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Exp 4.1

4.4.1.2


Column is subjected to an axial load of 373kN Where axial load =
(w/2 + L/2) x Ultimate load
( 12.85/2 + 4.5/2) x 43 = 373 kN.
A horizontal load due to wind actions on the overall structure is 2.381kN
The column is 300 mm square by 3300mm long measured from top of foundation to the centre of slab.
The column is subjected to a 1 hour fire resistance on three exposed sides. Assuming the base spring and
top is unbraced.

Cover
c
nom
= c
min
+ c
dev

where cmin = max[cmin,b, cmin,dur]

where
c
min,b
= diameter of bar. Assume 40 mm main bars and 10 mm links
c
min,dur
= minimum cover due to environmental conditions.
Assuming primarily XC3 / XC4, secondarily XF1, cmin,dur = 35 mm
c
dev
= allowance in design for deviation = 10 mm try c
nom
= 40 + 10
=50
= 50 mm to main bars
or = 35 + 10 = 45 mm to 10 mm links (45+10 = 55mm to main bars) Therefoere use Nominal cover,
c
nom = 45 mm to 10 mm links































3300mm
Column
300 x 300
Slab
Foundation

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Istruct E
T5.15










BS EN
1992-1-1
6.4.5







2.4.2.4.1






5.1




Fire resistance
Fire resistance R 60 and use conservative value of
fi
= 0.7

Therefore Minimum dimensions = 300 and a= 40mm

check on c
nom
: 45mm + 40mm/2 = 65 mm > 40 mm

Effective depth d

d = 350mm - 65mm = 285 mm ;d =285mm
Design yield strength of reinforcement
f
ywd,ef
= 250 + 0,25 d f
ywd

250 + 0.25 x 285 = 321.25 N/mm

2
f
ywd
= k x f
yk
/ s = 1.05 x 500 / 1.15 = 457 N/mm
2
therfore f
ywd,ef
=
321.25 N/mm
2

Design value of concrete compressive strength
f
ck =
30 N/mm
2
f
cd
=
cc
f
ck
/
c
= 1 x 30/1.5 = 20 N/mm
2

Imperfections of columns
Imperfections as represented by an inclination , given by
i =
0

m
where

0
is the basic value:
0
= 1/200 = 0.005

h
is the reduction factor for length or height = 1

m
is the reduction factor for number of members = 1

Therefore i = 0.005 x 1 x 1 = 0.005

Therefore flexibility of rotation restraint
k = (
i
/ M) (E / l) where k recommended = 0.1

where:
Mz = Horizontal force x l = 2.381kN x 4.5m = 10.7kNm = 10.7x 10
6
n/mm

fcm = fck + 8 & E
cm
= 22 (fcm/10)
0.3

& E = E
cm
=
33000N/mm
2

I = 300mm x 300mm
3
/12 = 75 x10
6
mm
4


k
1
= (0.005 / 12 x 10
6
) x (33000 x 75 x 10
6
/4500) = 3.30 > 0.1
therefore k
1
= 3.3 & k
2
= (no restrains)

Io = l x max { (1+10 x 1)
1/2
= 11
1/2
= 3.32 ; (1 + 3.3/4.3) x (2) = 3.5}
lo = 4.5 x 3.5 = 15.74 m = 15740mm
e
i
= eccentricity due to imperfections & e
i
=
i
l
0
/2 = 0.005 x 15.74 /2 = 0.04mm

e
i min
= h/30 but not less than 20 mm 300/30=10mm e
i min
= 20mm < 30mm









ok







321.25
N/mm
2



20 N/mm
2












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5.8.3.2





























5.8.8.2


First order moments
M
02
= Mz + e
i
x N
ed
2.381kN x 4.5m + 0.04 x 373 = 25.63 kNm
Slenderness

Slenderness = l
o
/i
where i = ( I/A)
i = Radius of gyration
= 15740mm / (75x 10
6
/(300x300)) = 545

