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D-p. APXI'IT. APArOMl-1p

IlPC<I>ECOP
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rPA VlHCTAnAUVIJE
I )J,E:o'-
I_ -J , ..
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"TPA'BEBJ1HCKA IObJ.1rA"
Yl3,nABA'IKO IJPE,nY3ETl.E Mt1HJ.1.CTAPCTBA rPA'BEBt1HA HPC
BEOfPA,n 1950
Ll-p. APXIH. ,llPAroMrlP M. TA,llI .. ll,
npOUlECOP
rPA "bEBV1HCKE V1HCTAnAUV1JE
1.ll.EO
-
KYT1HA KAHAJlJ!13AUVlJA

LlPyrO I-13LlAf-bE
"rPA'BEBY!HCKA KH::.Y!rA"
J.13,ll;ABA'IKO ITPE,lI;Y3E'BE MY!HY!CT APCTBA rPA 'BEBY!HA HPC
BEOrPA,ll; 1950
Dey KfbUZY noceetzyjeM 6pOjHUM 2eJ-tepaljujaMa AWjuX
6ueUlUX 1jaKa a maKO ucmo caoaUlfbuM U 6yOytzUAt zeHe-
paljujaAta. HeKa UM OHa nocAY:JICU Kao nomcmpeK y paoy
Ha YHal1pe1jeTbY l ~ a l e apxumeKmOHcKe cmpYKe, KaKO 6u 11
OHU ceoja uCKycmea npeHOCUAU Kp03 KfbUZY oalbUM 110KO-
\ ' ,
lbefbUMa U mUMe cAeiJuAu npuMepy, KaKO mpe6a CAy-
:Jlcumu iJpYZOAte, KOju caM npUMep U ja npUMUO y Ha-
cAe1je 00 ceojux poiJumelba, y'wmelba U npotjiecopa.
1 9'5 0
lllTAMnAPJIIJA "npOCBETA"
nPEnrOBUP nPBOM 113MlbY
Oaa KJ-bl'lfa 0 "l(ytmoj Kal-laAU3aljuju" tJHJlI1 caJ\1O jellc. H .!l eo 113 . o6Jlacnt
"rpaljeaHHCKHX I1HCTeJlaUHja" HJlH "CaHHTapHe TeXHHKe", H. TpeTHpa y
.l\eTaJbHMa jellaH BpJlO Ba)l{aH CaCTaSHI1 Ileo caBpeMeHor
rpallHSO ce O)l,HOCI1 Ca"l0 H.a l1,1iCTaJlaUl1jy y 3rpailaMa na 110 npHKJbylJJ(a y
ra)l,cl( H jaBHH KaHaJl, Tj. OIlHOCI1 Ce Ha rpailose J<OjH j,J,'lajy BOIlOBOIl 11
J<aHaJlI13aUl1jy. MeljyTI1M, C 06311pOM Ila je y Hac Behl1Ha rpalloaa 11 HaCeJba
6e3 KaHaJll13aUl1je, o6paljeH je y 1(J-b11311 HapOJlI1TH )l,eo 0 xl1rl1jeHcKHM-
CenTH'1KI1M jaMaMa 11 ypeljajl1Ma, )(ojl1 oMoryhyjy 'npl1MeHY MOllepHe I1HCTa-
JlaUl1je y 3rpalll1 ca BeJlI1I{OM nOTpOlllJ-bOM BOlle H TaMO, r )l,e HeMa YJll1YHe
KaHaJll13aul1je.
Ha Kpajy I{J-bl1re llaTI1 cy CaMO OCHOSI1 J{aHaJlJ1CaJ-ba HaCeJba, KOjl1 pa.l\
11311a311 113 oncera rpaljeBI1HapCTBa y y)!{eM CMI1CJlY H IlOJla311 y HallJle)l{HOCT
XI1)1,pOTeXml'lpa aJHI caM CMaTpao 3a KOPI1CHO, )l,a llaM om.uTe nojMoBe
o TOMe. C 06311pOM Ha Be3Y ca yp6HI1CTI1l1KI1M np06JleMI1Ma HeCeJba .
Oope)l, lJl1CTO TeXHJ1tjKOr rpa)l,l1sa, o6paheHa je nBlJ{J-ba Ha onWTe
J{y11TypHI1 11 3,UpaaCTBeHI1 3HatJaj I{aHaJlH3aUI1je 11 TO je HapOIJl1TO I1CTal<HYTo
y YBO)l,HOM )l,eJlY a 11 I(P03 OCTaJll1 TeKCT ce npOSJlatJl1 BCTa l1)1,eja. Oao je
ytJHJ-beHO y UHJbY ynyhl1aaJ-ba 3aHHTepeCOBaHI1X y nonyJlapH3aUI1jl1 oae, KOIl
Hac 3enoCTaBJbeHe TeXHHtJ}(e rpaHe.
0090)1, 3a oay KJ-bHry )l,a11a MI1 je Bemma npa3HI1Ha y yJ,l6eHHUHMa
11 CTpyliHOj JlHTepaTypH 113 06JlaCTH caHHTapHe crpy}(e. Y3pOK TaHSOM CTa-
J-by Jle)l{H y. tJHJ-beHI1UH, je ,caojeBpeMeHO nponywreHo, )l,a ce TaYHO npeUH-
3l1pa, y tJl1JY HOMneTeHUI1JY YCTBapH cnalla OBa CTpYKa: y XH.I\pOTeXHHYKY
111111 y rpaljeal1HcHy.
TaHO je H )l,OlllJlO 110 Tora, Ila Ha TexHI1t)KoM <l>aHYJlTeTY CBe 110 CHopa,
CTYlleHTI1 apXI'lTeHType HI1Cy YonIlITe HMaJlI1 Taj npe.l\MeT a Ha rpalj eal1HC}(OM
OTceHY, y3 OnI.uTY Xl1llpOTeXHImy, Hoja ce 6al1l1 Bl1we jasHHM EeJlI1I{)1M no-
cTpojeJ-bHMa, caMO Ce OSJlalll 1l0TI1tJe rpaljeBI1HCKH J-beH )l,eo.
Je)l,l1HO je rrp06JleM npaBI1J1HO 6110 nOCTaBJbeH y EeorpallcFoj CpellJ-boj
TexHl1
l
lHoj WKOJlI1, rile je Oil J-beHOr OCHI1BaJ-ba yaelleH Ha
ElTCel{y Hao 3ace6HI1 npe,UMeT "KyhHe 11HCTaJlaUI1je", O)l,aKJle ce yrnaBHoM
11 perpyTosao HOB Hallap OBY CTpyHy.
C Tora je KJ-bl1ra npBeHCTBeHO HaMeJ-beHa HallleM TeXH11
1
lKOM nO)l,MJlaTHY
I{aKO OHOM y lllHOJlaMa, TaKO H OHOM Y npl1Bpe)l,H. OHa JIIO)Ke 1l06po ;na
nOCJlY)l{l111 npojeKTaHTl1l\1a 11 113BOlja'1I1Ma, jep he y J-boj Hahl1 cae nOTpe6He
nponl1ce, ynYTcTaa, Ta6eJle 11 Hapollwro I1CKYCTBa 113 nf)aKce.
TaKo I1CTO MO)Ke HOPI1CTI1T11 11 MJla,noM HaCTaEHO,\\ l{allPY, 1<0 jl1 he y
}bO j Hahl1 cal{YJT.TbeHO H K11aCI1<!>11Ul1paHO'i rpaAMBO, 113 ]{ora MO)J{e 0.n.a6panl
npeMa nporpaMy H paHry WKOne, OHO 000 My 6YAe nO'fpe6Ho. CTora cy y
l{l-bHry YHeTa H nOTpe6Ha TeOpUCKa pa3MaTpatba np06neMa, KaKO 61f ce
JJ;ana jeD.Ha C0n11D. HHja OCHOSa 3a npoyl/aaatbe rpaD.H"3a.
Ha Kpajy TeKCTa npHnO}!{eH je pe<IHIfK H3aeCHHX pel/If H H3pa3a, }(oj"
Ce l/eCTO cpel'iy y CTpyl/HHM l/aCOrrHCHMa, KtbHraMa H rrpeD.aJatbHMa.
3a JJ;Y}!{HOCT JJ;a ce rrOJO).{OM 1f3Aatba 03e KtbHre H Ha
030M MecTY j a3Ho 3axaanHM If TO npaeHCTseHO MOMe Y3a}!{eHOM npo<Jlecopy
11. naJbaHHjy, Ca BHCOKor 11HCTHTYTa 3a HH}!{HtbepCT30 y TYPHHY, KojH je
caojHM cjajHHM rrpe).{aaatbHNl a H3 "rpaijeSHHCKe xHnl jeHe H caHHTapHe
TeXHHKe", ycneo ).{a y MeHH rrp06y).{H IfHTepec 3a 03Y CTpyKy H YKa}!{e Ha
tbeH 3Hal/aj, Te CaM rr apanenHO ca apxHTeKTypoM, CTanHO paAHO H npaTIfO
paaaoj caHI1TapHe TeXHHKe.
Ca ).{Y}!{HOM rra}!{tbOM YKa3yjeM Ha ).{ yrorOAHWtbY yCKy H
capa!{tbY ca HCl<yCHHM rr03HaaaOl.\eM If npal{TIfl/apOM BaCH1HljeNI OllejHIfKoalfM
BHWHM TeXHHl/KHM l/HHOaHI1KOM rrplf npojeKTaHcKOM 3aSOAY HPC ca KOjlfM
CaM y TOI<Y paAoaa npeTpecao cae rrp06neMe oae c:rpyRe.
, 3axaaJbyjeM H HH)I(. BllaJlHMHpy rHOaHI.\I<OM, weqJy YlHcTanal.\RUHor
6'Hpoa npojeK'l'BHl'Cl{Or 3aaOAa H . P. Cp6Hje, KOjl1 j e y C30jCTy cTpy'!Hor
pettJepeHTa [(ao Bpno KopHcHe cyr.ecnlje, RaKO 61f 030 npao H3JJ;atbe Hcrralle
WTO ycneJlHje.
31XaatbyjeM Ce H OCTanIfM . capa:t:\HHI.\HMa If I.\pTal/HMa, KOjl1 cy JwrrpH-
Heml 0 rrpeMI1 I.\pTe}!{a H ooaMrre. .
,4-p. ' ApxUlneKm. ,4pazoJlwp M. TaiJufi
) nporjiecop
nPE).:{rOBOP ).:{PyrOM M3MlhY
,D,pyro 113AaJbe 0 RyllHOj RaHUAU3(}lJUjU 113na311 y J<paTI<OM pa3Mah:Y O,!l
npBOr npeMa YJ<a3aHoj nOTpefil1. TOM npnl1J{oM cy Y411JbeHe 113BeCHe npenpaBl<e
J1 ,!IonyHe HOBI1M Tafinl1uaMa J1 TeJ<cTOBI1Ma, nponpaheHI1M HOBI1M CnJ1J<aMa.
nOBOAOM Tora menJ1M oBAe Aa 113jaBI1M: ,!Ia CMaTpaM 3a HajBehy Harpa,I\Y
Ca3HaJbe, ,I\a CaM y CEOM nOJ<ylUajy nponanfpaFba oae TeXHH'lJ<e rpaHe J1
nO,!lpOfiHOr yno3HaBaJba 'lI1TaOua ca JbOM, y TOMe ,I\OHelfne ycneo J1 lUl1PY
TeXHI14J<y jaBHocT 3a I1CTY 3al1HTepeCOBao.
, nllCUIj
I{Y11.HA I{AHAJU13Al\MJA
I. OnIIITH AEO
1. Omll TH noj MoBH 0 l(aHaJIH3al.\HjH H . lbeHoj CBPCH
I{aHaml3al.\Hja CJIY)lw ' 3a O)lBO)l ynoTpe6JbeHe H HeLJHCTe BO)le H33rpa)la.
To ce nOC1'H)I.e je)lHHM 3aTBopeHHM H Henpelul)lHHM CHCTeMOi'l\ l.\eBH H KaHaJla,
1'e IJO CBOjOj cyUITHHH H cjl)'HKI.\HjH I(aHaJlH3a1.\Hja cna)la ' y rpyny HHCTaJla-
y 3rpaAH. AJIH 1.\0UITO je y yCKOj Be3H ca CaM.OM 3rpa)lOM, TO ce HCTO
TOmll(O MO)f(e Yi3pCnrrH H y rpaljeSHHCKe pa)lOBe. I{aHaJlH3al.\Hja je BHUIe
.Hero 11 je)l Ha )l pyra HHCTaJlal.\Hja y 3rpa)lH, y BeJlHJ(oj MepH 3aBHCHa O)l
pa3HHX rpalje:H1HCKI1X pa)losa. TaKo HCTO H caMO lbeHO H3Bolj elbe H noje-
Jl. 11HI1 lbeHH tleJlOBH npeTCTaBJbajy HCTO TOJlHJ(O rpaljeSHHCI( H nacao, KOJHII(O
11 vi HCTaJlaTepCJ(H. OTY)la OCHOBHH TeXlmLJJ(H eJla60paT 3a nO)lH3albe HeJ( or
rpalje3l1HCJ(or 06jeJ(Ta Tpe6a Bei; O)l nOLJeTJ(a lberOBOr CaCTaBJbalba)la ca-
APl lUI nOTpe6He nO)laTKe H eJleMeHTe 0 KaHaJlH3aI.\Hj l1.
flpeMa TOMe KaHaJlH3al.\I1ja ce y CBOjOj l.\eJloKynHocTH MO)l(e Ta1(olj e
oC3pCTaTH H y 3aBpUIHe rpaljeBHHCI(e pa)lOBe T. j . y onpeMy rparyeBHHe.
flo cso jl1M. caCTaBHHM )leJlOSHMa H csojoj KOHCTPYJ(I.\HjH, caBpeMeHa I(aHaJlH-
npeTCTaBJba BPJlO CJlOll(eH TeXHHLJJ(.I1 nocao, O)l <lHjer npaBHJlHor H
oCTpYLJHOr H3solj elba 3aSHCI1 caMO ycneUIaH H cHrypaH O)lBO)l oma)lwe BO)le
H3 Kyl1e, Bel1 3aSHCH H caMa cTa6vlJl HOCT 3rpa)le.
CaepeMeHI1 npoj el<Tam, O)l npBor CBor nOTesa npl1 pelllaBal'bY Hel(Or rpalj emUICI(or
npooneMa, . Mopa I1CTOBpeMeI-1O MHcmiTH Ha nOTpe6e H MoryliHocTH Haj 60lber Ii Hajl.\enli -
-CXOJ1Hlij er pasMewTaj a )lOBOJ1a Ii O)lBO)la Bone y sr,panH. Y npOTHBHOM li 3.na)I<e ce PH3Hl(Y
J\a sana)lFle Y Bpno My4He H 4ecro 6eSH3naSHe cIHyal.\lije.
Haj'leUIliH Y3POJ( CJler aFba H 3rpa)la JlenUI y JlOUIOj I<aHaJl H-
3aw1jH. flOSO)l MOlf(e 6HTH pljaBO aJll1 HCTO TaRO 11 cJla60 CMI1-
1.I.IJbeH H JlOUIe npojeKTosaH nJlaH.
ORa HHCTaJlal.\Hj a ql1HI1 H3yseTaJ( H3Meljy OCTaJl I1X y KyI1H, jep Ce He
.!\a UIa6J10HH3I1paTH, I<ao UITO je CJJY<laj ca HeKHM )l pyrHM, J(oje cnpOSO)le
je)l HOCTaBHltje TeLJHOCTH. fla H caMe l.\eSH 3a O)lBO)l ).I I1Cy j e)lHo06pa3He H O)l
HCTor MarepHjaJla a noje)l I1HI1 caHHTapHH ypeljajH 'raT<O cy pa3HospCHH Meljy
-C060M, )la csaKH <JHHH Hanpasy cDoje BpCTe, T<aJ(o no CBOM 06J1HI( Y H 1<0H-
CTPYJ(I.\HjH, TaJ(O H no MaTepvljaJly O)l I( ora j e 11 3rpaljeH'. CTora
osor TeXHHQJ(or nocJla Tpe6a nOCBeTH1'H 036HJbHY nawlbY H CxsanlTH I<ao
HeonxOtlHH cacraBHH )leo TeXHHLJ1<or 06pa30sa lba CsaKor rpalj esYl Hcl( or
CTpYLJlbaKa. .
7
2. npHpoAa H caeTaB KyhHHX oTnaAHHX BOAa
Patlll WTO 60Jber H npallllJHllljar npoYllaBatba TeXHI'I4He cTpaHe npo-
6neMa, nOTpe6Ho jc npe C3era yn03HaTI1 ceo ca csoJcTBHJ\\a caM.e Te41'!OCTl1
KO.iY osaj Tpe6a Aa Cnp0130AI1. OA Tora 3a13l1cH MaTepl1j3n I<OJI1 ce
Mopa ynoTpc6l1HI, Halll iH lleo npl'l paAY .
Kytule OTnallHC sOlle 411He JeAHY cneUI1JanHY SPCTY Te4HOCTI1, KOJC ce
caC311,\\ pa3mlKyjy O}.l C3HX llpyrl1x, Koje JlQna3e Y 063.l1p KOtl pa3HI1x rpa- I
IjcJI1HcfO<Ix l'IHcTanaUHja. no CiJojoj npl1pOll11 OHe cnaAaJY Y npJbaSC 11 3ara-
IjeHc SOl l e. CSC olle nOTI-IIIY yrna3HoM OA yrroTpe6e y AOMal'il1HCT3Y 11 y
IHI lyCTPl1jll, Oil JbY/lCKI1X 11 )KH30TI1I-bCKI1X CI(CKpCMeHaTa, Kao II Oil nOJP-
WI-\HCKor cmma OA I( HWa H OTonJbeHor CHcra.
CTora jc I-bCH cacTas spno CnO)f(CII. HajBel'iH ACO "I1HH OOl1llHa yno-
Tpe6JbeHa 3011a Oil pasHora npal-ba, l<al<O y 1l0MahI1HCTSY, Tal(O 11 Y I1Hny-
CTPI1jl'l , 3aHIM omaTUH xpaHC, 6J1aTO OA 113MCTa, MOl<paha H TaJl03H Oil
aTMocq,epCI<I1X' SO/la. npCMa TOMe l<yl'iHe oTnaAHC sOl\e nopCA TC4Bor lleJla
HMajy 11 rYCHII'la, TC jc caCTas CJlO)f(eH H y MeXaHI1
1
11<0M rrorJlelly.
Y TClJHOM CC AeJlY HaJla3e paCT130peHa 11 HcpaCT30peHa MHHcpanHa 11 opraH-
cl(a jeAHI'bCtba, a rycHlIlc cy HJlI1 y 4BpCTHX omallal<a OA (jlel(amlja
yrJla::lHOM opraHCKC npHponc 11J1H y SI1AY TaJlora 11 opraH-
cl<or MyJba.
OAHOC caC'raBHI1X AeJlosa y OTTlatlHlm BO,U2.Ma
AaT jc y Tal1J1I1UI1 J.
Ta6m.ua I . npoueHaT rnaRHllx cacTojal(a OTnallHIIX ROlla
OpraHC)(IIX M JlHepaJlHIlX ilC.10na
93, 15 '0 5, 1
0
0 1,4%
3. nOTpe6a II 3Ha'laj KaHailH3allHje
OHO WTO 11111-111 Kyl'iHC OTna!J.HC BOAC jecTe npHcycTSO OpraH-
(IUIX y lbHMa. OpraHCIUI OTnallH OA jeJla <jlel<aJlHj a TlO CBOM
XeMI1CI<OM cKJlony cnanajy y HCCTa6HJlHa OpraHCI(a jeAI1l:betba, Koja cy Hcno-
cTojaHa T. j . nOA1l0)!UIa cy XCMHCI(OM pa3J1aral-bY. npHJlHI<OM 03HX pa3J1a-
ratba OpraHCl<a j e!J. IHbCI-ba MCfbajy csoj npS0611TIIH XCMHCI<I1 CaCTas. CBa 03a
xCMHcKa npc06pal'iafba opraHCI<l1X MaTcpHja SCIHIHOM cy TPYJbHSH 11 CMpaAHII
npOUCCH, O!J.HOCHO npOUCCH spcl-ba -
CaspeMeHa .ie HaYI(a rral( YT3PllHJla, !J.a OSH rrpOllCCH HHCy IIHCTO XC-
MHCI(a rroja3a, ::lel'i WTO tic pCI'iH XeMHCI<C nojasc Koje
Ce 36Hsajy nOA !J.ejCT;:JOM )IUISIIX opraHH3aMa. Tc nojasc 113a3Hsajy CI1THH,
rOJlI1M OI<OM He3HliJbH3H opraHI13MH, 33(! 1H1 Ml1l<pOOpraHH3MH. CSH OSH MH!(PO-
Mory 611TI1 nopcl<Jla y BHJly pa3HHX rJbHBHua, HnH )1(11-
BOTHtbCI(Or rropel<Jla T . .i . 6a!(Tcpllja. I-bHx HMa cSYJla y npHpOA11: y Sa3Jlyxy,
y BOAaMa H y TcpeHY, oJlal(Jle HanaAajy )I(IoISY H pa3apajy MpTSY opraHCI<y
l\IaTcpHjy, CTsapajyl'iH npu TOMe CMpaJlHe II onaCHC I(Y)f(HC npouccc.
npeMa TOMC l(yl'iHe omaAHC BOAC HeMHHOSHO hc CaAp)f(aTH 11 6aJ<Te-
pl1je THAI npe, WTO oma}Hle oO!J.e, rropCA Tora WTO caJlp)f(e TPYJbl10C opraH-
CKC ,'i\aTcpHje HeonXOJlHC 3a Y.<1130T 6al(TCpHja, I1CTO TaKO npY}Kajy BPJlO
rrOSOJbHy cpel\I1HY 3a tbHXOSO pa3MHO)f(aSatbe. OBC flcnYfbasajy Tpl1 6HTHa
8
ycnoBa, a "TO cy: BJla)l(HOCT, I-t3BeCTaH CTeneH nOBI-IWeHe TeMnepaType (I<oj a
nOTl-ttle 011 ocn060ljeHe, naTCHTHe TonnOTe npl-lnl-tI{OM xeMI1CKO-(Pl-t3l-tQ1HIX
nOJaBa npl-t 1b11XOllOM pa3naraIbY) , cna6a acpaUl1ja H OTCYTHOCT lIejcTaa
CYH4aHl-tX 3paKOlla.
Bem11( H npl1nl-lB 6aI<TepHja y l(yIHIHAI omallHHM BOllaMa HacTaje 1-1
IIHPCKTHO nyTeM H3nY4HBalba JbYilCKI-IX I-t eKCI(peMeHaTa
(l-t3MCT, MOKpaha, 11CnJbYBUl-t, moj)o Y311Ma ce ila y HopManHoj tiOBel{OBoj
H3MeTI-t HenocpCIIHO no lIe(pel(aUI1jH, T. j. no H3nY4l-tsa1bY 113 OpraHl13Ma,
I-tMa y jCIIHOM Mrp. 01(0 80.000 pa3HHx cjlcpMeHaTa H no llJTpac-
6yprcpy jellHa oc06a 3a lIaH H3nytJH Ca CllOjHM CI{ CKpeMCHTI1Ma OKO 128
6HJ1I10Ha 6aJ<TepHja.
nopell Tora 011 060neJJHx oc06a 11 011. oc06a Knl1UOHOWa Mory y I<yiHle
omaJJ.HC BOlle 1I0CneTH H Tal<03S. " naTorCHC" Knl-tUC, jCIIHa Hap04HTa [JpCTa
6al(TCpl1ja I<oja Hanalla 40SC4Hjl-t opraHl-t3aM I-t 3a3I1Bajyhl-t TCWKa, Bpno ona-
CHa H CMPTOHOCHa 060Jbelba I(ao WTO cy: Tp6YWHI1 TH!\JyC, cpll060Jba, I{oncpa
I-t JtPyra llPCll Ha .
.upyrHM pe411Ma oma)1,He sOlie Mory 6HTH 1'1 3apa)l(eHC KY)l(l-IJ1M l(nl1-
uaMa, TC Tal(O Mory 611HI He ca,\IO 3araijeHe y 0611tJ1IOM CMHcny, [Jeh WKO-
ilJbl13e 11 onaCHe no 40:JeKOBO 3l1paSJbe . OHe Mory yrp03l-tTH tlOSCKy Ha Jl[la
Ha411Ha: HenOCpell HI-IM 11 nOCpeilHl-tM nYTCM. npBI-t j e cnY4aj Moryh, aKO je
CI1CTeM OJJ.BO)1,fbe y 3rpalll1 1-l eHcnpallaH Te nponywTa npJbaBy Te4HOCT, npll
4CMy nocTojH 60ja3aH 61'lno IlHpeKTHor J(OJ(Hpa ca KY)l(Hl-tM I<nHuaMa, 6Hno
nocpCIICTaOM I-tHCeKaTa . .upyrl1 nocpellHH je nYTCM 3apa)l(el-b3 nHjahe
6YHapCI(C I-tml I-t 3110 pCI(e BOIlC . OBO AIO)!(e HacTynl1TI1 I-t J1H ycneJJ. Hel1CnpaSHC
KaHaJII'l3aUllje 11nI1 0;:1. HenpOlll1CHI1X HY)I(HHlJHHX jaMa. 3araijeHa BOlla npo-
ilHpyhll y TepeH JJ.ocne3a )1,0 nOil3eMile nO)1,eHe )l(Hue H TaI<O je 3apa)!(yje.
Ha 03aj ll a4111-1 3apa)l(ella nHjal1a nOila MO)!{C 113a3113aTI1 y HaCeJbHMa 6C3
BOj\030ila MaconHa 060Jbclba T. j. npa3e cnHllcMl1je.
3aTO KaHanH3aUl1ja y uenOM cnOM TOKY Mopa 611TH TaKO cnponeileila If
H3seileHa ila HCI(JbY'lyje 06c rOPlbe MoryhHocnt. CHcTeM Mopa 6HTI1 cHrypaH,
HcnponycTJbHS 11 nomYllo 3a 6p30 OTKnalbalbC ornallHl-tX BOAa BaH
3rpaJla I-t HaCeJba. CaHHTaplHI ypel)ajll y 3rpaAaMa Alopajy OArOllapaTI1 Te-
XHI14101M ycn0311Ma H Mopajy 61-1TI1 1l0lleWCml l{ al<O 3a .ycnCIl!HO I-tCnHpaIbC,
Tal<O 11 3a naKO OAp)!{anaIbC
To cy pa3n03H KOjH HaMchy HeonxOAHY nOTpe6y Ylloljelba l(aHamI3a-
ul-tjc y HaCeJbHMa H ca3Hal'be 0 IbeHOM orpOMHOM 3)1, pa3cT3eHoM 3Ha
l
lajy_
l{aHanH3aUHja je I1CTO TOnl1l(O HY)l( Ha nOTpeoa I(ao 1'1 cHa6l1e:Jafbe HaCCJba
311paaoM nHjahoM 1l0l\OM, 'J"e 1'al{O Ba)KHY ynory y yp6aHl-t3aUl1jl1 rpa-
ilo:Ja 11 npeTCTaSJba rnaSHH ycno:J 3a xl1rHjeHy HaCCJba H acaHauHjy HaCe-
JbeHHX nOApytlja.
Y npal(THlJHOM cMHcny oMoryhaBa Haj :: c-hy yroilHocT II
YA06HOCT C'J"alloaafba II 60paBKa, jep 1I03CO:'haBa ofil1n1-ly yn.oTpe6y BOAe 3a
pa3He nOTpe6e y iloMal1l1HCToy, a y 3 1-laJno:JOJbI-IHje XI'lrMjeHCKe ycnOBe.
TaI<o KaHanH3alll'lja Jl06Hja jCAaH onWTI-t KynTypll11, 3Ha4aj.
\IICTO TaKas 31lalJaj liMa KaHanH3aUHja 11 y IHI21yC1'pl-tjl1. jeilHoM pe4H, \
lloTpe6a l(aHa-JlI13aul-tjc je HeMI1HOilHa , a J{OPHCTH Oil l"beHOr cy Otll'l-
rnCl\HC. npCMa TOMe )(aHaml3aul1ja npeTCTaaJba 2lS0CTpYJ<I1 np06neM: CaHl-l-
TapHH II TCXHl-t41{H.
Qlla y u enOM CBOM 'TOKY 01\ nO'ICTllI!X ",ccra C3lJI\TapllllX ypeJjaja 1\0 Kpajlbllx 'T3-
'1aKa 11311118a, 33IUje crpy'u"al\IUI3 calluT3p"C TCXIIIIKC 3H3T1le TCWKOlic 3a ycncumo pe-
WClbC np06ncMa.
9
C Tora KaHanH3auYlja Yl3HcKyje OA CTpYlJl-baKa caeCTpaHO n03Ha3al-be
np06neMa l(al{O y caHHTapHOM Tal(O y TeXHYl
l
lKOM nornellY. npoje1<aT KaHa-
JlYl3aUYlje Mopa 6Y1TYI 3HanalJ1<H CMHUIJbeH, a caMa HHCTanaUVlja Yl3seAeHa
.caaeCHO 11 Ca MaTepYljanOM.
4. OCBPT Ha pa3Boj
l-{aHanH3auYlja je cTapa KOnYl1<O H rpaljeBHHapcTao . 3HalJaj YI nOTpe6y
1-IelJ11CTe BOlle 113 JbYllCI(HX HaCeJba YOlJl1nYl cy Bell HajcTapYljYl
HapOlll1. 0 TOMe HMaMO 1l01(a3a y I1CKomIHaMa oll npeOCTanl1X Jl,peaHYlX rpa-
JJ.oaa EnmllaHa, Ba311nOfuaHa, <peHl1lJaHa, f'pKa 11 llpyrl1x HapOlla. CBI1 cy
<:e OHI1 TpYll l1ml lla y rpaHYluaMa OHllaUIl-bl1X TeXHl1
l
ll<I1X cpeAcTaBa peUIe
-oaaj np06neM. TaKolje 113 cnl1ca 3HaMeHI1TOr rplJKor I1CTOpl1lJapa XepOllOTa
<:a3HajeJ\\0 3a MHore nojelll1HocTI1 OHAaUII-be TeXHYlI<e l(aHanI1Cal-ba . 0 1'1 neTaJbHO
,0nl1cyje 113rnell Jl,peaHYlX rpallOBa: BaSl1nOHa, MeMqll1ca, Te6e, j epycanl1Ma,
CI1HOAa 11 llpyrl1X.
OnHcyjyll 11 Hajaelll1 ApeBIHI rpaA BaBl1nOH, YKa3yjylll1 Ha l-berOBO orpOMHO
npOCTpaHCTBO, Ha fuerOBe npaBl1nHe ynl1ue 11 SI1UIeCnpaTHe 3rpalle, Ha fuerOBe
J,I111-10BC1<e rpallCI<e 311AoBe 11 I<yne, XepOllOT ce AOTHlJe H l(aHa,T1I13aUl1je.
no onl1cy rpaA je I1Mao no nepl1<jJepl1jl1 HapOlJl1Te I{I1UIHe
KaHane, a y ue1;!Tpy rpalla Benl1l(e n01l3eMHe 311naHe KaHane. C311 cy ee
KaHanl1 ynl1Banl1 y peKy EyqlpaT, 1<oja je npOTl1uana cpeAHHOM rpaAa 11
611na perYJ1l1caHa 311AaHl1M I<ejoM. HeMa na cy saBHnOHCKI1 rpaAI1-
-reJb11 n03Ha3aml seUITI1HY 1<aHanHCal-ba, Kana cy ' ycnenH na ca TaKO orpOM-
Hl1X noapUIHHa onseAY KI1UIHI1UY 11 OT"naAHY Bony OA MHOlllTaa JbYAH, Tor
],ll1nHOHCKor CTapor rpana.
Mel)yTI1M, Ha OSOM nocny cae cy !"bHX CTapl1 PHMJbaHI1.
OHH cy 6allHnl1 y 3aCeHal( cse UITO je ' ypalj eHO npe 11 3a llY)!(11 HI13
seKosa H 1<aClmje Hapone. Meljy Haj selle panoae Ha oaOM nOJbY cnana l(aHa-
Jl l13au1'l ja rpaAa PYiMa 11 fuerosa llyseHa Cloaca maxima Tj . ca611pHI1 rpan-
CI(11 KaHaJI, KOjH ce yJIl1sao y pel<Y TH6ap . Oaaj I,IY1H03CI(11 n01l3eMlm
KaHan palj eH je 3a BpeMe uapa TapI(SI1Hl1ja. Taj KaHan nocTojH
11 naHac 11 6HO' je no CKopa HCKopHUIllasaH. Y MHOrl1M rpall0311Ma Eapone
na 11 y 6eorpallY, HaHJIa3H ce npHnHI<OM TeMeJba 3a H03e rpalll-be,
' Ha oCTaTI<e pl1McKe
nocJle nponaCTH pI1MCKe ' 1<ymype, lJOSelJaHCTBO je y 3anallHoj H ueH-
-rpaJ1llOj Esponl1 3anano y OnUITe He3Hafue H 3a llyro, lJl1TaSe Bel(OSe, )KH-
BenD 3elll1HoM oCKyAHO 11 npHMI1TI13HO. Bel( HHje r ajl10 HI1TI1 je
-3HaO 3a xHrYljeHy rpanosa. To je sel( cTpallIHI1x enl1neMl1ja. H JbYACI(YlX
nOMopa. OA eaponcl<l1x rpallosa napl13 je 6110 lfyseH no CSOj l1M
orpo IHI1M n01l3eMHI1M I<aHanl1Ma 3saHI1M KaJbyraMa. TH CTapl1 !(aHaJIH Be-
JIYllJI1He no Hel(01I 111(0 MeTapa y npelJHHI(Y, cnY>Ke YI llaHac 3a
onaoll aTMocqlepcKe rpanCKe Bone.
Ca HarnOM yp6aHYl3auHjOM 11 H3rpanl-bOM SenHl<11X H rYCTO HaCeJbeHI1X
rpa,l\osa EBpone y npyroj nOnOSYlHH X IX seKa, cae ce BHUIe nOCTaSJbaO
np06J1eM OJJ,SOlla orpOMHe 1(OJIHLJ I11-1e npJbaae SOAe 113 rpanoaa. PeUIel-bY npo-
JJ,onpl1HeO je SeJII1KH J1HnyCTpYlCI(11 none,. npl1 I<pajy npOUIJIOr 11 1-Ia
nOLJeTI<Y osor BeKa. HapOlJI1TO je pa3soj fiI HllycTpHje rSO)Klja H ueMeHTa 9MO-
ryllno Aa ce llOlje ,[(0 ,[(aHallIl-ber ycaspUIeHor HallHHa I<aHaJIH3aUHje.
10
5. BpcTe OTfiaAHI1X B'JAa
KytiHe OTnaAHe BOl e cy 3pJl0 LUTO 3aBI1Ci-! 011. MeCTa nOTpo-
UHbe [(ora rrOTH4Y Tj. 011. spCTe caHHTapHHX 06jeKaTa 11 yperyaja !{OjH npl1-
XBaTaJY pa3He H3JlHSe OSHX SOl1.a (0.'1: YAU1BaOHI1Ka, qeCaMa, cy):{Onepa, Kal1.a,
HY)l(HI1Ka, CJlI1SHI1Xa H ):Ip. npH60pa). C Tora ce HaMehe rroTpe6a tbl1X030r
capCTaBatba.
Y CTBapa Cae OHe TeKY H3MeLUaHe Kp03 OI1.BOI1.HH CI1CTeM J<ao jeAHo-
JlJ1lIHa TeKyhHHa 11 y TOj Ce eTanH He 6H M{}rJla AeJl I1TJiI y 3pCTe . nOAeJla je
rral{ Y04Jb!13a 11 rroTpe6Ha Ha rrOlieTH 11M MeCTI1Ma KaHaJlI13al.\H je Tj. 1( 011. no je-
,UI1HI1X npl1jeMHI1J<a, Kal(O 611 ce Kp03 oae 06aBI1JlO LUTO 'npaal1Jl HH je 11 cl1ryp-
Hl1je tbl1XOBO rrpl1XSaTatbe H LUTO Jlal([ue H l1.aJbe cnposoryetbe y
QASOAHI1 CI1CTeM. TaKo I1CTO je Sa)l(HO l1.a Ce yn03Hajy HenOSOJbHe H LUTeTHe
rrpl1MeCe rrojeAHHl1x BpCTa, Kal(O ce 6JlarOSpeMeHo oTCTpaHI1Jle npe yJl l13a
y l(aHaJlI13al.\HoHY Mpe)l(y.
Pa3Jll1Ka nojel1.HHI1X spCTa C30AI1 ce Ha Tpl1 rJlaSHe l!l1tbeHI1l.\e
H TO: pa3nt1411TOCT tbl1XOBOr XeMI1CI(Or 11 MeXaHI14Kor caCTaaa, pa3Jl11411TH
CTerreH 3araijeHOCTI1 11 Haj3aA Ha r(ojl1 ce O):lHoce 11 ):IeJlyjy Ha caMy
I1HCTaJlal.\l1jy H J.(eo O):l30):lHI1 CI1CTeM.
n peMa TOMe KyhHe Omal1.He BOl1.e Mory ce rrOl1.eJl I1TH y rreT BpCTa:
a) omnaOHe 600e 00 H Y JIe H U K a U n U C 0 a p a (rpeKaAHe 600e),
6.) " ICYXUHCKUX Cn AaIJ.UHa,
6) " P a 3 H 0 Z n p a Ib a,
z) " U HOy C m pUC K U X C n A a IJ. U H a, U
0)" "" a mAt 0 C rp e p C IC U X m a A 0 Z a.
Oaa je rro):leJla 04l1rJle}],Ha 11 ' HapOlfl1TO Ba)l(Ha KO}], rrptlY4aBatba cm!l1-
TapHHX ypeljaja, jep 011. Tora 3aBI1CI1 He caMO Ha411H 0}],30}]'a, seh w 06Jll11{
H noje}], I1Rl1x rrpl1jeMHlma H tbHXOB 11360p Y rrornel1.y I(SaJl I1-
TeTa H MaTepHjaJl 011. Kora cy carparyeH!1. CsojcTsa nojel1.HHHx spCTa cy .
cJlel1.e!;a:
a) HYJICHUIJ.Ke UAU rpelwllHe 61lamHe omnaOHe . 600e
Osa spcTa cna}],a y CSal(OM rrornel1.Y y HajHenOBOJbHl1je Bol1.e J<oje 3al1.ajy
HajsHLUe TeWI(otia, KaI(O y caHfn:apHoM norJlel1. y, TaKO 11 y TeXHl1lJl(OM
norJlel1.Y npaSI1J1HOr l.\eJlor Ol1.aOL\Hor CHCTeMa. To rrpoH3-
Jla3H H3 tbHX030r CJlO)KeNOr XeAlI1CI( Or H MeXaHJ1lIKOr eaCTaaa. OCHM yno-
Tpe6JbeHe npJbaBe BOl1.e, OHe cal1.p>I<e r y C T H H e - 6 JI a T 0 011. 11
M 0 K P a !; H Y J< H C e JI H H y. OaH cy cacTojl.\H CaaKI'! Banoce apJlo CJlO}f(eHOr
caCTaBa. CTora je rroTpe6Ho l1.eTaJbHO rrpoy4HTI1 tbl1XOS caCTas 11 J(OJlHlJHHY,
jep cy OHe 0l1.Jly4yjyhl1 (paJ<TOp y l.\eJloj J<aHaJlI1Sal.\l1jl1.
Ta6nHI.la II }{onll'lIiHa rnaBHIlX CaCTGjaKa !jJcKanHc BO/le Ha rnaBY II /lall ,
VlME AYTOPA
I
}{onH'IHfla y. rp.
<l>el<anHja
I
YpHHa
I
CBera rp.
no n apl<cy
I
75,00 1200,00 1275,00
"
BOn(py 82,50 967,50 1050,00
"
XHrHj. 3aaoilY . 93, 15 1172,60 1265,75
"
n pOCeqHO CpeJ\l"be-
94,71 1063,40 1265,75 eRpOnCJ{OM
-
"
}{HpxHepy 102,50 1230,00 1332,50
"
c,'u<puooy
112,7G 885,60 998,30
:
11
TaMlllla Ill. 1<0Jllf<IItHa <l>eKaJlHe OOlle npeMa nOIlY II Y3paCTY. 110 cJ>Kwepy
l<o" "'tI1Ha y Ill
no.' 1-1 Y3PACT
I I

Yp"Ha
Coera rp.
Myun<H oApacJln
150 1500 1650
}I{CHCI(II
..
-15 1350 1395
I
J(e<lallH 11 0 570 680
J
t
J(CBOj 'IHUC
25 450 475
I
Ta611lfua IV. CallP)llilHa KOJllf'lIlHa caCTaBHIlX lleJl OBa . <l> eKaJl He BOlle
l{oml 41111 a lIa r RaBY n y rp.
Y npnpO::\ 1I 0M cTal-by
I
I
i-13MeT MOl(paha YI<yIIHO r p.
I{OJII'I'lIf11a 'IBPCnlX ca
I
I
CTojal(a 30,30 63,00 93 ,30
}{omt4HHa oprancl(lI x
, 25,80 75,80
A30Ta 2 ,1 0 12, 10 14 ,20
MHHepamll1x .!Ie.nOBa 4,50 13,00 17,50
<1>occpopll e 1(lI ce.rume 1,64 1,60 3,24
n OTa I1l C . 0,73 2.22 2,95
Coera 65,07
I
141,92
,.
206,99
I
BOAC 67.93 1058,08 11 26,01
Yl(ymlo 133 ,00
I
1200,00
I
1333,00
I
I I
y Ta5J1 I1l\aMa II , II I 11 IV Jl.aTe cy npeMa cpeJUte-eilpor.CI' I1M 1l0Jl.al\I1Ma
11 llpeMa pa3HI1M ayTOpl1Ma, XeMMCl( 11 caCTaB 11 KOJ1M'II1He caCTojaFa JbYJl.-
CI{I1X <jlel<aJ1Mja, 113 ropful1X Ta6J1I1l\a BI1Jl.H Ce Jl.a jeAHa OJl.P CJ1a oc06a 3a
rOJl.l1Hy Jl.aHa 113J1YlJl1 eKCHpeMeHaTa Oil. 364- 486 1<rp. ,D,aJbe ce 3I1Jl. H Jl.a
ypl1He caJl.p)l{e npOl\eHTyaJ1HO BllUle 1l0jeJll1HI1x cacToj al<a Hero 11 3MeT. OTYJla
je MOl{pahe 3a J1el{ape nYTOl(a3 0 llpOMeHaMa Y'Io;: e'ljeM opraHM3MY
11 Y OJl.peljHsafuY npaBI1J1He Jl.I1jaTH03e fiO,leCTI1. KCTO Tal(Q 11 113MeT CilOjOM
ryCTI1HOM, 60jOM 11 Jl.pyrl1M npOMeHaMa 06jawfuasa nopeMehaje, y sapefuy.
npOl\eHaT nojeJl.111UIX C2. CTojaHa je llpOMeHJbHS 11 3a;:;v. CI1 HajsHwe Oil. BpC'Te
JI Ha'll1Ha HcxpaHe 11 Oil. cpa3Mepe ynOTpe6e 6HJbHe 11 MeCHo.Te xpaHe.
113 Ta6mll\e ce BJilAI1 TaKolje, Jl.a CI{OPO Haj selil1 npOl\eHaT omaAa Ha
o p r a H C I< e MaTepl1je/ ' Te ce 113 Tora MO)l{e 3aKJbY'l l1TI1 11 BeJ1/'fKI1 CTelleH
aaraljeHOCTI1. J{ao WTO je pe'l eHO TpyJbHBI1 11 CMpaJl.HI1 6110-XeMI1CI(I1 npOl\eCId
12
sa::3Hce O)l. 030r C Ten e H a 3 a r a I) e HOC T I{, a Ca IhHMa onaCHO H KytKHO )l.ej -
CT30 OTna)l.HHl;( BO)l.a. Tal<ol)e y O)l.llOCy Ha caMy H Lleo onBonHH
CHCTeM, HY)I(HH'II(e cy BO)l.e BPJlO HenOJOlbHe H npeTcTaBlbajy rJlaBrm Tex-
Hl1'1I(11 np06J1eM
6J1aro OA H3MeTI{ 360r caoje qapCTHHe H TetKUHe npHafba y3 3f1AOse
HYlKHH'II0lX npH60pa H OAJOAHHX ueBI!, OTetKaaa npaSHJlJiO I{ 6p30 cnupalhe,
11 a 1<0 ce TaJlOtKH y nOJlOtKeHHM ueilHMa H MO)l(e 1(0)l. HenponHCHo
npOjeKT03aHe H JlOUle H33eAeHe npOy3pOI(OaaTH l-bellO 3atJen-
Jbelhe.
MOKpaliHa I<HCeJlHHa HMa pa30pHO AejcTao lIa aeli,lHY r palj e::mHclulx
lUeHa cy aMoHHja4Ha Hcnapelha UlI(O)l.lbHsa H y BeJl HKoj MepVl
KylKe npOCTOp. . .
Tal{ o 11CTO 11 pa3HI1 racoaH 1(0jJ1 ce pa3BHj ajy I(ao np::lH npOAYI(TH
pa3J1a ral-ba opraHCI(HX MaTepHj a, npeTcTaBlbajy np06J1eM l(aKO caHHTapHH
-Tal (O TeXIIH41(H.
360r C31{X oaHX Hen030lbH'\1X OKOJIHOCTH ca3peMeHa caHHTapHa TeXHHl<a
npe)l.JH)l.eJla je H,I3 Mepa Aa 611 ce y6J1a)!(11J10 Hen030lbHO )l.ejcT::; o OB,IX UlKO-
J\lbH3HX cacTojaKa H ycneUlHo I1cnl1palhe CHCTeMa J1 OTI(JlOHHJla
MoryliHocT l-beroaor 3arYUlelha . Tal( o Ha. np. :
MaT e p H j a JI 3a npH60pe 11 0)l.30/lHe ue311 npeaytJeH je 3aUlHITHOM
rJlaTI<OM rJla3ypOM 3a JlaKllle cnHpalhe Ii nponlBy MOKpaliHe
I( HCeJlHHe . .
n pO n H C a H e cy ue3H nOTpe6HI1X lJ, I1MeH3Hja H O)l.peljeHJ1 cy lJ,03BO-
JbeHJ1 HarH61'1 OTHualha 3a nOJlO)I(eHe ueSH, )l.a 6H ce CMalbHJlO TaJlO)!(el-be
rycTHHa
n p e )l. J H Ij e H a cy KOHTpOJIHa MeCTa y O)l.BO)l.HOM CHC'feMY cByAa rile
JlOCTOjH MoryliHocT Iheroaor 3arYUlelha.
06 e 3 6 elj y j e ce AoaOlbHa I<OJlH4V1Ha BOlle 3a cnJ1p(llhe H pa3peljelhe
J13MeTa H MOI(pafie.
6) OmnaoHe Booe 00 K)'XUIbCKLlX CIllla4Wia
y 0)l.30)l.I-be, OlJ,MaX H3a HY)!( HH'II<HX BOlla, \ Haj :3efie TeUlKolie
sallajy I<YXHIhCKe CnJla'IHHe. OHe HMajy 1l0CTa CJlO)!(eH caCTaa, j ep CallptKe
o p r a H C I( e MaT e p H j e H M 11 H epa JI H H T a Jl 0 r. OpraHCl{e MaTepl1je
nOTH'IY Oil OTna)l.aJ<a xpaHe y3 BeJlHI<H npoueHaT AI aCT H, a MHHepaJlHH TaJlor
)l.OJla3H OA npalha 3eJleHH H n03plia K O)l. ynoTpe6e pa3HHx epeCTa3a 3a
{)AptKa:3alhe I<YXHIhCI(HX rrpH60pa y 'IHCTO'liVl.
<;:TeneH 3araijeHOCTH )l.OCTa j e 3HCOK, noUl'fO cy O)l.llaUH OA xpaHe op-
raHCI(ar nopel<Jla Te je H TpYJbUaOCT OBHX BOlla 3HaTHa.
Y OIlHOCy Ha HHCTaJlaUHjy H OA30AHH CHCTeM, nope)l. MexaHH4J<or Ta-
Jlora Hapo'll'ITy He3rOilY J1 TeUll<ol1y .npH'IHlha3ajy Mac H 0 11 e y I<YXJ1IhCIUIJlI
CnJla411-HaMa. Mac l' J1 HMajy Ty Hen030JbHY cTpaHY, UlTO Ce npfl HajMalheM
paCxJlaljJ13al-bY cT3plllhaaajy, a.. TO lIacTyna 'IHM TOnJia aOAa Oil npalha no-
cylja Ilolje y AOAHP ca xJlallHHjHM AeJlOaHMa CaHHl'apHHX o6jel(aTa 11 OA1l0A-
HHX
rrO.UlTO MaCT I1Ma cneuHQJI1'1t1y tetKI111Y Oil BOAe, 6pao wcnmlBaBa
Ha noapUlwHY, CT3pAlhaaa ce H Jle1ll1 _Ha 3HAOJe npHjeMHHl<a 11 OA1l0ApHX ueBI:!.
Ha Taj ce Ha411H cMalhyje BeJlH'IHHa OT:30pa 3a 113J1HBe H HacTaje OTe)!(aIlOCT
CnHpaH>a, AOI( Ce MaCT He HaXJaTa TOJlWI(O, aa ca IlpynlM nplbaSUlTWHaMa
Ht! Aose)l.e AO aanYUlelha ollsoAa.
13
3aTO je nOTpe6HO npe 113mIBa y l(aHaJl1l3aulljy 1-13Ailojl-l'lll H3 Cnna'lI-lHa
3a 50-70%. 030 ce OpWII y HapOlJIITHA\ HanpaaaMa 3a Ty Cilpxy
.. H 3 A il a j a'l 11 '" a '" aCT H
U
(</leTljlaHr) Kojn ce CTaBJbajy I-Inlf 1Gl0 caMO-
CTamm npH60pll y BOAy cmlBmll<a y nOllY (3a l<naHHuc, rapaIKe
H BCnHl<e l(yjHC) tJnH l(ao AOllaTaJ( HcnocpCAHO HcnoA I(YXI1JbCI(HX npHfiopa
(cy oncpa 11 npaOHl1l<a) y l(oMfiHHaUl1jH ca Xl1llpaynl1'IHI'IM 'Ieno'" - CI1(POIIO,\I.
Ha cmll.IH 146 npl11(a3aH je Hm 1'13JmajalJa MaCTH. npl1l!UHn Ha OCHOilY
I<ora cy 1,0HCTpYllcaHe OilC HanpaBc 3aCHl-lila ce Ha nponyulTalby Cnna'II1He
Kp03 cyA Ca nperpaAaMa Ha Taj Ha'II-IH, WTO he ce y C n 0 p H T H
TOI< BOlle J.I3Mel)y TalJKe ymlBa J.I TalJl<C H3nHBa.
BOAa Ce cmma y YHyTpawlbocT cYlla Te ycnopaBa TOI( npOTHUaJ-ba,
lJeMy r y fi H 6 P 3 H H Y 1-1 Ha Taj Ha'1I11-1 0 C n 0 6 a I) a Ton nOT y nOWTO ce
l(pCTalbe npCTBapa y Yllap - )I( H B Y C 1'1 n y. CMalbCIbCM fip31-1He npoHrua-
lba 80Aa CC xnaAI1. npl-l TOMe MaCT I<ao cneul.lqll1lJHO naKwa OA BOAC, I-IC-
nm13aBa Ha nOBpwHHy cylla, CTilpAlbaBa Ce H y I3HAY MaCHe I<ope cl<ynJba
. ce y yHyTpawlb11 CYA 1<0jH CC MO)!(e 8a)\l1TI1. BOlla MaCTH npo-
Tl1lJC Kp03 OllnHB y OASOAHY ueB.
Vl3BccTaH Aeo MaCTH 20-30% IInal( OIlC y ue8H. BcnHlJHHa npoucHTa
3aBHCH OA TeMnepaType BOAC 113 CYAoncpa. , DBC Mane 1<OnHlJI1HC MaCTH HC-
Majy Hel(O Hap04HTO HenOBOJbHO AejcTBo Ha OCTanH OABOAHH CHCTCM, nOWT()
ce npe'1Ii11UH UCiJil nOCTenCHO H CTanHO nOBehaBajy. Y YHyTpawlbocTI1 npH-
fiopa rile ce H3ABaja MaCT HanaSH ,ce y BHAY peWeTl<aCTor cYlla,
KOjl1 ce nOMohy ApwKe "'o)l(e 1133allHHI lIa fill ce MaCT H3pY'lI1na, a Il olla
ce OUeAI11<p03 pyrnlue Ha cYIlY. Y MccapHHuaMa, KnaHuaMa 11 Bemll( HM I( yj-
I-l aMa rAe ce nponeBa "'Horo MaCHl1X Cnna'lHHa, I(OJlH4HHa H3n)rlJeHe MaCTH
MO)!(e npl1m14Ha, Te ce MO)!(e 1(0PHCTJ1TH I(ao 3a. cnpaiJJbal-be
canYHa'
Ha oBaj ce Ha'II1H nOMohy H3ABaja'la MaCHI nOCTH)J(e KOPHCT
OTKnalbajy ce MaCTH Koje fiu AOBene 11.0 3arY WJ1S alba
o ABO A a, 0 fi e 3 6 e I) y j e C e J.I C n p a B HOC n Ii p a Ib e a '" aCT c e
MO)l(e HCKOPliCTJ1T)oJ y npaKTH4He H el(OHOMCKe CBpxe
e) OOllaOHe eooe 00 pa3H02a npalba
DBa opcn omaAHHx oOAa (OA 'I e caM a, y M 11 B a 0 H )oJ I( a, I< y n a-
T H n a H n e p H 0 H H U a) jeAHOCTaBHtljer cy CaCTaBa . OA npeTxOAHHX. DHe
cy yrnaBHoM ynoTpefiJbeHe BOAe OA p a 3 H 0 r n p a Ib a )oJ I( Y n a Ib a ca
ManOAl Kom14HHOM MeXaHI-I41<0r Tanora OA npJbaBWTI1He npH npalby H Malbe
1(0nHlJHHe MaCTH Ii canyHHue . CTeneH 3araljeHoCTH OA opraHCI(I-IX npHMeca
3aBI1CH OA l<ynTypHor HHBoa cpeAHHe H Y4eCTanOCHI npalba 1-1 I<ynalba.
Dfi311pOM Ha BCJlI-IKY nOTpOWIbY 'mCTe BOAe y OAHOCy Ha Mane KonH-
'1I1He npJbaBWTHHe 11 063HpOM Ha IbHXOBO 6p30 cmlpalbe, OHe y caHHTapHOl\l
norneAy He saAajy HapOlJI-ITe TewJ(ohe. Vl3y3eTaJ( '11-1He OBaKBC BOAe y 60n-
HHuaMa, rAe 6HTI1 3apa)l(eHe 1<nHuaMa pa3HI1X 60necTI1.
Y TOM IIX CRyqajy Tpc6a npe JbllXODor usmma y rpa/\CKY KaHallllsaUlljy /\ C 3 II 11-
q, II U Ii paT II paSII"M aHTIICCnTlI'IKIL\\ CPCTCTBIIMa. Ha np.: 5% paCTBopa cyGllIIMaT3 ,
Kap60113, 1lllSOlla 11m' XJ\opHor KpC43. OBO cc 06a"''''3 y lIap0411TIIM jaMaM3 09111\allllM 3a
Ty CBpXy. Jow je 60Jbc II cq,HKaCHlljc 1\C3Irnq,cK1\lIjy BPWIITII 1\0/\ CMIJIX nplljcMHl1lla. 1I111f
l\aKO TO llfKapll I<a>KY, 110/\ 6011eCIIII'II<C nOCTCJbC.
Y OAHOCY Ha CaMY HHCTanaUHjy 11 OABOAHH CHCTeM 03a BpCTa OmaAHI1X
BOAa He 3aAaje HHI(aI<OHX TeWI(oha C 06311pOM Ha oenHKO pa3pe1)elbe Tanora
I t,
11 14CITl1pal-be . . I{ao npeAoxpaHa AOBOJbHe cy 06MqHe pellleTKe, y ,IIHY
l<pOS KOjH Ce MSnlma BOAa y OABOAHY ueB. TaJlor sacTaje y
CI1(POBCKOj KO<jlHUM 11 nOBpeMeHo ce npasHM npeMa nOTpe611.
6) Ol7l11ao1-w Booe 00 CllAa'lUHa
aile BOAe q)1He jeAHY sace6Hy rpyny. no caOM MeXaHHql<OM H xeMM-
CKOM cacTaBY BPJlO cy pa3fl M
l
lMTe, a TO yrnaBHoM saBMCM OJ{ BpCTe MHAy-
CTpMje. CTora Ce He Mory nOAaprHYTl1 jeAHoM onlllTeM nocTym<y. Y MHAy-
C'fPMCKMM rpaAOBHMa HJlH AeJlOBMMa rpaAa ca MHAyCTPHjOM, npOJTMcyjy ce
noce6HM npaBI1JlHMUM 3a CBaKY npcTy I1HAycTpMje nOHaoc06.
Mel}ynIM,C3(! OHe 6e3 pa3JlMI<e l<aKO no CTeneHY saral)eHOC'fM OJ{ opraH-
CI<HX npMMeca TaKO H no ApyrMM HenOilOJbHMM caCTojuMMa OJ{ MeXaHMlJl(Or
XeMHCl(or' tiejcTlla sa caMy MHCTaJlaUMjy M otiaotiHM CMCTeM, npeTCTaBJbajy
Bemll<Y He3roAy H saAajy SHaTHe Tellll(ohe OtiBOtiHOM cl1CTeMY.
I-bHXOllO npaBMJlHO KaHaJlMCal-be H3HcKyje HapOqHTY na)KI-bY H CTpyqHOCT
npM OApel}Haal-bY nOTpe6HHx Mepa npetiOXpaHe sa Yl<Jlal'bal-be C1lI1X HenOllOJb-
HMX cacTojal(a. nopeA 'lllpCTMX oTnatiaJ<a M pa3Hor TaJlOra, OBe caAp-
)l{aTM jOlll H: KHCeJlMBe, aJll<aJll1je, ynaJbMBe 11 eI(CnJl03MBHe MaTepMje, TllptiC
OAnaTJ<e 14 tip. .
CTora Ba)l{M onliITe npallMJlO, tia ce MHAyCTpl1cKe
jy MS JlMBaTH y rpaACl<y l<aHaJlHSaUHjy,
ce MS I-bMX He OTCTpaBe CBM HenOBOJbHH
TO j U 11.
CTIJlC).qI1He H e C M e-
npe Hero llITO
14 1lI T e T H 11 C a C-
0) OmllaOHe Booe 00 amJllOcgiepCKux maAoza
aBe BOAe Oti Kl1ll1a 14 OTOnJbeHor CHera, I(oje Oe CJlHBajy ca
I<pOBOBa, Tepaqa 14 ti30pMllITa, jeAHocTa3HMjer cy CaCTaBa OA CBI1X npeTXOti-
HI1X 3pcTa. OHe yrJla3HOM caAp)l(e HepaCT30pJbH3 M 11 H epa n H 11 T a Jl 0 r
o A n e C I< a, s e M Jb e, pa3Hor MyJba M tiPYrHX QBPCTHX OTnatial<a 14 npJball-
llITMHe, I{oje J<Hwe cnMpajy ca Cnl1BHMX nOnpllll1Ha.
CTeneH 3aral}eHOCTM OA opraHCJ<MX npMMeca 3aBHCI1 OA QMCTOhe CJlMDHe
nOBplllMHe, a HapOlJHTO OA lJHCTOhe Tna ti30pMllITa. 3aTO cy y xMrHjeHcl(oM
norneAY 60Jba A30pHllITa ca rJlaTI(HM nOllplllHljaMa Oti 6eTOHCI(e
MJlM aC(paJlT"HpaHa, Hero l<aJlApMHCaHa HJlH llIJbyHl(oBHTa.
3a caMy KaHaJlH3aUMOHY Mpe)l<y aTMoc<jlepCKe BOtie npeTCTaBJbajy SHa-
THy CMeTI-bY 360r DeJlMl(e KOJlMQMHe TaJlora, I{Ojl1 je HenOBOJbaH sa
CMCTeM 11 Morao 614 A03eCTM AO l-berOBOr sarYlliel-ba. CTora oe OHe MOp a J Y
n p e y Jl 11 Bay r p a A C I< Y M P e )K y, n p 0 nyc T 11 T 11 K P 0 S Hap 0-
Q 14 T eTa Jl 0 )I( H 111( e sa 14 3 A B a j a I-b e My Jb a, na Ce Tel< nOCJle 143-
6MCTpeHa BOAa MO)l(e tiaJbe M3JleBaTI1 y OJ{BOtiHY Mpe)l<y.
3al(JbYQal(
Ha Kpajy OBor nOrJlaBJba 0 nOtieJlI1 OABOAHMX BOtia Ha BpCTe, MOrJlI1
6MCMO CBe l<yhHe oTnaAHe BOAe rpynMcaTI1 y tiBe rJlaBHe BpCTe 11 TO: ,
a) H Y)l( H 14 Q I( e 0 T n a A H e BOAe Mnl1 6 Jl aT H e BOtie Tj. BOAe 1<0 je
Catip)l{e TaJlore 14 rycTMBe.
6) CBe OCTaJle OTTIaJI,He BOne OA paSHe nOTpOllil-be y l{ yhl1 aJlI1 6es ry-
CTMBa, l<Dje MO)l{eMO Ha3BaTH jeAHHM HMeHOM - Cl1Aa'ltlHe UAU 1l0AfUj e.
15
Ola je nOl\ena KopKCHa K HMa npaKTIftIHM CMHCao 3a JJ;albe np0Y'ia-
salbe rpal\Krla, jep l1e ce oae npOeTe nOltene 3HaTHO CKpaTKTH M
onaKillaTK ynoTpe6a pa3HHX nojMosa H l\eljJKHHnHja.
6) TOI( ornallHHX BOlla
l{aHanM3au,l1ja y CBOjOj u,enoKynHOCHt npeTCTaSlba jellaH HenpeKHlIHO
cnojeHI1 CI<!CTeM Ol\BOlllbe npF lJeMY ce Mory YOlJHTl1 T P M rna SHe QJ a 3 e .
n p B a <jl a 3 a 06yxsaTa MHTep3an 0::\ KpajHHx nOlJeTHHX Tall!lKa nenor
CI1CTeMa Tj. Ol\ pa3HMX caHMTapHMX 06jeKaTa M KOjM npMxB8Tajy
OTna)lHe BO)le y l<y11M, na )10 l<pajlbl1x TalJaKa npHKlbYlJal<a Ha jaclHY rpaJl-
CKY l<aHanM3au,Mjy. Y OBOj ce <jla3M Spill l1 npHxsaTaltre Oma)lHI'IX aOlla M3
CJMX caHHTapHI1X 06jeKaTa, na ce nOTOM jel\HHM 3aj el\HMlJ1<HM b' aHanOM
cnpoBelle )lalbe H3 l<y11e y,rpaCKM KaHan. Y CTSap" OBa <jla3a oOyXJaTa
KaHanM3auMjy y 3rpallH FI C Tora Ce MO)Ke Ha3BaTH " Kyl1Ha l<aHaJlM3auMja"
.HnH KyhHM O)lBOllHFI CMCTeM .
.u p y r a <I) a 3 a ce cacTojH y n03e3MBalbY CBMX nojeJlI1HHX b:yhHMX
npMKlbY4al<a y jeJlaH onWTM CHCTeM Ol\aOJllbe, na npel<o . rnaSHor I<OJl el<Top.a
AO MeCTa Kpajlber M3nH3a. Osa <\)a3a y CTBapH .OOYX3ara ueJlOI<ynHy rpaJl :
CKY Mpe}!{y, Te ce Ha3MBa ja8Ha UAU 2paiJcKa KaHaAU3aLjuja. OHa OCHAt Tora
WTO npHMa y ce6e nojeJlHHe l<y11He M3JlHBe, FIMa jOill 11 Taj 33)\aTal< )l,a
C3e anlOcljJepcl<e CJlM303e Ca rpal\CKMX
T pel; a q) a :3 a caCTO j M ce y Kpa j lbeAt H3mmy rpallCi(e KaHaml3aUM je
H33aH rpallCKor nOllpYlJja. 0 3aj lleo rpallcl<e l<aHaJlM3aUHje MOHO je HapOlJWrH
3HalJaj y llaHallIlbe BpeMe, jep je KOM6HHoJaH Ca npelJHwhasalbeM rpallCI(HX
30Aa H npiU(THlII-IHM HCI<OpHill1'laaalbeM y C3pXy HaBOlllba3alba. ' vl3JlHSalbe
rpatlCKHX BOlla MO}!{e 6H1'H y peKe, je3epa 11 Mopa, a y He)l,OCTaTl(Y OJMX
1'1 Ha CY3 TepeH, y KOM Ce cnylJajy MOpyjy nOllBprHyTI1 npelJHwl1a;::alby ..
\l\al<o C3e TpH <jla3e lJHHe jellHY CaHI1TapHe TeXHl1l<e M pewa-
sajy npOOJleM OllJOAlbe OTnallHMX BO)l,a 113 Hacelba II rpa)l,oaa I1naK Ce OHe
no C30jOj 06HMHoCTM H no TOMe illTO ce TOnHI(O .pa3nMKyjy Meljy co-
150M, no CBOjMM OCH03HMM oc06eHocTMMa 11 3aXTeSHMa nOjelll1HHX
(1)a3a, Mory y CTsapM nOlleJll1HI y TpH rpaHe Tj. Y TpM no-
ce6He cTpyl<e.
n p B a <jl a 3 a Tj . Kyl1Ha !{aHanM3au,Hja cnalla y rpljeSHHCKl1 nOCao
Tj. Y HallJle}!{HOCT rpaljesHHcKFlx CTpYlJlbaKa apXH1'el(aTa 11 I1HCTanaTepa. OHa
ce pa3mll<yje Oll rpallCl<e KaHaJl M3auHje no <\)YHKUHjH KOjy SpillH, no HallHHY
H3palle, no MaTepHjany Oll Kora je rpal)eHa 11 no MHOrl1M CaMe
OHa SHille cna)l,a y 06nacT I1HCTanaUl1ja, FI Ty Ce nOCTas-
lb3jy llpyre BpcTe npOOJleMa, KojH Ce peryJTl1illy nOCeOHI1M npaSHJlHHlt11Ma .
.u p y r a <jl a 3 a . Tj. rpaAcKa KaHan
H
3auHja cna)l,a y OOJlaCT XHApO-
TeXHI1Ke Tj. Y H_a)l,ne)lHIOCT Osa <jla3a I1Ma csoje cnel\l1-
jaJlHe 3aXTe3e H np05neMe 3a pewasalbe. \ '.
T P e 11 a <jl a 3 a je OOJlaCT CaHI1TapHe TeXHHKe H cnalla Y Ha,/:\ne}!{HOTT
cneUMjanHI1X cTpYQlbal<a - HH}!{Hlbepa-caHHTapana. Osa CTpYKa
Apyre np05JJeMe lla penraBa H 3aXTe3a Cnel\HjaJlHY cnpeMY.
npeMa TOMe 3allaTaK ose KIbHre jecTe y npoylJasalby npse rjla3e Tj .
oopaAe OllSO)l,Hor CHCTeMa y Ky11H fit 3a OCTane ABe q)a3e OrpaHl1'laSa Ce CaMO
Ca yn03HaBalbeM IbHXOSHX OCH03HJ1X nojMoaa.
16
7. UleMa OABOAHor CHcreMa Y KYHH H 03HaKa nojeAHHHx Aenooa
OA8anHM CMCTeM y Kyl'iM nacMarpaH Kaa nacefiHa llenMHa HMa ca e8aje
cTpaHe TpH rna8Ha Aena:
a) /(ytiHy ooeooHY },{peJ/cy,
6) O.eOpULUHY ooeooHY }'{peJICY U
B) npWUbY'laK Ha 2paOCKY KaHaAu3aqujy
a) K y h H a a A Ban HaM p e)l( a Ma)l(e ce ca c3aje CTpaH,e naJlenMTM
Ha: rap fb y 11 n 11 Be p T H I( a JI H Y M P e)l( y I<aja nana3Y1 aJl HajHl1)1(er
Jlena l<yl'iHe J\1pe)l(e, na Jla HajBl1llIer cnpaTa 11 Ha Jl a tb y 11 JI 11 X a p M-
3 a H T a JI H Y Mpe)J( Y y naJlpYMY HJIM cyTepeHy 3rpaAe. Be p 'P H I ( a JI H a
M p e)K a cacTajM Ce 113 CI1CTeMa BepTMI(aJIHI1X 8aAaBa, KajM naJIa3e aJl Haj-
BMllIMX TaqaKa y 3rpaJll1 Jla naAa 'na):{pYMa 11 H3 Kpahl1x Xapl13aHTaJIHMX
arpaHal{a no. najeJlI1HHM CnpaTa3MMa, J(ajl1 ce aJlBajajy aA 8epTI1KaJIa. X 0.-
pl13aHTaJIHa Mpe)Ka cacTajl1 Ce 113 Xapl13aHTaJIHl1X 8aAaBa l{ajl1 na-
Mel)yca6Ha cae BepTI1KaJIe y jeJlaH 3ajeJlHHql{11 l<yhHI1 KaHaJI. KaA
8enH KI1X npaCTpaHHX 3rpaAa Ma)l(e 6l1Tl1 Aaa YI 8HllIe rJIaBHYlX KyhHMX
l{aHana ..
6) .IJ. B a p 11 1lI HaM p e )1( a a6YXBaTa CBe KaHaJIe M3BaH 3rpaJle y
rpaHHllaMa rpaAMnl111ITa jeJlHar a6jeKTa, na Jla Ta'laKa H3nl1Sa Tj .110. rpa-
Hl1lle peryJIalll1aHe JII1Hl1je rJle ABapl111IHI1 l{aHaJI 113fil1ja Ha yJIl1llY.
s) n p 11 K Jb y'l a K H a r p a A C K Y K a H a JII1 3 allY j y a6YXBaTa He
Ca)\10 Be3Y Ha YJIl1qHI1 KaHaJI Beh 11 Aea KaHaJIa 0..11 I1Sl1lle 3rpaAe .110. MeCTa
npJi!l<JbYQKa. OBaj Aea KyhHe l{ aHanl13alll1je YCTBapl1 BI111Ie CnaAa y rpaACKY
Mpe)l{y, jep fbeHa aAp)l(aSafbe cnaAa y HaMe)l{HaCT KaMYHaJIHI1X SJIaCTM, Te
36ar Tara 11 He npl1naAa caMaj KyhHaj Mpe)l(H.
CBaKI1 0..11 a8a Tpl1 HMa csa je ](apaI(TepI1CTHl(e H caCTaBHe AenaBe
ca aArasapajyhl1M a3HaKaMa H Ha3I1BHMCl. C Tara npe Hera llITa 6l1CMa
npellinH Ha AeTaJbHa npay'lasafbe nl1Tafba ' aAsa}:(J-be y Kyhl1, Tpe6a Aa Ce
yna3HaMa ca eJIeMeHTHMa 11 anllITI1M rrajMaBHMa, Kajl1 ]<ci paKTepl111IY llea
CI1CTeM H ca CTpy'lHI1M Ha3HBHMa ca' }<ojl1Ma heMa ce Q,Aca):{ CTaJIHa MapaTH
):{a cn Y)l{I1Ma.
Y aBY CBpXy AaTa je Ha CJI. 1 llIeMa lleJIar CI1CTeMa H3 Kaje ce BH):{H:
naJIa)l{aj, Ha'lHH a6eJIe)l(aBal:ba H Ha3l1B naje):{I1HHX 'caC,TaBHI1X ):(enaBa, Kaje
Tpe6a na):{pafiHa npayql1TH. Tal{a cy y rapfbaj a):{Ba):{Haj Mpe)1(11 a3Ha'leHH:
Be p T 11 K a JI H 11 B a):{ 0 B H, X 0 P H 3 0 H T a JI H 11 0 r p a H lll1 no. C n p a-
TaSI1Ma Ha '1l1jl1MCeKpajeBI1Ma Hana3e pa3HI1 CaHI1Ta ,pHH 06jeKTl1
II Be HTI1JIalll10He lleBI1 ca rJIaBaMa. Y ):{OfbOj cy Mpe}KH 03Ha-
'1eHM: x a p 11 3 a H T a JI H-H 0 ):( B 0 ):{I1, 'r JI a B H 11 I( Y h' H 11 ' K a H a JI,
rnaBHH ):{BOPI111IHI1' KaHaJI, ynl1'1Ha Be3a rpa):{CJ(l1l11
I( a H a JI 0 111, C JI 11 B H 11 II H Y ):( BOp H 1lI T y, p e 1lI e t Key n 0 A y,
o JI l-b, II 11 P e B H 3 H 0 H H C 11 JI a 3 H.
8. OCH08HH 3aXTeBH 3a OABOAHH CHCTeM Y KYHH
O):{BO):{ HI1 CHCTeM y ](yi1l1 T.pe6a nOCMaTpaTI1 Kao I1HTerpanHM nea CaaKe
3rpane 11 caspeMeHor rpal)eBHHapcTBa yonllITe. OH ce Mopa cMaTpaTl1 Kao
jenaH O):{ rJIaBHI1X eJIeMeHaTa 3a oCTBapel:be 3aXTeBa CaBpeMeHor CTaHOaafba
M fiapasKa Y HaCeJbIfMa. Y HCTO BpeMe OH Mopa oQ,rosaparu 3aXTeBMMa:
I( 0 H C T P Y I{ T 11 B Hen p 11 P a ):( e, e K 0 HOM C I( 11 111, C 0 II 11 j a JI H 11 M,
Y P 6 a H C T M 'I K 11 M 11 e C T eTC K 11 M. .IJ.a 611 3rpaAa 3al1CTa npeTCTa-
;1 Kylma l<aH3n113aUl1ja 17
P. C.
r. K. K.
I{. c.
Yn.I(.
B. Mp.
X. Mp.
BB.
BT.
B. rn.
IR
B T
= PeBH3110HH CHna3.
rnaBHIf KYIIHIf KaHan.
= 1{3CK3113.
= YnH'IHH K3Han.
= BepTHK3nH3 Mpem3.
XOpH30Hl'anH3 Mpe)Ka.
BepTIIK3nHH DOIIOBH.
BeH'THn3I.\aja.
BelfTHnal.\llOHa rnaBa.
06jawILeILe 3Ha1(088:
X. or.
YM.
I{a.
W.c.
Y.
Cn.
Pn.
011.
rCIl.
= XopH30RTaJIHH cnpaTHH orpaHal(.
OrpaHal( 3a YMHBa(JIHIK.
OrpaHaK 3a KaIlY. '
= OrpaHaK 3a Hy>KHHK (1(1I0geT)
= OrpaHal( 33 KYXHIbCKY '1eCMY.
= OrpaHal( 3a CYlIonep.
= PeweTKa Y nOIlY.
OrpaH3K 3a 0IlY'I lb3K.
Orp3H3K 9a rajrepOB CIIHBHHK.
nJbaJla CMHTe3Y CBera WTO l<apKaTepJ.fWe CaBpeMeHa CXBaTal-ba 0 M3rpanl-bM,
HeOnXoAHO je nOTpe6HO OBJlanaTM M OSMM eJleMeHTOM KOjM Canp)l(M y Ce6M
CaHMTapHe 3aXTeBe.
npeMa TOMe yCJl OB 3a peruaBal-be nMTal-ba Onil Onl-be y Kyt.M
nopen n03HaIlal-ba TeXHM4Ke CTpaHe nMTal-ba, 3aXTeBa 11 nomYHO n03HaBai be
caHI1TapHMx (pal(TOpa.
OABonHM CMCTeM y l<yhM Tpe6a na 6YAe TaKO OCHOilaH M npOIleneH, na '
06e36elj yje Haje<jJMKacHMje OTCrpal-beFbe omanHe Bone 113 I<yhe. E <jl M 1< a C-
HOC T C M C T e M a cacTojM ce y ABa oCHosHa 3aXTeBa a TO cy: 6p30 M CM-
rypHo OTCTpali>Cl-be OTnanHe BOne M3 I(yhe nOlleIl on npMj eMHMJ<a, na no
M3J1MSa y jaBHM l(aHaJl. 3aXTeIl 3a 6p30 onEoljel-be np0l1311na3M M3 nOTpe6e
na ce OTnanHe BOAe 113 l(aHaJlM3a1\MOHor CI1CTeMa OTCTpaHe y WTO cBe)l(MjeM
CTaI-bY, npe Hero ulTO HacTyne y nelieM 0611My TpyJbHBI1 np01\ecl1. Cl1rypHOCT
CMCTeMa je nOTpe6Ha na 06e36eAI1 npOAHpal-be raCOBa 11 3araljeHe BOne y
npocTopl1j e 3rpane M Aa ce Cnpe
l
ll1 npJ1CTyn I(OMap1\HMa M Apyroj r aManl1 y
OABOAHI1 CI1CTeM, I<ao 11 pa3HOWel-be I-bMXOae Canp)l(l1He 113BaH CI1CTeMa. .
.Il.a 611 ce 030 nOCTl1rnO Tpe6a ce npl1np)l(a3aTM cJlenelil1x ynYTcTail a:
1. Ynompe6L1mu 3a U3Bol)e/be KaHallLl 3alJLlje Iwj60lbu Awmepujall KOjU no
Keallumemy LlAW mpajHocm KOIILlKO u caepeA/ef/Q 2pal)eBLIHa .
2. KaHaJl Ll 3alJuja Mopa oa je U3eeOeHa npaeLlJlHO 110 I1pOI1L1CLlA/a.
3. Cnojeeu nojeoLlHLlx oeMea Awpajy 6L1mu CU2ypHU U nocmojaHu.
4. Mopa ce 06e36eoumu ooeolbHa u cmallHa KOIIU'IUHa Booe' 3a cnuPGlbe.
5. CucmeM ' ce MOp a 06e36eoumu 00 ymulJaja A/pa3a U YOl1wme 00 Ha2J1UX
mel1/1lepamyplwx I1pOMeHa ..
6. Mopa ce cucnJeA{ 3aUlmumumu 00 ymulJaja Clle2alnG 32paoe U 0PY2UX
nompeca. .
7. KOHll1pOJlUCalbe U oopJlcaealbe cilcmeAIa y ucnpaeHoM cmalbY.
2*
If)
II. I{OHCTPYI{THBHH AEQ
9. BpcTe OABOAHHX QeBH
3a OJl.30Jl. ornaJl.HMX BOJl.a ynoTpe6JbaBajy ce pa3He BpcTe l\MllM, lliTO
3aBHCH OJl. MeCTa ynoTpe6e y 3rpaJl.H, OJl. npMpOJl.e OTnaJl.He BOJl.e, OJl. I(OH-
CTPYKTI1BHMX 3aXTe3a M MOHTa)I(HMX Moryl1HocTH. rnaBHa je pa3nH1<a M3Meljy
nojeJl.HHr1X BpcTa y caMOM MaTepHjany OJl., Kora cy H3paljeHe. Y 063HP
Jl.ona3e CneJl.eliM MaTepMjanH: K a M e HOB H H a, n H B e H 0 r B O)I( Ii e M
MeT an H. Arm 6e3 063Mpa OJl. Kora cy MaTepHjana M3paljeHe, Cne 3pcTe
OJl.aOJl.HMX l\e3M .Mopajy 3aJl.OaOJbaaaTM cneJl.el1e omIITe ycnoae:
1. KBaJlUmem AwmepujaJla qeBu mpe6a oa je Haj6o/bu KaTCO 6u qeB
A!02Jla mpajamu KOJlUKO U 32paoa.
2. jJ,a cy npequ3He u3paoe, npaBUJlH02 06JlUKa U oa o020Bapajy HOpAWAW.
3. jJ,a cy Henponycm/bUBe 3a BOOY U 2aCOBe .
4. jJ,a cy omnopHe Ha xeAfUCKe ynwqaje.
5. jJ,a cy omnopHe Ha ymuqaj npOAteHa meAmepamype.
6. jJ,a cy 3aUlmufieHe 00 Kopo3uje.
7. jJ,a cy y n02Jleoy OUA!eH3uja u meJ,!U/w y c ~ l a o y ca HOPAWAta , ca
AfUHUAWJlHUA{ omcmynaTtJeJIf.
8. jJ,a UAWjy ymucHymy 03HaTCY meJIUHe, KBaJlUmema U 1l0peKAa tjja-
6
y
uKama.
a) KaA!eHaCme UAU KepaAfU'lKe qeBu
I{aMeHacTe ce l\eBH H3paljyjy OJl. -eqeHe neCI(03HTe M nanop03MTe
rnMHe ca Jl.OAa111(OM KopyHJl.a H qJenCnaTa. CnOJba H H3HyTpa cy npesylleHe
COHOM rneljy, neqeHOM y BaTpM. no 06nMKY cy npaSMn.Hor l\MnMHJl.pa ca
npOlllMpelbeM - HarnaBKOM ca jeJl.He CTpaHe . Ca yHyTpaLUlbe CTpaHe Ha-
rnaBl(a H Ca CnOJbHe CTpaHe CynpoHlOra Kpaja lIe311, YTMCrIYTH cy npCTe-
HaCTH nmlTl( 11 )I(Jbe60BM.
npM npHjeMY lIeSH Ha rpaJl.HnHLUTe, Mopa ce H33pLUMTH nperneJl. 1'1
OJl.a611paibe Jl,06pHX lIe3H, l<oje fie ce n03HaTH no CneJl.efiHM 311allMMa: 60 j a
l\ellH Tpe6a Jl,a je M p 1( 0 6 P a 0 H 1'1 CKP03 j e JI. HOC TaB H a 6e3 C 3 e-
Tn H j H X M P Jb a LUTO 6H 61'10 3HaK Jl.a MaTepHjan HMje 6110 xOhwreH H Jl.a
neLJelbe rIHje paBHOMepHO, LUTO je Bpno Ba)I(HO 3a KBanMTeT lIeS-H, 3a l-beHY
TpajHocT H 113J1.P)1(JbHBOCT npeMa TeMnepaTypHI'IM yTI1l\ajI11\1a; rna 3 y P a
1I10pa 6HTH rna T 1< a 6 e 3 6 0 6 1'1 II a 1'1 6 e 3 1'1 K a K B 1'1 X 03 n e JI, a H n 1'1
n y K 0 T H H H l\ a; npH YJl.apy r303J1.eHHM npeJl.MeTOM Mopajy OJl, aBaT11 3 B 0-
H a K 3 B Y K, jep Tyn 3ayl< 3HaLJI1 noLU MaTepHjan, HepaSHOMepHY Jl,e6JbHHY
3HJI,OBa l\eBFl, cna60 neLJel-be HnH nyI<OTMHy y l\erJH; H a rIp e n 0 1\1 Y lIea
20
Mopa HManl nonyCTal(naCTY CTPYI(TYPY, a HBHlIY npenOMa
OIliTPY l(ao
np0113S0).1.e ce Y pa3HI1M 06mU\HMa H ).1.I1MeH3I1jaMa. npeMa 06nHKY
6HTI1 n p aBe II e B 11 11 C nell 11 jan Ii H K 0 M a).1. 11 - (pa
C
O
HC1
(11
l-::x:-l
11
; ; -4+lH+I+H----------j-.L------+-
1
Vl
T
J1

