Luan Van Gioi Thieu Thyrstor

LUN VN TT NGHIP
GII THIU V THYRISTOR

SVTH: Nguyn Vn Hin
GVHD: Nguyn Xun Khai
Tuthienbao.com
Luan van tot ngiep SVTH Nguyen Van Hien
GVHD Nguyen Xuan Khai Trang 1
PHAN B NOI DUNG

Chng 1 GII THIEU S LC VE THYRISTOR

I - Cau tao Nguyen ly lam viec cua Thyristor
1 - Cau tao
Thyristor con goi la SCR (Sillcon Controlled Rectifier) la loai linh
kien 4 lp P N at xen ke nhau. e tien viec phan tch cac lp ban dan
nay ngi ta at la P
1
, N
1
, P
2
, N
2,
gia cac lp ban dan hnh thanh cac
chuyen tiep lan lt t tren xuong di la J
1
, J
2
, J
3
.
S o cau truc, ky hieu, s o tng ng va cau tao cua thyristor
c trnh bay H1

H.I.1a. H.I.1b H.I.1c H.I.1d

A : Anot
K : catot
G : Cc ieu khien
J
1
, J
3
: Mat tiep giap phat ien tch
J
2
: Mat tiep giap trung gian
H.I.1a : S o ky hieu cua SCR
H.I.1b : S o cau truc bon lp cua SCR
H.I.1c : S o mo ta cau tao cua SCR
H.I.1d : S o tng ng cua SCR

2. Nguyen ly lam viec cua thyristor:
Co the mo phong mot Thyristor bang hai transistor Q
1
, Q
2
nh
H.I.1d. Transistor Q
1
ghep kieu PNP, con Q
2
kieu NPN.
Goi
1
,
2
la he so truyen ien tch cua Q
1
va Q
2.
Khi at ien ap U
len hai au A &K cua Thyristor, cac mat tiep giap J
1
& J
3
chuyen dch
thuan, con mat tiep giap J
2
chuyen dch ngc ( J
2
mat tiep giap chung cua
Q
1
& Q
2
). Do o dong chay qua J
2
la I
J2

I
J2
=
1
Ie
1
+
2
Ie
2
+ I
o
.
I
0
: La dong ien ro qua J
2

Nhng v Q
1
& Q
2
ghep thanh mot tong the ta co:
Ie
1
= Ie
2
= I
J2
= I.
Do o I
J2
= I =
1
I +
2
I + I
o

Suy ra => I = I
o
/ [1-(
1
+
2
)] (1)
Do J
2
chuyen dch ngc nen han che dong chay qua no, dan en
1
,
2
cung ieu co gia tr nho, I I
o
, ca hai transistor trang thai ngat.
T bieu thc (1) ta thay rang dong ien chay qua Thyristor phu thuoc
vao he so truyen ien tch
1
&
2
. Moi quan he gia va dong emiter
c trnh bay H.I.2. Nh vay khi
1
+
2
tang dan en 1 th I tang rat
nhanh. Theo s o tng ng cua SCR H.I.1d ta co the giai thch nh
sau:
- Dong I
C1
chay vao cc B cua Q
2
lam cho
Q
2
dan va I
C2
tang, tc I
B1
cung tang (I
C2
= I
B1
)
khien Q
1
dan manh -> I
C1
tang va c tiep dien
nh the. Hien tng nay goi la hoi tiep dng
ve dong, tao ieu kien lam tang trng nhanh
dong ien chay qua Thyristor.
- Dong Ie
1
tang lam cho
1
tang
(H.I.2), con tang Ie
2
lam cho
2
tang.
Cuoi cung thc hien c ieu kien (
1
+
2
) -> 1, ca hai transistor
chuyen sang trang thai m, luc nay noi tr gia A va K cua SCR rat
nho.
Vay muon lam cho Q
1
, Q
2
t trang thai ngat chuyen sang trang thai
bao hoa (hay muon m Thyristor) ch can lam tang I
B2
. e lam c viec
nay ngi ta thng cho mot dong ieu khien I
k
chay vao cc cong cua
Thyristor, ung theo chieu I
B2
tren H.I.1d.

1

Ie
0
H.I.2
II. ac tuyen Volt - Ampere cua Thyristor:

H.I.3
H.I.3 ac tuyen Volt - Ampere cua Thyristor
I
th

max
: Gia tr cc ai dong thuan
U
th
: ien ap thuan
U
ng
: ien ap ngc
U
dt
: ien ap anh thung
I
ng
: Dong ngc.
I
o
: Dong ro qua Thyristor
I
dt
: Dong duy tr.
u: ien ap ri tren Thyristor
e giai thch c y ngha vat ly cua ng ac tuyen Volt - Ampere
Thyristor, ngi ta chia ra lam bon oan anh so la ma nh H.I. 3b
- oan ( I) ng vi trang thai ngat cua Thyristor. Trong oan nay (
1

+
2
) < 1, co dong ro qua Thyristor I I
o
, viec tang gia tr U t co anh
hng en gia tr dong I. Khi U tang en gia tr U
ch
(ien ap chuyen mach)
th bat dau qua trnh tang trng nhanh chong cua dong ien,Thyristor
chuyen sang trang thai m.
-oan (II) ng vi giai oan chuyen dch thuan cua mat tiep giap J
2

(Q
1
, Q
2
chuyen sang trang thai bao hoa). giai oan nay, moi mot lng
tang nho dong ien ng vi mot lng giam ln cua ien ap. oan nay
c goi la oan ien tr am.
-oan (III) ng vi trang thai m cua Thyristor. Trong oan nay ca 3
mat tiep giap J
1
, J
2
, J
3
ieu a chuyen dch thuan, mot gia tr ien ap nho
co the tao ra mot dong ien ln. Luc nay dong ien thuan ch con b han
che bi ien tr mach ngoai, ien ap ri tren Thyristor rat nho. Thyristor
c gi trang thai m chng nao dong I
th
con ln hn dong duy tr I
dt.

- oan (IV) ng vi trang thai cua Thyristor khi ta at mot ien ap
ngc len no (cc dng len catot, cc am len Anod). Luc nay J
1
, J
3

chuyen dch ngc, con J
2
chuyen dch thuan, v kha nang khoa cua J
3
rat
yeu nen nhanh ngc cua ac tnh Volt-Ampere chu yeu c quyet nh
bang kha nang khoa cua mat tiep giap J
1,
do o co dang nhamh ngc cua
ac tnh diod thng. Dong ien I
ng
co gia tr rat nho I
ng
I
o
. Khi tang U
ng

en gia tr U
t
(ien ap anh thung) th J
1
b choc thung va Thyristor b pha
hong. V vay e tranh h hong cho Thyristor ta khong nen at ien ap
ngc co gia tr gan bang U
t
len Thyristor.
Neu cho nhng gia tr khac nhau cua dong ieu khien I
k
th se nhan
c mot ho ng ac tnh Volt-Ampere cua Thyristor (H.I.4). oan (I)
cua ng ac tnh Volt-Ampere se b rut ngan lai va ien ap U
ch
cung nho
i neu tang dan gia tr U
k
. Khi dong ieu khien tng oi ln I
k3
(H.I.4)
th ng ac tnh c nan gan nh thang giong nh nhanh thuan cua ac
tnh Diod, co the noi vi gia tr cua I
k
nh the (
1
+
2
) va mat tiep giap J
2

chuyen dch thuan nhanh chong.

H.I.4

III. Cac thong so chu yeu cua Thyristor.
1. ien ap thuan cc ai (U
th.max
):
La gia tr ien ap ln nhat co the at len Thyristor theo chieu thuan
ma Thyristor van trang thai m. Neu vt qua gia tr nay co the lam
hong Thyristor.
2. ien ap ngc cc ai (U
ng max
):
La ien ap ln nhat co the dat len Thyristor theo chieu ngc ma
Thyristor van khong hong. Di tac ong cua ien ap nay, dong ien
ngc co gia tr Ing = (10 - 20)mmA. Khi ien ap ngc at len Thyristor
lu y phai giam dong ieu khien (H. I. 5)

U
ng
U
ng.max

(10-20)mA
I
k
=0
I
k1
=100mA
I
k2
=1A I
ng

I
k
< I
k1
< I
k2

H.I.5
3. ien ap nh mc (U
m
):
la gia tr ien ap cho phep ac len tren Thyristor theo chieu thuan
va ngc. Thong thng U
m
= 2/3 U
th max

4. ien ap ri tren Thyristor:
La gia tr ien ap tren Thyristor khi Thyristor ang trang thai m.

5. ien ap chuyen trang thai (U
ch
):
gia tr ien ap nay, khong can co I
k
, Thyristor cung chuyen sang
trang thai m.

6. Dong ien nh mc (I
m
):
La dong ien co gia tr trung bnh ln nhat c phep chay qua
Thyristor.
7. ien ap va dong ien ieu khien (U
kmin
, I
kmin
):
La gia tr nho nhat cua ien ap ieu khien at vao G - K va dong ien
ieu khien am bao m c Thyristor.

8. Thi gian m Thyristor (T
on
):
La khoang thi gian tnh t sn trc xung ieu khien en thi iem
dong ien tang en 0,9 I
m
.

9. Thi gian khoa Thyristor (T
off
):
La khoang thi gian tnh t thi iem I = 0 en thi iem lai xuat hien
ien ap thuan tren Anod ma Thyristor khong chuyen sang trang thai m.

10. Toc o tang ien ap thuan cho phep (du/ dt):
La gia tr ln nhat cua toc o tang ap tren Anod ma Thyristor khong
chuyen t trang thai khoa sang trang thai m.

11. Toc o tang dong thuan cho phep (di/ dt):
la ia tr ln nhat cua toc o tang dong trong qua trnh m Thyristor.

IV. M Thyristor:

+ Cac bien phap m Thyristor:
a) Nhiet o:
Neu nhiet o Thyristor tang cao, so lng ien t t do se tang len,
dan en dong ien ro Io tang len. S tang dong nay lam cho he so truyen
ien tch
1
,
2
tang va Thyristor c m. M Thyristor bang phng
phap nay khong ieu khien c s chay hon loan cua dong nhiet nen
thng c loai bo.
b ) ien the cao:
Neu phan cc Thyristor bang mot ien the ln hn ien ap anh
thung U
t
th Thyristor m. Tuy nhien phng phap nay se lam cho
Thyristor b hong nen khong c ap dung.
c ) Toc o tang ien ap (du/dt):
Neu toc o tang ien ap thuan at len Anod va Catot th dong ien
tch cua tu ien tiep giap co kha nang m Thyristor. Tuy nhien dong ien
tch ln nay co the pha hong Thyristor va cac thiet b bao ve. Thong
thng toc o tang ien ap du/dt th do nha san xuat qui nh.
d) Dong ieu khien cc G
Khi Thyristor a phan cc thuan ta a dong ieu khien dng at
vao hai cc G & K th Thyristor dan, dong I
G
cang tang th Ut cang giam.

V. Khoa Thyristor:
Khoa Thyristor tc la tra no ve trang thai ban au trc khi m vi
ay u cac tnh chat co the ieu khien c no. Co hai phung phap khoa
Thyristor :
- Giam dong ien thuan hoac cat nguon cung cap.
- at ien ap ng c len Thyristor.

+ Qua trnh khoa Thyristor:
Khi at ien ap ngc len Thyristor (H.I.7a ) tiep giap J
1
, J
3
chuyen
dch ngc, con J
2
chuyen dch thuan. Do tac dung cua ien trng ngoai,
cac lo trong trong lp P
2
chay qua J
3
ve Catot va trong lp N
1
lo trong chay
qua J
1
ve Anod tao nen dong ien ngc chay qua tai, giai oan nay t t
o
-
t
1
( H.I.7b ). Khi cac lo trong b tieu tan het th J
1
& J
3
(chu yeu J
1
) ngan
can khong cho ien tch tiep tuc chay qua, dong ngc bat au giam
xuong, t t
1
- t
2
goi la thi gian khoa Thyristor.
Thi gian khoa nay thng dai gap 8 - 10 lan thi gian m.
P
1
J
1
N
1
J
2
P
2
J
3
N
2
I
th

A
I
p
I
n
K
t
m

_ +
U R t
0
t
1
t
2
t
H.I.7a H.I.7b

VI. Mot so s o c ban cua Thyristor:
1. S o chu yeu dung Thyristor trong mach mot chieu.
Sau khi a hieu biet cac ac tnh c ban cua Thyristor ta nghien cu
mot so s o chu yeu e kiem chng lai cac ac tnh o ve phng dien
thc hanh.