Slenderness
lim

lim =
20 ABC / n
0.5

Where A = 1 / (1+ 0.2
ef
)
(if
ef
is not known A may be taken as 0.7)

A = 0.7


B = (1 + 2)^0.5 = 1.1

C = 1.7 r
m C = 1.7 0 = 1.7
where:
r
m
= M
01
/ M
02
= 0 / M
02
r
m
= 0

n = relative normal force = N
Ed
/ A
c
f
cd

n = 373 x 10
3 /
(300
2
x 20) = 0.15

Therefore
lim
=( 20 0.7 1.1 1.7 / 0.15
0.5
) = 67.6 < 545

>
lim
Therefore column is slender about z axis.

Second order moment

M
2
= nominal 2nd order moment = N
ed
x e
2

e = 0.1x l
2
x [ Kr x K x ( fyd / (Es 0.45d))]

K
r
= (nu n) / (nu n
bal
) 1.0
where : nu = 1 + = & 1 + 0.39 = 1.39

n = N
Ed
/A
c
f
cd
n = 0.15 & nbal = 0.4
K
r
= (1.39 0.15 ) / ( 1.39 0.5) = 1.41 > 1 Therefore Kr = 1.0

K = 1 +
ef
1


where = 0.35 + (f
ck
/200) (/150)
= 0.35 + (30/200) (545/150) = -3.13
K = 1 +(-3.13) x 1.6 = -4.28 < 1.0 therefore use = K = 1

e
2
= 0.1 x (15.74 x 10
3
)
2
[1 x 1 x (321.25 / (205000 0.45 x 285))] = 303mm


M
2
= 303 x 10
-3
x 373 = 113 kNm
















545








0.7



1.1
1.7

















303mm


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Design Moment
M
ed
= M
02
+ M
2
= 37.2+ 113=150.2 kNm
Ned = 373 kN
Therefore Calculating A
s
required by using Column charts
d/h = 285 mm / 300 mm = 0.95 use chart for 0.95

M/bh
2
f
ck
= 150.2 x 10
6
/ ( 300 x 300
2
x 30) = 0.19
N/bhf
ck
= 373 x 10
3
/ ( 300 x 300 x 30)m= 0.14

Therefore: chart value = 0.3

As = 0.3 x b x h x fck / fyk = 0.3 x 300 x 300 x 30 / 500 = 1620 mm
2


Check minimum reinforcement!

Rules for detailing
Longitudinal reinforcement
A
s,min
maximum of (0.1N
Ed
/f
yd
; 0.002A
c
)

As,min = 0.1 x 373x 10
3
/ 321.25 = 116mm
2
0.002 x 300
2
= 180mm
2


As,req = 1620mm
2
As, prov = 1625mm
2

As, max < 0.04 Ac < 0.04 x 300
2
= 3600mm
2
> 1625mm
2

Transversal reinforcement
Smax = 20 x 30= 600mm
Smax = < 300mm
Smax = 400
Therefore Smax = 300mm
































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Concise
EC2
Design Basis
The limit states of stability strength and serviceability needs to be considered.

