N MN HC

Mn: Thng Tin Di ng

Gio vin hng dn:Th.S. Nguyn c Thin
H v tn SV:Phan Thch Chung + Lu Vn nh + Nguyn Quang Huy +
Nguyn Quang V
ti: Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
DANH MC CC K T VIT TT
3G : Third Generation
3GPP: 3rd Generation Partnership Project
16 QAM : 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
AMC: Adaptive Modulation and Coding
ARQ: Automatic Repeat Request
BCCH: BroadCast Control Channel (logic channel)
BCH: BroadCast Channel (transport channel)
BER: Biit Error Rate
DCCH: Dedicated Control Channel (logic channel)

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

DPCCH: Dedicated Physical Control Channel

DPCH: Dedicated Physical Channel
DPDCH: Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DTCH: Dedicated Traffic Channel
EDGE: Enhansed Data Rates for GSM Evolution
FDD: Frequency Division Multiple Access
GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications
H-ARQ: Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
HS-DPCCH: Uplink High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel
HS-DSCH: High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel
HS-PDSCH: High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
HS-SCCH: High-Speed Shared Control Channel
HSPDA: High Speed Downlink Packet Access
ITU: Internation Telecommunication Union
MAC: Medium Access Control
MAC-HS: Hight-Speed MAC

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

Node-B: Base Station

SAW: Stop And Wait
TTI: Transmission Time Interval
UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
WCDMA: Wideband CDMA

1.T VN :
Thng tin di ng l ngnh cng nghip vin thng pht trin nhanh nht vi con
s thu bao di ng t gn vi dn s th gii 7 t ngi. Khi ngun t dch v
thoi t tin phc v mt s t ngi di chuyn, n nay vi s ng dng ngy
cng rng ri cc thit b thng tin di ng th h ba, thng tin di ng c th
cung cp nhiu loi hnh dch v i hi tc s liu cao k c cc chc nng
camera, MP3 v PDA. Vi cc dch v i hi tc ngy cng tr nn ph bin
th nhu cu v 3G cng nh pht trin n ln 4G ngy cng tr nn cp thit.
HSDPA l mt phng thc truyn ti d liu theo phng thc mi. y c
coi l dng sn phm 3.5G, cng ngh ny cho php d liu download v my
in thoi c tc tng ng vi tc ng truyn ADSL. HSDPA (High

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

Speed Downlink Packet Access), gi ng truyn tc cao, l mt sn phm

ca cng ngh 3G cho php cc mng hot ng trn h thng UMTS c kh
nng truyn ti d liu vi tc cao hn hn. Cng ngh HSDPA hin nay cho
php tc download t n 1.8, 3.6, 7.2 v 14.4 Mbit/giy, v trong tng lai
gn, tc hin nay c th c nng ln gp nhiu ln. Khi , cc mng cung
cp c th c nng cp thnh Evolved HSPA, cho php tc download t
n 42 Mbit/giy. Vi nhng u th vt tri , HSDPA ang tr thnh mt
cng ngh c nhiu nh cung cp quan tm pht trin.
LTE (vit tt ca cm t Long Term Evolution, c ngha l Tin ha di hn),
cng ngh ny c coi nh cng ngh di ng th h th 4 (4G, nhng thc
cht LTE mi ch c coi nh 3.9G). 4G LTE l mt chun cho truyn thng
khng dy tc d liu cao dnh cho in thoi di ng v cc thit b u cui
d liu. N da trn cc cng ngh GSM/EDGE v UMIT/HSPA, LTE nh s
dng k thut iu ch mi v mt loi cc gii php cng ngh khc nh lp lch
ph thuc knh v thch nghi tc d liu, k thut a anten tng dung lng
v tc d liu. Cc tiu chun ca LTE c t chc 3GPP (D n i tc th
h th 3) ban hnh v c quy nh trong mt lot cc ch tiu k thut ca
Phin bn 8 (Release 8), vi nhng ci tin nh c m t trong Phin bn 9.
Dch v LTE thng mi u tin trn th gii c hng TeliaSonera gii thiu
Oslo v Stockholm vo ngy 14/12/2009. LTE l hng nng cp t nhin cho
cc sng mang vi cc mng GSM/UMTS, nhng ngay c cc nh mng da
trn cng ngh CDMA nh Verizon Wireless (hng ny khai trng mng
LTE quy m ln u tin Bc M vo nm 2010), v hng KDDI Nht cng
tuyn b h s chuyn ln cng ngh LTE. Do LTE c d kin s tr thnh

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

tiu chun in thoi di ng ton cu thc s u tin, mc d vic s dng

cc bng tn khc nhau ti cc quc gia khc nhau s yu cu in thoi di ng
LTE phi lm vic c cc bng tn khc nhau ti tt c cc quc gia s dng
cng ngh LTE.
2. GII THIU V CNG NGH HSDPA (3.5G)
2.1 Tng quan v HSDPA
Mc d cng ngh 3G WCDMA hin nay cho php tc c d liu gi ln n
2Mbps. Tuy nhin, cc tiu chun thit k h thng WCDMA c mt s hn ch
nh:
Khng tn dng cc u th ca d liu gi vn rt ph bin i vi ng
trc hu tuyn
Thit k dch v 2Mbps hin nay l khng hiu qu v cng cha p ng
c nh cu s dng dch v s liu hin nay
Khng th x l tc d liu cao ln n 10Mbps
Do , R5 tip tc c pht trin khc phc nhng hn ch ny. R5 l s
pht trin quan trng ca mng v tuyn 3G k t khi WCDMA c chp nhn
l cng ngh mng v tuyn 3G t nm 1997 vi cc tnh nng k thut ca cng
ngh HSDPA gm:

Tng ng vi CDMA2000 1xEV (HDR)

iu ch v m ha thch ng
Sng mang tc d liu cao (HDRC) trong bng tn 5MHz
64 QAM h tr tc nh tng ng 7.2 Mbps
M Turbo