H.I.9
H. I.9 gii thieu mot cong tac t mot chieu n gian dung e ieu
khien bong en 12 Volt,100mmA. Neu can thiet ta co the thay tai khac
vao v tr cua bong en, nhng trong trng hp tai cam khang th can phai
noi song song mot Diod D
1
e tranh cho mach khoi s co do sc ien ong
cam ng gay ra. Khi ong hoac cat mach Thyristor dung trong mach nay
co the chu c dong ien Anod en 2A va co the c ong (thong
mach) bi dong ien ieu khien be c vai tram miliAmpere. Dong ien
ieu khien c cap qua ien tr bao ve R
1
va nut an S
1
. ien tr R
2
c
noi gia cc khien va Catot dung e nang cao o on nh cua mach ien.
Khi nhan S
1
th mach se ong ien, mot khi Thyristor a m th du
cho nut S
1
h mach th no van duy tr trang thai m o. Muon cho Thyristor
ngng dan ta nhanh chong a dong ien Anod tr ve khong bang cach
nhan nut S
2
.

H.I.10 gii thieu mot phng phap ngat Thyristor. Thc vay, khi T
ang trang thai m, tu C
1
c nap t nguon qua ien tr R
3
. Khi ta an S
2

lai, ban cc dng cua tu noi mass va ap tren tu lam cho Anod cua T tr
thanh am, ieu nay gay ao ngc phan cc tren T va lam cho no ngat. Tu
C
1
phong rat nhanh nhng u e gi cho anod am trong vai phan trieu
giay, va do o am bao cho T ngng dan. Can chu y rang neu S
2
van gi
trang thai ong sau khi dong tai a c ngat, th tu se c nap ngc
thong qua tai, do o can chon tu khong phan cc nh tu Mylar hoac tu
Polyester.

H.I.11
Mot phng phap khac khoa T bang tu nh H.I.11. ay, ngi ta
dung T
2
phu e thay the cho nut an trong H.I.10. Thyristor T
1
c ngat
bang cach m T
2
trong khoang thi gian rat ngan nh mot xung ien ieu
khien rat nho chay qua nut an S
2
v dong Anod cua no c cap qua R
3
co
gia tr nho hn dong duy tr.
H.I.12 gii thieu mot s o Thyristor noi theo mach dao ong dung e
ieu khien hai bong en rieng biet LP
1
& LP
2
. Gia s T
1
m trong khi T
2
ngat tu C
1
(loai khong co cc tnh) c nap vi cc tnh dng pha LP
2
.
Khi an S
2
, mach se chuyen trang thai, T
2
m do tac dung cua cc ieu
khien va T
1
se b chnh T
2
khoa lai di tac dung cua tu C
1
. ong thi tu
nay c nap theo chieu ngc lai. Khi tu c nap ay, trang thai cua
mach co the thay oi neu ta an nut S
1
. khi o T
2
ngat nh tu C
1
. Trang thai
dao ong nay co the lap i lap lai mai.

H.I.12
Cac mach H.I.9,H.I.10, H.I.11,H.I.12 eu dung cho tai co nh n
gian thuoc loai mach t duy tr .

H.I.13a H.I.13b
H.I.13 gii thieu mot he thong bao ong n gian dung ien mot
chieu, vi loai tai khong lien tuc nh chuong ien, bo rung hoac coi. Khi
ong nguon, mot dong ien se chay qua cuon day phan ng bo tr trong
mach co hai tiep iem, dong ien o cam ng ra t trng trong cuon day
nen lam cho cac tiep iem m ra. Khi tiep iem m dong ien b ngat va
t trng cung b mat theo. Ket qua la cac tiep iem lai ong lai dong ien
chay qua cuon day, hien tng nh tren c the lap i lap lai.
Mot tai nh vay c xem nh mot cong tat t ong m theo chu ky
vi toc o rat nhanh. Khi tai tren c noi vao mach H.I.13a tn hieu bao
ong ch c phat ra neu S
1
ong. Do tai co ien cam nen khi s dung vi
mach Thyristor ta can no i song song vi mot diod D
1
can du.
Khi can thiet ta co the lap s o tren theo kieu mach duy tr bang
cach noi song song vi dung cu canh bao mot ien tr R
3
= 470 ( H.I.13b ).
Trong trng hp nay, khi he thong bao ong t ngat do rung dong Anod
cua Thyristor khong b triet tieu, ma ch giam en mot gia tr qui nh bi
ien tr R
3
va sc ien ong cua nguon. Neu gia tr nay ln hn dong duy
tr cua Thyristor th T se t duy tr. Nhan ieu kien o dong Anod se khong
giam ve khong khi tn hieu bao ong chuyen vao khoang khe h dong ien
gia hai lan rung, va do o T se b ngat.
Mach tn hieu bao ong H.I.13 c dung nhieu trong cac dung cu co
ien ap thap (3 en 12 volt) nh chuong ien, bo rung coi. o la nhng
dung cu ien tieu thu dong di 2A. Bo nguon phai am bao cap u mot
ien ap tren 1.5V so vi ien ap can thiet e dung cu canh bao hoat ong
bnh thng. Phan ien ap dung e bu vao ien ap bao hoa cua Thyristor
khi a thong.

2. S o c ban dung Thyristor trong mach xoay chieu:

H.I.14
H.I.14 trnh bay mot mach ien tng ng nh dung khoa ong
cat theo na chu ky e ieu khien bong en 100W noi vi nguon ien
xoay chieu 120V hoac 240V. Khi khoa S
1
m cc ieu khien cua Thyristor
T ngat va en tat. Ngc lai, neu S
1
ong thi iem khi au cua moi
na chu ky dng T ang ngat, do o toan bo ien ap at len cc ieu
khien qua en, Diod D
1
& R
1
, khi ien ap u e moi thong T th en sang
len. Ke t luc T m, ien ap tren no giam xuong gia tr xap x khong, do
o dong ieu khien khong con na. Luc nay dong Anod co gia tr u ln
nen T thc te c duy tr trang thai m trong suot na chu ky dng. No
se t ong ngat vao cuoi na chu ky nay khi gia tr dong Anod giam xuong
khong.
Qua trnh neu tren se c lap i lap lai theo cac na chu ky neu ta
gi S
1
trang thai ong. Khi m S
1
,T se ngat va en tat, v nh a trnh
bay,T khoa vao moi chu ky dng.
Diod D
1
trong mach nay co tac dung ngan khong cho ien ap am at
len cc khien. ien tr R
1
co gia tr u nho e cho phep moi thong T vao
au na chu ky dng, nhng no cung phai co gia tr u ln e han che
dong ien nh nhon trong cc ieu khien mot gia tr thch ng. Khi ta
ong S
1
vao thi iem co ien ap cc ai tren ng day, can chu y rang
nh nhon cua ap va dong ch at len ien tr R
1
trong vai phan trieu giay
e moi thong T, nen cong suat tieu tan tren R
1
rat be.

H.I.15
Co nhieu cach dung Thyristor e ieu khien ca hai na chu ky trong
mach xoay chieu. Trong H.I.15 va H.I.16 ien ap xoay chieu c bien oi
thanh ien ap chnh lu ( khong loc ) nh cau bon Diod D
1
, D
2
, D
3
, D
4
.
ien ap chnh lu o c at len Thyristor T. Khi khoa S
1
m, T ngat nen
khong co dong ien chay qua cau va tai. Khi S
1
ong, T c noi thong
ngay t au moi na chu ky, nen toan bo cong suat c at len tai. Trong
khi T dan, cc ieu khien mat tac dung mot cach t ong, nhng T van gi
trang thai m trong suot ca na chu ky nh giai thch tren. T se t ong
ngat vao cuoi moi na chu ky khi dong Anod giam xuong khong, do o s
o nay dung e cap ien cho tai mot chieu. pha xoay chieu cua cau
chnh lu ngi ta at cau ch bao ve khi co s co.

H.I.16
Trong H.I.16 tai c noi pha xoay chieu cua cau, do o mach nay
c dung e ieu khien tai xoay chieu. Trng hp nay khong can cau
ch bao ve, v chnh tai a co tac dung han che dong ien gia tr cho phep
khi co s co trong cac phan t.
Cuoi cung H.I.17 mac hai Thyristor T
1
& T
2
song song ngc nhau e
tao ra mot song hoan chnh cap cho tai. Khi S
1
m, cc khien cua T
1
& T
2

khong c cap ien, tai khong tieu thu nang lng. Khi S
1
c ong, cc
khien T
1
c cap ien trong cac na chu ky dng thong qua diod D
2
,
ien tr R
2
va T
1
m. Ngc lai trong cac na chu ky am, T
2
c m
thong qua D
1
va R
2
. Nh vay ta thc hien c ieu khien toan song.

H.I.17
ChngII
CHNH LU CO IEU KHIEN DUNG THYRISTOR

Thyristor thng c dung e ieu khien cac thiet b dung ien
mot chieu nh cac ong c ien mot chieu, lo ien, cac may han ien va
en chieu sang vi hieu suat cao. e m c Thyristor can phai thoa man
hai ieu kien:
- U
AK
> 0 va co tn hieu dng U
GK

- Co dong I
G
tac ong vao cc ieu khien G cua Thyristor
Do o Thyristor thng m cham hn Diod mot goc tng ng .
Goc nay la goc m cham (goc kch) cua Thyristor.
Taco =
: Tan so goc dong ien xoay chieu.
: Thi gian tnh t thi iem m Diod tng ng (U
AK
bat au
dng) en thi iem m Thyristor (co tn hieu ieu khien I
G
)
Trong cac mach chnh lu dung Thyristor, cac Thyristor c cung cap
t nguon ien xoay chieu mot pha hoac ba pha. ieu nay co ngha la
Thyristor se khoa lai khi dong ien qua no i qua tr so khong, hoac no b
phan cc ngch mot cach t nhien theo qui luat cua nguon ien xoay chieu
va tnh chat chat cua phu tai.
I. Cac che o cung cap ien cho mot phu tai qua mach chnh lu
dung Thyristor:
1. Che o cung cap gian oan: Che o nay dong cung cap cho phu
tai khong lien tuc.
e minh hoa cho che o nay ta xet mach chnh lu mot pha mot
na chu ky, co s o nguyen ly (H.II.1a) va o th ien ap (H.II.1b).

H.II.1a
H.II.1b

S o H.II.1a, Thyristorc ieu khien bang cac xung dong ien I
G

xuat hien cham sau ien ap U mot goc nao o nh H.II.1b
Khi co tn hieu I
G
,Thyristor se m, nen goc c goi la goc m
cham cua Thyristor. Khi Thyristor ap tren hai au phu tai la:
U
d
= U = U
m
sint
Dong I qua phu tai c xac nh bi phng trnh:
L(di/dt) + Rid = U = U
m
sint
Nghiem phng trnh:
e
t
L
R
A
t Sin
Z
Um
id
+ = *

Vi :
) (
2
2
L
R
Z

+ =

R
L
arctg

=

A : la hang so tch phan c xac nh t ieu kien ban au. Da vao
bieu thc id ta co ng cong id giam en khong va Thyristor t ong tat.
Do o goc goi la goc tat cua Thyristor, Thyristor tiep tuc ngat cho en
thi iem xuat hien xung I
G
tiep theo chu ky sau cua ien ap U.
Nh vay trong moi chu ky cua U dong ien qua phu tai id ch ton tai
trong khoang t en , con t en 2 dong i
d
= 0, tom lai dong qua phu
tai la dong gian oan.
2. Che o cung cap lien tuc
che o nay dong ien qua phu tai la mot dong ien lien tuc (luon
luon ln hn khong). e minh hoa che o nay ta xet mach chnh lu mot
pha hai na chu ky. S o nguyen ly H.II.2a va o th ien ap, dong ien
.II.2b nh sau: H.II.2a
H.II.2b
Trong s o H.II.2a cac Thyristor T
1
& T
2
c ieu khien bang cac
xung dong ien I
G1
va I
G2
, moi chu ky xung ieu khien I
G1
c cho tren
cc ieu khien cua T
1
cham sau ien ap u
1
mot goc , con I
G2
c cho
tren cc ieu khien T
2
cham sau I
G1
mot goc nh H.II.2b
- Tai goc co I
G1
va U
1
> 0 nen T
1
m va gia tr dong ien tai
trung bnh la:

e i
t
T
t
R
A t Sin
Z
Um
id

) (
1
= =

va co dang ng cong I
T1
H.II.2b
- Tai goc + , co i
G2
va U
2
> 0 nen T
2
m, khi T
2
m U
k
= U
A
2
= U
2
. ien ap tren T
1
luc o la U
A1k
= U
A 1
- U
k
= U
1
- U
2
< 0
nen T
1
khoa lai. Nh vay khi T
1
dan th T
2
khoa hay ngc lai khi T
2
m th i
d
=i
T2
va co dang giong i
T1
na chu ky trc. Bay gi ta hay
xem ieu kien nao th dong i
d
qua phu tai la lien tuc, ta thay e id
lien tuc th ngay trc khi m T
2
, dong i
d
= i
T1
cha giam en 0. Noi
cach khac dong I
d
goc va + ln hn khong. Ta co:

e id
L
R
A t Sin
Z
Um

+ = ) (

e
u
id
t
R
A Sin
Z
m
) (
) (

+
+
+ + =

e e
R
R
A Sin
Z
Um

+ = * ) (

V i
d
= i
d( + )
=i
do
, nen:

e
t
R
A Sin
Z
Um
+ ) (
e
t
R
A Sin
Z
Um ) (
) (

+
+ =

T ay rut ra:
) 1 /( ) (
2
*
e e
L
R
L
R
Sin
Z
Um
A

=

Ta co:
) ( = Sin
Z
Um
ido
) 1 /( ) (
2
e
L
R
Sin
Z
Um

]
1
2
1 )[ (
e
L
R
Sin
Z
Um
=

)]
1
1
( )[ (
e
L
R
L
R
e
Sin
Z
Um
+
=

Tuthienbao.com
V :
0
1
1
( >
e
e
L
R
L
R

Nen e ido > 0 can co: 0 ) ( < Sin
Z
Um

suy ra ieu kien e

i
d
lien tuc ( i
do
> 0) la Sin(- ) < 0 hoac <
trong o = arctg L/R.
Nh vay ieu kien e chnh lu mot pha hai na chu ky lam viec
che o cung cap lien tuc la goc m cham Thyristor < .

