CLIMATOLOGY

PRESENTED BY:
MEENAKSHI TYAGI
VARIOUS CLIMATIC ZONES ACROSS THE WORLD

VARIOUS
CLIMATIC
ZONES OF
INDIA:
HOT- DRY
WARM HUMID
COMPOSITE
COLD/
TROPICAL UP-
LAND

THERMAL COMFORT FACTORS
C
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THERMAL BALANCE =
Metabolism - Evaporation +_ Conduction
+_ Convection +_ Radiation = 0
Heat
Gain
Conduction

Radiation

Metabolism

Convection

Heat
Loss
Conduction

Radiation

Evaporation
Convection

Thermal Comfort Environmental Variables
Temperature
The average air temperature from the floor at a
height of 1.1 m.
Mean Radiant Temperature
The average temperature of the surrounding surfaces,
which includes the effect of the incident solar
radiation.
Air Velocity
Which affects convective heat loss from the body, i.e.
air at a greater velocity will seem cooler.
Air Humidity
Which affects the latent heat losses and has a
particularly important impact in warm and humid
environments

Comfort conditions
Variables for comfort conditions
Clothing
Acclimatization
Body shape
Age and Sex
Health
Eating habits
Comfort conditions in India:
Air temperature: 22degree C 30 degree C
RH : 45% - 60%
Wind velocity : 10m/ min

Climate and housing
and Climate
BUILDINGS AND CLIMATE
HOT-ARID
Where very high summer temperatures with great fluctuation
predominate with dry conditions throughout the year. Cooling
degrees days greatly exceed heating degree days.

- Solar avoidance : keep DIRECT SOLAR GAIN out of the building
- avoid daytime ventilation
- promote night time air ciculation, with cool evening air
- achieve daylighting by reflectance and use of LIGHT non-heat
absorbing colours
- create a cooler MICROCLIMATE by using water bodies,
landscape , vegetation.
-Consider the DIURNAL CYCLE , use evaporative cooling
- use heavy mass for walls and DO NOT INSULATE

HOT-HUMID
Where warm to hot stable conditions predominate with
high humidity throughout the year. Cooling degrees days
greatly exceed heating degree days.
SOLAR AVOIDANCE : large roofs with overhangs that
shade walls and to allow windows open at all times
- PROMOTE VENTILATION
- USE LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS that do not hold heat
and that will not promote condensation and dampness
(mold/mildew)
- eliminate basements and concrete
- use STACK EFFECT to ventilate through high spaces
- use of COURTYARDS and semi-enclosed outside spaces


COLD/ UPLAND CLIMATE
Where winter is the dominant season and concerns for
conserving heat predominate all other concerns. Heating
degree days greatly exceed cooling degree days.
RULES:
- First INSULATE
-minimize infiltration (build tight to reduce air changes)
- Then INSOLATE and fenestrate for DIRECT GAIN
- ORIENT AND SITE THE BUILDING PROPERLY FOR THE SUN
- maximize south facing windows for easier control
- apply THERMAL MASS inside the building envelope to store
the FREE SOLAR HEAT
- create a sheltered MICROCLIMATE to make it LESS cold



COMPOSITE CLIMATE / MONSOON CLIMATE
- BALANCE strategies between COLD and HOT-HUMID
- maximize flexibility in order to be able to modify the
envelope for varying climatic conditions
- understand the natural benefits of SOLAR ANGLES
that shade during the warm months and allow for
heating during the cool months

THANK YOU