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

 Kh nng sa li gn vi gii hn l thuyt

ARQ ghp thch ng
T ng thch ng lien tc theo iu kin knh bng cch ghp chn thm
thng tin khi cn
S dng AMC khi c kt hp vi HARQ nhm ci thin dung lng
thng tin khi cn.
Cc k thut c s dng cho php HSDPA h tr tc 10 Mbps
Trong mt h thng d liu v thoi c tch hp vi ngoi s dng
thoi (12.2 Kbps) ti khong 30 Erl/sector v thng lng sector ca d
liu vn khong 1 Mbps.
HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) truy cp gi ng xung
tc cao, l gii php mang tnh t ph v mt cng ngh v c pht
trin trn c s ca h thng 3G WCDMA, c ti u ho cho cc ng dng
d liu chuyn mch gi. Cng ngh HSDPA hin nay cho php tc
download t n 1.8 Mbps, 3.6 Mbps, 7.2 Mbps v 14.4 Mbps, v trong
tng lai gn, tc hin nay c th c nng ln s dng tt hn. Cc thu
bao dch v HSDPA c th nhn email vi tp tin nh km mang dung lng
ln, lt web hoc ti v cc tp tin a phng tin hoc vn bn nhanh hn
bao gi. Mc d c th truyn ti bt c dng d liu no, song mc tiu ch
yu ca HSDPA l d liu dng video v nhc.
Khi nim HSDPA c pht trin da trn cng ngh W-CDMA, s dng
cc phng php chuyn i v m ha d liu khc. N to ra mt knh
truyn d liu bn trong W-CDMA c gi l HS-DSCH (High Speed
Downlink Shared Channel), knh chia s ng xung tc cao. Knh
truyn ti ny hot ng hon ton khc bit so vi cc knh thng thng v
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

cho php thc hin download vi tc vt tri. V y l mt knh chuyn

dng cho vic download. iu cng c ngha l d liu s c truyn
trc tip t ngun n in thoi. Song qu trnh ngc li, tc l truyn d
liu t in thoi n mt ngun tin th khng th thc hin c khi s dng
cng ngh HSDPA. Cng ngh ny c th c chia s gia tt c cc ngi
dng c s dng sng radio, sng cho hiu qu download nhanh nht.
Ngoi ra HSDPA cn s dng iu ch v m ha thch ng (Adaptive
Modulation and Coding), HARD nhanh (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request),
v lp lch gi (Packet Scheduling) nhanh. Nhng tnh nng ny c phi
hp cht ch v cho php thch ng cc tham s truyn dn theo mi khong
thi gian TTI nhm lin tc hiu chnh s thay i ca cht lng knh v
tuyn.
2.2 Nhng ci tin quan trng ca HSDPA so vi WCDMA
Trong WCDMA, iu khin cng sut nhanh nhm gi n nh cht lng tn
hiu nhn c (Eb/No) bng cch tng cng sut pht nhm chng li s suy
hao ca tn hiu thu c. iu ny s to ra cc gi tr nh trong cng sut
pht v tng nn nhiu a truy cp, do s lm gim dung lng ca ton
mng. Hn th na, s hot ng ca iu khin cng sut yu cu lun lun
phi m bo mt mc d tr nht nh trong tng cng sut pht ca Node
B thch ng vi cc bin i ca n. Loi b c iu khin cng sut s
trnh c cc hiu ng tng cng sut k trn cng nh khng cn ti d tr
cng sut pht ca t bo.

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

Tuy nhin, khng s dng iu khin cng sut, HSDPA yu cu cc k thut

thch ng lin kt khc thch ng cc tham s tn hiu pht nhm lin tc
bm theo cc bin thin ca knh truyn v tuyn.
Mt trong nhng yu cu thch ng lin kt s c cp trong khun kh
bi n mn hc ny c gi l iu ch v gii m thch ng - AMC.
Vi k thut AMC, iu ch v t l m ha c thch ng mt cch lin tc
vi cht lng knh thay cho vic hiu chnh cng sut. truyn dn s dng
nhiu m Walsh cng c s dng trong qu trnh thch ng lin kt. S kt
hp ca hai k thut thch ng lin kt trn thay th hon ton k thut h
s tri ph bin thin trong WCDMA do kh nng thch ng chm i vi s
bin thin ca ttruyn dn v tuyn tc cao.
Do HSDPA khng cn s dng iu khin cng sut vng kn, phi ti thiu
ha s thay i ca cht lng knh v tuyn trong mi khon thi gian TTI,
vn ny c thc hin nh vic gim rng ca TTI t 10ms
WCDMA xung cn 2ms HSDPA. Vi s b sung k thut HARQ nhanh,
n cn cho php pht li mt cch nhanh nht cc block d liu b mt
hoc b li v kh nng kt hp vi thng tin mm ln pht u tin vi cc
ln pht li sau .
thu thp c thng tin v thng tin cht lng knh hin thi cho cc
php k thut thch ng lin kt v lp lch gi theo di gim st mt cch
lin tc cc iu khin v tuyn hin ti ca thu bao di ng, lp iu khin
trung gian MAC th lm nhim v gim st knh nhanh cho php b lp lch
gi nhanh v c tnh chia s theo thi gian ca knh HS-DSCH v bn cht

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

c th xem nh phn tp la chn a ngi dng vi nhng li ch to ln i

vi vic ci thin thng lng ca t bo. Vic chuyn dch chc nng lp
lch n Node B l thay i chnh v kin trc nu so snh vi phin bn R99
ca WCDMA.
2.3 Nguyn l hot ng ca HSDPA
HSDPA gm cc gii php:

Thc hin an xen thi gian truyn dn ngn TTI = 2ms

M ha v iu ch thch ng AMC
Truyn dn a m, lp vt l tc cao L1
Yu cu lp li H-ARQ

Trong gii php HSDPA, thit b sp xp gi tin s c chuyn t b iu khin

mng v tuyn NC ti Node-B nhm gip ngi s dng d dng truy nhp vo
cc chc nng thng k giao din v tuyn. K thut sp xp gi tin tin tin s
gip iu chnh c tc d liu ngi s dng sao cho thch hp vi cc
iu kin knh v tuyn tc thi.
Trong qu trnh kt ni, thit b ngi s dng (UE) s nh k gi mt ch th
cht lng knh CQI ti Node-B cho bit tc d liu no (bao gm k thut
iu ch v m ha, s lng cc m s dng) m thit b ny c th h tr
khi cc iu kin v tuyn hin thi. ng thi, UE gi mt bo co xc nhn
(Ack/Nack) ng vi mi gi gip cho Node-B bit c im lp li qu trnh
truyn d liu. Cng vi chc nng thng k cht lng knh tng ng cho
tng UE trong mt cell, thit b sp xp gi tin s thc hin sp xp cc gi ca
cc UE mt cch cng bng.
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

Hnh 1. Nguyn l lp biu ca Node-B HSDPA

Vn chng ta cn quan tm l cht lng knh ng truyn ca mi ngi
s dng c lp v cch xc nh n. V d nh: t l cng sut k hiu trn tp
nhiu (t s Es/No), cht lng b tch UE. Node-B c th c lng tc d
liu c h tr cho mi UE bng cch gim st cc lnh iu khin cng sut
pht theo chu k mt gi tr ch th cht lng knh (CQI - Channel Quanlity
Indicator) c th ca HSDPA trn knh iu khin vt l dnh ring tc cao
(HS-DPCCH) ng ln, knh ny cng mang c thng tin bo hiu chp nhn/
khng chp nhn (Ack/Nask) dng gi da trn L1 cho mi knh lin kt. Khi
c tnh c cht lng knh, h thng chia s ti nguyn m v cng sut
HS-DSCH gia ngi s dng khc nhau.