).1.enOBI1. Y Ta6nl1l111 V. ).1.aTe cy ).1.11MeH3Hje 11 Te)I(HHe npaSHX ueBH. Ha cn.
2 BH).1.H Ce lIeB Y npeceKY 11 ).1.HMeH311je noje).1.I1HI1X ).1.enOsa lIeBI1 a Ha cn. 3
C1I1II(a 3
113rne).1. npase lIeBI1. Uesl1 Senl1411He npe'lHI1}(a 0).1. 75 MM. H3.paljyjy ce Haj-
AY)I(e oA 75 CM. UeBI1 I1crro).1. 0,50 M. 06pa
t
lYHaBajy ce l(aO l\eBI1 OA 0,50 M.
Ta6nll ua V. - npase KepaMllqKe Qesll Y IIY)KllllaMa 1,00, 0,76, 0,50, 0,80
Y HyTpalJJ Ibl1 n petllHII( QeBI1 0 75 100 . 125 150 200 250 300 I 400
Y MM
1------_-----1--- ---- ---- ---- ------ ----
YHYTpalJJlb1l npC4HIII( Han1laBI(a 164 93 224 33 33 290 I 00
D,YMM. ___ __ _ _ 5
19 20 I 22 _25_1 W I
__ I __ 60_ 70
12 16 20 24,5 34 1 48 I 63 1 100
JJ.cfiJbI1Ha 31111a S Y >\1M
TC)I(HHa I MeT. QCDl1 01(0 I(r.
en e L( 11 j a JJ H 11 (l\l a C 0 H C l( 11 \( 0 M a A w) oMoryhaBajy l(OHCTpyK-
ul1jy o).1.BOAHe Mpe)l(e. OHI1 Ce CTaBJbajy Ha CBl'fMa MeCTJoIMa r).1.e c,e Metba
21
npasau IiMI ce 3pWH cnajalbe 1l3a HRl1 SHWe l,(aHana. Pa3nHKyj ehio HeKO-
nl11(0 SpCTa Q)aCOHCKHX llenOSa l(aO:
flYK08U (cn. 4) ce CTaBlbaj y OHlle ~ r l l e OIl,SOIlHa ueB Mel'ba npai3au.
vl 3paljyjy ce y HCTHM seml4HHaMa yHyTpaWtbHX npcllHHKa I(ao H npaBe ueSH.
)
CnHI( a 4
Te>I<HHa 0llr03apa Of{O 2/5 Te>KJ1He ue,lH HCTor npe4HHKa. CI(peTatbe MO)l(e
OHTH noll, yrnosHMa Oil 90, 60, 45, H 30.
TaOnH1\8 VI. - JlYKOBH
100 1125 1150 I Z(1() I 2;-r 300 I
f c6lhlfHa 3Hlla y MM -1-7-1-1-8-1- ' -19-i1--20-i1;--- 22-i1;--':"25--'1f--- 30 -1
YHYTpaWlbJol n p C'IHHR nyKa y .",,1 75 400
16
I ~ I ~ ~ I
f Tel KHHa nyKa OKO Rr. 5 I 5,5 I 9,5 I II I I ~ 27 1 37 I
CKpemHUlje (cn. 5) Ha3HBaMO Tal(olj e eTa>KHHM nyKoBHMa, a
. YMeky ce TaMO rll,e je nOTpeOHo nOhiepHTH BepTHKany napan enHo
l-beHOM CMepy, OOI1'lHO Ha MeCTHMa nojallaltoa lleOlbHHe 3111l0:3 a.
.Oll,cTojaltoe (a) MO)l(e OHTH Oil 8,13 H 20 CM. J-bHxosa Te>KHHa
OllrOBapa OKO 314 Te)l(HHe jellHor MeTpa npaBe l(eSH, a BenH4HHa
yHyTpalllltoer npe411HI<a Hile 3aKlbY4tl0 Ca npe4HHKOM Oil, 200 MM.
Ta6nll1\8 vn. - CKpeTHlIl\C - eT8H(HH nYI(OBl1
721
1J
[
:-a"..:.
1
-,-
CJIlIKa 5
YHYTpaWtbH npe'lHIIK CTa)l{HOr nyKa y MM.
75 1100 I 125 1
150
1
200
1 __ A_e_O_lh_Il_H_a_3_H_lIa_y_M_M_. ____________ --16--1-1-7-1-;- -1- 9- ~
-=--1 7,5 I 13 17. ,5 21
Te)l{IlHa CTa>KrlOr nYI( a 01( 0 Rr.
Patf.8e (cn. 6 H 7) cTaBlbajy ce TaMO rile ce CTH4Y 1l3a 11R11 TpH l(a11ana
YlellHo. OHe Mory 6HTH npai3e nOll yrJlOM Oil, 90 H l{OCe nOll yrnoM Oil, 45;
22
3aniM Mory 61HH jellHOKpaKe 11 nBOKpaKe; Heror npeqHHKa ea KpaKOM
H pa3nH
l
IHTor npe'lHHI<a . .uY)KHHa H,\\ je 60 eM.
r
--- ;-- .
I , .
I :
I 9'='
Cmma G
CmlJ(a 7
Ta6nlfl\a VIII. - I<epamlql(e paqBC

75 100 125 150 200
Te)l<HHa y I(r . 10 12 17 22 30
Ta6mll\a IX. - I<epa,mql(e /lynne paqBC
Y"YTpaWIhH npeQHlI1( /lynne paqne y MM. 75
I
100
I
125
I
150
I
200
<
Te)I(Hlla 01<0 1(1'.
13
I
16
I
22
I
30
I
39
npe/lG.3U U/lU peoYKlJuje (en. 8) oMorynyj i npoMeHY y BenHlIHHH npell-
HHI<a l.\eSH rj.npena3e H3 Mal-ber y BenH npe4HHHK HnH penyl.\Hpal-be Beher
y npe4H111<' OpeM3 nono)l(ajy HarnaBJ(a JlenHMO HX Ha npaBHnHe
H o6pHyre. OpasHnHe HMajy HarnaBaK Ha Y>Roj eTpaHl1 -- Y3BonHo a 06pHyre
HMajy Ha llIHpOj eTpaHH -- H113BOnHO. Vl3palj yjy ee y nY)KHHI1 on 30 H 60 eM.
ea Senl1411HOM yHyrpaIUl-ber npe4HHKa 3alObY4HO ea npellHIH<OM oil 200 MM.
Te)!(11Ha OllrOBapa npHfinH)j(HO re>l( I1HH npaBe l..\esH on 0,50 H 1,00 M.
]u1D10
-", - .-
Cm1!(a 8
Ta6nlfl\a X. PC/lYI(l\lIje (npena:lII)
75 100 125 150 200

Te)l(llHa peAYl(ulljc 01(0 Rr. 4 5 6 8 II
Pe6U3UOHU Oe/106U (en. 9, 10, 11 H 12) eTaSJbajy ee Ha lJe6uAw "oje Onl::One
Hy>l<HH4Ke 6naTHe BO)l;e H TO: Ha OHI1M MeeTHMa, rne noeTojH MorytiHoeT na
ee 6naTO 3anp>l(asa, TanO)KH 11 na r13a30Be 3arYlliel-be KaHana. CTora cy OBH
23
ileJlO,lII cHa6J.\eBelHI OTBOPOM M nOI<JlOnueM, J.\a 6M Ce l(P03 OTOBP Morno
H3SplIHITH np04MUlt; aBal'be MJlH OilrYUHlBafbe l(aHaJla.
,Ua He611 raCOBM M BOila H3 ueBH npOilMpana I(P03 OTBOP M33aH Mpe)l(e,
Mopa ce H3Mefjy nOI<JlonUa M Jle)I(HUlTa y l\eBM jeilaH rYMeHM yMe-
Tal( 1(0jH ce 03fO npMTerHe rB03ileHOM onpyrOM. Onpyra je y cpeilMHM MaJlO
n03HjeHa H CBOjHM KpajcBI1Ma npOBY4eHa Kp03 OTBope Ha MaJlHM )I(Jbe60BH-
H3paljeHHM Ha caMoj ueBH. PeBH3110HM ileJlOBH Mopajy 6HTM Jlal(O npM-
cTyna4HH.
Ha OHe KaHane 1<0jH cnposoile 061'1
1
lHe cnnallHHe, HHjH 06aBe3HO CTa-
BJbaTH peilH3HOHe ileJlOil e, Bet; H3y3eTHo npeMa nOTpe6H H HaxofjelbY.
Pe3l13HOHI1 ce y HCTHM npellHUHMa I<ao H npaBe ueBH, a
HM je 60 CM. OpeMa MeCTY ynoTpe6e no nponHcHMa pa3nHKyjeMo
TpH BpcTe ileJlOila: peBH3HOHY ueB, peBH3HOHH JlyK
11 j) eBH3110HY pa4By.
Peetl3t10lW npaea lIee (CJI. 9) ilOJla3H Ha cBal\Hx 15 M.
rnaBHor l(yliHor l(aHaJla y npiloj JlHHMjl'l, npH I<pajy H3na3a
l(yhHor l(aH'ana H3 11Maiba H y ilHy l(aCl<aile y 3MJ\aHOM cHJla3Y.
TaonllQa XI - J(epaMII'IJ<e peDH3110He QeDH ea J<anJ<OM
g

!-Y_'_'Y_T_p_alll_Ih_I_n_
p
_C_4_H_H1_'_P_C_D'_'3_"_0_HC_l{_C0_'_' _y_,_",, _,. _____ .... I,_0_0_I:-I_25 J 150 I 200
PeeU3t10HU AyK (ClI. 10) oMoryfiyje hOHTpony 6J1aTHI1X XOpl130HTana Ha
MeCTl1111a Harne npOMeHe npaBua. Ope1\\a npaBuy Cl(peTalba pa3J1MJ{yjeMo
ileCHe H JleBe peBH3HoHe Jly1\03e. \113pafjyjy ce y BenH4HHaMa yHyTpaUlIbHX
npe4HHI<a 3al(JbYQHO ca 200 MM. Ha CJlHUH. 11 ilaT je cneUHjanaH peBH30HM
Jlyl< T. 3B. I( a C I( a Ii. H 11 P e B H 3 M 0 H M JI Y J{ OJ!. 90.
Cnlll<a 10 Cn. II
TaonllQa XII. - J(epaMH4J<H pCBlt3110HII nyJ< ea KanJ<OM
YHYTpalll'"'' npc411HK PCOH311ollor nyJ<a y
1100 125 1150
PeeU3UOHe pa'lee - (CJI. 12) 06e36efjyjy 1(0HTPOJlY Meljyc06Hor YJlHBalba
l(aHana y HCTMM 06nHUMMa H l(oM6HHaUHjaMa I(ao 11 06H4He pa4Be, a y
ilHMeH311jaMa npe4HHI<a 3al<JbY4HO ca BeJlH'IHHOM Oil 200 MM.
CJllII(a
){Oil jCilIlOI<PaI(11X pa4BM, 6MJlO ila cy npaBe HJlH KOCe, pa3ml1(yjeMo ileCHe
H JleBe pe:lH31f0He palIBe. 'uY)l(HHe Cy 60 CM.
24
Ta61111\1a XIII. - l{epallIHql(e peBH3HOHC paQBe ca l(anl(OM
YHyrpaUllhH npeQHHI( peSII3HoHe npoCTe H Jlynne paGse I 100 I 125 I
L(e8 ca iiBa HaZIW8Ka (CJI. 13) ynOTpe6JbaBa ce npH onpaBKaMa M pe-
KOIlCTPYKUMjM l(aHaJlM3auMje y MCTMM AHMeH3MjaMa Kao M 06H'lHe npaBe ueBM.
/l.pmaJlcHe LJe8u (CJI. 14) cJly)!{e 3a OABOA nOA3eMHe
BOAe a H3paryyje ce y AMMeH3MjaMa Rao 1'1 061'1'lHe npaBe
ueBH, caMO uno cy y rOPlboj nOJlOBHHM M36YUleHe pynm.\aMa .

D
1
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6) r8030eHe AU8eHe LJe8u
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OSHX ueSH BpUlH ce y HapOlJHTHM J<aJlymlMa
II TO Y yCnpaBHOM nOJlO>Kajy Ca HarnaBJ(OM oKpeHyTMM Ha-
311Ule. UeSI1 cy rnaTI(e 6e3 MKaKBHX )!(Jbe60Ba CaMO Ca Ha- eMma 13 cn. 14
rnaBKOM ca jeAHe CTpaHe. CnOJba M M3HyTpa cy IlpeBYlJeHe
ac!jlaJITHMM npeMa30M nponrny nop03HOCTH M J(op03Mje. npe yrparyMBalba
JOUl npH nMjeMY Ha rpaAHJlHlliTe Tpe6a npOaepMTI1 McnpaBHocT ueBM.
,D.06pa ce ueB n03Haje no 3S0HKOM MeTaJlHOM 3ByKy npl1 yAapy
rBO.3AeHMM npeAMeTOM. Tyn 3ayK je 3HaK JlOUler JlHBa ea UlynJbM-

i "'-H+- D,
; I
, . I D,
:+x-+jot <i D
r oo'
1.
Tellll(e \leBH
D
D
1
s
Jl aKe \leBH
H<lMa y CTpyKTypH, MJlH
3Ha'!H Aa je ueB HanyKJla.
Uesl1 ce M3paljyjy y npaBHM
I(OMaAI1Ma M cneuHjaJlHMM
!jlacoHCKMM AeJl OaMMa I<ao 11
3a ](epaMHlJ](e ueSM. Y no-
rJleAy jalJMHe M3paljyjy ce
TpM BpCTe ueaM: JI a J( e
ueaM, cpeAlbe Te)!{M-
He H TeUlKe JlMBeHe
u e a M. je 113Me1jy
IbMX y Ae6Jbl1HM 3HAa ueBH
H j alJMHM 060Aa ](OA Ha-
rnaBKa . nOMol;y oae TpH
BpCTe ueall H
ynoTpe6e MO>He ce nocnrnH
ylUTeAa y KOIUTaIbY
Ta](p Ha np . : Jla](e ce
UeBH Mory KOPHCTMTH 3a
OABOA 06MlJHMX CnJlalJMHa,
al(O cy ueBH CJl060AHe BaH
3HAa Ti . HeyrpaljeHe. 3a
OABOA 6J1aTHMX BOAa HJlH
aKO cy ueBH yrpaneHe y
31'1A If JIM ](OHCTPYl(UHjy, y-
nOTpe6JbaBajy ce ueBM cpeA-
Ibe Tell<HHe. TelUKe ueBM AO-
Jla3e y 063MP KOA jaBHHx H
MOHYMeHTaJlHHX arpaAa,
KOA KajHx je CBa KaHaJlH-
3au
M
ja MaCJ(MpaHa y 3HAy a Tpaja'tbe ueBH pa;YHaTO ca HajAY>KHM POKOM
C 063HPOM Ha BpCTy 3rpaAe. .
25
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Ol
Ta6nnua XIV. - \{all8nn3aUHOHC nHoCnC ueon H IIcnOOIf
YOYTpaWlb1l npeQHHK
ueSH (0) y MM.
I I
Ilesu cpelUbe TelKHHe I .
TeWKe ueo" THna N. A. THn8 L. N. A. JJ8Ke ueOH THns L O.
5Ol7OflOo 1125f15oT2oO 50 I 70 1100 : 12511sO 52 I 65 1
100
1
137
I 157 1210

YOYTP8WlbH 72 92 124 151 178 230
Har naOKa (DJ Y MM.
72192112411371176
74 I 90 I 130 I 135 I 182 1233
Ae6JbHOa ueo" (d) I 5 71-
7
-1-
8
- 1 -4-1-4 -5 I 3 I 4 4 4,5 ' 4,5 5
.o y6.10a RarUOKa -;;; -;;: -;;-1
90
-; 75 80 65 I 70 80 85 9)
(t) y mi. I
--'---'-----1-- - - --- --- --- --1-1---1-
Ae6JbHU8 3HJla Harn80K8 6 7 7 81 8 8 6 7 7 8 8 3 4 4 4,5 4,5 5 I
I (y)yMM. _____ ___ --- - - - -- -
Ae6JbHUa py 6a HarUOKa 10 11 11 12112 13 10 11 11 12 12 10 11 11 12 12 13
(x) Y MM.
BHcHHa py6a HarnaOKa 6 -6 - 7- - -7 1-
8
9 -6- - 6- --.; 8 9 6 -6-71-
7
- --8- -;
(xJ y MM. I I
Ae6JbH(n 6 6 61 71-
7
! 7 6 1_6_1 6 I 6 I 7 1 7- 1 7
Te>KHUa ueoll Y Kr. I I I I
.0 Y>KBlia 0,15 M. 2,01 2,8 4,51 5,61 6,8 9,3
0,20 2,6 3,7 5.8 7.5 9,0 12,3
0,50 .. 4,2, 5.8 9.5 12,0,14.3 19,3
0,75 5,7 8.0 13,0 16,3119,6 26,3
1.00 7,3,10,0 16.7 21,0 25,0 38,5
I
1,25 8,8,12,3 20,3 15,3 30,3 40,S
1,50 10,3 14,3 24,0 30,0 35,6 47,5
_ 2,00 13"1"" ",01",+',3 62,0
II. 0,15 M.
0,25
0,50
0,75
1,00
1,25
1,50
2,00
1,7 2,513,8 5,0 I 6.1
2.1 2,9 4,7 6,0 f .2
3,3 4,7 7,3 9'1 12.7
4.4 6.0 9,8 12.1 17,1
5,5 7.5
1
12, 1 15,1 22.0
6.9 9.5 14.7 18.1 263
7,8 .10.8\17.2 122.0 306
10.5
1
14,0 22,4 (,6 89.5
11.. 0,15 M.
.. 0,20.
0.31
0,50.
0.75
1.00
1.25 "
_ 1.57.
2.00
1,25 1,75 3,25 4.0 5,25 3,0
1,75 2.25 3.75 4,75 6,25 9.0
225 3,00 4.75 6.25 7,OJ 14,0
3,50 4,00 6,00 8'50 11 .0 17,0
4.50 8,75 9,50 13,0 14.5 26,0
5,50 7,25 11.5 14,0 17.0 30,0
6,50 9,50 13,5 17,5 22,0 38,0
8,0 ' 10,5 16.5 21,S 26, 44,0
11.00 13,0 20,0 27,5 33.7 54,0
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B=f]"'1


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JlYI(OBII
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l'" ': ..l?
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7 - PC0l131101l11 JlY" 90 II 45
8 - PCOH3HOllH ((aC((allllll JlYK 90 H 45
9 - npaoa pcol13l1ja'
10 - npocr3 I1paoa pa'lBa
II - npocra I<oca pa'.oa
12 - nYI1J1a I1palla pa'lBa
13 - nYI1J1a Koca pa'loa
14 - npOcTa PColl3HoHa Jlywa pa'loa
15 - npOCT3 pColl311olla Koca pa'i Ba
16 - nYI1J1a PCOll3110lla I1pao3 pa'loa
163 - nYI1J1a PColl311olla Koca pa'loa
VlaJ-'o je oaa BpCTa ueall A06HJTa CJTY}l{6eHY A03i10JlY 3a yaoTpe6y H
nopeJ.\ C:JOj HX n03HTHBHHX cBojcTaBa, Hnal< ,rHCy MHorO y npHMeHH, HapO-
4HTO y J.\01h0 j OJ.\BOJ.\HO j Mpe)l(H 360r HenOaOJbHe OKOJlHOCTH Aa Mory 6HTI1
HarpH)I(eHe OA nauuaa.
10) lI>eHoMellH TOl(a H Iip3HHa npOfHl{alh3 BOJ.\e Y KallaJTH3al{HOIIOM
OI\BOJ.\HOM CHCTeMY
YCJleA oc06eHOCTH omaAHix BOA a 11 caMO IhHXOBO npOnlL\alhe
OABOJ.\H'" 06aDJba ce sa Hap0411TH Ha4HH Tj. ueJlO je <jlYHKl.\HOHHCa,be
npaneHO pa3HHM <peHOMeHHMa. H a TOK omal\HI1X BOl\a Hape
l
ll1TO YTlllle
APl1CyCT30 !la3Ayxa 11 raCOBa Y OABOI\HOj Mpe}l{I1
J
KOjl1 cTpyje Y CynpoTHoM
npaauy Oil TOKa DOl\e, Te ce cynpOTCTaBJbajy npaBI1J1HOM OTHual-bY 11 113a-
3H3ajy omop.
TOMe Tpelia AOl\aTI1 H rrojaBY HejeAHal(Or I1llTeH3HTeTa npOTOI{a 11 npo-
MeHJbl1liOCTI1 OI\HOCa 113Mel)y BOAe 11 I(OJlI14I1He- aa31lyxa y ueal1.
nOlllTO ce OI\BO)!.H H CHCTeM MO}l{e CMaTpaTI1 "ao J.\eJlI1MI14HO 3aTilopeH, TO
Csal01 HOil npl1JTl1a BOlle y CI1CTeMY nOTI1CI( yje I1CTO TOJlI1.!:<y KOJTH4HHY ila3-
Ayxa. To 113a311Ba H npoMeHe y npJ1Tl1cJ<y Ba3Ayxa 11 raCOBa y Mpe)l(I1.
Y3 TO Tpe6a Y3eTR y 06311P 11 ynll:\aj TeMnepaTYPHl1x pa3J1HI<a y
OAiJOAHOM cllcTeMy, J<oje Tal(ol)e Mory 113a3BaTI1 nojaBe npOMeHa npl1TI1CJ(a
y Mpe)KI1.
nOWTO BOAa KBaCl1 3HAOBe lIeDii Tj. npajalba y3 IbHX, CHaro>! aAxe3Hje, TO CC ja-
BJbajy omopH OA TpClba, [(.ojll Tal(oije yTIl4y H3 TOK BOAC. YcneA Tora y BCpTal(anllllM
BOllOBHMa Mallie l<OnH'IIlHC BOAe H3a311sajy cpwpanaH TOK. MeijYTl'M osa ' nojaBa npcCTajc
I<OA Betmx npOTOI,a, anll ce y TO'" cny'lajy ycneA omopa Tpelba Ba3Ayxa, !lJopMHpajy
CnojeB}[TC npC4are BOAe (AlljarjlparMC) Koje 3a HC1(O BpeMe HcnYlbaBajy - 3aToapajy
npCCeK.lICml.
,[\lIjacjJparMC ce yGp30 lIenajy nOBY4eHe Ha HH>Ke ManHM npliMCHOBlfMa BOAe, KOjH
ce <!>OPMHpajy ca AOlbe CTpaHe AHja<!>parMC H TaKO nOllcnaHe naAajy HaHH)!(C y SIIAY
"pynHllx I(anlblflla . .JJ;lfjacjJparMe CC pacnpCJ<aBajy H nOA AejCTBoM nOBehaHor sa3AYWHor
np"THCKa y Acny HcnOA npC4are, Te npaMeHOBH BOAC 61lsajy Ga4eHH AenHMH4HO Ha 3HA0BC
lIeBH. OBe BOAcnc npC4are y BepTlfl<anaMa nOBchasaj y Harne H HcjeAHal(e BapHjallllje
np"TlIcKa y cHCTeMY.
lliTO Cc TIl4C Gp3HHC npOTJllIalba, OHa ce MaHlI<!>CCTyje I(ao [(,OA CBal(or Tena Manc
ryCTHHC npll naAY y BaaAYXY. Tj. omop fie paCTH ca KBaApaTOM 6p3HRe, a 6p311Ha fie
Ao61<TlI CBOjy uajsehy CTanHy BpelU'IOCT, KaA ce u3jeAHaQll OTnop 11 cHna KpeT3Iba.
Cml'fIlO lie lIacrynHTII y BepTl<J<anUIlM OABOAHIIM lICBIIMa, r Ae he ya y6paalhe BOAC
npH naAY 11 OTnopa Tpelba 0 aUAosc l' I(P03 9a31lYx, pe3ynTllpaTII 6p3HHa, Koja lie Aa
paCTe AO jeAHora MaKCIIMYMa, a OHAa OCTaTH CTanlla. Anll nOWTO ce OA90AIIII CI1CTeM
c"aTpa I(ao IIcnHMIl4110 3aT90PCH, TO hc oTnop BaaAyxa Aa paCTe 6p)!(e OA K9aApaTa
6pallHc, TC he Gpal1Ha paHlljc AOCTII"" CBOj MaKCIIMYM,
3a npail HJlHO (jJYHKuHoHl1calhe OJ.\BOI\Hor CHCTeMa rJTaBHH je 3aXTeB
Aa je TOJ{ C JI 060 A a H 6 e 3 y T U a jaB 0 J.\ e H 0 r aCT y n u a. Me
ryynlM cTy6au ce MO}l{e noj,aBI1TI1 y Asa cJI)"laja : n p D 11 je cJlY4aj y Ilrty
aepTI1KaJle, rile DOlleHI1 CTy6 MO}l{e HacTynl1TI1 OJ.\ JlQUfer cnoja Bepnll<aJlBe
11 XOPl130HTaJlHe ueaJ1 HJll1 ynoTpe60M HellOilOJbHOr npe4HI1I<a UeBI1.
To ce MO)Ke y6JTa}l{I1TH HJJl1 nOTllYHo eJlHMHHHCaTH npl1MeHOM JlYKa y
AHy SepTI1I<aJle ca WTO ilelil1M 11 npo<jlHJTa
TaJlHHX ueilH 3a jellaH 6poj BI1We. Haje<jlI1KaCHHjH je Ha411H aKO ce npl1MeHI1
npeJla3HH peAyuf1pajynH Jlyrc
.u p y r H je cJly4aj Ha MeCTl1Ma r"e ce yml3a XOPl130HTaJlHI1 orpaHaK
Ha CilOjy ilepTH"aJlY, 3aTO WTO je rIa TI1M MeCH1,\la 6p31111a npO
Tl1
ualhU y
BepTI1I<aJlI1 HajMalha, Te ce 3epTI1KaJla HanyHH H TaRO .ce CTilOPH BOAeHH
cTy6au. OIlMax 3aTHM 6p3f!Ha paCTe 1101< He noCTl1rHe MaKCI'''\IYM. 3HaLJH
41
Y rrp13QM MQMeH'fy 6p3HHa je jeAHal{a OcpTHKcnHQj KQMITQHeHTH yn2Stie
6psHtie QA orpaHKa. Ta I<QMnQHeHTa saOHCH: QA il e n H lJ H Hen p e C e 1< a
XQPHSQHTanliQr orpaHI<a, QA oenl1411He npQTQI{ a BQAe
H QA Y rna n Q..u 1< 13 j H M C e y n H B a. npHMeHQM ny4He palJ se 3HaTHQ
ce yMafbyje <jlQPAtHpal'be BQAetlQr CTynl.\a Ha THAI MeCTHMa.
y XQPH3QHTanHHM SQAQSHMa, a HapQ4HTQ Y maBHQM Kyl1HQM l<aHany,
TQI{ je BQAe I{QMnJllfKQnaHHjH. Ty Ice janJbajy nQpeA QTnQpa Tpefba QA
311AQ3a 11 nasAyxa H nQpeA nQjane ODAeHQr cTyntla, JQW W Apyre lJHI-beHHtle
KQje nQrQPwasajy npalHinaH TQI( H TQ: M a fb e 6 p 3 H H e 13 T H tl a fb a, ys
H a j s e h e 13 n T e p e 11 e fb e QA sehHX BQAeHHX Maca CI<yrrJbeHHX y AQfbeM
OABQAY. I
Mel,yTHM, QCHQnHH 3aXTes QABQAa CaCTQjH ce y cnpQBQljeI-bY TaKBe
AHCaQSHllHje CHCTeMa, Aa ce He AQ3BQnH 3aAP)J<aBaibe Cnnaq"HHa y FbeMy.
Y rnaBHH I<yhHlf I(atlan cnHsajy. ce I<PQS BepTJ1J(anHe nQAQse H QrpaHI<e
Cl3H caHHTapHH Q6jeRTIl y 3rpaAl1., Te je HeQITXQAHQ nQTpe61{Q Q6e36eAHTH
y C T a Jb e H T 13 I( Tj. MQpajy ce enHMHHI1CaTH IT 13 jaB e B 13 A e H 13 r a
cTyrrtla H IT QBel,afbe npHTHcI<a y Mpe)l{H, KQje 6H AQsene
.LIQ HSAH3aFba . nQAe y sepTwKanHHM Ii SaCTQj y llenQI<ynHQj QAriQAtbH.
OSQ 6H C Q6Sf.1PQM Ha ryCTl'lHe y Q'I'naAHHM BQAaMa rrpaKTl'lqHQ AQsenQ AQ
TanQ)I(efba H 3a'lenJbetba KaHana.
C TQra je Hajsa)l(HHje yCl<naAHTH QAHQC H3Meljy H a j n e her ' IT p 13-
TQKa BQAe ys HajMatbe AQSBQJbeHY 6pSHHY QTHuatba H
Taj QAHQC Hehe AQSBQnHTH cneratbe 'lBpCTHX AenQBa . OBa ce 6psHHa y
npaI<CH pa'lyHa QA 1 M./ceK. a HajMatbe 0,60 M./ceK.
I{pI1Tn"na. ,!eCTa y AOfbCM OABOAY ollJIa Oil CBl! oHa,JAe ce OJlaTHe BepTHKane
YJIliBajY Y XOplISOHTaJIlII! KanaJI, MeljynlM Ha TI1M MecrHMa nOnOJhHO AeJlyj y ymlBHe
opSHHe OA BCPTHI(aJIIUlX CJlHBOBa, Ty ce npH npOMeHH npanua opSHHa AenH y KOMnoneHTe,
Te XopHSOlITaJlHa l<OMnOUeHTa l(ao Beha OA CTaJlHC MHHaMaJIHe opSHHe y XOPHSOHTaJIHOM
l ( aJ-Iany) O)KJ1B1baBa TOI( 11 eJlHMHHHWe nojaBe TaJlO){(elba,
,lJ.pyro Mecro je OHO, rAe XOplISOHTaJUlH l(aHaJl Mefba npanaq IUlH ce
HeJ(;l xopaSOHTaJIHll orpaual( ynnBa y KaHan, a Aa npn TOMe cnpOBOAH OJlaTHe BOAe, Ha
'l'IIM MeCTHMa MO)l(e . Aolm AO TanO)I(efba soor ryollTI(a y OPSHHJI yCJIeA CaBJIalj HBafba
OTnopa Ha I(PHBlIHa>la H YJlHBHMa,
3aTO cy Tal(Ba MeCTa y KaHaJI}JsaU1ljH I(OH1'pOJlIICaHa nOMohy OAroBapajylmx peBH-
SIIOHHX AeJlOB3, OopaSOBafbe naK Belmx cnpYAOBa - Tanora Ha THM MeCTI1Ma YMalbeHO
je CHarOM BeJlHKOr npOTOKa OCTaJIliX Cnna"IIHa H ynoTpeOJhe!'c BOAe oes
CaAP){(HHe TaJIora,
OCHM o6esoet)elha MlllntMaJlHC nOTpeOHC opSIlHe OTIIUafba, BPJlO je B3)IQ{O sa npa-
BHJI<UI TOI( H OTI(JJalhalbe UenOBOJhHIIX nojaBa, ynoTpeoa n po n II C H H X A H M e H 3 H j a
l( a II a JI a H n p a B H JI II a n P H Me H a !jl a COli C I( H X A e JI 0 B a,
11. HarHoH OTHl.\alba XOpH30HTaJlHHX -l.\eBH
nOW'nl je 6pswHa npDHn.latba Hajoa)l(tlJoijw qJahTDp 3a npaBwnaH TDK
BDAC Y XQPWSQHTanHQj QA13QAtlQj Mpe)I01, TQ ce Qtla MQ)Ke QCI1rypaTw tla Taj
Ha4HH, WTQ he ce XQPW3QHTanHe lleaw nQJlaraHI y QApeljeHQM Har116y.
063WPQM Ha HanpeA yBpljCHY HajMatbY AQS13QJbeHY 6pSIHly QA 0,6 M.(ceK.,
TQ W sa HarH6 Tpe6a QApeAHTw QArQSapajylHI MHtlHMYM.
){aQ tI a j H H)I< a r p a tI 1'1 II a AQ I{Qje ce MQ)J<e 11hw 3a KyhHe KaHane
jecTe Harw6 QA 1,3% (0,0 13) 11nw 1 : 75.
AmI WCTQ Tal<Q HKCY nQOQJbHW HH OenHKI1 HarH611, ' jep al(Q I1e npH
HarJ10HMa HCnQA AQfbe rpaRHlle 1311. 1 ycneA HeAQCl QJbHe 6p311t1e
llaCTynl1TH TanQ)Kel-be rycTHHa, HCTQ he ce AeCHHI II npH : el'HIM Harl161'IMa
42
OAHOCHO Bel'HIM 6p3MHaMa OTMQalha. Te'lllli Aeo y TOM cnytrajy oTMualie 6p)!(e,
a ryCTJ-fHe fie 3aO:CTajal'M- H TaJJO)f(I1TM ce.
360r Tora je YCBojeH H ,jeAaH M a f( C M AI an H M H arM 6 Ta roplha
rpaHMua rrpeKo f(oje ce He Mim M3HOCM 6,6% (0,06 11nld I : 15).
MeI)YTMM, OBe 1t03S0JbeHe rpaHMue MI1HMMyMa 11 Mal(CI1MYMa Tpe6a
I(OPI1.CTI'ITH y I1sY'<leTI1M OKOnHOCTI1Ma. TaKo Ha np. HajBelm AOSBOJDeml
Harl16 MO)!(e ce ynoTpe6HTH sa KpaTKe
orpaHKe, Roj}! CnpaBOl(e 0611trHe Cnna'lI1He f7\
Mnl1 KHIIIHMUy H 3a rnaBHI1 KaHaJJ TO
CaMO sa 1\eo OA rpaHMue HMafba 11,0 cnoja
Ca ynl1'1HI1M ](aHaJIOM.
HajMaI-b11 A03BOJbeHH Ham6 KOPHCTH
ce caMO y roM cnY'lajy, aKO
pa3nl1l(a 113Meljy ](Ol'e AHa ](y\'rnor ](aHana
11 YJJl1'1HOr, He AonylllTa Belie Y
o)aKBI1M cnYlJajeBI1Ma Tpe6a. npeABMAeTI1
1111'0 j a'le I1Cnl1paI-be rnaBl-lOr KaHana.
/' OBO ce nOCTHtm Ha ABa Ha-
jellaH je Ha'lHH nOBe3HBal-'>e
III TO Be Ii e r 6 p 0 j a ' K-H' W H Ii x 0 n y-
]( a c a K a Ha n 113 a- U 11 fo H Y M e-
TaI-be IIlTO. '1ellllil1x - aTBopa 3a
p.eBH3I1jy. )J.pyrl1 je Ha'lHH HaCHn-
H 0 C n H p a, I-b e KaHaJJa BOIIOM. OBaj
je ApyrH Ha'lI1H HapO'll1TO nOTpe6Ho npH-
I>leI-bHBaTH y neTI-be Tonne H 6e3KMIIlHe
AaHe. ' -
HCnMpaI-be ce BplllM Kp03 - HapO'lMTa
OKHa 03Mlla.Ha sa Ty CBpxy Ha noqeTKY
I<yliHor Ta](O, Aa ce uenOM IIY)I<M-
HOM MO)Ke McnMB'!TM. MO)f(e ce HCKOPI1- .
CTJ>ITH jeAaH OA nocTojeliMx KpajI-bHX pe- Cmll<a 19 - OI(HO 3a Hcnllpalhe KaHana
BH3MOHMX CHna3a Y TOM cnyqajy CHna3
MOpa 6MTH HenponyCTJ>1.B 3a BOilY Tj. H3-
HyTP<l- ManTepl1CaH MaJJTepOM, a AHO M 3al(0llleHO
npeMa OTBOPY Ha peBM3HOHOM KOMallY
l{aAa ce nOKnonau OTBopa Oll,l1rHe BOlla ce MO)Ke 1I,0BeCTM AO cMnasa
nOMoliy upeBa OA Haj6nl1)!(er IIBopHIIIHor xMllpaHTa HnM qeCMe. JOIll 60Jbe je
](ao Ha Cn. 19 aKO ce npBo Hanyml
Cl1nas BOAOM, na ce oHlla jellHoM I<YKOM
OIlHrHe nOI(nonau Ha OTBOPY peBHsHje,
a DOAa ce CHarOM DHCI1He DOJ(eHora
cTy6a C jypl1 Y i(aHaJJ H Ta1(0 ra HcnHpa.
Cn. 20 - J1eTBa 3a Han!O lleBH
Ont1TH Cy YTBpA,lnl1 Aa je 3a npa-
Bl1nHO Cnt1paI-be Haj60JbH cpeAIMI Ha- .
rl16 011. 3% (0,03), jep je npl1 TOM Ha-
rl16y 6p311Ha onruaI-ba TaMaH TOnl1l(a, ll.a TeqHI1 lI,eo ycnelIlHo cm-Ipa ryCHIHe,
OAHOCHO 1l0CTI1)f(e ce ycnelllHo CaM 011 C n 11 p a I-b e I(aHana. CTora ce npe-
nopyqyje, KaA rOA je TO Moryl1e, ynpa)!(I-ba3aTl1 HarH6 OA 3%.
3a npamtnHO cnl1paI-be Bpno .ie na)KHO 11 TO! Aa ce H3a6paHI1 Hanl6
OAP)!(11 y uenoj AY)l(I1HH KaHana 6e3 npOMeHa Tj. 6e3 npenOMa.
43
Jil3a6paHH Ham!) ce HHCTpY"MeHCTa, nOMohy paslbC': e
MnH nOMohy HapOlHlTe neTBe y 06nm<y CTpMe paBHH noil. Ila'rHM Harl-I60M
BHil.H cn. 20. JleTaa ce ca 3a1<orueHoM cTpaHoM nOnO}f(M Ha l.I.ea, a 03ro ce
'i
.A.. 0 0
M. :

O CI'4 .
. 6 %,
6 eM .
l e M. t:
''Yo
6CM.
'l CM.
6CM.
,-.
::'C.M.
6 Cht.
3 /,0
1.
b eN. .

6 eM.
1'-7 Chi .
6 Ci'+..
-1..?> I .
Cn. 21 Pa3Mepe neTasa
Ha neTay C'raSM nH6ena. l{ail. ce nH6ena AOTepa y SOil.0PaBHH nonO}l<aj , OI-fil.a
j e nOCTHrHYT H3a6paHH Har H6 u,eSM. Ha Cn. 21 i1.aTe cy pa3Mepe no J<OjliMct
Tpe6a CI<POjHTH neTsy i1. Y}f(HHe I M. a 3a cse npormCaHe
12) nOJiarall?e I{OPH30HTaJlHHX lleBH Y pOBoBe
y i1.01b0j 0il.BOil.BOj lIlpe}f(H, J<aKO y KyftH TaKO M y il.BOPHIllTy , KB1Il e-
HaCTe u,eBH nona)l<y ce y HCl<OnaHe pOBoBe, a npeMa nnaHY M
WHpl1Ha posa j e HBjMatbe 0,70 M. 3a u,eal1 0 150 MM. a 3a u,esl1
aene'r npelJHHI<a MO}f(e 6HTI1 0,80 il.0 I M. .uy6I1HB pOila 3aSI1CH 01\
i1.y6l1He 1<aHana.
Y 3rpail.I1 cy 'IeCTO OHI1 spno IJnI1TI<I1, HenoCpeil.Ho I1cn0il. nOJl:a n0il.PYMa
anli H3aaB 3r pail.e, i1.y6l1lia posa Mopa 6HTI1 Haj Malbe 1 M. Osa je Mepa
nOTpe6Ha Kao npeil.OXpaHa oil. YTI1u,aja Mpaaesa .
Y 3i1.paBHM TepeAI1Ma, a Aa il.y611HY Oil. 2- 2,5 M. He Mopa ce np
e
il.Y3H-
MaTI1 Hel<O HapOlJ l1TO oCl>frypalbe 60Kosa pOBa npOTHS 06py waBafba, anl1 sa
sene i1.y6lme TO je 06aae3HO. a[<o ce pOS Hona I\Y)I< rnaBHor
cnOJbaWlber 311i1.a 3r pail.e, a Ha HajMalbeM oTcTojatby Oil. 1,00 M. , Tpe6a 113Bp-
IllHTI1 oCl1rypalbe pOlla 6e3 06311pa Ha J<Banl1TeT 3eMJbl11llTa 11 AyOI1Hy pOBa .
06pyuraBafbe 3eMJbe i1. Y)l< rnaBHor Bpno je HenOSOJbHO 3a 3rpail.Y,
jep Ala l{al<O i1.a ce npOnl1CHO Hal<Hail.HO HaCl1 nalte Ha611 jalbe 3eMJbe,
OBa ne 611TIi nop03HI1ja Oil. OI<OnHor He06pyweHor TepeHa, Te ti e BI1We yml -
laTH BOil.Y H Sna)l(liTI1 3HIlOBe 3rpail.e. BOl\a tie ce u,eil.HTI1 i1. Y}f( 31>iil.a i1.01< He
i1.oCne i1.0 CTone TeMeJba 113a3BaTI1 pa3MeHIllaaalbe 3eMJbHWTa, a ca THM H
cnera Ibe H nyu,a Ibe 3rpa;I.e.
44
Ha 06p' llIeHIiM MeCTlIAta yCJIell Cneralba SeMJbH.IJITa nojaslrlie ce H Ha Tpo-
TOapHA\a n}fl<OTHlfe. Al<o je )!,HO pOBa 6ml3Y KOTe CTorre TeMeJba, npouec cne-
ralba H nytmfba srpa):,e ycnel111l;e lI\HOrO 6p>Ke H y sehoj MepH. (BI1):\11 cn. 22).
CmlKa 22 - Pon GJlII3Y 31li\a 3rpai\e
Y HacyTI1M H cna611M TepeHI1Ma Kojl1 -ce oCl1najy BplllH ce oCl1rypalH
604HI1X CTpaHa 6e3 06311pa , Ha lberO!lY l1y611HY. QCHrypafbe ce 11330LI1 liOJly-
nllpalbeM 601(0!la TannaMa ja411He 6/4", a lIlHpl1He OKO 20 H TpylTl.\"'Ma npe-
CJlIII(a 23 - OCllrypalbc paBa
pa3ynllpalheM
C1II1 I<a 24 - CJlaj necI<a OKO l\eBIl
'IH",va \ 5-20 CM. Tanne ce CTa!lJbajy Ha 5HCI1HCKOM pa3MaKY 011 01-'0 50
(B111111 CJL 23).
Y UHJby YlllTelle y l(onalbY 11 l1a ce ca06pahaj Ha rpaI1HJII1111TY,
3e KonaTH nOA3eMHI1 npona311 y IJ lll1.Y TyHena HajAY>KH 0.1\ \ ,8 A\.
l{aJ\ ce II.HO pO!la 11CKona y AaTOM HarH6y, npl1cTyp.a ce nonarafbY Ka-
MeHCIUIX ue311, "oje Tpe6a OJ<peHYTI1 ca Harna61(OM y3BO.l\HO. UeBI1 ce nona)l(Y
45
y cnoj neCi{a II TO IICnOi\ i\OJ-be H31-lUe l1arna3Ka U,C:;H l1ajMalte 5 CM. a
npeKo u,e,)lI 10 CM. OA rop'he H3Hu,e lfarnaLll{a (iHli\H CnHi< Y 24).
nOJ1araJbC ueDII y CJ10j nCCI(a HylKHO jc H3 CJ1ClIclHlX paanora: npe CBera 'leCTO
je nOTpeoHo 113paBHaTII IIHO pOBa , 3 Hap0411TO y I<aMCIIHTIIM TCPCHHM3 II IIcnyHIITH CDe
HepaRHlIHC, TaKO lIa ce nOMolly cnoja nCCK3 CTBOP" jell1l3 113jella4CHa n0l\J10ra: IIpym
pa3J10r je Taj, UITO KpTe KepaM1I41(C UCB" TpcGa lIa J1Cll(e LlenOM ny)l(lI HOM Ha CllrYPHOM
II MeKOM TJ1Y, a TO ce nOTOYHO nocTlot<e nCl.ll1.JaHHM aacropOM. .
nOWTO cy KepaM""KC LlCBH ca HatnaBKOM, TO CC yCTnap" cnal(a I,CD, 01\ JellHor 110
1tpyror HarllaOI,a, nOH3U1a 1(ao rpena OcnOlbcHa 1-Ia 110a OCJlOHUaJ DHAH Cl1. 2.5. 3U3\lH Jla 6u
nOil roplbl-IM onTcpehelbcM Oil HacYTor cnoja 3CMJbC, 360r KPTOCTII MaTepHJana, LleB Morna
113 nYKHe aKO ce HeGIl 1I0lba li!ynlhHHa IlcnYHIIJ13.
CJ1HKa 25 - Ynora cJ10j a neC!<a
3eMJbOM jc TO HeMorylic oCHrypaTII, nOWTO CC OHa CJ1ame H pa3MeKW3Ba Oil Bnare,
1101( necal( 3anpll(aBa craJllIO CBOjy 3anpeMlllly.
Cnoj 01\ 5 Coli. IIcnon caMor Harn3BI(a nOTpeGaH je H3 IICTUX pa3nora, jep 31(Q
ce LleB HarnaBUHM3 ocnaH>C Ha HClla TBplja nell(HWT3 HCro liTO j e nClKlIWTe caMe LleBIl
H3MCljy Harn3B1(a (HapO'IIITO KOII HcpaBHIIX II l(aMCH"TIIX TcpeHa), jaBHne GH ce Ha ocnOH-
LlI1Ma CHne peal(Llnje, l(ojllMa Ll eB, onTcpelieHa ca rOPlbe CTpaHe Jle GH OIlOJ1Cna.
Mel(ofia J1Cn{HWTa Ll eDH l<oja ce nOCTH)I(e nCC!<OM nOTpe6Ha je lIa Cc yGJlall(H YTJoILlaj
MexaHH4Kor nejCTBo Tna Ha KpYTe II l(pTe KepaMH4Ke LleBIl . np"n>IKOM PYWClba CTapH1'
KaHana YTBpt)eBO je na je BenHl(1I npOUCHaT LleB'1 GHO ca ny"oTHHaMa HcnOA lIarnaBaKa,
jep Hllje Guno necl(a IIcnOIl LleBH, Bell je LleB ne)l{ana OcnOlbCtIi1 lIa TepeH caMO H3-
rnaBLlIIMa. .
Cnoj necl<a HcnO)l, I1M.a CBOjy ynory 11 y npaKTH'IHOM nornOAY .
CaMor H3BoljeJ-ba paAOBa 11 non.araJ-ba u,eBI1. nO)l,611jalheAl I1nH O)l,Y3HMaJ-beM
necl<a HcnoA u,esH, Bpno ce naKO )l,OTepyje nH6ena y BOAopaBaH nono-
)I(aj, TC ce TI1Me nOC'TH)l{e 11 6p)J{e 11 cl1rypHl1je I1jBoljeJ-be npOnl1CaHOr
l1arl16a.
Cnoj necJ(a 113HaJl u,eBH nOTpe6aH je I<ao 3alllTHTa 3a l(aHan OA TBp)l,l1X
npeAMeTa npI1nl11{OM 3aTpnaBatba pOBa. MCTO TaI(O oBaj cnoj H311aA u,eBH I1Ma H
jeAI1Y 'IHCTO TeXHH'IKy .<jlYFlKU,Hjy a tiaHMe, Aa paBHOMep"0 npeHece omepei1eJ-be
0)1, ropJ-ber l1acYTor MaTepHjana l1a nonO)I(eHY HapO'lHTO KOA i\y60KHX
pOilOBa 11 KOA BeliHx pa3nHI(a y HI1BOY TepeHa, cnojeBI1 HaCyTor Aena pOBa
ycneA l1eje)l,Hal<e BI1CI1He Tj. Te)l(HHe, l1eje)l,HaRo npl1Tl1CI(yjy 11 omepeliy-
lY u,eB.
nOllITo ce u,ea nonO)1(11 y cnoj neCKa npl1cTyna ce 3aTpnaBaJ-bY pOBa .
To Ce BpllIH nOCTeneHO y cnojeBHMa OA 20 CAL )l,e6JbHHe npl1 'IeMY ce 3eMJba
CTanl10 1(BaC11 H Ha6Hja rB03Ael1HM MaJbeBHMa. Ha611jaJ-beM Ce CaMo
Aenl1MWlHO 'JilPCTOha Tepel1a. CneraJ-be pOBOBa npoAy)!(aBa Ce jOlll Ti,yro
BpeMOHa.
46
OTyl\a cy 03M cJloie5l1 SeMJbIHllTa nop03HHjl1, BHUle BOl\y Oil
OKOJlHI1X SApaBI1X cJloje"a, Te l\eo oilaj cJloj Ca cJlojeM rrecl'a y I\Hy
pOBa HMajy OAJlI14HY I\peHa)KHY <jJYHKl\11jy 11 cMaTpajy ce 1<ao yp6aIlMCTI141<H
eJleMeHaT y aCaHl\Mj.1 rpaACI{H'){ TepeHa. 3aTpnaEatbe POl.lOBa BpUlI1 ce TeK
nocJle nperneAa H33pUleHor nOJlaraEba J<aHaJla.
13. 3anTHBatbe cnojesa l\eSH
KBaJlI1TeTa ue311, 3a CI1FYPHOCT OAEOI\IlOr CI1CTeMa, l?a)KHO je Aa
cy cnoje311 113Meljy I\ile TaKO I1s::: el\eHI1, I\a He 1\03ll0Jba3ajy npOl\l1patbe
ornaAHe BOl\e y srp,al\Y I1ml y TepeH. 030 ce nOCTM)I(e pa3jll1M cpeACTBHMa
3a 3anTl13atbe. AJlI1 Clla cpeJ{CTBa HI1Cy nOrOI\Ha sa 03Y CBpxy, jep A06ap J\la-
TepHjaJl 3a 3anTMSaEbe l\erm OCI1 \ Hen pO nyc T Jb M SO C T H 3 a SO 1\ y,
Mopa 6MTH joUl I'I r H 6 a K H 11 JI aCT 11tl a H.
Cmu<a 26 - 3anTHBatbC cnojcBa -
KcpaM. n;CBII ycnpaBHHx
CJIHKa 27 - 3amHBalbc cnojcBa
KcpaM. u;eBH n0J10)l(eHHX
Osa je oc06HHa BPJlO Ba)KHa 360r I\lmaTal\Mje MaTepMjaJla H cneratba
arpal\e J<al\ ce HMa y BHI\Y I\a cy M J<aMeHaCTe r B031\eHe nMEeHe l\eBI'1 He-
enaCTH4He - J<pTe, Te 611 npM KPYTOM cnojy nojeAHHI1X KOMaAa (KOjJ1 4I1J:e
jeAHY l\eJlHHY), HacTynMo J<Bap l\eBH.
CTora je 3 a 6 p a tb e Ii a y nOT p e6 a J<PYTMX cnojeBa .l\ e M -e H TOM
M n H J< M T 0 3101 M a. Kao MaTepHjaJl 3a 3anTHBatbe I\OJla3H y 06slIp a C <pa Jl1:
H 0 JI 0 S 0, jep 101 jeAaH 101 APYrw MaTepMjan OArOBapa rOpEbMM 3aXTeBHMa.
- 3a I( a Me Hac T e l\eSH nponHcaH je a C <jJ a JI T 360r CBOjHX Bpi lO 110-
BOJbIiHX oc06m..a y OI(HOCy lia MaTepMjaJl l\eaM. nOUlTO ce aC<jJaJlT Toml lia
MaJloj 01\ 50-75, TO npH 3'lJlMBatby cnojeBa -Helie npOH32eC'fH
nYl\atbe l\eBH, a l <al\a ce CTBpAHe JOIll je YBel( rw6al(.
A C <jJ a JI T je HenponycTJbHB sa BOilY H BPJlO O'PITOpaH npeMa BehHHH
xeMHCKHX YTHl\aja, a Y. cnyqajy Omal\HMX BOlla BPJlO je OTlTOpaH npOTHB pa-
30pHor l\ejcTBa MOJ<palme I(I1CeJlHHe.
n OJlo)l<elje l\eBM y SeMJbH 6HJlO HcnoJ{ nOAa 3rpal\e I1J1M y I\BOPHliITY,
H3JJO)I<eHe cy BeliHM YTHl\ajHMa nOTpeca HJlH TaJlaCatba TJla, Te rMITI<.ocr
aC<\laJJTa oBJ{e 1I06Hja nyH 3Ha4aj, jep CnpeqaBa nyl\8tbe l.(e6H y cacTasy.
ce 3anTHBajy Ha CJlellehH HalJHH: CJI. 26 H 27 .
npeTxoJJ.Ho ce cnpeMe TaHl<e BHTI1l\e 01\ KytlllHe, J(oje ce HaMoTajy 01<0
)I(Jbe60Ba Hjl CnOJbHoj cTpaHH l\eBH H CBe ce yByqe y HarJlaEal<
1.7
.o.Ol-be f{a.o. uea 6y.o.e TaQHO 1I?J1Hje ce pCiCTOnJbeHH aC<paJlT
y MeljynpocTop cae .0.0 ropl-be HalU(e py6!1
1{0Jr nonOlKeHHX npe Hero WTO aC(jJaJlT, o6a5Hje ee 01, 0
ropl-ber py6a HarnaBl(a .o.e6Jbl1..KOMa.o. ylKeTa H ueo Ce cnoj cnOJba OOJlenH
YMeweHOM HJloaaqOM. nOTOM ce na)KJbHBO
H3Byqe YlKe, a 03ro ce Kp03 OTDOP Hamlje
pac"(onJbeUH ac<jJanT H OCTanl1 ce .o.OK He
O'lBpcHe.
3a r 13 0 3 .0. e H e Jl H n e H e l.IelHl npo-
mrcaHO je 0 JI 0 13 o. Onono je TaKOlje MeK
H BPJlO nocTojau 11 OTnOpaH MaTepHjaJl 3a
.. . . On HHnYCTpI1CI{HX CnJla'HlHa Tpe6a OT-
. CTpaHI1TI1 rrpI1CYCT130 a30THe 1U1CemlHe, ]{oja
Tal{o1je HenOBOJbHO .o.eJlyje Ha OJl030. 360r
(.
BO.o.r H xeMHCKe ynillaje, je}lHHO Tpe6a OJl030
. Qyaanl 0.0. yTAl.\aja Cae)Ker Kpe4a 11 l.\eMeHT-
Hor MaJlTepa, ](ojl1 ra Harpl13ajy.
<:i oje nocTojaHoCTI1 rrpeMa OKCl1nauHjH, OJlOBO
Cmma 28 - 3anTH03fbe cJlojeBa npY)l(a eOJlHJl.Hy 3anTY, a 360r csoje MeKone
'IHBCHI'X IICB... ' OMory.j;yje enaCTH4aH enoj JlI1BeHI1X KpyTI1X
N Kp'rl1X ueBH. Y ropl-beM O.o.BO.o.y MO)Ke .o.a
npl1MH H BpeJly Bony; npeMa KOjoj He 611 6110 .o.OBOJbaH aC<jJaJlTH)-I cnoj.
1{0.o. ycnpaBuHx enpOBO.o.H111(a, nOWTO ce l.\eB- Jr06po ueHTpl1pa y HarJl a-
B:! !( .o.Ol-be l.\eBl1, Ha6Hje ce cByna YHaOI(OJlO 01{0 ueBfI He1(Onl1l(0 CaHTI1MeTapa ,
"Y4I1He, na ce nOTOI\I
HaJll1je paCTOnJbeHO 0-
JlOBO CBe .0.0 ropl-be 11-
BI1 .; e HarnaBKa . BI1.o.I1
Cn- 28.
1{0.o. nOJlO)KeHI1X ue-
BI1 nocTyna oe Ha I1cnl
Ha'll1li I ao H Ca Hepa
MI14KHM ueBI1Ma, caMO
WTO ce no CBpUJeHoM
CTBpnl-baBal-bY onOBa
oncel.\a BHllIal( OJlOBa
I(y.o.a je cTajaJlo YlKe
Tj. cl<l<l.o.ajy Ce-- T3B. I(a-
pl1l e.
Ha Cn. 29 npHI<a-
3aHa c IlBa enY4aj a
cnoja H3Mel}y l(aHaml-
3auHOHHX ueBI1 pa3J111-
'1I1TOr MaTepHjaJla 11 TO:
Cmma 29
1. Cny4aj l<all Ha rB03.o.eHY JlI1BeHY ueB Tpe6a HarJl aBHTI1 l(epaMl14Hy.
OBO ce 113BOnl1 AOMony Hap0411Tor yMema (<\iacoHCI(Or I(OMa.o.a) ott
rBo<1ja a caeTaB ce 3anTI1Ba I(Y'II1HOM 11 acqlanToM ](On cnoj a (a) .0.0]( je
cnoj ](Oll (6) nOMony I{Y4I1He 11 onOBa. .
2. CJlyqaj I{an Ha HepaMI14liY lies Tpe6a HarJlaBHTH rB03.o.eHY JlI1BeHY
l.\eB. VI oBaj ce cnoj 11380.0.11 nOMony HapO'll1Tor ml8eHOr YMeTl(a. CaeTaB I{on
(a) je nOMony l<y4l1He Ii aC<jJama a HacTaB I(On (6) nOMohy Ky4HHe n onOBa.
48
14. PeBH3HoHH CHHa3H
PeBH3HOHH ,!\enoBH y OABoAHOj Mpe)l(H Mopajy 6HTH naKO npl1cTyna'lHI1.
OHI1 cy y rOpl-beM O,!\BoAy 06H'IHO BI1,!\HI1 Ha 311Ay I(ao H l(eBI1 Hnl1 aKO cy
yBy'leHI1 y 311AHe )1(Jbe60Be I1Majy Ha TI1M MecnlMa nOl<noual(.
y AOlboj OABOAHOj Mpe)l(I1 naK AO peBI18110HI1X AenOBa CI1na3H ce no-
Mohy HapO'll1THX 0311,AaHI1X oTBopa, Koje Ha3HBaMO p e B 11 3 11 0 H 11 AI 0 I( H 11-
M a I1nH CHna3HMa (waxTOBI1Ma). OHI1 ce rpaAHTH: OA 0 n eKe I1nl1
OA 6 e l' 0 H a.
CUnQ3U 03UaOllU OneKO.lo!
3a Kyl'iHe H Malbe ABopHWHe Mpe)l(e Aona3e y 063HP CI1na311 311,!\aHI1 OA
oneKe.
OHI1 ce rpaAe npaBoyraoHor npeceKa H TO 'mCTa yHyTpawlba Mepa je
0,70 X 1,00 M. Cn. 30. )J,e6Jbl1Ha 311AOBa je 25 CM. (I oneKa), a AHO je no
...:L
1:7
T '
r- -Loo r
Cm.Ka 30 - 3Hllal be peOH31:10HHX C!lna3a Oil one'(e
12 CAl. Tj . nona oneKe. 311Aajy ce y I(pe'lHOM Hnl1 npOAY)l(HOM MM Tepy, a ca yHy-
TpaWlbe CTpaHe cy ca 06WIHOM ' HcnYHOM cnojHHl(a (AepCOBal-beM).
Ha I M. oA nOBpWHHe TepeHa, OTBOP ce cY)l(aBa nOMohy
nOCTeneHor npenyWTalba peAOBa onel<e 3a 'noHel(OnHI(O caHTHMel'apa TaKO ,!\a ce
npaBoyrnl1 npecel( npH Bpxy peAyUHpa y I{BaApaTHH ca cTpaHHuOM OA 60 CM.
4 KyliHa KaHaJI lI3al\Hja
49
,lJ,0 peBM3MOHora neJla nona3M ce nelbanMua. OHe MOry 6MTM"
rOTOBe on nHBeHor ami ce 06M'IHO npase Ha mlUY on OKPY-
rnor 6eTOHCI(Or rBO)l(lja npe4Hlwa 20 M"\. WMpMHa nelbanMUa ]e 30 CM. TaKO
na panHI1K Y H3BeCHOM MOMeHTY MO)!(e na CTaHe Ha IbY Ca nBe Hore. \1360-
4HHa H3BaH 3Hna je 15 CM., IllTO onroBapa npM6nM)!(HO nonOBMHM BeJlM"4MHe
Cn. 31 - n ClbanHl\e 3a CHJla3e 0/\ KOBHor
40se'lf1jer cTonana, H Y TOMe je nono)!(ajy lIajcHrYPIIHjH CTaS KOjll
ce nelbe 11JJ11 cnYIllTa. npH Malboj H360'lHUM Morno 6H CTonano npM
na HCKnH3He, a npH Bel10j lIanpOTI1B Morno 6H CTonano na ce
"*\.,'--__ "40
1
.....
Cmtl'a 32
n elbanll ue Tpeoa Y TOI<Y 3l1ilal-ba npJ! 'leMY Y3MnaHH KpaK
Mopa Olinl HajMalbe 20 CM. IlI'liln en. 31 H cn. 32 - nel'baJJlolue
rao)!(lja. BI1CflHCKH pa3Ma1< H3Mel)y nojeilMHHx r.elbanHua H3HOCII OKO 30-35 CM.
KOil CIIJla3a Behe nyoHHe Mory ce nOCTa9JbaTIl nelbamlue Ha UH1(- l:\aK,
nOIllTO Ce Y TOM nOJlO)Ka]y C,\\aTpa ila je KpeTalbe Mal'be 3aMopHO.
KaHaJlM3aUl10Ha ue3 npOJl B3H Kp03 3HnaHI1 CHna3 nOn naTilM Hanl00M
a Ca xepMeTH4Kll 3aT30peHIIM nOKnonueM Ha pemf3HOHOM KOMan}, . no nH';
50
CHJla;3a HCnOl( KepaMH'lKe Ue3H pa3aCrpe ce cJloj neCKa, TaKO Aa ce ueB He
OCJlalba Ha 3Hl(OBe CHJla3a -sell lJe)l{ll y CJIojy neCKa.
PeB1I3HOHH ce CHJIa3H craBJbajy CBYl(a H3Hal( peBH3HOHHX nyl<OBa,
peBHBHOHHX pa'lBH H H3HaA peBH3HOHHX npaBHX ueBH H TO Ha CBaKHX 15,M.
npasor KaHaJla H Ha H3J1a3Y KyIIHor KaHana npeMa yml'lHOM a RajAaJbe 3a
1,5-2,0 M. pa'l)'HajyllH Ol( perYJlaUHoHe JJHHHje l(0 OCOBHRe CHJJa3a.
--
Cmll(a 33 - 6e-rOIlCKH PCBII3HOIH! cllnaBH
E emOHCKli p e6113110Hli Cll Aa3U . (CJJ . 33) DBH CHJla3H HMajy npHMeHe I(Ol(
CJla6HX HJl H HacyTll x TepeHa 1-1, 3a Belle l(BOpHWHe Mpe)Ke npeKO Koje ce
Kpe11e Te)l(H KOJl CIUI ca06pahaj, Ha np.: y 60Jl HHuaMa , WKOJlaMa, KaCapHaMa
H T. CJI. ViHillle je rJlaBHa IbHXOBa npHMeHll y yJllllfHOj l<aHaJlH3auHjl1. Yl 3-
palj yjy Ce UHJlHHl(pHlfHOr npeceKa ca Bei lHlfllHoM yHyTpawlber npe'lHHKa Ol(
0,9-1,0 M. Ol( Ha6Hj eHor 6eToHa y mi polfHTHM I<i!JlymIMa.
6 eTOHCI( H CHJl a3H ce cTaBJbajy Ha npaBoj mllHljH KaHaJla Ha CBalUIX
40-50 M. pacToj alba H Ma CBHMa npeJlOMHMa H MeCHIMa rl(e ce CHillY ABa
11m! BHwe KaHaJla .
JJ:e6JbHHa BHl(a je 10-25 CM. a l(HO I1Ma Ae6Jbl1HY KOJlHI( H je npellHHK
ueBH Koj a l(OJla3H l(0 CHJla3a nJlYc 8 CM. C roplbe CTpaHe a Hil 0,80-1 M.
4*
51
I1cnOA TepeHa OTBOP CI1na3a ce cy)l{aBa I<OHI'14HO Tal{O na ce peny-
Ul1pa Ha npe4HI1K 011. 70 YHYTpaWtba cTpaHa CI1na3a je OManTep"CaHa
ueMeHTHHM Ma,]JTepoM 11 yrna4al:la. .
IJ,eBI1 on KaHaJll13aU11je Aona3e caMO no yHyTaptbe CTpaHe 311Aa cl1na3a,
a I{P03 CaM CI1na3 omaAHa BOna npOTll
l
le OTBOPHHM l{aHanOM, 3BaHOM I( H-
He TOM, Koja ce H3BOAH y caMOMe nHy CHna3a.
npeMa TOMe 1(011. 6eTOHCKHX CHJla3a, YMeCTO rOTOBHX peBI13110HHX AeJlOBa
(nyl{OBa, pa4BH 11 npaBHX peBH3Hja), H3paljyjy ce n'OMO!;y J<HHeTa CBa no-
Tpe6Ha CKpeTatba l{aHana H ynHBal'ba ABa 1'1 BI'1We KaHana y jenaH rnaBHH.
,D.HO CHna3a je H3BeneHO y 6narOM Harl16y 011. 2% I{a I{HHeTI'1, a caH npeJla3H
Mopajy 6HTll 3a06JbelHi.
CJ1Hl<a 34 - KUHCTC
Ha cn. 34 npHKa3aHo je HeKonHKO Ca KHHeTOM. Vl3 CnHKe
ce BHnH Aa KOA 6eToHcJ<HX CHJla3a nocTojH MHoro BHwe MoryHHocTH cl{pe-
Tatba l{aHaJla H Meljyc06Hor YJlHBatba, Hero I{on 31'1AaHHX CI1na3a ca orpa-
HH4eHI1M 6pojeM <jlacoHCI<HX AenoBa.
OBO np0l13Hna3H H3 CaMe npHpOAe CTBapH. 6eTOHClui ce cHna311 yno-
Tpe6Jbaaajy J<on BeJJHI<HX nBOpl1WHHX Mpe)l{a 11 y ynl14Hoj l{aHaJll13aUHjl1, a
nOWTO ce KaHanl1 nOJla)I(Y KaA roll. je TO Moryte no OCOBI1HI1 ynHue Hnl1 y
OCOBI1HI1 yHyTpaWtbl1X ABOPI1WHI1X nYTeBa, TO Meljyc06HO> CY4eJbaBatbe ABajy
HnH BHwe ynl1ua Hl1je yBeK Mory!;e noll. npaBHM yrnoM HJlI1 yrnoM 011. 45 ,
Be!; non Bpno npOl13BOJbHI1M 11 pa3HOJlHJ<I1M npaBUHMa H yKpWTatb!lMa.
3a TaJ<Be MHor06pojHe l(oM6l1HaUl1je TeWKO 611 ce Morno 11
06e36eAHTI1 <jJacoHCI{11 AenOBI1 3a CBal(Y MorY!;HOCT, Be!; je OBaKO Ha nl1Uy
MeCTa naKwe 113BOAJ1.TJ1 nOMO!;y ]{I1HeTa. npl1 113paAH KHHeTa Tpe6a Ta'IHO
YTBPAI1TI1 OCOBHHy KaHaJla 11 nonynpe4HHI( I{pI1BI1He.
I{an ce y jeAHoM CI1J1a3y CTHlJe Bllwe KaHana Tpe6a HaCTojaTl1 Aa 11M
ce OCOBHHe 11 yrnoBa cel{y y jeAHoj Ta4UI1, a I<HHeTa Mopa npa-
BHJlHO CneAHTI1 npaBau I1nH Kpl1BHHY CnOJbHI1X l{aHana. OBO je Ba)!(HO 3a
npaBHnHo OTI1Uatbe BOne 11 3a naKwe OAp)l{aBalhe KaHana, jep ce TaKO He
CTBapajy cnpYAOBH on Tanora Ha OHI1M MeCTI1Ma, rAe Ce nBe BOneHe cTpyje
cynapajy.
VlBl1Ue 1{I1HeTa H J(OA OWTpHX II I{OA TynHx yrnoBa Mopajy 611TH 3ao-
6JbeHe H ueMeHTOM yrnaqaHe.
flOKAQllljU 3Q CUIlQ3e. CBal{11 je CI1na3 CHa6)J.eBeH nOl{nonueM
on JlI1BeHOr rBO)!<I)a. nOJ(nonUH cy l(pY)l{Hor npeceKa ca npe
t
lHI1I{OM OTBopa
011. 60 11 70 CM. OHI1 ce cacToje ABa AeJla: H3 paMa - OKBI1pa H on
nOI{JIonua - nn04C. PaM ce y3HI)Yle Hall. CHna30M TaKO na My je roptba
HBI1Ua y HI1BOY TepeHa.
52
Y norJleAY ja\IIIHe II Te)!(lIl1e 113pal)yjy Ce y Tpll BpCTe: JI a K If n 0-
I, JI 0 nUll OIl 30 I(r., C peA Ib C T e )l( II II e 60 I(r. H l' e WI( II n 0-
I, JI 0 n l\1I OA 90 Kr. (eJl. 35).
Jl a K 11 ce nOI( JlonUH CTaBJb3jy npel(O 311AaHHX CIIJla3a OA onel, e II TO
al( O cy CIIJla311 rpal)eHII y ABOPIIWTY, Y TpaBl-baUIIM3 II yonwTe TaMO rAe cy
1I3J10>I(eHII Jlal{OM neWa'lKOM ca06pal1ajy . IbHXOB je nOI{Jlonau y BH,[Iy
0611\lHe paBHe nJlo'le Ae6Jblllle OKO 8 MM. rOptba My je nOBpWllHa 1136pa3-
AaHa npoTI1By KJl113al-ba 311MII, a y cpeIlIIIHl liMa YIly6Jbel-be y KOMe ce Ha-
Jla311 l(yKa 3a nOTe3al-be. .
nOl(JlOnUII C p e Il I-b e l' e >1( II II e CTaBJbajy ce Ha CIIJla3e y ABOPII-
lllTIIMa l(aAa cy 113J10)!(elHl JlaJ<OM I( OJlChOM caotipal1ajy. OHB ce pa3J111Hyjy
OA JlaKi'!X T11110Ba jeIlHHo y ja411HH nOKJlonlla, I( Ojll je ca AOl-be cTpaHe
noja\laH jeAHHM napoM Yllal(pCHHX pe6apa y BIIIlY HOH30Jla, Tal-O J\a Mory
113Ilp>l<aTII npeJla3 Jlal(WHX I(OJla.
A 30kg
",I ___ 60< .. ....-__ .. 1

I !--f.o---'; :
"E 'IS'S .'
CJ1lIH3 35 - nOl<nom,{1i 3a CIIJ1a3e (n3J{II, CpClltbe Te}I\ilIIC II TCWKII)
T e W K II .n II Be H II no K JI 0 II t\1I CTaBJbajy ce Ha yJlIl41111,\1 CIIJla311Ma
tpel<o KOjllX line Tellll" I I(OJlCI(l1 ca06pahaj. ]{O,[l I-bIiX je OI( BIIP Mlloro ja'lll,
a nOI( JlOnall je lI apO'lIlTO ,\13CIIB311 II oja\/ all npcTeHacTII.\1 II paAlljaJllIlIM
peoplI .\la. WynJbliHa 11 3Mell Y pe6a pa IlcnYlbaBa ce aC(llaJlToM.
YCJlen eBoje 113y3eTHe Te>Klllie ce He OI"Jl a>J;e 11 3Ball OI ( Bllpa
y Ko,\le Jle>KII, hao WTO je cJly\laj I( OA I \B3 npeTXOnlla TllI1a, Beh je nOI(Jlonau
Clla6neBeli jahO,\\ lUapKOM 0[(0 I( oje ce 06phe. Ha npyroj je CTpa1l1l Kyha
3.1 nOTe3al-be Tal, O : \a Ce .\IO)l<e y 3 nOMO), nOJlyrc 1IJ111 nlljyKa nOKpellYTII
C;mo y ycnpa Ball nOJlO)I(aj.
i{a.'l a je 1I0TpeOll0 non lltlll nOK.nonau, CI(OPO je yBeK cnoj nOKJlOnua Ca
Jle>I,IIIUTCM OI( Bllpa Ta l( O 4BpCT YCJle::l HaXBaT3He npalUlIHe, hao ,[Ia je 3aue-
.\ICIITIlpall Te ce lie .'.\a nOTerHyTII. Y TO,'I cJlY'lajy lIeTpe6a lIaCIIJlIIO nOKy-
lJ.laBaTII lIeKII ,'1 rB03..lelI 1t.'1 opyl)e,'I, jep Cy JlI1Bellll nOI(JlonUII np1IJlII\1I10 KpTII,
BC/' je :IOBO,lbIlO OKO caCTaBa no 061X\Y nOJ(Jlonlla OBJlall! y,[lapaTII IlpBelloM
;,p)I(aJbO,'1 0::1 nlljYKa, ,[101, JleM 0; \ npawlille lie Ilcnyua II OllIla je JlaKO
0, \1It, II nOKJ10nal\ ca.\10 nOTe3albe.\1 3a l(yl( Y.
15. ]{aCl(aAe
i{acI' a.'le cy olla .\leCTa y O, \BO;UIOj l( yhHOj MPC>I;!1 1-0,,\ 1,0j1lX CC BpllllI
n poMeHa lI arllGa XOP"30HT3JIIIIX IlCBII 3a 90" . ,Upynl ,'1 pC'IIIMa Iia TIl",
.\ICCTl'I .'la XOPIl30IlT3.n llll BO::l ['pc.n2311 y BepTllJ; 2!IIlll ::Ia oneT noeJle HaCTaBIl
I(a o XOPI1301ITa.11111.
53
OBO HacTyna y cnYllajeBliMa KaJ].a je BI1CI1HCKa pa3nl1Ka 113Meljy KOTe
I(ylmor KaHana 11 KOTe KaHana Benl1Ka, J].a ce He MO)!(e
caBnaJ].aTI1 A03BOJbeHI1M Har116HMa . npl1 TaKO] CI1TyaUI1]I1, Aa ce caBnaAa
BI1CI1HCKa paMHI(a , a Aa Ce y HCTO BpeMe OCTaHe y rpaHI111aMa A03BOJbeHI1X
Ham6a, Moryha Cy ABa pelllelba . .' .
nOcMaTpajMo cn. 36, Koja nptll(asyje cl1TyaUH]y npl1 KO]O] Tpe6a cno-
jWrH HajYAaJbeHl1jy Talll( Y KyhHor l(aHana (I) KOTI1:+- 100,00 ca ynl1l1HHM
l(aHanOM y TallUI1 (2) Ha I<OTI1 + 95,00, .KaAa ]e paCTOjalbe 113Meljy Te ABe
Talll(e 40,00 M.
npe CBera Tpe6a oApeJ].HTI1 1(0nHKa je BI1CI1HCI(a paMI1Ka 113Meljy Te
ABe Taql(e 11 na nl1 ce MO)!(e caBnanaTl1 n03BOJbeHHM Har1160M.
'---------4O.o ...
CJJlllm 36 - n ojaM l(aCl(aAe
Y HallleM <;nyllajy BHCHHCl(a je pa3nHI(a 100,0 - 95,0 = 5,0 M. Ha
pacTojalbY -OA 40,0 M. lIlTO 3Ualll1' na uanl6 113t10CI'1 12,5 jep 31(0 je 3a 40,0 M.
100 x 5
BHCI1HCl(a pa3nHKa 5,0 M. Ha 100,0 M. 6Hl1e --- = 12,5 M. Onl-IOCHO
- 40
12,5%, a TO je 113BaH n03BOJbeHOr Mal,CI1Mamwr uanl6a .
n OUITO je BI1CHHCl(a pa3nl11(a 1-13,\\eljy Tallal(a (1) H (2) HCyBl1l1le Bemll(a
.ua ce He Mory cnojl1TII y rpaHl1uaMa J].03BOJbeHI1X HarH6a, OHna 6>1 olina
Moryha nBa pelllelba: je)),Ho 6H pelllelbe 6Hno y TOMe lIlTO 611 Ce ueB H3 Ta41(e
,( I ) npo))' y)KHna BepTHI(anHO AO Talll(e (4) , na J].a o)),aTne l1J].e nponHcHHM
tlarH60M J].O npyre TalJl(e (2); IIpyro je pelllelbe y TOMe na ce OBO HCTO ypaAH,
ami He Ha nOlleTI(Y I<OA Taljl(e (1-4), Beh 6nH)I(e I(OA ymIBHe Talll(e (2) Ha
Ta j HalltlH, lIlTO he l(aHan Hl1H ca HajnoBOJbHIijl1M Han160M OA 3% CBe no
Taql(e (1-3), a oJ].aTne BepTI1I(anHO y Ta'II(Y (3), na oneT nOTOM npOllY)I(I1
ca HarH60M 3% J].O Talll(e (2).
,UpyrH je Ha
l
ll1H YCTBapH pelllelbe nOMohy l(aCKaJ].e H cMaTpa Ce I(ao
npaBHnlH1jl1 H paUHoHanHl1jH. npBO je pellletbe HenOBOJbHO cTora , lIlTO Tpe6a
l(OnaTH pOB y uenoj nY)I(l1HH Ha HajBehy lIy6HHY. MeljYTI1M, nOMohy )),pyror
pelllel-ba nocnl)l e Ce BenHKa YlllTena y I(OnalbY. AI(o Ha TOM OTCTO.ial-bY HMa 11 pe-
BI13HOHI1X cHna3a, OHJ].a nocKynJbyje 11 1-b11XOBO 3l1Aat-be 110 HenOTpe6HHX J].y6HHa.
C 06311pOM J].a ymil1HH KaHan no npOl1l1CHMa He MOIKe 61Hi'! ny-
o.u 3,5 M. TO 611 OBal<O l\Y601 0 Konalbe y 3rpall11 Hnll IIBopHlIlTy
npeTCTaBJbanO BenHKY onaCHOCT Oil cneralba H nyualba 3HJ].OBa
H yrpO)l(aBanO 611 H caMy cTa6HnHocT 3rpane.
,UaKne npliMeHa l(aCI(ane y I yhHOj l(aHam13aUlljH je 0)), B1'llIlecTpYKe
I<OPHCTH. nOMohy l(aCl(aAe ce npe CBera Mory l<opHcnlnl HajnoBOJbHHjl1 Ha-
rH611 lleBtl 11 npl1 BenHI( HM BHCI1HCKI1M pa3nHl{aMa, a npyro caMO nonaralbe
UeBI1 nOCTI1)1(e ce y3 Malbe TpOlllI(OBe, a y 3 Behy CI1rYPHOCT no 3rpany H
y3 BenHKY YlllTelly y KonalbY.
54
nOlllTO ce ca KaCKa);l3Ma BPllll! npOMeHa Ham6a lIeBH Tj. BplllH ce npe-
110M y KaHa.llY, TO je nOl'pe6HO nOCTaBHTH OAroBapajylie peBH3HOHe Ae.llOBe
iPaAH KOHTpO.lle THX MeCTa H peBHSHOHH CH.IIa3 3a npHCTyn AO THX MeCTa.
KpHTH'IHa 'cy MeCTa Ha KaCKaj\H rOPIbH H AOIbH npenOM Roja Mopajy
{jHTH cHa6AeBeHa peBH3HOHHM AenOBHMa. npeMa TOMe Aa .IIH ce f(aCKaAa
Hana3H y SHAaHOM HnH y cHna3y OA 6eToHa, pa3.11H1<yjeMo ABa Ha'lHRa y
1I13Bo1jelb y KacKaAe.
K 0 A C Hn a 'S a 0 A 0 n e I< e, a y roplbeM Aeny rAe nO'lHlbe KacKalla,
CTaBlba ce jeAaH HapO'lliTH peBH3110HH J<OMaJ.\, J<OjH ce Ha311Ba "K a C 1< a A H K
peBH3HOHI1 .IIyr<" oil 90, BHAH cn . 11.
CnllKa 37 - /{aCJ<al\a y I\Ol-beM
cHna3Y
Cm1Ka:38 - /{aCKaI\a y 6eToHcKoM
cHna3Y
Pa3.11I1J<a H3Meljy OBor BepTHKanHor nyKa 11 OCTamlX ne)!(ei'mx nYI<OBa
Je y TOMe, IllTO ce I<OA OBor .IIyl<a nOI<nOJlaU Hana3H Ha CaMOM npenoMy C
Topibe CTpaHe, Tal<O Aa ce nal{O MO)Ke 1(0HTpOnHCaTI1 11.1111 npO'lHCTHTI1 KaHan
H y XOpH30HTamioM 11 y BepTHl<a.llHOM npaBuy.
Ha AHy CH.IIa3a CTaBlba Ce 06H'l aH .IIyK OA 90, a Aalbe y npoIlY)I<eIbY
peBH3HoHa npaBa ueB, nOMohy Koje Ce KOHTpOJlHllle AOI-bH npenoM l<acl(aAe.
nOIllTO ce l<aCKaj\a npeABHlja Ha rpaHH'IHoj "faYUH l<yhHor FaHaJla, TO je H
55
Clina3 y J{OAIe je KaCI(aAa CMeWTeHa, y CTBapli Clina3 06aBe3aH
npeMa Ha 1,5-2,0 M. OA perynaUMOHe nMHM]e.
Y KaCI{aAaMa KOA 3MAaHI1X CMna3a, KaHanCKa BOAa npOTM'le xepMe,.
TH'lKM 3aTBOpeHa J{ P03 ueBH Te 9fJ1a3 oCTaje YBeK 'lMCT H CYB. BMAM Cn . 37. '
J{ 0 A 6 e T 0 H C K H X C M n a 3 a KaCKaAa HMje nomYHO 3aTBopeHa, Beli
ce BOAa 1i3 ropJ-ber Bliwer l{aHana MsnMBa cn060AHo Ha AHO clinasa M AaIbe
Te'le I<P03 y KaHaJ1l13aUMjy, BMAIi Cn . 38. 360r cn060AHor M3nKBalf>a
H pacnpCI{aBalf>a BOAe, 3liAOBH M AHO CHna3a Mopajy 6MTI1 paAM 60Iber OAP-
)I{aBalf>a yrna'laHH ManTepoM. npeMa TOMe OBM CMJla3K mlcy
CyBM Kao 311AaHH Beli ce KBace.
PaAI1 upaBlinHlijer H paBHoMepHHjer npOTMual-ba BOAe M Aa paAHHK npH
CMna)l<elf>Y He 611 6110 3anIbycHYT 1i 3nMBOM M3 BlIwer J<aHana, Tpe6a y rOplf>eM
AMy KaHana CTaBIHIi nyl< M npenMB BOAMTM ueBMMa Ha HM)I<e CBe ,Il0 30 CM.
M3HaA AHa M TeK OHAa nYCTIiTM BOAy ,Ila ce Cn060,llHO MsnHBa. .
nOWTO ce 6eTOHCI{M CI1J1a3M Hana3e y ABOpMllIHMM M ynM'lHlIM Mpe)l<aMa
Te nOnO)Kaj H MeCTO KaCl(aAe HMje BMwe MCI(IbY'lMBO Ha rpaHMUM l<a Hana
Kao KOA 3liAaHliX KyftHMX CMna3a, Bell OHa MO)!{e ,Il0ftM Ha J)33HMM MeCTMMa
Mpe)Ke, WTO 3aBMCii Ot(; J{OHqJHrypauMje TepeHa, 0)1. Ham6a yJ}Mue M OA BM-
pa3nliKe nojeJJ,MmlX KaHana , KOjM Ce YBO,lle y CMna3 .
.D,pymM pe'lMMa y je)1.aH 6eTOHCKii CMna3 Mory ce H3BeCTM KaCKaAe OA
Bliwe KaHana Ha _pa3mm I{ OTaMa M no)1. pa3HMM yrnoBl1Ma 'lMje ce CaAp)l(J1Htl::
nOTOM cn060AHO M3nMBajy Ha AHO Ii OTIi'ly )1.aIbe. OBO npeTCTaBIba Haj eelie
npeliMyliCTBo 6eTOHCKliX CMnasa.
16. npHKIbY'laK rnaBHor KyftHOr KaHana Ha ynH'lHH KaHan
Y rpaAOBHMa r Ae nocTojM ynllllHa J<aHanM3aUMja 06aBe3HO je Aa Ctl::
CBaKo rpaAlinHWTe ca M3rpaljeHMM o6jeJ<TOM ,cnojH ca CBOjliM KaHaJlOM 3a
yn-H'lHIi - j aBHIi KaHan. 3a Mafua

rpa,lllinlilliTa ca ieAHMM Ij>POHTOM,

)1.0BOIbHa j e je)1.Ha Be3a, a 3a rpa-
01.. AMlli1WTa ca AY)!{I1M (PpOIJTOM Mnli
)'1\. K. 3a OHa Koja ce Hana3e Ha yrn}'"
- ABejy ynHua cy onaCaHa ca
CBIiX CTpaHa YJ1l1uaMa, Mory cee
MMaTH ABa H Bliwe npMKIbY'laKa.
( 0 Be3a H3Meljy l{yli Hor H ynM-
---+ ul'lL--_,,__ , .L-_-'--') 'lHOr KaHana Mopa 6HTM nOA npa-
BHM yrnoM OA 90. OBaj nponliC"
MMa npal<THllaH 3Hallaj, j ep ce y
Y cny'lajy nOTpe6e onpaBI<M HnH
V
JJ,pyrHx HeKIiX paAoBa Ha ynMuli ,.
'-,.,,,,.,,===,J.Y,,.,,,,,, 3Ha Ta'IHO nonO)I<a]' KaHana.