Design Action
Permanent load
Slab = 25 x 3.5 x 2.25 x 0.22 = 43.31 kN
Roof = 2.35 x 3.5 x 2.25 = 18.51 kN
Beam = 25 x 0.5 x 0.3 x ( 3.5 + 2.25) = 21.56 kN
Column = 25 x 0.3 x 0.3 x 2.38 = 5.36 kN
Sum of permanent load = 43.31 + 18.51 + 21.56 + 5..36 + 0.2 ( services) = 88.94 kN
Therefore Gk= 88.94 kN
Variable load
Imposed load = 0.6 kN/m
2
x 3.5 x 2.25 = 4.725kN
Horizontal load ( wind action )
Assuming half of the wind directly hitting the wall acting on the foundation
Aref = (4.5 x 2.38 )/ 2 = 5.355
F
we
= 1 x (-0.323 x 5.4) = -1.74 K
N
F
wi
= 1 x ( -0.04 x 5.44) = -0.216 kN
Therefore the total force acting on foundation = -1.74 (- 0.216) = - 1.52 kN
Axial load
ULS
N
ED
= 1.35 Gk + 1.5 Qk = 1.35 x 88.94 + 1.5 x 4.725 = 131.63 kN
HORIZONTAL LOAD (ULS)
N
ED
= 1.35 x 0 + 1.5 x -1.52 = -2.28 kN
Design Moment
From column calculation Design Moment (M
ed
= M
02
+ M
2
= 37.2+ 113=150.2 kNm)
Therefore determining ULS ( Geo) Assuming 50% permanent action & 50 % variable action
M
ED
= 29.95 KNm
Member size of foundation
To satisfy eccentricity
e = Med/ Ned = 29.95 / 131.63 = 0.228
To achieve e d/6 try d = b = 1.36m
Try 1.5m x 1.5m x 0.8m deep e < d/6
Ground bearing pressure:

















88.94 kN





4.725kN









- 1.52 kN


131.63 kN


-2.28 kN


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Exp 4.1
Istruct E
Table B2






Annex C
Table C1

Size of foundation = 131.63 / 120 = 1.097 m
2
( Area of foundation)
Therefore the size of foundation is> 1.097 Thus a moment will add up to the ground pressure
Hence try 2m x 2 m x 0.8m
Checking ground bearing pressure
N
found
= 25 x 2 x 2 x 0.8 = 80 kN
Structural resistance = N
ED, found
= 1.35 x 80 = 108kN
P = N
ED
+ N
ED, found
= 373 kN + 108 = 481 kN

2
= 481 / 2 x 2 29.95 x 6 /( 2 x 2
2
) = 120.25 22.46
= 142.85 < 168 & = 97.65
Flexibility of foundation
d = 2 & d column = 0.3 , h = 0.8 ,Vmax = 0.8
Therefore V = 2/2 0.3/2 = 0.85> 0.8 Therefore foundation is flexible.
Cover
Cover
c
nom
= c
min
+ c
dev

where cmin = max[cmin,b, cmin,dur]

where
c
min,b
= diameter of bar. Assume 20 mm main bars
c
min,dur
= minimum cover due to environmental conditions = 40mm
Assuming primarily XC3 / XC4, secondarily XF1, cmin,dur = 35 mm
c
dev
= allowance in design for deviation = 10 mm try c
nom
= 40 + 10 =50
= 50 mm to main bars
d = 800- 50mm = 750 20/2 = 740mm
Yield Strength of reinforcement
Fywd, eff = 250 + 0.25 Fywd = 250 + 0.25 x 740 = 435 N/mm
2
Fywd = k x fyk/ = 1.05 x 500/1.15 = 457 N/mm
2

K=(fe/fy) k 1.05 for steel grade A
Concrete compressive strength
Fck = 30 N/mm
2
, fcd = = 1 x 30 / 1.5 = 20 N/mm
2

Flexure design
Design moment at face of column
Mean GBP = (120.25 + 142.25)/ 2 = 131.25 kN/ m
2

M = w x v
2
/2 = 131.25 x 0.85
2
/2 = 47.41 knm
K = M
ED
/ bd
2
fck = 47.41x10
6
/ ( 1000 x 740
2
x 30)= 0.003
Limit z/d to 0.95















ok




OK












740mm

435 N/mm
2




20 N/mm
2






z/d = 0.97


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Table 6.1

Z = 0.95 x 740 = 703mm

Klim > Kf ; Therefore NO compression reinforcement needed

Reinforcement required

As = M / ( 0.87z Fyk) = 47.71 x 10
6
/ 0.87 x 703 x 500 = 156 mm
2
As, min = 0.26 fcm, btd/fyk
Fctm = 3.08 N/mm
2