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

10

Hnh 2. X l u tin trong b lp biu

Lp iu khin truy nhp mi trng (MAC Medium Access Control) c t
ti Node-B, do cho php truy nhp nhanh hn ti cc gi tr o lng tuyn
kt ni, lp lch gi hiu qu hn v nhanh hn, cng nh c th kim sot cht
lng QoS cht ch hn. So snh vi k thut DMA truyn thng, knh HSDSCH khng thc hin vi iu kin cng sut pht nhanh v h s tri ph c
nh. Bng cch s dng k thut m ha Turbo tc thay i, iu ch 16
QAM, cng nh hot ng m m rng, knh HS-DSCH h tr tc d liu
nh t 120 Kbps ti hn 10Mbps. Qu trnh iu ch v m ha thch ng c
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
11

bn c mt di ng khong 20dB, v c m rng hn na s a m kh

dng.

Hnh 3. Thch ng ng truyn

2.4 Cu trc HSDPA
2.4.1 M hnh giao thc HSDPA
Trong cu trc HSDPA, thit b sp xp cc gi tin s c chuyn t b iu
khin nhp mng v tuyn RNC ti Node-B nhm gip ngi s dng d dng
truy nhp vo cc chc nng thng k giao din v tuyn. K thut sp xp gi
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
12

tin tin tin s gip iu chnh c tc d liu ngi s dng sao cho thch
hp vi cc iu kin knh v tuyn tc thi.
Nu nh tt c cc knh truyn ti theo kin trc R99, chng u chm dt ti
RNC th knh HS-DSCH li chm dt ngay ti Node-B nhm mc ch iu
khin knh HS-DSCH, lp MAC-HS (lp iu khin truy cp trung gian tc
cao), s iu khin cc ti nguyn ca knh ny v nm ngay ti Node-B. Do ,
cho php nhn cc bn tin v cht lng knh hin thi c th tip tc theo
di gim st cht lng tn hiu cho thu bao tc thp. V tr ny ca MACHS ti Node-B cng cho php kch hot giao thc HARQ t lp vt l, n gip
cho cc qu trnh pht trin li din ra nhanh hn.
c bit hn, lp MAC-HS chu trch nhim qun l chc nng HARQ cho mi
user, phn phi ti nguyn HS-DSCH gia tt c cc MAC-D thoe s u tin ca
chng (v d nh lp lch gi), v la chn khun dng truyn ti thch hp cho
mi TTI (v d nh thch ng lin kt). Cc lp giao din v tuyn nm trn
MAC khng thay i so vi kin trc Relase 99 bi v HSDPA ch tp trung vo
vic ci tin truyn ti ca cc knh logic.
Lp MAC-HS cng lu gi d liu ca user c pht qua giao din v tuyn,
iu to ra mt s thch thc i vi vic ti u ha dung lng b nh
m ca Node-B.
2.4.2 Cu trc knh

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

13

Ti nguyn chng ca ngi s dng trong t bo bao gm cc b m ha

knh v cng sut pht. Khi nim HSDPA c gii thiu bao gm mt s knh
vt l thm vo:
Knh vt l chia s ng xung tc cao HS-PDSCH (High Speed
Physical Downlink Shared Channel)
Knh iu khin vt l HS-DPCCH (HS- Physical Control Channel)
2.4.2.1 Knh vt l chia s ng xung tc cao (HS-PDSCH)
Trong knh ny thi gian v m ha c chia s gia nhng ngi s dng gn
lin vi Node-B. y l c cu truyn ti cho cc knh logic c thm vo:
Knh chia s ng xung tc cao HS-DSCH (HS Downlink Shared
Channel)
Knh iu khin chia s tc cao HS-SCCH (HS Shared Control
Channel)
Nhng ti nguyn m ha HS-DSCH gm c mt hoc nhiu b m nh hng
vi h s phn b c nh SF 16. Phn ln 15 b m ny c th phn b cho
nhng yu cu v truyn dn d liu v iu khin. Cc ti nguyn m ha sn
sng c chia s ch yu trong min thi gian nhng n c th chia s ti
nguyn m ha bng cch dng m ha a thnh phn. Khi c thi gian v b m
c chia s , t hai n bn ngi s dng c th chia s ti nguyn m ha
trong cng mt TTI.

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

14

c tnh quan trng ca knh HS-DSCH l tnh linh ng ca ngun c chia

s trong khong thi gian rt ngn 2ms. Khi d liu ngi dng c t trn
knh HS-DSCH, chng lin tc c gi i khe thi gian 2ms .
Ngc li, vi phin bn R99 ca WCDMA cn c thm khong DTX khong
truyn gin on nm trn khe DPDCH, n c tc dng lc nhiu trn ng
truyn nhng khng th t c tc ln nht. V R99 ra i vi mc tiu
chnh l tng dung lng h thng cho cc dch v thoi so vi h thng 2G
(GSM) m thi ch cha s t t c nhng yu cu v k vng i vi dichj
v s liu v tc h tr d liu cn thp (khong 384 kbps). i vi dch v
thoi th chng ta bit, ngun ti nguyn (m, cng sut, nhiu) yu cu
truyn dn dch v ny l khng thay i (do tc truyn dn l khng thay
i) do iu khin cng sut thc s hiu qu v n gim nhiu MAI lm cho
dung lng knh thoi knh thoi m h thng c th p ng trn mt n v ti
nguyn v tuyn tng ln.
Tuy vy khi trin khai cc dch v s liu (File Tranfer, Internet Access, E-mail,
) chng ta thy rng c th ca nhng dch v ny l yu cu ngun ti
nguyn rt ln v trong khong mt thi gian ngn. V d nh nu truy nhp vo
mt trang web no th cng mt lc ni dung vn bn v hnh nh ca ni
dung trang website cn truyn n my u cui trong mt khong nht nh.
Sau khi ni dung trang web download v my u cui th thng thng
ngi s dng s xem ni dung v khng truy nhp ti nguyn h thng na.
Nhng dch v m yu cu ngun ti nguyn ln v trong khong thi gian ngn
nh vy trong k thut ngi ta gi chung mt tn l bursty data service.

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

15

Vi knh HS-DSCH trong HSDPA th ngi ta cp pht 15 m tri ph vi h s

tri 16 dng chung gia cc my trong cng 1 sector. Cc my c cp pht
ti nguyn trong tng khong thi gian nht nh (TDM). B scheduler s cp
pht ti nguyn: bao nhiu m tri ph, cng sut l bao nhiu ph thuc vo yu
cu dch v, trng thi knh ca user .