. . / ynli'lHOr KaHana OAHO(lHO,3aBHCI1
/ / / / OA BpCTe MaTeplijana 0)1. I<ora jee
1i3palj efl.
npli TOMe pa3nli KyieMo TpM
cny'laja:
flp6U CAY'lOj je npMKa3aH Ha Cn. 39. Y OBOM je cnylJajy ynHllHIi J<aHan OAl
J{aMeHaCTe - KepaMlilJKe ue. BH. Y C8I1Ma ynliuaMaca OBaKBIiM I{a'
56
HanOM Hall,ne)l(He BnaCTH jow npH lberOBOM nonaralby y6auyjy 3a
CBaJ<O HMalbe, a y rpaHHuaMa Jt.HXOBHX <ppOH'rOBa, no jeAHY HnH B11We n p H-
K Jb Y lJ H H X P a lJ B H. Ha Taj HalJHH nOnO)Kaj Be3e YHanpeA je l'alJHO
npeMa nOAaUHMa y BHAY jeAHor nHcaHor npOTOKona, HOjH ce AOfiMja OA nOl<'ammx
BnaCTH. Y nOAaUHMa je 03HalJeHO oAcTojaJt.e npHI<JbYlJHe palJBe
oA 6nl1)1(e MBHue rpaAHnHWTa na AO OCOBHHe KaHana; 3aTHM je 03HalJeHa KOTa
IlHa ynHlJHOr KaHana, BenH<lHHa lberOBOr npelJHHHa M HarMfi OTHualba.
' YA.K.
YAK
..

-
1
x
;-
.",'


,
/
K-!Z //;
Clll1Ka 40 - nplII(JbY4aK Ha 6eToHcKH l(aHall
Oil nonO)l(aja ynHlJHe npHI<JbYlJHe palJBe 3aBHCM M ueno pewetbe l<aHa-
nH3aUHOHe Mpe)l(e jellHe rpaljeBHHe. npHI<JbYlJHa je palJBa OA 90 H TO lIYlJHOr
ofimll<a, Kal(O 6M ce l<yhHH OABOIl WTO npaBHnHHje CmlO y ynJ1tIHM TOI< I<a-
HanM3auHje. OrpaHaK palJBe 1<0jMM npHMa l<ytHIM HaHan OI(peHYT je HaBHwe
3a 30-45, TaKO Ila je yna3}HI OTBOP H3Hail HopMamlOr npOTOl<a ynHlJHe Ha-
HanH3aUHje Te npHI<JbYlJal< HHje nOTOnJbeH HnH nOA ycnopoM.
J(pyzu cllY'laj je npIWp3aH Ha cn. 40. To je cnYlJaj HaA je ymNHl1
KaHan H3paijeH OA fieTOHa. Hallne)l(He rpaij eBHHCI<e BnaC'fH npH H3pa)J.H OBHX
KaHa:na lie OCTaBJbajy YBeK 11 YHanpell TalJHO ofiene)l(eHa MecTa npHHJbYlJal<a,
Beh cy y npOTOI<ony naTH CaMO nonauH 0 AHMeil3]'ljH l<aHana, HOTH AHa H!-
liana 11 Hamfiy, a nojeAHHa Ge rpaAHnHWTa noclIe Be3yjy npeMa nOTpefil1 H
nonO)l(pjy rnaBAor KyflHor l(aHana.
YnHBHH OTBOP 3a maBHY l<yhHy ueB He CMe 6wn1 HH)I(H OA 30 CAL
M3HM AHa ynHlJHOr l<aHana a H3 HCTI1X pa3nora HanpeA HaBelleHHx. Ha no-
57
"'pe6HOM MeCTY Ha KaHany OTBOP 3a .se3Y Tpe6a na>KJbMBO np0611TI1 OWTpOM
.anaTl(OM 11 yByliH KytiHY ueB, a cno) A06po 3aTBopHTH.
JOUl 60Jbl1 je 11 McnpaBHHjl1 nOCao , aKO ce 11 3a 6eTOHcKe KaHane Ta4HO
YHanpeA OApeAe MeCTa 6YAyTIHX npHI(JbY4al{a, '"ao 11 KOA l<epaMI14KI1X Ka-
:Hana, Pa3nHKa je y TonHHO UlTO ce y 6eTOHCKOM l<aHany yrpaAM Y TOKY
-------,
,
,
\
\ .
\
I
I
I
I
I
I
Jo-
o ~ J
;
~
U

YA.K
(
"m0
Cnlll(a 42 - npIfIObY'IaI( Y ynH4HH c" nas
'paAa j eAaH KOMaA l(epaMHl' ''e ueBH Ca HarnaBKOM oKpeHyTI1M y nOJbe H nOA
yrnoM OA 30 AO 45 , Y KOjH ce '(OMaA AOUHHje YBna4H l(yTIHa l ~ e B '(ao H
I(OA KepaMI14KI1X paQBH cn. 41. 1{0A CTpMI1X ynl1ua 06paTI1TI1 na)l(}bY Aa ce
Be3a H3BeAe HI13BOAHO.
Tpenu cAy'laj je npl-fI(a3aH Ha C'nHUI1' 42. To je cny,iaj KaA Ce y rpa-
HHuaMa UlHpHHe <l>poHTa HeKor rpaAl1nHlUTa Bana311 ynl1lllil1 peBH3HOHI1 Cl1na3.
OHAa ce l( yTIHI1 KaHan YBOAI1 nOA npaBI1M yrnoM AHpeKTHO y Cflna3. DBO
Ce H330AI1 Ha HCTH Ha411H Kao UlTO je TO onHcaHO 3a H3BOljel-be KaCI(aAa y
6eTOHcKHM CHna3HMa. ,
58
17. I1pOBeTpaB.albe l(aHaJlH3al\HOHe Y J<YI;H
aJ Onwmu oeo
Ueo 110 BOil IHI CMCTeM y I{ytm Mopa 6wrM 1l06po npOBeTpeH. npOBeTpa-
Balbe je Hy)l(HO M3 IlBa pa3nora . n p B M j epa 3 n 0 r nOT p e Ii a, Il ace
M3 ](yhHe Mpe)l(e OTCTpaHe raCOBM KOjM ce pa 3B Mjajy
l(aO npBM rrpOIlY I(TM pa3naralba opraHCIOIX MaTepMja
y <jJel{anHMM BOllaMa .
.u p y r H j epa 3 nor nOT p e 6 a Il aCe B a 3 Il Y W H M n p H T H-
<:.al{ y Mpe)l(M Ollp)l(aBa yjellHalfeH, 360r
'I e C Ten 0 jaB e H e eTa 6 M n HOC T H n p M T M C I{ aye n e A HaM 3 M e-
H 'I H 0 r p a 3 p e Q MBa Ib a M n 11 C a 6 M j a Ib a B a 31l y X a.
K aHanc:, M cy r aCOBM y CBaHOM nornellY HenOBOJbHM, WTeTHH M Ono.CHl1
no lJOBel<a. MeQy fbMMa HMa OTPOBHMX, I(ao WTO je yrJbeHIlHOI(CMIl CO
2
; jaho
cMPIlJbH<JHX l(aO - WTO je cYMnopBOIlOHHI( H
2
S M ynaJbHBioIx l(aO W'TO je MeTaH
CHo
l
'
npel\la n"a6opaTOp11CKHM no,naUHMa O.!l 1 11. KaTlanCKe BOAe I<oja y ce6H canp>I(H 2 rp.
opraHcKHx M3Tepllja p a3BHjahc CC 0 1(0 20 CM.
3
PaCQna y j CJ].HOM ll3CY 3a BpeMc O)l. 9 He-
..n.eJba .
MeljyTHM, y KaJ-I 3.Jl CI( Oj Mpe)KH KOJlHlJHHa r ucOBa 6Hhe 1l0CTa
!lno 3aBHCI1 Oil CJle/iCIHIX (paHTopa: 0 Il C Ten e H a )i; T I( 0-
-GTI'I Oil TeMnepaType OTnallHe BOlle, Oil 6p3101-
Hen pOT H 1.\ a l-b a H Be H T 101 n a 1.\ 101 j e \ \( a 'H a na.
J aCHO j e Ila he Oil Belie HnH Oil Mafbe ]{ 0 H 1.\ e T p a 1.\ 101 j e cjJ e I( a n 101 j a
y OIlBOIlIHIM BOAaMa H Behl1 MnH MafbH 06101M pa3Bl1j alba raCOBa .
1l)l11<amtja BOIlOM HHje HHI(all TOnHI(O 1l030JbHO, Ila ce OHe
Ollp)!(e y a e 0 p Q Ii HOM C T a fb y, aeh OHe YBel( lleJlOM npe-
n a3e y Hen030JbH11je, a H a e p 0 6 HOC T a fb e, npaheHO pa33Hjal-beM EeJl HI(e
I<OJlI1'IHHe CMPIlJbIHHX raC03a .
YI(OJlHI(O je Behe paspelj el-be C3en(OM BOIlOM, .YTomll<o he y KaHaJl -
-Gl(oj BOIlH 61HH BHwe pacTBopeHor I<HCeOHl1l<a, 1<0jH je nOTpe6aH TpOWI1 ce
Ha OKCHllal.\Hjy opraHCI( HX cacTojal{a y fbHMa.
OTnaAHHX BOAa YTH'le Ha )(OJ1l1lJHHY r aCOBa Ha Taj, Ha'IHH
WTO ce ca nOBetiafbeM y6psaBajy np0l.\eCH pa3J1arafba YCJleA
)1(1oI3Jber pil3MHO)I(aSafba 6al( TepHja.
5p3HHa OTHl.\afba H npaSHJl HOCT cnHpafba KaHana yTHlly Ha pa3BHj aFbe
KaHaJlCI( MX raCOBa, jep YI<OJlHI( O Kpal1e BpeMeHa Tpaje OTHl.\afbe H YI(OJlHKO
je l( aHaJl lJI1CTHjl1 6es CTaJlO)I(eHI1X M 3aJlenJbelHiX opraHCKHX lfeCTMl.\a, yTO-
JlI1I( O he ce Mafba I(OJlI14I1Ha raCOBa pa3B11TI1.
nOMol1y npaBI1J1He 11 ellJloJl(aCHe BeHTHJlal.\Mje 110CTI1)l(e ce 6p30 H cHrypHo
oA30lj elbe r aCOBa 6e3 3acToja H HarOMI1J1aBaJ-ba. Tal(o HCTO 1T0Mohy npa3MJlHe
aa31lyxa y. l( aH aJ1l1Ma , qJa SOpl13Hpajy ce yCJlOBH 3a pa330j 11 pall
aep06HMX IUIHl.\a ca fbMXOBI'IM OI(CHAaI.\MOHHM AejcTBoM, (y TalJ. 34) H Ha pa"YH
pa3Boja aHaep06HI1X I(JlMl.\a I(oje H3a3118ajy TpyJbHSe 11 cMpaAHe npol.\ece, Tj .
cnoc06Hocni aep06a, Aa 6p30 1'1 6es cMpaAHM:X raGOBa MHHepaJll13yjy opraHcKY
MaTepHjy. '
Y I(OnMK0 BHwe KaHanCI(a BOAa AOJla311 y AOAHP ca I{l1ce-
OHMI(OM 113 Ba3Ayxa, y TOJ1lll(O he ra y 8ehoj MepH paCTBapal'H. TMMe he
3araljeHa l( aHaJlCl{a BOAa 611BaTM Aa ce caMa 'Il1Cnl Tj. 611he 110-
rOAHl1ja 3a ayronypl1cjJlofl{al.\l1jy.
5 J1M)I(e 06jawfbefbe OBe nojalJe SHAH y AaJbeM 113J1arafbY.
59
AKO O:3a Ona)Kalba CraS)1MO I-W npJI, rv.'lHy OCHOSY nona3HMO no 3a-
KJby'lI(a, na y UHJby CMal-belba pa33wjalba lllK(:)nJbH3HX racosa y l(yl'il-IOj
Mpe)l( W, rpe6a rrpeny3erw cnenehe Mepe cwrypHocTH.
1. <PeKalluje pa36J1aJlcu6amu 6000Af U cnupamu ca Ulnw 6efioAf KOllU'IUflOJl{.
'lUcme 600e, KaKO 6u ce Ulmo 0YJlce oiJpJ1ca6alle Y C6eJICeAf flempYlbu80Af cmalbY.
2. no Awzyficm6Y paCXllaljU8amu 8uUle ynompe6lbeHy 600y U3 Kaoa,
cyoonepa, IlpaOflUKa U CllU'IflUX ype1Jaja y KOjUAfG ce 3aX8ama 6pella 600a.
3. Kaflallu3aqujy' IlpojeKm08amu maKO oa ce Ulmo KpafiuAf u 6pJlCUAf
nyme.M omcmpafle omllaiJfI 600e U3 KyfiHe AfpeJIU, 'lUAU fie ce cMalbumu 06UM
U mpajalbe mpYlbU6UX npoqeca U pa36ujG1be KaHallcKUX zaC08a.
4. npeiJ8uoenlll y npojeKmy CHaJlcHY 6eHmullaqujy Ha maj Ha'lUH Ulm(}'
fi e ce C6e 6epmufCalle a 110 llompe6u U Xopu30HmallHLl ozpaHqu np08empa6amu
maKo, oa He 6yoe HuziJe y A!peJlcu Mpm6ux Yell08a, zoe 6u C6 zaC08U 3aop:m:a6allu .
Anw OHO UITO je Hajaa}!{HHje y npo6neMY KaHanCI(HX TaC03a, TO je,
OCHrypal-be npOTH3 IbHX030r nponwpalba y npocropHje 3rpane, nocToje n" a
KPI1T11'lHa MeCTa y wHcTanauwjw rne 030 MO}!{e na HacTynw, a TO cy :
C a H. ue 3 w H C3 H I(pajeaH orpaHaKa KyhHe.
M p e )I( e H a K 0 j W ..... I a C y M 0 H T 'H P a H W P a 3 H W C a H H Tap 'H H 0-
6jeI( T H 11 ypeljajl1.
,lJ,a ce 0:30 06e36enw nOTpe6HO je )(a C311 caCTasw 6y)( y nponHCHO H ca-
3anTW3eHw, a C3al(H camlTapHW 06jel(aT cHa6)(e3eH 3anTWSa'leM npo-
TWSy raC?3a WS 0)(30)(He ue3H I<p03 rrpHjeMHHI< y npocTopHjy.
6) XuiJpayllu'IHLl 3am6apa'lU IlPOl7lU8Y zacoea - CUifiOHU
Ha MeCTO cTa6wnHwx W I(PYTWX py'lHHX 3arsapa'I a Kao lllTO cy
neH'rHnH W cnaaWHe y C3WMa OCTaml M HHcTan auHj aMa y I(yhw, y I<aHanH3a-
UHjW j e 3aTsapa'l npoTHsy l(aHanCI<HX racona HanpoTHa na6HnaH H nOKpe-
TJbWS. OH CI( OPO ayroMaTcl<W no-
SOlleHor cTy6a - 'lena, l<oj H Ha nOrO)(aH
Ha'IWH wcnYlbasa OTSOP Wcno)( H3nH3Hor rpna
Hel<Or caHwTapHor 06jel(Ta, Te 3aT3apa npOJl 2.3.
r aC03MMa . -
OTYlla ce 3aT3apa'lW M Ha3M3ajy
XH )( p a ynH'IIU! HnH S O)(eHW
Ha cn. 43 npl1Ka3aH je Haj0611tlHwjM Twn
y SH)(Y ca,mjeHe UeaM, y 'H1jeM Ce nosHjeHoM
Jl:eny C3e AD npemlSB Hana311 CTy6 BOlle 1<0jH
CJJHl(il 43 - 06HQall CIHjJOH Cnpe'l aBa na raCOBI1 npoljy I(P03 ofijel(aT y npo-
CTOPWjy. BHCMHa BO)(eH.or cTy6a y CI1q)OHY He
CMe 6HTH MaH>a 0)( 5 eM. HWrw Beha OA 10 CM., pa'lyHajyhL1 BMCMHY O.ll
yHyTpallllber rrpeBoj a y CH(POHY no Ta'U(e npen MBa.
Mal-bH cnoj BOne on 5 CM. He 6w 6110 y se" nOBOJbaH H cHrypaH 3aTBa-
pall, jep 611 ce Morao n al( O Hcnpa3HwTw.
,lJ,y6Jbw cnoj Oil 10 CM. r y lllilo 6H H 6p30 rrpa)l(l-bel-be npHj eMHMI(a.
a OCHM Tora CHq)OH j e HHa'l e HelfHCTO Mec-ro rne ce 3anpl l(aBa Tanor H Ha 31'1-
nOBe XBaTa Jll aCT, Te 61'1 nOBehalbeM BHCMHe caMO YBehaJll1 H nOMeHYTe He3rOne.
3 a BpeMe ynol' pe6e npH60pa , BOAa npol'l1l.! y4m J(p03 CMq)OH Y onBonHY
UeB, nOTHCl<yj e BOneHH 'l en y l-beMY H Ha cBpllleTI(Y H3nHBatba y C,I(POHY
3aCTafTe CBell(K cnoj BOne W nOHOBa 06pa3yje BOneHI1 3aTBapa'l - 'len. H a
-raj Ha4HH CM(j>OH (j>YHI( UWOHHlll e aYTOMaTCKM caM on ce6e, 6e3 ynen a OHor
" oj I'! ynoTpe6JbaBa caHHTapHH 06j el(T. Y OBOMe j e HajBeh a npenHocT
60
ynl1'1HI1X 3aTBapa'la, jep 611 CBaI(11 Ilpym Ha'lI1H 6110 TeXHI1'IK11 KOMnnI1I(O-
BaHl1jl1 a xl1rHjel-lclO1 HecaBpweH.
Y nOBl1jelioM Ileny CI1<poHa 3acTajy npJbaBWTHHe Oil ynoTpe6JbeHe BOlle,
X3aTa ce MaCT, Te ra Tpe6a '1e!1lhe O'IHCTI1TH. 3aTO npl1 IlHy CHQ)OHa nocTojH
'OTBOP KOjl1 ce 3aTBapa 3aBpnbeM, I(P03 KOjH ce MO)l<e I1cnpa3HHTH
-CaIlP)l<aj c"npOHa H H3BPWATH l-berOBO npO'II1WhaBalbe. nOWTO ce 1l06po Hcnepe
BOIlOAl ca 1l0IlaTl(OM pa3HI1X cpellCTaBa 3a '1Hwhefbe, HanHje ce nOHOBa CBe-
)I(OM J(onH'IHHOM BOlle .
CBaJ(H CH(jJO.H Tpe6a CTamiO Ollp)l<aBaTI1 y '1HCTOhH Tj. He 1l03BonHTH Ila
ce y lbeAlY BOlla YCTOjH H yKBapH, Te Ila nOCTaHe 113BOP He'lI1CTol'ie H 3ara-
ryetba, Ben je nOTpe6HO BOilY 06HaBJbaTH norOTOBY y OHHM caHHTapHI1M npH-
60pHMa !(OjH ce pelje ynoTpe6JbaBajy. .
HapO'lI1TO y neTfbe BpeMe , Kalla je I1cnapelbe Bel'ie, npenopY'lyje ce
WTO 'Iewl'ie 06HaBJbalbe BOlle y CH<jJOHY, jep ce y npOTI1BHOM MO)l<e AeCHTH
Aa BOAa HCnapl1 11 Ila joj HHBO onaAHe I1cnOIl Ta'lKe yHyTpawlber npeBoja Te
Aa TaKO ocn060AI1 npona3 raCOBHMa y npocTopHje.
Ha np. y llll<011aMa, KacapHaMa II 3rpaAaMa Y KojIma ce H3BecHO npeMe npeKO
11CTa ue cT3Hyje, Ao6po j e uaJ1l!TI1 npeKO. nOAe Y CHI/IOHY Ma1111 C110j neTp011eYMa- ua-
l/lTe H1111 Koje Te)J<e Hcnapanajy, a y IICTO BpeMe. Aa ce Ha TIIM Me-
CTIIMa 11ery 11apBe KOMapalla.
CH<jJOH Tpe6a 3aWTHTH OA 3aMp3aBafba. 3aTO CBH npOCTOpl1, y l(ojHMa cy
'CMeWTeHI1 CaHI1TapHH 06jeJ(TH, Tpe6a Ila I1Majy ABOCTPYKO 3aCTaKJbeHe np030pe.
8) cf>eHOAleHU 8a3aYUlHOZ npumUCKa Y KyllHOAI Oa80aHOAI cucmolY
OA;JOAHa Mpe)l<a Y Kyl'iH HHje CI1CTeM lleBI1 !(ojl1 je yBel( HcnYfbeH
' Te'lHowhy I(ao WTO je cny'laj Ha np. ca BOAOBOIlOM, Bel'i je HanpOTl1B CI1CTeM
I1nYfbeH llenI1MH'IHO Te'lHOwhy, a oCTany tberOBY 3anpeMI1Hy HcnYfbaBa
Ba3IlYX. na 11 OBO llenI1MH'IHO nponlllafbe BOAe Hl1je CTanHO Bel'i npOMeH-
_JbI1BO I(aKO no KOnI1'II1HH npOTOKa, TaKO H BpeMeHCI(H.
TOMe Tpe6a 1l0ilaTH '1HfbeHHllY Ila I(OnH'II1Ha npOTHllalba MO)l<e Oil CBor
Mal{CHManHor OnTepel'iefba CHCTeMa Aa onallHe 110 Te Mepe, Aa nOTnYHO 1130-
'CTaHe H na ce OIlBOIlHa Mpe)Ka HcnyHI1 caMO Ba3IlYXOM.
3Ha'll1 Aa y OIlBOAHOj Mpe)I(H CJ(OPO CTanHO nocTojH
n p 0 M e H a 0 A HOC a 11 3 Mel) y . 3 a n p eM 11 He T e 'I HOC T.H H 3 an p e-
M 11 H e B a 3 Il Y X a. JaCHO je Aa l'ie ce ycnell OBe CTanHe npOMeHe OAHoCa
AewaBaTH H OllrOBapaJyl'ie npOMeHe npHTI1CaKa y OIlBOAHOj Mpe)l<H Tj. npH-
TacaK l'ie 611TI1 'lac no 3 11 T BaH H3Hail aTMoc<jJepCKor, a 'lac Her a T 11 BaH
OIlHOCHO HcnOA anIOC<jJepCI( or npHTHCKa.
_ npeMa TOMe l'ie pa3nl1l{a H3Meljy npWfHCaI(a y H G[lOJbaWI-ber
aTAIOC<jJepCI(or npHTHCl{a 3aBI1CHTH Oil I( 0 n H 'I H Hen pOT e I( n e 0 T n a Il-
H e BOA e H 0 Il 6 P 3 H H e H T P a j a fb a n pOT H II a Ib a. OBaj Mexa-
HH'II(H ynillaj BOlleHora TOI(a Ha npOMeHJbHBOCT npHTHCal(a y OIlBQAHOM CH-
CTeMY, 113a311sa npOMeHe H y CaMOM llene l(al-lanI13allHje.
Vi3seCHa 1\0nl1'IHHa BOlle y npOTl1llafbY I1CTl1CIUlBahe HCTO Tomll(Y 1(0-
nl1'111Hy 3a3Ayxa H aKO Sa31lyx -HeMa cn060llaH H3na3, ca611jahe ce 11 npl1TfI-
cal( he y Mpe)l<H Ila nopacTe AO Te Mepe, Ila he 61'ITH y CTaIbY Ila caBnat\a
cBal(Y npenpeKy a norOTosy 30Ael-ll1 'len y CI1<jJOHy.
360z moza je nompe6Ho cma8umu Ha K)lllHOj J\!peJICl/ nompe6ml 6poj
OaYUlKU mj. mpe6a np08ecmu 4uma8 jeaaH 8eHmu/laquoHu cucmeAI Ile8L1, KOjU
,OCUAI Y/loze aa ocmpalbyje K),JICHe zaC08e Ll3 AlpeJICe, LlAtG U o8aj apyzLI 3aaa-
maK, aa Ll3pa8Ha8a pa3/1UKe Y np'UllLlCKY 8a3iJyxa y Oa80aHOj Jl/peJICU ca
C/JOMUl/bU,1I am,lwctjJepcKuAI npLiITlIICKO,II.

61
Ee3 nOTpefiIlllX oAYIUKJ.! Ha O.lUlOAHOj Mpe)KJ.! HacTynJ.!JIH 6J.! DOpeMefiajlf
y pany CJ.!<jlOHa. OHJ.! OJ.! npouyntraJIH raCOBe y npOCTopJ.!je, YMeCTO Aa HX 3a-
Ap>KaBajy. nOBeliaHH 6J.! npHTHcaK y Mpe)KH HC1:UCHYO BOAeRJ.! 'len J.!3 cH<jloHa
y nOJbe, '!. CMalbeHH npHTHcaK Tj. AeJJHMH'IHH BaKYM ca 'HCl1casajyHJ.!M JlejCTBoM,.
nOBYI<ao 6H BOAy J.!3 cH<jloHa y OABOAHY ueB nOA BeRHM aTMoc</JepclolM npHTHCKOM.
OBe ce nojaBe Ha3J.!Bajy J.! C n p a )I( if> e Ib e C H <jl 0 H a J.! TO KCnpa-
)l(lbelbe MO)l(e 6HTJ.! y o6aABa CMepa y CH<jlOHY: y nOJbe OAHOCHO W3 fj a llll-
B alb e BOAeHor 'len!!, J.! y CynpoTHoJl\ npaBuy y OABOAHy ueB Tj. J.! C J.! Ca-
B alb e. YTHuaj HaAnpMTMCKa J.! nOAnpMTMCKa' Mory ce Haj60Jbe yO'lHTH Ha
cneAeliHM onHTJ.!Ma.
OnHT ca "'eHOMeHOM acnHpaQHje - HCHcaBalbe
3a OBY enpxy Y3MC ee jeAaH CTaKJICHH nenaK (I) (en. 44), KOjll ea CTpaHe HMa jCAaH
oAoojaK Y OHAY noonjeHe CTaKJIeHe Qen4Hua. Kpaj ee UeB4\'UC yOY4C Y CTaKJle,," eYA II
e,! nOAOM na ee nenaK Ham'je BOAOM AO Bpxa, nOlliTO ee npeTxOAHo 03AO AI(o
Harno oeno!}OAHMO AOlbll OTOOP neoKa, OOAa he npoTH4yliH HaHlj)I(e, 113a30aTlI Y ue04HUH
pa3peljcH npoCTop - B3KYM, KOjll lie GHTJI OIlAlbllO Ha Taj Ha4I1H, lllTO lie ee Y nonlljeHoM
Aeny Qe0411ue 113AllliH cry6 nOAe Tj' ollne lIeHeaH.
OmiT ca !\IeHoMCHOO' KOMnpecllje - HCTIICKlIoalbe
3a onaj ce omiT Y3",e CTal(JleJla ueo Koja nMa oAoojl<e ca cIHjloHnMa 5, 5, 5. II
I<paK ca nenl<OM. BIIAII cn. 45. COli ce CIlIjJOIIII npeTxOAlio lIanYHc 00110.11. KaAa ce Y neoal<
Har.qo 113PY4H jeAHa I(OJlll4l1na BOAC, ona lie npH COOM 113n J<BY Y Qeo ca6HTII Ba3AYX y
Aeny ueBH H3Meljy 0 II 5" Te IIc IICTIICIIYTII BOAY H3 C1iljJoHa 5, Y nOlbC. MCIjYTIL" cY- '
npoTRo lie cc AeClIT1I Y Aeny ueBII "311aA oABojl<a (0) Tj. TY l'it lIaCTymiTlI acnllpaUllja-
IIcl1caBalbc cllljJona 5, yc.qeA pa3peljcHor npocropa - B31(YMa y Aeny 0 -5,.
Ha en. 46 npHKa3aH je omiT
CJlJJI(a 44
C.1'1111\345
I(OM6I1HOoaH ca BeHTIIJIHMa. BcpnlKaJla
B-B OA onOBlIC ueon I" liMa ADa XOpll-
3QHTaJIl"ra orpam<a Ha \lHjHM ce Kpaje-
911Ma Hallaae CTaI<neHH ClltflOHl-I 5
11
S21
IIcnYlbculI OOAOM a y Ib"XOOOM npoAY-
",e' bY cy ABa cYlla C, II C,. OrpaHUII
cy none3auII OAYllll"IMa 0, II 0, cua-
6AcoellllM BeHTHm'Ma II H III a lIa rnas-
HOj BCpTIII<arJH ce Hana311 DeBTIlIl I.
nplIJlHKOM Harnor IHl.TJeaalba (0-
60jeHe) BOAC y CYAOBC HacTynuhc eJlC-
lIehll IjJCHOMCIlIJ:
I . AI<o aaTDOpnMQ csa Tpn neH-
TI1Jla na Ham,jeMo BOilY Y CYII C
1
OHAa
hc BOAa npll OTllualbY 1<003 BepTHKa!lY
8-B IIC11CaTII BOilY Y CHIjJOIIY 5,.
2. V1cro TaKO al(Q H3!l l1j eMo BOilY
Y CYA C, Hacrynllhc IICHCaoalbC OOIlC Y
CIlIjJOUY
3. AI<O nacne H3JUIBaJ-ba BOlle y
cyn C
1
HarJ1Q 3a'ICflIlMQ H31t11UHII OTOOP
Hacrynllhe IIClIcaBalbC II II IIPY-
ror CliljJoHa.
4. AKO Tal<O 1l0cTynllMo II Y cY-
OnllT acnllpaulljc
(IICllcaoa'ba)
OnllT lICTIICI<IIOalb3 ny C!, Jl.ccllhe ce HCTO Tj. MCllcahe ce
CYil c"cllq'oll Hclie
oaMO OOAY
0631\Ba CIlIjJOHa.
(I<OMnpecllja)
5. AKo OTnOPIIMO BCHTlln I ua
LlIaoHoj OepTHl<aJlIl II uanlljcMo BOilY Y
611TU BeBeau, "JIll he 3aTO o liT II IIcnpIDKlbcn CIHPOH ICp03 J(ojlJ H3ml-
G. AKO npu IICTOj KO.\tOIiHaUlIju Jl3mtjc.\,O
.\I0npan'lbelbe 06a cHljJolla.
Bony Y CYA C
IJ
Hacrynllhe ACnl IMII l!IlO ca-
61
7. AKo ce OTBOPC BeHTlIJII' II II m II aKO ce npetm Ojij11ll3Ka 0, II O. AOBeJlY xopn-
30HTanHII orpaHUII' Y Beay ca rnaBHoM BepTDKaJlOM, Hacrymrne cnenehe.
1) aKO H3JlHjCMO Beky KOJllNHR}' BOAe y cyn C" TaKO Aa Ha Kpajy BepTllKaJle HCTHqe-
BOAa nyHHM npeceKOM UeBH, ooa clujlOija Ha CIICTehlY OCTane HeTaKHYTa.
0) IICTO TaKO Harno H3JlIIB3l-be BOIIC Y CYA C. Hclfe IISa3Ba/q1l npOMeHe y CI'",OHY"
B) aKO saTBopliMO C3.\'O aeliTllJI 1 npll HanllBalbY BOAe y CYAoBe, ollile IICTII peaYJlTa1"
Tj. tIr4JolI HeRe 113rYOIITH Bony.
I1s ODor ce onllTa Hajoolhe BIIAII 3Ha'laj BCHTlQlllp3l-ba MpeH<e II naBalbe oAywaKa Ha
KpllTII'UlIIM Ta'lKaMa IIHCT3JlaUllje, a TO cy CII"'OHII Ha KpajeBIIMa XOPH30HTaJlHHX OI' paHaKa.
BCHTllJlaUHja Tpeoa Aa IIspaBHaBa nplITHCKe Y MpelKH y TonHKoj MeplI, Aa ce oap AenllMIV
'11l0 OAPlKlI BOAeRII 'len y CH"'OHY Tj. lIonywTa ceo cBofjclbe BOlleHor '1cna Ha nonoBIiHY.
AKO YSMeMo HajMalby 'berOBY BIICHHY OA 5 CM. (KOII W. C.) ryOHTaK He CMe Aa oYAe-
Belm Oil 2,5 CM., OIlHOCHO BapHjaUHje y nplf'rHCKY HecMejy OIlTH Bcke Oil 25 MM- BO-
lIeHor cryoa (\ CM nOAeHor cry6a = 0,001 atm.).. .
3a n03IlTIIBHe-HallnpIlTI1-
. X.O"
,
B
Cmma 46 -l{oMoIIHoBaHH onllT
C Key 1I01bllM AenoBIiMa nepTHKana Ba>KH
IICTO npaBHno, Tj. II TaMO He CMCjy nplITHCUH
OIITII nchH OA 2,5 CM. nOlleHor cryoa npH'
Haj Belle .. IIsnHBy. Onaj MllHlIMyM BOACHO"
'1cna Oil 25 MM. nOTpc6aH jc Kao pesCpna,
sa HenpCABllfjCHC yllape y "pe)KII II soor'
ry611TaKa Oil IIcuapana",a II rYOIlTaKa 011.
l<:anHnapHOCTH.
z) TepAlU'IKU ymuqaju Ha BapH-
jal.{Hje Y npHl'HCKY Ba3nyxa Y Mpe)!{H
Mory npol13l1hl1 YCJ1en :HaI13MeliI11.1-
BOr H3.riHBalba 'laC BpeJ1e 'lac XJ1anBe
Bone, Te he ce 11 Ba3nyx y l.{eBI1Ma,.
'lac ' Ull1pI1TI1, 'l ac CI{ynJhaTI1. 3Ba'llI
na he H n H (P e.p e H l.{ H je y T e M-'
n epa T y P 11 Y T 11 l.{ aT 11 H a x 11-
npaYJ1I1'1Be 3aTBa pa'le, Tj.
Bpllll1iie nopeMeiiaj Bone y Cl1cPOHY .,
Y OBY ce nojaBY MO)KeMO yBepHTI1
lia npOCT Ha'II1H.
Y j el1HY . CTaKneHY 60uy en. 47 sa-
1.JenJbcny jC]l,HIIM H36YlUCHHM rYMcHHM 4e-
nOM npOByqehlO CTaKJ,eHY nonll j ellY UeB y BIlIlY eH"'OIIa II y e l l ~ O H HaeneMo BOilY. r AKO
oouy ooaBlljeMo pYKaMa naSIlYX ke ee y ",oj 011 sarpeBalba WllpHTIl II nplITIICl(HBaTIi lIa
DO,ny Y CH$OHY CBe nOI( je He HCTHCHe HanOJbe . AKO nOHOBHMO onHT caMO C3.ll.a CTaBIIM()
Gouy y nellCHY BOilY. HaCTynHhc ef(ynlha,bC Basllyxa, WTO he IIsasuaTIi I1cueaBalbC BOlle 1 1 ~
eHcjlQHa y oouy.
iJ) EljieKmu .apujafJuja npumucaKa .. albC CC ollproKaBajy Ha XOpH30HTanHY "pe),<y y
1i.)'lm, a Bliwe Ha BepTHf(anllY II TO: y 1I0lblllll lIenoBJI .. a BepTJ JI<anHC "pe)KC j allJballc ec
n0311THBHH - HallnplITl1eUI1 Tj. jallJba ee nOjaBa l1eTHef(HBa'ba BOIlCl-lOr ',ena y
63.
nOlbC, a Y roplbllM lle.nOBI1Ma BcpTaKanHC Mpc)f{c" jaBlbalic cc H C raT 11 B H H - nOll n P 11_
.,. " CUll, Tj. IIcacasalbC BOllCHIIX '1cnooa Y UCO. Y CPClllbHM 30HaMa BepTI1KaJlaC MPClKC
JaBlbahc CC HCI13MCHII'IHO n03HTaOHII - HaJlnp"THCUIi H HcraTIIBHH - nOllnpKTHCUH. Y no-
rnCllY Y'ICCTanOCTH nojaBa, HcraTIIBIH! npl1THCUII HMajy npeBary Hall nojaBoM n03HT\fBHHX
nplfTHcaxa.
Y ocpTlu,amioj MpClHII naK YTlluajll HeraTliDHl1X npltTaCaKa OllPalKaoajy ce Ha xo-
Pll30HTMnc orpaHKC II TO HajBllwc Y MOMCHTY KaAa BOACHII TOK Y SCpTHKanaMa nponasehtl
nopCA OTSopa 3a ynns orpaHKa. CHCa sa3AYX Y npaaHOM orpaHKY cn. 48. HCTO TaKO aKO
oCY Ha jCAnoj SCpTlII<anH scaaHa llBa XOpll30HTanHa orpaHt<a jCllaH Hcnoll Ilpyror, H3IIH-
SatbC rOPlbcr orpaHKa lIaa3Bafic saKyM Y 1l0lbCM npa3HOM cn. 49
.!J.a 611 CC OBII MPTS" xopHaoHTanHlI orpaHUII 06ea6cIlltnH 011 I1copa>KHoelha cH41oHa.
llaMeHc CC nOTpe6a nposeTpaBalha orpaHKa. To cc MO>l<c HSoeCTIl Ha Iloa lfa'lHHa:
'CnHt(a 48 - \IIcllcasalbc cHljloHa CnllKa 49 - \IIcHcaBalbc cHljloHa
n p s H j C II a 'III II lla cc CTaBH jellHa oAywKa (0) Y BpXy cmlloH cn. 48
H en. 49, II P Y r II j C H a 'III H, lla cc ollywKa CTaOH Mano llalbe Oll cHljlolla Ha
OllBOJlHOM orpalfKY 6mOHc 113nl1BHoj Ta'lUII Y BepTm<any Hcro ymlBHoj Ta'lUII HCOOll nplI-
jCMHHKa. OllylllHa CC UCO Y cnY'lajy scayjc lIa rnaBItY oepTHKany ' y IICTOM cnpaTY;
TaKO lla 06pasyjc jCllaH I(PYr.
npOl1 jc Ha'iItH AaSHO HanywTcH, jep cc nOKaaano Aa CC Ha rpnllHy oTsopa OllYWKC
UCSII 6pao HaxsaTa MaCT II nOTl1yllO ra 3a'lCnll .
.!J. p y r H j C If a 'I H If Ha cn. 50 HcnpasHHjH, C TItM lla rpno OllYWKC UCBH GYllC
ncnOll nHHHjc, Koja cnaja Ta'lI(Y IIsmma y call1rrapHoM ojCKTY II Ta'lKY ynHBa orpaHKa y
'l3CPTlII<3JIY, llpyrttM pe'IIIMa, HcnOll llcjCTsa xHllpaynH'IHor npHTHcKa. Y OllHOCY Ha CUIjlOH
OAYWIIO rpno Tpc6a lla jc H3Hall IfHBoa YHYTpawlbcr noslljYTI(a y CHIjIOHY cn. 51.
AI(O liMa SIIWC calflrraplIUX 06jeKaTa na jCAHOM orpaH](Y, Y3elic cc j CJlHa 0I\YWKa
3a rpyllHO npOSCTpasalbC. YnOTpc6a OAYWKC lfaxopH30HTanHIIM orpaHl\HMa IlI1aK .iC y
.npaKCH orpaHH'ICHa H npCMa npaBltnlUlUHMa MOll(1l' cc 3aXTCSaTiI caMO y HapO'lIITIIM cny-
qajcDlIMa II OI(ORHOCTIL"a.
npnopyqyje Ce 1136eraBal-be npyrl1x orpaHal(a 11 CMaTpa ce na He Tpe6a
na npelje lJ,y>KHHy OJ( 1,5 M. Y KOM cJlyqajy oAYllII(a MO>Ke nOTnYHo lJ,a H-
30CTaHe. )l.a 614 ce yMatbHJlO AejcTBo HCI1CaBatba, Tpe6a npOllIl1pl1TI1 LleB l<oja
.cnaja 3aTBapaq CI1<jJoHa ca BepTlll(aJlOM, !(a!(o 611 ce CMatbHJla CHara
Bal<yMa.
)l.pyrH XOpH30HTaJHIf1 orpaHUll He3rOJ(HI1 Cy 11 J(pymx pa3JIora.
MaJlI1 Mory l'13a3BaTI1 TaJlO)i(el-ba y LleBH 11 aKO ce 3anyllie Te)Ke ce
64
onryllIyjy, a onpaBJ(e 11 Baljelbe ueBH H3 KOFlCTpYKl.{Jilie, 1'I3HCI<yjy Bem1Ke
H3naTKe. BenHJ(H H3nHBH naJ( Mory H3a3BaTIiI caMoHcHcaBalbe cH!jloFla. Y
KOHCTpyl<THBHOM norneny nyrH cy orpaHUH HenOBOJbHH, jep cna6e 6eTOHCKY
KOHCTpyKUHjy HnH ce cYJ(06JbaBajy ca 1b0M.
flojaee ca,Moucucaealba
Hcnpa>Klbelbe cH!jloHa MO)!(e HacTynHTH 11 Kao lTOCnenHUa l<apaKTepH-
CTHKe caMor HallHHa H3nHBaiba HeJ(or caHHTapHor 06jel<Ta. 06jeJ(TH ca lIIH-
POJ(HM H paBHHM l\HOM (Kao J(alla, BanOBH, cYIl.OnepH) 1<0.11 KOjlilX je H3]11'1-
Balbe pa3ByqeHO, YBeK he ce Ha J(pajy HBnHBa CH!jlOH HaHOBO caM HanytiHTH,
jep H3nHB Tpaje AY)Ke a 6p3HHa ce OTHUa.I-ba
cMalbyje. BpTJlOr ce Ha H3nHBHOM OTBOPY
!jlopMHpa npe Hero lIITO ce cYI1. Hcnpa3HH no-
BnaqehH C060M Ba3I1.YX, Te ce TI1Me CMalbH
ecpeKa T I1CI'ICaBalba.
MeljyTHM 1<0.11 oojeKaTa Kopl1TaCTor -
OBanHor OOJlHKa (Ha np. YMHBaOHHK) CBpllIe-
TaJ( H3JlHBa je Harao Te MO)l<e H3a3BaTH C a-
MOHCnpa)!(fbelbe cHcjloHa . ,lJ,ejcTBo
C a AI 0 H C 11 caB a Ib a M 0 )!( e C e y M a-
IbHTH, al<o je npeqHHI{ H3JlHBa 3a
jenHy Me-py MalbH 011. npeqHHKa
OI1.BOI1.He ueBH y KOjy ce Be3yje
H 3 Jl H B.
e) /4cnapaeGibe BOl1.e 1i13 cHcjloHa MO)!(e
TaKOlje AOBecTIiI no lberOBor Hcnpa)!(lbelba H
CmlKa 50 - CnOJhaW\b" ynfllajn Ha
BeHTlinal1"jy
v
Cmma - 51 nono)l(aj BeHTllnal1110lle
l1eBii
1\0 racOBa . Ha np. KOA Kane, rne je CI1QlOH nJlHTaK 360r TaHKe
oeTOHcKe I(OHCTpYKUl1je, a pelje ce ynoTpeOJbaBa Hero I1.PYrH 06jet<TH, qeCTO
cy Y3POK Aa ueJlO l<ynaTHJlO HMa HenpHjarraH 3al1.ax. CTora je Haj60Jbe lIITO
qellihe 06HaBJbanf BOI1.Y y Cl1cjlOHy a Ha H3JlI'IBHOM OTBOPY A06po 3aqem1TH
qenOM, HapOqlil'TO y JleTlbe BpeMe 0 qeMy je OHno pelJH y Tal!. 176.
65
JIC) CnOlbaWlbU mepAllIl{KU ymulJaj Ha 8eftnlLl AalJujy
YTl1uajH CnOlbaWlhe TeMnepaType Mory 113a3BaTH nopeMehaje y !jlYHI<-
UHOHHCalhY BeHTllnaUl1j e. Tal<o y 311My KaJl.a cy r aCOBH .11 Ba3J1. YX y BeHTI1-
naUI10lH1M ueBI1Ma H 3aoilieHH BnarOM, Hall. J1. 01j y y J1.0Jl.11P ca xnaJl.HOM
CpeJl.I1HOM y TaBaHY, Hax BaTahe ce cnaHa Ha yHyTpawlhe 311J1. 0Be BeHTl1naUH-
OHHX ueBI1 11 TO MO)Ke J1.emmH
l
lHO J1.a cMalbH npecel< ueBH I1nH J1.a je CaCBI1M
3any wl1 . en. 50. OBO 611 HeMI1HOBHO npol13Beno
HCnpa)l(lhelhe cl1!jloHa 11 TO: y B 11 W 11 hi II. en 0-
B 11 M a 3 r p a II. e n y T eM 11 C 11 caB alh a a y
H H )I( 11 M II. e nOB 11 hi any T e hi 11 C T 11 C I< a-
Batba.
)],a 611 ce OBO cnpelJl1J10 Tpe6a y
Ta B aHY npOWl1pl1TI1 BeHTHnaUHOHY
U e B 3 a 50 MM. J1.a 611, al( O ce HaXBaTa cnaHa Ha
yHyTpawlhe 060Jl.e ueBI1, OCTao jow YBel( cJl060-
J1.aH nyH npe
l
lHI1I( BeHTI1naUI10He ueBI1 3a npona3
raCOBa. OBO ce npOWHpelhe Ha311Ba Be H T H n a-
u H 0 H a rn a BaH CTaBlba ce TaI<O, J1.a 3a 0,50
M. yna3H y nOJl.I{pOBlbe a 1,0 M 113BaH I<pOBHOr
nOl<pl1BalJa CJl . 44.
TIpowl1pelhe 3aBpwHor J1.ena BeHTI1naUI10He
ueBI1 3a 0,5 M. I1cnOA l( pOBHOr nOl<pl1Ba
l
la , Y311Ma
C}l IIKa 52 _ lllllpclbe raCOBa ce 3aTO WTO ce pa'lYHa J1.a je AO Te 30He Hajj allH
yTHI.\aj cnOlballilhe TeMnepaType. J.13Bol;elhe OA 1,0
M. 113HaA I<p6Ba nOTpe6HO je paAli 6p)l(er 11 60lber pa3BejaBatba r aCOBa y cno-
60AHY aTMoc!jlepy 11 360r CHe)I(HI1X HaHoca.
Y neTI-be BpeMe, HanpOTI1B, TaBaHCl<11 je npocTOp Bpeo, Te ce 11 Ba3J1. Yx
11 raCOBH y BeHTHnaUHoHoj ueBI1, l{aA AOl;y y OBY
30HY, Harl lO WHpe, Tj. A0611jajy jeJl.HY XOPli 30H-
TanHY I(OMnOHeHTY J(a BpenHM 601(OBHMa ueBI1 H
ry6ehl1 npl1 TOM 6p3HHY, cTBapajy ycnop 3a npo-
na3 racOBa Ii 113a311Ba jy nopeMehaje y cH!jloHMMa
(BHAI1 CJI . 52) . nOWTO je HcnOA l{ pOBHOr nOl{pl1-
BalJa HajTonJlHja 30Ha TO iii Y OBOM CJlyqajy npo-
WHpelhe BeHTHnaUHOHe ueBH OTI(n alha noj aBe y-
cnopa. rOplhH cn060Jl.HH OTBOP Ha BeBTHnauHoHoj
3aWTHheH je jeAHOM KanOM npOTHB IUlure
H CHera.
3) YmulJaju 8empoea Ha 8eHmUJtalJujy
nOCTojl1 11 yTHuaj BeTpOBa Ba BeHTHnaUHOHH
cHcTeM y KyliH, ami OH BeMa RapOlJl1TOr AejcTBa
11 npal<TI1'IHO ce MO)l(e 3aHeMapl1TI1 . J.1nal{ y Be-
TpOBI1TI1M 06nacTI1Ma Tpe6a 0 OBOM nOBecTH pa- C}l lma 53 - BeTpo6pallJI
lJyHa. Y TOM c.qyqajy Haj60lbe je Ha MecTO 0611'1He
I{ane Ba BeBTl1naUl1oHoj maBI1, CTaBHTI1 HapOlJHTe 3aBpWeTI<e cn HllHe
UHMa 11 neTnOBliMa Ha AI1MlhaUHMa CJI. 53.
66
u) 1138pwen,e 6eHmulllUJUie
3a BeHTHnallHjy l(yl'iHe Mpe)l(e HajBHwe ce
r B 0 3 A e H 0 r nOLI H H K 0 BaR 0 r n H M a OA 0,5 MM.
BaHl'IM caCTaBHMa. OHe cy Bpno naKe 3a hfOHTa)l(Y, M e ~ y T H M
Tpe6HTH Ii CBe Apyre BpCTe lIeBH Kao: K epa M Ii tJ K e, r B 0 3 J1. e
BeRe H a36eCTHO-lIeMeHTAe lIeBH.
BeHTHnaQ}I()Ha lIeB oTnotJH!-be 01\ nOAa OHor cnpaTa Ha KOMe ce HMasH
HajBHwM caHH:rapRIi o6jeKaT.
Ha np . sa npnSeMne srplll\e l(aHallnSaUIIOHa BepTIIJ(alla IIOlla311 caMO 110 nOlla DpH-
se.,Jba Ha I(OM je .,eCTY H HajnHwn caH.qapHII 06jeKaT, a ollaTlle ce sepTIIKaJla npOIlY-
>KaBa Y BeHTllllaUIIOHY UeB npaBO lIaBllwe 110 HSHall I(pOBa. KOIl srplll\e ca jellHHM cnpaTOM
SeHTllllaUIIOHa ueB nOlla311 Oil naTOCa npBor cnpaTa II TaKO lIalbe sa IIBocnpaTile H Bllme-
cnpanle srpalle .
. VlMa cnY'lajeBa ,/\a KO,/\ BHlIIecnpaTHe 3rpaAe H3BeCHa BepTHana npe-
cTaje Beft KO,/\ npBor cnpaTa HnH 'laI( OA npH3eMJba, anH BeHTHnallHOHa
lIeB Mopa OAaTne npo,/\y)l(aBaTH P03 CBe OCTane Cnp&TOBe AO H3HaA l(pOBa.
Y TOM cny'lajy BeHTHnallHOHa tie ' lIeB 'JeCTO npona3HTH H Kp03 CTaH-
6eHe H paAHe npocTopHje na je rrpenopyqJMIBO', Aa 6YAe OA ja'ler MaTepHjana
Hero UlTO je rB03,/\eHH nOllHHJ<oBaHH nHM, OjH BpeMeHOM MO)Ke Aa 6YAe
HarpH)KeH, MO)Ke ,/\a ce ' ynyml HnH np06yulH HnH ,/\a nonycTH neM Ha
caCTaBHMa.
YonlIlTe lIeBH OA rB03,/\eHor nOllHHKoBaHor nl1Ma Tpe6a l(OPHCTHTH caMO
l<p03 TaBaHCKH npocTOp, .nOWTO cy naKe 3a MOHTa)I(Y H He npeTCTaBJbajy
onaCHOCT 0,/\ nponywTalba. KP03 yftHe npocTopHje 60Jbe je ynoJ:pe6JbaBaTH
ja
l
lll MaTepHjan. 3a jaBHe 3rpaAe H cBy,/\a r,/\e cy BepTHI<ane yrpaljeHe Tpe6a
BeHTHnallHOHe lIeBH H3BO,/\HTH OA rB03AeHHX nHBeHllX lIeBI1.
j) Bpcme CUOHa
OCHM 06H'lHHX CI1OHa np,n<asaHl'IX Ha CJl. 34 H3pal)yjy ce MHore
Apyre BpcTe pa3nl'l'lHTe l(aKO no l(OHCTPYKlIl1jH TaKO H no MaTepHjany OA
((ora cy I1spaljeml.
no MaTepHjany Mory 6HTH: e p a-
MlllJlOI, OA nHBeHor rBO)I<lja, OA
onOBa H 0)( M-ecHHra nOHI1KnO-
BaH 0 r H n H x p 0 AI H P a H 0 r _ ,IlaJbe
CJWKa 54 - CneulljaJIIlH CI1IjlOHII
5
CIIIII(a 55
61
Kao CaMOC'\'aJlHR 3aCe6HH <\lacoHcKR AeJlOBH YS HeKH CaHWrapHH
o6jeKaT, HJIH cy H qHHe CaCTaBHH Aeo 06jel(Ta. Y TOM cy
enyqajy on HCTor MaTepHjana OA Kora je H 06jeKaT.
nOCToje CH<\lOHIi H HapOqHTe J<OHCTpYKllHje ca nperpaAaMa, ca Bl1jyra-
nyTeM rrponasa BOAe H ca Ay6JbHM CJlojeAl BOAeHor 4ena, CJl. 54 II 55 . OBa-
KllH ce CH<\lOHH 60Jbe cyrrpoTCTaBJbajy HCHcaBaFbY, caMO AOK cy 'IHCTH.
YnoTpe6JbaBajy ce Ha AY)I<I'IM orpaHllMMa 6e3 oAYUlKe, McnOA npaOHHl<a, M
cnH4HHX 06jel(aTa. HesroAHa je cTpaHa OBHX cHQJoHa UlTO ce 6p)l(e SaMa)l(Y,
a Te)l(e ce 4 HeTe .
npeMa MeCTY II CAHOCY Ha CamlTapHH Mory 6MTH: B H C e Ii H
Ha 06jeKTy, C l' 0 j eli If H a nOAY liJlM Y r P a 1) e H H Y nOA. 0 TOMe lie
6MTH AeTaJbHO rOBopa Y AeJlY 0 caHIITapHMM ype1)ajHMa. npeMa BenMqMHlI
npe4HMKa ynoTpe6JbaBajy ce cJleAelie BeJlHqHHe:
I. HcnoA 4ecaMa, YMHBaOHMJ<a, 6HAea, lTIiCOapa
2. HcnOA cKynHlix YMMBaoHlil<a H nMcoapa
3. J<aAe .
4. McnoA cYAonepa .
5. HcnOA npaoHMJ<a .
6. HcnOA CJlI18HHI(a y nOAY
. 7. ricnOA CJlHBHI1I<a Y ABOPliWTY
_ 8. HcnOA W. C. ' .'
30 AO 40 MM.
50 MM.
50 AO 70 MM.
50 AO 70 MM.
100 MM.
50-70-100 MM.
100 MM .
100 MM.
BHcHHa BOAeHora CTy6a Y CH<P0HY Kpelie ce OA 50 AO 100 MM. H TO:
OA 50 "MM. J<OA W. C. (KJl03eTa); OA 100 MM. KOA ABOPHWHHX CJlI18HHl<a H
OA 70 MM. I(OA BeliHHe OCTaJlHX 06jel<aTa.
ICJ 3aKlbY'WK 0 np08empaoaibY ICyt1He 00800ne Alpe:Jlce
CBe HanpeA cnoMeHyTe no jaBe y Be3H npOBeTpaBalha KyRHe Mpe)l(e
(Jla60paTOpHCI(M HClTIi TaHe), Y npal<CH ce HHCY MorJle oAMax nOTBPAHTH. To
AOJlaSli oTyAa UlTO je y Jla60paToplijaMa TeUlKO 06yxBaTHTI1 CBe CJlY4ajeBe M
H HS IhHX H3Bylili jeAaH onUlTH SaKJbY4aK H MepHJlo. PesYJlTaTH cY HcnHTH-
Ba1ba peJlanlBHH na H CBaJ(H paqyH Ha OCHOBY IhHX je npli6JlH)I(aH,
jep cy y npaKcH TaKO pasHoBpcHe KOM6HHallHje H YCJlOBH, Aa ce peTJ(o KaA
nOHOBe BHwe HCTl1X cJlYllajeBa.
Ha np. caMo y norilCAY HClIcaaalba clHjloHa, omITU cy nOKa3aJIII Aa CC y UCKHX
2000 npo6a Ca I1ajHenOBOJbHHjer nono>Kaja, AccHna C<L\IO ACCCTaK HClIcaaafba
cnl!>ona.
CTOra ce 3a npaKcy MopaMO SaAOBOJbHTH C THAI Aa ce CTBOpe H3BeCHH
onurnt sal(JbY'lllH sa npal<TH'IHy npHMeHY. Y TOM llHJbY cy CaCTaBJbeHH npa-
BHJlIH1UH, 1<0jH ce Tal<olje pa3nHI(yjy Meljyc06110.
Hel<11 np<'BHJlHMllH Ha np. nponHcyjy 06aBe3HO npOBeTpaBalhe He caMO
BCpTHKaJla Hero 1'1 3ace6Hy BeHTHnaUHOHY Mpe)l(Y sa CBe orpaHKe H nojeAHHe
06jel<Te. AnH ce oBaj Ha'IHH CMaTpa I(ao 3aCTapeo. .IJ:pynl npaBHJlHHUH
npeABHljajy 06aBe3Y noce6Hor npOBeTpaBal'ba XOpH30HTanHIiX orpaHaKa y
HU)I(HM cnpaTOBliMa BHUlecnpaTHHX srpaAa. 6eorpaACI( li npaBI1JlHMI< ce 3a1,\0 -
BOJbaBa npoBeTpallalbeM CBal(e BepTl1I<aJle, a sa orpaHl(e npeABH1)a no
Hap04HToj nOTpe6H H saxTeBy. .
Al(O ce nolje OA onUlTer saXTeBa Aa lleo OABOAHH CHCTeM y l(yliH,
YI(JbY4HBUlH Ty H BeHTHJlaUHOHY Mpe)I(Y, Tpe6a' Tal<O OCHOBanl H npOBeCTH,
Aa 3a HOpMaJlHY ynoTpe6y nOA peAOBHHM o 1<0JlHOCTI>lMa, MO)l(e Aa 06es6eAH:
n p a B H Jl H 0 H C n H p a Ih e, C T a Jl H Y II H P I< Y Jl au H j Y Bas A Y x a Y
68
Mpe)l(l1 11 na 06e36eljyje CHI\IO .e
611 ce OBO nOCTl1rnO Tpe6a ce npMAp)I(aBaTH
KOjl1 cy SanOBOJhaBajy11l1 3a npaKcy:
1. Ceal(}' eepmuKallY npooy:JICumu nOMony
Kpoea.
2. KanalJumem eeHmUJlat/uOHe lJeeu mpe6a oa 6yoe maxQ8 diJ
U3paeHGea npumucKI! y Alpe:JICU G y zpallulJGMa 2,5 eM. eooeH(J2
3. Dpe'lHUK eeHmuJlalJuolle lJeeu He CAte 6umu MGlbU 00 eepmUKt1JIt "*
eeHmullupa.
4. BellmuJlalJuOIIG lJee Mopa 6umu ycnpGeHa, a CKpemalbe He CMe op
6yoe eene 00 60
0
.
5. Xopu30HmallHu ozpallaK AtOJlce ce npY31camu Haejlllue 1,5 M. 00
eepmuKalle. '
6. H36ezaeamu ee3uealbe eume npu60pa lIa jeollY eepmuKaJly.
7. Dpe'lllw( Xopu30llmailHoz ozpallKa op31camu 3a jeoHY Mepy eenu 00
llpe'lIlUKa cuoHa.
8. !fyeamu eellmu;: alJuoHe lJeeu 00 Keapa U 00 3a'lf11Jbelba.
18. l{aHanMcalbe aTMOC!\JepCI(HX BOna
AnlOc<jJepCKe HnH 060plHICI<e BOne, 6Hno na cy OHe nOBpWI1HCKe y
KHwe HnH OTOnJbeHOr CHera 6Hno Aa cy nOA3eMHe, Mory ce YBOAli Tli y Ka-
ami non ycnoBoM, n! ce npeny3My cse nOTpe6He Mepe J(aI{O ce
THM Y80ljelbeM He 6H peMeTHO npa811naH TOK <jJeKanHe BOAe.
Hajsa)l(HHje je OTCTpa.HHTH Tanor H MyJb 113 TI1X 80Aa, JZora y 8e-
nl1l(HM l<onHQHHaMa y nOBpWHHCKl1M cnHB08HMa. Y nponmHOM ce OBal<BH cnH-
80BH He cMejy YBOAI1TI.f y rpaACKY J<aHanH3aL\l1jy, 8el1 ' OTBopeHHM KaHa-
nHMa HnH Ha Apym Ha'lHH. I
a) OKYn(baIJU
Kyl1HH cnHBOBH ca J<posOBa 11 Tepaca cKynJbajy ce. a -nOTOM
L\eBHMa BOAe y KaHanH3aL\Hjy. Ha MecTy cnoja onY'lHe L\e8li H on-
BOAHe KaHanH3aL\HOHe ue811 CTaBJba ce jeAaH HapOqHTH KOMan, on mlBeHora
rsO)Klja, KOjl1 ce Ha3HBa Oll y'llbGK.
69
Ha cn. 56. npl,rKasaH je 6eorpaJ:(cl001 nm onY41-bah:a. OH ce cacTojH I-IS
jeJ:(He mlBeHe l(yliHue ca OTBOPOM ca ropl-be CTpaHe sa YBOJ:( onytfHe
"Oj14 ce 1<0neHaCTO HeCTaBJba y HcnycHH OTBOp npH J:(HY 3a Be3Y ca "aHanH-
3aLlHOHOM ueBl4. Y J:(OI-beM je J:(eny CMeWTeHa nHBCHa l(o<jJI'lua, Hoja CBOjH,"
060J:(oM Hane)Ke Ha )!(Jbeo, a npH' lBpwl1eHa j e rs03J:(el'IHM naH4HlieM 3a 3HJ:(
onY4l-bal(a. KocpHua je Ay601(a 10 CM. H npH Bpxy HAl a npope3e 3a npemm
KI1lllIHlue, J:(01{ Tanor 11 MyJb saCTajy y l-beHOM HH)KeAl Aeny . BHcHHa onY4-
I-bal(a M3HOCH 65 CM. a npe'lHHI{ OJ:( BOJ:(Hor oTBopa je 125 MM. 0 3ro je no-
I(nonau, 1(0jH 3aTBapa OTBOP I(P03 1(0jH ce MO)Ke 1(0CpflUa BaJ:(HTM, PaAH 411-,
wi1elba OA MyJba. .
Onytllbal( ce yrpaljyje y TpOToap srpaAe: TaKa J:(a My je nOI<JIonau y
mmoy TpOToapa, H3HaA HI'IBoa WTpllH caMO ropfbe rpno onYlllhal(a, Y I(oje ce
YBOAM onYlIHa ueB.
M3HaA OBor rpna a 3a jeAaH MeTap HaBHwe, onY4Ha je ueB H3nO)l(eHa
YJ:(apy, Te MO)Ke OHTl4 yny6JbeHa Mml OWTeneHa OA ca06panaja, Te je OOJbe
Aa oBaj Aeo ClnY4He l.\ eBH 6YJ:(e OJ:( nHBeHor rsO)l(lja , a OCTaml J:(eo AO Ha BPX
I<pOBa H3BO,[\H ce OA rs03J:(eHor rrOUHHI(OBaHOr nHMa N2 18. AHa je onY'lHa
ueB yrpaljeHa y 31'IA, OHJ:(a Mapa y Llenoj AY)I(HHM OA nHBeHor rso)Hlja.
OnY4lbaK Tpeoa nocne CBal(e KI'lwe lIHCHITM OA Tanora, HHalle ce 1<0CpHua
MO)l(e TOnHI(O HanYHHTH Aa Bpno cnaoo HJII1 HHl(al(O He. nponywTa IUlWHHUy.
AI(O je y nMTafbY cnMB ca l<pOBa OHAa ce y. AHy onyliHe UeBI1 CTaBJba
onY4lbal< oea CHcjJOHa, Tal(O Aa racOBH H3 ABopHWHe lllpe)l(e Mory cnOOOAHO
OAna3HTI1 I(P03 ony4Hy neB HSHal\ I(pOBa. illTa BHwe Bpno je l(<?pHcHa H no-
TpeOHa OBal<Ba jeAHa OAYllll<a, OHno Ha HeKoj
Ta4UI'1 ABo pHWBe Mpe)Ke paAH paCTepenelba
cl1cTeMa npOBe'rpaBalba l(yhHe Mpe)l(e, oHno
caCBHM onH3y ynH'IHor npHI(JbY4Ka 3a OABOA
r aCOBa I{OjH npoAHpy H3 YJll14HMX l{aHana y
l(yliHy Mpe)l(y.
. 3aTO je nponHc a HO, J:(a c e H
H a j I( P a j; 101 I( Y j; H 101 I( a Han MOp a B e-
3 a T 101 6 a p j e A H HMO n y I( a AI 3a I( a-
H a nl13 au H j y. OCHM ynore npOBeTpa-
fba ABopHlllHe Mpe)l(e MnH ynH4Hor npHI(Jby-
'IKa, OBa je Mepa norpeoHa paJ:( H HcnHpafba
rnaBHor l(ytiHor KaHana Hap04HTO I(OA Ma-
nHX Hamoa OTHualba .
AKa ony'lHa ueB BOAH I(HWHHUY ca
OaJll(OHa 101 Tepaca, OHAa onYlilbal( npH AHy
onyliHe ueBM Mapa 6HTM cHa6AeBeH CH<pOHOM
ca BOAeHMM 'IenOM npHlBy npoAI1palba ra-
COBa Ha 1epacy. npH TOMe BOAI1TH pa4yHa
Aa BOA'cl y CHcjJOHy 6YAe 06e30elje
H
a OA ynl -
uaja Mpa3a, Tj. HMBO BOAe y lbeMy Mapa 61011'11
HajMalbe 1 M. 11<;noA nOBpwlofHe TepeHa.
OBO ce MO)Ke nocnrliH Ha ABa HaqHfla:
emma 57 - OnY41bal{ ca Ay6ol<l<M HnH ce onYll.lbal( cTaBH y 3HAaHO peBH3HOHO
CU<jJOIIOM OI(HO TaKa Aa ce MO)l(e npHfiH CHCPOHY paAH
4JofUlnelba, HnH ce CTaBH HapO'lHTH THn
onY'llbal(a -ca yrpaljeHHM AYOOKHM CMWOHOM, \, OjH He "'p3He, en. 57.
OnyqHe ueBH Ha ynwUIOM (paCaAHo,\\ 3HAY He cMejy 11cnaAaTI1 BaH 311AHe
paBHH, Ben 11X Tpe6a YByliH y 3HAHe )KJbe60Be. Mary ce KHWHe onY'IHe ueBH
70
l.f3nWBaTW W CJI0601lHO Ha TpOTOap ynwue, amf caMO 1<011 paBHRX ymma, Me-
t)yTVIM 3a cTpMe ynwue TO je 3a6palbeRO 360r nonellwue. Y IDIWRe ce onyKe
He CMe YBOlll.JTA He'lWCTa BOlla, H1'1TW ce HWWH1'1Ue cMejy YBO.QMTM y BepTWl<ane
HaMelbeHe 3a cjleHanHY BOilY.
6) 000001bU6aJOf! oellu/wx KP06liUX n06pwulia
TIpw pewaBalbY KaHanw3auMje Hapo'lwTy na)l(IbY 3aXTeBa rrWTalbe OA-
BOIlI-baBal-ba Beml1<WX I(pOBOBa WHIlYCTPWCI{WX 3rpaAa , noWTO cy y
lJeCTO orpoMHe KOnW'Il1He BOlle ca rrpOCTpaH1'1X cmlBHHX nOBpWWHa, KOjy BOilY
Tpe6a npaBI-InHO W cwrypHo OIlBeCTW. TIp06neM je HapOlJHTO OTe,l(aH
UOM WTO npwnWB BOAe Hwje yBel< yjellHaqeH W npOTemYT Ha AYII(e BpeJlle,
Bel1 lJeCTO Bpno Harao W y !(paTKOM BpeMeHCKOJll pa3Mal{y, WTO IIOna31'1 01\
W3HeHaIlH1'1X rrJbYCI{OBa W npOBane 06nal(a, Te MOII(e 1\0l1H .QO H3nHBalba BOlle
y yHyTpawlbe npocTopHje <pa6pwu<wx xana.
)].a 6H ce w36erne OBa!<Be C11TyaUHje W npaBwnaH 0.QB01\ rro-
Tpe6Ho je H3palJYHaTH I(OnH'IHHY BOlte I(oja ce nponHje Ha nOBpwHHy l<pOBa.
nOWTO ce yTBP.QH OBa !(OnHlJHHa BOlte y nHT. /ceK. OHlta ce H3 o.QrOBapajyfiHx
Ta6mll.\a (XXX I) MO,Ke o.QpeltHTw l(arral\1'1TeT W 1t1-1MeH3Hje O.QBO.QHe Mpell(e.
)].a 6HCJ'1O 1I0wml 110 OBor pe3ynTaTa nOTpe6Ho je llpe CBera Ha
OCHOBY nOllaTal{a oM6poMeTpHG.KMX cTaHHua, l<onHJ{ H je HajBel111 BOlleHH
TanOI' 3a AOTHlJHY 06nacT.
3a 6eorpalt Ha IIp. Y3HMa ce MaJ(CHMamm BOAeHH Tanor rrpH HarnOM
ll JbYCI<y y Tpaj alby J(P03 15 MHH: Ita M_epH 125 nJ1T. / cel(' no xeKTapy
nOBpwHHe .
. npeMa l<BallpaTypH !(POBHHX nOBpwwHa H pacrropelty OIlBOIIHHX onyq-
HWX ueBH, H3pa' lyHa ce .Ha OCHOBY OBor nOIta:TJ(a, J(onHJ(O nHT. / cel{ . naltHe
Ha rrojeJl, HHe cnHBHe nOBpwHHe, OJl,HOCHO Ha jellHY O.QBO.QHY ueB, rra ce 3aTHM
"'3 Ta6nHua OApeljyjy IIHMeH3Hje O.QBOAHe Mpell<e.
3a onYlJHe ueSH nocTojH. eMllHpHlJKW ' 06pa3au no I<OMe Ha 1 M2 1l0BP-
WHHe l<poBa oAroBapfi 1 npecel<a onYlJHe ueBH. QBaj je 06pa3au rrpe-
TepaH 11 3acTapeo y xHApaynHlJI(OM norneAY, jep W3na3W lIa 6H 3a 100 M2
l<pOBa Tpe6ano 100 CM2 rrpeceKa onYlJHe ueB"', O.QHOCHO BenH'IHHe 10/ 10 CM.
wnH oJ( pyrnor rrpecel(a (0) 110 MM. MeljyTHM ca nOBpWHHe Oil 100 M2
cnHje ce csera 1, 25 nHT. /ce1<. . .QOI( ues Oil 100 CM2 npeceJ<a MOl!{e .Qa cnpo-
BeAe MHoro Bel1y KOnHlJHHY BOl\e y nHT. cell. Te oBaj 06pa3au Tpe6a Kope-
rHpaTH H .QaTH 1l0BOJbHHjH OIlHOC. .
Y cTBapH onylJHa 6H ues Morna lIa 6ylle MHoro Malber rrpeceJ<a, aJIH
063HpOM Ha MyJb H Ha .Qpyre lJBpCTe OTnaTJ<e !(OjH ce CJIHBaTH ca
l<pOBOBa, Y311Ma ce Y rrpal<CH 3a onYlJHe ueBH HajMalba BenHlJl1Ha npecel<a
Oil 100 CM2 (10 X 10) CM.
Je.QHa cpe.Qlba 6a3a 3a 6p3y llpoBepy l<allaUHTeTa onYlJHe ueBW MOII<e
ce 3a Hawe llpHn1d!(e Y3eTI1 1 CM2 npeceJ(a onY'lHe ueBH Ha 4 M2 J(poBHe
1l0BpUlHHe. Y TOM 6H cnylJajy J(P03 onY'IHY ueB O.Q 100 CM 2 rrpeceJ(a, npo-
THuano jow YBeJ( caMO 5 nHT. / ce!(.
6) 006001bU6albe nllumKUX Kp0606a U mepaca
l{01\ BeJIHI(HX j aBHI1x 06je!(aTa je nOl!{eJbHO .Qa OJIYlJHe ueBH He 6YIIY
BH.QHe Ha cjl acallHOM 3HIlY, Bel1 ca yHYTpallilbe cTpaHe 3H.Qa 3rpa.Qe. Pa3n03H
3a OBO HHCy HCI{JbYlJHBO apXHTeKTOHC!(H, Bel1 H uenHcxOIIHl1, jep ce Ha oBaj
Ha'I HH 06e36eljyjy onYQHe ueBW Oil 3aMp3aBalba . 3a OBY ce CBpxy, yMecTo
71
ueBH OA rB03AeHor JlHMa, Mopajy rB03AeHe mlBeHe
I<oje Mory 611TH npOBeAeHe HJlH Kp03 )KJbe60Be (WmfueBe) ca yHyTpawlbe
r-i:
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cTpaHe CnOJbaWlbMX 3M)lOBa MJlM ce BOile no yHyTpalIJibeM 3HilY, na nOTOM
MaCI<llpajy pa6HU 3HAoBlnla .
72
OBal<Be srpaAe Mory Mml paBHe l, pOBOBe M Tepace MJlH cy, WTO
je Haj'lewkM CJlYllaj nOKpM13eHe nt1MCHMM nOKpMBaqeM. OJlYUMMa caKynJbeHa
BOAa OABOAM ce I<pOS nOTI<pOBJbe y yHyTpawli>y OABO.l\HY ueB, yhlecTo cnOJba.
y AHy oJlytlHe UeBI1 KO.l\ Hajm1)Ker nOAa CTaBJba ce JlMBeHM oJlY'lli>aK ca
KO<\lMUOM sa XBaTali>e MyJba .
1{0A OBaKBMX peweli>a oABoAa I( MWHMl.\e l ( pMTM'I Ha cy MeCTa cnoj eBM
oJlYI(a M oJly'lHe l.\eBI1, Koja y SMMY Aa 6YAY saBejaHa CHerOM M saJle-
ljeHa, Te Ha Taj Ha'lMH 6YAe sa'lenJbeHa je.l\Ha oAYlliKa Ha BeHTMJlaUMjl1 KaHa-
JlMSaUl10He Mpe)Ke. OCI1M 'fora, KaAa BpeMe OjY)l(M 11 HaCTaHe O'fanalhe CHe r a
no JlMMeHOM nOKpMBaqy, BO.l\a fie ce M3J1MBaTI1 y TaBaHCKI1 npocTop, CBe.!\Ol{
ce He OTKpaSM SaMpSJlM ymlBHI1 rpJlMfi OABOAHe ueBI,1.
n OWTO ce Semll{ H jaBlm 06jel(TI1 BefiHHoM sarpeBajy ueHTpaJlHl1flll rpe-
jalhelt\ oBaKsa ce MeCTa lIIory 06es6e.l\l1TM 0.1\ 3aMp3aBali>a Ha Taj Ha'lHH, WTO
ce OKO OABO.l\He ueBH y TaBaHY 06asMje je):laH HeHSOJlOBaHM OrpaHaI< pa3-
Ta6J1l11.\8 XV. BeJlHqHHa OAOOAHHX I(HWHHX l.\eOH Y OAHOCY H8 M HOIIY noopwHHY
Cno j BOJ\ellor naJ\a
):\03BOJbCli a noopmHHa (XOpHSOHT. npojeJ<l.\lIja. " pOBa) Y M'
Y MM/ qaC
\- - -75-1
I
50 65 100
I
125 150
-----
I I
50 220 350
1
490 880
\
1370 1970
65 170 270 380 675 1050 1520
75 145 230 330 580 9LO 1310
Ta6nll 1.\ 8 XVI. BenHqHHa XOP"SOHTRnHe OIlBOAHe " pe)l(e Y oJ\Hoey Ha enHoHY nOBpwHHY
npellHHI<
.L\osOOJbCHa nOBpwHHa Y M' nplI Har>l 6y OJ\:
Cnoj BOJ\ellor
naJ\a Y MN/ 'lac
u.eslI
0,005 10,006 10,008 \ 0,0 1 10,0151 0,
02
1 0,03 \ 0,04\ 0,05
Y""\I
50
75
I
-
wo 1
- 170
210 1
250
300 1
350 390
I
100 260 330 370 450 530 640 740 830
125 480 520 600 670 830 960 11 70 1350 1510
150 780 850 980 1100 1340 1550 1900 2200 2460
200 1650 1850 2100 2250 2900 3350 4100 4750. 5300
65
75 - - - 130 160 190 230 260 300
1\
100 200 220 250 280 350 400 490 570 640
125 370 400 460 520 630 730 890 1030 1150
150 590 650 750 840 1030 1180 1450 1680
1880 I
200 1300 1400 1600 1800 2200 2550 3150 3600 4050
75
75
- - - 120 140 160 2 0 230 260
100 180 190 220 250 300 350 430 500 560
125

350 400 450 550 640 780 900 1010
150 570 650
730 1 900
1030 1270
1460 1 3500
200 1100 1200 1400 1600 1950 2250 2750 3150 3500
73
BOI\He Mpe)I(e uelHpamlOr rpejatba 11 Tal(O SarpeBatbeM CnpetJH SaMpaSaBaFbe
ymlllHor rpll a. BHI\H ClI. 58. .
I{01\ paBIHlx l(pOBOBa Tepaca OCHM Tora, He CMeJY ce
ClIl1BHe p.eweTKe ca CI-ICPOHOM y KOMe 61-1 ce BOl\a SaMp311a, Bet; Mopajy
peweTI(e cneUHj allHor. nma sa OBY CBpxy. YKOllHI{O ce y npOl\ajl'l He Mory
I-JaI1JoI , Mory ce KOPHCTHTH H lIHBeHe accjlall THpaHe peweTKe, caMO ce
nOl\y6JbeHH l-beH I\eo Hcnyl-ll1 npeTXOI\HO accpall TOM, TaJ(O I\a Bql\a He MO)!(e
I\a sacTal-le.
na 6H ce y OBOM clI ytJajy cnpetIHlIO npOl\11patbe l(aHallCI<HX r aCOBa Ha
Tepacy, Mopa ce y I\Hy o)l,Bol\He ueBH l\aTH CHcjlOH 06es6elj eH 01\ saMpsaBal-ba,
I(ao WTO j e peqeHO sa 6aJII( ofie H Tepace.
npOpaqYH OI\BOI\He Mpe)Ke BpllIl1 ce Ha I1CTH HarIHH Kao 11 1(01\ BeJll1KI1X
l( pOBOBa HH)l,yCTpI1CI<HX srpa)l,a, Ha 6asl1 HajBet;er nJbycl(a Y lIHT. / ceK. no
I M2 nOBpWI-IHe Tepace.
Ha Ta611HuaMa XV 11 XV [ l\aTH cy eMnHpl1tJl(H nOl\aTUH sa Ol\pelj,lIlatbe
l(anaUHTeTa OI\BOI\HI1X KHDlHI1X ueBH XOpHsOHTallHe Mpe)!(e Y OI\Hocy 'Ra
J(Oll HQI1Hy BOl\eHor Tanora 11 BeJll1
t
lJ1Hy nOBpWHHe. .
2) CAU8HUlJU
11' OTOnJbeHH CHer, Kojl1 ce uel\e ca J\BOpHWTa 11 TepeHa Mory
ce TaKolje YBOI\I1TH y l(aHall H3auHjy, allH npeKO nponHCHHX ClIHBRHKa CHa-
CJiIlBHHK
61\eBeHHM ca TallO)J(HHJ(OM. jljMa pasflHX
BpCTa J<HWHHX ami je no HalilllM
npOnHCI'IMa y ynoTpe611 TSB. "r,a..j...r e...p.::.Q$-,
C 1I 11 B H 11 K" ClI . 59 OH je KOHcTpYl1caH
TaJ(O I\a sal\p)J(aBa- Tallor 11 MyJb, KOjl1 ce
cnl1pa ca TepeHa, a y HCTO BpeMe cnpe-
tIaBa npOl\l1patbe r aCOBa I1S KaHaml3auHje
y )l,BopHwTe nOMot;y yrpal)eHor cHq)OHa
ca BOl\eHI1M 3aTBapetJeM.
H3paljyjy ce 01\ 6eToHa y
UMlII1H)J,Pl1tfHHM KallynHMa H TO I\Ba
)J,ella: 1\0tbl1 je I\eo y 06mu<y cyl\a H I1Ma
yrpaljeH CI1cjlOH, a Y n\ll\y6JbeHOM l\ellY
CMewTeHa je TallO)J(Hl1ua - Kocjla 01\ jaKor
nOUHHKOBaHor 1I11Ma ca BI1COI(OM I\PWI(OM
3a 113BlIatJetbe !(ocjle. T aj je I\eo CJII1BHI1J(a
3ajel\HO C I( OcjlOM YBel( nOTOnJbeH y BOI\Y
1\0 npelll1Ba y OHcjlOHY TaJ(O, I\a racOBH ,13
Mpe)l(e He Mory ,lIa npOl\py HanOJbe.
npH CJIHBatbY KHWHHue Tan03H nal\ajy y KOcjly a H36HCTpeHI1 I\eo ce
,npelll1Ba npel(O cHq)OHa y l( aHamI3aUl1jy. Hal(O BOl\a HHje caCBHM 1136HcTpeHa
Hnal( je y BeJll1l(oj MepH oCll060lj eHa tJBpcTor Tallora 11 MYJba, KOjH 6H
wTeTaH 3a l(aHallHsauHjy. J aCHO je I\a Tpe6a nOCJle Bel'iI1X nJbYCl(OBa
Bal\HTH 11 tJHCTHTI1 01\ MYJba, I\a ce He HarOMHlIa TOllHI(O I\a OTe)l(a HlIH caCBHM
3atJenH OMHB.
fOPtbH I\eo HMa 0611HI( 06HtJHe 6eTOHCI, e ueB,I, 1(0 j a ce YBytle
y Harll aBaK 1\0tber I\ena 11 CJIY)I<M jel\HHO Hao Besa I1sMelj y roptber peweTKa-
CTor nOI(1I0nua 111\0tber )l,ella ca BOI\OM y CHcjlOHY J<OjH ee Mopa nOllO)J(l1TH
TOllHI<O l\y601(0 Y SeMJby, I\a HHBO BOl\e y CJ1cpOHY HajM2tbe jel\aH MeTap
HcnOI\ nOBpllHlHe TepeHa, I(ao npel\OxpaHy 01\ YTl1uaJa MpaseBa .
74
Mory 6eTOHClUl Cn!>lBHIUI!>I 6HTH H H3 jeJ\HOr KOMaJ\a, caMO 6H 6HnH
360r cBoje Te)l(HHe HenOAeCHH 3a paA. YKynHa J\Y)KllHH uenor cnHBHHKa 113-
HOCH 1,45 a CBaKor AMa noce6Ho: 85 CM. J\OIhH J\eo 11 60 CM. roplhH J\eo.
r OplhH pemeTI(aCTH nOlWonaU H3paljeH j e OJ\ nHBeHor rBO)I<lja H 06nm<a
je I<pY>l(Hor. Cn. 60. CacTojl1 ce H3: MaCMBHor OI(BHpa, 1<0HH'IHOr yMeTKa
I<oj!>l ynykyje cmm BOJ\e y cpeJ\HHy Cm1BHHKa
npeMa KOCPI1; pe6pacTor nOl<nonua ca npOCe1<OM
!>I3Meijy ABa pe6pa OJ\ 15 MM., Tal(O J\a 3aJ\p)KaBa
l <pymm MaTepHjan.
. HajMalhH J\BopHmHH cmIBHHK !>IMa yHy-
Tpallllh11 npeQHMK 300 MM. a H3nHBHO IIpno je
100 MM. BemHul ABOpl11l1HH H yml'lHH cnMB-
HHUH HMajy yHyTpalli/bH npe'lHMI( 450 MM., a
113nMBHO rpJlo ISO MM. nOKnonUH cy 1<0J\ Tal<BMX
C.'1MBHH1<a TelliKor mna, CnOJbHM HM je Aeo npa-
BoyraoHH a yHyTpallllh11 KOHH'IaH.
0) l{aH(lJlUCalce noo3eMlu Booe
CJJHt(a 60
P eWeTl(aCTH 1I01(JIOlla ll
AI(O ce npH KonalhY TeMeJba HaHlje Ha BOJ\Y olla ' ce MO)l(e
CI( ymITH H YBecTI1 y KaHaml3auHjy, anH ce Mopa 3aTO A06HTI1 H HapO'lI1Ta
J\03Bona. Cal(ynJbafbe nOJ\3eMHe BOJ\e BplllH ce nOMohy HapO'lHHIX J\ p e H a )1(-
H H X I< epa M H 'I K H X U e B H BHJ\H cn . 12, I(oje cy y ropl'hoj nonOBHHH
1136Ylll eHe. nojeJ\HHH 1<0MaJ\H ueBH YBnalJe ce Y HarnaBaI( cneJ\ehe ueBH' 6e3
3anTI1BaI-ba cnoja. nOA3eMHa BOJ\a npoJ\Hj;Je Ha pynHue H Ha caCTaBMMa y ueB,
a nOTOM ce npel(o jeJ\Hor ca6HpHor KaHana OJ\BOJ\M y ynH'IHy l<aHanH3aUMjy.