II. S o chnh lu cau mot pha dung Thyristor:
1. Chnh lu cau mot pha dung Thyristor vi phu tai la thuan
tr:
S o nguyen ly H.II. 3a va o th dong ap H.II. 3b
a) S hoat ong cua mach va s bien thien ien ap va dong
ien chnh lu:
Trong mach H.II.3a dung 4 Thyristor T
1
, T'
1
, T
2
, T
2
' cac Thyristor c
ieu khien bang cac xung dong ien tng ng I
G1
, I
G1
' I
G2
, I
G2'
.
Mach chnh lu c cung cap t mot nguon ien xoay chieu qua may
bien ap vi ien ap th cap: U
2
=U
2m
sin t

H.II.3a H.II.3b

Cac xung ieu khien I
G1
, I
G1
',I
G2
, I
G2
' co cung chu ky vi U
2
nhng
xuat hien khong ong thi vi U
2
, cac xung I
G1
, I
G2
'xuat hien sau U
2
mot
goc la
Con cac xung I
G2
, I
G1
' xuat hien sau U
2
mot goc + (H.II.3b).
Trong na chu ky au: U
2
(0 <=t < ), U
2
dng, cac Thyristor T
1
,
T
2
' c phan cc thuan. Do o t = (co I
G1
va I
G'2
) cac Thyristor T
1
va
T'
2
m. Luc o dong ien i t iem A qua T
1
en M qua phu tai R en N
qua T'
2
ve B.
Cac Thyristor nay m cho en luc t = , tai t = th U
2
= 0. Dong
ien Thyristor cung bang khong ( mach thuan tr dong ien cung pha
ien ap) va Thyristor tat mot cach t nhien.
Trong thi gian Thyristor nay m ( =< =< ) ien ap chnh lu
(ien ap hai au phu tai) la:
u
d
= u
2
= u
2m
Sin t,
Dong qua phu tai va Thyristor
i
d
= i
T1
= u
d
/R = u
2m
/ R Sin t
Con ien ap tren T
1
la u
T1
= 0
Sang na chu ky hai cua u
2
( =< t = < 2 ); u
2
= 0, cac Thyristor T
1
'
va T
2
phan cc thuan. Do o tai goc + (co i
G1
va i'
G1
) cac T
2
, T'
1
m,
dong i t B qua T
2
en M qua R en N qua T'
1
ve A. Cac Thyristor nay
m cho en t = 2 . Tai = 2 , U
2
= 0, dong qua Thyristor bang 0 va
Thyristor ngat. Trong thi gian T
2
, T'
1
m, ien ap chnh lu la:
u
d
= - u
2
= -u
2m
Sin t.
dong qua phu tai va T
2
la i
d
= i
T2
= U
d
/R = -(u
2m
/R )Sin t.
Vi s m cua T
2
va T'
1
; u
M
=u
B
va u
N
= u
A
. Luc o ien ap tren T'
2

va T
1
se la:
u
T1
= u
A
- u
M
= u
A
-u
B
= u
2
< 0
u
T'2
= u
N
-u
B
= u
A
- u
B
= u
2
< 0
Do o T
1
va T'
2
khoa lai (i
T1
= 0), nh vay s m cua mot oi
Thyristor nay, se dan en s khoa mot cach t nhien cua oi Thyristor
khac va cac ng cong bien thien cua u
d
, i
d
va u
T1
co dang H.II.3b
b) Cac thong so cua mach chnh lu cau mot pha dung
Thyristor khi tai thuan tr:
- Gia tr trung bnh cua ien ap chnh lu:
-
2
0
2
1
t d
u u d do

T H.II.3b, ta co:
) cos 1 (
2
2
2
2
0

+ = =

u
u
m
do
t td Sin

U
2m
la bien o th cap may bien ap
Khi t 0 en th u
do
cung thay oi t U
2m
/ en 0. Do o ta co
the ieu khien U
do
bang cach thay oi .
- Gia tr ien ap ngc cc ai tren moi Thyristor:
u
ngmax
= u
2m
khi =< /2.
u
ngmax
= u
2m
Sin khi >= /2.
- He so nhap nho cua ien ap chnh lu:
K
0
= (u
dmax
-u
d min
)/2u
do.
oi vi mach chnh lu nay u
dmin
= 0 ; u
dmax
= u
2m
, khi =< /2 va
u
dmax
= u
2m
Sin khi > /2.
Do o khi =< /2, ta co:

) cos 1 ( 2
2
min max
+
=
=
u
u u
do
d d
Ko

Khi > /2, ta co:
) cos 1 ( 2
2
min max

+
=
=
Sin
Ko
u
u u
do
d d
- Gia tr trung bnh cua dong ien qua phu tai:
) 1 (
2
Cos
R R
Id
u u m do
+ = =
- Tr so cc ai I
max
, tr so hieu dung I va tr so trung bnh i
o
cua dong
ien qua moi Thyristor:
i
max
= i
d

max
= u
2m
/ R
cos sin
2 2
1
2
2
1
+
= =

R
t d I
u
i
m
T

2
) cos 1 (
2 2
1
2
1
Id
R
t d io
u
i
m
T
= + = =

Tr so hieu dung I
2
cua dong th cap va cong suat S cua May bien ap.
moi na chu ky ien ap u
2
, dong ien qua cuon day th cap chnh la
dong ien qua cac Thyristor m. Do o:
= t d I
i T

2
1
2
2
2

2
cos
2
Sin
R
u m
+
=

2
cos
*
2
2 2
2 21
Sin
R
S
u u
I u
m m
+
= =

2
cos
2
2
2
2
Sin
R
u m
+
=
He so cong suat cua mach th cap May bien ap:
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
) 1 (
Cos Sin
R
R
S S
Cos
u
Cos
u
I u P
m
m
d do d
+
= = =
+

2
2
2
) 1 ( 2
Cos Sin
Cos
+
=
+

2. Chnh lu cau mot pha dung Thyristor vi phu tai R, L:
S o nguyen ly H.II.4a va o th ap dong H.II.4b.
a) S hoat ong cua mach va s bien thien cua ien ap va dong
ien chnh lu:
ieu khien m Thyristor trong mach nay giong nh vi phu tai thuan
tr, tc la chung ta dung cac xung dong ieu khien i
G1
,I'
G1
,i
G2
,I'
G2
co cung
chu ky vi ien ap u
2
. Song I
G1
va I'
G2
cham sau u
2
mot goc , con I
G2
va
I'
G1
cham sau u
2
mot goc +
+ Trong na chu ky au cua ien ap u
2
( 0 =< t =< ) ; u
2
> 0 cac
Thyristor T
1
va T
2
' m. Dong ien i t iem A qua T
1
en M qua phu tai
en N va qua T'
2
ve iem B.

H.II.4a H.II.4b

-ien ap chnh lu ( hai au phu tai):
u
d
= u
2
= u
2m
sin t
- ien ap tren T
1
la : u
T1
= 0
- Dong ien qua phu tai id c xac nh
L(di
d
/ dt) + Ri
d
= u
2
= u
2m
Sin t
Giai ra ta c:
e
u
i
t
L
R
m
d
A t Sin
Z

+ = ) (
2

Vi :
L R
Z
2 2
+ =

= Artg L/R
A : Hang so tch phan xac nh t ieu kien ban au
+ Trong naa chu ky sau cua ien ap u
2
( =< =<2 ) ; u
2
< 0; T
1
' va T
2
phan cc thuan. Do o tai goc pha t = + (co i
G1
va i'
G1
) cac Thyristor
T
2
, T'
1
m, luc o dong ien i t B qua T
2
en M qua phu tai en N qua
T'
1
ve A.
ien ap chnh lu la:
u
d
= - u
2
= -u
2m
Sin t.
Dongien chnh lu i
d
bien thien giong nh na chu ky au s m cua
T
2
va T'
1
lam cho u
M
=u
B
va u
N
= u
A
. Luc o ien ap tren T'
2
va T
1
tai t
= + , se la:
u
T1
= u
A
- u
M
= u
A
-u
B
= u
2
< 0
u
T'2
= u
N
-u
B
= u
A
- u
B
= u
2
< 0
ieu o lam cho T
1
va T'
2
ngat mot cach t nhien.
b) Cac thong so cua mach chnh lu:
- Gia tr trung bnh ien ap chnh lu
Cos
t td Sin d
u u
u U u
m do
m d do
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
=
= =

Nh vay khi thay oi goc cua Thyristor t 0 en /2 ta co the ieu
khien U
do
t 2u
2m/
en 0.
- ien ap cc ai tren moi Thyristor:
u
ngmax
=u
2m

- He so nhap nho cua ien ap chnh lu:
K = ( u
dmax
- u
dmin
) /2u
do
, ma u
max
= 2u
2m

u
dmin
= u
2m
Sin ( + )= -u
2m
sin

) 1 (sin
cos 4
2
2
) sin 1 (
2
2
+ =
+
=
Cos
K
u
u
m
m


t d Id
i d

=
2
0
2
1

Theo ng cong H.II.4b th:

t d Id
i
d

+
=
0
2
2

ma i
d
c xac nh t phng trnh: L ( d
id
/dt ) + Ri
d
= u
d
Lay tch phan hai ve:
t d t d
R
did
L
i i d d

+ + +
= +
1

T ng cong H.II.4b ta co:
t d Id
i d

+
=
2
0
1

i
d( )
=i
d

( + )
= I
o,
do o :
0 = =

+ Io
io
did did

Con:
u do
t d ud
RId t did
R
=
=
+
+

.
1

Nh vay ta co: RI
d
= u
do
hay I
d
= U
do
/ R = (2/R )u
2m
cos
Trng hp phu tai co ien cam L rat ln th i
d
co gia tr khong oi
va bang tr so trung bnh I
d
cua no.
- Tr cc ai I
max
, tr so hieu dung I va tr so trung bnh i
o
cua dong
ien qua Thyristor.
e tnh toan ta gia s i
d
= I
d
= const
Luc o i
max
= I
d

2 2
1
2
2
1 2
Id
t d
Id
t d I
i i
i
d o
d
= =
= =

+
+

- Tr so hieu dung cua dong th cap I
2
va cong suat S cua may bien
ap.
moi chu ky cua u
2
, dong ien qua cuon day th cap chnh la dong ien
qua cac Thyristor m. Do o:
Cos
R
S
t d
u I
u
I u
I i I
m d
m
d d
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
= = =
= =

+

- He so cong suat cua mach th cap May Bien Ap:
-
R Cos
Id Udo
S S
Cos
U
I u P
m
d do d

/ 2
.
2
2
2
= = =

cos
2 2
. 2
4
/ 2
. / 2 (
2
2
/ ) 2
2
= = = Cos
R Cos
Cos
U
U
m
R Cos m

Khi goc m cang ln th Cos
2
cang be

III. Mach chnh lu cau mot pha khong oi xng:
1. S o mach va nguyen ly hoat ong:
Trong s o H.II.5a s dung hai Thyristor T
1
va T
2
, hai diod D'
1
va D'
2
.
Viec thay the cac Thyristor bang cac diod la giam gia thanh cua cac mach
chnh lu ma van ieu khien c U
do
. Cac Thyristor T
1
va T
2
c ieu
khien bang cac xung dong ien I
G1
, I
G2
xuat hien cham sau ien ap u
2
mot
goc va + nh H.II.5b.