Hnh 4. Kch thc khi truyn ti ph thuc vo m s nh knh cho QPSK v

16 QAM.
Nh hnh v trn, ti khong thi gian u tin User 1 c trng thi knh tt nn
b scheduler a ra quyt nh cp pht ti nguyn cho User ny. Khi quyt
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
16

nh cp pht ti nguyn cho User 1 ny k thut thch ng cng c p dng.

nu trng thi knh ca User lc ny tt v nhu cu v tc truyn dn ln th
my pht c th dng iu ch 16-QAM hoc m knh vi t l m ln hn
truyn dn v User 2 c trng thi knh tt hn nh trn hnh v. Bng vic cp
pht ti nguyn ng, kt hp vi k thut thch ng (ACM) chng ta c th thy
rng knh truyn dn chng lun c cht lng knh mc tt c th hin
ng nt t trn hnh v.
Ngoi d liu ngi s dng, Node-B cn thc hin truyn dn bo hiu iu
khin nhm thng bo sp xp cho ngi dng k tip. Bo hiu ny c sp
xp trong knh iu khin chia s tc cao (HS-SCCH), l knh dng chung
cho cc ngi s dng, v n c thc hin bng cch truyn dn hai khe thi
gian HS-SCCH TTI. Knh HS-SCCH mang nhng thng tin sau:
Mt l ID ca nhng ngi dng c trng UE. Nhim v chnh ca mt
l l xc nh ngi dng c phc v trong chu k TTI tip theo.
Thng tin lin quan n khun dng truyn ti, m t cc m nh knh,
phng thc k thut iu ch c s dng. T l m ha c trch ra t
kch c ca block truyn ti v cc tham s khun dng truyn ti khc.
Thng tin lin quan HARQ: c th l chu k pht tip theo s l mt
block mi hay l mt block c pht li (do c th gp li trc nn
yu cu pht li) v thng tin v cc phin bn.
Thng tin iu khin ny ch c s dng cho cc UE s c phc v trong
chu k tip theo, nh vy knh bo hiu ny l mt knh chia s theo thi gian
cho tt c cc user.

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

17

RNC cng c th ch r cng sut c khuyn ngh cho HS-SCCH ( lch lin
quan ti cc bit hoa tiu ca knh DPCH kt hp). Cng sut pht ca HS-SCCH
c th l hng s hoc thay i theo thi gian ty theo mt chin lc iu khin
cng sut no cho HS-DCCH.
2.4.2.2 Knh iu khin vt l tc cao: HS-DPCCH
y l knh ng ln, c s dng mang tn hiu bo nhn (ACK) n NodeB trn mi block. N cng c dng ch th Cht lng knh CQI (Channel
Quanlity), l yu t s dng trong AMC.
Knh HS-DPCCH dng c nh h s phn b 256 v c mt khe cu trc c
rng l 2/3 ms.
Khe u tin c s dng cho thng tin v HARQ.
Hai khe cn li c dnh
Thng tin v HARQ lun lun c gi khi m knh HS-SCCH gii m chnh
xc nhn ng tch sng xung trong khi QCI truyn tn s c iu
khin bi thng s k.
C 2 khe u hot ng ring bit lp iu khin. V d, trong mt s trng
hp, qu trnh lp li ny din ra vi chu k 2ms v hot ng cnh ca t bo
khi cng sut hin ti khng chc chn cho qu trnh lp li. Cng sut iu
khin t nhng t bo HSDPA cng c th lm gim bt cng sut nhn t knh
HS-DPCCH trong qu trnh chuyn giao trong min nh nh thit b u cui
lm gim cng sut truyn nu mi t bo hot ng gi mt lnh yu cu.
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
18

Nh vy l vic khng dng iu khin cng sut m iu khin cp pht ngun

ti nguyn s lm cho dung lng h thng tng nh li dng c tnh bin i
ca knh fading. R rng bng vic s dng iu khin truyn dn lm thay
i cch nhn v fading. Nu trc y chng ta coi l mt nhc im ca
mi trng truyn dn h v tm cch trnh, xa b th by gi chng ta li c
nh n do chng ta hiu v s dng n ng tnh hung.
Dung lng ca h thng thoe phng php ny cng tng nu nh mt thu
bao trong sector cng cao v vi nhiu User phn b u tt c cc v tr trong
cell th bt c thi im no cng c t nht mt User c trng thi knh cc tt
truyn dn vi tc cc ln. tng dung lng ny ngi ta thng nhc
n vi tn gi phn tp a ngi s dng Multi-User Diversity. Tuy nhin c
ngi s t ra mt cu hi l: Nu b scheduler quyt nh cp pht ti nguyn
da trn trng thi knh ca my u cui th s c trng hp c User s c
trng hp c User s khng truyn dn c trong mt khong thi gian di v
User khc? Thc mc ny hon ton hp l. V n dn n vn cn bng gia
dung lng h thng v s tha mn i vi ngi s dng. S tha mn y
ngha l khng mt User phi i qu lu mi c truy nhp h thng.
t c yu t cn bng ny cc b scheduler c thit k ngoi da trn
nguyn tc trn cn phi kt hp vi nguyn tc trn cn phi kt hp vi
nguyn tc Round Robin (fist come, fist serve). V mi nh sn xut thit b s
c nhng la chn thit k khc nhau ch khng nh sn xut no ging nh sn
xut no v bn thn vn ny ch c a ra nguyn l trong 3GPP v 3GPP2
ch khng chun ha thnh mt k thut c bit c th.

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

19

Mt iu th v khc na cn phi nhc n l khng dng iu khin cng sut

m iu khin thu pht c ng lc tt i vi s pht trin ca th trng my
u cui. iu ny c th c gii thch nh sau: Khi iu khin thu pht, b
lp lch gi da vo nhng thng tin trng thi knh do MS gi v (Channel
Quanlity Indicator Channel). M thng th MS s da vo tham s SIR (Signal
to Inteference Ratio) yu cu b lp lch cp pht ti nguyn. Do , my di
ng cng hin i ngha l kh nng nn nhiu cng ln (ngha l SIR ln) th
b lp lch cp pht v iu khin BTS pht vi tc cao hn. Nh vy nu
khch hng u t my u cui hin i s c li ch khng phi l h iu
hnh hng li nh s dng iu khin cng sut. V vi iu khin cng sut,
nu my u cui tt, BTS yu cu MS gim cng sut pht, do nhiu gim
v dung lng h thng tng. Khi dung lng tng l li ch ca h iu hnh
ch khng phi l li ch ca ngi s dng. Vi li ch thuc v khch hng
nh vy c th ni y l yu t kch thch qu trnh tiu th my u cui si
ng hn.
2.5 Cc k thut s dng trong HSDPA
2.5.1 iu ch v m ha thch ng. K thut truyn dn m
Trong thng tin di ng, t l tn hiu trn nhiu (SINR) ca tn hiu nhn c
ti mt thit b ngi s dng lun bin i trong khong 30 40 dB do fading
nhanh v cc c im v a hnh trong mt cell. Nhm ci thin dung lng
ca h thng, tc d liu nh, vng ph sng, tn hiu truyn ti ngi s
dng c xc nh nhm tnh ton qu trnh thay i cht lng tn hiu thng
qua qu trnh x l lin kt thch ng. Theo truyn thng, WCDMA ng dng
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
20

