1

Hnh 2.1 nh du du dy MBA

X


B
(b)
o
i Hc Nang - Trng i hc Bch Khoa
Khoa in - Nhom Chuyn mn in Cng Nghip Gio trnh
MAY IN 1 Bin son: Bui Tn Li
Chng 2
V -V -V
TO NI DY VA MACH T M.B.A
2.1. KHAI NIM CHUNG
e MBA ba pha co th lm vic c, cc dy qun s cp v th cp phi ni
vi nhau theo mt qui lut nht nh. Ngoi ra, vic phi hp kiu ni dy qun s
cp vi kiu ni dy qun th cp cung hnh thanh cac t
?
ni dy qun khac nhau.
Hn na, khi thit k MBA, vic quyt nh t
?
ni dy qun cung phai thch ng vi
kiu kt cu cua mach t
7
tranh nhng hin tng khng tt nh s khng sin,
tn hao phu tang ...
Trong chng nay ta se ln lt xet cac loai t
?
ni dy va mach t, ng thi xet
cac hin tng xay ra khi t hoa loi thep va nu ln cach tnh toan mach t cua MBA.
2.2. T NI DY MAY BIN Ap
nghin cu t
?
ni dy MBA, trc ht ta hay xet ky hiu cac u dy va cach
u dy qun pha vi nhau.
2.2.1. Cch ky hiu cc u dy





o o
(
a
)
C

C B
A
Y Z
A
2
Hnh 2.4 u Zic- Zc


Mt cun dy c hai u tn cung: mt u gi la u u; cn u kia gi la
u cui. i vi dy qun mba mt pha : u u hc u cui chn tuy y. i vi
dy qun mba ba pha : cac u u va u cui chn mt cach thng nht the mt
chiu nht nh (hnh 2.1a), nu khng in ap ra cua ba pha se khng i xng (hnh
2.1b).

?
n gian va thun tin ch vic nghin cu, ngi ta thng anh du cac
u tn cung ln s dy qun cua mba vi qui c sau dy :
anh du cac u dy tn cung:
Ca ap Haap Trung ap
u u A,B,C A,b,c A
m
,B
m
,C
m

u cui X,Y,Z x.y,z X
m
,Y
m
,Z
m

Trung tnh 0 O
m

2.2.2. Cc kiu u dy qun
1. u hnh sao (Y) : u ba im cui X,Y,Z lai vi nhau.






2. u hnh tam giac () :
u im u cua pha nay vi im cui cua pha kia (hnh 2.3)
3. u zc-zc (Z) : Mi pha dy qun mba gm hai na cun dy trn hai tru
khac nhau mc ni tip va u ngc chiu nhau (hnh 2.4). Kiu dy qun nay t
dung v tn ng nhiu hn, lai nay chu yu gp trng mba dung ch thit chnh lu.
ABC

Hnh 2.3 u tam
giac
ABC

X Y Z
A
Hnh 2.2 u sao
C
3


4
Hnh 2.4 u Zic- Zc


2.2.3. T ni dy ca mba.
T ni dy mba c hnh thanh do s phi hp kiu dy qun s cp so vi
kiu dy qun th cp. NO biu th gOc lch pha gia s dy cua dy qun s cp
va s dy cua dy qun th cp va gOc lch pha nay phu thuc vao cac yu t sau I
+ Chiu qun dy,
+ Cach ky hiu cac du dy ra,
+ Kiu du dy qun s cp va th cp
Xet mba mt pha cO hai dy qun (hnh 2-5) I s cp I AX ; th cp I ax.
Cac trng hp xay ra nh sau I
a) Hai dy qun cung chiu va k hiu tng ng (hnh 2-5a).
b) Hai dy qun ngc chiu (hnh 2-5b).
c) oi chiu k hiu mt trong hai dy qun (hnh 2-5c).
T ni dy cua mba mt pha I k t vector s s cp n vector s th cp
theo chiu kim ng h I
+ Trng hp a I lch pha 360
O

+ Trng hp b, c I lch pha 180
o
.







Hnh 2.5 S lch pha ca mba mt pha
T ni dy ca mba ba pha : mba ba pha, do ni Y & A vi nhng th t
khac nhau ma gOc lch pha gia s dy s cp va s dy th cp la 30
o
, 60
o
, 90
o
, ..
, 360
o
.
Thc t khng dung ch gOc lch pha ma dung kim ng h (hnh 2.6) '
biu th va goi tn t ni dy mba, cach biu th nh sauI
A<
X
l_
AX AX
)180


x
a
(c)
360
O



1

<
1
>

1
1
1 >
1
1
7

a , 1 )
x 1
1


A
<
X
(a
)
ax





1


1
?
1
?
1
?
a
1
1
)