H.II.5a H.II.5b

Trong na chu ky au cua u
2
(0 =< t =< ), u
2
> 0, T
1
va D'
2
phan
cc thuan. D'
2
dan ngay tai goc t = 0, song phai i en goc pha t =
(co tn hieu i
G1
) th T
1
mi m va mach ien mi thong t A qua T
1
en M
qua phu tai en N qua D'
2
ve B. Luc nay ien ap tren hai au phu tai M va
N la u
d
= u
2

ien ap tren T
1
va D'
2
: u
T1
= u
D'2
= 0
Gia thiet phu tai co ien cam L ln, dong qua phu tai la khong oi va
bang tr so trung bnh cua no I
d
.
Trong na chu ky sau cua u
2
( =< t =< 2 ), u
2
< 0,T
2
va D'
1
phan
cc thuan, D'
1
dan ngay tai goc t = , song phai i en goc pha t =
+ (co tn hieu i
G1
) th T
2
mi m va mach ien mi thong t B qua T
2
en
M qua phu tai en N qua D'
1
ve A. Luc nay ien ap tren hai au phu tai M
va N la:
u
d
= -u
2.

Do T
2
va D'
1
m nen ien ap tai iem N va M la: U
N
= U
A
= U
2,

U
M
= U
B
= U
2 .
ien ap tren D'
2
:
u
D'2
= u
N
- u
B
=u
A
-u
B
= u
2
< 0
Do o D
2
ngat. ien ap hai au phu tai u
d
= u
BA
= = -u
2

ien ap tren T
1
: u
T1
= u
D'2
= u
A
- u
M
= u
A
- u
B
= u
2
< 0. Do o T1 va
D'2 ngat mot cach t nhien.
T
2
m cho en thi iem t = 2. Sau t = 2, mach hoat ong tr lai
nh chu k va xet. Tren c s hoat ong cua mach nh tren ta co ng
cong u
d
, u
T1
, u
T2
, I
G
nh H.II.5.b.
2. Cac thong so cua mach:
- Gia tr trung bnh ien ap chnh lu.

0 0
) 1 (
2
2
2
2
2
= =
+ = =

u
u
u
u u
m
do
m
m do
th Khi
Cos t td Sin

- ien ap ngc ln nhat tren moi Thyristor va Diod.
u
ngmax
= u
2m

- He so nhap nho ien ap chnh lu.
K = ( u
dmax
- u
dmin
)/2u
do

Theo ng cong H.II.5.b th:
u
dmin
= 0
u
dmax
= u
2m
khi =< /2
u
dmax
= u
2m
Sin , khi > /2
) cos 1 ( 2
) cos 1 (
2
2 /
) cos 1 ( 2
) cos 1 (
2
2 /
2
2
2
2

+
=
+
= >
+
=
+
=
Sin
Sin
K thi khi
K thi khi
u
u
u
u
m
m
m
m
K L
K L

- Gia tr trung bnh dong ien qua phu tai.
Gia thiet phu tai la ien cam L rat ln va dong ien qua phu tai i
d
co tr
so khong oi i
d
= I
d
.
Do nang lng tieu thu trong trong ien cam L trong mot chu ky la bang
0 va nang lng tieu thu trong phu tai trong mot chu ky la:
Wt = R I
2
d
T
Vi T la chu ky ien ap.
Con nang lng nguon cung cap cho phu tai trong mot chu ky:
dt Wn
i u d d
=

2
Khi thay i
d
= I
d
= const, ta co:

dt Id Wn
u d
=

2

Hai nang lng Wt va Wn phai bang nhau:
dt Id dt R
u I d d
=

2
2

Nhan hai ve phng trnh cho , thay T = 2, u
d
= u
2m
Sin t;

R R
t td Sin
R
t d t Sin Id R
u u
u I
u I
do m
m d
m d
= + = =
=

) cos 1 (
1
2 2
2
2
2
2

- Dong ien trung bnh qua moi Thyristor (I
T
)
V T
1
dan trong khoang =< t =<
T'
1
dan trong khoang + =< t =< 2
Khi Thyristor m, dong qua no chnh la dong qua phu tai.
i
d
= I
d
= const

2 / ) (
2
1
= =
I I I d d T
t d

Dong ien trung bnh qua moi Diod
0 =< t =< , D'
2
m
=< =< 2
Khi Diod m dong qua no chnh la dong qua phu tai:

2 / ) (
2
1
0
= =

+
I I I d d D
t d

Tr so hieu dung cua dong ien th cap May Bien Ap ( MBA) I
2

Dong ien ch qua cuon day th cap trong thi gian T
1
m ( =< t =<
) va T'
1
m ( =< t =< 2)
Tr so dong th cap chnh la dong qua phu tai i
d
= I
d
= const.
= = =

1 / ) (
2
2
1
2 I I
I
I d d
t d
d

Cong suat MBA:

+
= = = 1 )
cos 1
(
2
1
2
2
2 2
2 2 2
R
u
I
u
I u S
m
d
m

He so cong suat cua mach th cap:
)
1
1
(
2
1
2
) 1 (
1
2
2
2
2 2
2
+
=
+
=
= =
Cos
Cos
Id
Cos
u
u
u
I u
S
P
m
m
m
d do d

IV. Mach chnh lu ba pha hnh tia dung Thyristor:
1. S o mach va nguyen ly hoat ong:

H.II.6a H.II.6b
e ieu khien cac Thyristor T
1
,T
2
,T
3
ngi ta a ra cac xung dong ieu
khien i
G1
, i
G2
, i
G3
,. Cac xung ieu khien nay co cung chu ky vi cac ien ap
th cap U
1
, U
2
, U
3
cua may bien ap nguon ba pha. Th t phat cac xung
ieu khien la i
G1
en i
G2
en i
G3
cach nhau mot goc pha 2/3.
Vay trong moi chu ky tai goc pha
1
= + / 6, T
1
m v i
G1
va u
1
ln
nhat.
Tai goc pha
2
= + /6 + 2/3, T
2
m v i
G2
va u
2
ln nhat.
Tai goc pha
3
= + /6 + 4/3, T
3
m v i
G3
va u
3
ln nhat.
Khi mot Thyristor m th hai Thyristor khac lai khoa.
- Trong khoang
1
=< t =<
2
th T
1
m, dong ien i t A qua T
1
en
M qua phu tai en N ve iem 0. Ap tren hai au phu tai la:
ud = u
1
,
u
T1
= 0 (ap tren Thyristor T
1

-Trong khoang
2
=< t =<
3
th T
2
m, dong ien i t B qua T
2
en
M qua phu tai en N ve iem 0. Ap tren hai au phu tai:
u
d
= u
2

S m cua T
2
lam cho u
M
= u
B
va ap tren T
1
la:
u
T1
= u
A
- u
M
= u
A
- u
B
= u
1
- u
2
= u
12

-Trong khoang thi gian
3
=< t =<
4
th T
3
m, dong ien i t
iem C qua T
3
en M qua phu tai en N ve iem O:
Ap tren hai au phu tai la: u
d
= u
3

S m T
3
lam cho u
M
= u
C
va ap tren T
1
la :
u
T1
= u
A
- u
M
= u
A
- u
C
= u
1
- u
3
= u
13
.

2. Cac thong so mach:
- Gia tr trung bnh cua ien ap chnh lu:
Cos t td Sin t td Sin

u u u u m m m do
2
3 3
2
3
2
3
6
5
6
1
2
= = =

+
+

u
m
bien o ien ap th cap mot pha.
- ien ap ngc tren moi Thyristor

u u m ng
3
max
=

- He so nhap nho ien ap chnh lu

u
u u
do
d d
K
2
min max

=

-Khi < / 3 th u
dmax
= u
m

u
dmin
= u
m
sin
2
= u
m
Sin (5 /6 + ) = u
m
Cos( /3 + )
-Khi / 3 =< =< /2 th:
u
dmax
= u
m
Sin ( / 6+ ) = u
m
Cos( - /3)
u
dmin
= u
m
sin
2
= u
m
Cos( /3 + )
Nh vay vi 0 =< =< /3 th:
)
)
3
cos( 1
(
3 3
2
3 6
)
3
cos(
Cos
Cos
K
u
u u
m
m m
+
=
+
=

Con vi /3 =< =< /2 th:
tag
Cos
Cos
K
u
u
m
m
3
)
)
3
cos( )
3
cos(
(
3 3
2
3 6
)
3
cos( )
3
cos(
=
+
=
+
=
-Gia tr trung bnh dong ien phu tai
Cos
R R
u
u
I m
do
d
2
3 3
= =

- Gia tr trung bnh i
o
, gia tr hieu dung I, gia tr cc ai i
max
cua dong
i
o
= I
d
/ 3
I = I
d
/ 3
i
max
= I
d

- Tr so hieu dung cua dong ien th cap I
2,
va cong suat cua MBA S
2

V dong ien th cap moi pha la dong ien qua Thyristor tren pha o.
Do o:
R
Cos
Cos
R
u
u
u
I u
I S
I
I
m
m
d m
d
2 2
9
3 2
3 3
2
3
3 2
3 3
3
2
2
2 2
2
= = = =
=

- He so cong suat cua mach th cap:
Cos
Cos
S
Cos
u
u
I
u
I u P
m
m
d
m
d do d
2
2 3
6
3
2
3 3
6
3
2
= = = =

V. Mach chnh lu cau ba pha oi xng dung Thyristor:
1. S o nguyen ly va hoat ong cua mach:

H.II.7a

H.II.7b

Trong s o H.II.7a ngi ta dung sau Thyristor T
1
, T
2
, T
3
, T'
1
,T'
2
,T'
3
.
e ieu khien m cac Thyristor nay ngi ta thng dung mot may phat
xung dong ien ieu khien i
G
. Cac xung dong ien i
G
phat ra theo th t
i
G1
,I'
G3
, i
G2
, i'
G1
,i
G3
,i'
G2
cach nhau mot khoang = /3 nh H.II.7.b. Ngoai ra
i
G1
cham pha hn so u
1
mot goc
1
= / 6 + . Cung giong nh mach chnh
lu ba pha dung diod, cac Thyristor chia lam hai nhom:
- Nhom Catod chung T
1
,T
2
,T
3
va nhom Anod chung la T'
1
,T'
2
,T'
3
. Moi
Thyristor trong nhom Catod chung se m khi ien ap pha cua cuon day th
cap noi vi no la ln nhat va no co tn hieu ieu khien i
G
. Con moi
Thyristor trong nhom Anot chung se m khi ien ap pha cua cuon day th
cap noi vi no la am nhat va no co tn hieu ieu khien i
G
. Khi mot trong ba
Thyristor nhom m th hai Thyristor con lai cua nhom se khoa. Gia thiet
rang phu tai cua mach co ien cam L rat ln, nen mach lam viec trong
che o lien tuc cua dong ien phu tai va gia tr dong ien nay bang tr so
trung bnh cua no I
d
.
Nh vay tai goc pha
1
, T
1
m (u
1
la ln nhatva co tn hieu i
G1
) T
1
se
m cho en
3
(tai
3
, T
2
m va T
1
khoa lai)
Tai
2
th T'
3
m (u
3
la nho nhat va co tn hieu I'
G3
) va T
3
se m cho
en
4
(tai
4
, T'
1
se m va T'
3
khoa lai).
Tng t: T
2
se m trong khoang
3
=< =<
5

T
3
m trong khoang
5
=< =<
7

T'
1
m trong khoang
4
=< =<
6

T'
2
m trong khoang
6
=< =<
8

- Trong khoang
1
=< =<
2
, T
1
, T'
2
m. Dong ien i t iem A qua
T
1
en M qua phu tai en N qua T'
2
ve iem B:
Ap tren hai au phu tai la u
d
= u
A
- u
B
= u
1
- u
2
= u
12

Ap tren T
1
la u
T1
= 0
- Trong khoang
2
=< =<
3
, T
1
, T'
3
m. Dong ien i t B qua T
1
qua phu tai, qua T'
3
ve C:
d
= u
A
- u
C
= u = - u= = u
13

Ap tren T
1
la u
T1
= 0
- Trong khoang
3
=< =<
4
, T
2
, T'
3
2
qua
phu tai, qua T'
3
ve C
d
= u
B
- u
C
= u
2
- u
3
= u
23