chc nng iu khin cng sut nhanh cho cc lin kt thch ng. Ngc li,
HSDPA lu cng sut pht khng i qua TTI ng thi s dng iu ch thch
ng v m ha (AMC) nh mt phng php lin kt thch ng an xen nhm
iu khin cng sut ci thin hiu sut ph.
i ph vi di ng ca t s tp m trn nhiu Eb/No ti u cui UE,
HSDPA thch ng qu trnh iu ch, t l m ha v s m ha nh knh vi
cc iu kin v tuyn hin thi. S kt hp ca hai phng php trn gi l:
iu ch v M ha thch ng AMC
Bn cnh QPSK, HSDPA cn kt hp cht ch vi phng thc iu ch
16QAM tng tc d liu ca cc user c phc v vi iu kin v tuyn
thch hp. Vic h tr cho QPSK c tnh cht bt buc i vi thng tin di ng,
cn i vi 16QAM l mt ty chn cho mng v thit b ngi dng UE.
S dng ng thi c 2 phng thc iu ch ny, c bit l phg thc iu
ch cp cao 16 QAM, a ra mt s thch thc nht nh i vi phc tp
ca b thu u cui, n cn phi xc nh c bin tng ng ca cc k
hiu nhn c, trong khi i vi phng php iu ch QPSK truyn thng ch
yu cu tch pha tn hiu. Mt b m ha Turbo da trn b m ha Turbo R99
vi t l m ha 1/3, mc d cc t l m ha hiu dng khc trong phm vi (xp
x 1/6 n 1/1) cng c th c c bng cc k thut ghp, tch, lp m. Kt
qu l to ra mt di di t l m c ti 64 gi tr khc nhau. S kt hp ca mt
kiu iu ch v mt t l m c gi l Lc m ha v iu ch.
Ngoi k thut iu ch v M ha thch ng AMC, pht a m cng c th coi
nh l mt cng c thch ng lin kt. Nu nh user c y cc iu kin
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
21

knh v tuyn thch hp, Node-B c th li dng iu kin ny bng cch pht
nhiu m song song vi nhau, nhm t c thng lng d liu nh kh ln.
Vi k thut pht a m, ton b di thng ng AMC c th c tng thm ln
mt lng: 10log1015 ~ 12dBs
Ton b di ng thch ng lin kt do AMC kt hp pht m xp x 30dB.
Node-B s xc nh tc truyn dn d liu da trn cc bo co v ch th cht
lng knh CQI cng nh cc thng k cng sut cc knh dnh ring. Tc
d liu c iu chnh bng cch thay i s iu ch, tc m ha cng
nh s lng m ha knh HS-PDSCH. S dng iu ch thch ng v m ha
AMC cho php ngi s dng tin gn hn ti Node-B, c th yu cu iu ch
vi t l m ha cao hn (chng hn nh iu ch 16QAM vi t l m ha 3/4 )
2.5.2 K thut H-ARQ
Khi vn hnh HSDPA ln cn hiu sut ph cao nht, t l li khi BLER sau
ln truyn dn u tin c khuyn ngh trong khong t 10% - 20%. C ch
yu cu lp t ng li H-ARQ c ng dng trong gii php HSDPA nhm
gim tr v tng hiu sut ca qu trnh ti truyn dn d liu. Thc t, H-ARQ
l mt giao thc dng dng v ch SAW (Stop And Wait).

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

22

Hnh 5. Nguyn l tng qut HARQ ti Node-B

Trong c ch SAW, pha truyn dn lun lun qu trnh truyn dn cc block
ang hin hnh cho ti khi thit b ngi s dng hon ton nhn c d liu.
tn dng thi gian khi Node-B ch cc bo nhn, c th thit lp N tin trnh
SAW-ARQ song song cho thit b ngi dng. Do , cc tin trnh khc nhau
truyn dn trong cc TTI ring bit. S tin trnh SAW ARQ song song c
thit lp ti a l 8 (N=8), tuy nhin thng thng chn gi tr N t 4 6. Thi
gian tr nh nht cho php gia qu tnh truyn d liu gc so vi qu tnh ti
truyn dn d liu ln u tin trong HSDPA l 12ms.
iu khin H-ARQ lp 1 c t ti Node-B, do vic lu tr cc gi d liu
phi bo nhn cng vi chc nng sp xp cc gi ca qua trnh ti truyn dn l

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

23

khng ph thuc vo RNC. Nh vy s trnh c tr ti truyn dn, ngoi ra

cc tr ny s thp hn tr gy ra bi qu trnh ti truyn dn RLC thng thng.
K thut HARQ l im khc c bn so vi k thut pht li trong WCDMA bi
b gii m UE kt hp cc thng tin mm ca qu tnh pht li ca cng mt
block cp bit. K thut ny a ra mt s yu cu v m rng dung lng
b nh ca UE, do UE phi lu cc thng tin mm ca nhng ln pht gii m
khng thnh cng.

Hnh 6.To ra cc phin bn d

Cc phng php HARQ nh sau:
Kt hp khun (CC: Chase Combining) mi ln pht li ch n gin l s
lp li ca cc t m c s dng cho ln pht u tin.

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

24

 u im: Vic truyn v truyn li c gii m ring l (t gii m), tng

tnh a dng thi gian, c th tng tnh a dng ng truyn.
Nhc im: Vic pht li ton b cc gi s lng ph v bng thng.
Tng d (IR: Incremental Reunancy): S pht li bao gm c thng
tin s tha b xung v thng tin d tha b cung v thng tin ny c
pht km thm nu c li gii m trong ln pht u tin.
Tng d c s dng nhn c tnh nng ti a trong bng thng
sn sng. Lc ny block c pht la ch bao gm d liu sa cha ca
tn hiu gc c truyn i ch khng phi thng tin thc s. Lng
thng tin d thm vo c gi i ngy cng tng ln khi qu trnh pht
li lp i lp li m bn thu vn nhn b li.
u im: Gim bt bng thng / lu lng hu dng ca mt ngi s
dng v dng n cho nhng ngi khc.
Nhc im: Cc bit h thng ch c gi i khi truyn ln u tin v
khng th truyn li, iu lm cho qu trnh truyn li khng th t gii
m. V th, nu qu trnh truyn ln u b mt th fading rt ln s tc
ng v khng c c hi khi phc li d liu trong hon cnh ny.
3. LTE (Long Term Evolution)
3.1 Tng quan h thng
LTE l mt chun cho cng ngh truyn thng d liu khng dy v l mt s
tin ha ca cc chun GSM/UMTS. Mc tiu ca LTE l tng dung lng v
tc d liu ca cc mng d liu khng dy bng cch s dng cc k
thut iu ch v DSP (x l tn hiu s) mi c pht trin vo u th k
21 ny. Mt mc tiu cao hn l thit k li v n gin ha kin trc mng
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
25