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MeCTJoIMa rJ\e J\peHa)l<Ha ueB Melha npaBau 3a 90 Tpe6a CTaBHTH peBH3Hjy y
03HJ\aHOM cHna3y. TaKO HCTO npe Hero lllTO ce ApeHa)l(Ha ueB npHI(Jby'lH
6Hno Ha J\BOpHlllHH 11nH ynl1'1HH cpeKanHI1 KaHan, Tpe6a npeJ\BHAeHI jeAaH
peBH3HOHI'1 cHna3 y KOMe je CMelliTeH CHCPOH ca BOAeHHM 3aTBapa'ieM npOHIB
raCOBa. 3a 113J\Bajalbe MyJba npeABl1l)ajy ce HapO'lI1TI1 Ta n O)l( H H U 11.
Y HeJ\ocTaTi( y J\peHa)l(HHX ueBI1 MO)l(e ce nOJ\3i!MHCL. BOAa OJ\BOAHTH H
06M'IHHM l(aHanl1Ma OA onel(e 0311AaH!>IX y CyBO (en. -61) . Yl3BaH 3rpaJ\e J\pe-
Ha)I(HI1 OJ\BOJ\H Mory 6HTH H Y BHJ\y 0611lJHI1X pOBOBa, KOjH ce HcnYHe 1<py-
nHHM I<OMaJ\HMa KaMeHa.
75
OBal<Be ApeHa)l(e Mory BpeMeHOM Aa nOCTaHY He)J,OBOJbHe 360r HarOMH-
n aBal-ba. <pHHOr MyJha H3.lleryy ApeHHpajyl1Hx j\\eTepHjana Te Mory Cn},}!{HTH
3a ApeHa}l(Y cnOJbI-bHer TepeHa OKO 3rpaAa, a y 3rp3AH npOBO-
AI'ITH nponHCHe ApeHa}l{ He ueBl1.
AI{o j e HHBO ApeHa)l(He BOlle HcnoA KOTe ynH'IHor )(aRana, OHt{a ce t{pe-
HI1paHa BOt{a Mopa caKynJbaTI1 y jet{aH ca6HpHH pe3epBoap ca
11 Ot{aTne BeWTalll(HM nyTeM H36aUHBaTH nyMnaMa Ha BHCHHY nocTojel1Hx Ka-
Hana, ](aKO 611 t{aJbe OTHuana rpaBHTaUHj oM. n peMa ja'lHHH nOt{3eMHe Bot{e
y nHT. / cel{ . OApeljyjy ce BemNI1He I\peHaJ:RHHX KaHana, rYCTHHa ot{BoAHe
Mpe)l(e KaHana Kao H ja'lHHa upITI(e H npe'lHVlUH HCHcaBajyl1e H nOTHcKy-
jyl1e UeBH.
19. npet{oxpaHe npoTHBy ycnopa y l(aHaJl Cl(e Bot{e
n ocToje t{enOBH ynwlHe KaHanH3aUHje KOt{ KOjHX ce y H3BeCHO 1\06a
rot{HHe MO}l(e t{CCHTI1 t{a cy npeonrepeheHI1- npenYl-beHH, Te cTBapajy ycnop KOll
KyhHHX np]11(JbY'-Ial(a, TaKO t{a MO)l(e H333BaTH H3nHBafbe ]( aHanCKe Bot{e Kp03
OHe npHjeMHHI(e Ha t{ol-boj KyhHOj Mpe)]<H, 1(0jH ce Hana3e Hcnot{ HHBeneTe
t{o KO je ce np},}!{a ycnop H3 yml'lHor KaHana.
CJHjI<a 62 - noepaTlH1 3aTBapa4 pY4HH
3h Ta](aB cnY'laj Mopa ce Ha rnaBHOM Kyl1HOM KaHany npet{BHt{eTVI
aYToMaTcKH HnH py4HH 0t{60jHH 3aTBapa'l, KOjH MO)Ke nOTilYHo xepMeTI'llIIU]
t{a 3aTBopH npoil a3 BO,!(H HilH raCOBHMa. VI3paljeHH cy ot{ nHBeHora rBQ)Klja.
Ha Cil. 62 npHKa3aH j e p y 'l H H 3 a T B a p a 'I CMeWTeH y peBI'13HOHOM
CHila3Y - OI( Hy. .
Ha Cil. 63 BH'I\H ce K 0 M 6 11 HOB a H 3 a T B a p a lJ T. J. 3a PY4HO
H 3a aYTOMaTC](O 3aTBapal-be.
CBaKaKO lIa cy ]{oM6HHOBaHH 3aTBapa'lH ecpl.[J(aCHI1jH M 60JbH, jep no-
KpeTHH nOKilonau aYToMaTC)<H cnpe4aBa H3HeHat{He HaBane Bot{e 3a npBo
BpeMe, IIOK ce PY'-lHHM 3aTBapa'leM He OCH'fypa nOTnYHO npOt{HpaJ-be ymllJHe
)(aHailCI(e BOt{e y ]<yI1Hy Mpe)Ky.
76
TIpenopyqyje ce ynoTpe6a py4HHX SaTBapa4a J(ao cHryplHfjHX. AYTo-
MaTCI<H SaTBapaq, lrHjH ce nOKJTOnau SaTBapa nOA npHTHCKOM BOAe H3 yJTH4He
KaHanHsaUHje, MO)J(e Aa 6YAe sapH6aH
11 Aa He SaTBOpH npaBHnHO Te Aa npo-
nyulTlI BOAy. nOpeA OBe MaHe HMa Ty
npaKTHqHY CTpaHY, UlTO ce nOKJTOnau
caM saTBapa nOA BOAe TaKO,
Jla 06es6et)yje I<ylly OA H3JTeBali:>a, no-
rOToBy al(o ce HSJTHB AorO.!.\H Holly KaAa
ReMa cHrypHe I<OHTpone.
AIIH OBaj HalJHH He rapaHTyje
XepMeTl1
l
n<H 3aTBOP nOT<nonuy, Te ce
qellIlie ynoTpe6JbaBajy py4HH saTBapa411.
,lla 611 .ce KaHanHsaUl10HH 06jeKTH;
I<OjH ce Hanase HSHaA KOTe HajBeller y-
cnopa MornH KOPI1CTHTH H sa BpeMe ycno-
pa, Tpe6a HX noce6HO cnojl1TH je)(HOM BH-
UIJbOM ueBH AHpeKTHO Ha ynHqf\H l<aHan.
. ..
Q
--,;, ... _...1. __ ...1 ....
y
L.. . .. ---- L .. -- ...... .. ... ,,;
Cnl1Ka 63 - nOBpaTHH 3aTBapa'i
J(OM6I1HOBaH
OBaj 0.!.\60jHH SaTBapaq Mopa 611TH naJ(o npHCTynalJaH 3a PYKOBali:>e, a pe-
BH3HOHO OI(HO Y 1(0Me je CMeUITeH Mopa 6HTH HenponycTJbI1BO Tj. Mopa HMaTH
BOA:
.:
1
o

70
CnllKa 64 - M3nJ.BHa rpaljeBHHa Ha PC'IHOj o6anll ca )Ka6n,HM nOKnOOUeM
77
3111l0BC 1'1 IlHO 06nO)KeHH 1{0mYJbI1I.\OM, I{al{o 611 ce MOrnl'l onpaTI1
BOnOIn Y CJI}"lajy- Jla ce Hetf}fCTol1a Kp03 3aTBapaQ 113nlije y CJ.1na3 .
Vlero 1111(0 fl rpalll1nHlIlTa Koja ne)l{e JlemfMlltfHO linK y l.\elTOCTK TaKO
Jla HX MO)l(e nnaBI1TI1 Be1Tl11(a BOJla 113 peKe, He cMejy ce l(aHalTl-lcarn aKO ce
He npei\BHi\e 3alllTI1THe J\lepe npoTI1By nOTanalba KaHana . VI y OBOM ce cny-
lJajy ynoTpe6JbaBajy nOBpaTHI1 nOl<lTOnI.\H K 3aTBapa
t
llf.
Hajjei\HOCTaBHHjH je HaqHH Tal(O 3B. )K a 6 Jb ern 0 KJI 0 n ua
cn. 64. KOjl1 ce CTaBJba Ha MecTY R3mIBa rJIaBHOr l(aHaJIa y peKy. nOJ(JIO-
nau je y BHIlY jellHor JIHBeHor 3aKOUleHor KOMalla no qHjOj KOCHHH JIe)I(H
nOKpeTaH JII1MeHH nOI(JIonau. lberOBa je OCOBHHa OI( peHYTa ca roplbe cTpaHe
l.\eBH. i{aHanCI(a BOJla CBOjOM 6p3HHOM OTHuaiba Yllapa Ha JlOlbH cn0601lHH. I(paj ,
nOKnonua, nOJl I1)1(e ra H HeCMeTaHO OTHqe . y peqHO KOpHTO.
Kall y peUH Ilorye BeJIHKa BOJla OHa CBOjOM Te)l( HHOM npHTHCHe I(OCH
nOKJIOnau ca jei\HHM KOHTpa Tero c JlOlbe CTpaHe H 3aTBopK OTBOP Ha
HcnyCTY, Te TaKO cnpeql'l npOJll1palbe peKe y l( aHan . rum oBaj HalJHH HHje
TaKO Cl1rypaH, jep OCOBHHa nOKJIOnua MO)l{e BpeMeHOM Jla 3aprya, TaKO Ila
ce nOl<lTonau He 3aTBopl1 Kal(O Tpefia, na Jla BOlla H3 peKe npallpe y
HanHsallHjy.
VlcTO TaKO Mory yrHHyJIe CHTRe )KHBOTHlbe H pa3Ha raMan
HeHcnpaBHOCT <PYHKuHOHHcaiba )l{afiJber nOKJIOnua. 3aTO je fioJbe H y OBOM
cnyqajy CTaBHTH nponHCHe mlBeHe 3aTBapaqe y HapOqHTHM 03Hi\aHHM
CI1JIa3HMa.

III. 3ABPIllHH PAAOBH
20) H npHqBpwlmBalbe l(aHanH3al..\HOHli x l..\eBH y 3rpaAH
LleBH ce y rOPlboj OABOAHOj Mpe}f{H y KytHI npOBoAe Ha ABa HaqHHa:
'B H A He 113BaH ;3HAOBa H MehycnpaTlil'lx KOHCTpyHI..\Hja H y r p a lj e H e. Ca
eCTeTCl<e H xHrHjeHcl<e Taql{ e rneAHlIlTa 60Jbe je l<aA cy l.(eBH HeBHAJbHBe
Tj. YBY'leHe y 3HA H.hH 1<0HCTPYI(I..\Hjy, nOlllTO ce Ha BHAHe l..\eBH XBaTa npa-
lIlHlla H naYll HHa, a HCTO Tal<O pY)I(e npOCTOp I( P03 1(0jH npOJla3e.
CnH]{3 65
}\{n,e6onn y 3HIlY (wnnqen,,)
CmlJ(366
.ny6o"1< )IUbe6oBH
MeljynlM y npal(THlIHOM norJleAY BHAHe li,eBH HMajy npeHMyllcTBO, lIlTO
ce Hel1cnpaBHOCT [(eBH IIJ1H nponylllTalbe BOAe op}f{e ona3H II Jlal(lIle ce H ca
Mafbe lIlTeTe AOBOAH y HcnpaBHO
CTalbe. TOMe ,1300P Ha-
lI,IHa npOBoljel'ba LleBH 3aBIICH:
OJ( BpCTe rpaljeBHHe, OA onlllTe
cI1Tyal..\Hje y 3rpaAH, OA I( OH-
cTpyl<l..\Hje 3rpaAe, AeOJbHHe 311-
AOBa H ApyrHx OI<OJlHOCTH.
n pOBoljefbe BepTIIl(aJiH IHC
LleBH I<p03 3HAOBe BplllH ce y
HapOllHTHM }f{JbeOOBI1Ma Haj-
Malbe BeJll1'lHHe 12 x 12 CM. ,
I{oje Tpeoa jow npH 3HAa fbY
"
OCTaBHTH (BHAH CJI. 65). no cBpweHoj MOHTa)l(H l..\eBII, )I(JbeOOBI1 ce 3aTBapajy
paOHI..\OM HJlH TaHI{HM Ta6J1aMa OA Jlal<lIX MaTepHjaJla. OBaj je Ha'HlH AOCTa
cl<yn na ce y 3HAOBHMa Ae6JbHHe 51 CM. II Bl1l1le, OCTaBJbajy )I(Jbe60BI1 AyoHHe
25 CM. TaKO Aa ce MO)I(e orBop 3a311AaTH Onel{OM HacaTHLle, CJI. 66.
79
,Ua ce He 6H cna6HO 3H.!l H .!la ce 1136er HY )KJbe60BI1 y cnOJbHHM xna.!l HHM
npH6eraBa ce MaCI(l1paIbY - 06narafbY l.\eBH pa6111.\0M y BH.!lY
cTy6HI1a aKO j e y yf'ny 3HAoBa, caMO I(OCHM 3aCel.{afbeM yrna, en . 67.
KaAa BepTl1I(amiH BOA npona3H }(P03 6eTOHCI(Y nnolly He CMe 6HTH
y 6eToHI1paH, Beti Mopa npona311TH cn060.!laH TaI(O, .!la ce He 6H cnerafbe
3rpaAe npeHeJ10 Ha I(pTe l.{eBH. Y nnOl/H
/) ce OCTaBH OTBOP 3a 2-3 CM. UIIIpl1
-.J 11 _ Hero WTO je CnOJbHI1 npellHHI( l.{eBH
I I BH.!lH cn . 68. An l1 11 Ta Mepa Hl1je y-
Bel( .!lOBOJbHa I<ao Ha np. y npOCTopH-
jaMa ca MaCHBHHM nO.!lOM, nOWTO ce Tel(
noene MOHTa>Ke l<aHan H3al.\Hje HaHOCH
cnoj 6eTOHCI<e nOAnore 3a MaCHBHH na-
TOC 11 l.{eB oneT 6YAe y6eToHHpaHa.
Haj60Jbe je l.{eB 06aBHTH TepHca-
HOM xapn1jOM y I.{enoj .!le6JbHHH }(OH-
CTpyl(l.{Hje. XOpH30HTanHe OrpaH}(e y
cnpaTOBHMa Tpe6a npOBO.!lHTI1 Ha cne-
Aetil1 HallHH: KOA CHTHo- pe6paCTe apMH-
paHe I(OHCTpYI(I.{Hje no MoryhcTBY l.{eB
YBel< BO.!lI1TH .!lBa pe6pa en. 69
a al(O je TQ HeMoryhe, oHAa Tpe6a HI1H
I1cnoA }(OHCTpYI<I.{Hje y pa6HI.{HpaHHM
l(aHanHMa I1nHI13HaA 1<0HCTpY}(I.{Hje y H3-
paBfbaBajyhH eno j nOMore O.!l MpwaBor

6eTOHa. \1\ y OBOM je cnyllajy npeno-

PYllJbHBO .lla ce l.{eB 06aBHje TepHcaHOM
Xapl'HjoM, I<oja y HCTO BpeMe WTHTH
[J2 l.{eB 0.!lI( Op03Hje.
Tpe6a BO.!lHTH pal/yHa Aa 6eTOH-
C!1Ima 68 cl(a I( OHCTPYKI.{H ja 6Y.!le nOCTaBJbeHa 3a
nponaa LleB" I<poa TaBaHHLle TOnHI(O HH>Ke, 1<0nHI<0 je nOTpe6HO 3a
HarH6 l\eBH y O.!lHOCY Ha .!lY)l(HHY
orpaHl(a. Ta he pa3nHl<a, y HI1BeneTH DnOlle H3HOCHTH O.!l 10-20 CM.
BepTHKanRe BO.!lOBe Tpe6a DPH'IBpCTI1TH Ha 3H.!l, HapOllHTHM I(Yl<aMa
I1cnoA CBal(Or RarnasKa l.{eBH. KYKe Mory 6MTI1 06HlIHe H y BH.!ly 06yxBaT-
CnlfKa 69 - nono)f(aj XOPu30llTanHor orpalll<a
80
HI1ua, I{ao li a Cl1. 58. CI(ynJbH j e Ha
l
ll1H a,.Il H 60JbH, al(O ce ynoTpe6e 06y-
XBa1'Hl1ue, jep je ueB 60Jbe npH'IBpurheHa, l1aKwe ce BpUlH 113MeHa l.\eBH axo
Tpe6a Hal{O cy ueBH BHIl,He, l1enwe n3rl1eAajy.
XOpH30HTal1 HH 11cnOA 6eTOliCI<I1X nno'l a npH'IBpwhyjy ce 3a
n110
l
le HCTO I{ao Ha 57 nOMohy rB03)leH11X Y3eHrHja, voje Mory 6HTH
on nJbOCHaTor rBo>J<lja 3 x 20 MM. H.n H -
OA 6eTOHCI{or fBO)I<i)3 0 10-20MM. KpajeB"I1
Y3eHrI1ja ce nOBHjajy HajMaJ-be 3a 10 CM.
npel(O n.nOlle .
Ka)la XOpH30H1'al1HI1 BOA np0l1a311 I<p03
3HAHy Macy , Mopa ce 3aWTHTI1 OA 110Ma TI1Me,
UlTO He 611TIl y3HAaH Beh Mopa CJ1060AHO
np0l1a3WrJ1 "p03 OTBOP, I Oj l1 je. WHpH Hero
WTO j e npeQHI11\ ueBI1 a CTpwa ueBH
Mopa l1e)l(a1'H Ha C110jy necK3, BH)l11 Cl1 _ 71.
M36eraB<'1'11 nOJIar aJ-be l<..0pI130HTal1HHx
BOJlQBa Ha oTcTojaFbY AY)I( fJlaBHHX
Hocehl1x 3HAoBa, Beh 11 X Tpe6a y)laJbH1'H Haj-
Cmll(a 70 - KYl<c 3a lIe""
MaJ-be 3a 1,00 M. 3a 3rpaAe ca apMl1- .
CTonaMa '111je wHpHHe Mory 6HTH 2 I-I Bl1we Me-rapa,
OBal{BO Bp110 je onaCHO a '1 eCTO je H HeMorylle I(OnaTH pOBoBe 3a no-
l1araFbe BH, Beh ce npe H3paAe CTona Mopajy 1136eTOHHpaTI1 ,(a-
HaJiH nOI(pl'IBeHH apMHpaHo-6eToHC!<oM n110'lOM y Koje Ce n0110)l(e ueBI1 y C110jy
neCI(a Cl1HKa 72.
AO.opo
Cmma - 71 npona3 "P03 3111!
KO)l np0l1a3a 1'11a13HOr l(ytll1or l(aHal1a ynpaillw Ha cTony TeMeJba Ha-
Hl1a311 ce y npal(Cl1 Ha )lBa cl1y'laja.
n p3H CJ1Yllaj ce j aOJba hO)l CnOJbaWJ-bHX 311)lOBa 11 OI'I)la, ' 1(3)la je CTona
TeMeJba TOl1l1l(O I1cnO)l nO)la CYTepeHa,)la ce MO)I(e uei3 npOlleCTI1 H31'laA CTone
KP03 SHA a caMa CTona oCTaje HeowTelleHa. BI1AI1 CJ1. 73.
,D.pyrl1 j e cl1Y'laj HajqeurllH I\OA YHYTpalllJ-b)-IX 3HIlOBa 3rpaAe H. oHAa,
KaJl.a je CTona TeMeJba HemfcpeAHO I1cno nOlla CYTepeHa, Te Il,a 6H ce 1136er110
oWTetleJ-be CTone, 061111a311 ce ca KaHa110M OI<El J-be nOMolly <!>aCOHCI{HX I(OMaAa
Tal(O, Aa ueB npolj e I1cnOA CTone. BHAll cl1.74 .
AI(o ce xop)\30HTanHI1 BOAOBH y KyllH H3 pa3110ra BHCOKe B.OAe
111111 Hel{I1X Apyrl1x pa3J10ra, He Mory nOl1araTH y pOBOBe, Bell ce BOAe BI1AHO
6 Kylm3 1<3113nH331111j3
Cmll'a 73
CnllK3 75-81111HO npo-
OOljCIbC XOp"30HTanHIII(
orpanaKa II KOll9aJlaMa
82
CnHl(a 72 - Kallan" ~ LlCO>!
Cmll(3 74
Cml1(3 76 - npOBO-
Ii C'be LlCOI! no
6auKHlIaMa
Cnsll(3 - 77 3awTlITa LlCOU Oil MP3S3
KP03 nO.1\pYMe Ay>K 311AOBa, TaKBI1 cnpoBoAHMlIM 611TI1 oR J1 Ii B e H 0 r
r B 0 )I( lj a, OCJlOtbeHI1 lla jaJ(e rs03AeJ:le J(OH30Jle. CJI. 75.
AI(o je l,aHaJl'OA HepaMl141(e lIeBI1, OHAa Mopa 6MTI1 OCJIOtbeH Ha 031t-
naHe 6aHl{I1He CJlI1I(a 76. AJ(o lIeB npOJla311 BI1Alla I<p03 npoCTopMje He3arpe-
jaHe MJlI1 Tal(Be AO Koje ce MO>Ke npy>KI1TI1 YTl1l1aj Mpa3eB3, qeBM ce Mopajy
M30JlOBaTI1 cpeAumlMa 3a TepMI141(Y J'l30Jlalll1jy. To ce MO>Ke nocTMHM 11 no-
Mohy 0611QHe ApBeHe onJiaTe McnytbeHe cTpyrOTI1HOM, naMnypoM J'lJllI CJla-
MOM RIUI cy lIeBI1 06J10)l(eHe cnelll1jaJlHI1M 33 1130Jlalll1jy, CJI.
77. YonuITe Tpe6a 1136enBaTI1 cnpoBo1jetbe BepTI1HaJlHI1X BonOBa no XJlaAHMM
CnOJbaWIbHM 3I1AOBMMa.
21. HaA30p H HCnHTI1Batbe l(aHanH3alll10He Mpe>Ke
HaA30p HaA l(aHaJlM3alll1je y I(yhl-l BPWH rpatjeBHHC!<a BJlaCT.
D noqeTl(y pana Mopa ce 06aBeCTHTI1 OTCel( 3a K2IiaJlI13a!ll1j y. 3a CBe BpeMe
paAa cJlY)1(6eHI1 Opn\H 0611J1a3M 11 I(OHTpOJlI1We 113Boljetbe.- G;IliOQpeHH nJlal:lOBI1
Mopajy ce CTaBI1TI1 KOHTPOJlHMM OpraHI1Ma. Ha yrJlen. XOPI130HT2J11111 cnpOBo
AHI1UI1 y POBOBI1Ma He cMejy ce 3aTpm.BaTI1 npe Hero WTO ce HaA30pHI1 opTaH
He yBepl1 Aa je nOJiaratbe ueBI1113BpWeil0 npeMa nJlaJ:lY 11 nOCTojeHJ1M
npOnl1CI1Ma : Y npOTI1BHOM MO>Ke oBJlawhellO J11111.e HapeAI1TI1 OTI<OntB< tbe pOBOBa,
a y cJlyqajy na j(OHCTaTyje Hel1CnpaBaH paA, MO)l(e 3aXTfBaTI1 Aa ce olBope cr.o-
jeoH lI.eBI1 11 Aa ce nOHOBO CBe 113BeAe no npOnl1CI1Ma. . '
no 113BpweHoj I1HcTaJlaUl1jl1 BPWI1 ce I1Cnl1TI1Batbe I1cnpaBHOCTI1 l(aHaJlI1'
3aUI10lle Mpe>Ke. I1cUlITHBatbe I1Ma T p 11 !jJ a 3 e: n p B P ce I1cmITyje nOtba
OABOAHa Mpe)!(a npe Hero WTO ce ueBI1 3aTpnajy y pOBOBe; A p Y race BPWH
l(aAa 6YAe npooeAeHa ueJlOHynHa BepTI1J(3J1Ha Mpe>Ka, a T p e h a ce 06asJba
Ila I(pajy I(ana 6yny HaMeWTell11 CIlI1 CaHI1T8pHI1 06je,,-'n1. nOl< ce np06a He
113BPWI1 He cMejy ce 3aTBapaTH )J(Jbe60BI1 3a lIeBI1, HHTH nOJIaraTH naTOC y
rne XOpl130HTaJJHH orpaJ:lllH I1AY npeHO nJloqe.
YlcnJ11'J'lBal-be ce BPWI1 nOMOhy B O]l. e, B a 3 A Y x a, ]l.11 M a H JI J'I P a 3-
HI1X Ml1pllca. "
8-0 nOM ce BPWI1 lICnJ1TI1Batbe Mpe>Ke T<] neJll1MI1\1HO 3a nojeAl1He
rpyne BepTl1l(aJia ca orpaHUHMa a nOTOM 11 ueJle Mpe)l(e. Y Ty cllPxy 3alJene
ce COI1 l<pajtbl1 OTBOPI1, OCI1M HajBJ'lWer, I(P03 I(OjH ce HaJll1je Bona. VlCHl1TH-
Ba,be ce BPWI1 ca BOneHHM cTy60M HajMal-be BI1CHHe 3,00 Allo Y pOI<y 0)1.
15 MI1HyTa He H,!CTyne HHl(al' Be npOMeHe, 3Hal( je)l.a je HHCTaJl alll1j a I1cnpaSHa.
Sa 3 n y x 0 M i:e BPWI1 npoGa lIeJle lI.eBlie Mpe)l(e nOMol, y anapaTa ca
Ba3nYWHflM I(OMnpeCopOM H MaHOMeTpOM. AnapaT ce CTaBJba Ha jenaH 0)1.
OTBopa )1.01( ce CBH OCTaJlI1 ):IoGpo 3a'lene. np06,HI je npl1TI1Cal( 011 0,35 atm. a 3a
Bpehle on 15 MI1HyTa . UeJla ce HlicTaJiall.Hja ca CBl1Ma oojel(TI1Ma 11 CI1{pOHI1Ma
HcnHTyje TaKolje non npI1TI1C[(OM sa3nyxa, a MaHOMeTap He CMe nOKa3aTH Hla.-
l(aKBe npOMeHe 3a BpeMe 01.1; 15 MHflyTa npl1 npl1Tl1cl<y 0)1. 2,5 eM. BO]l.eHor
cTy6a (0,0025 atm.) AKO BeMa HHI(al(Bor nponYWTatba Ha l.leJloj Mpe)KH 11 BO-
neHI1 lJenOBI1 ' y CI1!jJOHI1Ma OI\p)Ke BO.Qy ( 3Hal( je I\a je lIeJla HHcTaJllll1ja HcnpaB-
Iia. C B e C e H e 1'1 c n p a B HOC T 11 Y. MaT e p 11 j a JI y 11 P a A Y Y I( 0-
111(0 611 ce nOKa3aJle, Mopajy OTI( JlOHI1TI1, a nOTOM 113-
npWI1TH nOHOBHa npooa.
22. EKCnJlOaTallHja H Onp)J(aBatbe KYHHe Mpe>Ke
HCI(Opl1WHaBatbe KyHHe Mpe>Ke Mopa ce OOaBJbaTl1 y nyxy nocTojeHl1x npo-
nl1ca Tj. l<aHaJlI13al.lHj-a ce Mbpa npaBI1J1HO ynoTpe6JbaBaTl1 He CMe ce HCKO-
pl1wTIaBanl y Ilpyre cBpxe Hero WTO je TO npaBHJlHlIKOM .QonYl}l'reHO, DHa-He
6
83
CMe I.\a 6yne ca CTpaHe OHOr I(OjM j e yn?TpeOJb8Ba I: M Jl a l\aJ( aB Ha4MH OWTe-
heHa. OBO je HYJI(HO 113 pa:mor a WTO je l(yliHa l( aHaJl M3aUMj a caMO "eo
onWTe j aB R e X I11'11jeJl e j en Jl o r H a ce Jba , Te MMaOl.\M OBMX 11H-
CTaJlal.\Hja nOI.\Jle}i(y 0!iaBc3H CJl yJI(6elie " ?IHPOJle y norJleny ynOTpe6e H onpit<a-
Balha . npeMa npaDI'IJl Hfl KY 1.\0nywTeHo j e l(aHaJlM3aJ.\HjOM OI\BOI\MTM.
I . cay YIlompe6lbeHY BOOY 00 pa3H02 IlpUlbU;
2. C6e 1l0Jlwje U pa3/'!e CIlAa'lUHe I(oje 600a JlfoJlCe oa cllupa;
3. lbyoCl(e ef(a/luje (l/6pCme u mel/He) 08IiHaecmepocmpYf(D. pa3pe1jeue
6000JI/ ;
4. anutOcepcf(e Booe (ICULWLULJ)' U omOlllbeH CHez) U
5. 1l003eJllH)' 600)' fia 0C!-/08y HapOl/Um02 0006pe/ba.
Tal(o ' jc HCTO npaBHJlHl1,' OM 3a6palhCHO y6aUHBHH Y J(aHaJll13auMjy ne-
h c o. necaK, OTn a TJ(e 0 1.\ xpaHe, I(OcJ(e, Kpne, H pa3He TBpl.\ e
npCI.\i\:leTe. 3aTHM 3 a n a H B e H e J( C n JI 03 H B HeM aTe p M j e; pa3He
x-e hi H I( a n M j e, I( H C C n H He, an J( a 1111 j C H con H; BOl.\y M APyre Te4-
IIOCTM Iw je 11Majy BHWy TeMnepaTYPY OA 35 C; sOAy OA I( OHAe3aTa OA
xnalj elha MOTopa; n e 1\ H C Her H yonwTe cse WTO 6H Morno Aa Hsa30Be
I(Bap y
Csal<H HManau l. aHanM3aUHje y l( yliH AY)J(aH je Aa oAP}I(asa tlCJlY HH-
Cl'anaUl1jy y McnpasHoM C1'alhY, 3aWTO je npeA BnaCTHMa ol.\rOSOpaH y Ay x y
npaSHnHHI{a. OH Mopa Aa ce CTapa na ce Ha speMe '1MCTe eM q) 0 H 1<1 , T a-
n 0 )[( H MUM, 0 JI Y 4 lh a U H H C n 11 B Ii A U M. Tal (o HCTO CB.1KY HCHcnpas-
HOCT HJlH I(Bap Ha MaTcpMjany OA 4era 6M HacTynHn o nponYWTalhe Te4HOCl 11 ,
l.\y)J{aH je I.\a Ha spCMe OT/(JIOI-II-I. e BnaCTI1 I1'Majy npaBO Aa Bpwe
nOBpeMeH nperneA CTalha MHCTanaU"'je Ha'lMHa OAp}l(aSalha, Aa npe)ln a}J( Y
Ka3HY MJlH Bpwe H2CI1JlfIe onpas ' e Ha pa'lyH BJl ZCIIMI( a HHCTan 2UMje.
23. OnWTH nponHcH
06 aBe 3 H 0 j c Aa ce CBal( O ca 06jel, ToM CJlOjH
ca ynwlH"'M l( aHaJlOM. lliTa BHlIl e, BJI <' CTM Mory 3axTeBanl, Aa ce
M He0311AaHa rpaAI1JUIWTa cnoj e Ha yn H4HI1 KaHan, aKO Hal)e 3a nOTpe6HO Tj .
al( O 6M M3nMBM ca 'rJla rpaAHJlMWTa WTeni n H OI{ OnHH TcpeH MJlH ynMUy.
CBaKO r paAMnl1WTe Mopa 6MTI1 Hen 0 C peA H 0 cnojeHo 3 a-
C e 6 H M M l(a HaJl OM Ha yJll14Hy l{aHaJlM3al.\Hjy. AKo TcpeHcKM Hel( H APyn l
pa3Jl03M He Aon5'UlTajy MorylHlocT AI1pel(THOr crroja, rpal)eBI1IiCI(e BJl aCTH Mory
M3y3eTHo AOSBO)J.I1TM npona3 KaHana Kp03 cyceAHY JlapueJly y3 nHCMCHH npH-
CTaHal( rpaHH4apa, Aa ce TO YBeAe H y 3eMJbI1Wlie. l(Jhl1rc.
Ha TepeT HHBeCTI1Topa AOTWlI,or rpal)eBMHCKor 06jeKTa naAa l13pal.\a H
OAp}KaSatbC uenc MpeJI(C no perynaUMoHe J111HHje npeMa ynHUI1, a OAaTne na
)l.0 yJll14Hor KaHaJla, cnaiJ,a y I.\CnOl( pyr I(OMYHanHHX BJlaCTI1.
3 a 6 p a tb e H 0 j e M3BO)l. I1TM M MC.( OpMWkaBaTH J(yi1Hy l(aHanH3aUHjy ,
6es npe1' xO)(He A03Bone O)l. BJlaC1M. fpaAHnMwTa J(oja HMGy cno-
jeHa ca SOI\OBO)l.OM 11 e AI 0 r y cc Be3MBaTM Ha ynM4HH l( aHan. Ka-
lianM3aUMjy M3BOAHTM caMO oBnaurlieml cTpY4lhaUM HnH npel.\y3eka.
3 a 6 p a lh eli 0 jc HCnOCpCl\liO cnajalhe BOAOBO)l.a ca l<ali anH3auMjoM.
CBe 3aTe'leHe CTape HY}i( HM4Ke jaMe, nOMMjape HanywTelie l( aHaJle '
Tpe6a npBo 0 4 H C T M T M, A e 3 H II cP U M paT M a nOTOM 3 a T p naT H ''''1_
CTOM 3eMJbOM.
84
IV. CAHJ.1TAPHJ.1 06JEI{TJ.1 J.1 YPEoAJJ.1
24 . OmllTH nOjMoBH H 3Hallaj
CalHIT3pHH ypel)ajH lIMHe Bpno Ba)l(aH Aeo OnlilTe caHI1TapHe TeXHHKC,
a y TCCllOj cy Be3M ca BOAOBOAOM M OHM cToje Ha fbHXOlfOj
rpaHl111I1, jep TaMO rAe ce 3aBpWaB& BOAOBl)A, OTnOtJl1fbe KaHanM3alll1ja. illTa
BMwe MO>Ke ce pel1M, Aa cy y nOTnYHoj 3aB,McHoCTM OA nocToj afba BOAOBOAa
KaHanl13allllje Kao npeAycnoBa, nOWTO 6e3 06HnHe nOTpowfbe BOAe H MO-
ryhl-locTH ollBoAa OTnaAHe BOAe, He MO)l(e 6HTH HH rOBopa 0 yB'ol)efby c3Bpe-
MeHHX ypel)aja y 3rpaA3Ma.
npeMa TOMe caHHTapHI1 ypel)ajH npeTCraBJbajy y CTB2pH 3aBpwHy
erany npl1 I1HcranHpafbY BOAOBOAa H KaHanl13alll1je. nOA CaHl1rapl-II1M ce
ypel) ajeM nOJ.\pa3YMeBajy pa3HOBpCHI1 npH60pH, Kojl1 cny>Ke y AOMaI1HHcrBY,
jaBHoj norpe611 11 I1HJ.\ycrpl1jH, 3a rOtJefbe nHjalie H 3a np"XBaTafbC 11 OTCTpa-
fbet-be ynoTpe6JbCHe H npJbaBC BOAe. calHlTapHHX ypeljaja Mory ce
Tel( y nOTnYI-IOCTH HCI(OPHCTI1TH CBa npel1Myl1cTQa H yrOAHocTH MOJ.\epHe 1111-
CTanalll1 je BOAoBOAa 11 l(aHanl13alll1 je.
Ha Taj Ha411H CaHI1TapHI1 ypel)ajl1 411He Hepa3nylll1BI1 CGCTaBHI1 J.\eo MO-
AepHor rpaljeBHHapCTBa, I(oje. Te)I01 3a WTO caBpweHl1jHM ypelj cfbeM Jby)i,CI01X
J.\OMOBa H 411TaBI1X HaCeJba . CaMO ce Ta'<o MQ)I(e crel111 nojaM 0 caBpeMeHOM
Ha'll1liY )1(l1BOTa ca CBI1Ma fberOBI1M yJ.\ 06HOCTI1Ma 11 MoryhHocTI'IMa 3a ycnewHo
OAp>KaBafbe nl1'lHe H jaBlie xl1nljeHe 11 '1l1cTohe.
Ca BarnuM II CBe neliHM nopacloM nonyn311lljc U3CeJbCUllX AleCTa
J
CBe CC Burne
noropwaoajy )f{ UBOTIHI YCJlOOU YCJICA 30Hj CI-I OCTH ryCTlI x UaCeJba, TC ce y SC3B C 'I'IIM
yocl1aoajy npofinCMH H H31-lan33e HOBIt l-I3lfltHII, K31{O J].a cc 06C36cp,u yrOll.31-1 If xHl'lfjeHcl<l1
60pa03K no HaCCJbHM3. np03 nOCnCll,Jl1l3 HarOMHJT30a.b3 JbYJlII y 36HjeH3-ryCT3 H3CCJb3,
j ccrc HCMHHOBHQ aaraljefbC MCCTa, HaCTano l-ICOnxOAHIIM )1(HBOTlUIM 1I0TpeoaMtl J(oje npaTe
60paoaK qoocI<a. .
Yoof)elbcM MOJ\.epHlIx ca""Tap"llx ypeijaja OTJ(nalbaj y ce IIa HajcllrypH)ljll IJaq"IJ,
I<al(O y3pOUIi 3araf)clba JbYACI<II X AOMODa H HaCCJba, Tal<O Ii y3pOUH pa3HHX 060JbClba.
Jl06IJT on YDoijelba CaJl>lTaplillX ypeljaja TaKoije y Yl106HOCTIJ , l1a qOOCI< liMa coc
nOTpe6c nOA PYI(OM Y COOM CTaHY coo 0110 w,:o My jc nOTpc6110.3a )1(1I00T H Ol1p)J{aDalbe
JlllqUC lJuCTohe H lJHCTol1e ceor CTaH3, a non l-IaJnOBOJb1tl lJHM ycnoDHM3.
25. BpcTe caHHTapHHx H fbHXOBa ynoTpeoa
CBojcTBa MaTepHjana 3a npoH3BoJ.\fbY
CaHI1TapHH ypeljaj H 06yxBaTajy lil1a pa3HOBpCHI1X npl160pa HaMefbeHI1X
3a 3aXBaTafbC 411CTe If npOCl1nafbe npJbaBe BOAe. Y TeXHl1'II<OM norneAY
npl160pl1 '1I1He, y CTBap", nO'ieTHa "'eCTa y l(yhHOj OliH npH-
85
x BaTajy H Aalbe cnpoBoAe y l<aHaJlI13al\Hjy CBY nplbaBy BOAY 11 lbYACl<11
Te ce Ha311Baj y H J(aHaJl I13al\ l1mnI M npl1j eMH
H
l\I1Ma.
AJl I1 I<ao WTO j e paHI.l je pe4eHO, He411CTe BOAe CBe HCTe no CBOM
CaCTaBY, r yCTlI HI1, no CBOj HM CBojcTBHMa 11 no Ha411HY l(al< O ce OAHoce Ha
I1HCTaJlal\Hj y H TeXHI11<y 360r 1'or a I1Ma J1 pa3HI1 X BpCTa, J."OH-
CTPYI<l\lij a 11 06nl1l<a j ep 3aBI1CI1 3a I{ojy ce CBpxy 3aXBaTa Bop,a
y I-bI1Ma l1i m J(aKBa ce nplbaBa Bop,a y Ibli X npOCI1ITa.
n peMa HaMeHH I<ojoj cny)J(e H l<aKBol111 OTll aAHe BOAe hOjy npHxBaTajy,
CBH ce npH60pH AlOry rpynHcaTl1 y tl eTHpl1 BpCTe H TO:
1. npufjopu u ypeljaju 3a npujeA! IiYJICliU4KUX omnaoliux 600a u fjeKanuja.
2. KYXUlbCKUX cnna4UHa.
3. .. .. .... 600e 00 YAfU6alba If npalba.
4 . CnelJujanHu npuoopu.
MaTepHj aJl OP, J(ora ce rpap'e npH60pl1 Mopa 6HHI npBoJ<JlaCaH, Tj .
no C T 0 j a H, Hen p 0 nyc T lb H B K 0 Tn 0 p a.H Ha yTHl\aj BJlar e H MO-
l<paTIHe I(HCenHHe; cpHHe CTpyl<Type K norOAaH 3a MOAenl1pal-be, a 113HaA
CBer a Mop'a 6HTK rnaAaK, paAH WTO Jlal<llIer 11 60lber KCnHpal-ba 11 OLl P>K8-
BalM y 411CT0I1K. I10CJleAIMI YCJl OB je BPJlO Ba)!(aH 06SHpOM Aa cy npl160pH
CMelllTeHH y caMHM CTaHOBHMa 3rpaLla H Y AHpeJ(THOM cy AOLlHPY ca OC060M
J<oj a r a J(OPI1CTK, ' Te Mopajy 6HTK TaKBK, Aa HCI(lbY4yjy CBal<Y Moryl1HocT
OLl H onaCHOCT OLl I(Y)!(HI1X nOCJleAHl\a.
CTora cy- sa OBY CBpXy HajnOfl:!LlHHjK MaTepKj aJl K Jla1l: 6 e Jl 0 B K Ii a
(cpajaHc), J( a M e H K H (!jlaepTOH) 11 I<.a M e HOB 11 H a (MaTepHj aJl 3a I(epa-
MH4l<e ueBI1). Y 06SI1p AOJla311 JlI1BeHO 11 MeTaJlHI1 .Jl I1MOBI1 .
Al<o cy OA neqeHOr MaTepl1jaJla, oHLla cy ca CBI1X cTpaHa, Tj. 11 ca cno-
JbaWl-be 11 YHYTpalllfbe, npeBY4eHI1 3alllTI1THI1M CJloj eM COHe KOj a ce ne4e
lia BaTpl1. Mopa 611TH OLl Tam<e paBHOMepHe CI<paMe, cjajHe 11 rnaTKe,
6e3 I1l<aKBI1X OSJleLla, 60611l\a I1JlI1 )!(I1JlI1l\a.
npl160pH oLl JlI1BetlOr npeBY4eHI1 cy caMO ca yHyTpawfbe CTpaHe
rAe ce 3aXBaTa I1JlK npOCHna BOLla, CJlojeA\ OJlOBHe ne4eHe y
IlaTpl1. Ca CllOlballlfbe CTpaHe, npeBY4eHI1 cy 3.alllTI1THI1M CJlojeM nponlB plj a-
aa Kao llITO cy: npeMaSI1 MaCHOM 60jOM 11 Jlal<OBI1Ma pa3He 60; e paLl I1 Jl en-
mer 113rJleLla.
np'l160pl1 OLl MeTaJlHI1X JlI1MOBa Kao llITO cy: l\ 11 H 1( , Me C 11 Hr 11
6 a K a p Mory ce OCTaBI1TI1 Y npl1pOLlHOM CTafbY I1JlI1 611Bajy nOHI1l<JlOBaHI1 I1JlI1
XpOMl1paHI1 paAI1 Jleniller 113fJleLla.
\l1360p npK60pa y OLlHOCY Ha MaTepl1jaJl 3aBI1CI1 Y npBOM peAY OLl BpCTe
111 HaMeHe 3rpaLl e a nOTOM OLl npl1poLle nocJla, l<ojl1 ce y fbl1Ma 06aBlba.
. Y 3rpaLlaA\a y l<ojl1Ma nOCTojl1 (360r fbl1XOBe HaMeHe) Moryti HOCT Jl OMa,
)(OJla3e pa)ll1je y 06311p npl160p OJ( JlI1BeHOr VlHalJe y CBal OM APyrOM
1I0rneAY a HapOlll1TO y Xl1rl1jeHCJ(OM, 60lbl1 cy npH60pl1 OA netl eHor MaTepl1-
jaJla, jep ce Jl al(llIe I1cnl1pajy H OLlP)!(aBajy y 411CTOTI I1 , a y3 TO Jlenille 113-
I"JleLlajy.
Y AO\\ allI1HCTBY ce 061111HO KOM611Hyje npl1MeHa 11 11 Apyrl1x
;MaTepKj aJla npeMa BpCTI1 npl160pa.
Y 3aHaCTBY II I1H.LIyCTpl1jl1 ynoTpe6a npl160pa OLl JlI1BeHor
AOJ( y 60JlHI1l\aMa 11 caHI1TeTCI(HM YCTaHOBaMa Tpe6a KOPHCTI1HI
II1CJ(lbyIlHBO npl160pe OLl 6eJlOBHHe 11 l<aMeHI1Ha .
no CSOMe 06J1I1J(Y 11 J(OHCTPYJ(l\Kj 11 , npl160pH ce pa3-
JIKI( yjy, WTO npOI1CTl1l1e OA fbl1XOBe HaMeHe 11 Ha41ma ynoTpe6e. VInal<
Dopep, CBKX Ha 113meLl pa3J1I1J(a, CBK OHI1 HMajy 113BeCHe saj eLl HHtll<e AeJlOBe
86
Kao: no C y J\ Y Y KOjy ce 3aXBaTa 'HlCTa BOlla HJlH npOCHna npJbaBa H yno-
Tpe6JbeHaBOAa; H3J1HBHH OTBOP Y AHy CYAa; BOAeHH 3aTBapali
npOTJ{BY raCOBa (CH!jlOH) yrpaljeH I(ao CaCTaBHH Aeo npH60pa }lJlH noce6aH;
Be 3 y ca BOIlOBOAOM }I OIlBOJ\OM.
YrpaljeHH CI1!jlOHH H3paljeHH cy OA HCTor MaTepl1jaJla Oil I{ora je TIpK-
6ep. ITpH60pl1 on JlHBeHOr rBo)ldja JlHBeHe aC!jlaJlnlpaHe CH(jloHe, a npM-
60pl1 Oil. 6eJlOBHHe H KaMeHa HMajy CH(jlOHK OA MeCHHra ' nOHHI{JlOBaHOr HJJH
xpOMHpaHOr. '
npeMa nOJlo)!(ajy H Ha4HHY HaMelllTalba pa3J1Hl<yjeMo IlBe Bpcre npH-
60pa: C l' a j ali e ca HoraMa H OCJlOHLleM Ha non H B H C e Ii e OCJJOfbeHe Ha
3HIl nOMoliy Hap04HTHX 3HIlHHX HO)!{HLla (I<OH30Jla) .
26. npHOOpH 3a npHjeM HY)!(HHlII<HX OTnallHHX BOlla (l\lel(aJIHja)
a) HY:JICHUljU (KA03emu)-
OEm cy npH60pH HaMelbeHH 3a Bpwelbe HY)l<Ile H cna.u;ajy, l(al(O no CBOjOj
I( OHCl'PYI(LlHjH, Tal(O H y 1J0rJleAY TeXHHl(e CnHpal:ba, y HajCJJO)!(eHHje H Haj-
aa)!(HHje caHHTapHe yperyaje. OBO npOH31la3H H3 caMe npHpOAe HY)!(HH4I<HX
BOlla, I(oje cy Haj3araryeHHje. YCJleA BeJJHI<or npo-
LleHTa TpyJbHBHX OpraHCI(HX omaAaKa, I{ Ojll oAajy .
CMpaAHa H I(Y)!{Ha Hcnapelba. Y3 TO CaAp)!(e op-
raHCl(e KHCeJlHHe Oil ypHHa (MOI( pane), l(oje Tpe6a
'AOBOJbHO pa36na)I(HTH 11 4BpCTe OTnaTHe OJ\ H3MeTH
(6naTO), l(ojll 3aAajy TeWI<One 3a ycnelllHo HcnH,-
pafbe npH60pa. 3-aTO KOHcpyKLlHja Hy-
)!{ H H I( a MOp a 6 H l' II l' a l( 0 no A e 1Il e H
.u;a 06es6eryyje y HajBelioj MepH KaKO
x H r H j e H C I( e s a x l' e B e o.u; p )!( a B a Ib a 4 H-
cTolie, T'al<O TeXHIIlIl(e saXTeBe CHa-
)!( H 0 r H C n II p a Ib a H C H r y p HOC l' II H C-
n p a B HOC l' (jl Y H I< LlI1 0 H H C a Ib a. OBO j e H a-
P04ATO Ba)!(HO CTora, lIlTO ce Mo.u;epHH HY)!(HHUII Ha-
Jla3e y caMHM CTaHOBIIMa 3rpaAa, y3 cTaH6eHY
c06y, Te OBO npellMylicTBO MOJ\epHHX CTaHOBa MO)!(e
6HTH y IICTO BpeMe H l(Y)!(HH H3BOP, aKO HHCy
,ll06pe 1(0HCTPYI(LlHje Hal(O ce He Mory npaBllnHO C1IIIKa 78 - I-13r1lell KJJOSeTa
HcnllpaTH H o.u;p)l<aBaTH y lJHcroiHl.
ca IIcnllpalbCM
Hy)J(HHlJJ(H npll60pH AaHac y ynoTpe611,
npeTCTaBJbajy caBpllleHY 1(0HCTPYI(LlHjy ca yperya-
jeM 3a .HCnApalbe BOAOM H BOJ\eHIIM (xHllpaynH4HHM) 3aTBapa4eM npOTHB npo-
,llHpalba raCOBa y oJ\eJbelbe. OBal(BH HY)!(HHLlH cy y ynoTpe611 Tel( Oil ocaM-
. lleceTllx rOAHHa npolllnor Bel(a, npBH nYT J(OHCTpYHcaHH y EHrnecl\oj, Te
QTYlla H Hoce HMe "eHrneCI(H (Cn.78).
npe lbllX 6111111 cy y ynoTe61! aacrape1l11 mnOBII nOli liMe HOM '"eYBII 1(1I03eTH" 6C3
HanpaBe 3a IIcnllpmbc H lIallae y np"Menll y naCeJbIlMa 6C3 BOIlOBOlla H l{ana1lH3a1\Hje 06114no
CMCl1ITeHR yenopclIHOM I(pllny 3rp3l\C. Cn, 79. OBal(aB THn MO)!(e enY)!(IITU 113a BllwccnpaTHc
3rp3l\c. Y TOM cy cnY4ajy nojclIlllIH HY)!{lfH1\II cnojcHl1 ea 3ajcIIIHI'lI(OM OIlDOAHOM
lleBII 110 HYlKHII'lI(C jaMC. l1al(O npu60p UMa nOI(JJOnall, IInal( raeOBII nponasc, nowTO je
OIlBOlllla 1\eB y Allpel<Tlloj Beall ca jaMOM.
Hel(all cy 611nll y ynoTpe6H lIapO'lIlHI CYBH I(JJOSCTII ca nOKpeTHIIM nOIl1\IIMa 3a npa-
)l{lbeIbC. n ocnc CBaKe ynoTpc6c nOH1\1I cy saCllnaHII nene1l0M unu nCCI{OM paAII yrywclba
CMpalla. Jlouall j c 6HO CMCl1ITcn y HapO'lItTH caHAYI( ca nOKJlOnllCM, I(oju je CJJ)')KO [{30 CC-
AlllUTe. Tal(llB callAY" GIIO j c 113paljcH y BHAY CI(P"IbC, I(ao II ocraJIII "ytiHII H3McuI'raj .
87
Tal o l-iC'ro Y MeCTI1Ma rJ.\e HeMa 14 BOtlOBOAa, j OW. y8eK
je y ynoTpe6H 06114aH 1I0JbCI(H HY)KHHI{ , HspaljeH HaJ.\ CaMOM HY)KHHlfKOM ]aMOM
Y BI1J.\Y Mane l<ylil1llC 031.ltlaHe Otl onel<e HnH 0A tl pBeHe rpalje. YHYTpa ]e
113pal)eH Ca HtlYK Ca cetl HWTeM 14 nOl<nOnueM. JaMY Tpe6a nOBpeMeHO 4}1CTHTI1
H TO npeTCTaBJba Bpno He4HCT 11 CMpatlaH nocao, nOWTO Ce Y OBaRBHM ]a-
MaMa Hana3e KOH1.\eHTpHcaHH : 113MeT 14 MOKpali a, 6e3 Hl(aKBor pa35na)l(eRoa
BOAOAl . Vi s I.ICTHX p&snora nOJbCKI1 nY)KHI1UH CTaJlllO Otlajy HenpHjaTaH CMpatl
11 aKO ce He na3H Ha I-bWXOBy 'JI'lcToliY 14 tla OTBOP Ha CetlHUJTY He 6Ytl e yaeK
n0KJ1 0nJbeH, MYBe lie paSHOCI1TH He4HcTony 14 KY)KHe l(nHue.
Ma l(omil<O Aa nOJbC"" Hy>I(HIIlIII He OAronapajy x lirHjeHCI(HM nOTpe6aMa, l1Oal( ce
ca TOM l l HitlCHHUOM Tpe6a nOMHpH"PH, nOWTO j e J.I Ll 3Hac oBaj n m HY>I(RH'I(a aLlOMakeH no
BalliUM l-I aCCJbHMa.
OCTaje jow jetl HHO tla ce 1-lacTojH Ha TOMe, tla ce 6ap n050Jbwa caMa
I(OHCTPYKQl1ja.
Ha cnHUH 226 tl aT je HaupT w--06jawl-belbe jetlHor xHrl1jeHcKor nOJbCJ!or
1IY)I(HI1I(a. n060Jbwalbe Y nopeljeRoY ca 06114HHM je Y TOMe, WTO je npl1MelbeH
mn Hap04HTe jaMe 143 ABa Aena T3B.
"CenTl1tfl(e jaMe." (6nl1)K11 je onnC AaT
Y Ta4, 69).
0) HY:JICHU'lKU npocmop
npOCTop 3a cMewTaj HY)I(HI141\ HX
ypeljaja Tpe6a Aa oJ:(rOBapa CBHM XHrl1-
jeHCI(I1M yCnoBHMa., nOWTO HY)l(HHI( HHje
BHlIIe HeKO sa6a4eHo H CI( pHBeH13 MeCTO,
Bell caCTaBHH J:(eo CTaHa HnPl jaBHHx no"
I(ana. Y OJ:( HOCy Ha CTpaHe CBeTa, HY)l(HH-
'IKe npOCTope Tpe6a npeJ:( BHljaTH npeMa
ceBepy PI yonwTe npeMa ceHOBHToj CTpa-
CnHKa 79 - eYBII I<n03CT HH 3rpa}:( e. HajBa)I(HHje je 05e35eJ.\HT11 J:( H-
. peKTHO OCBeTJbelbe H MorynHocT npOBe-
TpaBMba. BenH4HHa npOCTopa 3a j eJ:(aH HY)I(HHI( Mopa 6wra HajMalbe 0,90/ 1 ,20 M,
nOli Mopa 6HTI1. lla ce npaTH. OJ:( MOTepHjana sa nOll
1l0na3e y 063HP: ueMeHTHH nOll Ca " OWYJbHl\OM, Tepauo H Iln04Hl\.e. He CMe
ce CTaBJbaTH oneKa IHITH acqlanT HnH ApBO. TaKo HCTO 14 110
1,30 M. Tpe6a Ila cy nOlieweHH sa npalbe, npeMasH'BalbeM MaCH OM 60jOM 14
nal(OBHMa HnH ce 06na)I(Y eMaJbHpaHHM nn04HuaMa. 60ja Ha 3HllOBHMa Tpe6a
Aa .ie CBeTna. BpaTa BenHlJHHe 0,65/ 1,95 M. Mopajy Ce oTBapaTH yHyTpa I al' 0
614 ce ' cnpe4Hno npollHpalbe Basllyxa 113 HY)l(HHllI(Or npOCTopa y
CTaHa, " OjH 614 6110 noa.YlJeH 3aMajHHM J:(ejcTBoM oTBapalbY Kpl1na
y nOJbe . .
l{aJ:( rOJ:( je Moryl1e, 1l06po je npellBHAeTH Hcnpell HY)I(HHlIKOr npocTopa
jow jeliaH MalbH npelinpocTop l(aO HsonauHjy. 3a rpynHe HY)KHHI<e 14 aKO ce
y 11Y)l(HHK ynasH Ca CnOJbHe cTpaHe, OBaKaB npocTOp je HeonXOll<' H. Y npBOM
cnyllajy TIoTpe6aH je Bel1r1 npelinpoCTop paJ:(H Moryl1HocTH paSMewTaj a noie-
l(a6HHa, a y llpyroM cny4ajy Kao SaIllHlTa OA yTHlIaj a Mpa3eaa. 'Y
110MeHYTHM npelinpocTopHMa CTaBJba ce 06H4HO MalbH YMHB<i OHHK a MO)Ke
J:(OI1H 11 I1HC?ap. npelinpOCTOp J:(06po BeHTHnHpaTH nOMony OTBopa y SHAY H
KaHana, KO]'" ce HSBOlle H3BaH I(pOBa. BenHllHHa OTBopa YSHMa ce 0,10 M2
wa 1,00 M3 npocTopa . OBO HCTO Ba)1{H 11 sa CaM HY)IUII1
l
ll(l1 npOCTOp Ha@
HMa nposop, Jep OTBopeH nposop lJeCTO MD)I(e npOH3BeCTl1, . npOBeTpa-
88
Bal-ba y nOJbe, cynpOTHO AejcTBo, Tj. nOTHChf1Bal-be CnOJbalUl-ber Ba3.llyxa y
yHyrpalUl-bH npocTop a OAaTJle y CTaHPeHe npoCTopHje. OBO AlO)l{e Hactynynl
y AaHe H no BeTpOBHTOM 3a npOBeTpaBal-be RY)!(HHKa Ba-
)I{Hl1j e je OABeCTH nO!(BapeH Ba3AYx, Hero AOBeCTH CBe)!(.
OCBeTJbel-ba H npOBeTpaBal-ba 3a HajMal-bH HY)!(HHlJKH npoCTOp AO-
BOJbaH je np030p BeJlHlJI1He 0,40 M2. BeliH HHje nOTpe6aH, jep ce nOBel'ial-beAl
3aCTa!(JbeHe nOBP.IUI1He, nOBeliaBa 3HMH yTHuaj Alpa3eBa H Moryl'iHocT 3aMp3a-
Balha HHCTaJlaUHje, a JleTH npH oTBopeHHM np030pHMa y Bel'ioj AlepH npOAHpe
TOnJlOTa H l-beHO HcnapaBajyl'ie AejcTBO.
np030pH Ha HY)I{HHl.lHMa Tpe6a Aa cy ABOCTPYI{O 3;1CTaI<JbeHH; Y TOMe
ce He CAle IUTeAeTH, nOIUTO H3 Tora MO)l(e npOH3Hl'iH Belia IUTeTa Oil, 3aMp3a-
Balba BOAe y CHq)OHY H ypel)ajHMa 3a HCrlHpal-be.
CnHl(a 80 - l(eBaCTII rpymlll IUI03CT
BpaTa Tpe6a Aa cy Y ropl-beM AeJlY OCBeJJbelbe
npempOCTopa. D0MOliy AynJlHX BpaTa yMal-byje. ce )I.ejCTBO Heje)l.Hal(Or
AyulHor npWfHC!(a 11 C'fBapal-be Ba31\YlUHHX CTPYja Oil, HY)I<HHlJ1{HX npOCWpHja
y OCTaJle )I.eJlCiBe 3rpaAe.
HY)!(lf}IlJl(H npOCTopH Mory 6HTH noj eAI1HalJHH H rpynHH.
HapO'lllTY BPjTY rpynHllx 'lUlle T30. 11 e B aCT 11 I( JI 0 3 C T H 3a jaBHY ynoTpc6y
(KacapHC pal\liOlIlIl1e II CJI.) . HaslIB cy 1\061UJ" no TOMe, urro ce 81,!"e HYlKIIII QI(IIX tuOJha
MOHTllpa lIa jCIIHY sajeI\HII'lKY nOJlOlKeHY l1eB." urro cc ){cnl1paJY lIaJellaHnYT CBU JlCTOBPC-
."CIIO ){3 JCARor pe3epBoapa 3a IIcnJ<palbe, KOJ" ce aYToMaTCI(1I nOBpeMeHo npaSIHI.
Ha CJl. 80 nplO(aSaH je TaKaB jel\aH HYlKHHK. Ha Kpajy OIlOOlla HaJlaSH ce I\BOjHH
C"!jIOH. Y roplheM ce ACJlY nOM oily cHljIol'la ollp)J(aBa sajcIIIIlI'tI(a OIlBOl\lIa l1eo .noll BOIIOM,
89
1(30 H j enaH JleO CaMI1X nCBK003 1lI0lba. Ambll CH$OIl CJ1Y)IUf
,
na npH tiCnHpalhY He HaCTynu
HC,{CaOa'be roplber LleBaCTor lien a . 3a Deify CHrypHoCT roplb" lIeo cHl!JoHa je Beaa" jellno"
nCHTIUlaU,lIOJ-I OM uCOqHl.{OM 3a peacpnoap TaKO, na lfl1M OOM Y tbCMY cnanue HcnOA ywha
UCOl.{JI-UC, ooa ce ocn060AH H cnoju ca cnoGoAI-l J-Ii\l 03anYWHHM npHTl1'CKOM, Te CC Y Cl1tPO
H
Y
cnpc'HI HCfICaOaJbC,
rpaAC ce Oil mIBenor rso>Kija IInH Oil KaMClloaHHe. Qaaj ce CHCTeM CMaTpa aa aaCTapeo
II CDC CC MaJbC npHMCI'byj c, n olUTO ll CO CHerCM UCI(O ep CMC OCTaje 6e3 HC!lHpafh3 Ca HCqUCTOhOM
y u.ceaCTOM Aeny; 3anJhycKHOaJbe y UmpOJ(HM neOI(OBIlMa HCMHHOBHO j C, a BenHKH npelfHUI(
LleaH CTamlH je "aMaLl aa y6aLlllaalbC pas""x Cl'pa'HIX npCIIMeTa Oil qera ce aarywll Lleo
CHCTCM .
.ll.aHac ce cnajaJ-be BflWe ](n03eTa Ha jeJl HY XOpJof30HTany, jep l(a)1
ce 3aryu1I1 nOCne)1J-bJof , JofCTOBpeMeHO cy Jof 3BaH ynoTpe6e Jof CBJof OCTanJof, a y'(O-
nJofI(O ce HeMO)I(e Jof 35e1'iJof, CBaIU! ce npJof50p noce5Ho JofcnJofpa. Cn. 81.
6) KA03enlU ca ucnUpaJbeM
OBa BpCTa npeTCTaBlba HajycaBpwerll1jJof TH'n HY)!(RHKa Kal(O y XJofTHjeH-
CKOM norne)1Y O)1p)l(aBaJ-ba y 'IHCTOI1H Jof 05e30eljeJ-by Oll cMpaAa Jof 1()I(HOr
AejCTBa, Tal(O Jof y npaKTll'l HOAI no-
rne)1y yAooHe rfoTpe5e. npll 05pa)111
MO)1ena nona)!(e ce na)!(lba )1a WTO
nelTwe Jof3rneAajy no CnOlbaWJ-beM 0-
5nJofI<Y, jep 'IJofHe caCTaBHIl Aeo ype-
ljeHllx l<ynaTJofJla, 'IlljJof ce npOCTop
CTaBlba HellocpeAHO y3 cnaBal'iy c05y.
Cllllpal'iH ce Ha3HBajy cTora, WTO ce
nOMol'iy HapOqHTOr ypeljaja Mory BO-
AOM HCIlHpaTH y l(aHanH3aUJofjy, a y
11CTO BpeMe BOAeRJof CTy5 y yrpaljeHoM
CJof<jJOHy Cnpe'laBa npOAJofpaJ-be raCOBa
y OAelbeJ-be.OBaI(BJof HY)\(HHI..\Jof
AOI'iH y 053Jofp y 3rpa)1aMa ca
BOAOM H KafianJof3al..\JofjoM. rnaBHJof ca-
CTaBHJof AenOBH cy: no c y A a HnH
I( n 0 3 eTCKa WOlba 3a npHjeM
CnKKa 81 _ rpynHH ,<110aeT ca nOCe61111<11 <jJel(anHja H y P e Ij a j 3 a Jof C n Jof-
p a J-b e.
HcnHpa.beM
0)1 CBJofX BpCTa OBJofX WOlba Haj -
BHWe OAroBapajy CBOjOj CBpCH WOlbe
OA <jJajaHca j ep cy XHrJof jeHcKe, nal(O ce nepy H neno Jof3rne)1aj y. AnJof 350r
Bel'ie 'IBpCTJofHe, 'IeCTO ce ynoTpe6lbaBajy WOlbe 0)1 KaMeHOBJofHe HnJof nJofBeHOr
rBO)!(lja, HapO'lHTO y j aBHJofM HY)KHHUJofMa, cTaHHuaMa H HH)1YCTPHCI(HM 3rpa-
):laMa, rAe je npaJ(TJof'lHa cTpaHa Ba)!(YJofja OA CnOlb'lber H3rne)l3.
. Y. XHrJofjeHcl(oM norne)1Y HajMaJ-be O)1rOBapajy WOlbe OA nHBeHor rBO)l(lja,
Jep eMajn nonyWTa, A06Jofja llyl(OTJofHe y Koje 3aCTaje MOI<pal'ia Jof
He'lHCTol'ia, Te WOlba y5p30 nOCTaHe 3aMa3aHa.
Y H3paAJof H npO)1ajH HMa MHoro pa3HJofX MO)1ena 11 <jJa5pJofl<an wOlba,
yrnaBHoM, no CBOM 06nHI(Y 11 1(0HCTPYKUJofjJof Jof Ha'lJofHY JofcnJofpaJ-ba pa3nJof-
KYJY ce ABa OCHOBHa THIla: T alb H pac l' H 06nHI( 11 neB I( a C T-Jof .
2) T a Ib H pac T H T H n, npJofKa3aH Ha cn 82, RajBHwe je y ynoTpe5H,
Ma)1a HMa nopeA A05pHX H nowe CTpaHe. WOlba je Jof3paijeHa 113 jeAHor KO-
MaAa ca yrpaljeHI1M CJof<jJOHOM npeqHHI(a e 100 MM. 1<ojH qHHJof jeAHY l..\enJofHy
90
ca 1ll0JbOM. fOPlba 1ll0Jbe I13Bell.eHa je ca 06nl1M py60M, a !lHO je y
06J11my nmlTKor TalbMpa, y KOM ce YAy6JbeibY Hanaal1 CJloj BOAe 011. 2-3 CM.
Jla ce cnpelUl nenJbelbe I13MeTH. BHcHHa BOlI.eHOr CTy6a y cH<\leHY Tpe6a Aa
je HajMali>e 50 MM. WOJba I1Ma je.l\aH J{nl1 .l\Ba OTBopa - rpnl1tlaj roplbl1 npll
npxy CJly>KI1 3a Beay ca I1cnllpalll{OM l.\eBI1 J-t3 pesepBoapa a .l\Ofbll Ha y3BH-
illeHOM lI.eny cM<\loHa HMa lien 11 cny-A<H 3a O.l\rYlllelbe CH(pOHa .
G6nl1K 1ll0Jbe je H3Be.l\eH 1:aKO, Aa npll cmlpalbY CBa yHYTpalllli>a CTpaHa
1lI0Jbe 6YII.e 06nHBeHa BO.l\OM. npH Cnl1pali>Y ce Mna3 BOlI.e noll.enH y roplbeM
CnllKa 82 - TalbHpacTe KJI03eTCKe mOlbe
rpJlHliy Ha .l\Boje. je,l\aH .l\eO BOlI.e ce cjYPI1 .l\HpeKTHO y TalbHpaCTO YlI.y6Jbeli>e
1-1 nOTI1CHe H3)leT y CH<\lOH, a .l\pyrH .l\eo npona3H yHaoKono py60M 11 06nHBa
I.\eny 1ll0JbY, a OJUTne y OABOII.HY J{aHanl13aI.\HOHY l(eB. Y HCTO ce BpeMe
06HOBH BOlI.a y TalbHpaCTOM y.l\y6JbelbY H y CH<\lOHY.
HenOBOJb.Ha cTpcrna OBor THna je y TOMe, IllTO ce MO)Ke .l\eCHTll Aa
OCTaHY TparOBH Helll1CTol're y TalbHpaCTOM Aeny 1ll0Jbe HnH ce H3seCTaH Aeo
113MeTH nOTHcHYTe Mna30M BO.l\e, nenH Ha cynpoTHH 31111. 1ll0Jbe. GBa OI{OnHOCT
H3HcKyje CTanHO O.l\p>KaBalbe OIl.BO.l\HOr .l\ena 1ll0Jbe y lIHCTolil1, lI.a ce He
yxsaTH H 3aJ(opH H3MeT, J(OjH ce MO)Ke nOCJJe yKnoHHTH caMO xeMHCKJ-tM
cpell.CTBHlIla. He.l\OCTaTal{ je Tal{olje y TOMe, IllTO BO,l\eHH 1I1na3, MelbajyliH
Harno npasal( y TalbHpaCTOM lI.eny 1ll0!1be, ry6H y HeKonHKO HcnHpalll<y cHary,
lloTpe6HY .l\a ce caBna.l\a I{OneHO y CH<\lOJq, Te H3MeT MOII{e 3aCTaTH AenOM
BH.l\Jbll.aa y CI1<\lOHY.

en HI( a 83 - J1eOI(aCTe Kn03eTCI(e
Y .l\06pe CTpaHe npHnHcyjy HapOllHTO neKapH no 60nHHl(aMa MoryliHocT
1<OHTpOnHcalba H3MeTH y MeAIIl(I1Hcl<e 3ApaBCTBeHe CBpxe, a TaKO HCTO HCI(Jby-
qeHa je MoryliHocT 3anJbYCI(HBaiba npJbaBOM BOII.OM.
91
0) Jle8KacnlU nm 1Il0Jbe npHJ<a3aH j e Ha CJl . 83. WOJba I1Ma 06JlI11<
Te je HCnJ1parbe 60Jbe 11 ca MarbH '\ YTPOlllliOM BOll.e, j ep HeMa
npeJl OMa BO):leHor MJla3a I( ao KO):l 1'afbHpacTVlx, a rnOJba
je 06JlHBeHa n!il aBHJlHHje H HcnHpa ce 03ro Ha HH)f(e
no YHYTpaulI-boj nOBplllHHH. BpJlo j e Ba)I( HO
1(0):1 OBo r THna nO):leCHTH Haj60JbH 06JlHI{ JleBf(a H
npopa4YH l( pHBI1He, j ep aKO TO He ycne, HCnHparbe
MO)l{e ):Ia 6Y):le HenOTnYRO, a nOlllTO je pe3YJlTaT
HCnHparba - BH):IJbHB, Mopa ce nOHOBHTH. MeijyTHM,
OCHOBHH je 3aXTeB 3a CBe HinOBe cnHpal'iHx l<JlOSeTa,
):Ia ce HCnHparbe 06aBH je):lHI1M nOTe3arb6M, l( aHO 6H
ce H36erJlo HeyrO):lHO 4eHarbe ):Ia ce nOHOBa HanyHH
CnHKa 84 _ pesepBoap ca BOt\OhL
t{J] 03CTCI<C WOJbC BeJlHKH je naK He):lOCTaTaK OBor THna Moryll-
1-IOCT 3anJbYCKHBarba npJbaBe BOile H3 CHlj>oHa, BPJlO
HeyrO):lHa H onaCHa Ol{OJlHOCT Hap04HTO 3a oc06e ca OTBopeHHM xeMO-
pOI1i1HMa. ,Ua 6H ce oBaj HeilOCTCTal{ YI{JlOHHO a ):Ia ce Sa):lp)l(H nOBOJbaH
JleBI{ aCT 06JlHK 1Il0Jbe, KOjH oMoryllaBa npaBHJlHO HcnHpafbe 1Il0Jbe H HCI{JbY-
tlyje MoryhHocT saMa3HBarba H 3acToja H3MeTa H-a 3H):IOBe 1Il0Jbe, (ORCTPY-


