TOPIC 3

Tropical
Climate
PRESENTER: Calonge, Edward RESEARCHER: Cacayorin, Eden Jules
Dela Pena, Jennifer Estrope, Thrixie
Eugenio, Allen Wanjai Garcia, Rachel
Gadiano, Leslie Lafeguera, Jamie
Nacion, Kyle Jeason
OVERVIEW OF
THE TOPIC
01 - Introduction of Tropical Climate
02 - Characteristics of Tropical Climate in the
Philippines
03 - Effects and Challenges of Tropical Climate
04 - Adaptive Measures and Sustainable
Solutions
05 - Conclusion
01 - Introduction of Tropical
Climate

What is Tropical Climate?

Predictable temperature patterns with

minimal seasonal variation and highly
variable precipitation regimes from year to
year are characteristics of tropical climates.
 Importance of Understanding
Tropical Climate in the Philippines

THERMAL COMFORT
Human comfort as determined by the ability of the body to dissipate
the heat and moisture it produces by metabolic action.

MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES

Understanding the aspects of the tropical climate in the
Philippines allows for the development and implementation of
effective mitigation and adaptation strategies
 ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE
The tropical climate of the Philippines plays a pivotal role in shaping its
diverse environment. The country experiences distinct wet and dry
seasons, with the monsoon circulation being a key factor.

CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE
The tropical climate has a profound influence on the cultural fabric of
the Filipino society. The country's rich and diverse cultural traditions
are often intertwined with weather patterns and agricultural
practices.
 02 - Characteristics
of Tropical Climate

Hot, Humid Climate

Hot, Dry Climate
 Hot , Humid Climate

A hot humid climate refers to an enduring pattern of high

temperatures and high atmospheric water vapor in a region.
The Philippines have a hot, humid, equatorial climate with a lot of
rainfall and high temperatures. The average annual rainfall in the
nation is 2,348 mm, but individual regions experience much different
amounts, ranging from 960 mm in southeast Mindanao to more than
4,050 mm in central Luzon. In general, the average annual
temperature of 27°C is high, especially in the plains and valleys.
Hot , Dry Climate
Areas away from the sea coasts,
where temperatures are higher
than 30 degrees and humidity is
typically lower than 55 degrees,
experience the hot and dry climate.
The dry season is the peak time for
travel to the Philippines, especially
from December to March, with April
and May hotter than earlier in the
season. Expect temperatures
between 75°F and 93°F (23°C and
34°C) in most places throughout
the season and relatively low
humidity.
03 - Effects of
Tropical Climate
1.HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
-Tropical climates generally
experience high temperatures
and humidity levels. This can
have several effects on both
the environment and human
health.
2. HEAVY RAINFALL AND FLOODING
-Tropical climates typically have a
distinct wet season with heavy
rainfall. While this can be beneficial
for agriculture, excessive rainfall can
lead to flooding and erosion.
3.TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES
-Tropical climates are prone to the formation of tropical storms and
hurricanes. These natural disasters can cause extensive damage to
infrastructure, including buildings, roads, and power lines.
Challenges of Tropical Climate
1. PROPER URBAN PLANNING AND INFRASTRUCTURE
-Developing cities in tropical
climates face unique
challenges in terms of
infrastructure planning.

2. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

-Tropical climates require effective
disaster preparedness and response
strategies to mitigate the impacts of
tropical storms, hurricanes, and other
natural disasters.
3. VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES
-Tropical climates provide favorable conditions for the proliferation
of vector-borne diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus.
These diseases are transmitted by insects such as mosquitoes and
can have serious health impacts.
4. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
-While tropical climates can support high agricultural productivity,
they also pose challenges for farmers. Excessive rainfall, flooding, and
extended dry periods can all impact crop yields.
04 - Adaptive measures and
Sustainable Solutions
-Adaptive measures and sustainable solutions for passive
cooling techniques in building structures focus on reducing
the need for mechanical cooling systems, improving energy
efficiency, and minimizing the environmental impact of
buildings. Passive cooling means using design choices to
reduce heat gain and increase heat loss, it can significantly
increase your comfort and reduce your energy bills.
 STACK EFFECT OR CHIMNEY
EFFECT
Cold air descends while warm air
ascends. The basic idea behind the
stack effect is that cooler air has a
higher density than warm air. When
warm air intake from the outside is
as low as feasible and the ceilings
are as high as possible, the stack
effect operates in the tropics
where indoor air is frequently
colder than outdoor air.
 SHADING
Utilizing various forms of shade to prevent excessive heat from
entering the interior spaces is the most essential and simplest
technique to cool a structure.
 WINDOWS
Passive architecture is essential to the tropics because it
promotes natural air flow. A building can benefit from having
windows because they help to promote and guide airflow.
BUILDING ORIENTATION (SUN AND
WIND PATTERN STUDY)
As it sets in the west, the sun rises in the east. To ensure user
comfort and prevent excessive use of mechanical cooling, which
is expensive in the long term, building orientation in the tropics is
essential. The optimal orientation for a structure in a tropical
environment is north-south, with facades facing east-west toward
the sun and having medium to few fixed windows that open.
 GREENING
Trees, shrubs, plants, and all other vegetation have a key part in
beautifying and improving the appearance of locations in
addition to providing clean air, lowering noise pollution,
controlling air temperature and humidity, and boosting
biodiversity.
 THERMAL MASS
The capacity of building materials to absorb, store, and release
heat is referred to as thermal mass. In tropical regions, it is best to
utilize lightweight building materials with low thermal mass,
especially on sun-exposed walls.

INSULATION
-The foundation of passive cooling is insulation. For roofs, walls, and
floors, there is a minimum insulation levels based on your climate
zone and other building characteristics. To maximize thermal
comfort and avoid condensation, choose the right insulation
products and pay close attention to installation.
 ROOF SPACE VENTILATION
- Well-ventilated roof spaces contribute to passive cooling by
providing a buffer zone between internal and external spaces in
the most difficult area to shade: the roof.
CONCLUSION
In summary, the tropical climate is a distinctive and
varied climate system that has a significant impact on
both the natural environment and human activity. It is
noted by its hot temperatures, abundant rainfall, and
diverse wildlife. Its effects on agriculture are most felt
in the tropical environment. To make sure that
sustainably built structures blend into the tropical
environment and are as appropriate to the tropical
climate as feasible, architects researching tropical
climate work toward this fundamental objective
Thanks