thnh mt h thng da trn nn IP vi tr truyn dn tng gim ng k

so vi kin trc mng 3G. Giao din khng dy LTE khng tng thch vi
cc mng 2G v 3G, do n phi hot ng trn mt ph v tuyn ring
bit.
LTE c hng NTT DoCoMo ca Nht xut u tin vo nm 2004, cc
nghin cu v tiu chun mi chnh thc bt u vo nm 2005. Thng 5 nm
2007, lin minh Sng kin th nghim LTE/SAE (LSTI) c thnh lp, lin
minh ny l s hp tc ton cu gia cc hng cung cp thit b v hng cung
cp dch v vin thng vi mc tiu kim nghim v thc y tiu chun mi
m bo trin khai cng ngh ny trn ton cu cng hp cng tt. Tiu
chun LTE c hon thnh vo thng 12 nm 2008 v dch v LTE u tin
c hng TeliaSonera khai trng Oslo v Stockholm vo ngy 14 thng
12 nm 2009, l kt ni d liu vi mt modem USB. Nm 2011, cc dch
v LTE c khai trng th trng Bc M, vi vic hng MetroPCS gii
thiu mu in thoi thng minh h tr LTE u tin l Samsung Galaxy
Indulge vo ngy 10 thng 2 nm 2011 v tip sau l hng Verizon gii
thiu mu in thoi thng minh h tr LTE th hai l HTC ThunderBolt vo
ngy 17 thng 3 cng nm. Ban u, cc nh mng CDMA c k hoch nng
cp cc tiu chun cnh tranh l UMB v WiMAX, nhng tt c cc nh
mng CDMA ln (nh Verizon, Sprint v MetroPCS M, Bell v Telus
Canada, au by KDDI Nht Bn, SK Telecom Hn Quc v China
Telecom/China Unicom Trung Quc) thng bo h d nh s chuyn
ln chun LTE. S tin ha ca LTE l LTE Advanced, c chun ha

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

26

vo thng 3 nm 2011. Dch v d kin s c cung cp bt u vo nm

2013.
c t k thut LTE ch ra tc ti xung nh t 300 Mbit/s, tc ti ln
nh t 75 Mbit/s v QoS quy nh cho php tr truyn dn tng th nh hn
5 ms trong mng truy nhp v tuyn. LTE c kh nng qun l cc thit b di
ng chuyn ng nhanh v h tr cc lung d liu qung b v a im.
LTE h tr bng thng linh hot, t 1,25 MHz ti 20 MHz v h tr c song
cng phn chia theo tn s (FDD) v song cng phn chia theo thi gian
(TDD). Kin trc mng da trn IP, c gi l Li gi tin ha (EPC) v
c thit k thay thay th Mng li GPRS, h tr chuyn giao lin tc
cho c thoi v d liu ti trm eNodeB vi cng ngh mng c hn nh
GSM, UMTS v CDMA2000. Cc kin trc n gin v chi ph vn hnh
thp hn (v d, mi t bo E-UTRAN s h tr dung lng thoi v d liu
gp 4 ln so vi HSPA).
3.2 c im h thng
Phn ln tiu chun LTE hng n vic nng cp 3G UMTS cui cng c
th thc s tr thnh cng ngh truyn thng di ng 4G. Mt lng ln cng
vic l nhm mc ch n gin ha kin trc h thng, v n chuyn t mng
UMTE s dng kt hp chuyn mch knh + chuyn mch gi sang h thng
kin trc phng ton IP. E-UTRA l giao din v tuyn ca LTE. N c cc
tnh nng chnh sau:
Tc ti xung nh ln ti 299.6 Mbit/s v tc ti ln t 75.4 Mbit/s
ph thuc vo kiu thit b ngi dng (vi 4x4 anten s dng rng bng
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
27

thng l 20 MHz). 5 kiu thit b u cui khc nhau c xc nh t mt

kiu tp trung vo ging ni ti kiu thit b u cui cao cp h tr cc tc
d liu nh. Tt c cc thit b u cui u c th x l bng thng rng
20 MHz.
Tr truyn dn d liu tng th thp (thi gian tr i-v di 5 ms cho cc gi
IP nh trong iu kin ti u), tr tng th cho chuyn giao thi gian thit lp
kt ni nh hn so vi cc cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn kiu c. Ci thin h
tr cho tnh di ng, thit b u cui di chuyn vi vn tc ln ti 350 km/h
hoc 500 km/h vn c th c h tr ph thuc vo bng tn. OFDMA c
dng cho ng xung, SC-FDMA dng cho ng ln tit kim cng
sut.
H tr c hai h thng dng FDD v TDD cng nh FDD bn song cng vi
cng cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn. H tr cho tt c cc bng tn hin ang
c cc h thng IMT s dng ca ITU-R. Tng tnh linh hot ph tn:
rng ph tn 1,4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz v 20 MHz c
chun ha (W-CDMA yu cu rng bng thng l 5 MHz, dn ti mt s
vn vi vic a vo s dng cng ngh mi ti cc quc gia m bng
thng 5 MHz thng c n nh cho nhiu mng, v thng xuyn c s
dng bi cc mng nh 2G GSM v CDMAOne).
H tr kch thc t bo t bn knh hng chc m (femto v picocell) ln ti
cc macrocell bn knh 100 km. Trong di tn thp hn dng cho cc khu vc
nng thn, kch thc t bo ti u l 5 km, hiu qu hot ng hp l vn
t c 30 km, v khi ln ti 100 km th hiu sut hot ng ca t bo
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
28

vn c th chp nhn c. Trong khu vc thnh ph v th, bng tn cao

hn (nh 2,6 GHz Chu u) c dng h tr bng thng di ng tc
cao. Trong trng hp ny, kch thc t bo c th ch cn 1 km hoc
thm ch t hn. H tr t nht 200 u cui d liu hot ng trong mi t
bo c bng thng 5 MHz. n gin ha kin trc: pha mng E-UTRAN ch
gm cc eNode B H tr hot ng vi cc chun c (v d nh GSM/EDGE,
UMTS v CDMA2000). Ngi dng c th bt u mt cu gi hoc truyn
d liu trong mt khu vc s dng chun LTE, nu ti mt a im khng c
mng LTE th ngi dng vn c th tip tc hot ng nh cc mng
GSM/GPRS hoc UMTS dng WCDMA hay thm ch l mng ca 3GPP2
nh cdmaOne hoc CDMA2000). Giao din v tuyn chuyn mch gi. H
tr cho MBSFN (Mng qung b n tn). Tnh nng ny c th cung cp cc
dch v nh Mobile TV dng c s h tng LTE, v l mt i th cnh tranh
cho truyn hnh da trn DVB-H.
3.2.1 Cng nh LTE
H thng LTE pht trin trn nn tng GSM/UTMS , l mt trong nhng
cng ngh tim nng nht cho truyn thng 4G (h thng tin 4G). Kin trc
mng mi c thit k vi mc tiu cung cp lu lng chuyn mch gi
vi dch v cht lng, tr ti thiu. H thng s dng bng thng linh
hot nh vo m hnh a truy cp OFDMA v SC-FDMA. Thm vo ,
FDD (Frequency DivisionDuplexing) v TDD (Time Division Duplexing),
bn song cng FDD cho phpcc UE c gi thnh thp. Khng ging nh
FDD, bn song cng FDD khng yu cu pht v thu ti cng thi im. iu
ny lm gim gi thnh cho b song cng trong UE. Truy cp tuyn ln da
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
29