___ J
C;un<a 85 - MCl1canajyhe .<n03CTCKC WQJbe
HcaH je jeAaH HapO'lHTfj nm je3u
t
lQCmUX 1Il0lba, 1(0):1 I( OjHX je HCI(JbY4eflO
3anJbyel( HBarbe. je3H
t
lacnl j aKo 113604eHH ):leo , He A?3BOJbaBa nOrJleA y CHq)OH
1-1 eHal KHO IiICmlpa CynPHTHy cTpaRy 31ma Ha I<OJI1 na):la H3MeT, Te 1Il0Jba
ocraje yBel{ tJHCTa. BHAH CJl. 84.
92
HajHOBltjl1 B6mm 1ll0Jbe je TSB. ucucaaajy1iU mun HOll Hora je o6nHK
cMq)OHa T31,0 113BeAeH, Aa lIOther nOBMjeHor Aena HClfCalla-
jylTe ltejeTBo, 4MMe ce nocTtl)\(e Haj60lhe M MCnMpathe WOJbe.
SHAM en. 85.
CnHHa 86 - JhlBcne 1(j IQ3eTCl<e 11IQJbe'
Ha Cll. 86 Billie ce 1ll0Jbe 01\ J1I1BeHOr rBO>Klja, Koje ce gasml\(yjy OA
AO calla nOMeflYTHX TI1Me, lllTO cy H3paryeHe M3 ABa I<OMaAa: ropthe
nocYAe - 1ll0Jbe H 11I1BeHOr cH!jloHa, Ha caCTaBy jeAHor Apyror Aena,
craBJba ce OllOBHI1 . nHCT. Kao lllTO je Bell HanpeA pe4eHO, ynOTpe6a MM je
orpaHMlIeHa 11 yonlllTe y CBaKOM nOrlle)lY 3aocTajy M3a cjJajaHcFHx WOJba.
3a l<yllHy ynoTpe6y ynoTe6JbaBajy ce Ha jBHllle TathMpaCTOr nina a 3a B030Be
H 6pOAOBe lleBl<aCTor 6es CHcpOHa.
1j) /JaCKa 30 ceiluullne, 3a ca)la je APBO CKO'pO je)lHHH MarepHja1l3a
ce}l,I'llllTa M TO TBpAO }l, pBO VaG: jaceH, KpylllKa H Cll. HnM yl<plllTeHO-
Yl(pylleHo }l,PBO (lllnep-nll04a) M3 BMllle cllojesa, rOptha CTpaHa je nOllHTMpaHa,
"'1114 o60j eHa 6elloM MaCHOM 60jOM JJaKOsaHa. nYl<CY3Ha H3pa}l,a je npesy-
'leHa L\ellynoHAoM M CBal<aKO llpeTcTasJba HajcaBpllleHMjy 06paAY, a TaKO
HCTO HajBI1111e oArosapa y xHmjeHcKoM nOrlle}l,Y. UellYllOH}l, je rna}l,al<, CMe ce
npaTH H lleno H3rlleAa. Y HosHje speMe y3paryyjy ce Ce)lMlllTa O}l, nllaeTH4He Mace.
Ha Cll. 87 nOl<a3aHH cy pa3HM 0611ML\M. Haj60JbM 06mm je y
OBallHor npcTeHa. nOBplllMHY }l,pseTa rpe6a cseCTH Ha HajMalhY Mepy, nOlllTO
APBO ynMja Hcnapelha H norO}l,Ha je nOAllora 3a XBaTalhe !<y)\(HHX HllHua. Y
TO)\ L\MJbY Y nOClleJJ.the BpeMe yse}l,eHe ey, Hapo4MTo 3a rpynHe HY)!(HMl(e,
YMecTO L\elle Aacl(e, caMO Ase AalllYHL\e-YMeTKa ca 06a}l,se cTpaHe Ce}l,I1111Ta,
93
1'e je APBO Ha Taj HalJlfH cBeAeRO Ha MIfHI1MyM a TaKO I1CTO If MorytiHoCT
KBametba Aacl<e. CJl. 88.
Y mKOJlaMa, IfHTepHaTIfMa If CJlHlJHHM yCTaHOBaMa CTaBJbajy ce Koce
mOJbe ca ABa yMeTI<a, Te ce THMe RCKJb)Alyje MorytiHoCT neH;atba Ha mOJby.
BI>!){If CJlHKy 89. Y uHJby 'IYBatba
AaCKe, MO)l{e ce CTaBIfTIf Ha cynpoTHI1
Kpaj jeAaH npOTI1B-Ter, TaKO Aa ce
Aacl<a nOCJle ynoTpe6e caMa nOAI1)1{e,
aJlIf cy Ta1<Be AaCKe rnOMa3He 11 He-
3roAHe 1f3 Apyrl1x pa3J1ora.
- __
06ID1aH TIfD AacaKa IfMa ABa
Aena: ceAl1lliTe 1(0 je ce MO)l{e nOAHIHI'
nOMoHY MaCIfBHIfX nOHHKJlOBaHIfX
mapKIf If HenoKpeTaH Aeo KOjlfM je
ceAlfmTe nplf'lBpmt;eHo nOHIfKJlOBa-
HRM 3aBpTtblfMa 3a caMY mOJbY CJl 90 .
.[lacl<e naK OBaJlHO-npCTeHaCTor 0-
OJlRKa, HeMltjy nOl<peTaH Aeo, Bet;
cy U3 reAHor I<OMaAa 1f nO,1{H>Ky ce
CaCBJ-IM 1f3BaH mOJbe HapO'lIfTlfM flO-
HIfKJlOBaHIfM HBa'llfuaMa, Te je JlPB(}
Cmma 88 - .(:IpOCH" YMeTl\H YMCCTO lI.aCKC y MatbeM AOAIfPY ca IfCnapetblfMa If
):{y)l{e Tpaje. CJl. 87 .
.[lacl(e Mory HMaTIf jom If nOKJlOnal:\ aJlI1 je Henpal{TIf'lHO, jep ce TI1Me
nOBeti " Ba nOBpllIHHa ApBeTa. DplfMetbyje ce y jeAl1l!o 360r JlenllIer
l1?r1JeAa. YOITllITe ApBeHa ceA,,! llITa npeTCTaBJbajy jeAIfHo cJla60 MeCTO MOAepHI1X
,.IY)KHl'lqI<I1X ypeljaja. Belil1Ha AacaJ{a, aKO ce He na31i Ha 'IlfcTofiy, y6p30
QI3
o 0
o 0 g
en. 89 - I{oca KJl03eTCI(a WOJba Cn , 90. WapKc " aaOpTIb>I sa l\aCKC
nO'llftby Aa ce KBape; APBO 6y6pl1 OA HCrrapetba, ce AeJlOBH, nO,1{HO-
pymaBajy 11 OAJlenJbyjy, Te ueJla AaCKa A06lfja 3aMa3aH 11 nenpl1jaTan 1f3rJleA
300r Tora I1X Tpe6a 'Iemtie MelbaTIf . .[la 61f ce (jJajancHa 1lI0Jba ca'lYBaJla OA
KBapa 11 YAapa npl1 cnYllITatbY AaCr{e, Tpeoa ca AOtbe cTpaHe npl1'1BpCTI1TI1 y
npaBUy 060Aa 1lI0Jbe, ABa ryMeHa nOAMeTa'la Y BHAY AyrMeTa.
e) Ype1jeju 3a ucnupalbe HY:CHuKa
Hcnl1patbe HY)l{HI1Ka He CMe ce BPllIl1TIf HenocpeAHO 113 BOAoBOAHe Mpe)Ke
300r Moryt;er npOAl1patba KJllfua, Koje 611 3araAHJle nlfjaliy BOAY,
Bell ce n'OTpe6Ha KOJl1f'lIfHa BOAe sa IfCTIl1patbe Mopa npeTxOAliO H3Jll1TIf y
94
HapOllJ1T1-! CYA, peaepBoap, HaBaH H]')l{HIi'IKe 1I10lbe, H.Tel< OnaTJle jeAHeM ueBH
nOBeCTH no 1I10lbe. }1ayaeTaK 'IHHe HajHoBHjH arrapaTH 3a HcnHpalbe 6ea pe-
aepBoapa, llHja je KOHCTpyKL\Hja' TaKBa na je HCKlbY'leHa MoryflHOCT aaraljelbll
BOAe. 0 TOMe he 611TH BHlI1e pe'lH KOA CJJ. 99.
"c) Pe3ep8oap 3a UCI!Upaibe HYJICHUKa H CH!jJOH Y 1I10lbll (BoAeHII 3a-
TBapa'l racoBa) npeTcTaBlbajy y reXHH'lKOM norrreAY HajBa)KHHje AeJJoBe, no-
,\Iohy 1(OjHX je pClI1eHO nHTalbe MonepHHx xHrHjeHCI(HX HY)l(liHKa y 3rpanaMa.
Ueo ce ypel)3j cacTojH H3: peaepBoapa aa Bony, AeJJOBa 3a nYlbelbe H
npa)I"( lbelbe H cnoja ca HY)I{HH'lI(OM 1I10lbOM. np0l13BOAe ce pa3HH THnOBII
HCTTl1paQa ca pa3J1H'lHTHM HaaHBlIMa, II1TO 3aBHCH yrrraBHoM 011. KOHCTpYKL\Hje
H HallHHa npa)l{lbe1ba. HajBHlI1e cy y yno1'pe6H OHH HCnHpa'lH, KOn KOjHX
je BpeMe nYlbelba 11 npa)l{lbel'ba nOAell1eHO TaKO, .1\a ce 06aBlba aYTOMaTCKH,
Tj. 1(011. I(OjHX je .1\080lbHO caMO KpaTI(O nOTesalbe py'lHL\e, 011. CTpaHe OHor
KOjH BplllH ynope6y, a CBe ce OCTaJlO 0638lba caMO -011. ce6e .
MeljyTI1M 1(0.1\ cTapHjHx THnOBa 1'pajalbe HcnHpalba HH; e perYJJHCaHO,
Beh 3aBHCI1 011. (lHOra KOjH BPillH ynoTpe6y, Te HcnHpalbe MO)l{e 6HTII HJll1
HeAeBOlbHO HJlH npeTcpalio, II1TO oneT HHje A06po, jep .1\OBOAH 11.0 H3J1HII1HOr
YTPOIl1I(a Behe I(OJlH'lHHe BOAe Hero II1TO je nOTpe6HO.
Y- norne.1\y 1(0HCTpl(UHje, pa3J1HI(yjy ce yrJlaBHoM .1\Ba THna: peaepBoapH
ca a BO Ii 0 M H peaepBoapH ca c H !jJ 0 H 0 hI.
TH.rr ca aBoHoM, KOjH je HajBHlI1e y ynoTpe6H, npHl<aaaH je lia CJl. 91 .
fJl3BH,:! AeJlOBH OBor HCnHpa'la cy: p e 3 e p Boa pOll. JI 11 B e H 0 r r B 0 )I( lj a
call.p)l{l1He 7-9 miT. ; K JI H n'H a c JI a B H Hac a n JJ 0 B I( 0 M (l<yrJlOM) no
'leMy ce 30Be KyrnacTa cJlaEl'lH"a; T e III K 0 JJ H Be H 0 3 B 0 H 0 ca ABOOTPYI(HM
OMOTalleM; no JI y r a ca Kpal(OM 3a 11 nOAH3afCC 3BOHa H nOT e-
3 a lb I( a y BI1AY nOHHKJJOBaHOr JlaH4Hlia HJlH 1I111TT1(e ca .1\pIl1KOM 01\ nop-
UYJlaHa. -
PC3epBoap y cpeA'1HH npH .1\ Hy HMR OTBOP 3a BOAe H 3a Be3Y
c.a OABOII.HOM L\eBH 11.0 mOlbe. Vl 3Meljy Tor OTBopa H yHyTpall1lber .1\eJJa 3BOHa
cTaBlba ce rYMeHH YMeTal( (npCTeH), pa.1\I1. ' xepMeTHtlHOCTH HcnycTa 11 paAH
y6J1 a)l(aBalba YAapa npH cnYIl1TalbY 3BOHa. errOlballllbH OMOTa'l 3Bona nOBI1jeH
j e npH II.Hy 11 CJl060ltaH_Tal<0, Aa Mel)ynpocTop II.BOCTpyKor OMOTa'la Hcny-
IbaBa BO.1\a CBe .1\0 roplbe npeJlI1BHe HBH.L\e.
80ll.a y peaepBoap .1\OJl aal1 npel(o ryrJlaCTe CJJaBHHC. J.{mm ce 3a npo-
nYWTafbe H BOAe OI(Relie nOMohy rB03.1\eHe nOJlyre, Ha 'll1jeM ce
Kpaj y HaJl a3t1 nJJ OBal( on 6aI<apHOr JJHMa y Bll.1\ y lI1ynlber BalbKa 11J1'" HyrJJe.
CJl aBI1Ha je 011. JJHBeHOr mO)l(ija HJlH npecOBaHor qeJlHI(a, a caM )(JJHn OA Me-
l<I uer JJ11Ba (MeCHHra HJlH Mel(e 6pOH3e).
OBO je nOTpeoHo na 0 .. ce >l 36er.Qo ourrekelbe caMe cnaBIlHe, a.(O ca BOnOM nOll np.L-
T11CICOM nocnc lIeKO apllo ' (DaplIHOr ncc.(a, KOjll Y TOM cnY4ajy aarpe6e MCKWII ,ullm a cna-
BHH3 CC C34YBa. ce 1[al( O MO>KC aaMCHHTH ROBHM .. H Ta lISMCHa npeTCTaBIba MHoro
M3l-b1l 11 3Jl3T31< Hero H9MeHa ueJlc cn a BHHC.
H3Melj y _ rpJll1ha CJJ aBI1He 11 I<JHlna CraBlba ce rYMeHH YMeTaK KaO
3ama . JJ.06po je I1cnycHI1 nl1nal( CJl aBI1He npoAY)l{l1TI1 jet\HoM L\CB'lI1L\OM 11.0
6J1H3y AHa pe3epBoapa, Ha J<OjH ce Hal(>lH yrYll1yje HenpHjaTaH wyi\! npl1
lbelbY pesepBoapa BOAOM, Koja Teqe. 113 BOIl.OBOAa nOA rfPHTI1CI(OM. CJl aBI1Ha
je cnojeHa ca BOAOBOAOM nOMol\y O)JoBHe L\eBI1 npeQHHI(a 0 1/2" ' 11 AY)I(HHe
25 CM. _
OBa L\eB Hl1je cnojeHa ca pe3epBoapoM nOA OpaBI1M Bell je no-
BI1jeHa y BI1.1\y 6J1aror JlYI(a. To je nOTpe6Ho pa,u11 CI(ynlbalba )of HCTeaalba
MaTepl1jaJla L\eBH, 1111'0 614 1(0.1\ npaBor cnoja .1\OBeJJO 11.0 nopeMehaja Ha cnojy
ca CJJaBHHOM. TaKo HCTO KOlt npaBor 14 KpYTor cnoja Haeno 614 HBap H l\y-
95
pelbe BO.Qe, ycne.Q cneralha 311LlOBa 3rpaLle QLl OneKe (Ha I<oj.e je ylfBp-
wheH pe3epBoap) W KpYTe BOLloBOLlHe ueBI1 Ha .QpyrOM KpalY
CaM TOK I1Cnl1palha 06aBiba ce Ha cneLlehl1 HalfWH: ,D,OK Je pe3epBoap
n.pa3aH nnOBal( ce Hana311 Ha .l\HY cYLla. CnaBwHa je OTBOpel!a, nOlliTO je
KpaK nnOBI(a nOBYKao l<nl1n W ocn060Lll10 OTBOP Ha BO.QOBO.QHOj ueBI1. BO.'la
nOlfWlhe nonal<o Lla nYHw pe3epBoap. YKonwKo HI1BO Bop;e paCTe, nO.QlnKe ce
1l0CTeneHO nnOBal( 11 Kalla HI1BO BOlle ilOCTl1fHe O.QpeljeHY Ta'lKY npenWBa, Kpat<
nJlOBKa nOTI1CHe l(nl1n 11 3aTBOpl1 CnaBI1HY. Y OBOM je nono)l{ajy pe3epBoap
nYA BO.Qe 11 cnpeMaH 3a yJlOTpe6X. nono)l(aj I Ha cn. 94.
CJlHK3 91 - l{JJOSCTCIUI pC3epaoap ca 3801;OM
MOMeHaT Kalla Tpe6a 3aTBOpWTI1 cnaBHHY nOilelliaBa ce nOMohy nY)\(11He
l<paKa nnOBKa. /{Oil Hel(J1X je THnOBa Taj KpaJ( . O.Q Mel(aHOr Te ce
nOBHjalheM I<pal<3r, lherOBa .QY)l{HHa no nO'fpe6H nOilelliaBa. /{Oil IIpynlx TW-
nOBa je I<pal( \;13 ilBa cnojeHa .Qena ca nOMI1'1yhI1M 3aBpTiheM nOMohy Kora ce
nOAelliaBa ilY)I{HHa Kpal<a. Cn. 92 npl1Ka3yje lIeTalb Haj06w'IHl1je l<yrnacTe
CnaBHHe a en. 93 jeAHY 60lby BapHjaHTY.
/{a.Qa ee KpaTKHM nOTe30M naH'Il1ha nO.Ql1rHe 31l.0HO nOMohy Donyre,
ocn060Ait ee HCOYCHW OTBOP Y ilHY pe3epBOapa 11 BOlla Harno nOTe'le y OilBOilHY
96
UCB. (nOJIO)l{aj II l1a CJI . 94). no npeCTc. HKy nOTe:Ja",a JIaH-I11ha, 3BOHO te
nOBpaTH y npB0611TaH nOJIO)l{aj H 3aTBOpH OTBOP H AaJbH OAJIHB BOlle . Can
HaCTaje pe3epBoapa neA llejCTBOM cnOJbaw",er anlOc<jJepCKor
npHTHCKa Ha nOBpwHHy B"lle y pH3epBoapy, jep ce YCJleJ\ nopeMeheHe paBHO-
Te)1 e BaKYMOM H3a3BaHHM y OABOAHOj ueBH, BOlla npeJlHje Hp03 3BOHO CjYPH
Y mOJby .
./ BOlleHI1 MJIa3 KOjH je npo}:\ po y OIlBOAHy ueB, lleJIyjy1;H I(ao lien, 110-
BJIalll1 C060M Ba31lyx H3 yHYTpaw",er npOCT.opa SBOHa, CTBapajyhH l1a Taj l1a-
lIHH pa3peljeH Ba3}:\YX-BaI<YM, Te ce nOA
}:\ejcTBoM Beher cnOJbaw",er npHTHCl<a Ha
HHBO BOlle y pe3epBoapy, nopeMeTH paBHO-
Te)Ka y CYAy H HaCTaHe npeJIHBa",e ueJlO-
l( ynHe I( OJIHtIHHe BOlle I<p03
OMOTali 3BOHa Y yHyTpaw",H Aeo H AHJbe y
OABOII;HY ueB. BflllH nOJIO)I(aj Il I Ha CJI. 94.
no npeJlHBalhY Bo}:\e, nJIOBaI( nanHe
Ha }:\HO cyAa H THMe OTBOPl1 l(yrJIaCTY
CJIaBHHy. Te ce pe3epBoap nOHOBa nO'lHe Ila
nyHH BOAOM I( ao H Ha nOlieTKY.
Ha Taj ce HalJHH Yllewhe oc06e l( oja
ynoTpe6JbaBa HYlI(HHI( CBOAH Ha I<paTKO
nOTe3a",e JIa Hlmha KOJIHKO Aa ce CTBOPH
Ba KyM y 3BOHY a CBe ce OCTaJIO 06aBJba
OA ce6e .
CnHK.a 92 - I(paK ca nnOOKOM
.D. p y rH T H n HcnHpa'la npHI(a3aH j.!! Ha CJI. 95 H pa3JII1I(yje ce OA npeT-
XOAHor y TOMe, IlITO YMCTO 3BOHa HMa JII1BeHH e H!j) 0 H Y BI1Ay nOBHjeHe ueBH.
, C rop",e CTpaHe YI<On'laH je l( paK 3a nOTe3a",e, a y Ao",eM AeJlY HMa OTBOP-
npope3 3a npOJIas BOAe. KaAa ce JIaH'Il1heM nOBY'le UOJIyra HaBH.llIe, nOAHrHe
ce CI1<jJOH H3 CBor nOAH6JbeHOr JIellnllllTa, Te ce oCJI060Ae OTBOPH - npope3H
H BOAa I<p03 ",HX npO}:\Hpe y OABOAHY ueB. BOAeHH lien I( Ojl1 je Aonpo y 0)\-
BOAHY ueB, H3a30Be BaKyM y rop",eM AeJIY Cl1(jloHa H OHAa HaCTaHe npeJlHBa",e
H npa)l{",e",e pe3epBoapa Ha Beh 06jalll",eHH Ha'lHH. OBaj THn ca CH<jJOHOM je-


7
ClTII Ka 93 - Bap"jama l<paKa ca nOOl<OM
I . .n09011 nOlle 113 901l000lla - 2. BeHTllnHa ryMa
-3. M3nllB SOIlC. - 4. 3 anpTalh 3a nOllemanalhe
nono)J(aja KpaKa ca nnOSKOM. - 5. H3JlIIS BOAe
Y pC3epsoap. 6. I(pal( nnOSKa. - 7. nnosaK
- KYpna.
AHocTaBHHjH je no KOflCTPYI<UHjH
H JIaKllIe ce onpaBlba, aJIH je HnaK
BI1We y ynoTpe6H HCnHpa'l ca
3BOHOM, jep CHrHpHHje <PYHl(UHO-
HHwe.
Ha CJI. 96 npHKaaaH je Tl1n
HcnHpalJa CJIH'IaH npeTxoAHoM, T.j
ca pa3JlHl( OM!lITO My je CH<pOH
Hel(peTaH. CH<pOH HMa ca CTpaHe,
nOBHjeHY ueB HaBI11l1e 3aTBopeHY
TerOM H YMeTJ(OM. KaAa
ce nOBYlie JIaHau nOJIyra nOAl1rHe
oBaj Ter H OCJI060AI1 OTBOP, I(P03
KOjl1 ce cjypl1 M.n:a3 BOAe y O}:\-
BIlAHy ueB. KaA Ter nOHOBO 3a-
.T!l oPI1 OTBOP, BOAeHH 'len he H-
3a3BaTH BaKYM y ropFboj wynJbHHH
cH<poHa H Bo}:\a he ce I<p03 CJI060AHH OTBOP CI1!j)oHa C Apyre cTpaHe, npeJIHTI1
Ha nOMeHYTH HaqHH. OBaj THn HCnl1palia HI1je MHoro y ynoTpe6H; yrnaBHoM
7 l(yhHa J{a anIJ3al1>Jja
97
ce aKO je CyA 3a BOAY. OA <\lajaHca, na je 60Jbe JJ,a KpynHH JJ,enOBII
6YAY cTa6JmHJ-I, Ce H36emy YAapJ-l 0 AHO cyJJ,a.
3) Ee3U1yJ./HU UCnUplNU - IJUCmepHe
)J.a 6H ce OTl<nOHHnO HenpHjaTHo lIlYlilTafue BOAe npH nyfuefu)t J-I npa)J(-
lhelhY pe3epBOapa, KOHCTpYHCaHH cy HapO<rnTJ-I HJ-ICKH MCnJ'Ipa'lJ.i, KOjM
HenOCpeAHO M3a J<n03eTCKe 1Il0Jbe. rpaAe ce HajBMDle OA (pajaHca J-InM OA npe
II
III
COBaHor nHMa ca nOKnOnl\eM. CnOJba je CYA 6eo eMajnMpaH. lllMpMHe je 14 CM.
AY)J(HHe 47 CM. FI AyoMHe 35 CM. Ca Kn03eTCKOM 1Il0JbOM je cnojeH nOHHKnoaa-
HHM J(OHTpa-nyl<oM npeqHMl<a e 2". OA AenOBa MMa cnaBMtly ca nnOBI(OM, a
YMecTo 330Ha FIAla naK lIlynaJb J<yrnacTM 3aTBapalJ; KOjH je cnojeH jeAHoM
l\eBH ca pylJMl\OM. )J.OBOA BOAe je Ca Ambe cTpaHe.
KaJJ,a ce npMTJ-ICHe Ha pyqMl\Y, OAHrHe ce nal<M KyrnacTM 3aTBapaq H
OTBOPH ce npona3 BOAM y KnOSeTcKY 1Il0Jby. nOlllTO je 3aTBapalJ Bpno naraH
98
3fior lI1ynJbl1He, nJlI1Ba Ha MJla3Y BOlle KOjl1 Tetfe y WOJby. ,na 6H ce oTCTpa-
HI10 YTI1Uaj aTMoC<\lepCI(Or npl:ITI1Cl<a Ha BOilY Y pe3epBoapy H.II.a ce He Olt
llaJbe npeHOCI10 Ha 3aTBapa
l
l, YBelleH je Ba31lYX I<p03 oTBopeHY ueB, Ha Kojy
je yTBpljeH 3aTBapa'l, '1aK I1cnOIl IlHa l(yrJle 3a saTBapalhe, Te TaKO 6HBa na-
paJlHCaH (H3jeAHaqeH) aTMoC<jlepCI<H np"THcaKi KyTJla nJlHBa CBe AOK He HC-
Te'le CBa BOAa y 1I10Jby. T alla [JJlOBaK naAHe Ha AHO H nOHOBO OTBOpH CJ1aBHHY.
1{01l OBor CHCTellla HcnHpalhe HHje fiylJHO nOMony BOlleHor MJla3a y naAY.
Bet; THXO H HeqyjHo AejcT"oM BeJlHKe KOJlH-
lntHe BOAe (01<0 20 JI.). OHnaK TOqene cJla-
BHHe HaJla3H ce Ha IlHY, Te je Ha Tai. Ha'lHH
OIlMax nOTOnJbeH y BOAH H He WHwTH npH
nylhelhy Kao KOIl OfiHqHI1X HCnHpalla. Ha
CJI. 97 H 98 BHAH ce H C n H p a q-U H C T e pH a
y npecel<Y H H3rJlelly.
OBa BpCTa H(mHpalJa c[laAa y JlYI(cY3He
ypeljaje, Te ce 3fior BHCOI{ e ueHe H BenHKor
YTpOWI(a BOAe, pelje ynoTpefiJbaBa.iY.
"
,.
Cmll<a 95
u) Heucnpa81-/Ocmu HYJICHLl(IKLIX Ucnupaqa Pe3epnoap ca nOl<pCTHHM CII(j>OHOM
MaKO cy CBH lleJlOBI1 HCfmpaqa Aofipo CMHWJbeHH 11 conHAHo KOHCTPY-
HcaHH. I1nal< Mory HacTynHTI1 HeHcnpaBHOCI1TH y IhHXOSOM <PYHKUMOHHcaIhY.
OocneAl1ua npe CBera je uypelhe BOAe 1'13 pe3epBoapa y Malhl1M HJlH BenHM
J(OJlHlIHHaMa, a 3aTI1M H Jlowe 11 HeAOBOJbHO HY)KHl1lJKe w01l:e. Oae
1-leI1CnpaBHOCTI1 HaCTynajy H3 CJleACnHX I<BapOBa:
CnHl(a 96 - Pe3epBoap ca HeKpeTIHlM CU(j>OlLOM
1. AI(o rYMeHI1 nOAMeTalJ I1cnoll 3BOHa I1J1H CI1(pOHa oTBpAHe H 113ryfiH
enaCTl1lJHOCT Aa 3anTl1Ba, 11J111 ce OWTeTI1 ' TaKO -Ila BHwe He 3aTBapa Aofi po
OTBOP, BOAa he CTanHO nOMaJlO UypHTH.
OBaj KBap He ynille MHoro Ha caM T01< I1Cnl1palha, nOWTO je 1(OjH
nOll np"TICI{ OM npl1THlJe 113 BolloBOlla jalJH Hero Mna3 I(Ojl1 UypH ycneA I<Bapa,
Ben oBaj KBap AOBOIlH 110 CTaJlHor H HenOTpefiHor ry611TI<a BOlle.
c)9
AtcO aaTBOpRMO l1pllnHB SOA.8 B3 BOAOaOAa y pes "PikMo Aa
D<ma. nGJlaKO UypK ycneA KBapa rye, he OA 7
31. HCUypH'rH 3a npH6Jl100HO 10 MHHy11l, IIITO SasY.CH o./t l<I38pa Ha
ryMH, Te he AHeBHH ry6HTaK BOAe OKO 1000 JlHTapa.
2. I{aap MO)l(e . H3crynHTH H KOA KJUma CJl3BHHe, Tj. H Ty MO)((jJ
!\OTpaje ryMeHH YMeT3K H Aa nponylIITa BOAy. Mome ce AeCHTH fOIHfi
Y l.\eJIoj Ay*<HHH 6YAe 3aHap3H 3PHOM neCI(3 1-13 BOAOBOJ{a HJlH o,q eJIJlIfROl"
:--: .... :=-= =-:.-:-:. -:- .. -..
,I : :.
:: : ': :
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" ,
" ,
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10
"
"
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"
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"
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10

CJlHKa 97 - Se3my"" ... ! pC3cpBoap (lfcnupa4)
I
OnHJbKa 3aOCTaJlOr OA Hape3a ueBH npH MOHTa)l(H, Te he BOAa non npHTHcJ{OM
npOJla3HTH Rp03 l<aHaJlHh OA orpe60THHe H H3a3BaTH uypel-be. fy6HTaK
BOAe je BehH H,ero y npaTxoAHoM CJly4ajy, noulTo BOAa npHTH4e nOA npH-
THCI(OM.
OBO je jenall p33J10r BHIllC, na KJJ!," 6ync on MeKlllcr JlIIBa HerO CJl aBllHa , na 6"
ce Morao aanapaTH, nOIUTO 6" ce y npOTIlOlIOM 3pHO neCKa 3arJlaBIIJlO, YKO'l"JlO I(JJ''" H
npeKHHYJlO npHTHl\albe Bone.
3. Uypel-be BOAe MO)l(e. HacrynHTI1 H y CJlY4ajy Aa AY)l(l1Ha KpaKa
nJlOBKa HI1Je nOAellieHa Tal(O Aa 3aTBapa Ha BpeMe I(Jll1n y CJlaBI1HH, Tj.
al(O ce pe3epBoap HanyHI1 AO Ta4Ke npeJl"Ba y 3BOHY, npe Hero llITO ce
nJlOBaK nOAHrHe Ha nOTpe6HY B"C"HY Aa 3aTBogH npHJl"B BOAe . GBaj He-
AOCTaTaK MO)l(e nOTl1uaT" jOlll OA rrorpelliHe npB06"THe MOHTa)Ke 11cmlpa4a
HJlH MO)l(e HacTynHTI1 AOUHI1}e OA ynoTpe6e, Hap04HTO KOA KpaKa Ha
nOMHl.\al-be.
100
I{Bap ce naKO OTKnali>a al'o ce Ha BpeMe YOllM, MHalle ycneA OBe HeH-
cnpaBHOCTH MO)Ke AOHM AO BenMI(Or ry6HTI<a BOAe a MCTO H3a3Ba!H
RenpaBI1nHO Hcnl1pali>e U10Jbe. OBO 3aBI1CH OA J<onHlIHHe BOAe J(Oja ce rrpeJIl\je,
Tj. OA Behe HJIM Mali>e rpellJl(e y AY)J(MHH J<pal<a . .-
Al(o je MJIa3 BOAe ce npeJll1je TOJIHI<H, Aa 06pa3yje BOAeHH lien, y
YHYTpallIH:.OCTH 3BORa HJIH CTBopHlie ce Bal<YYM H HCHCaBali>e, Te he
ce pe3epBoap Hcnpa3RHTH l<ao Aa je Hel(O nOBYI<ao 3a JIaHlIHh. OBa he ce
nojaBa rrOROBHTH oneT lIHM ce HanYHH pe3epBoap nOHOBO AO npenHBa H Ha-
CTaHe npeJIHBali>e BOAe npe 3aTBapali>a cna-
BMRe. TaKo HacTaje caM 0 n p a )1( H:. e Ii> e
pe3epBoapa 6e3 nOTpe6e M orpOMaH yTpollIal<
BOAe.
n pH HopManHOM npHTAC1<Y BOAe oA
3-5 Ii npellHl11(Y nponycHe cna-
BMHe Ha BOAoBOAHOj ueBH" OA 1/2", pe3ep-
Boap OA 7 n. BOile HanY,II1 ce Y TOI(Y I
MHHyT3, npeMR TOA\e' ry6HTal< 'BoAe
113HOCI1 01(0 4000 11.
Ha oBaj Ce ltaqHII nOlleUlaBa caMocnHpalb3
rpynllHx HY"( IlIH<a H nJlcoapa, I(ojlt ce IIcnHpaj y y
npCI<HAIlMa OA 1 HnH B\,IUJe MHHYTa.
4. MO)I(e ce AecMTH Ae ce n1l0BaK npo-
HnH ' ce OAJleMH caCTaB A8ejy nony-
Tl(H I(OjHX je Ha'IHl-beH, na ce lliynJbHfla
nJIOB1<a HcnyHH BOAoM TaI<O, Aa ce ypnllITe
II
CJI"l(a 98 - !loJIoll(aj II >farJIell
" CnHpaqa-l.\"CTCpHe
He MO)l(e nOAHli H, Te CJIaBHHa oCTaje cJI060Alia nyflHM 4HM ce.
pe3epBoap HanyHH AO npenHBa, BOlla he ce 06H1IHO npenHBaTH y OA-,
BOAHY IleB H H3a3BaTH caM 0 n p a )I( rb e Ii> e pe3eplloapa. ry6HTal< BO-
)].C lie npH OBOM J<Bapy 6HTt! HajBeHH, nOllITO he npa)J(li>elhe ynpaBo
nYl-beli>e pe3epBoapa 6HTH 6p)l(e ycne)]. nyHor oTBopa cnaBHHe, Hero I(OJL
npeTXO)].Hor cnY4aja, l(a)].a nJIOB1<a ,mal( CTall HO cMarbyje npHnll.\aj
Bo)].e, caMO lllTO He )].olje _011, li>eHor 1l0TnY,lQr YCTaBJbali>a. r y6H'ral( BOAe
)].al<ne MO)I(e )].OCTHhH KOJll14V1HY 0)]. 6.000' J111Tapa Ha )].aH. OBO je orpOMHa
I(OnH'JI-IHa Bo)].e , )].OBOJbHa Aa nO)].MHpl1 nOTpe6e 40 oc06a npH yno-
Tpe611 Bo)].e 0)]. ISO mlTapa I1, HeBHo.
,Ua 6n ce 1136erao HenoTpe6au H U1TeTaH ryfillTal( BOlle, yqHlbeH je nOKYUlaj Ila ce
1(0HCTpYHUle TaJ(aB pesepBoap, I(ojll 6" 6HO YBel( npaaaH a nYHItO 6H ce OOIlOM Tel( np"
caM oj ynoTpeGH npH60pa. !loOJIaqel'heM 3a pyqlll.\y nOKpeHe ce J(JIlln y CJIaBmm II BOlla
nOqHe Ila II cnYl baoa peaepBoap. VlcnOA I(JIHna je onpyra nOlleUleHa TaKO Ila nOJlaJ(o no-
opaTH KJIJln lIa cDoje "'CCTO, a sa ollpeljeHO Bpe",e, Tj. J(all pe3cpooap GYlle nYH. Y IiCTOM
ce MOMeHTY BOlla npenHje npel(o 3BOHa "JIll cIJ(j>OHa ""3a30Be caMOnpa)l(lbelbe C3llp)l(liHe
peaepBoapa .
. HOllocTaTaK " CJIaGa np"MeHa ooor HaqliHa Hcnllpalba Jlell(H Y CJIO)l(ellOCTii lleJIOBa
H J(OHCTPYJ(l.\HjC. !loCToje OHllIe MeCTa rile MOll(e HaCTynHT" J(oap H HeHcnpaOHOCT HcnH-
paqa, Te y J(pajlboj J111HlljH oneT npeTCTojH uype.be BOlle, U1TO ce 6alll H XTeJIO IiSOeHH.
Tal(o ce IiCTO OBaKaB IICnllpa'i nOKasao Kao Henpal<TIJqaH, jep HHje 1l0BOlbHO nOBYHH
pyqHl.\Y II CTaoanl y }1ejCTBo anapaT II onll", , CMaTpajyhll Ila He ce U10lba Hcm'paTJI CaMO-
npa)l(lbelbeM pescpBoapa. ,Uemaoa ce Aa HeqllCTORa OCTane H nOCJIe ncnHpalba jep, ycnewHo
Hcm.pa.be He saBIICH caMO Oil HCnHpaqa, BeH II Oil BpCTe J(OHCTPYJ(l.\lI je caMe U10lbe.
CrynHH l.\eOaCTII KJIOSeTH HCnnpajy ce nOMORY JlapO'lIITHX IICnHpaqa, ""ja sanpeMHlla
saOHCII Oil 6poja J(JIOSCrCKllX MeCTa, paqyHajyliH 5-7 JlIIT. no jellJlOM ceAHWTy .. Vlcnllpalbe
je aYToMaTcKo ca caMonpIDI(lbelbeM y jellHal(lIM pasMal.\HMa, WTO ce MO)l(e perYJIIICaTH BehHJI'
HJIII MalbH'" OTBOpOM TOqe"e cJIamme, I(oja Teqe CTaJIllO " nyHH pesepBoap 110 npeJlHBa y
C'''jlOIlY, npll qCMY ce CTaopH BaJ(YYM II l.\eo ce cYIl IIcnpasHII .
101
I(on seher Gpoja KJl03e<TCKJIl( MeCTa pe3epBo3pH HMajy npHnH'lHo BeJlIIKY 3anpeMHHY,
'I'e ce rp3JIe on r003neHor npecoo3Hor nHMa. On nenooa AA\ajy CaMO je)IIIH HenOKpeTaH
CHIjIOH 3a HSa3HBaH.e HCHcaoalba. OBaKBH HCnHpaQH Tpowe MHoro BOne, jep ce np33He
o63Hpa Ha ynOTpe6y KJl03eTa.
j) nameHm UCnUplI'lU
HajHaBMjH THn HcnHpaqa HeMa pe3epBaapa, Beft ce caCTajH H3 jeAHar
()Malber anapaTa aA MecHHra y l!/'fhlY naHHKnaBaHe lJaype, I<aja je c jeAHe
CTpaHe cnajeHa ca BOllaBaIlOM, a .ca Ilalbe CTpaHe npel<a aJ\BaAHa naHHl<Ra-
BaHe [{eBH, ca lllaJbaM. Ana'PaT je MaHTHpaH Ha 80 CM. BHCHHe all lllaJbe,
3aY3HMa Mana MeCTa, Bpno je cnpeTaH H nena H3rnella, Te y cBeMy npeT-
CTaBJba He caMa HaBOCT Beft M HanpellaK y caHHTapHaj TeXHHUH. Ha cn 99
npHl<a3aH je y npecel<y Tal(aB I1CnHpalJ a Ha cn. 100 llaT je CnaJballllbH H3-
rnell [{enor ypeljaja.
rnaBHH cy llenOBH aBor anapaTa cneAelm:
I . 4 a y pac TOT en 0 all yrnalJaHar MeC/'fHra cnOJba nOH.l1I<ROBaHO
I1nH xpOMHpa!iO, y lJHjOj ce lIeBacToj lllynJbHHH I<pehe I<nHn, I<OjH 3aTBapa
11 OTBapa OTBOP 3a BOily.
2. P Y lJ I1l1 a 3a lTOTe3albe I<paKa KOjH H3IlHH(e I<JIHn.
3. en H pan H a 0 n p y r a 3a Bpahalbe Knl1na y npBo611THH nono)l(aj.
4 . r y M e H H Y MeT II H H HaBnal(e 3a 3anTI1Balbe.
PaA HCnHpalJa je y cnelleheM:
Kalla ce npHTI1CKOM Ha PYlJHlIY Manor l(pal( a KnHn OIlHrHe HaBHllle,
()Cn06UIlH ce npOT!:llIalbe BOlle H.3 'BOIlOBOAa, 'fe nOTpe6Ha KOnHlJHHa HCTelJe y
IllOJbY n cnepe je. i1cnoll HnH H3Hail KnHna l(aKO I(OIl I(Or CHcTeMa, Hana311
ce cnHpanHa onpyra, l(oja 6Ylle ca6HjeHa npMTHCI(OM Ha PYlJHlIY, anH
ce pYlJHlIa nycTH, onpyra ce nonaKO Bpahay npBo6HTHH nonO)l(aj , caBnaljy-
jykl1 cHary BOlleHor Mna3a H3 BOIlOB.olla H BpahajyliH l{nHn Ha3all, 3aTBapa
BOily. i1cnHpalbe paje Hel(QnHl<O oeKyHIlH, 3a Koje BpaMe HCTelJe 3-5 nl1T.
BOAe. i1cnHpalbe 1(01l OBor HCnl1palJa He ' OnBII . BHllle CHarOM BOlleHor Mna3a
y nallY H3 pe3epBoapa, Beh Ill1pel(THa CHarOM npHTI1CI(a y BOlloBOIlHOj Mpe}I(H.
36ar Tora jc KOIl npHMeHe OBor MCnHpalJa Bpno Ba)l(HO npeTXOIlHO npel(OH-
"ponHcaTH npHTHcaK y BOAOBOAHOj Mpe)l(H Ha MeCTY ynoTpe6e, jep oA Tora
3aBHCH I(oje BenHlJMHe HC;mlp'alJ Mopa llohH y 063Hp.
Y Ta6nHlIH XV II llaTH cy nOllaTUH 3a H36ap HCnHpaqa.
Ta6nHl\a XVII. nneUT HCnHpaQ3
BenWUfHa
I
npHTHC31(
I
BOA 33
I
nplU(JbY"H3
I
Ues
11Cnl1pn4a
yatm.
ycml lb3lbe n03a 3a 'I1CnHpa1bC
y l\OnOSaM3 y l\o.q. y IlOn Y MM.
1/2"
6-12 3/4" 1/2" 28 MM
3/.t" 2- 6 1" 3ft" 28
..
I " 1. 1/2-3 1,1/4" 1"
34
"
1, 14" 0,3-1,1/2" 1, 1/4" 42
..
I
OBaj HcnHpa'1 pallH Bpno llo6po H al;o ce na)l(Jbl1BO ca ",HMe pYI(y j e,
He I(BapH ceo PylJl1UY He Tpe6a JaJ<O 11 Harno npI1TI1CI<I1BaTH . .uOBOJbaH je
KpaTaK - 6nar npl1THCal( py](OM. n OWTO ce oBaj I1CnHpalJ MO)l(e ynOTpe611TH
3a CBaI(Y BpCTy WOJba, Ta ce H I(OJll1'II1Ha BOlle nOTpe6Ha npeMa o6nl1l<y WOJbe ,
102
1II0>Ke no BOJMI peryJllica'l'li. AHo 3aBpTaib (12) Ha CJl. 99 oKpeHeMo
y.o.ecHo HaBlipahe 1I1albe Bo.o.e, a y JleBO Blillie.
Y cJlylJajy ila ce Bo.o.eHH 1I1Jla3 Ha YJla3Y y 1lI0Jby pacnpllITaBa, Tpe6a
MaJlO yBpHyTf-I npllryllIHH 3aBpTaib (4). npe Hero llITO ce MOHTllpa IIcnlipalJ,
Tpe6a .o.06po "IcnpaTII ' 90.o.0BO.o.Hy [Mpe>KY 0.11. OTn2.o.aHa Ky.o.eJbe, OnliJbaKa 0.11.
CJlHl<a 99 - n pecel< naTeHT HCnHpaqa
1. n pCTeH HaBJIal<e
2. 'YMeHa HallJlaKa
3. Manil(a nCCTeHa
4. npHrywHH sasPTaIb
5. 3aellTPlb sa Mpas
6. I1smlsHH nplIl<lhyqal(
7. npCTeHoBH sa CTe3albe
8. nJlaWT (oMOTaq)
9. YJlaaHH npR"lhyqal<
I O. pY'lHl(e
II. PY'l1il(a
12. /{ana
13. MaTHl(a HaBHj I<a
14. 3aspTaib pyqlll(e
15. 3aapT3Ib sa peryJIlICalbe
16. n OJlJlo}l(f-fa nnOqHl(a
17. CTeSaJLI<a SanTHSaqa
18. Haalljal<
19. UHJlHHJlap
20. (i)I1Pyra
21. MaTI'll(a BpeTeH3
22. 'YMa BeHTlUIa
23. /{mm
24. /{mmHa ryMa
25. Hamaaa!< 1(}Ilma
26. CeJlUWTe KJiHna
UeB H speTeHO r J1aaqHHC
Jl031il\e, 3pHal\a 0.11. npallIlIHe, jep al(O HelJlICTOha ):(ocne y IIcnllpa
t
l MO)l(e
):( OBecTIi ):( 0 nopeMekaja II 3acToja y pa):(y. AHO IInaH .o.olje .11.0 3a'lenJbeiba
YCl(or l(aHaJlMka HaBMjl(a (15) OH):(a Tpe6a O}l,BI1'I'II 3aBpTaib 3a perYJlI<ICafbe
(12), npMTMcHyTM py'lMl\y H TaHI(OM )l(HllOM npOlJMCTMTII l(aHaJlMh. npl1
nOHOBHOM HaBlljalbY 3aBpTl:ba npBo yMe:rHyTM CTe3aJbI<y 3annma
t
la (14) na
Tel( OH):(a npwl'emyTM 3aBpTafb.
MO)l(e ce .o.eCMTl1 .o.a je nOTpe6Ho H3MeHtlTII rYMeHe yMeTl(e H HaBJlal{e
na 'IaK M CnlipaJlHa onpyra BpeMeHoM MO>Ke .o.a .o.oTpaj e, na j e Tpe6a 3aMe-
103
"liTH HOBOM, Y TOM je CJIY'lajy nOTpe6HO PlICTaBHTH HCnHpa'l Ha AeJl OSe .
OBO MO)!(e p illil1TH CaMO CTpy'lHP H BH'lHO. JlHue H TO ca MHOrO na)!(fbe, npH-
Ap)l(aBajyhH ce cneAener peAa:
npBO ce OABpHe Kana (9), 33TI1(\\ BHjaK 3a perYJlHcafbe (3), nl! ce
1l3By'le HaBl1ja'l (15), 3aTI1M ce. 113BaAI1 onpyra (24), OABPHe MaTl1ua BpeTeHa
(17), 113BY'Ie Im"n (19), oTCTpaHI1 3aBpTafb pYlJlJue (11), 113BY'le py'lllua (8)
11 nOBY'le Ha HI1)!(e ueB rJlaB'IIUle (22).
,Ua ce 113MeHI1 rYMeHa HaBJIal(a Tpe6a 11 J(aJbe OABPHyrl1 Ma-
Tl1uy (3) a npl1 3aMel-bIlSafbY KmmHe, (24) Tpe6a OJ(BPHyTI1 Harna-
BaK I<JlHna (21).
__ I-
I I
-I-I-
I I
--1-
I

----
I I
-1-'-1-
-1-'-'-
- - 1-,-:-
1
--1-
Cmll<:a 100 - n onO)I<aj II 11 3rnen 11 3TeHT HCflHpaqa
np" nOHOBllOM CaCTZ-BJbafbY Tpe6a ce np"Ap)!(aBaTH I1CTor peAa caMO
y cynpoTI-IOM cMl1cny. MaTHuy HaBl1jl\ e (13) BaJba A06po npHTHcllyTI1. He
cMejy ce ynoTpeol1T11 cpecTBa 3a nOAMa3l1Bafbe. H apo' II1TO ce HHllMM He cAle
y", acHITI1 rYMeHa HaBnaJ<a .(2) I1J1H yliyTpawfbl1 '1aype (16) .
Y OKOnHOCTI1Ma rAe Oil I1cnl1pa
l
l Morao 611TI1 113J10)KeH yTl1uajy "'pa-
seBa, MO)!(e ce nOMO];y 3aBpTfba (5) nolteCI1TI1, Aa HcnHpall He 3aTBapa xep-
MeTI1 'I 1( 11 , Ben Ita no MaJIO n'ponYWTa BOAy 11' CTaJlHHM OJIarHM cTpyjalbeM,
- 1130erHe saMpSaBaJ-be.
MOHTa)l(Y BPWHTI1 yrJlaBHoM PYI(OM. MOHT3>I(Ha KJbeWTa 11 pa3He cTe-
aaJbI,e, Tpe6a caCBI1M OItCTpaHI1TI1 . -
Jlyl( KOj H AOBOAI1 BOlty Y WOJby Mopa I1MaTI1 nOJIynpe'lHI1I( 01\ 10 CM.
nponyCIII1 BeHHIJI Ii a BOf,OBOItIiOj ueBI1 Tpeoa Aa I1Ma nyH OTBOP, Te Ha HIM
MeCTI1Ma He cMejy 1t0];11 nponYCHe CJI aBl1l-le , Be\; WHoep-BeHTI1J1I1.
j) ucnupa'la
. OCI1M nOMeHYTI1X Hel1CnpaBHOCTI1 01\ pa3HI1X KBapOBa, npaBlmHO 11
ycnewHo I1CnHpal-be HY)l(HI1Ka 3aBI1CI1 H OA caMor nOJlo)!(aja pesepBoapa.
CTora ce Tpe6a np"AP)!(aBaTH CJIeAelmx ynYTCTaBa:
I , no BI1CI1HI1 pesepBoap Tpe6a CTaBHTI1 HajBHwe Ha 2,20 M. 113Hap.
MeCTa YJII1Ba BOAe y I(JlOSeTCI(Y WOJbY, a HajHH)I(e 1,50 M. OBaj MHHI1MyM
1\0JIaSl1 y 06sl1p caMO I(OA CnpaTHI1X BHCI1Ha y MaHCapl\aMa , cyTe-
peHllMa H CJI.) TaKo, I\a OCTaHe JOw OKO 0,50 M. H3Hal\, nOTpe6HI1X palt
l1
MOHTa)!(e 11 onpaBKe pe3epBoapa.
104
Mal-ba BMCflHa 0.1\ 1,50 M. He )lonaSH Y 063r1P, C Tora, WTO MJl33 BOt'e
He,\\3 OHY HcnHpatTKY cHary I(oja je ROTpe6Ha .1\3 ce HSBPWH np3BIi1IHO R
nOTnYHo- cnHpalhe 1ll0Jbe, Beli BO.l\a npol)e l<p03 1ll0JbY 6es pesynTaTa.
Belia BHcHHa 0)\ 2,20 M. TaKolje HHje nOBonma, jep BO,lleHH Mna3 11,\la
cYBHllle BeJlHI<Y 6p3HHy, Te ce Ha Ylllliy y 1ll0JbY pacnplllTH, ycne.l\ qera
H:lOCTaHe npaBHnHo cnHpalhe, a .l\ol)e .1\0 Heyro.l\HOr npCI<alba 1'1 KBalllelba
1\acl<e H nO.l\a .
2. HCnHpaQl(a ' ueB 0.1\ pe3epBoapa
1\0 l<noseTCl<..e 1ll0Jbe, Tpe6a.l\a H.I\e lllTO
npaBHnHI1j e, .l\a ce He6H ry6Hna 6p3HHa
BO.l\eHOr AVla3a ycne.l\ nOBHjalha HnH nOM-
.belba TOI<a BO.l\e. Haj60JbH je cMelllTaj
11CnHpa'fa Y O.l\HOCY Ha 1ll0Jby, al<e ce Ha-
na3e Ha HCTOM 311.1\y a He Ha cynpoTHoM,
I<ao lllTO ce MHoro ynpa)l{lbaBa .
3 . . JlaHau 3a nOTe3albe Tpe6a .l\a
npona3H I<P03 HapolulTY BOI)HUY, jep ce
TI'IMe nOCTH)I<e npaBHnHo nO.l\H3afhe 3BO-
Ha HaBHllle, Te He MO)l<e .l\a Hcna.l\He H3
ne)l{I1111Ta, BH.I\H cn. 101. HanponlB, aKO je
naHau cn060.l\aH, MO)l{e qeCTO .l\0l'i11 .1\0
Hcna.l\alha 3BOHa 113 ne)l{11111Ta H uypelba
BO.l\e, nOIllTO oc06a I<oja nOBnalJl1 naHau
l\\O)Ke nOByl'iH HenpaBHnHO, HCKoca. Ha
MeCTY r.l\e je BOIjHUa CTaBJba ce YMeCTO
.qaHua, KOMa.l\ nOHHKnOBaHe lllHnJ(e.
3a I1cnHpalJKy ueB Hajllewl'ie ce yno-
1'pe6JbaBajy onOBHe ueBH BenH'll1He npelJ-
HHl(a 5/4" 0.1\ KOMa.l\a .l\y)l{HHe 2,50 M.
DnoBo je Bpno nO,lleCHO 3a OBY CBpxy,
jep ce caBHja no.l\ npOH3BOJbHI1M yrnoM
npeMa nOTpe6H, HapollHTo al(o je HcnH-
pall nOCTaBJbeH Ha cynpoTHI1 3101)( 0,/\ 3H.I\a
apeMa KOMe je 1ll0Jba. J{OA npaBlwHo no-
CTaBJbeHOr HCnl1pa
t
la Ha HC1'OM SH.I\y, MO)l, e CJl IIl<a 1-01 - flaHal.\ Ii Boljlll.\e
ce onOBHa ueB yrpa.l\H1'11 y 3H.I\, 1'al<O
I\.a ce pa.l\l1 neniller 113rne.l\a Bl1.1\e caMO .l\Ba nyl<a: je.l\aH 1(0.1\ pe.3epBoapa, a
.l\ pyrH KO.l\ 1ll0Jbe. TI1 ce nyKoBI1 H3BO.l\e 0.1\ MeCI1HraHHX nOHJ1lotoBaHI1X .l\eno-
Ba. Ka.l\ je 311.1\ HY)I(JUl I>a 06nO)KeH nnOlll1uaMa a HCnHpalJKa ueB l1.1\e BH.I\1l0,
H Y npaBoj nHHHjl1 npeMa 1ll0JbI1, CTaBJba ce MeCHHraHa nOHI1I<nOBalla ueB
YMeCTO onOBHe, I<oja KAla MPKY npJbaBy 60jy, Te o.l\y.l\apa 0.1\ OKonHHX
CBeTnHX npe.l\MeTa 11 KBapl1 H3rne.l\ uene
fl) HYJlCHUIjU QYW8lJU
DBa BPCTa , Hy)I(Hl11<a MO)I(e Aol'iH y 06SHP 3a KacapHe, )Kene3HH
t
lFe
CTaHJ1ue, 1llKone, HH.I\yc1'pl1cKe -srpa.l\e H jaBHe Hy)I(HHl<e. Pa3nJ1l<yjy ce 0.1\
y06111lajeHI1x Kn03eTa ca ce.l\HlllTeM no TOMe, lllTO KO.l\ OBor HeMa
HY)KH HilKe 1ll0Jbe- Beli je cy.l\ 3a Bpillelbe HY)l(.I\e y no.l\y, a HY)l(.f\a ce 06aBJba
y llyqelieM c1'aBY. nOCY.l\a je 0.1\ mlBeHor y BH.I\y nnHTKor TalbHpa
KOjH ce y6eToHI1pa y no.l\ TaKO,.I\a My je ropiha I1BHua y paBHHHI1 nO.l\a.
CaM no.l\ Tpe6a 113pa.l\HTH y 6naroM HarH6y npeMa nocYAI1, KaKO 011 ce BO.l\a
npH npalby nOAa naKO Oue.l\Hna. Cn. 102.
105
., nOCYAa le nOAeWeRa 3a 'IY'Ielul CTaB nOMolty ABe H3fipa3AaRe naD}"Ie
H3p;HrHYTe AO BHCHHe cnOJbawue HBHue cYAa Y H"BOY nO,lla. Ha fiO'lRe ce
102 - Hy<IIllK qyqanau
CnHKa 103 - I{OMnneTlIII ypcljaj 4YQanua
106
3HAOBe Mory CTaBH'!"H HapO'lHTH Ap)l{a'lH Ha nOTpeoHoi BHCHHH panH onal,-
Illal-ba ynoTpeoe HymHHKa, OA CTpaHe CTapHX H ooneCHHX ocooa.
\IIHa'le 'lY'IaBau HMa Kao H HopManaH Kn03eT rpno 3a Be3Y ca HCnH-
pa'lOM l.\eBH, pe3epBoap 3a HCnHpal-be H HcnY-CHH OTBOp. BHAH cn. 103. CH!jlOH je
noceoaH, JlHBeHH H nOAeIlleH Tal{O, Aa My je DOKnOnau 3a 'lHnrliel-be H3BaH
yoeToHHpaHor KopHTa y HHBOY nOAa cnooOAaH H npHCTyna'laH en. 104.
npeTxoAHo ce Mopa H3BpliHITI:I cnoi. cHQJoHa ca OABOAHOM ueBH nOMoliy
I(YAeJbe H aCQJaJITa HJlH OJlOBa npeMa TOMe, Aa nH je OABOAHa ueB Kepa
CJlIIKa \04 - llllBeHH CllcjJOH 3a - .
MH'lKa HnH miBeHa; 3aTHM ce H3BPIllH cnoj caMor 'lY'laBl.\a ca CHQJOHOM, na
ce Tel{ OHAa 'lY'laBau yoeTol:IHpa y nOA HymHHKa. BenH'lHHa 'lY'laBl.\a H3HOCH
600/175 MM. a npe'lHHK cH(jJoHa H OABOAa je OA 100 MM.
npHMeHa 'lyqaBua HMa CBOj}lX npHCTaJlHua H npOTHBHHKa. Y xHnljeH-
CKOM norneAY nOBOJbHH cy, jep HCKJbY'lyjY. AOI.\HP ocooe ca ceAHIllTeM. l{ao
npaKTHllHa CTpaHa CMaTpa ce: Ayma TpajHocT
/" npHoopa H HMtoryliHOCT JlOMa, naKO OApma-
Bal-be 'lHCTOne npH BeJlHKOM npOMeTY, 300r
MoryliHOCTH npal-ba. HenOBOJbHa HM je cTpa-
Ha HenoAecHocT sa CTape H ooneCHe
3aTHM oaIll 300r Tora Ill'fO je CMeIllTeH y
nOAY H Mome ce naKO npaTH, BHIlle cy H3-
JlO)KeHH 3araljHBal-bY H 3arYIlle1-bY, Te 'leCTO
oAajy OABpaTaH H3rnel.\ H 3aAax. npHMeHa
OBHX HymHHI<a y CaBpelt\eHoj caHHTapHoj Te-
XHHI.\H CMaTpa ce, Kao KopaK YHa3aA, y
OAHOCY Ha nOCTojelie ycaBpIlleHe Hy>KHH'lKe
npHoope.
Jb) MonmaJlca KA03ema
l{noseTcKa ce IllOJba nOCTaBJba Ha OT-
cToj al-bY 19 CM. 01.\ 3HAa AO OCOBHHe O.[lBOAHe
ue3H y nOAY. l{oA H3BeCH HX BpCTa IllOJba OBO
oTcToj al-be Mome OHTH H Apyroja'le. 300r
Tora ce npH H3Boljel-bY 1<JT03eTCKHX orpaHaKa
l{yliHe l<aHanH3aUHje yHanpeA MOPll 3HaTH,
l
2J
CJlHI(a \05 - J(olba \(JI 03CTCI( a
)lacl( a
l<aKBa ne BpCTa IllOJbe .[IOnH y 003HP, [(aKO OH ce Hsoerne AouHHje KOMnnH-
l<al.\Hje H cKyno nOMepalhe oABOAHe ueBH npHnHKOM MOHTame IllOJbe .
UIoJba ce npH'IBpUIl1yj e y nOA nOMoliy AOl-be l<noseTCKe Aacl<e oA OopO-
Bor JJ. pBeTa. ,UaCKa je AeOJbHHe 2" (52 H SaCelJeHa je Ha naCTHH pen
107
ca UIMPOM CTpaHOM Ha H"}I(e. ce npaBoyrnor OfinHRa BeJ1H4"lie
25.'45 CM. ca KPY}l(HHM npopesoM - OTBOPOM npe4HHKa 104 MM. BHAH CJJ. 105.
npe HaMeWTal-ba AacKa ce 06pe)Ke TatrnO npeMa OfinHl(Y .ll.OH>er nOCTOJba
WOJhe TaKo, lla He WTpqH 1'1 lla ce He BlillH Iili Mano "SBaH ofioAa 1II0Ji>e Y
nOllY _ Al>o ce TO He y4HHH, l<pajeBH llaCKe HSBaH 1II0Jbe fipso nOTaMHe K
KBape oHaj '!HCT yTHcaK L\eJ10r ypeijajaj lIITa BHlIIe BpeMeHOM n04lilbY Aa
TpyHy YCJlell KBaWetba npRnHKOM npal-ba nOlla . Tpyne}l( ce nOTOM UJJ.IpH Ii
Ha }l,eo Heno}l, UlOJbe, Te ce HCTa nO'IHe KnaTHT" Y CBOM ne}l(HWTy " nocraHe
HeCTa6HnHa.
)J,OI-bY llacKy TpeGa nOCTaBHTH Ta4HO y HHBOY 6Y}l,ytler- nOlla, na}l(JbHBO
je ueHTpHpa1'H npeMa 01 BOPY Y nOllY K naSH1'H }l,a ce He HCKOCH .I1S ynpaBHor
npaBHa npeMa SHlly H nOTOM je yfieToHHpaTH_ O)lBOllHe ueBH (ol(pe-
HyT Hit BHwe) Tpe6a nOCTaBHTH HI1)!(e Oil
nOAa, Sa llefiJbHHY AOl-be llaCHe. )J,Otbl1 L\eBa-
O
cm Aeo 1lI0lbe npeMa}l(e ce MHHHMyMOl\\ pas-
peljeHHM y q}HPHHCy 1'1 06aBI1je npaMel-loM
ol<aTpal-beHe Kyllelbe, na ce yByqe y l<aHa-
O
JlH3aL\HoHY OJlBOllHY L\eB. M3Meljy 1l0lbe lla-
CI(e 1'1 1lI0Jbe, CTaBlba ce onOBHH HnH rYMelHI
nHCT - YMeTaK CJI. 106.
OBO Ba}l(I1 3a 1lI0lbe Oil <jJajaHca, a l<OA
rB03}l,eHI1X nHBeHHX 1lI0lba, Ha6Hje ce y Ha-
rnaBal< l<y4l1Ha na ce caCTaB 3aJll1je paCTo-
OnOBOAl.
eJlIII\<1 106 - r YMeHII YMcTaK CBal(a WOlba I1Ma Ha AOtbeM 060AY tl e-
Tl1pH yllIl111e ca 1136yweHI1M pynaMa I(P03
Koje ce npH4BpCTH wOlba 3a no}l, nOMohy MeclmraHHx nOHH!(nOBaHHX saBp-
Tal-ba. He cMejy ce ynoTpe6lbaBaTH 06H'LHI1 m0311eHH 3aBpTI-bI1, jep 6p30
3apljajy na ce nocJle TeWI{O Mory O}l,BpHyTH 31(0 3a
T
pefia, Te }l,olj e )l.O npCI<al-ba
YU1I1lla 1lI0lba H HeCTafiHJl HOCTH ceJlHWTa.
)J,acl<a 3a Cellel-be I1Ma ABa Aena: je}l,aH HenOl<peTaH 11 je}l,aH I(OjH ce
MO)I(e OJlH3aTH. HenOI<pe1'IHI ce lleo npH'rBpCTI1 3a 1lI0lby nOMol, y }l,Ba CneL\H-
janHa 3aBpTfba l<ojH npona3e CI<P03 Rp03 }l,ac!(y, a ca }l,ol-be
CTpaHe 11MaJY HaBpT!(y. nOI{peTi-IH ce }l,eo AaC!(e nOIlI1)!(e nOMohy llBe MaCHBHe
nOHHl<J10BaHe Wapl{e. SHAll CJI. 90
Sesa HcnHpa41<e L\eBH ca 1lI0lbOM H3BOllil ce nOMohy Hap0411Te ryJlleHe
HitBJlaRe cn. 107. McnHpa'll{a ce l\eB npeTxoAHo npeMa}l(e MHI-IHMYMOM nOMe-
108
WaHI1 ca qmplIHcoM, ce 06aBI1je OKaTpalDeHOM I<YlleJbOM H OH,aa ce
yBylfe y YJHIBHO rpno WOlbe, Ha Koje je npe Tora HaByqeHa rYMeHa IIaBnal{a.
Ha I<pajy ce roplDH Ileo HaBnal(e npHTerHe cnOlba MeOlHraHOM )/OIUOM y3
l1Cnl1palf Ky ueB.
\{Oll Bet;11He KnOSeTa I1cnl1paql(a je ueB OA onOBa, anH al(O je MeCI1H-
r aHa-nOHI1I nOBaHa, oHAa palll1 enaCTI1'IHoCTI1 cnoja, Tpeoa yMerny'rn Ha cnojy
ca WOJbOM OJIOBHI1 nyl<. Besa no- .-
MOt;y rY,\leHe HaBnaKe Hl1je no-
cToj aHa. rYMa BpeMeHOM OTBpllHe
11 I1cnpCKa a MO)!(e OI1TI1 11 3ace-
lfeHa Hena)KI-bOM MOHTepa npl1 0-
J\IOTaBaI-bY )!(I1UOM, Te cacTaB npo-
nywTa BOilY.
60Jbl1 je Halfl1H n0Mot;y Ha-
pOlllHHX nOHI1KnOBaHI1X 3aTera
Ha cn. 108. rpnl1t;a WOJbe
HaBYlfe ce Ileoeo rYMeHH npcTeH,
na ce 3aTera lfBpCTO npl1TerHe ca
):I Ba 1(0H'fpa 3aBpnba.
Be3a I1cnHpalf"e ueBI1 ca
pe3epBoapoM 3a BOilY 113BOIlI1 ce
CJJJIl(a 108 - CTe3aJbl(a 3a
HCmlpal!1<)' l(CB
Cnl1l<a 109 - XoneH.I\ep 3a Be3Y
ca pe3epBOapoM
nOMoliy HapOlfl1Tor MeCHHraHor I{OneHJ(epa 11' ryMeHor YMeTKa en . 109. Pe3ep-
Boap ce y'IBpwliyje Ha 3111l nOMoliy KOH30na I1nH nOMot;y HapolfM'rnx H30y-
WeHI1 X yWl1ua ca ropl-be cTpaHe cY.!la npeMa 3HIlY. npeTxollHo ce yrnaBe
IlpBeHe nal<JTHue y 3HIlY H nooHjy MeCHHraHH I<JTHHOBH, 0 Koje ce nocne
OI(alfl1 pe3epBoap.
Ha Cnl1WI 110 llaT je HsrneA H HaqHH Be3e Kn03eTCKe WOJbe: C ropl-be
cTpaHe ca pe3epBoapoM 3a HcnHpalDe, H C 1l0IDe cTpaHe, ca OIlBOAHOM
BepTHKanoM.
AI) CMO<lHulJe-nucoapu
OBaj ypel)aj enY)l(H HCKJbYlfl1BO 3a H OABOA MOI{pafie.
I)ajy ce yrnaBHOM KOA jaBHl1x oOjeKaTa, rAe je npH MljCOBHOj ynoTpeOH'Te)Ke
I(OHTpOnI1CaTH H OAP)l(aBaTII lfl1CTohy HY)l(HMqKOr npocTopa . YBol)eIDeM nHcoapa
calfYBajy ce Kn03eTCI(e AaCKe Ha WOJbaMa OA KBaWelba, liTO 011 HeMI1HOBHO
6Hno ycneA lfewti!) ynQTpe6e Hero HHalJe.
Ha oBaj npl160p I(ao H Ha caM npOCTOp y KOMe ce Hana3H, Tpe6a
06paTI1TH HapOql1TY na)I<IDY. MOKpafia je Bpno cMpaAHa TeQHOCT, 300r aMO-
Hl1jaKa I(OjH ce pa3BHja, a y3 TO je H I(Y)I(Ha, jep CaIlP)I(H BenHI(H npoueHaT
109
TPYJbMBMX OpraHCI<MX cacTojaKa 0.1\ paCna.l\alba 6enaH'Iemme, a MO)l{e 6MTH
3apa)l(eHa 0.1\ 060nenHx oc06a H oc06a l(mIUOHowa.
Y TeXHl1'mOM ce norne.1\Y Mopa BOIIMTH pa'lYHa 0 pa30pHOM ./.\ejCTBY
MOKpahe Ha BeliHHY rpaljeBHHCI<MX MaTepHjana (oneI<Y, KaMeH, ./.\pBO H Me-
nne). 360r Tora ce nMCoapcKM npH60pH
T H3pal)yjy 0.1\ ornopHHx MaTepMjana I<ao 0'/'\:
6enoBMHe, l<aMeHOBHHe H l(aMe
H H H a. .D,a 6H ce MeTanHH .l\enOBH (apMa-
Type) Ca'lYBanH O.Q HarpH3al-ba, MOKpalia ce
Mopa MHorOCTpYKO pa36na)l{MTH BO.QOM CHa-
)l{HHM CnHpal-beM.
emma 110 - nOJlOll(aj " oe3a
KJI03CTa ca OCpTHI(anOM
3a apMaType .l\Ona3H Y 063Hp caMO:
6 a_l< a p H Me C H H r nOHHlmOBilH HnH
xpOMHpaH.
3H.l\OBH H nO.QOBH npoCTopHje Tpe6a }1.a
cy rnaTI<H H nO.QeweHH 3a npal-be, }1.a He 6H
ynHjanH BO}1.y H HCnapel-ba H .Qa ce nal<we
O.Qp)l(aBajy y '1HCToIiH.
3a jaBHe nHcoape Mory ce CTaBHTH
nHcoapH H O.Q nHBeHor rBO)l{I)a H3HyTpa npe-
BY4eHH ne'leHHM eJllajnoM, -anH I-mcy 3a npe-
nopyl<y H3 Beli nOMeHyHlx pa3nora.
OpocTopHja 3a nHcoap Mopa 6HTH WTO
60Jbe OCBeTJbeHa H npOBeTpeHa. Haj60Jbe je
al<o HMa YHal<pCHY npoMajy H je.QaH npe}1.-
npOCTOp, 1<0jH ra pa3}1.Baja O.Q }1.pyrHx }1.e-
nOBa 3rpa.Qe. 06H4HO ce 3a jaBHe YCTaHOBe
H jaBHe nHcoape npe.QBHl)ajy rpyTIliH nHCO-
apH }1.0K ce 3a noje.QHHa4HY - nHlJHY yno-
Tpe6y pelje cTaBJbajy.
00 06nHKY H I<OHCTPYI(UHjH Mory 6HTH:
3 H}1. H H B H C e Ii H; C T 0 j eli H Ha MaCHB-
HOM cry6y HnH y BH.Qy P a B H 0 r 3 H.Q-
Hor nnaTHa.
H) 3UOHU 6ucetiu nHcoapH cy HajBHUle
y ynOTpe6H. 1Il0Jbe cy pa3Hor 06nHl(a WTO
3aBHCJ.I OJ( 1-bClle 113604Hue. Ha cn. II I BH.Qe ce pa3HH THnOBH WOJba. KOH-
no.neweHa I(ao I{OJ( Im03eTa ca py60M no yHyTpawl-beM 060}1.y
'fal(O, }1.a ce npHnHB BO.Qe H3 ropl-ber BeHTHna paBHOMepHO nO.QenH no uenoj
YHYTpawFboj nOBpwHIHI WOJbe H }1.a je 06nHje Tal(O, }1.a He OCTaHe HHje}1.HO
MeCTO cyl30 HeHcnpaHO.
C ropl-bC CTpaHe HMa rpnHIi 3a npHjeM BeHTHna 3a HcnHpal'be; C }1.01-be
je CTpaHe OTBOP 3a HcnycT, a no }1.HY H360QHue BO}1.a Kp03 pymlue OTH4e y
O}1.BOJ(HY ueB. Vlcno.Q 1ll0Jbe ce CTaBJba nOHHlmOBaH cneUHjanHl1 CH(jJOH npe-
qmll(a 60 MM. Cn. 112 . C ropl-bC cTpaHe }1.0na3H IlOHHI<nOBaH nyK H BeHTHn
3a HCTIl1pal-be OJ( 1/2" ca KanOM H KJbY4eM 3a oTBapal-be H perynHcal-be cn . 113.
WOJba ce MOHTI1pa Ha 3H.Qy y BHCHHH 0}1. 0,60 CM. 0}1. nO}1.a, nOMohy
nOHHlmOBaHHX 3aBpTal-ba y npeTxO}1.HO Y3H}1.aHe naKnHue. Oal(nHue Tpe6a-
na)KJbHBO rHnCOM y4BpCTHTH no je}1.HY ca CBal(e cTpaHe WOJbe Ta4HO npeMa
Ha HajMal-ba HeHcnpaBHocT npH nOCTaBJbal-bY wOJbe, Bt-!-
}1.JbHBa Je H 3HaK Je aJbI<aBor pa}1.a.
11 0
AKO je 3Hll oll 6eTOHa J,lnl1 6eTOHC":J.fX nJlO'Ia, OHAa ce YMeCTO YKOna-
BaFba naI<JlHua, HSBp'l'e pyne Y SHAy npeQHHI<a 7 MIt!. H lly6HHe 3--4 CM.
na ce y FbIiO( Ha6Hjy HapOQl1Te llaype (XHJlSHe) OA por03HHe ca yCIUIM I<aHa-

Cmma 111 - 3HIIHe nncoapcKe WOlbe
n"'!;eM 06J10)l(eHHM MecHHrOM. npH "saBpTFba, I( Ojl1 je Beher npe-
lIHI1Ka Hero. l<aH2Jl l1!; '1 aype, SHj\OBH ' '1aype 6YllY npHTHcHym Ha 6Q1(OBe
Cmma 112
C'HPOI! 3a m,coapcKY
WOlbY
113 - nllCoapCI(H BeHTIIJI ca
3H.la OA 6eTORa H TaKO ce nocnlrHe BPJlO '1BpCT 11 cHrypaH cnoj. Cnoj
CI1<jloHa ca WOJbOM BPWH ce l(aMeHHM I{ HTOM.
KOll n11COapa j e Haj Ba)KHHje nocmhH CHa)l(HO Hcnl1paFbe BOAOM. OHO
ce nOCTH)Ke Ha TpH Ha'l HHa, . WTO saBHCl1 Oll THna mlcoapa 11 Ha'lHHa yno-
111
Tpe6e \IIcnHpalbe MO)l(e 6HTH: CTanHO, y jellHal( HM npeKH A IIMa
H llojellHHatlHO. .'
npBa IlBa HatlHHa ce OIlHoce lIa CI(ynHe nHcoape, J(OlH ce HcnHpalY
H3 BOlloBollHe ueBI1 IlHpel(THO HnH H3 .3aje)lHI1t1I<Or pe3epBoapa Y npe-
1<I'IIlHMa.
nojellHHatlHO je HcnHpalbe nocne CBaHe ynoTpe6e l(aO iii J(on Kn03eTa.
CTanH3 HCntlpal-be y TaHI(HM perynHllle ce !Obyqe
M
lIa BeH-
THn cnaBHHH 3a HcnHpalbe, a 1l0na3H y 063Hp HOIl jaBHHX 3HIlHHX nHcoapa,
no )!(eJbe3HHql(HM cTaHHuaMa, J(acapHaMa H T: cn .
CnHJ<a 114 - 'pynHII nllcoap ca jeAHIIM IICnl'pa'ieM
\IIcnHpalbe y jenHaKHM p'a3MauHMa llOCTH)J(e ce nOMol;y jellHor sajellH
H
-
tl J(or pe3epBoapa H pa3BOilHe ueBHe Mpe)l(e 110 CBaKor nHcoapn:or MecTa.
Pe3epBoap je nOllellleH 3a caMOnpa)l(lbelbe Ha Bel; 06jallll-beHl1 HatlHH,
I<P03 HeKpeTHH C11(POH HnH J(p03 3BOHO. nOll llejcTBoM HCIiCaBal-ba Oil H3a-
3BaHor BaltyyMa y CHcjJOHy HnH 3BOHY, llpenHje ce BOlla y pa3BOllHY Mpe)l<y
H paBHOMepHO ce nollenH Ha CBaJ(O nHcoapCKO MeCTO.
BpeMeHCJ(H pa3MaK 3a nOHOBHo nYlbelbe A npa)l(lbel-be pe3epBoapa,
nOllelllaBa ce npeMa llOTpe6H, 6pojy MeCTa H yqeCTanOCTH ynoTpe6e. CMaTpa
ce, Ila oBaj pa3MaJ( He Tpe6a Ila 6Ylle IlY)l(H Oil jen
He
MHHyTe.
ce pe3epBOapa npeMa 6pojy' micoapCKI1x MeCTa
paqYHalyliH Ha CBal(O MeCTO no 2-3 nHT.
3a llHcoape, llojellHHe ce 1ll0Jbe MOHTHpajy Ha pa3MaKY 0,80
'AO 1,00 M. lenHa Oil Ilpyre, a CBal<e ce CTaBJbajy llperpan
e
.
112
,D.olba HBI1l\a nperpaJle He AoriHpe AO nOAa, Bet; je OAHTHYTa sa 20-30
eM. a y HAe AO I ,20
nperpaJle ce H3paljyjy OA eMaJbl1paHOr JTHMa, OA TaHKI1X Ta6JTI1 cj>ajaHca
MJletflfor CTaKJla. OJl 3HAa cy oAMal<HYTe 3a HeKOJlI1KO eaHTIlMeTapa,
Y4BpurlieHe ITOM01,y rB03AeHI1X eMaJbl1paHI1X I<OH30Jla I1JlH nOMotiy nOHHI{JlO-
BaHHX I(YKa.
l{oH30Jle ee I<ao 1'1 I<Yl<e npwlBpw-
hyjy nOHI1I{JlOBaHHM 3aBpTlbHMa y 3.11AHe
naKmme HJlH tfaype. Ha CJT. 114 npl1l<a3aH
je rpynHI1 rnrcoap ca 3ajeAHI1tf1(I1M Hcnl1-
paqeM.
3HAHe nHcoapcl<e
W 0 Jb e H3pa1jyjy ce OA l<aM8HI1Ha (<\laep-
TOHa) 1'1 cnaAajy y JlyKcy3Hy H3paAY.
It\cnl1pajy ce YBel< CBaKa noce6f10, qal< H
l(aIl cy rpynHO nopeljafle. illoJba HMa
yrpaljeH CI1<\lOH 11 Y cBeMy je OCTaJlOM
CJTl1tfHa 1{Jl03eTcl(oj WOJbI1. ,D.oBOAHH nyI<
ca HcnHpalbe y Be311 je ca I1CnHpa'ieM OA
.cJ>ajaHca HnH ca naTeHT I1CnHpa'ieM. Ha
CnHKa 115 - v13rnell CTojehHx
nHcoapcKHx WOlba
Cnl1KaMa 115, 115a 11 1156 BRAe ce cTojetie nl1coapcJ< e WOJbe y 113rneAY H
npecel<y. BI1CI1Ha je WOJbe 71 CM. a 11350qHHa 42 eM.
/b) 3UOHU pa8Hu nucoapu Aona3e y 06311p Y n030pI1WTHMa, XOTenl1Ma
11 yonIIITe y CBHAla 3rpaAaMa rAe ce HapO'll1TO nona)l<e Ha nen CnOJbaWHI1
113rneA. It\3paljyjy ce OA l<aMeHHHa HS jeAHor ok_
]{OMaAa y BI1JlY paBHHx 3HJlHHX nnaTHa BH- = l
CHHe 1,2 M. OA nOAa H cMaTpajy ce I<ao ",
HajnYI<cY3HHjl1 ypeljajH. ea cTpaHe I1Majy
nOBHjeHe 601<0Be, 1<0jH CJTJ)I<e I<ao ' nperpaJle
I
1
. 1
I
1
r
'L I I
I ....
Cn. 115a II C1I. 11 56 - CTOjehe nllCoapCKe WOlbe y npeceKY
H3Meljy nojeAI1HHx MecTa.
Mory 6HTH nojeJlHHa'lHI1 eaMocTanHH, camM jeAaH ys JlpyrH no HeI<O-
nl1I<O I1nl1 cy y HH3Y I<ao jeAHa llenHHa.
It\cnl1pajy ce 113 3ajeAHI1Ql<Or pesepBoapa OA <jlajaHca, ca 06HJlHHM no-
BpeMeHI1M HnH CTanHI1M Hcnl1palbeM.
PesepBoap ce cHa6AeBa BOAOM nOMot;y 0611QHe TOQene cnaBHHe, Koja ce
OTBapa npeMa norpe6H a HeITHpa'i je ca caMOnpa)l(lbelbeM.
BeHTHn npl1 Bpxy npl160pa nO,1(eureH je Tal(O Aa lleny nOBp1IIl1HY paBHO-
MepHO I1CITI1pa.
8 I{ylma
113
Y AHy 11Mafy )l(Jbeo 3a oAm-1S Ii nOHHKnOBaH ca yJbeM. Ha en. 116
M 117 BI1Ae ce TaKBM ypeijajM nojeAI1Ha'llUl 11 rpynHI1, a Ha en . 118 Jl,aTI1 cy
npeeeUI1 311AHor nl1coapa.
CnJ1lIHO TOMe 113paljyjy ce rpynHI1
nl1coapl1 OA nomyHo paBHI1X Ta6nl1 OA
<pajaHca Hnl1 Mne'IHOr cTaI<na. Ca .bl1Ma
ce 06na)I(Y 311AOBI1 Ha BI1CI1HY OA 1,2 M.
na ce uena AY)I(I1Ba caMO 1l3Aenil n pe-
rpaAaMa Ha oTcToja.bY OA 80 CM. Kao
Il I(OA 311ABI1X Bl1cetil1X llJOJba. Y "AHy
ce AY>K uene 06nore CTaBJba 3ajeAHI1'1Kl1
l<aHanl1ft - )KJbe6 OA IlCTor MaTepl1jana
ca Ham60M npeMa 3ajeAHI1lJKOM OABO)lY
ca nOHlll<nOBaHI1M CI1<p0HOM.
CBaKO MeCTO I1Ma CBOj BeHTlln 3a
IlCnllpaJ-be, a BOAa ce Aenll 113 jeAHor
3aj eAHIl'll(or HCnl1pa'la Ha 3IlAY.
0) 3UaaHU nucoapu. Y ul1JbY y-
llJTeAe Mory ce rpynHIl nl1coapl1 Jil3pa-
ljllBaTl1 11 Ha nllllY MeCTa. n peTXO)l llO
ce 031lAajy TaHI(e nperpa)le oA oneKe
11nll 6eToHa BI1Cl1He 1,2 M. Fla pa3Ma-
I<y OA 80 CM., na ce noene uena no-
BPllJl1Ha 06nO)I(H l(epaMIl'l1(I1M nnO'lI1-
llaMa. 811AI1 cn. 119.
npl1 )lHY, AY)l( CBI1X nperpaLla
npOBna'lH ce 3ajeAHIl41(11 )1(Jbe6-I(aHa-
nllft, 113paljeH Oil onY'lacTl1x l (epaMH-
. '1J(I1X nn04l1l1a. Ha I<pajy onyKa KOjl1
je y Harl16y npeMa OLlBO)ly,
CTaBJba ce 3ajeLlHH'II(11 nOHHJ(nOBaH CI1-
Cmll(a 11 6 - 3HIIH" paBan C<L\IOCTanaH <pOB ca YJbeM.
nHcoap Yicnl1paJ-be je 113 aajeAHI1'1](Or pe-
3epBoapa y npeKIlJl,IlMa 11ID1 CTanHO AH-
peKTHO 113 BOAoBOAHe ueBH. f1.ojeAI1Ha ce MeCTa Hcnl1pajy nOMOfty LlOBO)lHor
nYI(a 3a HCnl1paJ-be, Hnll ce Ha ropJ-boj CTpaHH o6nore 113pa)lM )1(Jbe6, no I, OMe
Te'le BO)la 11 npenl1Ba ce HaHH)I(e o6nl1-
BajyliH ueny nOBpllJl1HY 311)la.
Cmma 11 7 - 311/lH1I paBan nHcoap (rpynHH)
114
0 -


- 18
en. 118 - npecel\1I 31111nor nl!coapa
OBa BpCTa mlcoapa He 3anOBOJbaBa nOTnYHO xllnrjeHcr.e 3aXTCBe, jep y
cnojlmue nnolmua 3acTaje 11 npJb3BWHHla.
HajjenHocTaBHHjH nm CI<ynHllx mlcoapa H3BOnl1 ce on 0611lJHOr
BHRCI\Or MaTepHjana. I{ao nOAnora cnY)lUl caM- 311A. nOBpll.UlHa ce 31!J\a.
Cmma 119 - 311J\aHH .flHCOap
ueMeHTHI1M ManTepOM M yrna'la, a nOTOM ce npeMa)Ke 6MTYMeHOM'
Y nony nY)l( 3Hna 113panH ce onYI< on 6eTOHa 11 no6po yrnaqa a Ha I<pajy
ce CTaBH nHBeliH Cf!lCPOH. ce BPWH nOMoliy BOnOBOnHe ueBM on 1/2".
I(oja ce CTaBJba nY)1( 3Ht{a. Bona npona311 /
I(P03 H36yweHe pynHue H cnHpa ueny no-

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to __ _
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C.1111(a 120 - CwllOH ca YJbCM Y nOIlY
OBaj 1'lalJHH cnY)l(fI 3a npl1BpeMeHe cBpxe, HnH 3a jaBHe nHcoape no
ManllM iKene31HIlllUIM cTaHHuaMa. Tpe6a HacToj anl npH TOM na npOBeTpaBaIM
11:>
npOCTopa 6YAe lUTO jaqe, a lUTO Haj60Jbe je I\a' BOlla
CTa.J1HO H 06HJlHO Teqe.
nl1coap Oil rB0311eHor J]I1Ma y BT-rlly OJlYKa HenocTojaH j e II Hexl1mjeH-
CKH, Te ra Tpe6a H36al\lHH 1'13 ynoTpe6e.
n) nUcoapCKu CUgiOIi y noiJy
Ha CJl : 120 81111H ce j ellaH Hap.o1.!HTI1 nm clHpoHa, l<.ojH ce yn.oTge6JbaBa
CaM.o K.oA nl1c.oapa. OOJlHl{a je I{PY)I(Hor. OCKM Pynl1qaCT-or nOHI1KJlOBaHOr
nOKJl.onlla, HMa K.oq)HllY ca npeJlHBOM, I(.oja ce n.oM.oliY IIplUKe M.o)I(e BaAI1TH.
Y K.o<j>l1l1Y je YByqeH j.olU jeAaH lIeBaCl'l1 lIe.o, Y 1(.ojl1 ce Hacne CJl.oj MJHIE!"-
pa.J1H.or yJba. K.o<pa ca lIeJl.oM 06pa3yje 1I0CTa lIy601{ CI1<j>OR, lIa ce
He MO)l(e JlaK.o HCI1CaTH. M.o!<palia ce pa36Jla)!<eHa B.oIIOM CJlI1Ba y CH<j>OH Y
BHIIY CHTHI1X KanJbHUa H n.oWTO HMa Bel;y l'DI(HHY Oil YJb8 ,
np.oKanJbyje Ha 1'1 .oTWle Y .oIIBOIIHY ueB. n.oM.oliy CJl.oja yJba CnpeqaBa
ce HcnapaBali>e MOKpalie y nHCOapCI(H np.oCTOp.
27. npH60pH 3a l(yxHIi>Cl(e CnlIa'lHHe,
OBa je BpCTa .o6jel(aTa nOllelUeHa I1C[(JbY'lHBO 3a npHjeM H .oAB.oII I( y-
x H Ii> C I( e .0 T n a II H e B .0 II e H C n J.I a 'I 11 H a. r JlaBHa CMeTli>a 3a A06p.o
cm;:pafbe .oBHX B.olla jecTe Callp>KIHla hi a C H H X q e C T H,lI a K.oje ce Jlal(.o
CTBpAlbaBajy H Jlene 3a npH60pe, a Hen.oBoJblie cy H 3a lIe.o .oIIBOIIHH CI1CTeM.