Ap tren T
1
la u
T1
= 0
Khi T
2
m th u
M
= u
B
= u
2

u
T1
= u
A
- u
M
= u
A
- u
B
= u
1
- u
2
= u
12

- Trong khoang
4
=< =<
5
, T
2
, T'
1
2,
qua phu tai, qua T'
1
ve A.
d
= u
B
- u
A
= u
2
- u
1
= u
2 1

Ap tren T
1
la u
T1
= u
A
-u
M
= u
A
-u
B
= u
1
- u
2
= u
12

- Trong khoang
5
=< =<
6,
T
3
, T'
1
m. Dong ien i t C qua T
3,
qua
phu tai, qua T'
1
ve A.
d
= u
C
- u
A
= u
3
- u
1
= u
31

Ap tren T
1
la u
T1
= u
A
-u
M
= u
A
- u
C
= u
1
- u
3
= u
13

- Trong khoang
6
=< =<
1
, T
3
, T'
2
m. Dong ien i t C qua T
3,
qua phu tai, qua T'
2
ve B.
d
= u
C
- u
B
= u
3
- u
2
= u
32

Ap tren T
1
la u
T1
= u
A
-u
M
= u
A
- u
C
= u
1
- u
3
= u
13

2. Cac thong so cua mach:
- Gia tr trung bnh cua ien ap chnh lu

=

2
0
2
1
t d
u u
d do

T ng cong H.II.7b, ta co:
Cos
t d t Cos
t d t Sin t Sin
t d
u u
u
u
u u u
m do
m
m
do
3 3
) 3 / (
3
)] ( [
2
6
) (
2
6
2 /
6 /
0
2 /
6 /
2
1
2 1
120
=
=
=
=

+
+
+
+
Khi thay oi t 0 en /2th co the thay oi gia tr trung bnh ien ap
chnh lu t 3 .3 / u
m
en 0.
ien ap ngc cc ai tren moi Thyristor
u
ngmax
= 3 u
m

Cos
R R
Id
u
u
m
do
3 3
= =

- Tr so cc ai i
max
, gia tr hieu dung I, gia tr trung bnh i
o
cua dong
i
max
= I
d

i
o
= I
d
/3

3
Id
I =
- Tr so hieu dung cua dong ien th cap I
2
va cong suat S cua MBA
T H.II.7b thay rang moi chu ky trong khoang
1
=< t =<
3
th
T1 m, dong th cap i
2
= Id. Con trong khoang
4
=< t =<
6
th T'
1

m, dong ien th cap i
2
= - I
d
nen ta co:
2
4 6 1 3
( [
2
1
2
6
4
2 3
1
2
)
+
=
+ =

I
I I
d
d
t d
d
t d I
Khi thay
3
-
1
=
6
-
4
= 2 /3 ta c:
2
3
2
3 3
816 . 0
2
3
2
2
Id u S
Id Id I
u
I
m
= =
=

Thay :
u do
Cos
Um
3 3
=

Ta co :
I u I u d do d do
Cos Cos
S

05 . 1
3
= =

He so cong suat cua mach th cap:
Cos O
Cos
S
Cos
I u
I u P
d do
do do d
95 .
05 . 1
2
= = =

Vay neu cang ln th cos cang nho va cos
2
cang nho:

VI. Mach chnh lu cau ba pha khong oi xng:

H.II.8a

H.II.8b H.II.8c
Trong s o H.II.8a s dung ba Thyristor T
1
,T
2
,T
3
va cac Diode D'
1
,D'
2
,
D'
3
. Cac Thyristor T
1
,T
2
, T
3
c ieu khien bang cac xung dong ien ieu
khien i
G1
, i
G2
,i
G3
. Moi Thyristor ch m khi co tn hieu i
G
va ien ap tren
cuon day th cap noi vi no la ln nhat trong so ba ien ap u
1
,u
2
, u
3
. Ngoai
ra ta cung gia thiet rang phu tai co ien cam L ln nen mach lam viec
trong che o lien tuc cung cap cho phu tai vi dong ien phu tai co tr so
khong oi va bang gia tr trung bnh cua no I
d
. Trong che o nay moi
Thyristor se tiep tuc m cho en luc mot Thyristor khac m.
Con moi Diode trong nhom ba diode D'
1
, D'
2
, D'
3
se m trong khoang
thi gian ma ien ap tren cuon day th cap noi vi no co tr so be nhat (am
nhat) trong so u
1
,u
2
,u
3
.
Khi goc m cua Thyristor < / 3 ta co o th bien thien cua ien ap
va dong ien chnh lu hnh H.II.8b, con > /3, ta co o th bien thien
cua ien ap va dong ien chnh lu H.II.8c.
Tren cac o th nay ngi ta bieu dien cac khoang m cua Thyristor va
Diode. Ta thay rang khi > /3 (H.II.8c) tren o th ton tai nhng khoang
m ong thi Thyristor va Diode c noi vi cung mot day quan th cap.
V du trong khoang
3
=< =<
4
, T
1
va D
1
c m ong thi. Trong
khoang nay phu tai b noi tat bi T
1
va D
1
va ien ap hai au phu tai U
d

= 0. Con khi < /3 (H.II.8b) tren o th khong ton tai nhmg khoang m
ong thi hai linh kien Thyristor va Diode c noi vi cung mot pha cua
nguon ien.
2.Cac thong so cua mach:
Gia tr trung bnh cua ien ap chnh lu:

2
0
2
1
t d
u u
d do

ma u
d
= u
M
- u
N

Trong khoang
1
=< =<
3
, T
1
m, u
M
= u
1

3
=< =<
5,
T
2
m, u
M
= u
2

5
=< =< 2, T
3
m, u
M
= u
3

Do o gia tr trung bnh cua u
M
la:
cos
2
3 3
2
3
2
3
6 / 5
6
3
1
u u u
u u
m m M
m M
t td Sin
t td Sin
= =
=
+
+

Vi :
1
= /6 +

2
=
1
+ 2 /3
Tng t
2
=< =<
4
, D'
3
m, u
N
= u
3


4
=< =<
6
, D'
1
m, u
N
= u
1

6
=< =< 2 D'
2
m, u
N
= u
2

Va 0 = < =<
2

Do o gia tr trung bnh cua u
N
la :
m
m m N
U t td Sin t td Sin
u u u
2
3 3
2
3
2
3
6
11
6
7
6
4
= = =

Vay :
) 1 (
2
3 3
Cos udo
u u
N M
+ = =

Khi thay oi t 0 en ta co the thay oi u
do
t ( 3 / 2 )u
m
en 0.
- ien ap ngc cc ai tren moi Thyristor hoac Diod.

u u
m ng
3
max
=

-Tr so trung bnh cua dong phu tai

( )
Cos
R R
u
u
I n
do
d
+ = = 1
2
3 3

- Tr so cc ai i
max
, tr so trung bnh i
o
, tr so hieu dung I cua dong
ien qua moi Thyristor hoac diode
V moi Thyristor hoac Diod dan trong 1/3 chu ky va khi m dong ien
qua no chnh la dong phu tai i
d
= I
d
nen :
3
3
max
I
I
i
I i
d
d
o
d
I =
=
=

-Tr so hieu dung cua dong ien th cap I
2
va cong suat S cua MBA.
Co hai trng hp e tn I
2
:
+ Khi < /3 ( H.II.8b) phu tai khong b ngan mach bi s m ong
thi cua Thyristor va diode c noi cung mot pha cua nguon.
Trong khoang
1
=< =<
3
, T
1
m dong th cap i
2
= I
d
,
Trong khoang
4
=< =< =, D'
1
m dong th cap i
2
= -I
d

3
Vay :
Id Udo
Cos
u S
thay
t d
d
t d
I
u
I
I I
I
I
I I
d
m
d
d
d
.
) 1 (
09 , 2
3
2
2
3 3
. 3 / 2
3
2
4 6 1 3
.
) 4 6 1 3 (
2
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
6
3
2
2
2
) (
+
= = =
=
= =
+ =
+ =

+ Khi > /3 (H.II.8c) th
4
= (7/6) <
3
= 5/6 +
Do o T
1
va D'
1
m ong thi trong khoang
4
=< =<
3
. Trong
khoang nay phu tai c noi tat qua T
1
va D'
1
va dong ien th cap i
2
=0
nen ta co:
+
=
+
=
= =
=
+ = =
+ = =
+ =
+ =

1
) 1 (
56 . 2
1
) 1 ( 6
2
1
2
3 3
. 1
6
5
3 ,
6
11
6
6
1 ,
6
7
4
.
) 3 6 1 4 (
2
1
2
1
2
2
4
1
6
3
2
2
2
) (
I u I
u
I
u
I
I I
I
I
I I
d do d
do
d
m
d
d
d
Cos
S
Cos
u S
thay
t d
d
t d
-He so cong suat cua mach th cap MBA:
Cos
2
= P
d
/S
-
) 1 (
1
1
39 . 0
1 56 . 2
1
1
1
56 . 2 3
) 1 ( 48 . 0
09 . 2
1
1
09 . 2
3
2
2
Cos
Cos
Cos
Cos Khi
Cos
Cos
Cos
Cos Khi
I u
I u
I u
I u
d do
d do
d do
d do
+
+
=
+
= >
+
+
=
+
= <

VII. Mot so mach ieu khien Thyristor tieu bieu:
1. Mach ieu khien Thyristor dung khau lech pha RC:

H.II.9a H.II.9b
Trong mach nay ngi ta dung khau lech pha RC e ieu khien goc
lech pha gia ien ap Anot cung cap cho Thyristor va ien ap ieu khien
U
GK
. That vay ien ap Anot U
a
c a vao cuon day s cap may bien
ap cua khau lech pha RC. Con ien ap ra cua khau nay c a en hai
cc G va K cua Thyristor qua ien tr R
G
va diot D. Do o na chu ky
dng cua ien ap ra U
OD,
dong ien ieu khien I
G
cung pha va t le vi
U
OD
. o th bien thien ien ap U
a
va dong ien i
G
nh hnh H.II.9b. Ta biet
la goc lech pha gia U
a
va i
G
co the c thay oi bang cach thay oi
ien tr R cua khau lech pha RC.
- u iem nhc iem cua mach
- u iem:
+ Mach n gian de lap rap
+ Linh kien de thay the
- Nhc iem:
+ Mach ch lam viec cac na chu ky dng
+ Khong lam viec trong cac na chu ky am
+ Kho ieu chnh khau lech pha RC
+ ien ap ieu khien ch thay oi theo chieu ngang

2. Mach ieu khien Thyristor dung ien ap mot chieu va khau lech
pha RC:

H.II.10
Cac ien tr R
1
, R
2
, R
G
dung e han che dong ieu khien I
G
va ien ap
ieu khien U
GK
hau nh khong oi. Trong mach nay (H.II.10) ngi ta
dung them mot nguon ien mot chieu E mac gia iem 0 cua khau lech
pha RC va cc K cua Thyristor. Do o ien ap cung cap cho mach ieu
khien Thyristor la:
U
K
= E + U
Do

Ngoai ra khau lech pha RC cua mach ien nay may bien ap c quan
sao cho ien ap th cap U
AB
ngc pha vi ien ap s cap U
a
va R = 1 / C
khong oi. Do o ien ap U
Do
co pha cham sau U
a
mot goc khong oi. =
arctg RC = 2 arctg1 = /2
Neu U
a
= U
am
Sin t th U
Do
= U
rm
Sin(t - /2 ) = -U
rm
Cost
Va U
k
= E + U
Do
= E - U
rm
Cost, con dong ien ieu khien I
G
co pha
trung vi U
K.

- u nhc iem cua mach
+ Mach ngian de lap rap
+ Linh kien de thay the
- Nhc iem:
+ Mach ch lam viec cac na chu ky dng
+ Goc m cham ch thay oi t 0 en 180
0

+ Kho ieu chnh khau lech pha RC
+ ien ap ieu khien U
K
ch thay oi theo chieu truc
thang ng.
2. Mach ieu khien Thyristor dung Transistor mot mat ghep (UJT):

H.II.11a H.II.11b
Mach H.II.11a Thyristor va Transistor mot mat ghep UJT c cung
cap ien t mot nguon ien xoay chieu chung Uac qua mot bo chnh lu
hai na chu ky D1, D2. ien ap ra bo chnh lu nay co dang nhap nho
nh H.II.11b. Sau o nh D
Z ,
ien ap U
d
c sang phang va ien ap U
a

cung cap cho Thyristor va Transistor UJT co dang nh ng cong
H.II.11b. Vi dang ien ap cung cap U
a
nh vay, trong moi na chu ky
cua ien ap Uac, Transistor mot mat ghep UJT co the m mot so lan,
nhng ch quan tam en hai lan m cua no.
- Lan m th nhat khi U
a
= 0
ien ap m cua UJT la U
M
= U
a

Khi U
a
= 0 th U
M
= 0, luc o tu C cha nap u, ap tren tu U
C
> U
M
. Khi
UJT m tu C xa ien qua T va R
1
. Khi xa het ien U
C
= 0 th UJT khoa lai,
tu C c nap va ap tren tu C tang ong thi vi ien ap U
a
. Lan m th
nhat nay T khong m v U
a
= 0, nhng no lam cho U
c
tang ong pha vi U
a
.
- Lan m th hai xay ra khi U
a
= U
Z
va tu ien c nap ien en U
c
=
U
M
= U
Z
. lan m nay tu C xa ien qua T va R
1
gay nen mot xung ien
ap U
G
cc khien G cua T va lam cho T m (U
a
= U
Z
> 0).
- u nhc iem cua mach.
+ Mach lam viec ca hai na chu ky.
+ Thay oi ngo ra bang chiet ap R.
+ Mach lam viec khong tuyen tnh.