vo a truy cp phn chia theo tn s n sng mang (Single Carrier

Frequency Division multiple Access SC-FDMA) cho php tng vng ph
tuyn ln lm t s cng sut nh trn cng sut trung bnh thp(Peak-toAverage Power Ratio PAPR) so vi OFDMA. Khi ci thin tc d liu
nh, h thng LTE s dng hai n bn ln h s ph cell so vi h thng
HSPARelease 6
c tnh c bn ca h thng LTE :
- Hot ng bng tn : 700 MHz-2,6 GHz.
- Tc :
DL : 100Mbps( BW 20MHz)
UL : 50 Mbps vi 2 anten thu 1 anten pht.
- tr : nh hn 5ms
- rng BW linh hot : 1,4MHz; 3MHz; 5MHz; 10MHz; 15MHz; 20 MHz.
H tr c 2 trng hp di bng ln v bng xung bng nhau hoc khng.
- Tnh di ng : Tc di chuyn ti u l 0-15 km/h nhng vn hot ng
tt vi tc di chuyn t 15-120 km/h, c th ln n 500 km/h ty bng
tn.
- Ph tn s:
Hot ng ch FDD hoc TDD
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
30

 ph sng t 5-100 km
Dung lng 200 user/cell bng tn 5Mhz.
- Cht lng dch v:
H tr tnh nng m bo cht lng dch v QoS.
VoIP m bo cht lng m thanh tt, tr ti thiu thng qua mng UTMS
Thng s vt l :

3.2.2 Cu trc ca LTE

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
31

S khc nhau gia SAE v LTE

Hnh 7. LTE gives operators the benefits of evolution to a simplified, all IP

network architecture
Trc tin ta xem s khc nhau v cu trc ca UTMS v LTE. Song song
vi truy nhp v tuyn LTE, mng gi li cng ang ci tin ln cu trc tng
SAE.Cu trc mi ny c thit k ti u hiu sut mng, ci thin hiu
qu chi ph v thun tin thu ht phn ln dch v trn nn IP. Mng truy
nhp v tuyn RAN (Radio Access Network): mng truy nhp v tuyn ca
LTE c gi l E-UTRAN v mt trong nhng c im chnh ca n l tt
c cc dch v, bao gm dch v thi gian thc, s c h tr qua nhng
knh gi c chia s. Phng php ny s tng hiu sut ph, lm cho dung
lng h thng tr nn cao hn. Mt kt qu quan trng ca vic s dng
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
32

truy nhp gi cho tt c cc dch v l s tch hp cao hn gia nhng dch

v a phng tin v gia nhng dch v c nh v khng dy. C nhiu loi
chc nng khc nhau trong mng t bo. Da vo chng, mng c th c
chia thnh hai phn: mng truy nhp v tuyn v mng li. Nhng chc nng
nh iu ch, nn, chuyn giao thuc v mng truy nhp. Cn nhng chc
nng khc nh tnh cc hoc qun l di ng l thnh phn ca mng li.
Vi LTE, mng truy nhp l E-UTRAN v mng li l EPC. Mc ch chnh
ca LTE l ti thiu ha s node. V vy, ngi pht trin chn mt cu
trc n node. Trm gc mi phc tp hn NodeB trong mng truy nhp v
tuyn WCDMA/HSPA, v v vy c gi l eNodeB (Enhance Node B).
Nhng eNodeB c tt c nhng chc nng cn thit cho mng truy nhp v
tuyn LTE, k c nhng chc nng lin quan n qun l ti nguyn v tuyn.
Giao din v tuyn s dng trong E-UTRAN by gi ch cn l S1 v X2.
Trong S1 l giao din v tuyn kt ni gia eNodeB v mng li. S1 chia
lm hai loi l S1-U l giao din gia eNodeB v SAE-GW v S1-MME l
giao din gia eNodeB v MME. X2 l giao din gia cc eNodeB vi nhau.

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

33

Mng li: mng li mi l s m rng hon ton ca mng li trong h thng

3G, vn ch bao ph min chuyn mch gi. V vy, n c mt ci tn mi :
Evolved Packet Core (EPC). Cng mt mc ch nh E-UTRAN, s node trong
EPC c gim. EPC chia lung d liu ngi dng thnh mt phng ngi
dng v mt phng iu khin. Mt node c th c nh ngha cho mi mt
phng, cng vi Gateway chung kt ni mng LTE vi internet v nhng h
thng khc. EPC gm c mt vi thc th chc nng.
- MME (Mobility Management Entity): chu trch nhim x l nhng chc
nng mt bng iu khin, lin quan n qun l thu bao v qun l phin.
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
34

Gateway dch v (Serving Gateway): l v tr kt ni ca giao tip d liu gi

vi E-UTRAN. N cn hot ng nh mt node nh tuyn n nhng k
thut 3GPP khc.
- P-Gateway (Packet Data Network): l im u cui cho nhng phng
hng v mng d liu gi bn ngoi. N cng l Router n mng Internet.
- PCRF (Policyand Charging Rules Function): iu khin vic to ra
bng gi v cuhnh h thng con a phng tin IP IMS (the IP Multimedia
Subsystem) cho mi ngi dng.
- HSS (Home Subscriber Server): l ni lu tr d liu ca thu bao cho tt
c d liu ca ngi dng. N l c s d liu ch trung tm trong trung tm
ca nh khai thc. Cc min dch v bao gm IMS (IP Multimedia SubSystem) da trn cc nh khai thc, IMS khng da trn cc nh khai thc v
cc dch v khc. IMS l mt kin trc mng nhm to s thun tin cho vic
pht trin v phn phi cc dch v a phng tin n ngi dng, bt k l
h ang kt ni thng qua mng truy nhp no. IMS h tr nhiu phng
thc truy nhp nh GSM, UMTS,CDMA2000, truy nhp hu tuyn bng
rng nh cp xDSL, cp quang, cp truyn hnh, cng nh truy nhp v tuyn
bng rng WLAN, WiMAX. IMS to iu kin cho cc h thng mng khc
nhau c th tng thch vi nhau. IMS ha hn mang li nhiu li ch cho c
ngi dng ln nh cung cp dch v. N v ang c tp trung nghin
cu cng nh thu ht c s quan tm ln ca gii cng nghip. Tuy nhin
IMS cng gp phi nhng kh khn nht nh v cng cha tht s
chn thuyt phc cc nh cung cp mng u t trin khai n. Kin trc
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
35