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. 1
01
CnHl(a 121 - KYXHlbCI(C 'ICCMCHCI<C WOIbC
'" ".
r
I
,
I
--- __ __ J
C T.ora ce npenopyqyje CnHpali>e ypeljaja TOnJlOM B.oI\OM,
a CI1<j>OH M.opa 611nl clia61\eBeli H3ABaj aqeM hl t CHI I)CT<j>aHr.oM),
116
Y norneil Y M360pa 60JbM cy npM60pM 0.1\ 6eJlOBMHe H J(aMe-
HMlla, aJlH ce yrrorpe6JbaBajy H OJ{ JlI1BeBOr J.lJlH ce I<OM6HHyjy Ott
06aJ{Be Bpere. Y cnaJ{ajy:
u) /{YXlI1bCKe qeC,MeHCKe LUOJbe
HajjeJlBOCraBHMjM npH60p y l(yjHM jecrer.3B. I( YXJHbCl(a
jep je l{aMefbeHa caMO 3a rO'lelbe nHjane BOJ{e M 3a rrpocMnalbe ynorpe6JbeHe
BOJ{e. OHa ce cacrojM M3 OBaJlHe HJlH '1erBpracre 1ll0Jbe. rOlJehe CJlaBlfHe M
OJ{BOiJ,Hor cH<pOHa. CaMa je 1ll0Jba npo-
cror 06J1Fll(a M MMa y .1\Hy pynH'Iacr
OTBOp. a c roplbe crpaHe HHCI(a MJlM
BMCOl(a nelja. YI<ynBa nOBpUlHHa py-
nI'llla y J{HY cYJ{a, rpe6a ila je J{Ba
nyra Belia, OJ{ nOBplllMHe npeceI<a rO'lelie
cnaBFlHe.
14360p u6mlI<a 3aBHCH OJ{ 3MJ{He
rrOBp1JJFlBe Ha I(ojy ce CraBJba .
_ AI(o je 3HJ{ o60jeH MacH OM 60jOM,
OHJ{a je 60Jbe Y3erH 1ll0JbY ca'BMCOI(HM
neljHMa, Y J{oj HMa ce Hana311 11 cna-
BMHa.
AI(O j e 3HJ{ 06nO)I(eH nnO'lHllaMa ,
OHJ{a ce y3MMa 1ll0Jba ca HHCI(HM ne-
Ij11Ma, a cnaBHHa je oHJ{a H3BaH 1ll0Jbe
Ha 3HJ{Y. CnaBHHa je npe'lHHl(a 1/2",
c
I I
CnHKa 122 - n ono}l(aj H cnoj 4ccMe
Ha nepTHKany
no I<BanMrery HMa BpC're: r B 0 3 J{ e Hen M B e He H3Hyrpa eMa-
Jbl1paHe; OJ{ 'l e n H II H 0 r n M AI a ca 06ailBe cr paHe H OJ{ <p a-
j a I-I c a, a npeMa rOMe YlMajy M OJ{rOB..a pajyli e AenOBe.
CJIIiKa 123 - J{oM6HllOBaHa CnaBI"'" 33 Tonny II XJJallHY DOilY 3a cYllonep
Y3 nHBeHy lllOJby cneJ{yje MeCHBraBa cnaBHBa M nHBeHM CM<pOH a y3
)!,pyre J{Be Bpcre MilY rrOBI'IKnOBaHl1 J{enOBM. CH<pOB je npellHHl(a 40 MM.
117
4eCMe ce Mo.HTHpajy Ha 85 CAl. 0.11. no.Aa. npH4Bpwtiyjy ce MeCHHraHHM
IInH no.HHI(no.BaHMM 3aBpTfbHMa y 31'IAHe naI<mlUe HnM llaype.
Ho.PMan/ia BenH'IHHa nelja M3Ho.CH o.Ko. 440/ 440 MM., a o.BanHH Aeo. je
ca no.nynpellHHKo.M 0.11. 250 MM. Ha cn . 121 BHJl.e ce pa3He BpCTe qeCaMa, a
fla en. 122 npHKa3aHa je BeJa 'leCAIe ea o.Jl.Bo.AHo.M BepTHI<ano.M.
6) CyiJonepu
Y ypeljeHMM H Bel1HM l<yjHaMa no.peA 4ecaMa npeJl.BMlja ee 11 Hap0.4HT
ypeljaj 3a npafbe no.eylja H npH60.pa 3a jeno.. CYAo.nepM ce H3paljyjy 0.11.
JJ H B e H 0. r r B 0. )I( Ij a H o.Jl. K aM e H H H a (<\laepTo.Ha). .
11 H Be H H C Y Jl. 0. n e p H HMajy no. 0.6o.AY paM 0.11. TBpJl.o.r ApBeTa. Mo.ry
6HTH jeJl.Ho.AenHH H ABo.AenHH. Bo.lbe OJl.ro.Bapajy CBo.jo.j Jl.BOAenHH, jep
ce y jeAHoM l(o. PHTY nepy eyJl.o.BH, a Y Jl.pyro.A1 ce HcnHpajy. Ha 3HJl. ce
ltIoHTHpajy no.Mo.l1y nHBeHl1X eAlajnl1paHHX I<DH3o.na Ha BHCHHH 0.11. 80 CM.
<>11. no.Aa.
Y AHy ce 1<00pHTa Hana3H o.TBo.P 3a HcnycT ea no.HHKno.BaHHM 4eno.M
"a naH4H11y HnH lllHnl.\H. "!cno.Jl. I(o.pHTa Ao.na3H nHBeHH CFl<\lo.H ca CI(ynlba-
CJlIII(a 124 - nHoelul cYlloneplI
lleM MaCTH. C ro.pfbe CTpa-
He, 1<00pHTo. HAia npenHB ca
o.TBo.po.M Jl.Ba nyTa Bel1HM 0.11.
o.TBo.pa T0.4e11e cnaBHHe. Cna-
BHHa je MeCHHraHa 0.11. 1/2 ",
a al<o. cYJl.o.nep HMa H To.nny
Bo.Ay, o.HAa Jl.o.na3e Jl.Be enq.-
BHHe. Tal(Be ABo.jHe cnaBHHe
0.6H4Ho. cy no.Be3aHe yjeAHo.
ca jeJl. Ho.M no.MH4Yl1o.M ny-
nOM Tal(o., Jl.a cnY)I(H 3a 0.6a
l<o. PHTa en. 123 .
. Bo.}l.a ce To.llH npeMa
no.Tpe6H: xnaAHa, To.nna HnH
Mnal(a. CnaBMHY 3a To.nny
Bo.AY npeABHJl.eTH TaMo.,
rJl.e no.cTo.jH HHCTaJTal\Hja 3a
nplinpeMy To.nne Bo.Jl.e.
\{o.Jl. Bel1Hx ce cYAo.nepa
ca cTpaHe Mo.)l(e CTaBHTH j e-
AaH Jl.o.Jl.aTa y BHAY nmIT-
o.r l<opHTa 0.11. MeCHHraHo.r
nHMa HJIH l.\HHKa o.6no.)l(eHo.r Jl.pBeHo.M pellleTI(o.M, Ha Ko.jy ce CTaBlba o.npaHo.
no.cylje Jl.a ce o.l.\eAH o.Jl. Bo.Jl.e. OKo.no. o.Be pellleTI(e HMa HI1CI(a no.HHKno.BaHa
orpaJl.Hl\a Jl.a He 6H nocylje OI(nH3Hyno.. PellleTl(a ce o.CnaH,a jeJl.Ho.M CTpaHo.. \
Ha eMajnHpaHy nHBeHY l, o.H30.ny, a Apyro.M CTpaHo.M ne)I(K Ha py6y cyJl.o.nepa
ea 6naniM HarI16o.M npeMa cyJl.o. nepy.
MaCU8H.U cyiJonepu. Bo.lbH H nYKCY3HHjl1 je THn CyJl.o.nepa Jl.Bo.Jl.en HI-1 o.Jl.
l<aMeHl'lHa. YeneA CBo.je BenHKe Te)I01He, Mo.HTHpa ee Ha MaCHBHHM Ho.raMa y
BI1AY ABa cry6a o. Jl. HCTo.r II\Ha4e HMa HCTe Jl.eno.Be l<ao. Ii
jell.HHo. je CHQ>o.H l(o.Jl. o.BllX no.HHKno.BaH y BHJl.Y Bemme l(yrne 11 no.Jl.eweH 3a
XBaTalbe MaCTH, ca Jl.Ba npl1KlbY41(a, 3a CBalUI Jl.eo. no. jeJl.aH. Ha en. 124
Bl1Jl.H ce THn nl1BeHo.r cyJl.o.nepa; Ha cn. 125 npHKa3aH je Ha'IHH npl1I<lby4Ka
118
ABOAenHor cYAonepa ca CBOjOM OABOAHOM BepTHl(anOM. Ha en. 126 nrn Oil.
J(aMeHHHa a Ha en. 127 BHAH ce aa cYAonepe. Ha Ta6nHl.\H XVIII
):laTe ey BenHtJHHe H Te)J(HHe nojeAHRHx Bpera cYAorrepa.
THn cYl\onepa
JeJl,HOnCJUfH llUBeHl[
.o.oonem-IH mmeHH


IIl..,or---.J
IIJIJ
CJlIIKa 125
I
L
I
Ta6J1Hl.\a XVIJI . 3a OeJlll qnHe cYl\onepa
I
BeJIH1.flma .llpOeHOr
I
BeJlllqHHa KOPIiTa Y MM.
paMa Y .. M.
565 x 565 450 x 450 x 180
1100 x 565 450 x 45Q x450 x 170
.[{oOl\eJlHH 01\ 1' .[{Y)KHHa Y MM. I llIHplIHa Y MM. I BUCIiHa Y MA .. IBHCIiHa CTy6a Y MM
KaMeHIUla
110 I 500 I 340 I 550
5
BeAUKU cyoonepu . 3a BenJ1J(e J(yjHe no peeTopaHHMa, 60nHMllaMa H T.
en. nocToje HapOtJHTM Benm(H cYAonepH Ha HoraMa ea ABa, tJeTJ1pH H BHllle
J(opHTa aa npalbe J( p Y n H 0 r J( y X M Ib e J( 0 r 'n 0 e y Ij a. OHH cy H3pa-
ljeHH Oil. tJenHtJHor nl1Ma cnOJba 6eno eMaJbHpaHH, a H3HyTpa je KOPHTO Oil.
llHHJ<a. Hore Ha J<ojHMa ce oenalba Ha nOA. 1'J3paljeHe cy Oil. 60Jber MeTana
na nOHHJ<nOBaHe, HnH OJ!. yraoHor rBO)J(lja eMaJbMpaHe. Ca Toplbe CTpaHe j e
paM OA TBpAor APBeTa .
.uOBOI( TOnJle H xnaAHe BOAe H3BeAeH je y nOAY, a AO CYAonepa BOAH
nOHHl<noBaHa lleB 1/2-3/4". CnallHHe aa xnaAHY M Tonny BOAy ytJBpurneHe
cy Ha py6y nperpaAe H HMajy nOMHtJHy nyny 3a nyH I<pyr TaKo,
Aa ce BOAa MO)J(e TO'II1TH y qerHpM nperpeAe ca jeAHor MeCTa.
3a O)l.BOA je npeABHljeH BHCOl(H l1CnycT ca APlllJ<OM, a H3paljeH je OA
6aJ(apHOr HnH MeCHHraHor nJ1Ma Ca npenHBoM Ha Bpxy. Be3a ca OABOAOM
H3BOAH ce nOMol;y npaBe nOHHl<nOBaHe lleBH OA 40 MM. npetJHHJ(a AO oABoAHe
pellleTJ<e y nOAy, ca H XBaTatJeM MaCHI.
nOnO)Kaj OBaJ(BOr cYAonepa je Y epeAHHM npocTopMje, Aa ce MO)J(e
l(OPHCTHTH ca CBe tJeTHpM cTpaHe. Ha cn, 128 BI1AJ1 ce j eAaH TaKaB ypeljaj.
3a npalbe Talbllpa M CHTHor nocylja no BeJlMJ(MM J<yjHaMa AOJla3e y
063MP HapotJHTe Mallll1He aa npalbe, nOMoliy l(Ojl1X ce MO)J(e Bpno 6p30
onpaTH BeJlHl<H 6poj nocylja. Mallll1He cy napHe 11 J1Majy nOAellleH ypel)aj
3a npalbe 6ea tJOBeQl1jer yAena. n OCTojJ'J ypeljaj 3a cYLUelbe onpaRor
11 9
CJlm<a 126 - CYiloncp 9il
CnllKa 127 _ nOHJllUIOOaHII MaCTI! - CUcjlOH 3a CYilonepc
120
no loliy TOnJlOr Ba3Jlyxa, a TaKO liCTO II aa aarpeBal:be TaIbHpa", ;J,8
ce jeJlo He CJlojaHH.
CJlliKa 128 - cyp.ooepK
8) flpaOHU1JU -:: nOJlfujape
3a -npOCl'loalbC npJbaBe BOlle y 1l0Malil1BCTBY 11 OJl, npalba nOllOBa npep,-
BHljajy ce HapO'lI1T11 npl160pl1 "n p a 0 H H U. Flu, a nOlllTO ce y lbl1X npocl1-
najy Ii l<yxl1lbCl<e Ha311Bajy ce jaw 11 nOM Ii! i ape. OBal<BJiI cy
1

.
CnHKa 129 - Yi3rnep. II npeceK CTojelier npaoIDiKa
121
npltOOpH HapO'lHTO nOTpeOHH y OOJIHHl\aMa 3a npaJ-be nJbYBaOHHl\a, HohHIIX
cynoBa H JIOnaTa 3a H}')I<.1\y.
H3paJJyjy ce on J1 H B e H 0 r r B 0 )I( Ij a HJIH jow OOJbe on l<aMeHHHa.
no CBOM OOJIHKY H KOHCTpyKl\HjH CJIH'lHH cy HY)l(HH'lKHM WOJbaM.a.
Ueo npHOOp ce cacTojH H3 cyna-WOJbe ca yrpaljeHHM CH$OHOM on 100 MM.
H H3 ypeljaja 3a HCmlpaJ-be. On HY)l(HH'lKe WOJbe ce pa3JIHKyje y TOMe, WTO
OCHM pe3epBoapa 3a HcnHpalbe HMa jow ABe CJIaBl-lHe: jenHY 3a XJIal\HY
npyry 3a Tonny Bony. YMeCTO ropJ-be KJl03erCKe
naCKe, HMa nOKpeTHy nOHHKJIOBaHY perneTKY, Ha
I<ojy ce CTaBJbajy nocyne 3a npaJ-be.
CJIaBHHe CJI}')l<e 3a nHpel<THO npaJ-be _ nocyna
~ U J a 3 M XJIanHe HJIH TOITJIe BOne.
,
l... - - &-10 - ---oJ
CJlHKa 130 - n peeeK BHeener
npaollHKa
CJllma 131 - J.13rJIe.ll uenor
ypeljaja npaoHIlKa
Pe3epBoap CJIY)KH 3a npaJ-be H HCnHpaJ-be caMe WOJbe. nocyna KOjy
Tpeoa onpaTH CTaBJba ce Ha perneTI<aCTH nOl<peTHH nOI(JIonal\ na ce H3 CJIa-
BIfHa TO'll'! BOna .
. Beke l<aoacTe nocyne CTaBJbajy ce y caMY rnOJby nOWTO ce peweTI<a
nOnHrl-le. I{an je npenMeT onpaH, nywTa ce y nejcTBO rJI aB}lH 31-1nHI-I HcnH-
pall. TaKO HCTO I<ana ce y rnoJbY npOcne npJbaBa Bona on nOMHja HJIH
npalba nOnOBa, HCnHpaJ-be ce OOaBJba nOhfofiy 3HnHor HCnHpatIa .
.Il.a OIl Bona H3 CJI aBHHe TeKJIa npaso y cpenllHy WOJbe, CTaBJbajy ce
HapO'lHTe CJ1aBHHe ca npOnY)\(HHM J< pal<OM I\a Ol'! ce 1\00HJIa Bena H300
l
JI-IUa
cJIaQ,!1He.
npaOHHl\H ce MOHTHpajy Ha HCTI1 HallHH I<ao H I(JI03eTCl<a WOJbe .
Ha Cm!l(aMa 129, 130 H 131 BHne ce TaKBH ypeljajl'!.
I{on Hac ce peTKO BHljajy npaomlUH y ynoTpeoH ceM y 00mll1uaMa.
MeljyrHM Tpetia HX npenBHljaTH y CBI1M jaBHHM 3rpanaMa, 1lI1{0JIaMa, APY-
WTBeHHM 3rpanaMa H T. CJI. rnerOA Tpeoa llpaTH BeJIHl<e nOBpWI1He MacllBHHX
nOnOBa H cTeneHl1WTa.
122
nOpeA ynoTpe6e aa npOCllnatbe npJbaBe BOAe 11 npatba aarat)eHer nocylja,
npaKTl1'lHa je CTpaHa TI1X npll60pa y TOMe, llITO ce Ha' ILHMa MO)Ke HajJlaKwe
HaToqHTH BOAa 3a npatbe nOI\OBa y Bemn(e TeWKe }(o!jle. OHe ce He Mopajy
I\p}KaTH Kao J.lHaqe, Bei'i ce C'faBe Ha peWeTl(aCTI1 nOJ{Jlonal{ WOJbe. CJlaBllHe
cy MOHTHpaHe Ha AOBOJbHoj BI1CI1HH (01(0 1 M.) OA nOl\a, Aa ce Mory CTaBHTH
H HajBei'ie Kocpe.
Y 'HeAOCTaTKY npaOHI1Ka npHMOpaHI1 CMO Aa TOqHMO BOAY 3a npatbe
nOAOBa He 06HqHHM qeCMaMa, Koje cy HenOAeCHe aa TO. TO'letbe je HanopHo,
jep rpe6a Ap.>I<aTH TeWI<H CYA ca BOI\OM, a npH TOM ce MHoro BOAe npocne
Ha nOA, nOWTO CYA Tpe6a Ap)KaTH HCKoca YCJleA Malle BHCI1He AO CJIaBHHe.
HOpMaJlHa BeJJlIqHHa npaOHHKa H3HOCH Y WI1PHHY 540 MM. a Y AY)KHHY
(j00 MM. CHCPOH je npeqHHI(a 100 MM. Ha npel\tbeM py6y rAe HaJle)Ke nOI<JJo-
nau, CTaBJba ce l{OAMeTaq OA ApBeHe neTBHue HJlH OA ryMe.
YMeCTO 3HAHor pesepBoapa, MO)J(e ce MOHTHpaTH naTeHT HCnHpaq.
npaOHI1l{H ce cMewTajy no jel\aH AO .ABa Y CBal(OM cnpary 06H'IHO Y npeA-
npOCTopHMa sa HllH npel\npoCTOpHM8 3a KlloseTe H nHcoape.
2il. npH60pH H sa YMHBalLe H Kynatbe
OBa BpCTa ypeljaja He npHXBaTa H He cnpOBOAH y OHOj MepH npJbaBe
BOAe I(ao npeTXOAHO onHcaHH npH60pH, Ben caMO y nOT p e-6 Jb e H y B 0 JJ. Y
o A Y M H B a tb a 11 n p a tb a, I<oja CaAp)K11 MaJJl1 npOl{eHaT npJbaBWTl1He,
Te ce nal(O cnl1pa.
Alll1 ce 11 nopeA Tora OA OBHX npl160pa aaXTeBa Ta}(8a J(OHCTpYKl{Hja.
Koja ne oAroBaTaTH y HajBei'ioj MHpl1 x 11 r H j e H C r( 11 M 3axTeBIIMa, nOWTO
je oc06a J(oji\ IIX KOPI1CTI1 Y HenocpeJJ.HoM AOiJl1Py ca tbl1Ma. OBaj ce 3aXTeB
MO)Ke 06es6eAHTH Haj60Jbe a1<O ce sa qBy CBPXy ynoTpe6e neqemt MaTepl1jaJl
(6elloBHHa 11 RaMeHIIH) jep cy nocTojaHII, Jla1<Q ce Ol\p)KaBajy y qIlCTOi'i1l 11
Jleno HsrlleAajy.
CBa apMarypa je OJJ. MecHHra nOHII1<llOBaHOr HJlH xpOMHpaHor.
nOpeA Tora OBH npH60pH Tpe6a H CBOjHM CnOJbaWHHM HsrneAoM H
JlHIHljOM Aa 3aAoBoJbaBajy eCTeTCl<e saXTeBe Jlenor H yKycHor. C Tora ae
H3paljyjy y pasHHM 06J1HUHMa 11 nocTojH lJHTaBa YTal(MHl{a HSMeljy uojeAHHHx
cpa6pl1KaTa. OBaj je saXTeB pasyMJbHB Kal\ ce HMa y BHAY, Aa ce OBII npH-
60pl1 CTaBJbajy y HajHHTHMHllje ol\aje CTaHa y KynaTIIJlo YJ(paj cnaBai'ie .
c06e. Y OBe npl160pe cnaAaj.y.
a) YMueaoHuqu (lIaea60-u)
OBI1 cy npl160pII HaMetbeHI1 I1CKJbY'IHBO sa YMI1Batbe lllll{a H npatbe
pyKy. Te ce npenopyqyje ynoTpe6a H a j 6 0 Jb e r MaT e p 11 j a JI a 11 Haj-
Bei'ia na)l(tba y OApII(aBatby CYAa y qI1CTOi'iH nOCJIe cBaKe ynoTpe6e HOriO-
cpeAHO. no YMI1Batby Hllje AOBOJbHO caMO I1cnYCTI1TH ynoTpe6JbeHY BOAY 11
Ta1<O cyA OCTaBHTI1 AO CJIeAei'ie ynoTpe6e. Ben ra Tpe6a OAMax ce npJbaB-
WTI1Ha He sal<oplI. A06po onpaTH BOAOM. Y Ty CBpXy nOCTO]e HapO'IHTe
qeTI(e nOMoi'iy Kojllx ce canYfbaBoM BOAOM I1lll1 ca AOJJ.aTKOM HapOqHTI1X
cpeAcTaBa sa '1IIwnetbe CYA onepe; saTHM ce Hcnepe qHCTOM BOI\OM 11 06pl1we
CYBOM I(pnoM. i{oA sanywTeHllx cllY'l ajeBa ynoTpe6HTII 6llar pacTBop KaMeHe
COAe HlllI Tep neHnl Ha .
Y.MuoaoHuqu oiJ ifjajaHca cacToje ce OJJ. : cY Aa - I( OpH'ra sa saXBa-
Tatbe BOAe; ABe KOH30Jle, sa HOWetbe cYAa; j ell He 11 llH ABe TO-
123
'lerre apMa 'Pype 3a J1CnycT np JbaBe aO IH, H
C H <I> 0 KopH'ra cy npaaoyrnor, nonY-OBanHaI' H OBaJl HOr OOJl HKa y
Bap11j aJiTaMa.


1
o
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-Ii '
III
N
III
;;:;
i J_
I
,
I

CJIIiKa 132 - YMlIsaollHl.\1I Oil Ijlajallca -pasHil 6ea JI elja
no nOJlo)!(ajy H CMeWTajy, YMHBaOHHllH MoryOM'TM: 3H AHH B11cerrM
Ha I(OH30JlaMa HJlM C TO j e h Ii Ha nOAY Ha HoraAla MnH MacMBHOM cTy6y,
124
I(P03 l<ojFl FI OI(BOI(. Ha CJI. 132 FI 133 Bl-fl(e ce pa3He BpCTe no
06m1KY, FI nono)KalY.
3a o,!QJ>KaBalhe caMor npoCTopa '3a YMFlBalbe, 60JbFl cY yMFlBaOHFlQFI Ha
jep He cMeTajy npFi npalhy FI 6pFlcalhy noJ(a.
r
"
L
CJJIIKa 133 - Pas"" YOIlfBaOHIIl(1I 6e:l JJelja ca )lBa KOplil'a
KOpFiTO je C roplhe CTpaHe ojaqaHO llmpOKFlM py60M, KOjFl je TaKolje
nOBFljeH Ka YHYTpalluhoj CTpaHFI, Aa ce 80l(a He paCnpCKaBa Ha nOI( npFi
ynoTpe6F1.
ropiha CTpaHa KopFiTa 1(0 3F1l(a MO>Ke 6F1TFI paBHa FlJlFI ca nOBFllllelheM-
HFiCKFIM JleljFlMa en. 134. Yf360p jel(HOr FlJlFI I(pyror TFina 3aBHCH 01( 06pal(e
3HI(a Ha KOMe je MOHTHpaH.
CJJHKa 134 - J1eIjHH YMlIsaOIDIl(1I
AI(O je 3F11( caMO 060jeH MaCHOM 60jOM, I(a 6F1 ce Fl36erJlo lherOBO
CTaJJHO KBalllelhe 01( '1era 60ja 6p>Ke 1(0TpajaBa, 60Jbe je CTaBHTli YMFlBaoHFlK
ca JleIjFlMa.
AKO je 3F11( 06J10>KeH KepaMFI'I1(I4M nJlOlJFlQaMa Jlelja HI4CY nOTpe6Ha, Te
ce MO>Ke CTaBHTFI paBaH YMFlBaOHHI( , KOjH y3 TO Jlenille H3rJlel(a FI JlaKllle ce
6pHille BHAH ClI. 132. CTpaHa 1(0pFiTa 1(0 3HI(a IlIHpa je (01(0 15 CM.) 1'1 HMa
I(Ba nJlFlTKa yl(y6Jbelha 3a cMellITaj npFl60pa 3a yMHBalbe. ,Ua y IbHMa He
61'1 3acTajaJla BOl(a, HMajy l(aHaJJHfte npeMa KOpHTy.
125
HopManaH TIHI YMHBaOHllI(a je ca jel\HHM I<OPHTOM, anH HMaTH
H ABa (Ha np. XOTenCI(H yMHBaOHIH.lH) I<ao llen HHa H3 jeAHor I(OMaJ(a
cn. 133, HnH ce CTaBe jel\aH 1\0 I\pyror ca cnojHllM npel<nOnOM TaKO. I\a oneT'lime
jel\Hy llemlHy. I{o/l rpynHor ymlBal-ba MO)!(e I\OIlH BellH 6poj cno-
jeHHx 1<0Mal\a y ml3y. (Cn. 135).
D1llJ<a 135 - rpymm
YMHBaOmll( /lBa OTBopa: jeAaH y AHy I(OpHTa 3a H c nyc T H
.B,pym npl1 Bpxy npeMa 3HAy 3a npem1B.
BenH'IHHa OTBopa 3a npenHB Mopa 6HTH I\Ba nyTa Bella OA npecel(a
TO'lelie cnaBHHe, I\a 611 ce 113paBHano npHTHllaJ-be BOl\e 113 BOI\OBOAa nOA npH-
THCI(OM ca npHpoAHHM npenHBaJ-beM BOl\e y cnyqajy, /la ce cnaeHHa He 3a-
TBOpl1 Ha BpeMe. BlfUIal< BOl\e HCTHqe Ha npenHB YMeCTO Aa ce npenl1je Ha nOI\.
J.1 c nyc H H A08>11 OTBOP samapa ce nOHHl<nOBamfM qenOM, KOjH je
npHBesaH naHql1lleM 3a 3HAlfH I\eo YMHBaOHHKa. (Cn. 136) .
C!IlII(a 136 - Lien OTBOP YMlloaoHIIJ<a
OBaj j e Ha'lIHl jel\HOcTaBaH anH Henpal{TH'IaH 11 HeXl1rAjeHcKH, nOUITO
naH'lH1l ne)I( 11 nOTonJbeH y BOAI1 H Kal\a ra Tpe6a nOTerHyTI1, Mopa ce pYl<a
no HOBO YBna'l11TH y npJbaBy BOI\Y, a Tal(O I1CTO peTKo Aa HeHO nocne
BOl\e onepe naHall 01\ 3aOCTane canyHl1l\e 11 npJb.aBUITHfle, Te OCTaHe
3aMa3aH .
.D.eUIaBa ce npH 6pHCaJ-bY I\a 'leD naAHe ca CBora
ne)I(HUITa Ha I\HO l(opHTa H 03nel\H rnasypy. Haj3aA 01\ 'leCTOr nOTe3aJ-ba
naH'IHlla, 3aBpTaJ-b 1<0jl1 je npl1'1BpUIlleH 3a CYA. n04He Aa ce n a6aBH y CBO'"
ne)!(HlDTy 11 Tal<O ce CaCBI1M I1UI'Iyna.
MHoro je 60Jbl1 11 xl1f11jeHcl<l1jH Ha'll1H nOMolly HapOql1Te Hanpaee I(oja
ce nOJ<pelie PY'IHIlOM y Cpel\HHH 113Meljy cnaBI1Ha. PY'lHlla je y
Be3H ca jel\HI1M npeHOCHI1M 3rn060M, I(OjH 11 cnyUITa 'len y OTBOpy .
OBa HanpaBa nOl\ ' l1MeHOM "BH pa)!(" BHI\H ce Ha cn, 137 H 138.
J2 6
npeJJl.1BHl1 je- OTBOP TaKOlje BpJlO Ba)l(al1 /leTaJb YMllBaOHl1lia, UlTa BUUle
TO je H HajoceTJbHBlljl1 AeO lIeJlor ypeljaja 11/1yro BpeMeHa Hllje 6110 nOTnYHo
'70 - ::!J.2D - . -
Cmma 137 - BHpalK (npe6al\lIsaq) Cnll Ka 138 - Bllpa)l( S3 G'UlO
pellleH y nomeAY. OTBOP npeJlHBa je cnojeH ca 113J111BOM npeKO
HapOQHTOr 1(aHaJla yrpaljeHor y 3aArbeM /le-
Jly ](OpI1Ta. .
KOA cTapl1jl1x Tl1nOBa yMI1BaOHI1Ka,
npeJll1B je 6110 Ha 3a/ll-bOj CTpaHI1 I(OpI1Ta y
Bl1/1y npopesa, ](P03 KOjl1 ce OTBOP TelliKO
MO)l(e npOLJI1CTI1TI1 1(aHaJl 01\ HeQI1CTOlie, 1(oja
OCTaHe Ha 311/10BI1Ma npeJlI1BaCba
npJbaBe BOl\e. Y !(aHaJlY ce TaJ(O XBaTa
canyHl1l1a 11 I\pyra He<1I1cTo"lia, Te nocJle He-
J(or BpeMeHa nocTaje JlerJlo HeQI1CTOffe 11
ol\aje Henpl1jaTaH sal\ax. Ha en. 139 BI1I\I1
ce TaKaB npMI1B.
o 0 0 0
o 0
Cm.Ka 139
Y nOene/lCbe je BpeMe y TOM, norJlel\Y YLJI1CbCH ](OpaK YHanpe/l npO/ly-
)I(eCbeM OTBopa KaHaJla /10 ropCbe I1Bl1l1e TaKO, /la ce KaHaJl os,ro MO)l(e Hapo-
127
qHTOM qeTI<l!IQOhl 11.0 I1.Ha, OBI1M je palllefl 11 1I0CJlel1.lbH np05neM
Ii Re3rOl1.a, Te ce OBal<BI1 YMHBaOHHllll cMaTpajy 3a Haj50Jbe. SHI1.H en. 140.
Cnl1Ka l40 - rOplbH npeJlHB
8) y.I\IU8aOHUKa
YMHBaOHHlll'l ce Y'lllpurliyjy Ha 3HI1. I1.Be K-O fI 3 0 n e, KOje.
Mory 5HTI1 011. n H B e H 0 r r B O)K I) a 5eno eM a Jb H P a H e, Me c H fI r a He
128


CJIlIKa 141 - l<oH30Jle 3a
nOHHKnosaHe HnH ttnH 01\ ell a jaR e a. Ha en . 141 npm(aSaHe
ey pa3He spCTe KOH30na.
HaMeWTatbe I(OR30na Mopa 6i'lTH npeuHsHo . BHCHHY 01\ 85 CM. 01\ nOl\a
Tpe6a TaQHO 06ene)\{WfH ea 06aJ(se eTpaHe y OeOSHHI'I )\{Jhe6a Ha eaMoM
Cl1IlI(a 142 - l{OH301Je yay. cHe y pya'
hopHTy Y KOjH ce I(OH30ne. npl111spwtmSatbe y 3HA H3S0AH ce nOHH-
I(Jl OBaHHM 3aspHbHMa y 3i'lAHe naKJll1ue Hnl1 llaype.
CnHI(a 143 - CH<POH 3a YMHsaOHIII(e I
Y UI1JhY nOCHI3atba WTO nenwer 113rneAa uenor H3paljyjy ee
YMlIsaO
HI1
U
W
6e3 SI1I\HWX I(OH30na, Koj e cy ysYQeHe Y caMe CnOJbaWHe py60se
Kopl1Ta cn. 142.
9 l{yllHa KaHaJlll3at(Hja
129
Besa y,\lIlBaOHI>\l{a ca OIlBOIlHOM lleBH BplliH ce npeKO BOlleHor saTBa-
palla (CH(jloHa) npe4Hl1l(a :40 MM. Oil CH(pOHa, na 110 OtlBOtlHe lleBH, cnoj 110
SHtla 113BOtlH ce Otl OROBHI1X lleBM 1111M jOIli 60Jbe Oil nOHHI{ROBaHHX lleBH 6/4".
CacTaB lleBH H ce nOHHKROBaHOM
CIHPOH je y roplbeM lIeRY KOHCTpYHcaH Oil IIBOCTpYKe lJaype, a 1I01-bM
je lIeo I(ao liallia H MO}Ke ce OI\BPHyTI1 npeMa nOTpe611, pallH 4Humelba 11RM
OJlrYllielba CH<pOHa. OBO Tpe6a IlITO 4ewlie
4HHHTI1 a He J<ao lUTO je TO y0611
l
lajeRo, Tel(
I atla ce npHMeTH, lIa je CH<jlOH sanYlliefl.
Ha cn. 143 BHJlH ce 06J111J< CI1<jloHa 1<0 j 11 je
HajBHlOe y -ynoTpe6H.
HapOlJl1Ty na}l(IbY Tpe6a 06paTI1TI1 Ha
.. cnoj cl1<jloHa ca (pajaHcHoM WOJbOM. Taj cnoj
Mopa 611TI1 na}I<JbI1BO Ii Cl1rypHO HS[etleH Jla
HI1MaRO He nponyWTa BOily Ha nOJl, Cnoj
ce I1SBoJlH nOMoliy HapO'lI1TOr BeHTl1na npl1-
l<a3aHor Ha CR. 144.
2) ApAfGmype 3a YA!U8aOHUI(e
OCHM nOHI1KROBaHe rapHHType sa MC-
nyCT BOAe ca CH<jlOHOM M BeSOM ca OABOAOM
y SI1AY, Y apMal'ypy YMMBaOHI!I(a cnaJlajy
paSHe TO lJ e Ii e C R a B 11 He. MspaJlI1 cJla-
BHHa 11 fbHXOBOM CnOJbHOM H3rJleJlY, 06pal1a
ce Benl1Ka na}l(lba, I(ao BI1JlHHM 11 YJ(pacHHM
JlenOBI1Ma yMHBaOHHI(a.
n peMa CBOM nonO}I(ajy y OAHOCY Ha
I(OPl1TO cnaBHHe Mory 6HTI1
CJIIIKa 144 - CJlaBllHa cTojella B 11 C e Ii e - s 11 Jl H e Y4BpllII1eHe H3HaJl 1(0-
pHTa Ha SMJlY M c T 0 j e 11 e YlJBpllIl1eHe Ha
caMOM rOpl-beM 060Ay KopHTa npeMa SMJly. BI1}:t11 cn. 144 H 145.
M360p saBMCM oJl BpCTe YMMBaoHm<a M nMllHor Haxoljelba,
nOWTO M jeJlaH H JlPyrH HalJHH nOCTaBJbalba cnaBMHa HAla CBOjMX Ao6pHX CTpaHa
M CBOjHX HeJlOCTaTaKa.
C T 0 j e Ii e CJlaBMHe
Ha YMHBaoHMJ<Y, SrOJlHHje
cy sa Cal>lO YMHBa}be jep
He cMeTajy OC06H J<oja ce
YMHBa aJlH cy CMeTlba
npM npalby M 6pl1caibY
l<opMTa. TaJ(O ce Ae-
llIaBa, Jla ycnetl Jlyre y-
nOTpe6e Hnl1 ycneJl He-
na}J<lbe, nonycTM cnoj cJla-
BMHe M J<opHTa, Te Ha TOM
hleCTY sacTaje canyHMlla CJlHKa 145 - CJl3BHHa 3HIlHa ca npC!(3J1HUOM
M He'lMcTolia.
3 11 A H e nal( cnaBMHe HeMajy OBe HeAocTaTI<e ami cy CMeTlba npM
YMHBalbY aJ<o ce >KeJlM .na BO,B;a CTanHO llypH, nOIliTo MMajy .nY}I(H J<paJ< Ca
JlYJlOM sa TO'lelbe. 3a Ty CBpxy cy y.neweHe sa nOMepalbe yCTpaHy y CBOM Jle}l<M-
IlITy JleBO H AeCHO, aJlM ycne.n 'leCTOr OKpeTa}ba ce ne>KMIliTe M BOAa
130
lIypH . .D,pyra je He3rO)l.a OBI1X CJljlBI1Ha y TOMe, WTO BO)l.a npH TOlJeB>Y npCI<a
H3BaH KOPI1Ta, jep je Mna3 0)1. CJlamlHe )1.0 KOpl1Ta )l.OCTa BHCO!;, OKO 50 ClII.
CnllKa 146 - l{oM61U1ooaHc CJIaOIlHC (3111\liC II CTojene)
OBe JJ.Be BpCTe CJlaBI1Ha pasfllmyjy ce 360r Tora 11 no caMOM CBOM 113rne)l.Y.
C T 0 j e h e CnaBI1He I1Majy caMO KpaTKy nyny sa TOqelbe, )l.OK BHcelie-
3HAHe HMajy .u.Y)l{Y nyny nOBl1jeHY HnH npaBy ca nOKpeTHHM nHnKOM y.u.e-
llIeHHM 3a Mna3 HnH y BH.u.y Mane Tyw-npCKanHl\e Kao Ha cn. 145.
Gsc cy ce npCI(anHUC nOI(a9ane I(ao II CnpaKTH'IHe, nOWTO je H30eCT3H 6poj pynHua
YOCK 3anywcH 01\ SOI\CHor 1(3<\lelia I(ojll ce HaXSaTa, na IIX Tpc6a '{eCTO npO'lIICTIlTH,
WTO je pel\al( CJIyqaj I\a HCI(O ynpa>J<lbaoa.
g.
131
MO)l(e HManl CaMO jeD.HY CnaBI1HY 3a xn aD. HY BOD. Y I1nl1
jow jeD.HY 3a Tonny BOD.Y, al(O Tal(Ba nOCTojl1 Y arpal\l1.
npl1 HaMeWTatbY CnaBl1f1a Tpeoa BOD. I1TI1 pa4Yfla D.a 0YIlY npaBl1nflO 11
nOll 1{0Hau nOCTaBJbeHe.
AI( o Ce CTaBJba je ll Hac n a B 11 H a OHa Mopa 0I1TI1 Ta4HO Y OCOBI1HH
YMl1BaOIHIKa, a al( O cy D.Be, Mopajy OHTI1 nOCTaBJbeHe
OCOBHHI1 YMI10aOHHJ<a, a BOllopaSHO npeMa rOpH>Oj 11BI1UI1 1<0p11Ta.
I1SMef)y IlBe cnaBHHe H3HOCI1 OKO 20 CM. a ooe cY Mef)ycooHO CnOjeHe je}l, HOM
sajeAHH4J<oM nynoM 3a T04eH:,e.
AI(O cy Il B 0 j H e cnaBHHe CTO jelier Tl1na, 00H4HO TY OIlBO jeHe CBal<a
3a ceoe, aMory OI1TH I< 0 M 6 H HOB a H e yjeD.HO J<ao Ha cn. 146.
HapO'lHTI1 113rneD. T. 3B. n e J{ a pc 1< e cnaBI'IHe Ha en. 147.
OHe ce pa3nl11(yjy no TOMe, WTO YMeCTO OOlitJHe py4Hue 3a OTBapaH>e, HMa jv
Ilyratlal< I<pal( , KOjl1 CC MOj Ke nOKpeTanl naJ(TOM a He npCTHMa.
TaKo HCTO je YlleweH H HcnycT I(Ojfl yMecTo ropH>e tBI1pa)l<a)
Hilla HCnoD. yMliBaOHlil<a I(OD. cHq)OHa llyra'JaI( Kpal( nOlleweH, Aa ce MO)l(e
I( OneHOM nOI<pe
T
aTI1. Cn. 148.
HeOnXOD. HO je nOTpeoHo osahBe cn aBime npellBI1AeTH 1( 01l onepaUI10HI1X
can a ].I npeBHjanl1WTa, jep l( aD. neKap jeD.HOM onepe pYJ{ e ].I cnpeMH I1X 3a
pall, He CMe ce Bliwe D.oTahl1 IIl1jeD. Hor npeJl MeTa.
CnaBHHe Mopajy OWTH npeUH311e H COnti Jl He H3paD.e, HHatle ce bP30 I Bape
H uype. Cnoj 3AJlHIiX cn" BIIHa ca BOD.OBOD.Olll, H3BOD. H ce Kao 1(01l tJeCMH H
cyllonepa. CaCTaB ca 311JlOM nOJ(pHBa ce nOmll(nOBaHOM hanHUOM.
132
CTojelie CnaBHRe Ha npH60py cnajajy ce Ca BO)l.OBO)l.OM nOMoi1y OnOBHe
unu nOHUl<n003He ueBII O;{ 1/2". J. 113 cncTaoy ca 3Jf)l. OM CT33Jba ce Tal<o1je
nOHHI<Jl03aHa I, amll.\a. Cn. r49. 3a HCI( JbY4J-1BaJ-be 30)l.030)l.a. HaMeCTO MeOIH-
Cmwa 149 - BC2C cTojeli11 x C11 3mll .a ca OOAOOOAOM
C11I11<3 150 - n Oi IHIUlooaHII CK- OClITl lJI lI
133
'faHe nporrycHe CJlaBHlle ca T041{Ill1eM, J\OJla3H nOllll l(JlOBallll eK-BeHTHJl ca
(CJl. 150 H 151).
Cmn<a 151 - nOHlIKlloBaHe nponyc Hc Cll a BllHC
29. JIHBeHH YMHBaoHHQH
3a HHJJ:yCTpI1CI(e 3rpaJ\e, l(aCapHe, rapa)l(e H T. CJl. YCTaHOBe, ynoTpe-
<6lbaBajy ce oJ( JlI1BeilOr rBO)I<ija. OHII Mory LI1TH Kao 3ace6HH
lIlpH60pH I1JlH Y HH3y jeJ\aH J\O J\pyror, aMory 6HHI H3 jeAHor J\yror
J{opHTa y BHJ\y aJlOBa. Ha en. 152 BHJ\H ce THn mlBeHor yMHBaOHI1Ka.
_-----570 -------'1
CmlKa 152 - JlIIBCIlI1 YM>lDaolll1l(
30. 3HJ\aHa I(OpHTa - allODH 3a
3a rpynHO no lUKOJlaMa, HHTepHanlMa 11 Cll114HI1M YCTaHO-.
llaMa, a y lIHlby ypelj elha, rpaJ\e ce Ha milly MeCTa l'(-opllTa
.3a YJlIHBalhe y BHAY a Jl 0 B a OA 6eTOHa, na ce nOT OM 3HJ(OBI1 06JlO)Ke
"TepallOM HJlH l<epaMHtll( HM nJlO'll1l1aMa. .
l{OPI1TO je HJlH BHcehe Ha 3HJ\y H HOCH ce nOAlohy AOI-be apMl1paHe
nJl04e y BHAy I( OH30Jle HJlII je OCJlOI-beHO Ha MaCHBHO 03HJ\aHa nocTOlba. ,D.HO
je KOpl1Ta 113BeJ(eHo y 6JlarOM HarH6y I(a OTBOpy 3a I1cnycT,
!1cnoJ( oTBopa ce CTaBlba 3ajeAHH
l
ilui CH(jJOH cnojeH Ha OABOJ\HY lieD.
nojeJ(HHa4He HJlH KOM61mOBaHe CJlaBI1He 3a TOnJlY 11 XJl aAHY BOJ\y AOJla3e Ha
<CBaKHX 60 CM. paCTojal-ba, a 6HTll: cTojehe aKO I(Opl1'1'O lIMa 060J( AO
i34
M 3MAHe BflCehe ca J<pa!{OM, Ha BHCMHH 011. 30 CM. f13HaA
J<opflTa.
311n Ha KOMe je KOPMTO, 06na)l(e ce y BMCMHM on 1,00 M. KepaMH4KHM
nn04Hl(aMa ca yny6JbeFbHMa 3a canyH H OCTanH npH60p 3a ' yMHBal:be npl1
CBaJ<OM T04eheM MecTy.
31. CYAOBH sa npalbe 3y6a H nlbYBaOHHl(e
nopen 1(0pHTa 3a YMHBalbe y KOMnneTaH ypel)aj cna)l;a H noce6HJ-I CYA
sa npalbe 3y6a 11 nJbYBaOHHl(a. npfl 60p 3a npafbe 3y6a ce cacTojH OA 0 J( P y-
r new J( 0 Jb J( e 011. 6enor cjlajaHca, nOHHI(JIOBaHe TO q e t; e c naB H H e
H c H q) 0 H a Cn. 153. Bpno 4eeTO oBaj nOAaTaJ( 4HHH jenHY l(enHHY ca YMH-
BaOHHKOM Kao Ha cn. 104a.
1
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C)1ll Ka 153 - J{0PHTO aa npalbe ay6a
XOTenCI{H nBojlnl YMMBaOHHl(H ca )lBa I{OPHTa y je)lHOM I(OMa)lY, Mory
HMaTH y Cpe)lHHH j ow jeAHY Ol<pyrny WKOJbI{y 3a npafbe 3y6a . OBal,aB ce
ypel)aj cMaTpa 3a KOMnneTaH H xHrfljeHCI{H, nOWTO nOTllyHo H3ABojeHo
npafbe 3y6a H nJbyBafbe, OA nocy)le 3a YMHBalbe.
no 60nHHl(aMa M caHaTopHjYMHMa 3a rpy)lHe 60necTI1 OBaKBH ce ype-
IjajH 3a nJbyBafbe CTaBJbajy no Ha I{Ojl1 ce Saql'IH HajcHrypHI1je
11 Haj4HcTHje OTCTpalbyjy 3apa3HH HCnJbYBl(H.
Ha cn. 154 npHI{a3aH je TaKaB ypel)aj O)l cjlajaHca y BHCOKe WOJbe
Ha cTy6y y I{OMe je yrpal)eH CHcjlOH H OABO)l. Ca cTpaHa i1Ma ABe CTaKneHe
nperpa)le H )lBa nOHHJ<nOBaHa )lp)l(a'la ROjl1 cnY)l(e Kao OCJIOHal( 3a H3HeMome
oc06e. Y13H8)l Cy)l8 Ha 3HAY )lOn83H nOHHI'JIOBaHa CnaBI1Ha 3a Hcnllpalbe.
135
Ooaj jc lIiJll tiOP YACWCII 3a eCAelbe II Y40pwlleH j e Y no.:\ en/HIIlO I<no-
3eTCI(oj WOJbH. HaMeJ-beH je HCI(JbytIWOO 3a Her y W X H r H j e H y no n-
B H X 0 P r a Ii a H 'I Map a . Oomll( My je y BHAY HWCKor J<opHTa, I(oje ce
OCnatba Ha MaCHBHO nOCTOJbe ca
KOjl1M I( OPHTO tlHHH jeAHY l.\enI1Hy.
DHAe cnaAa Y Bpno Ba)KI-Ie
ypeljaje y CBal(OM KynaTl1ny, a
Cmma 155 - Ccneli ... npaoHIII< - 611)1C
HapO'lHTO y 60nHHl.\aMa H XOTe-
nHMa. Cn. 155. npH60p ce ca-
CTOjl1 OA III 0 Jb e 0 A q) a j a H C a
11 n 0 H H K Jl 0 BaH e a p M a-
T y P e. Y apMaTypy cnaAajy:
!lBe cToje);e TeWI( e CJIaBHHe OA
1/2"; naTeHT I1cnycT ca
(BI1pa)j() CJI . 157; nOHHI<JlOBaHI1
CIHPOH npe4HHKa 40 MM.
y'lBpw);eHe Ea 3aAI-bH py6 Kao
XJIaAHY BOAy.
CJl aBHHe cy Ha HCTH Ha
t
Jl1Jl
I<OA l(o.\l6HHOBaHe 38 TonJlY 1\
Be3a ca BOAOBOAQM MO)J(e 611TH Ha 3HAy ,IJlH Y nOAY nOHHI(JlU-
Balle lleBH OA 1/2" . Ha CilCT?BY ca 311AOM I1J1H nOAoM, )J,OJla311 nOHI1FJlOBaHa
l( anHlla. Ha HCTH je HatlHH cnojeH ].I CI1<jlOH ca caN.O je nre-
tIHI1I( lle3H 6/4". CJI. 156 H 156.
C.""Ka 156 - BC3C ullnea Ca 8011080}10M 11 01l80nOM
DHAe MO)l{e 11MaTI1 y AOlheM Aeny I<OpHTa yrpa ljeH HapOtlHTVI T y III _
n p C ]( a JI H II Y ca Mna30M 01 peHyTI1M HaBI1We. nywTal-be y AejcTBO OBe
npCI( am
1
11e 06aBJba ce nOMO);y HapO'll1Te pY4Hlle y rpynH OCTaJle T04c);e
apMaType. OBO je BPJlO KopHCTaB 11 xI1rf1jeHclo1 AO)J,aTal<, HapOlJWTO 3a Hery
136
II nClJel-be wyJbeBa (XeMOpOI'It(a). Ha cn. 155 npHI(a3aH je nomYHor
yperyaja ca CBI,IMa
Cmma 156a - - Be3e 611J\ea C? BOJ\OBOJ\OM II OJ\BOJ\OM
DHt(e Tpe6a ot(pl<?Bam y HajBel'ioJ lJHCTOl'iH 113 nojMJbMBHX pa3nora .
n OClle ynoTpe6e, OCHM o(lHlJl-IOr rpe6
o
i. fa , !1rnp ii1!1 Hel-HM
6narHM t(e3HIHjlel<ll.HOHHM cpet(tTBOM. _.
Cmll<a 157 - BHpa)l( 3a 6 HJ\C
OCHM npl'IMeHe Haj60Jber Ma'['epHjana, npH 113pat(H 06pal1a cc
BeJ1HI(a na)l(rba Ha WTO nenWH cnOJbaWHI1 113rne.l\ ll.enor ypeljaja l <a o H Fat(
.
MOHTa)l(a QHt(ea I1CTOBeTHa je l(aO H I(Ot( YAHIBabHI1Ka.
n pH 6J1nea Tpe6a npBO onBpHyTH CJ1 aBI1HY ca TOnJ10M BOnoM,
Koja no YHYTpaWl-beM py6y 06J1Hje ueJ10 I<OpHIO H '[' aHa ra 3arpeje na ce
Tel( OH.l\a nywTa XJ1anHa BOna panH noneWaBal-ba TeMneparype.
\37
33. 38 Kyn8lbe
OBH npH6O'PH npeTCTaBJhajy O'CHO'BHY nO'Tpe6y CBaKO'r qOaeKa,
jep He CJIY)l(e CaMO' 3a OApIKaBatbe '1HCTohe Tena, Beh H 3a lberO'BO O'CBe)l(elbe,
Qjaqatbe H TeneCHY rHMHaCTHT<y.
HeKa)J.a cy CaMO' onWTa jaBHa l<ynaTHna anH AaHac, 1<3)1, je
I<ynatbe CBal<HAallltba nO'Tpe6a paAHO'r '10Bel<a, npewnO' ce Ha rpa.nlby HH)I,H-
BIfAyanHHx l(ynaTHna nO' 3rpaAaMa y CBal(O'M CTaHY nOCe6HO' . Ha O'aaj je
HaqHH O'MO'ryheHO' '1O'BeKY Aa H3 nO'CTeJbe MO')I(e A3 O'Ae y KynaTHnO' pa)l,lf
Kynatba, O'CBe)l(etba na '1al< If y CBpXy ne'letba.
npeMa Ha'lHHY Ha I<O'jH ce I<ynaTHnO' cHa6AeBa TO'nnO'M BO')I,O'M, paanH-
Kyjy ce ABa THna: .J], H pel< T HaC a M 0 C Tan H a l{ynaTHJla, KO'ja HMajy
y caMO'M npO'CTO'Py K a 3 a H H rre h 3a npHnpeMy TO'nne BO'Jle H H H A H-
P e K T H a l(ynaTHna, I<O'A I(O'jHX ce TO'nna BO'.na ueBHMa H3BaH Kyna-
THJla Ha 3ajeJIHH'II<Or l<a3aHa 3a npHnpeM): TO'nne BOAe aa ueny arpaAy HnH
3a ueO' CTaH nO'Ce6HO' . Y TO'M ce cnY'lajy l<ynaTHncKH npOCTO'P Mopa HapO'-
'1HTO aarpeBaTH nOCe6AO'M netm HnH paAHaTOPO'M.
34. l{aAe
}{aAe ce OA paanH'IHTO'r h1aTepH!ana: O'A n H B e H"O' r rB O)l( Ija,
'1enH'IHO' r JlHMa H OA KaMeHHHa (<\laepTO'Ha). HajnO'rO'AHHje cy H
HajBHwe y npHMeHH KaAe O'A nHBeHO'r (Cn. 158).
r

..... , ------b------___t
CmlKa 158 - 06H'IHa nHBeHa K3J\a
J1 H B e H a KaAa ce O'CJlatba Ha '1eTHpH MaCHBHe JIIfBeHe HO')I(Hue H O'AH-
rHyTa je O'KO' 10 CM. O'A no.na. ce Y Hel<O'nHI<O' BeJJH'IHHa, a Ha6O'P
3aBHCH O'A nO'Tpe6e H BeJJH'IHHe KynaTHncKor npOCTO'pa.
Ha Ta6JJHUH XIX AaTe cy JlHMeHsHje sa paSHe BeJJH'IHHe.
l{aJla HMa ABa O'TBopa: jeAaH npH JlHy sa 0 A JI H B H JlpyrH npH Bpxy
sa n p eJi H B.
I<aAe Ca O'JlBO'JlHOM ueBH Bplilll ce npeKO HapO'lHTe peweTl<e y nO'AY.
PeWeTl<a Je ca nO'l<nO'nUeM H O'TBOPOM Y I<O'jH yna3H
lIanHBHa rapHHTypa. Besa ce CaCTO'JH O'JI RapO''IHTO'r nOHHl<nOBaRO'r BeHTHna
KO'jH je rOptbHM JleJJOM cnojeH Ca O'TBO'PO'M y AHy l(aAe H CHa6AeBeH '1enO'M
3aTBapalbe .J],O'IbH AeO' y peweTKY, a ca CTpaHe je Beaa 3a npem'iBHy
UeB. Cn. 159 H 161.
138
TaGnllua XIX 3a nHBeHe Kane
I
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-
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i
YnYTpaWlb3
. %d
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rOpfb R WHPHH3 0-
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.,
a b
1
I
I
------
ti-
c d
,
r g m Kr.
171 0 1540 1260 760 580 520 590 480 250 11 5
1'/'10 1550 1230 750 595 460 580 460 250 102
1600 1440 1140 730 570 440 570 420 250 82
1515 1365 1100 725 575 430 560 430 235 75
--'
-
Kalla Ja
I
r
I
I I I
I
500 I
I
1760
I
1550 1290
I
820 610 500 610 300 138
I
I I
r OPtbl1 npeJlI13HI1 OTBOP cHa6t1eBeH je peUIeTKacTOM l<amlUOM H OrpaH-
J(OM 3a Be3Y ca npeJ1I'BHOM ueBH. Cn. 160. 0 peUIeTl<HUY je OKa'leH nallau ca
)l,OtbHM 'lenOM. <Zno] l1 3Meljy npenl1Ba 11 otlBOtla npHKa3aH je Ha Cn. 161.
CnIlKa 159 - V13nHB Kane
e mJl(a 160 - n pemlB I(alle
n pen 11 B H a ueB MO)I<e 6wrl1 onOBHa HJTI1 nOHJoIKn03aHa Benl1'l!1He 5/4".
npa)Ktbetbe Katie ce BpUIH tlHpeKTHO y peUIeTl<y y nOJ:(y, nOBna'letbeM naH-
Gl1l1a ca 'lenOM. Ha cn. 162 tlaTa cy ABa nrna peUIeTKH.
npBI1 je ca npaBHM KpaKOM tlO OABOAHe ueBH, a tlpym ca KoneHacTHM
nOBl1jeHHM Kpal(OM.
,Upyrl1 je Ha'l!1H 60Jbl1 jep ce y rOplbeM Aeny nOBI1jyTKa cTBapa Ba3-
.nYUIIH! gen, KOj l1 cnpeqasa 11CHcaBafbe cH(jloHa, UITO ce HHa'le AeUIaBa ycneA
Manor cno ja Botle y H npl1nHQHO tlyror orpaHKa AO Bepn1l<ane.
360r OBora ce ' leCTO ny-ra lleWaBa lIa l(ynanlJla I1Ma jy Henpl1jaTaH aallax 1l 0Mlljape,
ycncll npOll"lipalba raCOBa 113 "pe)J(e a6er Hcnprol(lheHHX CH(jJOHa. neTlI MO)Ke cnoj
BOlle Ila IIcnapfI, Te je llo6po 1l0BpeMCHo npeJ(o Ilalla 1l0neOaTI1 BOilY y CU(jJOllY
139
PeweT!{Y H npeJJHB Tjleoa Ollp)!(aaaTH y 11CnpaBHOM CTalbY H qewhe
'lIlCTHTH, 1\a ce He 3arywH 01\ TaJlOra II I<oce. npemtD je BPJlO Ba)!(aH 1\eo
npeJJHBalbe BHWl<a
BOAe H3 l<a1\e ycneA Hena)/(lbe npH
pYKOBalbY cnaBHHaMa, unH aKO ce
npaBI1Jl HO He 01\MepH KO.1ltftlHHa
BOAe, na ce OHa npl1 YJla3Y ocooe
I<oja ce l<yna, Rpemlje.
Kaoe 00 '1eJIU'IHOZ AUAlll HCTe
cy I<ao H JlHBeHe, caMO cy Jla!{we
no Te)!(MHH, op)!(e ce 3arpeilajy
H JlenIlle H3rne1\aj y, nOlliTO cy M
ca CnOJbaWHe cTpaHe 6eJlo eMaj-
JlMpaHe. AJlM y norJle.lI.y TpajHo-
CTtl 60Jbe cy JlHBeHe jep I-IM je 1\110
.QeOJbe M ja4e Hero O.Q JlI-IMeHMX,
!{OA l(OjMX je eJl aCTtlllHO .QY)I(QM
ynoTpeoOM eMajJl nOllHe .Qa nyua
M .Qa ce KPYHH.
Kaoe 3a 063u1juealbe pa3JlH-
I<yjy ce 011. 00114HI1X
KaAa no TOMe, WTO I1Majy roplbl-l
pyo 1l1l:IPI-I 1-1 npaB, Te ce I<a))'a
MO)!(e 063H1\aTI-I. Wl-lplma 060Aa
je 12 CM ., a Hcn.OA Ibera AOJla3M
063M)),a 01\ onel(e. SMAHe cTpaHe
o03M))'e oOJl a)!(y ce nOTOM rJla311 -
paHMM nJlOql'lUaMa 11.0 nOAa Ta!{O,
.Qa ce KaJI,a He BM.QH, Beft M3rJle.Qa
_ __ I<aO.Qa je MaCHBHO 3M.QaHa . eJl 163 .
: [Cmma 161 - l{oMnJleT npemlBa II 113n1IBa QCHM Jlenwer cnOJbaWlber
113 rJle.Qa, OBe cy Ka.Qe npal(TH'1He
H 3001' Jlal<wer O.Qp)aBalba qHCTOfte Y l<ynaTHJlY, jep npJbaBIlITHHa HeMa rAe
.Qa 3anaAa Kao HCn01\ OOMqHHX Ka1\a.
:-_ . . _ .. ..,
fJifr
Cnl1Ka- 162 - PemeTI{e sa I(a)l.e
}{01\ 063H.QaHe Ka.Qe peIlleT!{a 3a H3Jl11B Mopa OHTH H3BaH Ka1\e y nOAY
KynaTMJla H npMCTyna4Ha '1Mwl1eIbY H O.QryIllHBalby.
npeJlMBHa ueB MO)!(e 011TH CI<JlOtbeHa l<a.Qe H 31-1.Qa, ami je
cMrypHI1je M npal(TH'lHMje 1\a je npeJJ1tB BM.QaH - cnOJba 11 KOMOHROBaH ca
npeJlMBOM M McnycHIIM BeHTMJlOM y l(a.QH. Ha CJl. 164 H 165 Ce TaKaB
140
HcnycT nOll HMeHOM ,,\11 M n e pH j a J1" . )J.OIbM j e Ileo Ha
OIlBOIlHY peweTf(y , a j.ellHIfM je KpaKOM Y BeSM ca KallOM npel<o H3J1HBHOr
eeHTHJ1a, KOJH Ha cnoJY ca I(3)\OM HeMa 'l en, Bell peweTKacr OJ\J1MB.
1
,
I I I I
I
I I I I
I ! J I


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f'
-
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i"' I"
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f-
.--._. f- - - - - - . - . - - 1- . -
'.:
.,
-
Cn llKa 163 - Kalla 3a
"
t=
\
'\

..
rOPIbH My .je Ileo npH'IBpwheH nOHH1U]OBaHOM I<anHUOM sa KaJW. Cno-
JbaWlba BHIlHa cTojell a ueB je y cTBapH caMO OM oral! , EOjH ce nyHH BOJ\OAI
I(POS peWeTI(HUY y IlHy Kalle,. HcrOBpeMeHO ca KalloM. Y yHyTpawlbeM lleJl Y
OBor OMOTa'l a HaJl aSH ce B11COI(11 HcnycT, KOjH ce nOllf1)1(e r oplbOM py'l 11UOM.
QBaj HcnycT je YCTeapH UJynJba ueB npel(O Hoje ce y CJly'l ajy
npenylbel-ba Kalle BPWH npemlBal-be BOlle, npaBO y peweTf(y.
141
npll I;HCTaJ1l1paIbY Y311AamiX J<aAa Tpe6a 06paTl1T11 HajBei1y na
conllAHO 11 3Bot)Clbe cnojeBa KOJl, JiCnYCHor BeHTl1na, jep y npOTIIBHOM BOAa
HenpUMeTHO Aa 11cny<1I1 ueo Mct)ynpoCTop 063JIAC 11 I,ai\e 11
Ol\aTne Aa npoJJ: pe y l<ynaTKJ10
I1nH HII)I<H cnpaT.
AKO je npeJlHB CI( pHBell y
06311Ae, OI-lAa Tpe6a
npH AHy OCTaBHTH peBH3HOHH
OTBOP Ca BpaTafl l(I'IMa y 1101-111-
Cmma 164 - CTOjehll npemm
"I1MnepHjall " "oM6HHoBall
ClIH"a 165 - 06>14aH cTojehn " vbmepHjall"
npem1B
l(nOBaHOM pa,\IY, I\a ce y CJ1y4ajy nOTpe6e MO)l<e BPWHTH nonpaBI,a. I{aAe
Mory 6HTl I ca neB 11 M HnH ca A e C H 11 M HcnyCTOM.
35. MaCHBHe KaAe OA KaMeHHHa ($aepToHa)
Uona3e y 063Hp I(OA H3y3cTHO J1YI(CY3HO ypetj eHHx l<ynanlJla. OHe cy
jeAHor I(OMaAa 6e3 Hory H J1e)l(e uenOM llIHPI1HOM Ha nOAY. dn. 166.
OBal<Be l<aAe HMajy MHoro nenWK H3rJ1eA Hero OCTane BpCTe, jep cy Ca CBHX
CTpaHa rna3HpaHe. no KBa)1l1TeTY cy Bpno jal<e H OTllOpHe, nal<O ce OAP-
)I,aBajy y 4HCT0i1J.1 H npeTCTaBJbajy YI<pacHI1 npeAMeT y KynaTI1J1y.
I{ao HeAOCTaTal( ce cMaTpa CIlopl1je 3arpeBalbe l<aAe, Koja oAY3HMa
npl1nHtlHy I(OnHtIHHY TonnOTe OA HaT04eHe BOAe. TaKo HCTO H3HCI<yje ja4y
MeljycnpaTHY KOHCTPYI(UHjy, jep cy Bpno TeWl(e a 31-1aTI-I0 cy cl<ynJbe OA
OCTaJlHX BpCTa.
142
Be3a Kaile ca OilBOAOM I! 0ilBOila ca npemlB07!I, M3BOilH ce I(ao H I(Ott
0631'1ilaHe "all:e nOMony BHCOI(Or ,,11 AI n e pHi a Jl" licnycHor BeATHJla.
CJlI1Ka 166 - MaCHBHe Kane all ljJaepToHa
kf- -i
ftE-, -jf if--'--t

Cmma 167 - Pa31HI nOnO)Haj H II cnycra I(ane
emma 168 - 3'1i\aHe Kalle
143
npeMa nonO>Kajy KaAe y OAHOCY Ha 311A, rpMe Ce OAroBapajyitH 06n1lUII.
KMa MO>Ke 611Tli caMO jeAHoM CTpaHOM y3a 3lill, a OCTane Cy TpH CTpaHe
cno60AHe. 3a TaKaB nonO>Kaj liMa oAroBapajyhll Tlln ca ABa lUIa
3ao6JbeHa yrna. AKO ce KaAa HaCnatba Ha 311A Ca ABe CTpaHe, OHAa HMa
caMO j eAaH yrao 3a06JbeH, a oCTana cy Tpll npaB!! II TO Ca AeCHIIM "nil ca
neBIIM IIcnYCTOM. Ha en. 167 BIIJ\e ce pa3HII nono>Kajll 0 'leMY npl! HapYIJ-
611HlI Tpe6a BOAHHI pa'lyHa.
36. 31!AaHe l(aAe
OBaKBe ee I(a.!{e Haj'lewhe ynoTpe6JbaBajy y jaBHIIM l(ynaTllnllMa II y
6atbaMa, KaA je y nHTatby Belill 6poj, Te ce )Kenll YWTeAa y HHBecTHL\HjH.
OBe Mory 6HTII caCBHM YKonaHe y nOA Te ee y IhHX Cllna311 ea Hel(OnHKO
CTeneHIIL\a. Cn. 168. Mory TaJ(olje 611TH ynona cnywTeHe y nOA, a
nonOBIIHa 11M je 113BaH nOAa 11 Haj3aA L\enOM BIICIIHOM H3BaR nOAa.
Y cBaKoM eny'lajy Mopajy I1MaTI1 cnOJbaWtbl1 npHCTyna'laH I1cnycT ca
npenllBOM, a J(OA YI(OnaHIIX KaAa peBH3HOHI1 OTBOp.
311AOBII TaJ(BI1X KaJ(a, rpaAe ce oA 6eTOHa Ae6JbllHe 10-12 CM. a CBe
ee BI1AHe cTpaHe 06na)l(Y eMajnl1paHI1M nnO'lHL\aMa I1nll nnO'laMa.
PaAI1 cllrypHocTI1 npl1 cllna)l(etby y YI(QnaRe l(a.1{e, CTaBJbajy ce nopeA
CTeneHIIL\a nOHI11(J]OBaHe OrpaAIIL\e 3a np"Ap)l(aBatbe, a ra311WTa CTeneH8
Mopajy 611TII opanaBJbeHa Oil. cneL\l1janHl1x npyracTllx nnO'lIlL\a.
3HAaHe cy KaAe TpajHe aJlH Y xl1rlljeHCI(OM norneA" 1130cTajy Oil. OCTa-
nllx BpcTa, jep HIICy jeAHocTaBHe nOBpWI1He, Beh IIMajy cnojHHL\e y l(ojl1Ma
ce 3aAp>KaBa He'lIlCTOlia Te nopeA CBer npatba KaAe, cnojHI1L\e
nOCTaHY npJbaBe 1:1 L\pHe. HeAOCTaTal( 11M je TaKolje y TOMe, WTO ee Bpno
cnopo 3arpe3ajy ami KOA AY>Ke II HenpeKI1AHe ynoTpe6e, jeAHoM 3arpejaHa,
OAp>KaBa TonnoTY 3a CBe BpeMe ynoTpe6e.
37. Ka3aHH 3a Tonny BOAY
DojeAI1Ha'lRa KynaTiwa Haj'lewhe ee cHa6AeBajy TOnnOAl BOAOM nOMohy
HapO'lI1TOr K a 3 a Hac a no )I( H W T eM, I(Ojl1 ee CTaBJba y caMO KynaTlI./lO
nopeA l(aAe. .
Ka3aH je L\I1JJ"HAp"lJHor 06nlll<a 11 H3paijeH Oll 6al(apHDr nllMa Ae6JbllHe
1,5 MM. npe'lHI1J(a 12-13" CaAp>KIIHe 100 nl1T. KP03 cpeAlIHy Ka3aHa "Ae
'lYHaJ( 3a AI1M npe'lHI1I(a 12 eM. Ka3aH je HacaljeH Ha MaClIBHO nl1BeHO n 0-
c TO Jb e, I(oje y I1CTO BpeMe cny)l(l1 11 I(ao nO>KlIurTe - neh.
Deli je cHa6AeBeHa BpaTaHL\HMa 3a nO>Ketbe, peureTKOAI 3a ropHBO 11
neneJbapOM 3a neneo. Ha CJJ. 169 BIIAH ce 1I3rneA Ka3aHa 3a KynaTl1JJo.
Ha caMOM je Ka3aHY MOHTlIpaHa TeurKa nOHl1l<nOBaHa Hnll XpOMl1paHa
6aTep"ja-MeWanHL\a, Ca C]JaBIIHaMa 3a Tonny H xnaAHy BOllY. Cn. 170. Ha
CaMI1M PY'lHL\aMa YTI1CHYT je nnaB 3Hal( 3a CJJaBIIHy 3a XJJaAHY BOAY a 3a
Tonny BOAY IlpBeHH. .
Ca roPtbe CTpaHe 6aTepllje liMa jour jeAHa CJJaBHHa, ITOMOhy I<oje ce
CTaBJba y AejCTBO Tyur. Kall je OBa CJJaBIIHa OTBOpeHa, BOAa he Telili y KaAY
Kp03 rnaBH.j' Jlyny a Ka)l ce 3aTBOPH BOAa Ollna311 y Tyur.
'!yur,ie Oil. nOHHKnOBaHe lleBI1 npe
l
lHI1J{a 3/4" y BI1AY nyKa
Ha 'll1jeM je Kpajy npCl<anHua.
. 6aTepl1ja je cnojeHa ca BOAOBOAOM nOMohy onOBRe ueBH Oll 3/4" ca
0611'1HOM BeHTlIn cnaBHHOM.
144
AKO je cnoj ca nOHHI(JlOBal'IOM \.leBI{, OH)J,a A06Hja Cne\.lHjaJlHY nponycHy
e K - C JI a B H H Y ca ' K an 0 M.
3a ]<OHTpOJlHCali>e BOAe Ha 6aTePHjH ce Tal<olje HaJla3H
T e p M 0 eTa p y MeTaJlHoj llaypl1.
OCHM ropltoer cTojeher Tywa, Ha 6aTepHjH MO)I(e 6HTH AO):laT H PYlJHH
TyW' OCJI?fbeH Ha HapollHTe AP)I(alJe. P y lJ H H je TyW 113paljcH OA MeTaJlHe
CII. 169 - f(a3an 3a TonllY BOAY
CIIHI(a 170 6aTeplije MCWalllll(e 3a l(aAe
lJ JI a H I( acT e !.leBH. oaTepHja ce cHa6AeBa TOnJlOM I<poa \.leB aa TyW,
lJ ja je y rOpltoeM AeJi y cnojena ca J<aaaHOM.
Ha CJlH\.lH 172 npl1l(aaaHa je jeAHa al1AHa 6aTepHja Mewa-
JlH\.la ca PYlJHI1M TyweM ca ABa KpaJ(a: Ha jeAHoM je I<pajy pYlJHa npcKa-
JlH!.la a Ha ApyrOM 1136yweHa \.leB y BHAY HenpaBI1J1HOr 06pylla.
npH JlO)l(efbY neliH, aarpejaHa ce 'BOAa Kao Jlal(wa nel'be HaBHwe 06pa-
ayj YflH nOCTeneHO ropltoe TODJle CJlojeBe BOAe. TonJla BOAa AocneBa y
npeKO Tyw-!.leBH a XJlaAHa BOAa Kao Te)Ka, YJlaal1 ca AOltoe cTpaHe Kpoa
6aTepHjy.
KaaaH Mopa Aa 6yAe YBel( nyH BOAe l(al(O ce v. 3Eerr 0 I BE P Y CJly-
qajy l{a ce npaaaH nOl{Jlo)}{l1. OBO ce MO)l(e l{eCI1TH y cJlYlJajy npa)I(ltoe'iba
J(a3aHa paAH onpaBl<e, na ce nOCJIe nOHOBHO nyltoeltoe.
10 Kyhlla KaH3Jl1I33l(Hja
145
TaKO Tpe6a nylbelby Ka3aHa OTBOPHTH CJlaBHHY 3a TyW, na
6H M3,aWaO Ba3nyX, nOWTO 6H y npOTl1BHOM nOWJlO AO ca6Hjalba Ba3nyxa Y
rOplbeM AeJlY Ka3aHa H )1,0 HeH36e)J<Hor KBapa. .
311MH Tpe6a HaCTojanl na He not)e no CMp3aBalba Bone y l{a3aHY HaJ-
60Jbe je no MaJlO npHJlO)l(aBaTH KynaTHJlO, 6ea 063Hpa Ha ynoTpe6y. .
PanH Jlenwer 113rJlena, rpane ce l<a3aHH ca ABOCTpyl<HM OMOTalJeM TJ.
CnOJbaWIbH yl<pacHH OMOTalJ je 6eno eMajJlHpaH.
Y rpanoBHMa rne HMa raCHe HHCTaJlal.lHje ynoTpe6JbaBajy ce HapO'lHTe
r a C Hen e h H. VlCTO TaKO ce CTaBHTW H e Jl e K T P H lJ H H r p e j a 'I J'J.
Y 3rpanaMa y l<ojHMa nocTojH l.IeHTpaJlHa HHCTaJlal.lHja 3a npHnpeMy,
nOTpOWHe TOnJle BOne ImH y CTaHOBHMa 1<0jH HMajy cBoje JlO)J<HWTe 3a
TOnJle BOne, caCBHM ce H30CTaBJba l(a3aH H CTaBJba ce caMO 6 aTe p H j a-
Mew a Jl H 1.1 a caT y W e M.
BaTepHja MO)J<e 611TH y TOM CJlylJajy MOHTHpaHa Ha 3Hny 113Han caMe
I(ane I<ao Ha CJl. 171.
TaKo HCTO Mory ce !(OM6HHOBaTH CJlaBHHe 3a 'fonJlY H XJla)1,HY Bony Ha
cnOJbaWlboj CTpaHH Kane 3ajenHo ca BHC01UIM HcnYCTOM
YlJBpwheHl1 Ha 3H)1,HH py6 I<ane I(ao Ha CJl. 165.
3 H n H a 6 aTe p H j a MO)Ke 6HTH H caCBMM MaCKMpaHa y 3Mny, Tal<O
)1,a ce BHne caMO pYlJHlle CJlaBMHa. CJl. 173.
146
Y3 l,allY MO>Ke IlOI'iJil JiI Ilpyrn nOMol'iHtl npJil60p I(ao: IIp)l{atJJiI 3a
cyHljep, canyH, rpejlle l.\eBH 3a IIp)l{alhe y6pyca, 3Ji11lHe pytJJill.\e 3a npH-
Ap)l{aBalhe, CJJ. 174.
Ha CJJ. 175 npl1l{ a3aHO je jellHo caBpeMeHo ypeljeHo l<ynaTJilno.
CJIHKa 173 - Y3HIlaHc 6aTcpHjc
CJllma 174 - )J.p)l(aqll 3a K31lC
10
147
38. CaMOCTaJIHH TyweBH
OCHM TyweBa KOj l1 '1I 1He caCTaBIHI .i\eo 6aTepHja y3 KaAy, Mory ce
I1HCTanl1pa
TI1
11 CaCBI1M nOCe6HH TyweBM y CaMOM l,ynanlJ1CI(OM npocTopy
I111H l(aO CaMOCTaJ1l.le TyW HHCTanaullje. Cn. 176 . .
Y .i\06po l<ynaTI111HMa Kao Ha cn. 175 TywHpalbe Je H3ABO:
jeHo 113BaH KaAe, a KaAa HMa caMO PY'IHH TyW. Tyw ce y 3acetiHO]
HHWH y 311Jl.Y Be11H'lI1He 1,00 M2. Hl1wa ce MO)l(e 3aTBOpl1TI1 3aBecoM, .i\a
B'OAa He 611 npCKa11a no Kyna
nl
11y.
AKO je TyW cn060Jl.aH, a Jl.a 6H ce 1136erno npcKalbe BOAe, CTaBJba ce
nOHI1I{nOBaHI1 CI(eneT 01(0 Kora ce HaByqe YBOWTalbeHO nnaTHO
en . 177. YlHcTanauHja ce cacTojH caMO 1'13 TO'lefie apMaType.
Y nOAy je peweTKa 3a oAnHB ca eMaJbHpaHHM I1ml nOHIIKnOBaHHM
nOKnonueM. nOA je nOnnO'laH l<epaMI1'lI(I1M nnO'll1uaMa H y 6narOM Harl16y
npeMa peweTKH. 03ro ce CTaBJba ApBeHI1 POWTI1Jb 3a cTajaH,e, Aa oc06a Koja
ce Tywl1pa He CTOjl1 Ha xnaAHOM nOAy H Aa ce He 611 Ha rnaTKoj
nnO'lIH{I1.
YMeCTo nOAa Ol\ nnO'lI'lua, MO)l(e ce CTaBI1TH HapO'lI1TI1 .!\eo ol\ <jJaj aHca
y BI1.!\y n11I1:rKOr TalbHpa - 1,0pHTa ca OTBOPOM y Cpel\I1IHI. C11. 178. OBaKBH
noce6HH TyweBH ce Mory yBOIl,MTH TaMO, rl\e nocToj H 3a cnpeMy
Tonne BOl\e .
Yl3.!\Bajalbe noce6Hlix TyweBa y l(ynaTllnHMa ca l(aJl.OM MMa CBOj npaK-
THqaH cMllcao. n pe cBera ce f.l36eraBa HeMHHOBHO BOl\e H3BaH Kal\e.
148
.ll.pyrM je pa3J10r HeyrollFlo cTajatbe y nYlioj KallH yno'rpe6Jbelle BOlle, a jom
je HeyrollHHje 4el(aTl1 )l01( ce I(alla I1cnpaSHH. WTa BMwe On?CHO je CTajanl
y I<JlI13aBoj l(alll1 11 'leCTI1 cy Hecpel1fll1 cJlY'lajeBH. CaMOCraJlHI1 cy TyweBll
HapO'Ir1TO npaKTI14HI1 y JleTO, KaAa je 1l0BOJbHO Y3eTH caMO Tyw-Kynatbe 11
npl1 TOMe 1136efHI CBe He3rOAe yrpal)eflHX TyweBa ys KaAy.
Y MI1HMMaJlHI1M CTaHOBHMa. a y
LlHJbY YWTelle y I(BaApa1'ypl1,
ce YMeCTO J< ynaTHJla ca l(aAOM, I(oja sa-
YSl1Ma 1l0CTa MeCTa, npOCTOp sa CMe-
wTaj l,asaHa ca TyweM. 3H)J.OBe Tywa
Tpe6a 060jHTH !iOjOM I1J111 06J10-
)1( I1TH IlJlOlJl1l.\aMa .
C"'lIea 1'76 - CaMoCTamlH Tylli
r
t
It:_
- ..t.r
''Oil
I
W

