CONTENTS

CONTENT ...............................................................................................................

LIST OF FIGURE ....................................................................................................

iii

LIST OF TABLE .....................................................................................................

iv

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION ......................................................................

1.1

Background ......................................................................

1.2

Problem Statement ...........................................................

1.3

Scope ................................................................................

1.4

Purpose ............................................................................

1.5

Benefits ............................................................................

LITERATURE REVIEW ...........................................................

2.1

Previous Research Analysis ............................................

2.2

Basic Teory Exergy ........................................................

2.3

ExergyConcept..................... ...........................................

2.4

Brief Comparison of Energy and Exergy Balance............

11

2.5

Characteristic of Exergy .................................................

14

2.6

Dead State, Surrondings, Immediate Surronnding,

CHAPTER 2

Environment..................................................................

15

2.7

Different Forms of Exergy .............................................

16

2.8

Heating Value of Coal ...................................................

21

2.9

Exergy Analysis of Coal ................................................

22

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CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 4

2.10 Policy ..........................................................................

25

2.11 Energy Policy ...............................................................

26

2.12 Energy Policy Making .................................................

28

2.13 Form Energy Planning to Energy Policy Making.........

30

2.14 Modern Energy Policy Making.....................................

35

2.15 Coal Resource Potential................................................

40

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...............................................

68

3.1

General Approach ............................................................

68

3.2

Scope and Limitations .....................................................

68

3.3

Data Sources ....................................................................

68

3.4

General Assumption ........................................................

69

3.5

Parameters Scenario ........................................................

69

3.6

Data Processing Procedures .............................................

70

3.7

Coal Energy Planning and Modeling.............................

70

3.8

Coal Optimization Scenarios ..........................................

71

3.9

Steps of Exergy Analysis of Coal ...................................

71

RESULT AND DISCUSSION..................................................

73

4.2

Exergy analysis................................................................

73

4.2.1 Exergy analysis of coal..........................................

73

4.2.2 Exergy analysis of coal after upgraded.................

77

4.2.3 Chemical exergy analysis......................................

80

4.2.3.1 Exergy analysis of gasification.....................

81

4.2.3.2 Exergy analysis of liquefaction...................

82

4.3

Coal policy......................................................................

87

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CHAPTER 5

Conclusion................................................................................

REFERENCE ...........................................................................................................

97
98