3. Mach ieu khien Thyristor bang ien ap:
Tng t nh mach H.II.11a, ta thay transistor mot mat ghep UJT bang
hai transistor khac loai Q
3
va Q
4
(loai NPN va PNP), ong thi thay bien
tr chiet ap R bang tang khuech ai ap dung transistor Q
1
, Q
2
c ieu
khien bi bien tr thay oi ien ap mot chieu V
R
cac dang song ngo ra
cung tng t nh H.II.11b. Sau ay la s o nguyen ly cua mach:

H.II.12
+ Nguyen ly lam viec cua mach: Mach kch Thyristor (H.II.12) c
cung cap ien t nguon xoay chieu qua bo chnh lu hai na chu ky. ien
ap ngo ra cua mach la mot dang nhap nho, do o nh Diode Zener D
Z
san
phang ien ap nhap nho nay, ong thi ghim ap cho mach ieu khien lam
viec.
Tang khuech ai ap Q
1
lam viec c nh nguon U
k
thong qua bien tr
V
R
ieu chnh ien ap. Cac ien tr R
2
, R
6
phan cc cho chan C va E cua
tang khuech ai Q
1
lam viec. Con tang khuech ai thuc Q
2
lam tang ien
ap ngo vao e cung cap cho khoi tao xung Q
3
,Q
4
kch m Thyristor. Cac
ien tr R
4
, R
5
tao nen mot cau phan the cap ap cho tang tao xung hoat
ong. ien tr R
1
ong vai tro gii han dong cho mach ieu khien.
Hai Thyristor khac loai Q
3
(PNP) va Q
4
(NPN) trong mach H.1I.12 thay
the cho transistor mot mat ghep UJT (H.II.11a) e tao ra oan ac tnh
ien tr am. Khi mach c cap nguon Vcc th tu C c nap theo ham
mu:
U
c
= Vcc. (1 - e
- (
t / RC
)
)
-Khi U
A
> U
C
, mat tiep giap BE cua Q
3
phan cc nghch, co dong ngc
rat nho chay t A sang E.
-Khi U
c
>= U
m
th Q
3
chuyen sang lam viec vung khuech ai, dong
I
CQ3
tang dan en I
BQ4
tang, do o I
CQ4
tang theo. Dong I
CQ4
tang dan en
I
CQ3
tang na. Qua trnh hoi tiep dng c the phat trien va Q
3
, Q
4
chuyen
sang trang thai bao hoa mot cach nhanh chong. Luc nay ta nhan c mot
xung ra tren R
7
.
- u va nhc iem cua mach
+ Mach n gian de lap ghep
+ Mach lam viec ca hai na chu ky
+ Thay oi ngo ra ba ng ieu khien ien ap
+ Mach lam viec khong tuyen tnh
CHNG III
PHNG PHAP LOC PHANG IEN AP VA DONG IEN CHNH
LU
Bo loc la thiet b noi gia bo nguon chnh lu va phu tai. Chc nang
chung cua no la cho dong ien co tan so nao o i qua ma khong b suy
giam, ong thi lam suy giam manh dong ien tan so khac. e anh gia
mc o loc ngi ta xac nh he so nhap nho cua ien ap sau khi loc.
K
f
=k
nvao
/k
nra
: He so nhap nho
Trong o:
1
2
1
2
2
2
max
= =
n
u
n
u
u
u
k
do
do
do
n
nvao
la t so nhap nho ien ap
chnh lu a vao mach loc
Knra = U
nmaxra
/ U
do
: t so nhap nho ien ap ra khoi bo loc.
U
nmaxra
: Bien o thanh phan dao ong c ban ien ap ra cua bo loc.

Co ba phng phap loc phang ien ap va dong ien chnh lu:
I. Bo loc dung tu ien:
Xet s o chnh lu mot pha hai na chu ky co mach loc dung tu ien C
H.III.1a. Trong s o nay tu C mac song song vi phu tai. Do o ap tren
hai au phu tai U
d
= U
c

e de khao sat ta ch xet trng hp phu tai la thuan tr. ien ap th
cap cua MBA c chia lam hai na bang nhau nhng ngc pha nhau.
u
1
= - u
2
= u
m
Sin t
va co dang ng cong u
1
, u
2
( H.III.1b).
Gia s goc pha ban au (t = 0) tu co ap la U
c (0).
Suy ra U
c(o)
> u
1
= u
2
=
0.

H.III.1a H.III.1b
Do diode D
1
, D
2
khoa nen C xa ien qua R. Trong qua trnh xa ien U
c

giam dan, en thi iem t
1
tng ng vi goc pha
1
= t
1
, ien ap U
1
bat
au ln hn U
c
va D
1
m, dong ien i t iem 1 qua D
1
en M, sau o
chia lam hai dong ien:
i
R
= u
1
/ R = (u
m
/ R ). Sint qua R va
ic = C. ( du
1
/ dt ) = u
m
c Cost qua tu C va nap cho tu
ien. Ap tren tu C (U
c
) tang theo U
1
en thi iem t
2
tng ng vi goc
pha
2
= t
2
= /2, U
1
bat au giam va nho hn U
c
. Luc nay D
1
khoa va
tu C phong ien qua R.
Trong qua trnh phong ien U
c
giam dan, en thi iem t
3
tng ng vi
3
= t
3
, ap u
2
bat au ln hn U
c
va D
2
m, dong ien i t iem 2 qua
D
2
en M sau o chia lam hai dong ien:
i
R
= u
2
/ R qua R va
i
C
= C (du
2
/dt) qua tu C va nap cho tu ien. ien ap
tren tu C tang theo u
2
. en thi iem t
4
tng ng vi
4
= t = 3/2, u
2

giam xuong va nho hn hn U
C
, luc o D
2
khoa lai va tu C phong ien qua
R, trong qua trnh phong U
C
giam xuong. Sang chu ky sau qua trnh lap lai
nh chu ky va xet. T ly luan tren ta co o th bien thien cua U
d
nh
ng cong am net H.III.1b.
T o th H.III.1b, ta co: T / 2 = t
n
+ t
p

T : Chu ky ien ap xoay chieu can chnh lu.
t
n
: Thi gian nap tu C.
t
p
: Thi gian phong tu C.
Thong thng t
p
>> t
n
nen ta co the xem nh gan ung: t
p
T / 2
Mat khac ien lng cua tu C phong qua R trong thi gian phong t
p
:
Q
c
= C U
c
= I
R
t
p
= I
R
T/2
U
c
: Lng giam cua U
C
trong thi gian phong (U
c
= U
cmax
- U
cmin
)
I
R
: Gia tr trung bnh cua dong ien qua R
Suy ra U
c
= (1/2C) I
R
T
vi I
R
= U
do
/ R, T = 1/f
Suy ra U
c
= U
cmax
- U
cmin
= U
dmax
- U
dmin
= ( 1/ 2CRf) U
do

Trong o f : la tan so cua ien ap xoay chieu can chnh lu
U
do
: Gia tr trung bnh cua ien ap can chnh lu
T ay ta suy ra he so nhap nho cua ien ap chnh lu:

ncRf
K
2
1
=

Lu y rang ch so nhap nho cua s o chnh lu c xet la n = 2. Trong
trng hp dung tu ien C e loc trong s o chnh lu co ch so nhap nho
n, ta co: K = 1 / 2nCRf
Vi n va f khong oi th K cang nho neu R va C cang tang. Do o cach
loc bang tu ien C thng c dung khi phu tai co ie n tr ln.

II Mach loc dung ien cam:
Xet s o chnh l ba pha th cap co mach loc dung ien cam H.III.2a.
Trong s o nay L mac noi tiep vi phu tai. e de khao sat ta ch xet
trng hp phu tai la thuan tr. Dang ieu ap sau khi chnh lu c trnh
bay H.III.2b. ien ap nay co ch so nhap nho n = 3.

H.III.2a H.III.2b
Ta co U
d
= U
do
+ U
nmax
Cos3t
Vi :
u u
n
u do do n
udo 25 . 0
1
2
1
2
3
2 2 max
=
=
- oi vi thanh phan khong oi U
do
, tan so goc = 0, ien khang X
L
=
L
= 0, Tong tr mach loc va phu tai la Z = R
- Do o dong qua L va R do U
do
tao ra la: I
d
= U
do
/ R
- oi vi thanh phan dao ong U
nmax
Cos3t tao ra, ien khang X
L
=
3L, tong tr cua mach loc va phu tai la:
Z
L
R
= +
) 3 (
2
2

Do o dong qua L va R do U
nmax
Cos3t tao ra la:

R
L
arctg t Cos
L
R
u
i
n
n
3
), 3 (
) 3 (
2
2
max
=
+
=

Theo nguyen ly xep chong, dong qua L va R la:
i
d
= I
d
+ i
n

ien ap tren tai R sau khi loc:
), 3 (
max
2
2
) 3 (

+
+ = = t Cos R
u
L
R
R
u i u n do d R

Khi loc bang ien cam, thong thng chon L sao cho X
L
= 3L >> R
Trong trng hp o :
L Z
L
R

3
) 3 (
2
2
+ =


) 3 (
3
max
3

+ = t Cos
L
u u u n do R

Nh vay t so nhap nho trc khi loc la:
K
nvao
=U
nmax
/ U
do
= 0.25
T so nhap nho con lai sau khi loc la:
L
R
L
R
u
u
K
do
ra
3
25 . 0
3
max
= =

He so loc dung ien cam la:
R
L
K
K
K
nra
nvao
f
3
= =
Tong quat khi dung ien cam L e loc trong mach chnh lu co ch so
nhap nho la n:

R
L n
L n
R
K
K
K
n
K
n
K
nra
nvao
f
nra
nvao
= =
=
1
2
1
2
2
2

Ta thay rang R cang nho va L cang ln th he so loc K
f
cang ln va
hieu qua loc cang tot. Do o cach loc dung ien cam L thng c dung
khi phu tai co ien tr be.