/Irf'
ft
\( II
\

i(
-
L
l1L

'-..

c:
Cmma 177 - CKeJleT 3a Tylli
r p y 11 H H T Y weB 11'. Y jaBRI1M 1lI 1(OJJaMa, tll-ITepHaTHMa,
l(aCapHaMa 11 I1HAYCTPI1CI(I1M srpallaMa, I'pa;/\e ce sace6Ha OIl(Jbetba ca Tyllle-
BI1Ma noperyaHI1M y HkSy paSMal(Y 0.1.\ 1,0 M. Y TOM ce CJJyqajy Tylll
caCTojl1 Oil Tylll-npCKaJJI1l.\e 11 cJJ<.I1Ha. Y\3Meryy nojeAf1HMX TYllieBa ce
CTaBJbajy nperpalle Oil eMaJbl1paHor mlM3 HJlM 03MIl aHe oneHOM tlJlM OA
6eTOHa, ca saBeCOM C npeAfbe CTpaHe . Y\cnOIl CBal (or Tyllia je OABOAHa
peWeTl<3 y nOAY.
TonJJa ce BOlla npl1llpeMa y HapOQl1HIM J<OTJlOBI1Ma, OAal(Jle ce paSBOAH
nOl.\11HI(OBaJHIM ueBI1Ma OA 3/4" AO CBaHor Tywa. TOnJJOTa ce BoAe nOAelll aB3
npeMa )J(eJbH nOMol1y CJJaBHHa sa TonJlY H xJJaAHY BO.l.\y.
AnH Y CJIy'lajy rpynBor Tyllll1paJ-ba y oAperyeBe M OApel)eHo Tpa-
jatbe I<ynatba, (y MBTepHaTHMa, l(acapHaMa H T. CJI.) CTaBJba ce jeAHa
149
uelnpaJlHa 6aTepHja - MeWaJllfua ca TepMOMeTpOM. OBOM PYl(yje
OApeijeHO JlI1Ue 11 nOl\ellIaBa TOnJlOTY npeMa rO.Ql1l1IlbeM n06y 3a CBe jenHal(O.
l{OA nojenHHHx TYllI-MeCTa llOJla311 caMO npCI<aJlI1Ua. CJI . 179.
If
,I
..
. _---@----
CnHKa 178
Cm-rallo I(OPIITO 3a Ty W
CnHI,a 179
rpynHI1 TyweDII ca l.\eHTpanHoM MewanHI.\OM
npOCTopl1je ca TyweB'lMa Mory HMaTH onliiTe CBJla'lI10IlHue I1J1H je caM
i1POCTOP 3a Tylli nperpal)eH Ha lIBa neJla, na npBH CJlY>l(H I{ao CBJla'l110HI1ua.
39. npHOOpH 3a npalbe Hory
nopen npocTopa 3a TyllIl1palbe, y nOMeHYTHM ce YCTaHOBaMa npel\BI1-
1}ajy Tal(ol)e ypel)ajH HCI(JbY'lI1BO 3a npalbe Hory. 3a Ty CBpXy nOCToje
HapO'lHTe nocylte on <jJajaHca y BI1ny n JI 11 T 1\ 0 r 1\ 0 P 11 T a BeJlIf'lI1He
60/60 CM. OBaHBa ce KOpl1Ta CTaBJbajy 061f'lHO y Hlf3Y Y ABa peAa. KOpl1TO
je OJU1rHYTO OKO 30 CM. OA nona lIa '1enlpl1 HO>l<Hue HJlII Ha nylloM nOCTOJby.
150
M3HaA CBaKor KOpl1Ta cToje no ABe cnaBHHe, a y AHy je OTBOP ca ttenOM.
McnOA CBaKor OTBopa je peweTKa y nOAy ca CI1!j>OHOM.
y L\I1Jby YWTeAe, Mory ce l<opl1Ta 113paAI1TI1 Ha nl1L\y MeCTa Oll6erOHaj
na ce noene 06no)l{e nn0411L\aMa. )91a.llHa 11 Tonna BOlla AOBolle ce L\eBHMa y

m


Cmma 180 - I{0PIITO 3a npalbc Hory
nOWf 11.0 cBaK,Or T04ener MeCTa, a.OABOA je y 3ajeAHI14KY L\eB Ha 4HjeM ce
Kpajy, H3BaH 1.(OpHTa, Hana3H 3ajeAHHtIJ(a peweTJ<a ca CH!j>OHOM. Cn. 181.
Cmma 181 - Ypet)ajll 3a npalbc Hory
QBaj je ypeljaj Bpno nOTpe6aH 3a l<acapHe 11 paAHe 6pHraAe, JI;a JbyAI1 Mory
CBal(OAlJeBHO npe n04HHl<a Aa onepy Hore. BHCHHa je nOAeweHa TaKo, Aa ce
MO)J(e 6e3 3aMopa npaTH y cTojefieM cTaBY.
40. npH60pl1 3a CJlHBOBe y noAY
3a OHY BOAY J(oja ce npll npalby M Kynalby nponHje Ha noll., 3aTI1M
1(01l TyweBa, nepI10HI1L\a, rapa)l{a 11 en. CTaBJbajy ce npOCTI1 npH60pl1 - Tano-
)I<fJl1L\11 y nOAY I1nl1 nOJI; I1MeHOM: "peweTJ(e y nOJI;y" . npeMa TOMe l(aJ<Ba
ce BOJI;a nponHBa' OfJe Mory 611TI1 nOJI;ewefJe 3a: nepHOHHL\e, l(yjfJe, l<ynaTl1na
rapa)l(e.
41. PeweTl(e 3a nepl10HHL\e
Cn. 182. Vl3paljeHe cy OA nl1BeHOr rBo)l{lja y AHMeH311jaMa.
YIMajy yrpaljeH CI1!j>OH 11 nHBeHY I<O!j>HL\Y 3a Tanor, peWeTI(aeT nOJ<nonaL\ ea
pe6pl1Ma Ha pa3Mal<Y OJI; 15 MM.
151
_____ _ _ ,-_ ____ _
___ 3 _______ ---.: ___ -\-__ --.:.: " ___ .L-__ ....:.:. .l __ _
235 I fO 100
CmtKa 182 - PeweTKe 3a ncpHoHll ue I
Ha cJllum 183 npHJ(a3aH je Ha'IHH peweTKe y nOlly Kalla
je nepHOHHl\a y nOllpYMY 3rpalle.
Cn . 183 - YrpaljHS3t-be pcmeTKe
Y nOilPY"'Y


1
-- --_.
- .,: - : .
,
Cn. 184 - Yr palj ll S3t-be pemeTKe Y
MeljycnpaTHY I<OHCTPYKl\lIjy
Ha CJIHl\H 184 llaT je Ha4HH yrparylmaH>a nnHTKe peWeTI(e, Kalla ce
OHa Hana3e y MeljycnpaTHoj I(OHCTPYKl\11jH.
42. PeWeTl(e 3a l(ynaTHna H l(yjHe
Cn . 185 . Pa3J1111{yjy ce caMO y nOlmonl\y, I(Ojl1 je 03ro Hm!
nOHHl(nOBaH H KpY)KHOr oonHKa.
43. npHOOp 3a H3llBajaH>e MaCTH (ljJeTljJaHr)
Cn . 186 . OsaKBH ce CJIIIBHHl\11 cTaBlbajy y nOlly ImaHHl\a, MecapHI'Il\a
Benl11(I1X Kyj lil1, rile ce npooma MaCHa BOlla. M3paljeH je Oil J11IBeHor
BO)Krya . MAla yrpaljell CI1<jlOH, JIIlBeHY peWeT!<y M KO<jly ca I YKOM, a npo'IH-
l.IIheHa BOlla npOTH4e Ilalbe y KaHanH3al\11jy.
152
Ha no.!lY OBaKBHX CTaBJba ce npBO je.!lHa 06H'IHa CJlI1BHa
peWeTKa (P) sa H3.!lBajzlbe TaJlOra, a H3 OBe ce Tef( npeJll1Ba MaCHa BOlla y
H3ABaja
l
i Macnl (<jJen!JaHr) (CM) H3 I(ora ce nOTOM OABOIIH np04HwneHa BOlla
,-- 17;-.,
CJIHKa 185 - PeweTl(e 3a KYnaTltna" "yjHC
y I<aHaJlH3altHjy. CJlojalbeHa MaCT HCnJJHBaOa Ha nOBplllHHY H Ba.!lH ce 3a-
jellHO ca I<O<jJOM. CJlH4HHX npH60pa Hh\a H 3a Ha(pTy H .!lpyra yJba.
Ha eJJ. 187 npHI<a3aH je Tal(aO jeJl,aH OH ,ce cacTojH CJJFlBHe
peweTl<e y no.!ly (g) 3a H3J1,Bajalbe MeXaHH'lJ(OI: TaJJora a OJl,aTJle ce npeJJHBa
y H3J1,BajalJ yJba (h).
153
YJbe II Oell30ll l(aO llaKWH O;l BOlle HcnllHBaBajy Ha nOBpUf1>IHY (d)
Ollal;lle ce BeHTHllOM (e) HcnywTajy y cl<ynJba
t
l yJba (i). npOtlHWlieHa BOlla
.....
111
Cmma 187 - Vf3ABajaQ YJba H 6eH30na
a) = .D.OBoA
b) = CYA 3a Tanor
c) = nOAcoHa KOMopa
Cl =
c, = .. ..
d = VfaABojen cnoj YJba
e = BeHTHJl 3a oTCTpafbefbe YJba
f = Vf3nHB BOAe 6ea YJba
g = CnHBHHK Y nOAY (peweTKa)
h = Vi3ABajaQ YJba H 6eH30na
i = CJ<ynJbaQ YJba H 6eH30na I
k = OABOA o'lHwlielie BOAe Y
;, 1..1
113 113Jl.Bajatta npOTl1tte OJl.BOjI<OM (k) llaJbe y l(aHaJ1I13aul1jy. YKOJlI1J(O OH
I1nal( llOCnellO HeWTO TallOra 113 peweTl<e Y nOIlY, npe.1(Bl1ljeHa je jow jellHa
1<0Q>l1l.\a (0) Y npBoj I(OMOPH (c).
44.
a) XuzujeHcKe 'teCAte - no jUlia
no WI(OllaMa, .1(ettl1jHM 00llaHl1WTI1Ma 11 Clll1ttHI1M YCTaHOBaMa, npeABI1-
Ijajy ce HapO'lI1Te x 11 r H j e H C I( e tt e C M e. OHe cy nOlleweHe TaI<O, lla je
He3llpaBO nl1jelbe BOlle H3 3aje.1(HI1'l"Or CYlla, a Tal(O I1CTO H
MoryiiHocT nOllMeTalba YCTa nOll nl1naK CJlaBI1He.
Mlla3 BOlle YMeCTO .1(a Te'le HaHI1)1{e I<ao 1<0Jl. OOHttHHX ttecaMa) OI<peHyT
je-HaBl1we y Bl1llY Ollaror BOIlOCI<Ol<a. nojl1ll0 je Tal(O nOllellIeHO, lla je OTBOP
03ro 3aWTI1lieH jellHoM BPCTOM l<opOl1ue, I(oja He llonYWTa lla ce YCHaMa
npHlje nl1nI<y. OBO je BpllO Ba)l{Ha Mepa y I.\HJby cnpettaBalba npeHOllIelba
3apa3HHX OOllecnl ca jellHor lleTeTa Ha Jl. pyro.
154
TOtfelbe MO)l(e 6HTH nojenHHaqHO nOMol;y CnaBlflIe JiI np'eMa 1T0Tpe6H
HJlH 1(0,1{ rpynHHx lllKOnCI<HX nojMna, CBH nHnUH pane MCTOBpeMeHO. OBal<BHM
noj.mOM pYKyje onpel)eHO mlue M nyumi Bony nOMohy jeAHe C11aBHHe 3a
BpeMe OAMopa. AKO cy nojM11a y 3rpana:,t a, OHna cy on !jJajaHca , a iil(O cy
y nBoplilllTy, 1i11li cy on nMBel-IOr rso)l<ija M11I1 OSHAaHIi . Cn . 188 .
6) K03AtemUI{KU npu60pu
3a nOTpe6e K03MeTMI<e Hao M 3a Hery pyKy M Hory (MaHMI(Mp H neAH-
Klip) 3a cPpM3epcKe paAlbe, flocToje ypel)ajM HapOqMTOr 06JlIiI<a nonellleHH 3a
C]] IIKa 189 - Pll3CpCKII CTO
Ty CBpxy. Ha np. Ha Cn . 189 BMnl1 ce jeAaH HapollliTIi CTO on $ajaHclI 3a
Hery pyKy. OBaKBM npl160pM npeTCTaBJbajy npaBe ypel)aje caMO aKO cy cno-
jeHI1 ca BonoBOnOM M KaHanM3aUl1joM.
8) lla6opamopucKe lllOlbe
JIa60paTOpMCI(M ypel)ajM llMHe cneuHjanHY BpCTy npM60pa BeOMa pa3-
HOBpCHHX no o6nHKy M HaMeHM. Mory 611TI1 OA Jl-11 B e H 0 r r B 0 )K I) a,
eM a Jb 11 P a H H, anM 063MPOM Ha KHcemlHe, 60Jbe je npenBMl)a J1X OA
nelleHor MaTepMjana.
aBe cy llIOJbe cnlillHe OCTanMM $ajaHcHHM I<QPIiTMMa caMO cy 06MqHO
I<pY)KHOr 06mrKa. Cn. 190. illoJbe ~ \ r y 6MTM no j e A 11 Hall H 0 I1HCTaJlH-
155
paHe ca TO'leHOM CJ1aBHHOM H nOCe6HHM OABOAOM UJUI cy r p y n Hey jeAHOM
HnH ABa HH3a ca 3ajeAHH'IKHM CHIj>OHOM.
CJUQ(a 190 - Jla6opaTopHCJ<e WOJbe
Ha cn. 191 npHKa3aH je jeAaH rpynHM na6opaTopMjcKHx KopMTa
y HM3y Y JtBa peAa.
CJlll1<a 191 - rpynne Jla60paTopMjcJ<e WOJbe
3a OBY cy CBpXy Raj60JbH CHIj>OHH OA KepaMHJ<e, HnH aKO cy OA nHBeHor
Mopajy 6HTH H3HyTpa eMaJbHpaHH. WOJbe cy HnH yrpat)eHe y caMe
CnHKa 192 - .rtplKa'lH sa ylipyce
CnHl(a 193 - ,I:{pll(a'IH 3a 'lame
na60paTopHcKe CTOnOBe HnH cy Y CpeAMHM J<ao CTojehM Call1OCTaJlHH npHooplf
Ha nHBeHMM ApmaqHMa ca HOraMa.
156
2) nOMOfiHU iJeJlOBJl
Y npoCTopRjaMa sa YMHBalf>e R Kynaij>e, ys nojem-lHe npR150pe AOJJlIse
paSHU nOM 0 h A R JJ. e JJ 0 B H. TaKo ce nopeJJ. yMRBaoHHKa, 15RAea R KaJJ.a,
CTaBJbajy: JJ.-pmaqR, sa py15Jbe, Ap>l(aqH 3a canYA R 'lame 3a
. I
Cnl{Ka 194 - nOnHl.\e
n p a If> e 3 y 6 a C1l. 192 H 193 11 no 11 H 1.\ e H3HaA, 3a Ap>l(alf>e TOalleTHRX
nOTpe15a C1l. 194. .
Ha C1l 195 BHAH ce HapO'lI1Ta BpCTa TOn1ll1X Ap)l(a'la 3a yi5pyce y Kyna-
TH1IHMa. OHH cy 113pa1jeHR OA nOHHK1I 0BaHl1X 1.\eBI1 0 3/4"-1" H cnojeHI1
,
Cmma 195 - Tonnl{ IIp>KaQI{ 3a y6pyce
cy ca 1.\eHTpa1lHI1M rpej albeM 111111 ca y p e ~ a j e 3a Ton1lY BOAY. KP03 1.\eBH
CTpyjl1 BOAeHa napa 111111 TOn1la BOAa Te npei5aQeHH y15pyCH i5yAy_' Ton1l11 npR
ynoTpei5R, a RCTO ce Tal(O 11 i5p>Ke cyme.
157
------------------------------------
V. npOJEI{TOBAIbE I{YTtHE I{AHAJlI13AIJ.I1JE
44. BenHqHHe OABOAHe Mpe}l(e y J(yliH
OnUlmu nojMoBu
OABOAHI1 CI1CTeM Kao cpeAcTBo 3a 6p30 11 cl1rypHo oTCTpalbelbe
ornaAHe BOAe 113 3rpaAa Mopa 611TH Tal(aB, Aa He A03BOJII1 3 a A P}K a B alb e
HeqHCTe BOAe y lbeMY 11 Aa OCHrypa n p a B 11 JI H 0 11 C 11 r y pH 0 crt 11 p a Ib e .
.lJ.a 611 ce TO nOCTl1rJIO, nOTpe6HO je OCHM HanpeA HaBeAeHI1X 3aXTeBa JOUl 11
npaBI1JIHO OApeljl1Balbe l( anaUI1TeTa OABOAHI1X ueBI1 Tj., OApeljl1Balbe IbI1XOBI1X
AI1MeH3Hja. MeljyTI1M, TO npeTCTaBJba AOCTa Te)!(aK 11 CJIO}l(eH
nocTynaI<. 4aI< ce HH paqYHCIUIM nyTeM He Jl0611jajy TaqHI1 pesYJITaTI1, Ben
caMO np116JII1}1(HI1. Ha CJIO}l(eHOCT nocrynKa npH OApeljl1BalbY KanaUl1TeTa
ueBH MHOrl1 tjJaKTOpl1 I(ao:
I. eeAUlJUHa npomOKa ' ornaAHe BOAe Tj. KOJIl1qI1Ha TeqHOC1;I1. Koja npo-
Tl1qe I<p03 ueBI1, a ql1ja ce 1<0JII1Ql1Ha He MO)!(e CaCBI1M Ta4HO oAp.eAI1TH;
2. U HepaeHoAlepHocm npOTl1ualba 11 OBe npI16JII1)KHO Y3eTe
1<0JII1' II1He BOAe;
3. PiI3HOAUKOcm Bpcra CaHI1TapHI1X ypeljaja y norJIeJlY KOJII14HHe no-
TpoUllbe BOAe 11 Ha411Ha 113JII1Balba;
4. 6poj oco6a Koje ce CJIY)Ke CaHI1TapHHM H Ay)!(I1Ha Bpe-
MeHCKor nepl10Aa HajBene ynoTpe6e.
5. HejeiJHaKocm . HCToBpeMeHe ynoTpe6e HCTI1X CaHI1TepHI1X 06jel<aTa,
HejeAHaKocT y
t
leCTaJIOCTI1 ynoTpe6e 11 HejeAHaJ<o CYCTH3albe H3JIHBa; .
6. cynpomHocm l(peTalba Ba3Ayxa 11 raCOBa y OAHOCY Ha KpeTalbe BOAe
y ueBI1Ma.
7. HejeiJHaKoclll TOKa BOAe y BepTI1I<aJIHHM H XOpl130HTaJIHI1M ueBI1Ma.
8. He jeiJHaKocm onTepelielba BepTJol1<aJIHe Mpe)Ke npeMa XOpl130HTaJiHO j.
9. HejeiJHaKocm l (anaUI1TeTa BepTI1KaJIHI1X H XOpH30HTaJIHHX ueBI1.
Ta4aH 11360p rOPlbl1X <jJal(TOpa HeMoryh je, Te ce OHH y311Majy npl1-
6JII1)I(HO Ha OCHOBY CBal(OAHeBHe npaKC H JIa60paTOpl1tKI1x onHTa.
45. l{onHQHHa pacxoAa ornaAHe BOAe
npBH H HajBa)KHl1jl1 tjJaKTop 3a OABOAHor CI1-
CTeMa, j ecTe 11 Be JI 114 H Han pOT 0 I< a omaAHe BOAe . . 3a OApeljHBalbe
HOpMI1 OBe 1(0JII1lHIHe, y311Ma ce I(ao nOJIa3Ha TaQl<a I<OJIH4HHa nOT p 0 UI Ib e
n'H j a Ii e BOA e Y 3rpaAI1, nOUITO je OABOA y Kynl1 yrJIamlOM OApa3 noTpo-
UIlbe BOAe 113 BOAoBOAa.
158
Ha 06MM nOTpOWlbe BO)l.e Y 3rpal\H yni'lY paSHII \laKTOpH Kao: T H JI
HaeeJba, BpeT a 3rpa)l.e, 6poj )IOITeJba, 6poj H BpCTa ca.
HHTapHMX 0 6 jeKa Ta.
CTora ee Koml'lIlHa oma)l.He BO.l\e MO)l(e Y3HMaTH Ha OCHOBY CJJeJl.eilHx
nO.l\aTaKa:
I. n p e M a 6 p 0 j Y )K H T e Jb a Y 3rpa)l.M, y3MMajylm Cpe.l\lbY .l\HeBHY
nOTpowlbY BO.!le Ha je)l.HY maBY M Ha )l.aH 70-150 J111T.;
2. npeMa BpCTM 3rpa )l. e M lbeHoj onpeAUI;
3. npeMa 6pojy M BpeTM ea HMT a pHMx ypeljaja Y
3rpa)l.M.
OBe ce KOJlM'IllHe Mory O)l.HOeMTM Ha )I. H e B H M, 4 a COB H H HJlM C e-
K Y H)I. H M paexo)l. BO)l.e . i{OjM fie ce BpeMeHCKH nO)l.aTaK paCXO.l\a Y3ern Y
063J.1P, 3aBMeM 3a I(ojy cy CBpXy nO.l\aUM nOTpe6HM. Y npMJlO)l(eHMM Ta6J1M-
UaMa XX )1.0 XXV )l. anl cy CBM roplhM nO)l.aUM.
Ta6J1H1\3 XX. i{OJlHQHH3 OTnallHe BOlle np eMa 6pojy cTaHapa
0 6"M nOTpOWlbe Bone
nplI YMcpeHoj (MaJloj) nOTpOWlb11 BOlle
nplI IIOBOJbHOj (cpelllhOj) nOTpOWIbO
BOlle . . . '" . .. .. . ... . .
np" o611J1Haj (Be,1H1{oj) nOTpOWlbli
BOlle ......... '" + '" +
Ha I CTaHapa Ha
naH Y JUIT.
50- 70
70- 150
150-500
Ta6J1Hl\a XXI i{OJl".'lHa pacxOlla OTnallHe BOlle npeMa' caHIITapHIIM o6jeKTHM8
,
BpcTa caH. o6jeJ<Ta
0 11 jellHe yno-
Tpe6e mIT.
Ha caT mIT. Ha lIaH
-
W.C. 7,0
YMII BaoHIlK 3,0
npeMa npeMa
nHcoap 4,0
y.eCTanoCTIl nepHoJ\Y
i{alla 180,0
ynoTpe6e TpajaH>a
Tyw 60--70,0
Dillie
I
2- 3,0 ynoTpe6e
npaoHHK 15-20,0
i{yxHH>Cl(a . e",la 180,0
CYllonep 250
J
O
Pa)l.M opMjeHTauHje Y nOrJleAY ynoTpe6e M nepuoiJy mpaialOa nojeAM-
Ha'lHe ynoTpe6e Y3MMa ce npeMa Ta6J1MUH XX IV.
3a oApeljHBalbe nepuoiJa !>IUKcuJoIUAH.e ynompe6e caHMTapHHX 06jeKaTa,
ySMMa ce npeMa BpCTH M HaA\eH"! 3rpaAe Kao Y Ta6J1HUM XXV.
159
Ta6nHua XXII. l{onH'IJIHa OTna)1He BO)1e npeMa BpeTH 3rpR)le
Spera 3rpaJIe
I
Spera
I
-
I
Ca HopMam"IHM C3.liI>lTapHHM ypeljajeM
CTaHoeHe srpa)1e
Ca H3Y3eTHlfM caHHTapHIiM ypeljajcM
,
)J;pYUlToeHe
I
Ca HopManHIIM camrrapHIiM ypeljajeM
' "
1:11 . s rpalle
XOTem, ... .. . ... ... ... . .. .. . ...
-
J aOHe 3rpalle WKone ca HajHy>KHujIiM ypeljajeM
'"
WKone ca cBUMa caHIiT. ypeljaj liMa
-
...
Pa3Ha Hal\JleurrBa ca HopManHII'"
oonHlille (no OOJ1lIH'IKOM KpeBeTY)
'"
CaHaTop"jYMII (Oil noereJbe) ... ... ...
AM6ynaHTe (Oil nOCeTilOlla) ... ... ...
)J;eqj a jacna (Ol\..lleTeTa) ... ...
'"
...
-
-
-
;;..
--: '"
<l>a6pH41<e 3rpalle
,
Ca nOTpeOHIiM ypeljajeM (no jellHoM paMIi Ky
y cMeRH) ... ... ... ... . .. .. . . ..
PallllOlllllle . Ca nOTpc6HliM ypeljajeM (no jellHoM pallRH
y CMeHu) ...
'"
.. . ... ... ... . ..
Ta6nliua XXJII 3a eKOHOMCKe 3rpalle H pR)llbe
HasHB
I
Pa<IYHCKa jellllHlIlla
I Ha jellllHullY

nOTpOllllbe .qIlT. Ha llaH
-'r
-
MeR3e Oil rOTOBJbelba jellHor ooella 18-25
MeRse
Oil jellRe T04ehe cnaBHHe -
JaBRa l<ynaTHna
Oil jellRor Kyhalba
125-180
J aBRa Ky'naTHna
Oil jellHe cnaBllHe -
nepHOHHl\a ca MCXaHllq-
.
KHAt norOHOM
Oil I I(r, eyBor py6Jba 60-75
n epHOHIil\a ca PY4HliM
norOHOM
O)I I I(r. cy Bor py6Jba 35
J aBHH K1I03eTl{
Oil I K1I03eTCl(Or Mecra 350-600
JaBHIi nHcoapli ca CTan
HHM HcnlipalbeM
Oil 1 nlicoapcl(or Meera -
oli'fjJell
Oil jellRe cnaBIiRe -
l{afjJaHe
Oil jellne cnaBHRe -
AnOTeKe
Oil jellHe cnaDIiHe
60
lla6opaToplije
0)1 orona ca 5-7 Mecra -
lleJ<apcKe OPJIHHaUHje
0/\ BpCM. nplijeMa nauHjeiJaTa -
oep6epRHI{e
Oil je)1HOr Mecra 3a
75
rap3)\(e
Oil npalba Kona
700
WTane Oil 1 rpna
Oil KOlba
50
Oil rooe4eTa
40
Oil CBlilbe
13
0)1 OBue
8
160
Pacxoll R3 rnaBY
II )IaH y JUIT.
I
125 - 150
150 -300
80-120
250-400
12,-
21,-
15,-
250-500
230-400
6, -
50-75
10-25
10, -
Ha jellllHHllY
nUT. Ha caT
-
250
-
500-800
-
-
-
200
120
300
-
I .500-2.000
30-40
-
-
Ta6mma XXIV
1
BpC1'a caH. o6jc".,.a
1
JO/lna ynoTpe6a W. C,
JC/IHO rywupalbe.
Je/lno "ynalbe
Je/ltla ynoTpc6a n",coapa
Tpaja.bc yno'fpe6e
10-15 MHH.
45 ..
eo
5-10
1- 3
I
JC/IHO y."ma.bC
- J C/lHa ynoTpe6a UII/lea 3 - 5

,r
Ta6nlll\a XX V nepllona MaJ(CIIManHe ynoTpe6e
BpCTa 3rpa/le
3a nH'my yno rpe6y Ha naH _ TpeGc 3a onWTy no-
I
n eplIO/l MaI(CH",anIlC y nOTpe6e I neplIOIl. HajAY)l(e yno-I ,
, Tpe6y na /Ian

f
n o 1 'lac: yjYTOY, y nO/lHC H yoe"c. 0/1 7- 13",
Y,<yrmo 3 eaTa. 0/1 19-':2 1 8 qaCOBa
0 /1 8-12 2
0/1 14--16
01\ 6-7 ',aeOBa
n o 2 '.aea yjYTPY II YBe4e.
Ceera 4 "aea. 0 /1 16-18 yaeOBa
60JlH.Hje n o 3 4aca Y jYTPY H YOC4C.
CBcra 6 cam. Oil 16-18 'laCOBa
no 1 ' .ac 0/1 CMwe.
3a Be.nHlJHHe Kyime OABO}J.He Mpe)l(e Tpe6a ce npl1}J.p)l(aBaTI1
cne}J.el1Hx ynYTcT3Ba:
a) 3 a M a tb e 11 C peA tb e M p e )I( e Haj60Jbe je oApeljHBaTI1 KOfl]1-
lJHHy pacxoAa Ha 6a311 6poja 11 Bpc Te caHI1TapHI1X 06jeKaTa.
6) 3a Ben If I( e AI p e )I( e MO)Ke ce palJYHaTI1 npeMa 6 p 0 j y 0 C 0 6 a
11 B P C T 11 3 r pa}J. e. <
AKO ce pa<lyHa npeAl a 6pojy 06jel<aTa, Tpe6a Y3eTI1 y 06311P CBe Ol(on-
HOCTIf I(ao: AI 0 r y I1 .H 0 C T 11 C T 0 B P e Me Hey nOT p e 6 e Be 11 e r 6 poi a
06jeKaTa, YQeCTa710CT ynoT p e6e 11 nep"0Aa HH-
TepBana Ala](CI1ManHOr Tpajatba ynoTpe6e.
3a Mal'be 3rpaAe, I{oje I1Majy no jenaH 06jel(aT O}J. CBa"e BpCTe,
MO}l(e ce npemOCTaBI1TI1 ycneA pa3HOnl1l{OCT11 I1oTpe6e, Aa Mory 611'1"11 Hi: T 0-
13 P e M e HOY nOT p e 6 Jb e H 11 CBI1 06jeKTI1 11 OH}J.a 11e ce np"6nH-
)I(HO peami a Bpe}J.HocT pacxoAa . .
3a Benl1J( e 11HCTanal.\I1je ca Beftl1M 6pojeM 11 C T 11 X 06je-
l{aTa, 11 C T 0 B P e M e HOC T 113 n 11 B a CBHX 06jel<aTa 3HaTHO je pelja, Te
.U(O ce Y3enl1 CBI1 06jel(TI1 y 063HP, }J.06Hnl1 6H ce ancYP}J.HH pe3ynTaTH
y rror.lleAY Benl14HHa OJl.BO.!lHI1X l.\eBH.
WTO ce TH4e <pal(TOpa H epa B Ii 0 Me p HOC T 11 cp a Ij y HaT e K o-
J! 11 4 H Ii ep a c x 0 .!l a, OH ce MO)l(e }J.e<jlHIi HcaTH I(ao OAHOC M a "C 11-
M a J! H 0 r pac x 0 }J. a 11 C P e }J. tb ern p 0 C e 4 H 0 r pac x 0 }J. a, Ta Ce
HepaBHoMepHocT MO)I(e O.!lHOCHTll 11 Ha .!lHeBHY 11 Ha l.IacoBHY nOTpollHby.
161
OBaj ce qial(l'Op 1(011e6alba I(Oml
l
lHHe paCXOl\a MO)Ke H3P!l3HTH I< 0 e (I> H l( i'I-
j e H TOM npeMa BpCTi'I 3rpal\f, Bi'll\i'I Ta611HUY XXV I.
XXVI . l(oe!jJlllll1jurra KepaoKoMCpKOCTI4 Konl4Ql4l1e OTnaJl He BOlle
BpCTa arpalle
I
Koelj>HllJ.1j eHT Ha 'lac
I
1(0e!jJIlUllj ellT Ha AaH
I
CTaHfie HC arp3/1e 1,8--2,5 1,5-2,0
WKo11e 1,5 1.10
6 011 Hlllle 2,5 2,0
AM6Y11 3I1TC 2,0 -
I
.ne'j a 06113mlWTa 2,0
-
.ne'j a jac11 a
i -
2,0 1,5
I
.npywTBeHe arpalle ] ,5 -
C'{J10HI1WTa H JlOMODI! 1,4 1,06
KynanlJl a 1,0 1,0
Ky jll e H MeHac 1,5 1,2 -
n apHe 1,0 1,0
VlllAYCTpHCl(a npclIyaeha 3,0 - -
r apa)l(c'
-
7-8
OBaj 1(0ecjlHUl1j eHaT 03Ha4yje 1(011111(0 je Mal(CHMa11HH pacxOI\ y j el\HOM
'lacy l111i'l y jel\110M l\aHY, Belil1 01\ cpel( lber paCXOl(a 3a HCTO
[]pUA-tep oiJpelju8G/ba KOAU'ILlHe omnaiJfle 80iJe
_ Jel(Ha WK011Cl<a 3rpal(a I<oj a 01\ CaHI1TapHHX 06jel(aTa HMa: 201{1103eTa .
10 nHcoapa, 8 5 Ba110Ba 3a nparbe PYI(y CBal<H no 6 C11aBHHa
11 8 TyweBa .
l{ol1 l1
l
ll1Ha npoce4Aor pacxol(a Ha l\aH 'H3Helie:
01\
H11 03eTa KOM. 20 X 6 4aCOBa X 4 nyTa Ha CaT X 7 11HTapa = 3,360,0
0'[( 10 X 6 X 10 X 2 = 1.200,0
0'[( YMHBaOHHI(a 8 X 6 X 5 X 3 720,0
0'[( Ba110Ba 30 X 3 X 5 X 3 = 1, 350,0
01( TyweBa 8 X 2
X 3 X 60 = 2.280,0
Y l<ynHo 11HT.jl\a,H 8.910,0
AKO YSMeMo Koecjli'll(Hj eHT HepaBHOMeptiOCTH 1,10 OH'[(a lie yl(YfllH!
I(
A
eBHI1 MaI(Ci'l Ma11HH pacxo'[( 113HeTH 9700,0 11i'lTapa.
3a 6p30 H TalJHO OI\BO,[(He Mpe)l(e y l(yhl1
OI(HOCllO 3a npopallyH Bel1l1'1I1He npe4HHKa OI(BOI(HHX l(eSH, MO)I e noc11Y)I(HTH
MeTOI( no CaMrHHY.
no TOM MeTOI(Y, l{Ol1HlJl1Ha Q'rnal(He BOAe 06palJYHaBa ce y mIT. /cel<' 3a
CBe H311 11Be T. j. 3a CBe caHHTapHe ypelj aje l<ojH ce BC3yjy Ha jel(FIY Bcpnr-
l(a11 Y 11 npcl(o Ibe onTepehyjy OABOI(Hy Mpe)l(y.
CYMa 1(011 11 411Ha H311HBa CBI1X Bepnu<a11 a y l(ytm, I(alie yl<ynHy I(oml-
411Hy OI(BOl(a 3a I(ojy 1(01111' IHHY y 11I1T ./cel<' , Tpe6a OJ(peI(HTH Beml'IHHY npc-
4f)i'l J<a l(eBH.
162
Y Ty CBpxy naTe cy Ta6n. XXVII W XXVIII.
Y Ta6n. XXV I I )l,aTe cy KOnl1'HlHe 113nHBa nojenHHHx CaH}lTapHHX
06jel(aTa, CBe)l,eHH Ha Onll1TI1 el<BHBaneHaT (I(). 3a je,L!lHlHllY ce y3HMa H3nHB
on jc.a eMeHCI<e II1OJbe. I{ofllllJl1Ha H3fl1ma je 06palJYHaTa y nHT./MHH.
W nHT. j ceK.
Ha Ta6n. XXV I I I naTI1 cy npOueBTr1 jenBoBpeMeBwx H3mma e1<Bm3a-
,neBTBI1X 06jeKaTa H TO noce6BO npeMa Kapal(Tepy 1\llejy rnaBHI'lltBpCTa
3rpana: 3a CTaR6eHe 11 3a JlpYIllTBelie 3rpane.
Ha OCBOBY nOnaTaKa y Ta6nl111aMa XXV I I 11 XXV I II MO)!(e ce Bpno
- nal(O 11 6p30 113pa'lYBaTI1 yl<ynHa KOnl1'1I1Ha 113n11Ba, 1(0jl1 omepehyjy nOTHlJHY
onBonHY Mpe)l(Y a nOMohy OnlllTer 06pacua:
Q = L N P,qn
100
Y TOM 06paCllY I<ao H y Ta6nHllaMa XXV I I W XXV TI I 03HalJeHH Cy ca:
N = f{onHlB1B3 (6poj) 06jel(aTa je)l,Be BpcTe.
P = npoueHaT je)l,HOBpeMeHl1x 113nHBa HCTWX .06jel<aTa.
q" = I{ofll1lJHHa I1Snl1Ba nojenHHHx 06jel(aTa y nI1T. j cel( . 113 Ta6n. XXV I I.
npl1Me p
113palJYBaTI1 Benl1lJl1HY npe'lHl1l(a rnaBBor l(yhBor l, aHana 3a
I<oja I1Ma Tpl1 BepTI1I(ane (I, 2, 3) a HaMel'beHa je 3a )l, pYIllTBeHe nOTpe6e.
Ha BepTl1l<anl1 (I) I1Ma: 10 1(n03eTa, 10 yMHBaOHI1I<a, 10 I(a)l,a, 5 lJeCaMa
11 10 611Jlea 11 8 TYllleBa . .
I-!a BepTl1l(anl1 (2) HMa: '14 1<n03eTa , 14 YMI1BaoHl1l(a W 14 lJeCaMa.
Ha BepTf1l(anl1 (3) I1Ma: 8 Kn03eTa', 8 YMI1BaoHI1Ka 11 8 I<ana .
Ha Bepnll(anW (4) nona311 Cnl1B ca l<poBa nOBpll111He 246,40 M 2
npeMa TOMe npOpalJyH he 113HeT!1 I<ao II1TO ce BI1JlW 113 npWnO)l(eHOr
Ta6enapHor nperneJla: _
I Omcpehclbe 116poj I YKyn3H 6POi l
C
BpCTa 11 3J1HBa nepTHK3rra I1CTIIX '
Pa4Y"
I I 2 1!2 "3J1HBa I
JlHT./CCf('
Il{Jl03CTa W. C. 10 14 8 32 32 x 0,079 X 1,20 = 3,03
YMHBaoHllI<a 10 14 8 32 32 X 0,079 X 0,17 = 0,43
l{aJ\3 10 8 18 18 x 0,105 X 0,67= 1,26
Dlf!lea 10 10 10 X 0,143 X 0,15 = 0,21
Tywcaa 8 8 8 X 0,15 X 0,22 = 0,26
4 ecMH 5 14 19 19 X 0,10 X 0,33 = 0,62
--- -
Gaera 5,81 JlJf1'./ceK,
BepTI1I(ana (4) onTepehyje rnaBHW I<yliHI1 l<aHan ca !(Onl1'1I1HOM 1<11111-
Hl1ue, I(oja ce patlyHa npeMa HajBeheM na}.ly 3a rpan 6eof!Jan on 125 nHT./cel(.
no xel(Tapy
npeMa TOMe Bepnn<ana (4) onorepehyje OnBOnHI1 CI1CTeM ca :
246,40 x 0.0125 = ............ 3,08 nI1T. jceK.
8,89 nI1T./ceJ<'
Ha OCHOBY n06HBeHe \(ujll1lJWHe y Ta6nwllaMa XXX I Hana3WMO onro-
Bapajyhe Bpe}.lHOCTW T. j. na ueB on e 150 MM. ca nanOM O,ll, 3% (0.03)
MO)!(e na -npHMI1 10,6 n. j cel<. npl1 nyJ-beJ-by ueBI1 0)1, 0,5 BI1CWHe npetlHwl<a a
21,1 n./cel(' 3a nyBw npe'lHI1!(, npl1 6P311HI1 O,ll, 1,03 M./ceK.
II 163
Ta5mtl{!l XXVII. KOJIuquua Itsmma nojcAuH.tX C8HHTapH.tX 06Jel(8
T
8
EKnUOaJICltaT
I O)\UOl1 U3J1I1Sa
8pCT3 IIsJ11101t0r oGjcl(Ta
K
y Y n UT. CCI(.
lIccMcHcKa WOJba
I 20 0,33
KJl03eTCKa WOJba ca OlleOl{IIM pe3cpBoapoM 3,6 1,20
I{.Q03CTCKa WOJba ea HIICI(ltM pesepooapoM 6,0 2,00
nllcoapcKa WOJb8
0,5 10 0, 17
YMlloaOlllll\ 0.5 10 1,17
CY110nCP
2.0 40 0,67
Kalla 2,0 40 0,67
Tyw 0,7 14 0,22
Mana lJeCMa 0,25 5 0,0
DlIl1e 0,50 10 0,15
Ta6mtl.\a XXVIII . np0l1ell8T JellllospeMellltX HMIIsa ItCTIIX 06jel(8T8
CTall GeHc 3rpane
I
Jl,pywTOCHe 3rpane
N
I
p
N
I
' p
no
10 19,8
I
no
10 14,3
I
"
15 16,2
"
12 12,9
"
20 14,0
"
14- 12,0
"
25 12,6
"
16 11,2
"
3D
11 ,5
"
18 10,5
"
35 10,6
"
20 10,0
"
40 9,9
"
25 9,0
"
45
9,4
"
30 8,2
"
50 8,9
"
35 7,6
"
60 8, 1
"
40 7,1
"
70
7,5
"
45 6,7
"
80 7,1
"
50 6,3
"
90
6,6
"
60 5,8
"
100
6,3
"
70 5,4
"
120
5,7
"
80 5,0
"
140
5,3
"
90 4,7
..
160
5,0
"
100 4,5
"
180
-
4,7
"
120 4,1
"
200
4,4 .. 140 3,8
..
250
4,0 .. 160 3,6
"
300
3,6
" 180 3,4
"
350
3.4
" 200
"
400
3, 1
" 250 2,8
"
450
3,0
" 300
2,6
"
500
2,8
" 350
2,4
"
600
2,6
" 400 2,2
"
700
2,4
" 500 2,0
"
800
2,2
" 600 1,8
"
900
I
2,1 ,. 700
I
1,7
1000
2,0
.. 800
1,6
" 1500 1,6
" 900
1,5
,, 2000
1,4 ., 1000
1,4
164
---
46. nponHcH 0 ynoTpe6H HopMHpaHHx npeQHHX8 QeDH
nOWTO cy H3JJ1 Elf! caHHTapH,IX 06jeKaTa HopMHpaHH H OrpaHH'IeHH Ha
H3BeCTail 6poj cjla6pH'IKHX AHMeH3;lja, a HCTO TaKO M cjJa6pM!(aQMja QeDH, TO
ce Kanal.(l1'reT KyliHe Mpe)l(e He Mopa 0):tpelj MBaTl1 Ra'lYHCI(MM nyTeM, Bel; cy
Te Ben11'1MHe nponMCHMa OApelj eHe. npeMa Tolle, nponlilCMMa je Ta'lHO o.llpe-
IjeHO 1, 0nHI(H npocjJMn Tpe6a )l.a MMajy nojeAMHe O)l.BO)l.He QeBM y O)l.HOCy lOa
BPCTY ueBH H MeCTO ynoTpe6e.
n pH OApetjl1Batby OSHX npoIDIca Y3eTH cy Y 063Hp CBH nOMeHYTM $a-
I(TOPH ,I cjJeHOMeHH y OABO)l. HOM cHcTeMy, a HapOY;ITO 'IHtbeHMua lIa ce y
Mpe)I(H 06e36eAH cn060AHO CTpyjatbe Ba3Ayxa H raCOBa . CTora cy nponHCOM
npe)l.BHljeHl1 npellHHUI1 ueBI1 HeWTO BeIlH, Hero WTO 6H ce pa'lYHCI(HM nyTeM
)l.06HnH. .
Ta6nHl1n XXIX npO(jlllna Keps.IIIQKIIX l1eOH npeMa MecTY ynoTpe6e
BCJlHlHlHa
Y" YTpawluer
npClJUlfl\:a
y MM.
e 75
eloo
e 125
e 150
e 200
H BuUIe
I
I
I
M ECTO y n OTPE6E
Y lIolboj OIlOolliloj Mpe)I(1I I<ao XOplIsoHTana Oil jelll!or
OABO].tH 06HlfHC cnnallllHc, a y roplboj Mpe)I<H MO)I(e
oGje!(ra, I(Oj H
ce ynoTpeGH1'H
I(ao BCHTH1l3UHOHa QeB.
- --
Y 1I0IbOj MpC>l<l 1 1(ao xOpH30HTa1l3 3a OABon cnnatlHlla 01\ BHwe 06je-
l(aTa. Y roplnOj MPC}f(H 1(30 BepTIIKana sa <iJCJ<anHe - 1(JI0SeTCJ<C
BOAC Ii K30 BCHTHJJ3UHOHa UCO.
Y IIBOPHWHOj "pe)I(H sa OIlDOIl J<POBHIIX CnllBOBa Tj . cnoj I(IUUHlIX ony-
4lbaKa ca l(aflanI1Sal1l1j oM. Y KyllHoj lIolbOj Mpe)!U' sa Bche cmlDOBC
0611tlHIIX cnnallHHa.
--
Y MlnOj MPC)I(H sa OIlBOIl <jJel(anHHX BOlla Oil 1(JI0SeTa II yomrrre Kao
rnamm I( Ii.HH 1<3H311. y
3a aehe ABOPHWHC H YllHt{HC l<aHanc.
47. OnwTa npaBHJJa H ynyTcTBa 3a npojel(TOD8lbe l(aH8JIH3al{Hje
I

,Ua ce je)l.HO rpaAl1JJ111l1Te ca H3rpaljeHHM 06j el(TOM MO)l(e cnoj "T" Ha
YJIHlJHH l(aHan , nOTpe6HO je y3 Tpa)Ketbe )l.o3Bone 3a Be3Y, nO)l.HeTM M'eCHI1h\
BnaCTI-IMa Ha 0)l.06petbe n n a ROB e I( a Han H 3 a U H j e . .
npeTXO)l.HO ce Mon60M Tpa)Ke nOllaUH f(ojl1 CBAp)l(e: n o n o)!(a j ynl1-
'I H 0 r 1< a Han a H lberOBY y)l. a Jb e HO C T O)l. perynaUHoHe nHHHje rpa-
)l.HRI1WTa; Ben H'I H R Y YHyTpaWtber npe'lHHKa l<aHana; H a r H 6 l<aRaJl a
H n p a B a U OTHUatba " Ha j 3a)l. K 0 T Y )l. H a I< a Han a_
AKO je ynH'IHH KaHan Oil, l, epaMJollll<e ueBH OH)l.a je nOTpe6HO 03H3'1"TI1
non 0 )1 a j HOT C TO j a tb e n p 11 " Jb Y 'I H epa 'I B e, a Tal(O BCTO B 11-
165

Tllfinll.l\a XXX npOcJIHna rB03l1eHHX JlHBeHHX ueBH npeMB MeeT}' ynOTpe6c
e 50
I
Y roplboj MPClKlI I(ao XOPII3011T3nHII orp3HaK Y cnparoBHMa 3a 01100/1
DOIIC all npalba II YMHDalba II TO 01\ jCI\Hor 06jcKTa 1\0 Depnfl<ane.
e 70
I
Y rOPlboj MPC)I(H I<ao BCpTIII(ana 3a Ol\nOI\ pa31ulx clI JlallHHa, I(ao
BCIITII1IaiUlOlla uen " I(ao xOPll30llT3J1\l\I orpaHaK 3a nche npH60pe
(S3 KaI\C, n3110nc II C1I.)
I
eloo
I
Y r oplboj I(ao nCpTI\I(a1la 3a 01\801\ tjl cKa1l llHX 801\a OA KIlO-
SCTa , I(ao DCHHlJI31UIOIIC UCDlI H 1(30 orpaHa,K 3a OA-
I
nO'1 pa31111X Cn1la41111a 1<01\ nC1II\I<Wx IIHCTa1l3UHJa.
e 125
I
3a OI\DOI\ I(YXlllbCI<lIX " I\pyrnx Cn1la41111a 1<01\ nehHx III1CTamlUllja II
Kao r1l aOHli caollll>!H 1(311a1l Y l(yliH aKO CC OH BOIlII DHI\HO no 3111\Y
Ha KOH301laM<! H1I1l Ha 6aHI(HHaMa.
e 150
I
3a OllnOIl I(YXHlbCKIIX II IIpymx Cn1la4Hlla 1(011 eC1IIIKHX IIl1cTanalU'lja
H 200
II I(ao r1l anHH Ky J.IIH l(alla1l, al(O 011 Hlle no 3HIlY, ""III Ha 6aHlo" .... 1
Tj . 3\(0 IIIIje Yl(ollaH.
C H H C I( Y I( 0 T Y Haj6J111>I(e CTanll'e Ta'll<e (penepa), HnH I( OTY no I(n 0 n U a
Haj6nH)I(er ynH'IHor CHnaaa H K 0 T Y tberOBora AHa.
ee H3Aajy Y BHAY (!lOpMyna - npOTOI( OJla. .
nnaHOBH ce nOAHoee Ha 0.Q06petbe y Tpl1 npHMepl (a O.Q KOjHX jeAaH
Mopa Ha npOBll.QlIoj xapTHjl1, a .Qpyra .QBa npl1Mepl<a l1a 1lenpOBH.QHoj
xapTHjll. Y a nnaHOBe ce npl1nalKy CBH nO.QaTUH. nnaHOBe Tpe6a
npecaBI1TI1 y (POPMaT 21/29,7 CM. Ha oeHoBy nO.QlieTHX nnallOBa .Q06Hja ee
0.Q06pel-be aa l1aBpwelbe.
npHnHI( OM npojel( TOBatba l ( yliHe Mpe)J(e Tpe6a ee npH.Qp)l(aBaTH enel\ei'iHx
rnaBlil1X Ha4cna:
1. npBO lIa
'
leno
6a .Qa 6Ylle WTO
-"
rnaCH: rnaBHa Mpe)l(a Tpe-
I( palia, WTO npaBHja H l\a ce, no Mory-
11 Ii 0 e Til, III Ton p e H 3 B e.Q e H-

3 BaH 3 r p a .Q e, CJI. 196.
rOpl-bH je 3aXTeB onpaBAaJ-i,
jep YI( OJlIO(O je Mpe)Ka I(pa-
l1a YTOJlHKO ce Kpafie BpeMe
6 aBe y tb 0 j Ijl e I( a JI H j e H tb e-
HI1 TpyIbI1BH npoueel1.
J I
YI(OJlHKO je Mpe)Ka n p a B 11 j a
6ea npeno'Ma YTOJII1I<O je n P a B
H 11 j e 11 tbeHO CnHpatbe.
TaKo je l1eTO onpaBAaH 11 aa-
X'feB .Qa ee ea rnaBHI1M l(yI1HHM
C1IIII(a 196 - CnOJbHa "Op"30HTa1lHa MpelKa l(aHaJlOM llI'fO npe I1Ae 11 3 BaH
arpa.Qe, jep je arpaAa, y cJlY4ajy
J<Bapa K3HaJlHaaUHje, Matbe H3JlO?KeHa llITeTII. Y npaJ<TI11JHOM norne.QY
OJlal( wasa nocTynal< npl1 I(OnalbY pOBOBa, nOJIaralhY ueBI1 H eBeHTyanliHx
OnpaBI(I1.
It13Y3eTal< 4HHe Y311AaHe arpaAe Y rYCTOM HaceIbY, rAe 11 l<aHaJi
Mopa npOna3H'fH I(P03 l<yl1y. Y TOM cnY4ajy arpaAa 'fpe6a Aa I1Ma nO.QpYM
16G
Y lleJl oj }lY)I(HHH l(aHana. Y@nHI(O npH3eMHe 3rpa}le HeMajy nOJlpYM noolt
nOBplllHHOM, H 3 6 era BaT H n p 0 B 0 I) e Ii> e I( a Han a Hen 0 Jl
}lenOBa .
.if
.' 7 ',)<)' , ""7 '/.' '-./" "
= -::- -= ::: ::. -----=---=--::::::-..L -..,.....b.l<---.-:=-.:....:..::.::....::>J
r \,
,\'..
(-
Cnlll(a 197 - npaoHnno BOt)CIbC KyllHe Mpe)l(e
,Il.a 6H ce 3a}lOBOJbHO rOpli>11 3axTeB, 60Jbe je rnaBHH KaHan BO}l11TH
n3BaH 3rpa}le, na Mal<ap Mpe)l{a 6H1Ia Mano }lY)l(a, B11}lr1 C1I. 197.
2. ,Il.pyro npaBH1I0 maCH: n p OB 0 Ije Ii> e I< a Han a HC n Oil Hn H
l ( P 0 3 3 H }l 0 B e H 3 B O}l H T H n 0 }l n p a B 11 A\ Y r nOM. \{OCO npecl!-
ual-be H36eraBaTH, jep Talmo npoBolj eli>e He caMO. lllTO je Te)Ke H330}lJbHBO H
cl<ynJbe, Beh y Behoj MepH cna6H 311}l , BH}lH c;J. 71 .
167
3. Tpehe npI DIiIlo rIl acw If 3 6 er a Ba T 11 n p 0 B 0 I) e Ib e l( y 1; H 0 r
l< a Haii a Ay )K II r Ila BHI-IX Te le Jb HI1X 311.'\OB a CTo na
T e M e Jb a, Haj "lalbe.ie oTcTojalbe y 3rpaAI1 I,D i\I. a H3BaH 3rpaAe 1,5 M.
4. 4 eTBpTo np rii aCIl: no II 0 )1(.3 j Be p T 111< a II a 1\ p.a C n 0-
pe A no j e ;l ll H H X C a H Ii Tap H.FI X 0 6 J e Ka T a T p e 6 a )l, a JeT a-
I, a B, A a x 0 p II 3 0 H T a II H 1'1 M P T B H 0 r p a H U 11 6 e 3 o )l, Y W I( e,
H e 6 YAY C Y B 11 W e A y r 11 VI A a H e 6 y A e 0 AB e li ,\\ H 0 r o. 0 6 J e-
KaT a cnoj e Ho Ha j eAHY BepTJ.lI( aIl Y. Pa'lYHa ce na Je HOp-
MaJil1a "y naTHncKa rpyna OI'la, Koj a ce caCTOj Vl OA W. C., ymlBaOFl l11 a H
I(BAe. 0 aa j j e 3BXTeB onpaBAaH 11 y TeXHHtl KOM norIleAY H Y norIleAy
J{ OWTalba.
npeKO OBHX HOpMH Y TeXHH'lI(OM 611 norIleAY CBaKa Bel1a rpynaul1j a
06jeKaTa 1-1 AY)l(l1Ha orpaHaKa, 3a XTeBaiia noce6Ho npoBeTpBBalbe. AH ce y3.
TO ca6epy Ay)l(VlHe nojeAI1HI1x orpaHaKa H 6poj <jJa30HcKI1X OMaAa, 113HeIlO
611 Bluue Her o Aa je y6B'leHa jow j eAHB HOBa Bepnll(aiia.
Y cIIy'l ajy rpynHHx 06jel(aTa y cepHjl1 Tpe6aIlO 611 Ha I<pajy TahBor
orpaHKa onywKy AO H3HaA I(pOBa .
5. neTO npaBHIIo riiaCH: npH 'oApeljHBalbY nOIlO)Kaja BepTHKaiia na3HTI1
Ha B e p T H K a II H Y n 0 A Y A a p HOC T Y P a 3 Mew T a j y 0 6 j e !( a T a
TaKO, Aa jeAHa BepTl1l<aIla 5YAe HChOpl1wtieHa y CBI1M cnp8TOBI1Ma.
6. WeCTo npaBI1I10 rIl aCI1: n p H A e II H M 11 4 H 0 hi nOB e 3 H B a Ib y
I( H UI H 11 X 0 II Y I( a C a I. a H a II H 3 a U 11 j 0 M H 3 a 6 paT 11 y Bel< p a jibe
T a 4 K e I< y 11 H e hi p e)1( e, Tj. HajYAaJbeHVljy OIly4Hy ueB H HaJ5I1I1)1(Y
npeMa YIlI1UII. Ha Taj ce Ha4HH nOCTH)I(e ABOCTpYl<a A05HT: HcnHpalbe rii B-
Hor l(yliHor KaHaiia H npOBeTpaBalbe Ji.BopHllIHe Mpe)l{e H ymlQHOr npI1I(JbYQI(a.
7. CeAMo npaBHIIo rnaCI1: r ajrepoBe CIIHBHHl(e y ABOPHWTY
pac n 0 peA'" T '" T a I( 0, A a 6" p 3 0 11 P a B HOM e p H 0 0 U e 1) y j Y
U e II y ABO P 11 WHy nOB p W H H y. AKO je ABOpl1WTe y Han16y i OI'IAa
I1X Tpe6a CTBBHTH KOA HajHH)I(e Ta'll' e. VlCTO Tal(O c;raBHTH Y AHY KOIlCI<BX
npOIla3a, al(O je npOIla3 CTPM, 3aTI1M Y AHY paMnH HIII1 Y AHy CHIIa3a Y
OAeJbelha HcnOA KOTe ABopHWTa; Y rapa)l(aMa, Y KOTIIapHI1UaMa 11 Y 3aTBO-
peHHM ABOpHWTHMa H CBeTIIapHHUHMa.
-I
48. H3paAa nnaHOBa
npeMa nocTojel1eM-npaBHmII1KY, nii aH l<aHaIlH3aUl1je Mopa 5HTl1 H3paljeR
Y pa3MepH 1 : 100, a H3y3eTHo 3a Bel1e 05jekTe ce Y3eTH pa3Mepa 1 :200,
n iiaH Mopa CaAp)KaTH oApeljeHe UpTe)l(e H3 ce jacHo CBW nOAaUI1
nOTpe61-111 3a H3Bol)elbe l(aHaIlH3auI1je, no TOM niiaHY. Ha CBal(OM UpTe}J(Y
Mopa ce 031-1 a41H11: UpTe}Ka, pa3Mepa, Ha3HB H 6poj
YIIHue, npl1n a AHocT HIIH Ha3HB HHBecTHTopa, lberOB
nOTnl1C H nOTnHC npojeKTaHTa.
oj 03HoKe Y nlloHY
noj eAHHa ce MeeTa caHlnapHHx 05jeKaTa AenOBH yup-
rBBBjy y llJiaHOBe npeMB CII. 198.
SpcTa Al aTepMj 2I1a, l<ahO 3a UeBI1 Tal\O fI 3B 06jeln e, 03HBtlaBa ce y"
niiaHOBMMB o,urOBapajyhoM 50joA! H TO:
I\aMeHaCTe ueBJoI MPKo-upBeHOM 60jOM,
06j el{TH OJ( H KaMeHMHa MPKo-upBeHOAl 50jOM,
168
HnoaeT
IIDooap
YMnDaOnm(
Brrne
[Cj]
OOJl'IUa H3]J;a

+ +'

CY)l.onep
CnD'ODUI( U OJIy'llbaIC
U
',
.
. ,
P CIDCTH;l Y Dony
RyXlIlbcua q:eCMa
C1IIII<a 198 - 03HaHc y nnaHY
rB0311.elle nHBeHe H 06jel(TH 011. m1BeHor rao)l<lja
60jOM,
!-leBH 011. onOBa 3aTBopeHO )l{YTOM 60jOM,
ueBl1 011. CI1BOM 60jOM,
nOCTojetm lI.enOBH FaHam13auI1je UPHOM 60jOM,
lI.enOBI1 1(0jH ce pywe OTBopeHO n<yTOM 60jOM.
3eneHa je 60ja peSepBI1CaHa 3a 113MeHe, "oje Ha npojel\Ty y'll1HH rpa-

16!}
6) 113paoa OCHoea
0)1. upTe)l(a Tpe6a M3pa)1. MTM CBe OCHOBe pe)1.0M !TOtIeB 0)1. HajBMwer
'CnpaTa na )1.0 OCHOBe cYTepeHa HnM nOJ(pYMa. 3a 3rpa)1.e MO)Ke ce
HaupTaTH OCHOBa uenor 06jeKTa, am1 3a Belie 06jel(Te MO)I(e ce MCllpTaTM caMO
oHaj )1.eo 3rpa)1.e, y I<OMe HMa O)1. eJbefua ca 06jel<TMMa 3a .1(aHanMcafue .
Y OCH08aAW cnpamoea Mopa ce OSHatI MTH nona)Kaj pa3HI1X npM60pa
1(3)1.3, tIeCaMa WfA.) H yonwTe CBa OHa MeCTa M3 I(OjHX lie
.0)1.na3HTH npJbaBa BO)1.a. JOW ce oupTaBai.y CBH H (pa30HCI<M
fuHXOBa BenHtIHHa npelJHMI(a ca Ha3HalJefueM MaTepMjana ueBM: nonO)l(aj rJlaBHe
,BepTHl<ane, fueHy )1.HMeH3Hjv H 6poj y nnaHy. .
Y HajHH)l(oj OCHOBH yupTaBajy ce HYMepMcaHa MeCTa rAe ce cnywTajy
.noje)1.MHe Bepnfl(ane, uenOl(ynmte xopM30HTanHa Mpe)l<a, I<oja nOBe3yje BepTM-
I(ane 0)1. Hajy)1.aJbelHlje Ta'll(e y Mpe)l(H na )1.0 Be3e ca ynMlloM ca CBMMa
,orpaHUHMa;
AHMeH3Hje O)1.BO)1.HHX ueBI1 1<0)1. CBaKe npoMeHe npelJHHKa;
HarM6e KaHana;
CBe peBM31.IOHe )1.enOBe M CnHBHMl(e M
oQ6jel(Te YI<omll(O HX HMa y nO)1.pyMY;
MeCTO npHI<JbytIl(a l(yhHor l(aHana ca ym1tIHMM ca KOTJolpaHHM OTCTO-
jalbeM 0)1. rpaHHue nnaua;
MeCTO rAe yna3H rpa)1.cl(a BO)1. oBO)1.Ha ueB y 3rpa)1.y .
8) nOOY:J/CHI.I npecelJl.I
Pa38L jerll.l nooY:J/Cl-ll.I npecelJl.I npOBO)1. e ce y npaBUY rnaBHHX XOPM30H-
'TanHHX M BepTMI(am-ll1X KaHana nOlJeB 0)1. Hajy)1. aJbeHMje Ta'll(e na )1.0 ynMtIHOr
l(aHana, 1<ao M 3a CBe Kpahe (jJeI<anHe orpaH He.
3a OHe lleBM I(oje cnpOBO)1. e 0611lJHe CnnalJHHe HMje 062, Be3HO nOBnalJHTH
npecel<, anM je npenopYLJJbMBO npecel(e 3a CBe KaHane 6e3 06s11pa
..na nH cnpoBoAe (jJeJ(anHe HnH BOAe. OBO je nOTpe6Ho paAH Ta4HHjer
M3Bol)elba Mpe)l(e H paAM A06Mjafua nOTnYHHjMx nOAaTal<a 3a npe)1.paljYH J1
.cneu'HpHI(auMjy MaTepHjana. Y BepTMI(anHOM cMI1cny npecel( ce Mopa npoTe-
3aTI1 CBe AO BeHTMnaUHOHe rnaBe M3HaA
Y npeceUHMa Ce Mopa 03H<ltIMTH: Ben l1ljtl Ha n p eceI<a Ka Hana,
H a rM 6 MOT M U a fu a, c Be H a A MOp C I< e B M C H H C I( e I( 0 T,e, I( 0 T e
TepeHa H CBMX naToca cnpaTo' Ba, I(OTa AHa l(aHana Ha
'CBMMa l(apal<TepMCTMlJl-II1M MeCTMMa Tj. Ha CBMMa npenOMMMa: 6Mno npaBua,
6Mno HarM6a M Ha MeCTI1Ma jeAHor 1(l:\Hana Y Apym.
Y npeceUMMa ce yupTaBa jow H nonO)l(aj CBHX p e B H 3 M 0 H M X C J1-
n a 3 a, T< a c I( a A a M n pM I( Jb Y tI I( a Hay 11 H lj H 11 I( a Han. BHCHHCl<e
"OTe H HarHfiM OHHX KaHana 3a I{oje HHCY pal)eHH npeceUH. YHoce ce'
y oeHOBe.
CBe ce BHCI1HcJ(e 1(OTe O)1.HOCe Ha jeAaH CTanaH XopH30HaT, 1(OjH ce
Y311Ma npeMa MeCHHM npHnl1l<aMa . BI1CI1HCl<e I(OTe Mopajy 03HalJaBaTI1 anco-
JlYTHe HaAMOpCI(e BI1CI1He.
J;jcnoA CBaKor npeceI<a H3pa)1.H ce weMa y KOjy ce ynl'lcyjy nOTpe6HH
nOAaUH Ha opAHHaTe CBaKe 1<apal(TepI1CTl1
l
IHe Ta'l1<e peAOM 03ro Ha
HH)l(e H TO:
I. KOTa TepeHa Hnl1 naToca Ha TOM MecTY.
2. KOTa AHa KaHanii H oTcTojafua (anUl1ce) nojeAHHI'IX Ta4aKa H
3. Yl(ynHa )1.Y)I(I1Ha l(aHana.
170
CBI1 nOnaUl1 I<oje Tpe6a YHeTI1 y weMy Befi nocToje Y"lfCaHH Y
1<ao: I<OTa TepeHa naToca, oTcTojatba. Jenl1HO WTO Tpe6a oApe.ztHTH
KOTe nHa KaHana Ha CBHMa l(apaKTepHCTI1'1HRM T4-
<J I( a .. OBO ce onpeljyje pa
t
IYHCI(I1M nYTeM I<ojw je BPJlO jenHoCTaBlm.
On JenHe n03HaTe 1<0Te nHa KaHana H3pa4YHaBa ce KOTa y cJle.f{efioj.
Ta
t
ll.\l1 nOMofiy BI1CI1HCKe pa3mn(e 113Meljy IbI1X, 1<oja ce n0611ja MHomelbeM
..nY)J(I1He ca AanlM Ham60M y
Ha CJlI1I.\H 199 n03HaTa je KOTa AHa J(aHana y Ta4UI1 (1) 100,00 TpamH
ce 1<OTa AHa l(aHana y Ta
t
ll.\l1 (2) !(oja je Ha oTcTojalbY 6,00 M. on Ta'lKe (1)
npl1 Han-l6y l<aHana on 3% (0,03).
Jl.a 611 CMO 113pa4YH
a
nl1 OBY KOTy, Tpe- I 9&"- I ...... _
6a npBo Bl1nenl 3a I(OJlHl(O he l(aHan __ __ ____ _
611TI1 HH)I( 11 Y Ta41.\ H (2) npH naTHM . @
. 6,00 X 3 0 8 A I
nOnal.\l1Ma, TJ. --- = ,1 M. KO 6,...
100
{)n npeTXonHe I(OTe OBY BH- ,
CI1HCI(Y pa3nl1KY no6MheMo 100,00 - CnllKa 199 - PaqYH DliCIfHCK"X KOTa
-0,18 = 98,82.
06paTHa je pa4YHcl<a panlba al(O je n03HaTa iq.j)f<a Taql(O (2) 98,82
{)Hna lie cnenelia Bl1wa 1<OTa 611TI1 98,82 + 0,18 = 100,00.
HajBa)I(HHje je . npH OBOMe pa4yHy Onpel\I1TI1 KOTe l<aHana y nona3HlIM
Ta41(aMa. To cy npe CBera MeCTa rne llepTI1I<ana npena3w y XOpl1301iTany
o()nal(ne ce H n0411lbe ca pa4YHalbeM .
.upyro je MeCTO 1<0Ta cnopenHor OrpaHl(a 11 CBe KOTe on I1cnYCTa noje-
JlI1HI1X oGjel(aTa y nony.
Kon MeCTa !3epTfII(ane on n03HaTe KOTe naToca nonpyMa rne npecTaje
flepTI1I(ana a n0411lbe XOp1130ATana, onY3Me ce on Te KOTe 30 CM. 3a BI1CI1HY
nYI(a w Tal<O ce n05Hje nona3Ha KOTa nHa l(aHana.
3a peweTI<y y nepl10HI11.\I1 TpeGa OnY3eTH 6 CM. on l(OTe naToca nonpYMa.
31 fajrep-oB nOlJeTHa KOTa l<aHana 61-1lie 1,35 M. HH)J(e OA
TepeHa; .
3a on Y41-bal(e 0,.60 AI. H H)J(a ;
3a cl(ynJba4 MaCTH y nony 0,50 M. HH)!(e.
z) Cumyaquja
Cumyaquo/'lu nAtll{ rpanl1nl1WTa y pa3Mepw 1 : 500 wnw 1 : 1000 HajMa}be.
Y oBaj nnaH Tpe6a 03Ha4Hm Ta4aH 06nHl{ 11 nOJlo)J(aj nJlaua KaKO "peMa
ynMUH TaKO H npeMa rpaHH'IapHMa. 3aTl-lM nOnO)Kaj 3rpaAe H peryJlauwoHy
JIIIHHjy. Ha3118 YJIIll.\e H CBI1X rpaHHlJ8pa. nono)J(aj maBHor KyliHor KaHaJla
no YJllilJHOr npl.II<JbYlJl(a, CBY cnOJbawHy nBopHWHY Mpemy ca CBMMa cnOJb-
HHM 06jeI<TI1Ma.
0) npUAtepU IcoHcmpyKquje KaHaAu3aquoHe .AfpeJICe
npoj eJ(TOBalbe l<yliHe l{aHanH3al.\11je H3HCI<yje BenHI(O I1cI<yeTBO 11 onpe-
3HOCT npl.1 pany . .uOCTa cy peTI(I'1 nalul 11 npOCTI1 cnY4ajeBM I(on l(OjHX ce
6p30 nona3H 1\0 pewelba, Beli ce HanpOTHB J(on Bet1HHe cnyqajeBa Mopa n06po
npOMI1CnMTI1 a nOHel<e cl1Tyal.\Mje npeTCTaBJbajy npaBM np06neM. OBO npOM-
3Mna3Jo1 113 pa3HJoIX Y3pOI(a.
npe CBera npOJoiCTlI4e 113 onWTe nHcn0311llMje 3rpane M pacnopena npo-
CToplija Ii nOTpe6a npeMa BpCTI1 3rpane. HajlJewfie nal( nOJla3Jo1 ycnen Hepa-
171
Ull0HanHor npojeI<Ta 3rpal\e. Pe.1\OBHa je noj aBa, Aa npH nnaHOBa
3rpaAe, npojel, TaHT. He BOAII palJYHa Q MoryliHocTH npoBoljCI-ba KaH3nl13allHje,
fillno l{a cc npeBapll Y HeCIIMeTpWIHOCTI1 nojeAI1HI'IX cnpaTOB8, (HapOlII1TO al(O
cy Y HH)KlIM CnpilTOBI1Ma cane), 611J10 I\a cy caHiHaplHi oojeKTll pa30aua
ll
ii
TakO, ,!(a ce 3rO.l\HO Ha je.1\ HY BepTIJI (any.
HajBelie Tewf{ olie npH OBOMe 3anaje ropJ-ba pa3BO/lIIa MpC)I(a y cnpaTO-
BI1Ma 3001' apMllp:lHoOeTDHCKI1X I(OHCl py,(lll1j a, I(oje 'HlHe BeJlI1J<Y npenpCI(Y
npl1 peWaBaJ-bY KyliHe Mpe)l(e, jep ce lllTeTI1TH, Beft ce Mopajy OOH-
Jla3liTl1. I{OA TOra Tpeoa pa3nr1f{OlJaHI nBa cnYll aja:
I) - Al(o ' cy 06j el(HI TaKO Aa ee Hana3e y npBoj nHHujH
ca BepTI1I(aJlOM a y np3BUy pe6apa CI1TBo-pe6paCTe ROH-
Cl'pyt< ul1je. TaAa je nal(O npOBecnl XOpH30HTaJlHI1 orpaHal(.1\O BepTHl<aJle y .
Mel)ynpocTopy H3Meljy ABa pe6pa.
2) - AKO ey oOjel (TI1 pacnopeljeHI1 y .1\Ba pa3Ha npaBl\a TaKo, Aa cy
nOTpeOHa ABa Orp3HI(a on FOjl1X jeA3H 3 nOHel(3A 063ABa HAY 1<OCO HnH
ynpaBo Ha pe6pa 6eTOHCI(C J<OHCl'pYKI.\Hje. 3a Tal(aB nono)l(aj nOCTojc ABe
MoryhHOCnJ 11 TO:
npBa je MoryliHocT y TOMe, .1\a ce cnpaTHH orpaHaK nonO)l(H npcl<O
apMllpaHo-6eTOHCl(e nnolle y fieTOHCl<oj nOAn03H 3a MaClfBHH no.1\ y Tal<BHM
npoCTopHjaMa . nnoqa ce OfiJllJHO CTaBJba 3a 13 CM. HH)I(e OA KOTe nO.1\a ,
I(OnI1KO je nOTpe6HO 3a CMelllT3J-be ApBeHor nOAa y OCTaJlHM npocTopHjaMa.
,lJ.pyra je Aa ce OABO.1\HH orpaHaK npoBeAe HenO.1\ I(OHCTPY-
1(I.\Hje, OI(aqeH Ha rso3AeHe yaeHrHje.
3601' pf)I(HOr HsrnCAa y AOJ-beM HH)I(eM cnpaTy 06H'IHO ce ueB 3al(JlOHI1
nOMoliy pa6HI.\a HJlH ee jOlll jeAHoeTaBHHje y THM nOMohHHM npocTopHjaMa
(t<Jl03eT, l(ynaTl1no 11 .1\p.) enyeTI1 I.\eo nnaljloH HcnoA I1Bl1ue l.\eBH TaI<O,
Aa ee Bl1el1Ha TI1X OAeJbeJ-ba CM8J-b11 3a 25-30 CM.
Tpe6a H8noMeHYTI1, Aa ee npBa MoryhHocT nonaral-ba XOpl130HTanHI1x
OrpaHah"a npe,' o nJlolJe, MO}Ke 1(OPHCTHTH eaMO aKO ce I-bI1Ma oABoAe 0611'1He
ynoTpe6JbeHe BOAe OA npaJ-ba 11 l(ynal-ba ca npeQHI1I(OM OA 50 MM. a HajBl1llle
70 MM, MeljyTI1M ueBH 3a ljlel(aJlHe BOAe Tpe6a Aa cy OA e 100 MM., Te 611
no pel( .1\ pyrl1x He3rO.1\a y cmlpal-bY, 3aXTeBaJle Behy Ae6JbHHY nO,l\JlOre y
I(OjO j 6H ce nOnO)KI1J1a Tal(Ba .1\e6Jba ueB.
OBal(aB Halll1H je nOrO.1\aH aK'o je MeljycnpaTIJa I(OHCTpyl(l.\l1ja 0.1\ MaCI1BHe
nno'le, Te ce oAMax H36eTOHHpanl HH)Ke oon OCTa-"
JlI1X nnO'l a 3a OHOJlHI'O, je nOTpe6HO 3a cMelllTaj ueBI1 y nOTpe6HOM
HarHfiy. Ha oBaj ce Ha'lHH 1136eraBajy CI(ynH paAOBI1 0"0 pafia[{Hpal-ba.
HajTe>l(e je npOBeCTH l(aHaJ1J13aUHOHY Mpe>Ky y 3paAaMa y Kojl1Ma je
npHMel-beHa JiOHCTPYI(Ul1ja apMHpaHo.6eTOHCI(Or fiOHApYI-a 3fior CHCTeMa rpaAa
H cTyfioBa. npojel<TaHT H CTaTHlIap Tpefia Aa BOAe pa'lyHa 0 TOMe, Aa Ha
MeCTI1Ma rne he" npona:mTH BepTI1I(ana jOlll npl1nl1KOM fieToHHpatba OCTaBe
nOTpe6He oTBope y rpe.1\aMa 3a npOJla3 uellH Hnl1 jOlll fioJbe, Aa Ha TaHBI1M.
MeCTI1Ma tie fiyA ; jeAHa MaCJ1 3Ha rpeAa no CTaTHlIl(OM npOpa'lyHy, Beft .1\Be,
HCTe HOCI1BOCTi1 Ha pa3Mal(Y TOnI1KOM, na I.\ea MO)l(e .1\a npolje.
CnI1'1afl je cnyllaj KOA 1l0l-be pa3BoARe Mpe)l(e aJ<o cy CTone TeMeJba 0,/\
apMl1paHOr 6eTOHa ca npOWl1pel-bI1Ma. BepTHKana Ha TI1M MeCTHMa
Mopa I1nH Aa OOHna311 cTony 1'<.0 Ha en. 74 Hnll Aa ce jOlll npH fieToHII-
pal-by CTone OCTaBI1 y npaBUy BepTll haJl e nOTpefiaH OTBOp 3a npOJl a3 I.\CBI1.
HajnoBOJbHlljc je peweJ-be al{ O ce CTona AP)J(11 HIJ)KC 0.1\ nOAa nOApYJlla
3a 25-30 CM. TaKO, Aa cc BepTllKaJla JIIO)Ke oKpeHyTI1 y XOp1130HTany, H3Ha,/\
CTone I(P03 06H'IaH 311.1\ OA onel(e. BIIAI1 cn. 73.
172
Ha. en. 200 - 204 npl'lJ<aaaHH cy l<apal(TepHC'I1f1.IHH c.nyqajesJt
CTpYKlIHJe H. npoBoijeFba J(aHanHaallHOHe Mpe)l(e H fbHXOBa MOFyha p ~
. Tal(o Je H3 cn. 200 ,uaT npl1Mep rpynHHX' l(nOaeTa y CyTepeRy y3
Je,uaH peCTopaH. TewKolla OBor qBOpa cacTojana ce y TOAle, UlTO je :rpe6a.no
nOBeaaTH qeTHpH J<n03eTa, a Ha CBHMa npenoMHMa Hana,u peBH3HoHHX Aenoaa,
nOCTaaHTH peBHaHone CHnaae . DOBe3HBafbe CB qeTHpH KnOSeTa no jeAHoj
CnllKa 200
npaBoj nl1HHjH ~ J n o 6H Hajje,uHOCTaBlulje pewefbe anH ce TOt.Je pewefbY
cynpOTCTaBJba HeMoryllHocT, ,ua ce HcnoA caMHX l(n03eTCI<HX WOJba, nOCTaBe
peBH3110HH Cl'lna3H CXO,uHO nponHCl1
M
a.
CTora je 1\aTO je1\HO ynpowlleno pewefbe a nomYHO sa,uoBOJbaBajylle H
e<pl1KacHO sa OAp)l(aBal-be Mpe)l,e. l1wJlo je ce o,u l(pajfbHx KnoseTa ca ,uBa
cl1MeTpHlJHa I(pal(a nOA yrnoM o,u 45, KOjH ce CHI'Iy H3BaH KnoseTCKor
npocTopa y jeAaH lIeHTpanfiH CHna3 ( \) TaKo, 1\a je nOJ<JlOnall npHcTynalJaH
y npeAnpocTopy. ,Il.Be yHyTpawfbe l(n03eTCI, e WOJbe ce Be3yj y orpalllll'IMa Ha
CnOJbaWfbe J(pal(e, ca l(ojHMa 3axBaTajy Ta!;oije yrao OA 45. CnojHe pa'lBe ,
Ha OBHhI MeCTI1Ma ' He Mopajy y OBOM CJlY'Jajy 6111'H peBH3HOHe, jep ce Kanan
17 3
/7P<ZCflP fl - fl .
_.L
kYr?
(