1
i
x
1


1

A

AX
X
(b
)
5


Hnh 2.6 Biu th
gc lch pha
+ Kim dai c nh con s 12, ch s s cp.
+ Kim ngn ch 1,2,.., 12 ng 30,60,..,360 ch s th cp.
Trng hp mba mt pha :
+ Trng hp a : I/I-12.
+ Trng hp b,c : I/I-6.
Trng hp mba ba pha :
+ Mba ba pha ni Y/Y:
V du mt mba ba pha co dy qun s va dy qun th ni
hnh sao, cung chiu qun dy va cung ky hiu cac u dy (hnh 2.7) th vector s
pha gia hai dy qun hoan toan trung nhau va goc lch pha gia hai in ap dy se
bng 360
o
hay 0
o
. Ta noi mba thuc t
?
ni dy 12 va ky hiu la Y/Y-12 hay Y/Y-0.

7
nguyn dy qun s, dch ky hiu dy qun th a^b, b^c, c^a ta co t
?
u dy
Y/Y-4, dch tip mt ln na ta co t
?
u dy Y/Y-S. Nu
?
i chiu dy qun th
ta co t
?
u dy Y/Y-6,10,2. Nh vy mba khi ni Y/Y, ta co t
?
ni dy la s chn.









+ Mba ba pha ni Y/A :
V du cung mba ba pha co dy qun s ni hnh sao va dy qun th ni hnh
tam giac, cung chiu qun dy va cung ky hiu cac u dy (hnh 2. S) th vector s
pha gia hai dy qun hoan toan trung nhau va goc lch pha gia hai in ap dy se
bng 330
o
. Ta noi mba thuc t
?
ni dy 11 va ky hiu la Y/A-11.
7
nguyn dy
qun s, dch k hiu dy qun th a^ b, b^ c, c^ a th ta co t
?
u dy Y/A-3, dch
tip mt ln na ta co t
?
u dy Y/A-7. Nu
?
i chiu dy qun th ta co t
?
u
dy Y/A-5,9,1. Nh vy mba khi ni Y/A, ta co t
?
ni dy la s le.
Hnh 2.7 Tm t ni
dy


EA

360
o
Y/Y -12
l
x y z
6
Hnh 2.12 Dong t ha


B C
X
Hnh 2.9 T mba
ba
A
!
C









Hnh 2-8. Tm t ni dy mba ni Y/A
2.3. MACH T MAY BIEN AP
2.3.1. Cc dng mch t may bin ap
1. My bin p mt ph + Mch t kiu loi
(hnh 1.3a)
+ Mch t kiu bc
2. My bin p b ph + H thng mch t ring :
T thng b pha c lp (hnh 2.9).
Ta cO t mba ba pha.
+ H thng mach t chung (hnh 1.3b) : T thng ba pha lin quan nhau. Ta
cO mba ba pha ba tru.
Oe

Hnh 2.10 Ghp ba tru mba mt pha
Nu :
U A + U B + U& C
=
0 ^ A + B + O C
=
0
Nh vy cac tru ghp chung cO t thng tng = 0, nn ta bO tru ghp
chung. Sau khi bO tru ghp chung, ta thy loi thp khng gian nn ch ta kh khan.
V vy phai rut ngn tru gia ba tru mba cung nm trong mt phng, luc

A
E
EA
C
Ea
b
-0330
Y/Y-11
A
E
ab c
I t
7

ny ta thy kt cu loi thp mba khng i xng, tr gia ngn hn hai tr hai bn nn
dng t hoa cua ba pha cung khng i xng :
(1,2 ^ 1,45)IB
!
I
C





in ap c dang :
= U
m
sin t
B qa in ap ri trn dy qn, ta c :
do
= - = W-
Hnh 2.11 S d
nguyn l cua mba
mt pha
dt
T thng trong loi thp co dng :
o = o
m
sin(wt - n / 2)
Khng xt tn hao trong li thp:
Khi khng xt n tn ho trong loi thp th dong io iox, ngh l dong t ho gn
bng dong in phn khng. T co qun h o = f(io) cung chnh l qun h B = f(H). T
qun h o = f(io) v o = f(t) t v c io = f(t).
T hnh 2.12, t thy :
+ T thng O(t) co dng hnh sin
+ Dong in io(t) co dng nhon du (k
0
sin)
+ O(t) v io(t) trung ph nhu
Dong io(t) khng sin, t phn tch thnh tng song hnh sin :
i
o
(t)
=
i
o1 +
i
o3 +
i
o5 +
i
o7 + ..