IMS c cho l kh phc tp vi nhiu thc th v v s cc chc nng

khc nhau.
Cu trc LTE lin kt vi mng khc:

Hnh 8. Cu trc h thng cho mng truy cp 3GPP

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

36

Hnh 9. Cu trc h thng cho mng truy cp 3GPP v khng phi 3GPP

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

37

Hnh 10. Cu trc h thng cho mng truy cp 3GPP v lin mng vi
CDMA 2000
3.2.3 Cc knh s dng trong E-UTRAN
Knh vt l : cc knh vt l s dng cho d liu ngi dng bao gm:
-PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) : ph ti c ch (payload)
-PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) : PUSCH c dng mang d
liu ngi dng. Cc ti nguyn cho PUSCH c ch nh trn mt
subframe c bn bi vic lp biu ng ln. Cc sng mang c ch nh
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l 12 khi ti nguyn (RB) v c th nhy t subframe ny n subframe

khc. PUSCH c th dng cc kiu iu ch QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM.
-PUCCH(Physical Uplink Control Channel): c chc nng lp biu,
ACK/NAK.
-PDCCH(Physical Downlink Control Channel): lp biu, ACK/NAK.
-PBCH(Physical Broadcast Channel): mang cc thng tin c trng ca cell.
Knh logic : c nh ngha bi thng tin n mang bao gm:
-Knh iu khin qung b (BCCH) : c s dng truyn thng tin iu
khin h thng t mng n tt c my di ng trong cell. Trc khi truy
nhp h thng, u cui di ng phi c thng tin pht trn BCCH bit
c h thngc lp cu hnh nh th no, chng hn bng thng h thng.
-Knh iu khin tm gi (PCCH) : c s dng tm gi cc u cui di
ng v mng khng th bit c v tr ca chng cp v v th cn
pht cc bn tin tm gi trong nhiu (vng nh v).
-Knh iu khin ring (DCCH) : c s dng truyn thng tin iu
khin ti/t mt u cui di ng. Knh ny c s dng cho cu hnh ring
ca cc u cui di ng chng hn cc bn tin chuyn giao khc nhau.
-Knh iu khin a phng (MCCH) : c s dng truyn thng tin cn
thit thu knh MTCH.
-Knh lu lng ring (DTCH) : c s dng truyn s liu ca ngi
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s dng n/t mt u cui di ng. y l kiu logic c s dng

truyn tt c s liu ng ln ca ngi dng v s liu ng xung ca
ngi dng khng phi MBMS.
-Knh lu lng a phng (MTCH) : c s dng pht cc dch v
MBMS.
Knh truyn ti : bao gm cc knh sau:
-Knh qung b (BCH) : c khun dng truyn ti c nh do chun cung cp.
N c s dng pht thng tin trn knh logic.
-Knh tm gi (PCH) : c s dng pht thng tin tm gi trn knh
PCCH, PCH h tr thu khng lin tc (DRX) cho php u cui tit kim
cng sut c quy bng cch ng v ch thc thu PCH ti cc thi im quy
nh trc
- Knh chia s ng xung (DL-SCH) : l knh truyn ti pht s liu
ng xung trong LTE. N h tr cc chc nng ca LTE nh thch ng tc
ng v lp biu ph thuc knh trong min thi gian v min tn s. N
cng h tr DRX gim tiu th cng sut ca u cui di ng m vn
m bo cm gic lun kt ni ging nh c ch CPC trong HSPA. DL-DCH
TTI l 1ms.
-Knh a phng (MCH) : c s dng h tr MBMS. N c c
trng bi khun dng truyn ti bn tnh v lp biu bn tnh. Trong trng
hp pht a s dng MBSFN, lp biu v lp cu hnh khun dng truyn
ti c iu phi gia cc tham gia pht MBSFN.
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3.2.4 Giao thc ca LTE (LTE Protocols)

LTE chc nng ca RLC c chuyn vo eNodeB, cng nh chc
nng ca PDCP vi m ha v chn tiu . V vy, cc giao thc lin quan
ca lp v tuyn c chia trc y UTRAN l gia NodeB v RNC by
gi chuyn thnh gia UE v eNodeB

Hnh 11. Giao thc UTRAN

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Hnh 12. Giao thc ca E-UTRAN

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

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Hnh 13. Phn phi chc nng ca cc lp MAC, RLC, PDCP

Chc nng ca MAC (Medium Access Control) bao gm:
-Lp biu
-iu khin u tin (Priority handling)
-Ghp nhiu knh logic khc nhau trn mt knh truyn n RLC.
Chc nng ca PDCP bao gm:
D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.
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-M ha (ciphering)
-Chn tiu
4. KT LUN
Vi nhng ci tin t ph, HSDPA l mt cng ngh c ch trng pht trin.
Trn thc t, th trng ca HSDPA pht trin mnh m giai on khi u,
c bit cc nc pht trin, ni c lng khch hng khng l s dng in
thoi di ng cht lng cao. L do v nhng chic in thoi HSDPA s c gi
thnh cao hn hn nhng chic in thoi thng thng c nhm vo cc th
trng nhng nc pht trin thp hn.
Do l phin bn nng cp ca WCDMA, HSDPA khng c nhiu kh nng thnh
cng ti nhng ni m WCDMA pht trin. Do , thnh cng cui cng ca
HSDPA nh mt sn phm ca cng ngh 3.5G s ph thuc rt nhiu vo s
thnh cng ca WCDMA vi t cch l mt sn phm ca cng ngh 3G.
Cng ngh LTE l mt cng ngh mi, v ang c tip tc nghin cu v
trin khai trn ton th gii, vi kh nng truyn ti tc cao kin trc mng
n gin , s dng bng tn hiu qu v hon ton tng thch vi cc h thng
GSM & WCDMA v da trn mt mng ton IP. LTE c th tr thnh h thng
thng tin ding ton cu trong tng lai. V vy vic tm hiu v cng ngh
LTE l cn thit v c ngha thc t. ti cp mt cch tng quan v cng
ngh LTE, trng tm gm cc phn :
Tng quan v h thng di ng 3G
Cu trc mng LTE
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 Truy cp v tuyn trong LTE

K thut s dng trong LTE
5.TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Gio trnh l trnh pht trin thng tin di ng 3G ln 4G TS. Nguyn
Phm Anh Dng
[2] Kha lun tt nghip v HSPDA ca Nguyn Th Thu Hng
HQGHN
[3] L trnh trin khai LTE Tp on Vin thng Viettel
[4] http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSDPA
[5] http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE
[6] Harri Holdma and Antti Toskala, HSDPA/HSUPA for UMTS/High Speed
Acces Mobile Communication. Wiley. 2006

D6--Overview the HSDPA and LTE. Structure of these systems.

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