III. Mach loc dung ien cam va tu ien:

H.III.3a H.III.3b
Xet s o mach chnh lu cau mot pha co mach loc dung ien cam va tu
ien (H.III.3a). Trong s o nay ien cam L mac noi tiep vi phu tai, con
tu C mac song song phu tai. e n gian ta xet phu tai la thuan tr.
o th ien ap c bieu dien H.III.3b. ien ap nay co ch so nhap nho
n =2, Ta co:
U
d
= U
do
+ U
nmax
Cos2t
Vi :
u u u
n
u
do do do n
3
2
1
2
1
2
2
2 2 max
=
=

- oi vi thanh phan khong oi U
do

X
L
= L = 0
X
C
= 1 / C =
Tong tr mach loc va phu tai Z = R.
Dong ien qua R va L do U
do
tao ra la I
d
= U
do
/R.
oi thanh phan dao ong U
nmax
Cos2t, X
L
= 2 L, X
C
=1/2C. Tong
tr phc cua mach loc va phu tai la:

X
X
X
C
C
L
j R
R j
j Z
+ =

Chon L va C sao cho X
L
= 2L > R >> X
C
= 1/ 2 C
ta co the xem gan ung
X
X
X
C
C
C
j
j R
R j

Z j X
L
- jX
C
jX
L
= j2L
Dong ien qua L do U
nmax
Cos 2t tao ra la:

) 2 (
2
90
0
max
= t Cos
L
u
i
n
n

Theo nguyen ly xep chong, dong qua L la:
i
d
= I
d
+ i
n

ien ap tren phu tai la:
) 2 (
2
.
180
0
max
+ = t Cos
L
R
C
n
d R
u
I u

Thay I
d
R = U
do
, X
C
= 1/2C, ta co :
) 2 (
4
180
0
2
max
+ = t Cos
LC
u
u u
n
do R

He so nhap nho ien ap trc khi loc:
K
nvao
= U
nmax
/ U
do
= 2/3
He so nhap nho cua ien ap sau khi loc:
K
nra
= U
nmax
/ 4
2
LC U
do
= 2 / (3*4
2
CL) = 1 / 6
2
LC
He so bo loc dung L va C la:
K
f
= K
nvao
/ K
nra
= 4
2
LC
Tong quat khi dung mach loc ien cam va tu ien trong s o chnh lu
co ch so nhap nho n ta co:

LC Kf
LC
n
K
K
n n
K
n
K
nra
nvao
nra
nvao
2 2
2 2 2
2
) ( 1
2
1
2
= =
=

CHNG IV
THIET KE VA THI CONG MACH IEU KHIEN THYRISTOR

I. Mot so yeu cau oi vi mach ieu khien:
1. Yeu cau ve o ln ien ap va dong ieu khien:
- Gia tr ln nhat khong vt qua tr so cho phep so tay tra cu.
- Gia tr nho nhat phai am bao m c Thyristor cung loai moi
ieu kien lam viec.
- Ton hao cong suat trung bnh tren cc khien phai nho hn gia tr cho
phep.
2. Yeu cau ve o rong xung ieu khien:
Da vao ac tnh Volt - Ampere cua Thyristor ta thay thi gian ton tai
xung ieu khien phai am bao cho dong qua Thyristor tang t 0 en I
thmax
.
Thong thng o rong xung ieu khien khong nho hn 5Ms. Neu tang o
rong xung ieu khien se cho phep giam nho bien o xung ieu khien.
3. Yeu cau ve o doc sn trc cua xung:
o doc sn trc cua xung cang cao th viec m Thyristor cang tot va
o nong cuc bo cua Thyristor cang giam, ma ac biet la trong mach co
nhieu Thyristor mac noi tiep hoac song song. Thong thng yeu cau o
doc sn trc cua day xung ieu khien la : di
k
/dt >= 0.1 (A/Ms)
4. Yeu cau ve o tin cay:
Mach ieu khien phai am bao lam viec tin cay trong moi hoan canh
nh: nhiet o, nguon tn hieu nhieu tang v.v Do o yeu cau:
- ien tr ra cua kenh ieu khien phai nho e Thyristor khong t m
khi dong ro tang.
- Xung ieu khien t phu thuoc vao dao ong nhiet o, dao ong ien
ap nguon, nhieu
- Can kh c nhieu cam ng ( cac khau so sanh, khoi cach ly ngo
ra ) e tranh m nham.
5. Yeu cau ve lap rap van hanh:
- Thiet b de thay the, de lap rap va ieu chnh.
- Cac khoi trong mach co kha nang lam viec oc lap.

II. Cac khoi mach ieu khien Thyristor:
Ta co s o khoi nh sau:


1. Khoi nguon: co nhiem vu cung cap nguon nang lng cho khoi cach
ly ngo ra lay t li ien xoay chieu co tan so f = 50 Hz.
2. Khoi cach ly ngo vao va ra:
Hai khoi nay lam nhiem vu cach ly mach ieu khien Thyristor vi phan
cong suat cua mach chnh lu khong dong t phan cong suat chay vao
phan ieu khien hay ngc lai. Cac khoi nay thng c s dung MBA
e cach ly.
3. Khoi ong bo : Co nhiem vu tao ra ong bo tn hieu, co hai cach
ong bo chnh, o la:
ong bo Cosin.
ong bo rang ca.
+ ong bo Cosin:
ien ap a vao mach tch phan, lam cho dang song lech i mot goc 90
o

va lay ien ap nay so sanh vi ien ap ieu khien. Ta co s o dong bo
Cosin H.IV.1a va o th ien ap H.IV.1b

H.IV.1a


H.IV.1b
Tao ong bo Cosin trong khoang t 0 en 180
o
,U
k
va U
b
n tr (ch cat
mot iem). Yeu cau ng vi moi gia tr cua t th co mot gia tr cua U.
Phng phap nay n gian nhng co o tin cay khong cao.
+ ong bo rang ca:
Phng phap ong bo rang ca la dung cac mach chc nang tao ra ien
ap rang ca e so sanh vi ien ap ieu chnh khoi so sanh pha sau.
Phng phap nay c dung rong rai trong cac mach ieu khien Thyristor.
. ong bo dung tu va Diod:
Ta co s o nguyen ly H.IV.2a va o th thi gian H. IV.2b

H.IV.2a H.IV.2b
. U
AC
: ien ap xoay chieu ong pha vi ien ap tren A-K cua SCR.
. U
DC
: Nguon ien ap mot chieu.
. U
C
= U
b
: ien ap ong bo lay ra.
- Khi U
AC
> 0 th D
1
, D
2
phan cc ngc, tu C c nap t nguon U
AC
qua R
1.

- Khi U
C
= U
AC
(tai t
2
) th tu C phong ien qua D
2
va R
2.

- Khi U
AC
< 0: D
1
dan, gia tr ap tren tu C chnh la U
AC
cho en khi
D
1
khoa.
- Khi I
AC
- I
DC
= 0 (tai t
1
) tu C bat au nap va lap lai chu ky mi.
- Goc kch nam trong khoang t
1
en t
2
va c xac nh.
= arcsin( U
AC(t1)
/U
ACmax
)
u iem: Mach n gian t linh kien, goc ieu chnh t 10
o
en 150
o

Nhc iem: De b sai lech do kho chnh nh hang so thi gian nap tu
chnh xac. Can phai co mach xac nh iem 0 ban au, ton hao cong suat
ln.
- ong bo dung Tu - Transistor:
Ta co s o nguyen ly H.IV.3a va o th ien ap H.IV.3b nh sau:

H.IV.3a H.IV.3b
- Khi U
AC
> 0 : Transistor T
1
b bao hoa
U
C
= U (U la sut ap tren T
1
)
- Khi U
AC
< 0 T
1
ngat, tu C c nap t nguon U
DC
qua R
1
va R
3

- Ta co t
nap
= (R
1
+ R
2
) CLn (1- U
C
/ U
DC
)
= ( R1 + R3 ) CLn (1 - U
k
/ U
DC
)
Chon R1 >> R3 sao cho t
nap
>> t
xa

U
k
: ien ap ieu khien
u nhc iem:
+ Mach n gian t linh kien, goc thay oi u rong, ton hao cong
suat khong ln.
+ Phai chnh nh hang so thi gian cua tu gia cac kenh kha phc
tap. co hien tng troi xung m theo tan so.
4. Khoi so sanh: Lam nhiem vu so sanh gia ien ap ong bo (rang
ca) vi ien ap ieu khien U
k
. e so sanh khoi nay co the dung
mach khuech ai thuat toan hoac Transistor. Trong trng hp
transistor th ien ap rang ca c a vao cc khien e so sanh vi
U
k
tai cc phat. Co cac linh kien chuyen dung vao chc nang nay
nh Transistor mot tiep giap (UJT: the unijunction Transistor), hay
transistor mot tiep giap lap trnh c (PUT).
5.Khoi tao dang xung: Co nhiem vu sa dang xung au ra cua bo so sanh
sao cho co o rong va bien o thch hp vi Thyristor can kch. Co the
chon dong kch ln, ien ap kch nho hoac ngc lai nhng phai am bao
cong suat tieu tan nho hn cong suat cho phep. o rong xung c quyet
nh bi thi gian dong qua Thyristor at en gia tr dong cai (tra trong so
tay nghien cu ng vi loai Thyristor s dung ).
Trong thc te mach tao xung thng s dung mach vi phan tn hieu xung
vuong t bo so sanh c a qua bo vi phan R-C bien oi thanh cac gai vi
phan co o rong can thiet. Sau o qua diod chan thanh phan gai am. Ta co
mach tao xung H.IV.4a va gian o xung H.IV.4b

H.IV.4a
H.IV.4b
- Goi t
x
la o rong xung : t
x
= = C ( R1 // R2 )
- Chon C = 0.47 - 0.1 MF
- Chon R
1
va R
2
se c o rong xung t
x
thch hp.

III. Tnh toan chon MBA mot pha:
1.Xac nh tiet dien thc cua loi sat ( So):
So = ( 0.9 0.93 ) S (mm
2
)
Vi S = a* b, chon a = 3mm, b = 5mm
Suy ra S = 5*3 = 15 mm
2

Vay So = 0.9 * 15 = 13.5 ( mm
2
)
Cong suat d tnh Pdt oi vi kch thc mach t So
Pdt = U
2
. I
2

Chon U
1
= 220 V, f = 50 Hz
U
2
= 15 V, I
2
= 1A
Vay Pdt = 15 *1 = 15 (VA )

2.Tnh so vong day moi volt : W

B 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
K 64 56 50 45 41 37.5 34.5 32.4 30
Chon B = 0.7 (Tesla), suy ra K = 64
Vay W = 64/13.5 = 4.7 vong /Volt
Chon W = 5 vong/ Volt.

3. Xac nh so vong day cua cuon s cap va th cap MBA: W1, W2
+ So vong day cuon s cap
W1 = W* U
1
= 5*220 =1100 vong
+So vong day cuon th cap
W2 = W (U
2
+ u
2
)
u
2
la o d tru ien ap tra theo bang sau:
P(VA ) 100 200 300 500 750 1000 1200 1500 >1500
J(A/mm
2
) 4.5 4 3.9 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2,5 2
Chon u
2
= 4.5%
Vay W
2
= 5 * (15 + 4.5%) = 75.225 vong.
Chon W
2
= 100 vong.

5. Xac nh tiet dien day quan:
- Tiet dien day quan s cap:
) (
2
1
2
1 mm
u
P
S
J
=
Chon hieu suat MBA: = 0.85 0.9
Mat o dong J chon theo ban di ay:
P ( VA ) 0 50 50 100 100 200 200 250 500 1000
J ( A /mm
2
) 4 3.5 3 2.5 2
Chon J = 4 (A / mm
2
)
Vay S
1
= 15 / (0.9*220*4) = 0.019 mm
2
0.02 (mm
2
)
+ Tiet dien day quan th cap:
S2 = I2/J = 1/4 = 0.25 ( mm
2
)
+ ng knh day s cap:
mm S
d
16 . 0 02 . 0 13 . 1 1 13 . 1
1
= = =
+ ng knh day th cap:

25 . 0 13 . 1 2 13 . 1
2
= = S
d

5. Kiem tra khoang trong cha day:
- So vong day s cap cho mot lp day: W
1lp

Chon loai day ong co trang e-may e
cd
= 0.03 0.08 mm
d
1cd
= d
1
+ e
cd
= 0.16 + 0.03 = 0.19 (mm)
Chon L = 50 mm
Vay
) / ( 16 , 262 1
19 . 0
50
1
11
1
lop vong
L
d
W
cd
lop
= = =

Chon W
1lp
= 260 vong/lp
- So lp day cuons cap

lop
W
W
N
lop
lop
23 . 4
260
1100
1
1
1
= = =

Chon N
1lp
= 4 lp.
- Be day cuon s cap:

1
=( d
1cd
* N
lp
) + e
cd
( N
1lp
- 1)

1
= ( 0.19 * 4 ) + 0.03 . (4 - 1) = 0.85 (mm)
- So vong day th cap cho mot lp day:
d
2cd
= d
2
+ e
cd
= 0.56 + 0.03 = 0.59 mm
W
2lp
= (L/d
2cd
) - 1 = 50 / 0.59 - 1 = 83.7 Vong / lp
Chon W
2lp
= 85 vong/lp
- So lp day cuon th cap:
N
2lp
= W
2
/ W
2lp
= 100 / 85 = 1,18 (lp)
Chon N
2lp
= 2 lp
- Be day cuon th cap:

2
= (d
2cd
* N
2lp
) + e
cd
(N
2lp
-1)

2
= (0.59 * 2) +0.03 ( 2-1) = 1.21(mm)
- Be day toan bo cua cuon day quan

T
= (1.1 - 1.25) . ( e
k
+
1
+
2
+
12
+e
n
)
chon e
k
= 1, e
12
= 0.3, e
n
= 0.5
=>
T
= 1.1 ( 1 + 0.85 +3 +0.3 + 1.21 + 0.5 ) = 4.25(mm)