A
a
<_!_

X X
2.3.2. Nhng hin tng xut hin khi t hoa li thp MBA
Xt trng hp :
+ MBA khng ti (hnh 2.11).
+ S cp t vo in p u hnh sin.
1. Mba mt pha
8


+ iol l song c bn (song bc 1)
+ i
o3 5 7
.. l cc song bc cao. Song bc 5 tr ln co bin nho, t bo qu. Nh vy
chnh dong in bc b i
o3
lm dong i
o
co dng nhon u. Thc cht dong i
o
co dng nhon
u l do hin tng bo ho trong loi thp.
C k n tn hao trong li thp :
Khi co xt n tn ho trong loi thp, qun h o = f(i
o
) cung chnh l qun h ng
cong t tr B = f(H). T qun h o = f(i
o
) v o = f(t) t dung phng php v
?
tm c
qun h i
o
= f(t) nh trn hnh 2.13.
T hnh 2.13, t thy :
+ T thng O(t) co dng hnh sin + Dong in
i
o
(t) co dng nhon du (k
0
sin)
+ i
o
(t) vt trc O(t) mt goc a.
Goc a nho hy ln phu thuc vo mc tr cu B = f(H), ngh l phu thuc vo
ng cong t tr v th goc a goi l goc tn ho t tr.

Hnh 2.14 biu din vect dong in
o
v t thng
m
khi co k
?
n tn ho
trong loi thp. V dong in io khng sin nn t ch v gn ung vi thnh phn bc
1. T thy dong in khng ti Io gm hi thnh phn :
+
I
ox : thnh phn dong in phn khng
?
t ho loi thp.
+
I
or : thnh phn dong in tc dung, vung goc vi o, nn :
Io =lr + ix (2.1)
Thc t Ior < 10%Io , ngh l goc a thng rt b, nn dong in Ior khng nh hng
my n dong in t ho v t coi nh Iox Io .

Hnh 2.13 Dong t ha khi c tn hao Hnh 2.14 th vect
dng I
o

9


Hnh 2.15 T thng v s trong t mb
b ph ni Y/Y
2. Mba ba pha
Khi mba khng tai v xt tng pha th dong in bc ba trong cc pha : o3A =
!o3m
sin 3rat
(2-
2a
)
i
o3B
= I
o3m
sin3 (rat - 120
o
) = I
o3m
sin3rat (2.2b)
o3C =
I
o3m
sin 3 (rat - 240o)
=
I
o3m
sin 3rat (2
.
2c)

T cac phng trnh trn ta thy, ba pha trung nhau v thi gian, ngha la moi thi
im chiu dong in bc ba trong cac pha hoc hng t u n cui hoc hng t
cui n u, tc la lun lun tn tai.
a) Trng hp mba ni Y/Y
S cp u Y nn dong i
o3
khng tn tai, dong i
o
se co dang sin va t thng 0 do no
sinh ra se co dang vat u. Ta phn tch t thng 0 trong loi thp thanh song c ban va
song bc cao :
0 = 01 + 0 3 + 0 5 + 0 7 +..
Cac song O
5 7
nho, ta bo qua, ch xt 0! va O
3
.
Trng hp t mba ba pha : (Mba ba pha5 tru)
Loai nay mach t ring, nn 0
3
tn tai va
khp mach qua loi thp, do vy 0
3
tng i
ln, s
3
do no sinh ra cung ln tho (E
3f
=
(45- 60)% E
1f
) lam cho s pha tng ln. Con
s U
d
khng co thanh phn
3
.

Hi:
+ Chc thung cch in dy qun + H thit b
lng.
+ nh hng ng dy thng tin

O
r
h
Ti.
10


1
03
Hnh 2.17 Mba ni
Y/A
L
23
23A
Dy qun s cp u Y nn dng i
3
khng tn ti, dng i

s c dng sin v t thng o

d n sinh r s c dng vt u. Kt lun ging trng hp a. Thnh phn t thng bc b 0
3

cm ng trng dy qun th cp s
23
, d dy qun th
Mba ba pha ba tr :

Hnh 2.16 T thng bc ba trong li thp mba ni Y/Y
H thng mch t chung, nn O3 cung chiu (hnh 2.16). mi thi im t thng O3
khng khp mch qu mch t tru m b y r ngi, v khp mch qu mi trng c t
tr ln, nn O3 khng ln lm, nh vy xem t thng trng mch t l sin, v s cm
ng r E
f
s sin.
Chu y : O3 khp mch qu gng v vch thung lm tng tn h nn hiu sut cu
my gim.
) Trng hp mb ni A /Y
Dy qun s cp ni A nn dng i
3
s khp kn trng tm gic, v vy dng i

s c
dng nhn u. Ging mb mt ph.
Y) Trng hp mb ni Y/A
3Y

3
nh
"23

11

ni A nn sinh r dong i
23
chy trong dy qun, dong in ny sinh r trong loi thp t
thng 0
23
v t co t thng tong bc b
3Y
+ 23
A
~ 0, nn nh hng ny khng
ng k
?
(hnh 2.17).