Bt = 1
Asmin = 0.26 x 3.08 x 1000 x 740/500 = 1185 > 156 & 0.0013 x 1000 x 740 = 962 > 156

Try H20 B : As, prov = 7 x 320 = 2240
Asreq/As,prov = 1185/2240 = 0.53 : Therefore aggregate needs to be limited to 0 20mm
Punching shear design
Ved =Ned = 373KN
A1 = 300
2
= 0.09m
2
Ved, red = Ved -
= A1 x ( GBP Self weight of foundation)
=0.09 x ( 120.25 ( 25 x 0.8) = 9kN
Ved,red= 373 9 = 364 kN
Shear stress at column face
Ved,max = Ved,red/ud
D = mean effective depth of slab (dy + dz)/2
Dy = h Cnom 0.5 = 800 50 0.5 x 20 = 740
Dz = h Cnom 1.5 = 800 50 1.5 x 20 = 720
D = ( 740 + 720 ) / 2 = 730mm
Vo = 300 x 4 = 1200
K = 0.7
W1 = c1
2
/2 + c1c2 + 4c2d + 16 d
2
+2dc1
W1 = 300
2
/2 + 300 x 300 + 4 x 300 x 730 + 16 x 730
2
+ 2 x 730 x 300 = 10913419mm
2

U2 = 2 x 730 = 1460
U1 = 1460 x 2 = 9174mm
= 1 + k Med/ved x u1/w1










156 mm
2







Use
Asmin















364 kN



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Bs EN 1992
(6.50)






= 1 + 0.6 x 47.41/373 x 10
3
x 9173 / 10913418 = 1 N/mm
2

Ved,max = 1 x 373 x 10
3
/ 1200 x 730 = 0.43 N/mm
2

Shear resistance of strut
Vrd,max = 0.5v, fcd
Fcd = 30/1.5 = 20
V = 0.6 ( 1 FCK/250) = 0.6 ( 1 30/250) = 0.53
0.5 x 0.53 x 20= 5.3 N/mm
2

Vrd, max = 5.3 N/mm
2
> Ved, max = 0.43 N/mm
2



Maximum shear strength Vrd
Vrd = Crdc k ( 100, fck)
1/3

Crdc = 0,12
K = 1 + 200/d = 1 + 200/730 = 1.52
Vrdc = 0.12 x 1.52 ( 100 x 0.003 x 30 )
1/3
= 0.36N/mm
2

As.bwd = 2240/ 1000 x740 = 0.003
Vrdc= Vmin x d/a
Vrdc = 0.035 fck x k
3/2
x 2d/a
Vrdc = 0.035 x 30
3/2
x 1.52
3/2
x 2 = 0.36 N/mm
2

Uout, eff = x Ved / ( Vrdc x d)
= 1.52 x 373 x 10
3
/ 0.36 x 730 = 2157mm
Distance from column face = Uout eef 4h / 2
= 2157mm 4 x 800 / 2 = 0.36N/mm
2

Shear stress at Uo
2
Ved,red (Uo
2
) = 0.5d
A0.5 = ( 0.5d + dcol/2)
2
x = (730 x 0.5 + 300/2)
2
x = 0.83
Ved,red = Ved - Ved
Ved = 0.83 x ( 120.25 25 x 0.8 ) = 83.2kN
Ved,red = 373 83.2 = 289.6
Perimeter at 0.5 d = 0.5 x 730 = 365mm
Uo
5
= 365 x 2 x + 300 x 4 = 3493.4mm
Ved at U2 = x Ved /( Uo
5
x d )
1.52 x 113 x 10
3
/ ( 3493 x 730 ) = 0.06 N/mm
2
< 1.52N/mm
2
= Ved
Therefore No shear reinforcement required














ok










0.36N/m
m
2









2157mm

0.36N/mm
2



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Therefore N































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