IV. Tnh chon nguon chnh lu DC cung cap cho mach ieu
khien Thyristor:

H.IV.7a H.IV.7b
Mach chnh lu toan ky bon Diod D
1
,D
2
,D
3
,D
4
,c cung cap nguon
xoay chieu t li ien 220V co tan so f = 50 Hz, ha ap xuong pha th cap
U
2
nh H.IV.7a.
+ Nguyen ly hoat ong cua mach:
. Gia s ban ky au dng: Dong ien i t A qua D
1
, qua phu tai R, qua
D
3
va tr ve B. Vay trong ban ky nay D
1
,D
3
dan, con D
2
va D
4
ngat.
. Ban ky sau: Dong ien i t B qua D
2
qua R va qua D
4
tr ve A.
Dang song chnh lu nh H.IV.7b.
- ien ap trung bnh tren tai:
u t Sin
u u u u m m DC
9 . 0
2 2 2
2
2
0
= = = =

- ien ap hieu dung tren tai:
u t td
u
Sin u V
m
m rms
= = =

2
2
2 2
0
2

- Dong ien trung bnh tren tai:

R R
u
R
u
I
L L
m
L
DC
DC
u 9 . 0
2
= = =

- Chon diod cho mach chnh lu vi cac thong so sau:
+ Dong nh I
p
>= I
m

+ Dong trung bnh I
avg
>= I
DC
/ 2
+ ien ap ngc nh I
ng.max
>= U
m

Do o ta chon bon Diode loai N4007
+ Chon tu C = 470MF

V. Tnh chon may bien ap xung cho mach ieu khien:
Bien ap xung trong mach co nhiem vu cach ly ien the cao vi cc ieu
khien. Trnh t tnh toan nh sau:
- Chon vat lieu sat t 330 vi loi co dang E,I lam viec tren mot phan
ac tnh t hoa:
- Chon B = 0.7 T e tranh loi bien ap xung b bao hoa
- Tra bang chon H = 50 A/m (co khe h )
- T tham loi sat t

10
10
4
7
0
* 4 . 1
50 . 4
7 . 0
= =
H
B

- Chon s bo : l = 0.1 m
l
kh
= 0.01 mm = 10
-5
m (chieu dai khe h )
-T tham trung bnh cua sat t
10
10
10
3
4
5
* 8 . 5
* 4 . 1
1 . 0
1 . 0
=
+
=
+
=
l
lkh
l
tb

- The tch loi sat t :

B
I
E S tx
l Q V
tb
2
'
2
0
* * * * *
*
= =

Q : tiet dien loi sat
tx = 500Ms : o rong xung
S = 12% : o sut toc o
E = 12v : Nguon cung cap
I'
2
= 0.3 A : Dong th cap qui oi ve s cap

cm
V
V
2
2
6 7 3
32 , 13
3 . 0 * 12 * 15 . 0 500 * * 4 * * 8 . 5
7 . 0
10 10 10
=
=

Vay tiet dien loi sat Q = V / L = 13.32 / 0.1 = 1.332 cm
2

Da vao bang 5.5 sach "ien t cong suat ln (Nguyen Bnh)" ta chon
loi E,I (12 x 6)
Q = 1.63 cm
2

a = 1.2 cm
c = 1.2 cm
b = 1.35 cm
h = 3 cm
H = 4.2 cm
B = 1.6 cm
C = 4.8 cm

H.IV.9
- So vong day cuon s cap MBA

BKQ
E
t
W
x
=
1

K = 0.76 : He so lap ay

69
* 63 . 1 * 76 . 0 * 7 . 0
* 500 * 12
.....
10
10
4
6
1
= =

W
Suyra

Chon t le 1:1 nen W
2
= W
1
= 69 vong
- ng knh day quan s cap bang ng knh day quan th cap

J
I
d d
'
2
2 1
13 . 1 = =

Chon mat o dong ien J = 5A/ mm
2
(do MBA lam viec ngan han lap
lai)
mm Suyra
d d
27 . 0
5
3 . 0
13 . 1 ....
2 1
= = =
Chon d
1
= d
2
= 0.2 mm. Vi J la mat o dong ien.

VI. S o nguyen ly va tnh toan linh kien cho mach ieu khien mot
pha dung Thyristor:
1. S o nguyen ly:
Nh chung em a gii thieu trong chng II, mach ieu khien Thyristor
co nhieu loai, moi mach eu co u nhc iem khac nhau. Vay em quyet
nh chon mach ieu khien Thyristor bang ien ap e thi cong bi v:
+ Mach n gian, gon nhe ch can thay oi bien tr V
R
e thay oi goc
kch .
+ Mach lam viec on nh, t nguy hiem.
+ Gia thanh tng oi re, co tnh thc te cao.

H.IV.10
2. Ket noi mach ieu khien vi cac mach chnh lu nh sau:
a) Ket noi mach mot pha:

H.IV.11 H.IV.12
H.IV.11 la mach chnh lu mot pha mot na chu k, H.IV.12 la
mach chnh lu mot pha hai na chu k.

H.IV.13

H.IV.14
H.IV.13 la s o chnh lu cau mot pha bat oi xng, H.IV.14 la s o
chnh lu cau mot pha oi xng,
b) Ket noi mach ba pha:

H.IV.15
Cac iem ghi cac so 1, 2, 3, 4 va ch G tren mach ieu khien la nhng
iem noi vao cac iem va ch so ghi cac s o chnh lu tung ng.
Vi cac mach ieu khien va chnh lu tren, nhng v thi gian, kien thc
va kinh te co han, nen em ch thi cong ba modul cua mach ieu khien va
ba s o chnh lu la s o chnh lu mot pha mot na chu ky, chnh lu
cau mot pha khong oi xng va chnh lu cau ba pha khong oi xng.

6. Tnh toan cac linh kien cho mach ieu khien ( H.IV.10)
Chon D
1
, D
2
la diode loai N4007
D
2
= 15 V , I
2
= 500mA
Chon xung ngo ra tren G co:
U
G
= 10 V
I
G
= 150 mA
R
7
= U
G
/ I
G
= 20 / 150*10
-3+
R
7
= 66
Do Q
3
,Q
4
lam viec che o bao hoa nen ap tai A la V
A
= U
G
= 10V
Ta co V
cc
= V
A
( R
4
+ R
5
) / R
4

Chon R
4
= R
5
= 10 K
V
cc
= 10*2 =20 V
DC

Vay ien ap th cap MBA

VAC
V
u
15
2
20
2
=

+ Tnh tang khuech ai Q
1
,Q
2

Chon ien the cc E cua Q
1
,Q
2
( so vi at ) la V
E1
= 1V
Gia s Q
1
, Q
2
eu co V
BE
= 0.6 V. Do o:
V
B1
= V
E1
+ V
BE1
= 1 + 0.6 = 1.6V
Chon V
CE1
= V
CE2
= 4 V
Taco V
C1
= V
CE1
+ V
E1
= 4 +1 = 5 V
V
E2
= V
B2
- V
BE2
= 5 - 0.6 =4.4 V (V
B2
= V
C1
)
V
C2
= V
E2
+ V
CE2
= 4.4 + 4 = 8.4 V
Chon dong qua chan C cua Q
1
la:
I
C1
= 50 mA , = 120
Suy ra R
2
= ( V
cc
-V
c1
) / I
C1
= (20 -5 )/50mA = 300
Chon : R
2
= 330
Chon dong qua chan C cua Q
2
la:
I
C2
= 100mA, = 100
) ( 136
100
4 . 8 20
....
2
1
3
=
=
mA
I
V V
R
c cc

Chon : R
3
= 220
+ Cong suatcc ai ri tren cc C cua Q
1
va Q
2
la:
P
C1
= I
C1
* V
C1
= 50mA * 5V =250 mW
P
C2
= I
C2
* V
C2
= 100mA * 8.4V =840 mW
Nh vay ta chon Q
1
,Q
2
co cac thong so sau:
Chon Q
1
la 2SC828 (loai NPN) co:
Ic =50 mA
= 130 520 mA
I
B
= 50 /120 = 0.42 mA
Pc = 400 mW
V
CBO
= 30 V
V
EBO
= 7 V
Tj =150
o
C
Chon Q
2
la 2SD468
Ic =1 mA
= 85 240 mA
I
B
= 1 /100 = 10 mA
Pc = 900 mW
V
CBO
= 25 V
V
EBO
= 5V
Tj = 150
o
C
Theo s o tng ng cua UJT c thay the bi hai Transistor khac
loai ta chon:
Q
3
la loai 2SA1015 (PNP) co:
Ic = -150 mA
= 70 240 mA
Pc = 400 mW
V
CBO
= -50 V
V
EBO
= -5 V
Tj =125
o
C
Q
4
la loai 2SC1815 (NPN) co:
Ic = 150 mA
= 70 700 mA
Pc = 400 mW
V
CBO
= 50 V
V
EBO
= 5 V
Tj =125
o
C
Chon ien tr gii han R
1
= 4.7K ,5W
C = 0.1 F,600V
Chon bien tr ieu chnh V
R
= 10 K
+ Tnh chon R
6

U
k
= I
B1
*V
R
+ V
BE1
+ I
E1
R
6

Xem I
E1
I
C1
= 50V
U
k
= 8 .5V
Trng hp bien tr V
R
gia tr Max tc V
R
= 10K th :
=

=

= 74
50
10 * 42 . 0 6 . 0 5 . 8
1
1 1 1
6
mA
k mA
I
V I V u
R
C
R B BE dk

Trng hp bien tr V
R
v tr min tc la V
R
=0
=

=

= 158
50
0 * 42 . 0 6 . 0 5 . 8
1
1 1 1
6
mA
k mA
I
V I V u
R
C
R B BE dk

T hai trng hp tren chon R
6
= 220 ,R
9
= R
10
= 15
V
R2
=10 K

Vi cac gia tr tnh toan nh tren mach ieu khien c ve lai nh sau:


H.IV.10
7. Thiet ke mach in cho mach ieu khien (H.IV.10)
S o mach in c chung em thiet ke nh sau:
5. Tien hanh lap rap mach:
Sau khi thc hien cong tac cho mach chay th tren Testboard, chuan b
linh kien va mach in, cong tac lap rap c tien hanh nh sau:
-Ve mach in va ngam mach vao hoa chat.
-Dung Ohm ke e kiem tra cac ng noi tren mach in.
-Tien hanh rap va han chan linh kien.
-Tien hanh han day cap nguon thong qua MBA, ha ap pha th cap con
15V
DC
- Th mach va ieu chnh khi can thiet.
- Lap rap mach vao vo hop.
- Hoan chnh nhng phan con lai.

VII.S o nguyen ly mach ieu khien ba pha hnh tia hay ba pha bat oi
xng dung Thyristor:
Cach tnh chon linh kien cho mach ieu khien loai nay cung tng t nh
mach ieu khien mot pha, va ta co s o nguyen ly nh (H.VII).
Nh vay e ieu khien mach chnh lu cau mot pha bat oi xng ta ch
dung mot modul e ieu khien. Con oi vi mach chnh lu ba pha hnh tia
hay mach chnh lu cau ba pha bat oi xng ta phai s dung ca ba modul
e ieu khien.

VIII. Hng phat trien cua e tai:
V ly do thi gian va kinh te co han cho nen em ch gii han thi cong ba
modul va khong co s dung may bien ap xung. e ieu khien c cac
mach chnh lu cau mot pha va ba pha oi xng dung Thyristor ta phai thi
cong tat ca sau modul co s dung may bien ap xung e cach ly ien ap
gia ngo vao va ngo ra cua mach ieu khien.
PHAN C
KET LUAN
e tai ' THIET KE VA THI CONG MOT MO HNH MACH KCH
THYRISTOR TRONG THIET B CHNH LU CO IEU KHIEN "
la mot e tai va mang tnh ly thuyet, va co y ngha thc tien trong san
xuat. V vay trong tap luan an nay trnh bay cac phng phap m, khoa
Thyristor va mot so mach ieu khien cung vi mach chnh lu dung
Thyristor mot pha cung nh ba pha.
Di s hng dan cua thay Nguyen Xuan Khai cung vi quyet tam
va no lc cua ban than, chung em a hoan thanh nhiem vu c giao.
Qua tap luan an nay, no a giup em bc au tap s, lam quen vi cong
viec ngi ky s, ong thi biet c cach thc hien viec thiet ke mot mo
hnh mach ieu khien Thyristor bang ien ap. Tuy nhien do thi gian, trnh
o va kinh nghiem co han nen tap luan an nay con nhieu thieu sot.
Sau cung, e ket thuc nhng trang cuoi cung cua tap luan an nay, em
xin gi en thay Nguyen Xuan Khai va cac thay co trong khoa ien -
ien T li cam n chan thanh nhat v a tan tnh giup em hoan thanh
tap luan an ung thi han.

TPHCM 3- 2000
Sinh Vien Thc Hien

Nguyen Van Hien

Luan Van Gioi Thieu Thyrstor

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