:1-%"
6
dCl../08.Q
col
Cnlll(a 201
MO)I(C nal( O I<OHTpOmtCanl y npaBoj nMHHjl1 OA CI1na3a (I) AO CHna3a (II M
III) Tal<olj e 113Ba H I<n03eTCI, Or npOCTOpa, y XOAHHl<y 11 no nOTpe611 OArYlllH-
BaTM M npOllI1CnITM.
174
emma 20'\ npm(a3yje je)laH CJ10)l(eH cnper y cnpaTy Oil )lBe KynaTHnCKe
rpyne Be3aHe Ha jeAHy Bepnll(aJlY. BO)leiHI palJYHa 0 apMlfpaHO-6eTOHCKO
L
' @
CJHIJ<a 202 .
CIfTHo-peopacToj I(OHCTPYI(.Ulfjlf H npaBUy peoapa, Be3a je npOBe)leHa nOMohy
)lBe rpyne orpaHal( a, l(OjH ce oABojeHo YJlIfBajy y )lBe patlDe Ha BepTIfKaJlIf.
Cmma 203
rOplba )lBOcTpy]{a palJBa CI1MeTplf
t
IHO rrpHMa 1f3JlHBe c a ~ \ Oil ](a)la H
yMHBaOHH]{a a pa3BO)lHIf orpaHUI1 cy nOJlO)l(eHI1 'npel<O 6eTOHCI<e nJlOlJe y ABa
rrpaBua: je)laH I(a YMIfBaOHHI( Y a )lpyrH I(a l(a)l 11.
\-I, C.
1
/1 p . /t7t7 _
/1. .7t7 0 <;Ift7
CJII!I(a 204
1t7t7
o
/1. of} 0 I()()
.L1 n. P. 1t7t? j/a> rOPhJ,q
/1/< p. /t?t7 / /t7(J ,Ll0M'7
/ (JO 0
t;l1t7f)
pat] 0/1t7t7
/7. 90 0 tJ
Ha cn. 202 AaTa je Be3a 3a rpyny OA 4 Iw03eTa, 2 nI1COapa H 2 YMH-
BaOHHKa y cnpaTY, cl1MeTpHlIHo a Moryl'iHoCT Be3e je caMO Ha
je.!\HY aepTHKany (8).
nOWTO peopacTa l(OHCTPYI<L(Hja HJI.e ynpaBHo Ha Kn03eTC;(H orpaHaK,
TO ce OH Mopa BOJI. 11T11 HCnOJI. l' OHCTpYKI.\Hje nOMol1y ABOCTPYKHX KOCHX pallBH
176
H nYKOBa O.Q 90
0
11 cnojl1Tl1 Ha .QOfbY pallBy ca BepnlKanOM. OrpaHUH OA
11 nl1coapa BOne ce npeKO MOlle y nO.QJIosl1 H cnajajy ee npe1<O
.QBOCl'pYKe paqBe Ha BepTHl(any.
Ha cn. 203 .QaT je cnyl.Jaj rpynHHx I<nOSeTa H mlcoapa a Moryt;HoCT
Be3e je caMO Ha je.QHY Bepnll( any (B). npaBal\ pe6apa KOHCTPYI(UHje je
ynpaBaH Ha HI1S l(nOSeTa. npeMa TOMe Be3a Mopa HI'HI Hcno.Q I(OHCTpYl(uHje
Ha nOfbY nBOCTpYI(y palmy, Ha KOjy j e BesaH Tal(ot)e H nHeOapCI(11 orpaHaK.
OH ee BOnl1 yrnaBHoM npeKO nn04e y nonnosl1 a Tel( npl1 ywhy y .QOfbY
pal.Jlly, 11cnpen penYI(UHoHor nYI(a 0)1, 60, npenasH Ha .QOfbY 1,0ry Be3e
nOMohy nYI<a O.Q_ 60.
OrpaHaK 3a YMI1BaoHHI( Bot)eH T,aI<ot)e npel(O nn04e y nO.QJIoSI1, Besyje
ce y sace6Hy ropfbY pal.JBy Ha BepTHKanH (B).
Cn. 204 npl11(asyje TaKOlj e rpyny on 4 I<JIOSeTa, f YMHBaoHHKa H, 1 npa-
omma y cnpaTy y I1CTOM nopeTJ<y caMO ca MoryhHowhy Bese Ha )1,Be BepTI1-
I(ane (1 11 2), a TO no nBa I<nOSeTa Ha CBal(y.
OBal(Ba je .QHcnOSHl\I1ja Haj60Jba, jep He nOCTojH He3rO.Qa na ce ycnen
sarywefba I<pajfber I<n03eTa no BepTI1Kane (I(ao Ha cn. 203) 6y.Qy Heyno-
Tpe6JbHBI1 11 OCTanH. Pe6pa Met)ycnpaTHe I{OHCTpYKl\Hje Hny napanenHo ca.
nonO)l(ajeM l{nOSeTa, Te je MoryhHo CMeWTafbe CBHX oTpaHal{a y Meljynpo-
CTOPY O.Q SI1)1,a .QO npBor pe6pa.
Be3<1 KO)1, BepTI1Kane (I) je jenHocTaBHa .QBOcTpYI{e pa4Be.
MeljYTI1M Besa KOP. BepTI1I(ane (2) je CnO>KeHHja, ynpaBo ce MO>l<e ' H3BeCTI1
caMO nOMohy .!lBe pal.JBe je)1,He Hcno)1, npyre. loplf>a npocTa Koca pa4Ba
npl1A\a orpaHaK O.Q npaOHHI(a H ytll1BaOHI1Ka a .QOfba .QBocTpYKa orpaHaKe on
.QBa I(n oaeTa.
Vl3 ropfbHX ce npHMepa KaI<O 3a jenHY HCTy .QHcnOSHl\Hjy 06jel(aT?,
nonoje pasHa peUlefba H MoryhHocTI1 Besa y saBHcHocTH O.Q: npaBal\a pe6apa
J(OHCTPYL{l\Hje, O.Q pacnope.Qa 06jel(aTa H on 6poja BepTHKana, Koje ce Mory
\npoBo)1,HTI1 06Sl1pOM Ha onUlTH pacnopen rOPfbHx H .QOfbHX npoCTopHja.
AI(O cc npojcl(Tal;\TH srpaAa npHIIPl!<aBajy roplbHX cyrCCTHja H HMajy yael( Ha yMy
nOMeHYTe OI<OflIIOCTH, H36ehnhe ce y MHorOMe Tewl(ohe y npojel<ToaalbY H l(aHa-
ynpoCTHfie ce PM y3 3HaTHO nojeBTHlbelbC nOCJlooa
49. npHMep npojel{Ta l{aHaJIHSauHje
Ha I(pajy OBor nOrJIaBJba pa)1,H jaCHl1jer ynosHaBafba nocTynl{a npH
I1spa.QH nnaHOBa I{aHanHSal\Hje, .QaT je Ha ManH I npHMep sa je.QHy npH-
seMHY cTaH6eHY srpany. .
Y srjJanH nocToje TpH rpyne 06jeKaTa: KynaTHJto, KyjHa H W. C. Koje
Tpe6a l{aHanHcaTH. nOUlTO je pacTojafbe HSMe1jy fbHX yseTo TonHKO na ce He
Mory rpynHcaTH no nBa Ha je.QHy saje.QHH'my BepTffi{any, TO ey npHMepa
panl1 npojeKToBaHe Tjm noee6He BepTHK'lIne. OHe ey y nnaHOBHMa OCHOBa
OSHa'leHe apanCKI1M 6pojeBHMa I, 2, 3.
Y nonpYMy je nepHOHHl\a ea ABa 06jeKTa sa KaHanHeafbe: l.JeeMOM H
peUleTI{OM y nony.
C 06nHpOM .Qa ee Heno.Q npoeTopHja, Koje ee l(aHanHUlY, HanasH nonpyM,
TO ' je rnaBHa XOpHsOHTamra Mpe>Ka npOBYl.JeHa KpOS nonpyMcKH npOCTOp,
nOUlTO ey CBli !heHH Ba>KHHjH nenOBH Ha Taj Ha'lHH npHeTynaqHH. TaKo ee
.l(06Hna Bpno KpaTl(a H npOCTa Mpe>l(a.
rnaBHH npeceI{ I{P03 l{aHan npoByqeH je O.Q HajYAaJbeHHje Ta'lICe (I)
na ynHI.JHor KaHana (Y).
12 Kyhlla
177
npH I(OHC'fpYHCal-bY npecel\ 11 H3paAH UleMe 3a ynHcHBal-be
BI':CHHCI(HX I(OTa, HajBa)/(HHje j e OApeAHTJ.l KO'Ty AHa l(aHaJla y nOJla3HOj
Ta'IUI'1 (\). \{OTa naToca nOApyMa je 96,36. AKO OA Te HOTe oAy3MeMo
30 CM. 3a BI'ICHHY JlYKa H joUl \0 CM. BHUle TaHO Aa KaHaJl npol)e )l CnOJ{
CTone npBor 3HAa y TallUH (6), oHAa he I(OTa AHa KaHaJla Ha nOlJeTl<y npe-
cel\a 6HTH: 96 ,36 -0,40 = 95,96.
OBy nOJl 33HY I(OTy ynl1U1eMo y py6PHJ(Y 11K 0 TeA H 3 J< a Han .. " y
UleMH HcnOA npecel(a. OA 1'(; Ta41(e he nOlJeTH H oTcTojal-be 0,00.
nOUlTO HaM je nOAaTal(a J:103HaTa I<OTa I\Ha ymllJHOr KaHana ]lOA
npl11l Jby4He paliBe 93,96 Tj . 3,50 M. HH)f,e on Ko.e YJlHue, a J{Ha caMe
palJBe je \0 CM. BllU1Jba T. j. 94,06, TO BHCHHCI(a pa3m!l(a H3Mel)y H
nOJl a3He (1) H3HOCH: 95,96 94,06 = 1,90 M. .
AKO OBY BHCHHCI<Y paamll<y nOJ{emiMO ca Yl' ynHHM OTCTOjal-beM AO
yKHIJe 01\ 23,90 M. HarH6 OJ{ 0,079 M. naJ<ne BHUle on 8% UlTO
H3J1a3H 113 HOpMH 3a .Q03BOJbeHe Ham6e y Hyhl1. npeMa TOMe j acHo je Aa
ce Mopa npel\BI1AeTl1 J(acl(ana 11 y TOM cJly'lajy HCKOPHCTHTI1 HajnoBOJbIHljl1
HarH6 y uenoj AYiJ(I1HI1 Mpe)t(e 01\ 3%.
Ha. ocHoBY Tora npBy AOl-bY HapenHY 1<0Ty KaH2J1 a y KapaKTepHcTJ:4Hoj
1'a4UH (A) n06HheMo, aJ(o oTcToj al-be 01\ 2,85 113Mel)y Ta41 e (1) 11 (A) nOMHO-
)I(HMO ca 3% H nOAeJJI1MO ca 100 UlTO 113HOCI1 0,085 H Ty pa3J1 I1I(Y onY3MeMo.
OA npe1'XOAHe nOlJeTHe 1<0Te l(aHaJla 95,96 - 0,085 = 95,875 Ao611heMo Il OTY
l(aHaJla y Ta4UI1 (A) .
TaKo ce 11 J{aJbe 06patJYHaBa CBe J{O MeCTa l(aCJ(aAe y cHJl a3Y (I I). Ha
TOM MeCTY KOTa J<aHana C ropl-be CTpaHe 113HOCH 95,566 11 ynHcyje ce ca
neCHe CTpaHe (I I) .
,lJ.a 611 ce n0611J1a nOl-ba KOTa Kal1aJla Y l(aCl(aJ{11 11 caMa BHCI1Ha KaCKall.e,
I1ne ce 06paTHHM npaBucM.
Can ce Oil. I(OTe YJlHllHe pa4Be l1,Ue ca 3% HaBI1U1e J<a cl1J1asy (I J) na
ce paSJJFIKa on 0,141 113Mel)y T3lJl(e (Y) 11 (I I) AOII.a Ha J<OTY YJlI14He pa4Be
94,06 + 0,141 = 94,20 1 11 ynl1U1e ca JleBe cTpaHe op,UHHaTe II. .
AKO OBY I<OTY OA ropl-be, A0611heMoBI1cll HY KC:Cl(a'ue 95,556-
- 94,201 = 1,365 M.
,lJ.pyrl1 npeceJ< y Ta4UH (I) no Ta'we (2) J(OHcTpYI1U1e ce Ha I1C1'I1 HZ,4 I1H.
n onasl1 ce on nOSHaTHX nOAaTaKa y Ta4Ul1 (I) 0,U HOTe 95 ,786 na ce Aona
Harl16 0,U 0, 111 11 n0611je ce I( OTa y Ta4Ul1 (2) 95 ,786+0, 111 = 95,897 .
50. BeJlH!(e ABopHUlHe MpC)f(e
aJ OnUlLUa HanO.AleHa. CBe UlTO je AO caAa pe'leHO no f111Tal-bY o,UBo,Ua
oTnaAHHX Bona OAHOCl1no ce Ha l(aHaJlHCal-be caMO jeAHe srpaAe, tJHjH ce
H3nHB YBonH AHpeKTHO y rpaAcKH l(aHaJl HJlI1 Y HY)f(HH4KY j aMY Ha C MOM
nnauy.
AI, O je y nH1'al-bY HaHaJlHCal-be Beher 6poja srpaJ{a , 411T2B jenaH I\ OM-
nJleFC srpaAa Ha jeAHoM onUlTeM rpanl1J1HUlTY Hao UlTO je cJlY4aj I(On 60 JI -
Hllua, l<aCap HI1, Jle4I1J1HUlTa, <\la6pHHa 1'1 T. cn . oHAa HacTajy
np06J1eMH , I(OjH HSJla3e H3BaH OI<BHpa l<ytHe 11 npenasc
YCTBapl1 y np06ncM CnOJbaUlHe 11JJI1 ynl1'1He l<aHaJlI1SauHje. PasnHKa je caMO
y TOMe uno y OBOM CJJy4ajy YJlHue cnY)l(e 3a jaBHI1 ca06pataj, Be\; sa
yHyTpaUll-by KOMYH111(aUI1.1Y HSMel)y nOjeAHHI1X 3rpana.
np06neM ce y peUlaBal-bY ABa rJl aBH3 eneMeHTa. npBI1 je cne-
MeHaT paU
I1
?HaJlHO nOBna4el-be rnaBHe ABopHUlHe Mpe)l(e, a Apyrl1 je eJle-
MCHaT OApel)HBal-be BenH411He nOJe)J.HRI1X l<aHaJla 11 lleJlc ABOpl1 U1He AljCe)Ke.
178
Y CJ1Y'lajy I(ylme l(aHaJ1H3aI.\Hje ChlO Aa nocToje MHOrH npOnHCH
o npojel(TOBal-bY, H3BOljel-bY H H360py HOpMHpaHI1X BeJ1H'lHHa npellHHKa ueBR,
TaKO Ila HHje nOTpe6aH \-lapOtlHTH n)'Opa'lyH ueBH, (OCHM aKO HHje y nHTalbY
arpalla BeJ1l11( HX pa3Mepa 11 npOCTpaHCTBa) Beh Ta'lHO
Ha KOM ce MecTy CMe Mopa ynoTpe6wm OllroBapajyhH npe'lHHK l.\eBH. TaKO
Hnp. npomlc Ila npe'lH111( rnaBHor l( yhHor KaHana He
CMe 6HTH M3I-bl1 Oil 150 MM. na Mal(ap 6HO y nl1Tal-bY 11 HajMal-b11
BI1HCKI1 06jeKaT.
npeMa TOMe BeJ1H'lHHa npe'lHHKa 3a Beliy IlBOPHWHY Mpe)KY Mopa ce
!(peTaTH Oil 150 MM. na HaBHwe. (200, 250, 300 H 400 MM.) CaMO 3a oBaj
He nocToje nponHCH KOjH 6H Ha OCHOBY eMnHpH'lKHX nOllaTal<a ollpe-
ijHBaJ111 Beml'lHHY npe'lHHKa KaHana, Beli ce 110 Tora Mopa 1l0hH pallYHCKHM
nyTeM.
6) llJeMa 080PUlUiU Alpe:>lCe
Tpaca IlBopHwHe Mpe}!(e Mopa 6HTl1 Tal(O nOBY'leHa, Ila 6Ylle WTO Kpalia
Y OIlHOCY Ha cl1Tyaul1jy 3eMJbHWTa H pacnopell 3rpalla, a Ila Y HCTO BpeMe
6Ylle TeXHHtll<H jellHocTaBHa H naKa 3a Ollp)l(aBal-be.
Fla CJ1 . 205 llaTa je weMaIlBOpI1WHeMpe)l(e.Vl3 Te ce weMe BHIlH )l3
je rJ1aBHa TeHlleHuHja y nOBJ1a'lel-bY rt!HepanHe Tpace, Ila ce KaHanH nOCTaBe
Ila jeAaH 1(3I-laJ1 MO)I(e CJ1y-
)I( flnl 3a Be3y Oil IlBa peAa 3rpalla.
Haj60JbH je n0J10)l(aj l(aHana
al( O Hile y npaBUy OCOBHHe K9J10B03a.
Y CJ1 Y'l ajy Hal(H3IlHI1X nonaral-ba
HOBI1X Be3a , MO)I(e ce ca KaHaJ10M
I1IHI H I( P03 TpaBfbaK, Ila ce He 611
pywHna l{anllpMa, ami je TO YBeK Ha
YWTp6 CnOJbI'ber H3rneAa, jep ce 3e- Gr---........ ,
r
MJba 3a AY)l(e BpeMe cne)l(e Te CTBa-
pa y TepeHY Ylly6Jbel-ba, a Tal(O Hcro
H nOI(nonUI>I Ha peBH3110HI1M cl1na-
311Ma, I(Bape nen 113rneA 3eJleHHX
nOBpWI1Ha. ..
Vl 36eraBaTH nonaral-be KaHana
6J1l13Y ApBOpeJla, 360r Moryiier I(Bapa
Ha KaHanHMa ycneA ,nenOBal-ba )I(l1na
BI1COI(HX ApBeTa.
)J.BopHWHa Mpe)l{a MO)Ke 611TI1 --------+--------
cnojeHa j eAmlM rJl aBHHM l(aHanOM
Ha jaBHY I1nH ca BHWe
205C!1I1I(3 - WCMa I\BOPllWHC Mpe)l(C
KaHana, WTO 3aBHCH Oil nonO)l(aja
ynH'lHora l(aHana H onWTe cHTya-
UHje AOTHlli-lor I( OMnnel(Ca 3rpaJla.
Y npBOM cnyllajy Cn . 205 Mpe)Ka nOTcelia Ha cTa6no ca rpaHaMa.
nojeAHHH ce 'Mal-bH l(aHanH CTHtly nocTeneHO jeAaH y ,npynl 110 jeAHor rnaBHor
3aje,nHH'lI(Or I( 0 n e I( TOp a, KOjH ce ynHBa y ynH'IHH l(aHan.
AI(O nocToje IlBe I1nl1 BHwe Be3a ca je,nflliM KaHanoM, OHAa ce I.\eo
KOMnneKC nOllenH y C e K TO P e. Y CBaKOM Cel(TOpy npojeKTyje ce je,naH
rnaBHl1 l(aHan y I(ora rpaBHTHpajy CBH OCTanl1.
AI( O ce OBaKaB !(OMnnel(C 3rpaAa Hana3H y rpaAoBl1Ma 6e3 ynH'lHe
l(aHanH3al.\llje HnH H3BaH aTapa Hel(Or l(aHanHCaHor rpa,na, OH,na fte ce l(aHa-
179
JHl 3aUl<lja H3J1I18aTH y BOAeHe TOI(OBe Ha CyB TepeH, npCMa
MeCHHM npHJ1Hl<aMa APyn lM C ntM, Aa ce npeTXOi(HO I13BPWI1
Tj . y CJ1y
t
lajeBI1Ma He
ce OABOAI1T11 y ABOPl1WHY H CJHIBOBI1 ca J< pOBOBa H TepeHa, l<Ojl1 6H
onTepeTHJ1I1 nocTpojefua sa npe4Hwhaaalhe, Beh ce CBa MeTeOpCI(a BOAa Mopa
sace6HO.
51. fipopa4YH OjlBOjlHe l(aHallH3aUHOHe Mpe)l(e
OBaj npopa4yH 06yxBaTa 113pa4YHaBafue Hel(OJ1I1KO nOAaTaJ(a Kao:
K 0J1H4HHY npOTOI( a BO Ae, BeJ1H4HHY yHyTpawfuer npe-
lJHI'I K a l.\eBl'I, HarH6a H 6psHHe OTHl.\afua H
C Ten e H n y fu e a U e B H. CTora je nOTpe6HO npeTXOjlHO YCTaHOBIHH
r J1aBHe <\>aKTope KOjH YTI14Y Ha TalLHOCT npOpa'lyHa. TH cy q)al(TOpH cJ1ejlelm:
1. K 0 J1 114 H Han pOT 0 I( a BOAe Koja ce oApeljyje nOMohy OCHOBHe
(jJopMyJ1e xHApaymlJ<e Q = w. v rAe je Q = 1<0J1H4HHa y M
3
/cel<, w = nOBp-
WIHl a )I(HBOr npeceKa y 11\2 V = 6paHHa Y MeT. l ceK.
6
H .
2. HarH OTHl.\afua J=- TJ. OAHOC H3Me1)y BHCI1HCKe
L
l<pajlhHx Ta4aJ<a jeAHor l<aHaJ1a H - AY)l(HHe H3Meljy nix. Hanl 6H
ce 3a l<yhHy Mpe*y !<pehy OA 1,3% AO 6,6% a 3a BeJ1Hl<e ABOpl1l1lHe H
YJ1l1lJHe Mpe)l(e MO)l(e 6HTI1 11 Mafue 1 % - 0,5% H Mafue OA Tora.
3. 6 P S H Han pOT H U a a BOAe l<pOS ueBH I(oja ce ySHMa 061'14HO
y OA 0,70-0.90 MeT. l cel<. 6pSI1Ii3 ce MO)l(e OApeAHT.H 11 pa4YH-
CI(HM nyTeM nOMohy Hel<HX eMnHpH4KHX <\>opMYJ1a I<ao:
no KyTep-y: v = 100 VR VRi HJ1H v = C VB
01 + V1{
rAe je R = xI1ApaYJ1H4IUI paAHyc npecel<a y MeTp'1Ma Tj. OAHOC H3Meljy
)1(I1BOr npecel(a (w) 3aY3eTor BOAOA! H OI<BaweHor 061'IMa (P) . R =
P
i = XHApa"J1I1
l
IlHI naA HJ1I1 Ham6 l.\eBl1
. C = Koe<\>Hu.HjeHT OTnopa J<peTal'ba BOAe . OH saBHCl1 OA xI1ApaYJ1H41: HX
CBOjCTaBa npecel<a l(aHaJ1 a, oA yHyTpalllfue rJ1 aTKOCTl1 H OA Ql113HlIhllX
CBO jCTaBa OTnaAHe BOAe.
no KYTep-y: C = 100 VR
m+ VR"
no raHrelb-
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23 +
n

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n
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AOBe ueSH. 3a l(aH3J1113aUI10He
ueBI1 oBaj H3HOCH:
3a AO 200 MM. = 0, 35
200-400 MM. = 0, 30
rAe jL: l<ue<\>l1ul1jeHT (n) 3a J(epaMH4Fe
ueBI1 n = 0,013.
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= 0,013 3a J<ep. IleBH.
v = 6p3MHa Y MeT. j eeK.
i = Ha rM6 K(l Halla
R = Xll.D, paYlIMtIl<M pa.D,Hye
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t
.
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l{o.D, ueBH ca CJIo60AHMM npOTMual-bCM 6e3 npl1TI1CI( a HC CMC 6MTI1 ueo
npeccl( UCBM McnYFbcH BO.D,OM, Bcll y HelWlI l1l(O npa3aH, jcp ce
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3,5 0,44 6,5
1
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8,9
1
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1
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1,77 0,24 3,33 0,30 5,71 1 ,34 12,71,43 28,7 1,52 39,5
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,25 11,7 1,53 19,6 1,78 44, ,2382,4 2,69 7 ,I 10 ,4
nYI-bEI-bE - 0,50
. 0,85 ,0,22 1,60 0,272,75 1,31 6,60 1,59 11,410,47 19 0,54 ~ 0,61 ~ 0,67
1,10 ,0,27 2,00 0,33 3,35 0,38 7,45 0,47 14 0,57 23 0,66 36,3 0,74 52 0,82
1,20 ,0,32 2,30 0,37 3,90 0,44 8,65
1
,55 ~ ~ 6 6 26:5 0,76 41,5 0, 85 60 0,951
1,35 0,35 2,60 0,42 4,30 0,49 9,65 0,62 18,1
1
.7330 0,84 46 0,9567 1,06
1,45 0,38 2,80 0,46 4,60 0,53 10,4 0,68 20 0,81 33 0,93 50 1,05 73 1,16
1,60 0,41 3,05 0,50 5,05 0,58 U,4 0,73 21,41,87 35,4 1,00 54,5 1,14 79 1,25
1,75 0,44 3,25 0,53 5,45 0,62 12,2 0,78 22,8 0,93 38 1,07 59 1,22 85 1,34
1,95 0,49 3,65 ~ 5 1 . 6,10 0,69 13,7 0,87 25,6 I,Q4 42,5 1,20 65 1,36 94 1,50
2,40 0,61 4,45 0,73 7,50 0,84 16,7 1,07 31,4 1,27 52 1,47 80 1,67 115 1,84
3,75 0,70 5,65 0,84 8,60 0,98 19,4 1,23 36,3 1,48 60 1,70!3 1,93 133 2,13
3,05 0,78 5,75 0,94 9,70 1,09 21,6 1,38 40,5 1,65 67 1,90 103 2,15 149 2,38
3,35 0, 85 6,30 1,03, 10,6 1,20 23,7 1,51 44,3 1,80 73,5 2,11 113 2,35 163 2,60
3,850,98 7,30 1,18 12,2 1,38 127.4 1,74 152 2,09185 2,40 130 2,71 188 3,01
4,35 1,10 8, 15 1,33 13,7 1,54 30,6 1,95 57 2,34 95 2,69 46 3,03 211 3,36
4,70 1,20 8,90 1,45 14,9 1,69 33,4 2, 12 6a 2,55 104 2,94 159 3,31 236 3,67
BpellHOCTII H3i13/\ 113nOMlbeHe I.(lI1HI3K nmmj e Be ySUM3jy ce y npal( CH.
184
2 . .II.a je KOJDl'IFIHa (Q) MaKCHManHa Kaj( je
IlYI-belba 0,95;
3 . .II.a he '3a HCTy !.leB H sa BCTH HarH6 6palfHa (v).
611TI1 Mal(CHManHa Ka.ll. (R) xHAp a ynH'IKH paAlfyc 6y.n;e
MaKCHManaH.
3a KyliHy H .ll.BOPI1WHY Mpe){(y s60r SenHI(Or Kone6alba Konlf1!IfHe
npOTe,{ne BOAe y cpa3MepHo ManHM npe'lHH!.lHMa l.\eBH, YSHMa ce nYlbelbe
!.leBI1 Malbe H TO:
3a l.\eBI1 0.11. 100-300 MM. nYIbCI-be ce ySI1Ma 0,5 D.
" 300-500 " 0,6 D.
Ha Ta6nHI.\I1 XXXI .ll.aTI1 cy nO.ll.al.\H 0 Bpe.ll.HOCTHMa 1< 0 n 11 'I H H e
B 0.11. e, 6psHHe Harl16a ueBH sa pa3Ha nYlbelba
0.11. 0,5-1,0 3a KpY)!(He npeceKe.
nOMoliy OBe Ta6nHI.\e MO){(e ce Bpno nal<O' H 6p30 O.ll.pe.ll.HTH BenH'IHHa
noje.ll.HHHX Ka.Hana, Kao H rnaBilOr ca6l1pHor, al(O ce npeTXO.ll.HO_ YTBP.ll.H
I,OJIl1
l
IHHa pacx0.ll.a BO.ll.e, CXOJ\HO Tall. 45 , o.ll.pel\H nOTpe6aH HarH6 npeMa
TepeHcKHM MoryhHOGTHMa H CTeneH nYFbelba. .
185
VI. OTCTPAIhEIhE KYl1HHX OTnA)J.HHX BO)J.A Y HACEJbHMA
Y KOJHMA HEMA YJIH4HE KAHAJIH3ALl.HJE
52. 06HQHe HY)I(HH'll{e jaMe
Y HaCeJbI1Ma rJle Hl1je npOBe,'lCHa ynJ1llHa l(aHaml 3alll1ja I1ml je C311'>('
JlemlMWIHO npOBeJleHa, omaJlHe ce BOJle 11 3 3rpaJla 11 3nJ1Bajy y rpaHI111aMa
rpaJll1nl1WTa y HapO'II1TC HYII<Hl1lJKe jaMc, Hoje cy YJleWeHC 3a nOBpe
MeHO npaIlUbel-be.
HY)I(Hl1lJI01X jaMa Tpe6a HcnyHI1TH OBe 3aXTeBe:
1\a 6YJlY BenponYCTJbI1Be,
Jla HMajy npena3e 113Melj y 311}lOBa 11 JlHa,
JlHO Jla 6Ylle J(opI1Ta
CT
O,
Jla I1M3jy nOlwonall 3a lJl1wtielhe,
Jla HMajy y roplhoj 30HI1 OTBOP 3a OJlBOJl raCOBa nOMohy lleBI1 JlO
113Ha)l. l( pOBa.
no CBOMe 06mmy Mory ce )( pY)l(HOr npece1<a Hnl1 lJeTBOpO-
yraoHe, WTO 33B11CI1 OJl MaTepl1jana I(Ojl1 ce ynoTpe611 3a 3I1Jlal-be.
AKO cy npecel{a lJeTBopoyraoHor, OH)l.a cy OJl 6eToHa 03ro nOI(pHSeHe
apMl1paHOM nnOlJOM.
AI<o ce 311Jlajy OJl oneJ( e I1nl1 OJl l(aMeHa, OHJla cy l(pY)J(Hor npeCel(a a
03ro 3aCBeJleHe nonYHyrnacnlM CBOJlOM.
Ha Cn. 207 npl1!(33aHa je j aMa 0)1. onCI(e' )l.e6Jb11He .0Jl 25 CM .
311JlOB11 cy I{ao 11 Jl HO 113HyTpa MaJlTepl1CaHI1 lleMeWfHI1M MaJ11'epOM 11 yrna-
l13HI1. nOlwonall je OJl npl1pOJl Hor BeWTa'lHor l(aMeBa Jle6JbHHe 10-15
CM. , a OTBOP 3a lJl1whelhe npClJHl1J(a 60 CM. OTBOP je ca nOI(JlOnlleM YI(OnaH
y 3eMJby 3a 0,50 JlI. l(al(O 611 ce CnpClJHO H3na3 r aCOBa ycneJl HexepMcHll(-
HOCTH nOI(Jlonlla.
3 tnpeMi-IHa j aMe 3aBI1311: OJl BpcTe 0)1. 6p.oj a oco6a y 3rpaJlH 11
OJl nOl'pOWIh ! Bo,ue. YI(Onl1 l(O je jaM3 Malhe 3anpeMHHe, YTonHI(O je 1'pe6a
lJewhe '1I1CTI11'H 06paTiIO. 3anpeJlll1Ha nponHcaHa, aJlH He BpeJl H npa-
BHTI1 Matbe jaMe Oll 10 M3.
Ha np. 3a jeJlHy CTaH6eHY 3rpaJlY ca 10 CTaHOBH111{a, al(O ce y3Me
YMepeHa nOTpOIJ.lI-ba Bo,ue Ha JlaB H maBy OJl 70 JI. H )l.a ce jaMa npa3HI1
jeJl3BnyT y Mecell JlaBa. 3anpeMI1Ha he H3HeTI1: V = 10 x 70 = 700 JI. JlHeBHO.
3a 30 )l.aHa 1'pe6ahe:
V = 700 x 30 =2100 M3.
1000 '
186
HenponYCTJbHBOCT j1\M3, HajBa)f(HHj H je ycnoB flP"
H3rpaJ\IbH. .llewaBa ce, lIa ycneJ\ HeCaBeCflor paJla HnH HaMepHO, jaMe
nyWTajy He4HCTY BOJ\y. OBO je BpnO onaCHO no f1apOJ\HO 3J\paBJbe, jep OJ-
J\Hpyhl1 Y TepeH He'lHCTa Bo.'\a 3araljyje nO.1l3ehlfie BOJ\eHe Koje y
MeCTHMa r.1le HeMa BO.1l0BO.1la cnY)l(e 3a nHjahy BO.1ly.
npa)f(l-belbe 0611lJmlX HY>I,fIHllIUIX jaMa 11 nope.1l CBHX npeJ\OCTpO)f(HOcTH
Hnal< je HellHCT H HexHrHjeHCI(1l lJaK 11 y rpa.1l0BHMa cHa6J\eBeHHM
norOHCI(l1M - IWnI<aMa.
0.50
0 .1$
Hllj e nOTpefiHo HarnaWaSaTil CKP03 HexHrlljeHcKII nOCTynaK ca ynOTl'e(ioM OGHQHIIX
npoeHllx 6a401l, I<oje cy Hajoll we y nplIMellll . npllnHJ(oM 411U1Helba jaMe 3araJ\ll ce T)TO II
llyT l<ojllM ce OAoose no AleCTa IIsnHBa cejyl;lI TaKO He4HCTohy II K}'>KeHII rpanCKO seMJbHIDTe.
AKO ee oBaj noeao oGaolba no nallY, Ol\spaTaH eMpan, 1(0]11 ce npll TOMe 113AaneKO pa3HOCH,
I(Y)I(JIO Aenyjc II yrpO)K30a XHrHjcHCI(e ycnoBe rpaAa. na II CaAla MeCTa rAe ce TaJ{oa Sona
11 3n lma, 3Gor I(OIllleIITpallllj e $el(anlIja, 43I< If aehe peKe y I<oje ce 113JT1lBajy.
npa>IO-belbe H O.1lB03 OTnaJ\He BOJ\e 113 HY)KIDIlJI<HX jaMa nopen Hera
THBHHX CTpaH3 y norneny rpanCI(e xHrHjeHe, npeTCTaBJba H 3HaTaH HOB4aHI1
113naTaiC \O.1lB03 1 xn. cTaje 65 J\HHapa). 3a lJHwhelbe jeJ\He jaMe on 20 M3
Tpe6a yrpOWHTJoI 1.300 .- nHHapa.
H3 CBera 113na3H na ynoTpe6a 0611lJHI1X HY)l(HHlJl<HX jaMa npeTCTaBJba
3acrapeo H C" P03 HecaspeMeH HatfHH, J' ojl1 CTOjl1 y onpel\11 ca HacTojalbHMa
MOJ\cpHor yp6aHl13Ma, Te ra Tpe6a yonwTe H36al\HTH 113 ynoTpe6e. C Tora ce
lIa MeCTO OOH'lHHX jaMa YBOJ\e XI1rI1jeBche Tal(O 3B. C e n T H'I I( e j a hi e.
IS7
53. CenTH'II(e "Y)I(HH'II(e jaMe
nOMohy cennl'lliHX jaMa OTI(n3lhajy ce nOMeHYTe HenOBOJbHe cTpaHe
H}')KtIH4KI1X ja'll13 , Te ce THAle y sHaTHoj MepH n060JbWasilJY onWTH
3J\ p3BcTBeHH ycnoBI'1 y HaCeJbl1Ma.
To ce nOCHI)l(e Ha Taj Ha4HH, WTO ce om3AFIe BOAe H3 arpaAe nOAsp-
rasajy jeAHoj BpCTI1 npe
l
Hl WhaB3lha. npe4Hurli aBalhe ce .caCTojl1 YCTB3PH y
TOMe, Aa ce I1S OTn3AFII'IX BOAa OTCTpaHe Tj. I1snY4e Hnll YHI1WTe CBI1 WT!:THH
cacTojlll1 KojH 11X saraljyjy 11 I(Ojl1 cy nOMO)KHH TpyJbI1BI1M npOlleCHMa, Te
Aa ee y'll1FIe 6esonaCHHM y SJ.\paBCTBeHOM CMl1cny.
ViCTOBpeMeHO je llHJb npe411illhaBalha 11 ymlwTasafbe sapaSHHX naTO-
reHHX 6aKTepHja P3SHHX 060Jbelha KOA JbYAH (nojeAI1Ha4HO HnH
MaCOBHO).
54. npe'lHllIHaBafbC" ljIeljanHHx BOAa
. a) OCH06HU npuHrJunu.
npl1 ' npe
l
\l1whaBalhY <jJe t<aJll1ja pa3nHl<yjy ce ABa 6HTHa nocrym(a-
npsl1 je nocrynal< MexaHH4t<0 npe411Wh3S3lhe Tj. ocn060-
Ijelhe oTn3AHe sOAe OA 'IBpCTHX MaTe PH'j a , Kole ce MeXaHI141<11M nyTeM "'3ABa
jajy n}lTeM TanO)Kelha, Te je oBaj npeTXOAHI1 nOCTynat< YCTBapH rpy601136H-
. CTpaBalhe omaAHe BOAe .
,Upyn1 je nocTynat< 611 0 Jl 0 lilt< H npl1 1(0Me ce pa3HH 6HO-
JlOWKO-XeMI1CKH npOlleCI1 H npe06pahalhe opraHCt<I1X MaTepHj a y OTnaAHHM
BOAaMa, a .nOA AejcTBoM )l{HBOTHHX np0l.\eca MHl<pOOpraH113aMa - G a 1< T e-
p 11 j a. npH OBOM ce ApyroM nocTym<y yCTBapH 06aBJba pasapalhe OpraHCl{e
MaTepHje, I<oj a 6al<TepHjaMa CJlY)IUI I<ao xpaHa H OAnH4Ha nOAnora 3a Ih}lXO_B
)l{I1BOT H paA. .
Ha Taj Ha41m opraHCKa MaTepHja y OTnaAHI1M BOAaMa 611Ba OA 6aKTe-
pl1ja nOCTeneHO pa3nO)KeHa 113 CJJO)l(eHI1X yeBe npocTHja OpraHCJ(a jeAl1lhelha.
KpajlhJ1 je nal( l.\I1Jb npe411whasalha nOTnyHa M 11 H epa Jl 11 3 a l.\ H j a
OpraHCJ<HX TpyJbHBlfX JIlaTepl1ja H IhHXOBO CBOnelheHaCTa6HJJHa
HeOpraFICJ(a I1JlH MI1HepanHa jeAlflhelha:
Y OBY ce CBpxy J(Op"CTe 6HOnOWI(If <jJeH9MeHH ABejy rJlaBHI1X rpyna
6aI<Tepl1ja: a e p 0 6 H 11 X H a H a e p 0 6 H If x. Kao H CBaL<OM )l(HBOM 611hy
Tal(O H 6al(Tep"j aMa 3a 06aBJbalhe IhJ1XOBI1X )l(BI1BOTHI1X <jJYHJ( l.\I1j a nOTpe6aH
je I(I1CeOHI1J<. Pa3JJHKa je H3Melj y IhHX caMO y TOMe, !fa Koil1 Ha'iaH 11 y I(OM
06nl1KY Mory Y3HA1aTH I( HCeOtnn<.
npBa rpyna 6al(Tep"ja a e p 06 H 11 X nMa Ty cnoc06HoCT Aa 3a eBoje
611TI1Calhe Mory Y311MaTI1 jeAJ1HO cJl060AaH I<I1CeORI1K 113 Ba3Ayxa I1J111 paCTBO-
peH y BOAH, Te nOMohy Ihera HanaAajy 11 OI(CHAI1WY opraHct<a jeAHlhelha.
C Tora ce oBaj np0l.\ec y TeXHHl.\H npe4Hurliasalha 30Be 0 I( C 11 A a l.\ H 0 H 11.
I1nl1 aepo6HI1.
,Upyra rpyna 6aJ(TepHja a H a e p 0 6 H H X HanpoHIB )l(I1BH 11 AeJJa caMO
y CpeAI1HaMa Bpno cna6e aepal.\l1je HJJI1 CaCBHM y OTCYCTBY Ba3Ayxa a HMa
Ty cnoc06HoCT, Aa t<11ceOHHI( KOjl1 joj je nOTpe6aH, Y311Ma OA OpraHCl(l1X
jeAl1lhelha y 1(0jl1Ma je OH xeMHCKH Be3aH. ,UpyrHM pe'lI1Ma, aHaepo6H He
Mory Y311MaTI1 cJJo6aAaH I(HCeOHI1I( , Beh caMO Be 3 a H. y opraHCI<HM
jeAl1 lhelhHMa.
Ha Taj Ha'll1H OHH Bpwe Het<y Bpcry HenomYHe OKCHAal.\l1je opraHCKHX
MaTepHja, Tj. peAyt<yjy HX, Melhajyhl1 npl1 TOM IhHXOB XeMI1CIUI caCTaB.
188
Oaaj je Ha4MH paSJlaraFba opraHCl(li\X jenl-fH,eFba y CTBapH apeFbe HJlR
TpyJberbe H y TeXHMI,lM npe4MUIl; aaalba HaSJ;ma ce T p Y Jb H a H II n H a H a-
e p 0 6 H M - C e nTH 4 K H n POI! e c.
CYUlHlHa 61t0JlOUlKOr npe41tUIl; aBaFba OTnanHe BOne caCTojH ce, AaJ<ne,
y MCKOpHUllia)3all>Y nOMeHYTHX cBojcTaBa a e p 0 6 H H X a" a H a e p 0 6 H H X
6al(TepHja, cTBapajylill. npH TOM sa CBal(Y rpyny noce6HO, IIlTO nOBOJbHlfje
YCJlOBe sa UlTO MHTeHsHBHHjH FbHXOB pasBoj H neJl aFbe.
Y saBI1CHOCTH OA YCJlOBa 113 KOjHX npOHCTH4e )KHBOTHa neJJaTHOCT
6alnepHj a, OBH npOAYI(TH pa3JlaraFba opraHCKHX jeAI1FbeFba Mory 6HT>I: y
06Jl HI(Y 6 e 30 n a C H 11 X C T a 6 H Jl H H X j e A H Fb e Fb a H a 6 aSH p a A a
a e p 0 6 a 11 y 06mll<y 0 n a C H 11 X 11 T P Y Jb H B WX n p 0 A Y KaT a H a
6aSH paAa a Hae p06a.
MHHepaJll13al\l1ja opraHCKI1X jeAHFbeFba nyTeM aH'!ep06HHX npOl\eca je
BpJlO cnopa H Ayra H oAaje MHoro CMpaAa. Aeop06HH _ naK npOl\ec 06aBJba
ce 6P30, )I<I1BO 11 6e3 jaKor CMpana.
npe
l
ll1ulliaBaFbe 06aBJba ce nocrynHo Tal(O, Aa ce y CBal{oj cjiasl1
06aBH jeAaH oAperyeH cTynaFb y npe4HUll1aaaFbY. VI s Tora npOHSI1JlaSH, Aa je
npellHUIl;aBaFbe . cjiel<aJll1ja CJlQ)l(eH nocao, \ Koj l! ce cacTojH-H3 BHLL!e yaacTonH11X
nocTynaKa no ]eAHOM peAy. _ -
n0411Fbe ce OA rpy60r I1sABajaFba LJBPCTI1X omaAaKa 11 neCKoBHTor MYJba,
YKOJlI1I(O ra I1Ma y KyfiHHM CnJla411HaMa. OHM c-e Mopajy 3anp)l(aTl1 y o)!ro-
BapajyliHM TarrO)l(HI-ll\aMa jom npe ymlBa y cenrH41(Y jaMy.
3aTHM }:(OJIaSH cjiasa Hs6HCTpaBaFba oTnanHe BOAe OA HepacTBopeHHx
4BpCHIX cacTojaKa. OBO ce 06-aBJba y HapO'lHTHM jaMaMa -- TaJlO)l(HHl\aMa y
T(ojHMa ce 6psHHa npOTHl\aFba BOAe Harno cMaFbyje (3a 100 nYTa) .
Vl s6HcTpeHa ce BOAa MO)1(e H3Jl0)1(I11'11 )(aJbeM npeYHUIl;aBaFbY Ha Hal'lo
4HTHM l\eAHmlMa 3BaHHM ,, 611 0 nom I( H no Jl 0 3 11" (cjiHJlTplI).
AJlA ce HCTO Tal<O H36HeTpeHa BOAa MO)I(e OABonHTH I-l Al1pel(THO y
06Jl I1 )l<lhe BoneHe TOI{OBe. MO)l(e ce Tal(O-rye nycTHTH Aa HenpecTaHo nOHHpe y
TepeH, al(O 3a 'f0 HMa YCJlOBa, HJlH ce Mopa CTamw OABOSHTI1 Kao -11 I1S
06H4HHX HY>I<Ha4KHX j aMa paAH HSJl HBaFba Ha oApeljeHa MeCTa.
-CTaJlO)1(eHe ce MaTepHje OCTaBJbajy AY)l(e BpeMe y CenTl1'1KHM jaM3Ma
rAe y TPYJIHUlTHMa HacTyna IhHXOBO pasnaraFbe nOA 6awrepJlja.
Y cBaKoj ce OA OBl1X cji a3a 113BpUl11 OAroBapajytm crynaFb y UJU<JlyCy.;
npoueca npe'll1UIl; aBaFba . I
ArrH TO He 3Ha411 , na ce ornaAHe BOAe y CBaKOM cnyqajy MOl'lajy nOA-
BprHyTH CBHM q)a3aMa npe
l
ll1UIl; aBaFba, Beli. nocTojl1 HeKOJJ1oIKO cTynlheaa, UlTO
3aBI1CH OA MeOHHX OKOJlHOCTH H 3aXTeBa.
TaKo HCTO 3aBHCII OA no p e K Jl a omaAHe BOAe H FbeHor C n e U H-
cji H 4 H 0 rca C TaB a, 0.11 C Ten e H a 3 a I' a Ij e HOC T 11, 0.1\ C Ten H a
l l( H T ]( 0 C T II 11 I1sHaA CBera 0.11 hi e C H 11 X M 0 r y h HOC T 11 11 Kpa]Fber
I!HJba npeQI1UlhaBaFba. /
TaKo pasnHl(yjeMo jeAaH cTynaFb HenoTnYHor npe4HUIl;aBaFba, KojHce
cacTojH caMO 1'13 cjia3e H36 H CT pa B a Fba.
nornYHO npe4HmilaBafue 06yxBaTa OCHM 113611CTpaBaFba jOill H Apyry
cjiasy, I'paj Fby hi H H epa Jl 1'1 3 a U H j Y omanHe BOAe Ha 6HOJlOUlKHM
cjiHJlTpHMa.
189
6) EUO-Xe.IIUCKU npolJecu pa311aZalba Mpm8e opzancKe Mamepuje y npupoiJu
Y npHpoAH ce y BellHl<HM pa3MepaMa 06aBJbajy OBH npol\eCH, caMO He
Tal(O 6p30, HHTeH3HBHO H nOTnyHo l(ao- Ha BeWTalJKHM ypeijajHMa. 3eMJbHWTe
y TOM norlleAY npYH(a CllHl(Y orpOMHe lla60pa'fopHje. Y lheMY ce 3611Ba
' pa3llaralhe MpTBe opraHCl<e MaTepH; e y CBHMa 06llHl\HMa H <pa3aMa.
!{apa1<TepHCTH1<a nojeAI1HHx <\>a3a cacTojH Ce y paAY HapOQHTHX 6<D<Te-
pl1ja Ca OAroBapajylHIM pe3yJ1T(I'f 01>\ pa3llaralha 1<ao lllTO cneAyje:
Pa3.waOlbe YZlbeHUX xuiJpoma . OHH ce j aBJbajy Kao paCTBopeHH y BOAH
(rneliep), 1<ao 3rpYABaHH y BOAH (cl(p06) H 1<ao HepaCTBopeHH (l\ellYll03a);
BOAa npBO pa3AP0611 y CH1'He 1(OMaAe, na 3aTHM HaCTyna }bI1XOBO
pa3llaralhe. .
ClleAelia <jJa3a je H3a3BaHa AejcTBoM HapO'IHTe rpyne: aMHAO-6a1(Tepl1ja.
OHe cy pellaT11BHO HpynHHje OA APYrHX, OAllHI(yjy ce THAle, lllTO 113ApH(aBajy
1<JbY4a}ba BOAe H no TOj OC061Uif1 ce Aajy llal(O 113}.lBOjHTH OA
OGT2llHX, 1<oje npl1' TOM yrHHy. IhHXOBO ce AejCTBO caCTojH y pa3llara}bY
l.\ellYll03e 11 CI(pooa.
n OTOM Y'lecTByjy H ApyrH MHI{poopraHH3MH 'mje ce' AejcTBo jaBJba y
ABa/BUAa a npaMa TOMe, Aa JlH ce npOl\eCH 06aBJDajy I1llH He06aBJbajy y
npHcyCTBy 1<HCeOHHl{a H3 Ba3Ayxa. .
Y npBoM je cllyqajy OI(CH AaI.\HOHH npol.\ec pa3llaralha nomYH a pe3yllTaT
cy CO
2
H H
2
0.
Y ApyroM je CllYlJajy OKCllA!l I.\Hja HenomYHa 11 npH TOMe ce !jJopMHpa
AI eTa H npeMa <POPMYllH:
C
6
H
Io
0
5
+ H
2
0 = 3 CH
4
+ 3 CO
2
T-"nH4afl npHMep me ce 06anJbajy OBH npOL\eCII, jeCTe l<OA <jJepMeHTaL\lfje (npenH-
palM) r n jcKor Ijy6peTa, Ha nonpLUIIHIl ce oAnHja nomYHa OKCHAaL\"j a H l(aO npOIIY' (TlI
pa3Jlaralba, janJbajy CC CO. II H
2
0 ca paanHj albcM AOCTa BIICOKe TeMncpaType 01<0 700.
Y -Y"YTpaLUIbOCTIl Mace ljy6pilLUTa pa3B"j a ce ;" C T a II H 311aTHO IIH)l(a TeMnepaTypa 25-350.
Pa311aZ(Jibe AIGCmu. MaCHI cy HajomopHHje Ha 6110 -xeMHjcFo. AejcTBo H
OCTaT11 Ayro HeH3Mel-beHe y )(OllH4HHaMa Hapo'IHTO MI1HepallHa
yJba. IhHXOBO ce BPWH y npHcyCTBy BOAe nOA AejCTBOM Cne1.\11-
jallHHX' m!KpOOpraHH3aMa , I(OjH )IO<IBe Ha IhHXOB pa'l yH H CBOjHM paAOM
06pa3yjy canyHtCTe e H [( H M e, lJHje MOllel{Ylle pa3JIa)I(Y y AI a C H e I{ H-
cell H H e 11 r II 11 1.\ e p 11. H.
3aTO ee 3a qynal'be MaCT" H YJba He eMe A03BOJl"TIl Aa Aofjy Y AOAHP ca BOAOM.
CllH'IHO ce pa3J1ar alhe H3a311Ba aMOHl1jal(a, 1(0jH canOHH!jJHI.\Hpa
MaCT H UpH 0C{106aija rm1l\epHH. rmll.\epHA nOTOM 6YAe 01<CHAHCaH OA
llpyrHx MJ.!KpOOpt'aHH3aMa.
ClloOOAHe. MaCHe !(HCem'iHe ce Be'3yjy ca 6a3aMa H3 TepeHa rpaAeliH
canyH, I\OjI1 Ha CBOj Cl'BeH 6YAe llaI<O H 6p30 OI(CHAI1CaH OA pa3HHX
MHKpOOpraHH3aMa.
Pa3l1aco/be a30mHUX jeOl11belbG. 1h11XOBO je pa3llaralhe ,\lHOrO !(OMnJ1l1-
I(OBaHHje. Y npBOM peAY OHa 6HBajy npe06paheHa nOMol,y A H j aCT a 3 a,
H3llY4eHHX O.l Hel<t1X y pac T BOp Jb 11 Ben e U T 0 H e.
(CllI1lJHJ I<ao y lJOBe411jeM )l\ellylll.\y).
npH TOMe ce n01\ AejcTBoM HapOlJHTe rpyne 6al(TepHja jaBJbajy nojaBe
TpYJbelha npalieHe pa3BHjalheM CMPAJbl1BHX raCOBa, aMoHHjal{a, cyMnopacTe
1<t1cellHHe H MHOrt1X _OTPOBHII X cynCTaHI.\H. Te cy noj aBe pe3YllTaT
hOM6HHal.\IIja MeryYCOOHI IX Be3l1Bal-ba BOI\OHUl\a, yrJbeHI1Ki' , 1 llceOHl1Fa H aZOTa
190
ca cyMnOpO . \ 11 <\JOC(POPOM, l\Ojl1x l1111a y Monexyny aJl6YMHHa.
AYKT TpYJbelba je a 'M 0 H 11 j a K.
nocne Bpelba (TpyJbeFba) HacTyna Apyra tjJa3a: H If T P If tjJ R K a U
a30THVlX jeAl1lbelba OKOI AauHjO.\\ aMOHl1jal{a, I(ojlf ce npe06poha . DpBG
a 3 0 T a CT y I( \01 C e n H H Y 11 H \01 T P 11 Tea nOTOM y a 3 0 THy K H C
n VI H Y H H H T p a T e, a npelll a (pOpMynH:
2NH 3 + 3CO, = 2HN0
2
+ 2H
2
0
2HN0
2
+ O
2
= 2 HN0
3
A30THa, HI1Cefll1Ha- nOTOM ca 6asaMa y TepeHY H'H T paT e, ROjl{
I1Majy orpoMHy Ba)I(HOCT 11 11rpajy rnaB.HY yJlory y IfCXpaHI1 6lfJbHOr CBeTa.
npH OBHM npOl\eCHMa AejcTByjy:
npBO. H 11 T P 0 3 0" 6 a I( T e p If j e I<oj e npe05pahajy aMoHlljaI< (NH3)
y asoTacTY Kl1cenlfHY (HNO
z
) 11 ca 6asallla y TepeHY, y HI1TpI1Te
.upyro. H 11 T P 0 - 6 a I< T e p 11 j e, ' 3HaTHo cHTHl1je OA npBlfx, Kojlf
' npeTBapajy a30Ta1:TY KI1CeJl I1HY y a30THY T. j. HI1TpHTe y HI1TpaTe,
OBe 6al{Tepl1je He Mory y 311M3TIf a30T 113 Ba31\yxa I1Jl11 113 opraHCI(IfX
jeAl1lbelba, Bell 113 ' aMoHHjal<a (NH3) Vi a30TaCTe l' IfCeJlI1He (HN09)'
OHe noceAyjy TaKol)e r c06,IHY Aa Be)l(Y yrJbeHI1I( 113 yrJbeH-AVlOKCl1l1a (C0
2
)
y Ba311YXy, 'Ial(- VI 6e3 y
t
leurh3 CBeTJl OCTI1, AOI{ ra 11 3 MOJlel( yna opraHCI( I1X
j eAl1lbelba Y311MaTI1 . .
Y CBpXy npal(TJoI4HOr Vi CKopVllllll aBal-ba OBI1X cBojcTaBa 6aKTepl1ja, rpalle
ce ollroBapajyhe I1HCTaJl al\l1j e 3a BeillTatll( Y HI1Tpl1<pI1KaUI1 jy. Ha 6a311 OBI1X
npoueca 3aCHOBaHO je - 611 0 Jl 0 Illl( 0 n p e'l H III h a B alb e ornaAHe BOAe
na 11 nl1j ahe BOAe, I<ao VI 11360p Tepefia 3a rp06Jba y Kojl1111a ee Bprue npM-
POIIHI1 npouecH pa3apalba JlellleBa.
55. YTIfl\aj MeXaHlf'll(Or caCTaBa OTnaAHe BOAe
Ha e!jlel(aT npelJlfwfiaBalha
rOBopehlf yomUTe 0 c2cTaBy ornaAHI1X BOlla pe'leHO je Aa OHO IllTO If X
HapOql1TO ql1HM CJl O)l(eHHM 11 IllTO OTe)l(aBa np06Jlelll OABOAa y Kyfilf, jecTe
ITpl1CyCTBO rycnlHa Oil cjJel(3JlHor 6JlaTa. VlCTO TO B3)I(1f If 3a TeXHMI<Y npe-
4111llhaBalba l<yhHI1X ornallHl1x BOlla, jep je 11 npl1 TOMe OA npeCYAHor YTM- .
l\aja l<aKBolla If npoueHaT HepaCTBopeHlfx 4BPCTMX o'Pna-
lIa l{a 11 I:bI1XOBO MeXaHl1lJl<O nOHalllalbe y jahlaMa 3a
npeQI1Wha B albe. I _
npeMa npoueH'TY rycTI1Ha H CTeneHY p a3pel)eHocnf, oTnaAl!e ce BOlle
Mory nOAeJlI1TJo1 y: )l( If T I< e, C p e 1\ Ib e r y C T M H e If rye T e, urro SaBl1eR
I{OJll1411He BOlle npl1. ynoTpe611..
3 60r OBor a ce " pa3J\1\1(yjy nponHCH 0 npeQHwhaB31&Y HJMeljy nojeJIHIIHX rpaaoSR
H 3eMaJha. T o 3aBilCH 0/\ TCXHH"l\or pa3BHTK3 \I )f(HnOTHOr cT3MapAa cpeAHHe. -
Y HaCeJbI1.Ma y 1{0jl1Ma j e nOTpOllilba BO,ne OA 100 mIT. na HaBH41e Ha
AaH n0 CTaHOBHI1I( Y, cMaTpajy ce J(ao )I(l1Tl<e - peTRe BOAe.
OHO WTO 3araljyje ornaAHe Bo,ne 11 urTO Tpe60 eJlMMHHIfCaTI1. 113 IbI1X,
j ecy opraHCbe MaTepl1j e If ornal\l1. PalJYHa ce Aa ornallHe BOlle, I(all Aocnejy
y j aMY sa npelJl1WhaBalbe Callp)l(e 01(0 70% OpraHCl<lfX 11. 30% MMHepaJ1HI1X
no cBojaj CTpyhTypl1 OBe ce npl1.MeCe y jaMaMa jaBJbajy I(ao:
a) H epa c T BOp e H e tl B P C T e r p y M e Hac T e M a 'P e p 11. j e,
6) y B 11 II Y n a x y Jb aCT H X 4 e C T 11 U a,
B) I( 0 J1 0 11. A a Jl H e c y n c T a Hue 11
r) p a CTBopeHe cyncTaFlue.
191
0):( OBHX Ha HepaCTBOpeHe Ma1'epHje AOJla3H 1/3 0):( CBHX oppaHclolx
npHMeca a OCTaJle 2/3 cy paC1'BopeHe 11 I{OJlOH):(aJiHe Ma1'epHje.
OBa ce pa3HOJlHKOC1' IMIXOBe C1'py)<Type HapOQH1'O OApa)KaBa I{OA Mexa-
HH Kor npOl\eca H3611C1'paBaI-ba nY1'eM 1'aJlO)KeI-ba.
t.IepCTc rpYM"CHac-rc MaTcplfjc npH T3JlO)l(CIbY HC MClbajy ceojy TC)!{IIHY H 3anpe-
MIIHY, a GpSIIHa TanO)f(Clba CTOjlf y III1PCKTHOM OIlHOCY ca OTnOpOM BOllc, Tal(O lIa j c Tano-
)KCIbC yjcIIHa'lcHO II oBaKa rpyMyJbIllla TOlfC sacc6HO.
, naXYJbaCTC ce MaTcplfjc lfanpOTllB MCljyCOGlfO cncnJbyjy If npl! Tano)l(clf,y ce IIP)f(C
Cl(y na. 3anpCMlfHa " csaKor IIcnrlha yscliaea CC a ca TIIM ce yscnaBa If op311Ha


......-
--

/

-
D
J D
0

....--
f.---
-
I
T3nO)f(elba.
3a 'l spCTe rpYMeHaCTC IIcnose, cl/JcKaT,npOlleca IISOII-
CTpasalba 3aBHcaH jc Oil scnH'lHHC nOBpWHlle Ha Kojy ce
T3JlO)f(elbe npOCTllpC .
3a naXYJbaCTC IIcnOBC HanpOTlIB, e$eKaT H30HCTpa-
salba 3aBlICII Oil TPajalba npoueca TanO)f(Clba .
OIlHOC npOL\eHTa jellHllx H IIpyrllx HIIC Ha paqYl'1
rpYMCHaCTHX IICJlosa, nowTO naxyJbaCTHX HMa BlIWC.
CTora j e npOllec 1136HCTpasalba $ YHKlllf j a Tpajalba
TanO)l(elba Tj. $YHKllllja BpeMeHa Koj e je nOTpc6HO, lIa
cnc <\>eKanHe BOIIC npoljy KP03 T3JlO)I(HIIK.
Ha cn. 208 rpa$1I'lKH jc nOMohy KPHBYJhe npHKa-
saHO TanO)KClbe $ CI<anlfja y CCnTII'l!(IIM j aM3Ma .
,[(Olba KpHBYJba nOI<asyj e TanO)l(CIbC 'lBPCTlfX MaTC-
pllja y npOlleHTHMa II y j ellHal(HM epeMCHCKHM IHITCpn3JIHMa .
r oplba KpllsyJba 03UaQyje y npOllClITllMa SPCMCHCKO
TallO)l(Clbe yonwTe CBlfX nplIMcca, l( oje CC MeXa HH'lJ(HM
4 5, 6 nrr
eM
lIa jy CTallO)!{IITH .
nplf TOMC TpeGa HarllaCHTH lIa y OTnaIlHII'" BOllaMa
ClI. 208 _ I{plIBYJba TallO)f(Clba liMa OKO 20,5
%
'lnpCTIIX 'lccTHlla, Koje ce He lIajy CTallO-
)l(HTH (KonOIlIlIl).
. 1,
113 KpHsYJbe CC BIIIIH,J13 ce Bcn noclIc 2 'laca 85,5
%
CBIIX 'lBPCTIIX MaTcpHja CTallO)l('l Ha IIHO.
1{01l0l1llallHe 'leC1'II11C YClICII CBOjllX M3JlIIX IIHMcH311ja H TC)I( HHa, HC lIajy cc CTallO-
)f(HTH, BCn y BOIIII nOli IIc j CTBOM lbCli or nOTHCl<a, TC cc BPllO TCWKO Mory
06H'fHII M TallO)l(CIbCM 113I1s0j HTH 113 nOllc . Oue ce sellHM IIcnOM H311Hjy HssaH jaMc sajellHo
Ca paCTBOpCHIIM opraHCl(II') jelllllbclbllMa y HSOHcTpeHoj j aMCl<oj nOllll. 3a Ibllxono Hsn y -
'fllnalbC nOTpe6H>l cy cnel1l1jallllU ypeljajll TaKO 3B, "I{ 0 11 0 "II 0 P II " Tj. H3j\naja'fll
KO.QOHlla.
56. fiocTynal( H3liHcTpaBaI-ba. OTna)lHHX BOAa
OpBI1 c1'aAHjYM y npellHwl1aBaI-bY oma):(HHX Bo):(a oliy.xBan
)leo, 1, 0jH ce cac1'ojl1 y ornaAHe 0):( HepaCTBOpeHH.x QBPCHIX
cac1'ojal (a ny1'eM 1'aJlO)KeI-ba, a n01'OM H npepa):(a C1'aJIO)I(eHOr Ma1'epHjana
ny1'eM BpeI-ba - 1'pylhelha. OpeMa TOMe OBa !pa3a HMa y cTBapH ABa AeJla :
I. 1'aJlO )K eI-be - ce):(HMeHTal\Hjaj H
2. BpeI-be - 1'pylhnbe.
OpH OBOM nOCTynl{y pa3J1M1(yjeMo ):(sa 6H1'Ha Ha'II1Ha, 113 !{OjHX cy
npOH3aWlla ):(Ba OCHOBHa T111a cenTH'II<I1X jaMa.
o p B H j e H a lj H H C!{ Y n H H Tj. HSABajaI-be TaJlOra , a n01'OM 11 BpeI-be
, 1'3J10ra BPWI1 ce y HenocpeAHOM ):(0J\11 PY, a npOl\ec ce oliaBlha y
3aje):( HHlJ I<HM Cen1'H'lJKHM j aMaMa 1'3B. " c e nTH U H M a".
_ J],pyrH je HallHH nO ):(BojeHI'f 1'j. 1'aJlO)l(eI-beHBpelhe o):(elheHH
cy Ha 113BeC1'aH HalJHH je):(aH 0):( Apyror, a npOl\eCH ce 06aBlhajy y
j aMaMa 1'Hna "EMwepoBe jaMe".
192
57. CKynHH - ccnTHllH
OCHOBHH ce nm ypeljaja CenTHKa cacTojH OA HajMalbe )J.8e
O,ll,elbel-ba - I(OMOpa Meljyc06Ho nose3aHI>lX.
Ha cn. 209 je weMaTH41<H TayaB npB8 W
KOMopa (\) HajBelia, 01(0 1/2 OA yl<ym(e CaAp)I<lHle H OHa HMa rnaBHy ctJyal<-
l\Hjy npH H3J1Ba;albY Tanora Tj. J136H<;TpaBal-bY BOAe H AaibeM
CTanO)KeHHX ,Il,enOBa. OCTane JIBe I<OMOpe cy ill l-be H cn}>Ke 3a ,Il,albe H3611-
CTpaBalbe <jJel(anHe BO,ll,e.
nop.e,CflHjH je THn y nornep.y 3aY3HMaiba M3lber npOCTopa y SHAY
I<PY)HHX TpOAenHHX jaMa. Cn. 2 10.
en. 209 - WeMa CefiTHql<e jaMe npanoyrne
JaMa je YBel( nyHa BOAOM JlO npenHBa, a eBe ee 'rpH 1(0MOpe nOHawajy
I(ao enojeHH .eYAoBH. .
41>lM CBe)l(a KonH4HHa <jJel(anHja Aocne y npBy KOMOPY, paBilOte)l(a ce
nopeMeTH H HacTaje npenHBalbe BOAe H3 I(OMOpe y I(OMOpy, a BHUIal( ce
H3nHje J1SBaH. jaMe.
Ha oBaj ce Ha4HH nOMoliy nperpaAa KOMopa oMoryliyje BHUIe-
l(paTHO ysacTOnHj npeTal(albe BOAe, ' y 4eMY H nel1(H maBHO CpeACTBO 3a
WTO ycnewHHje H3ABajaibe Tanora H l(pajlbH l\KIb H36J1c'PpaBalba !jleKaflHe BOAe.
ee nOCTH)l(e Ha Taj Ha4lm, UITO ce Ta41<e ymlBa
y jaMY H Ta41(e ](pajlber H3nHBa H3 Ibe, enpe'laBa ,JlHpeKTaH TOI<, Beh ce
nOMoliy nperpaAa cTBapajy npenpel<e y HpeTalbY BOAe; BO,ll,a ce 3a.o;p>Ka1l8
npena3eliH AlHOrO Ay)KH nyT.
3a TO ce BpeMe 06aBH TanOI1(elbe \/BPCTHX cacTojaKa. CTaJlO)eHC OpraHCl1e
MaTepHje Ay)e BpeMeHa oCTajy Ha AHY, rAe Tpyne nOl1 AejCTBoM aHaep06a
6e3 npHGTyna Ba3Ayxa. npH TOMe ce 36HBajy BPJlO 'CJlO)eHH 6Ho-xeMHCKH
npOl\eCH.
fnaBHY -ynory Hrpajy ABe rpyne 6al(TepHja.
npBa rpyna 6al<TepHja pa3na)e y r Ib e Hex H.A p a.T e, 6 e JI a H 'I e-
BHHe, MaCTH AO MaCHHX I(HCeJlHHa H IbHXOBHX conH.
_ npH OBOM ce pa3J1aralbY pa3BHjajy r aCOBH: BOA 0 H H K (H), y r Ib e H A H-
o I( C H A (C0
2
) H Kapal(TepHCTH4aH rac e y M n 0 p - BOA 0 H H I( (H
2
5).
OBaj npBH cTynalb Bpelba Ha3HBa ce uK H C e nOB p e Ib e" ea jaKHM 3aAaXOM .
.upyra rpyna 6al(TepHja HanaAa M a Cll e I( He e n H H e H Ib H X 0 B e
con H, OAY3HMajyliH OA IbHX Be3aHH Kv.ceOHHI(, pa3nal1(e HX, npH '1eMY ce
06pa3yje y rib e H A H 0 I( C H A CO.. a 3 0 T (N) HAle T a H a eyA!-
nOpBO,ll,OHHI( ce Be3yje ca rBO)ljeM Y rB03AeHH cyJl<jJaT (Fe
2
50
4
), KOjH ceo
KaO HepaCTBOplbHB CTaJlOI1(H Ha AHO.
13 l<yl1K8 KaHanH3alllfJa
193
YcneA 1'ora UITO npH OBOM npOt\ecy, 0.11 clHlx r acoBa 1\0jH ce 06pa3yj y,
HMa HajBHUJe MeTaHa, OI<O 75%, oBaj ce np0l.\ec 11 30Be "M eT a II 0 B 0 I1nH
6 a 3 HOB P e Ib e" .
Ha np. C
8
H
Io
O. + H
2
0 = 2 CH
4
+ 3 CO
2
,
Y nO'leTKY npoueca HaCTaj c I(HCenO BpClbe anH ce AOUHllj e Ha Ally MyJba pasBuja
MCl'allOOO opelbC, l<ojC nOCTeneHO OMaAa13a roplM\M cnojeo>LIla H Haj 3M If uenOM MaCOM
rpYJbIl BOr Ta1l0ra . Cr ora ce Ha nO'lcrl(Y AOAaj e J I(r. I(pcqa Ha J M' lj1el(anRe BOAe.
npu npouccy npe'lllwllaBalba rpe6a OMorylurm WTP oGHnllHje P33BHj3Ibe MeTaHOOOf
OPClb3 Ha pa'l yH I(IICenor, jep MeraHOBO Bpe .... a p.aje 60JbC II CllrYPHJtje pe3ynraTe Hero
OI(IJceJbaoaj yhll npouec.
YcneA pa30Hja .... a Bem!l(e KonJt'lllHe racOBa, cranHO ce cMalbyje 3anpCMIIHa CTano-
)I(CHII X Aen01la (3-4 nyra) II TO npH MeraHOBOM OpClby MHoro Ollwe, Hero npH I(JtccnOM.
Y cenrllKY ce jaoJba jow jeAHa B3)l{Ha noj3Ba cynporHa cMepy Ta ' O)f(elba Koja
yn,qc lIa npouec npe'lI1WhaBa .... a. Olla CC caCTojll y rOMe WTO ce OKO CI1TIII1X Aell lJ "a
pa3Ap06JbCIIor rMora HaxBaTajy Mexyplllilt racona II Kao CnCUlllj1l1'lI1O nal(wl1, nClbY ce
HaBI{we noonaqelm C060M qecTJtUe ranora COC AO nOBpwlIHe BOAe.
nOWTO raCOBlI Hanycrc BOAY, OBC qCCTHue nOHOBO TOllY HaTpar Ha AHO, rAe 6Hoajy
H31100a 3apalKCHC MeTaHOBWI\ BpelbeM, Aa nOTOM nOHOBO nanYCTe MyJb HOWWC MexypOBl{Ma
racona AO nOBpwlIHe BOAe, Aa CC no H3na3Y racOBa lI3 BOAC, opar e nOIlOBa Fla Ano.
Ha Taj naqllH nocTojll CT3nHO BepTlIK3nHO crpyjalbe yoGa CMcpa, rj. 03AO HaBIiLDC
II 06paT1i0. Ha ooaj Ci!' lIaql1l1 3pHua ranora CTMHO H cMalbyjy 3anpeMI1HY, AOK He
Aolje Ha AIIMeH311je I(OnollAa II oCTaHY lIa neGAe y BUAIt.
Ann OBO oepTIIKMHO CTpyjalbe TPYJbIlBI1X Acnl1li a Tanora ItAla It ynory CTanHor
1llllj11l Ullpalba roplbHx cJlOjeoa peljer Tanora, a HapO'lUTO CBelKe npiiAona3elic lj1eKall llC OOAC
H KonOIlAa, I(ojlt IIC AocncBajy y rnaollY 30lly Bpelba II He Aa jy cc ranO)KClbeM 113AOoiI1TII .
).1nal(, jCAru{ Aeo HepaCTBopeHl'x qecrllua 113alj e KP03 npenJ<o "113 jaMe . Aa Gil ce H
TI1 ACROBH 113ABojllnJ<, YBoAe ce I(OMopa II, a HeKli nyr H I1I KOMopa, y I(ojy pcrl(O l(aA
Aocncoaiy lIepaCToopeHe QCCTl1ue, I<oie 611 ce TanO)Kll1le.
YcneA OBHX np0l.\eca <jJOpMl1pajy ce y j aMaMa, OCI1M )I<I1TI{Or .l\eJl a,
ABa ryUJRa cJluja: jeAaH npl1 .l\HY j aMe y BHAy l' aJl 0 r a, a j e.l\aH Ha mlBp-
UJI1HI1 B0.l\e y BHAy neHyUJaBe 1(0)I{aCTe I{ 0 P e.
OBa J(opa HaCTaje op; JlaI<I1X MaCHI1X I(oje HcnJlI1Bajy Ha
nOBpUJI1Hy 11 ry ce y AO.l\I1PY ca Ba3AyxoM cyUJe, nOBehaBajyhl1 nocTeneHO
Ae6JbHHY (nOHel(ap; .l\O I,UO M.) . OBO 3aBHCl1 op; nopel(Jla Oma.l\He BOAe 11
np0l.\eIHa HeH3J1y
t
leHl1x MaCTH -y BO.l\I1 .
j{opa BPJlO .l\06po p;enyje I<ao 3acTOp npoTI1By .l\OcTyna Ba3Ayxa y CenT111(
H cTBapa norO.l\HY Cpe.l\l1Hy 3a pa3Boj aHaepo6a. Y KOMOPH r ce
Haj Ae6Jbl1 cJloj I(ope, a y KOMOPH II 3HaTHO MaIbH, .l\01( y J{OMOPI1 I II peTKo
ce YXBaTI1 I<opa 11J111 CaCBI1M MI1HI1MaJlHe .l\e6JbI1He. ,lJ,e6JbI1Ha cJloj a J(ope He
CMe npehl1 l IS ny611He BOAe y CenTI1I<y.
TaKo je HC'fO 11 I<OJlH'lHHa TaJlOra HajBeha y I(OMOPI1 I 11 TO 3HaTHO
Beha Hero y OCTaJlI1M 1{0MOpaMa. He CMe ce .l\OnYCTHTH .l\a CJIoj TaJlOra HapacTe
BHUJe 0.1\ 1/3 i\y6HHe BO.l\e. 3aTO 11 3anpeMI1Ha 1{0MOpe I Tpe6a .l\a je cpa3MepHo
MHor o BeRI1 0.1\ OCTaJlI1X.
Y I<OMOpe I I H I I I .l\Oljy caMO HajJlaKUJe opraHcl e '1eCTHl.\e cnoc06He
.l\a 11 AaJbe TpyJle.
WTO ce Tl1qe .l\y6l1He TaJlO)I(HOr nojaca, Y311Ma ce 113 I1cl<ycTBa I<ao
1,5 M. BI1UJe 0.1\ Tora caMO nocKynJbyje 113paAy, a .l\ejcTBo ce Bpelba
He nOj a'laBa. npe ce MO)I{e Y3eTH OBa .l\y6HHa Malba OA 1,5 M.
PaAH npaBI1J1HOr 11 paBHoMepHor TaJlO)I,elba I(OHCTaHTHe 6p311He, Mopa
ce O.l\p)l(aTH 113BeCTaH nOBOJbaH OAHOC 113A\el}y .l\y6l1He noj aca 3a TaJlO)l(elbe 11
lberOBe nOBpUJI1He.
CMaTpa ce I<ao nOBOJbaH O.l\HOC J<a.l\ je F = 2/3 Q, r.l\e je F = nOBpUJHHa
TaJlO)I{elba y M2 a Q 03Ha'laBa '1aCOBHO npl1TI1l.\albe omaAHe BO.l\e y A13.
194
I1sMefjy KOpe 11 )l.Ofber KaWaCTor TanOra Hana3H ce TeqHM
Ca)l. p)I(1I PdCTBopeHe ,I 1, 0nOH)l.anHe opraH'<I(e MaTepHJe. 113 Tora ce
BPWH y I( OMOPY 11. -
8pJlo je Ba)l(110 )l.a oBaj Te'lHH nojac 6YAe WTO AY)l(e BpaMeHa npO>KHM,V,H
HHqHl!.lHpaHHM 4eCTH!.laMa, hoje ce OTlulAaJY ca AHa H HoweHe racoBHMa
HaBHllle, )l.OBpWaBaJY npe4HIll1;aBal-be (pasnarafbe) HajcHTHHJHX )l.eJlHha cjJekamtja.
OOTnYHO OTCT-pal-bel-be TPyJbHBHX 4eCTH!.la OBHM nyreM, 3aXTeBanO fiH
Tpajafbe OBor "OHTal,Ta 0)1. 30-50 Aa Ha. Mel)YTHM, oBaj TepMHH He MO>Ke
AohH Y 06SHP HS npa" Tl14HItX pasn@ra, Beh ce y npakcH YSHMa 3HaTHO
M.afbH, CBera 24 -caTa, na H Mafbe, "ao 3aAOBOJbaBaJy11H.
)J.aJbe ce npe4;1WhaBafbe paAHJe nOBepaBa eqlHKacHHjeM Ha'lllHY Ha
61'10nOWKHM (PI1J1TpHMa.
)J.yro sa)l.p)l(aBafbe (jJel(aJlHja y CenTHI(y He caMO WTO HSHcKyje Behe
)l.HMeHSHJe 11 Behe >ISAaTI(e sa H3rpa)l.fbY, Hero YTH4e 11 Ha I<pajfbH HCXOA
npe4HwhaBafba.
3a MaJle HHCTana!.lHje y3HMa ce HeWTO )l.Y)I(e BpeMe 6aBJbefba H TO OKO
2 AO 3 AaHa I(ao !.lenHcxoAHO.
Tanor ce OCTaBJba Ayro y CenrHI(Y )1.0, 180 AaHa, )l.a 6H )l.06po
npeBpeo H lllTO BHwe ,CMafbHO CBojy
a) /{oHcmpYK1Juja cenmUKa
je CenTHI(a AOCTa je)l.HOCTaBHa, 6Hno Aa je tleTBopoyrnor
HnH I<py)l(Hor npeCel(a, a H3paljYJe ce OA oneKe HnH Oil 5eTOHa. 113pdlla Mopa
6HTH Tal, Ba lIa 5Y)l.e nomYHo HenponycTJbHB ,3a BOilY, Te yHyTpawfbe nOBp-
WHHe Mopajy 6HTH OManTepHcaHe !.leMeHTHHM ManTepOM H yrna4aHe.
Y nOABOIIHHM 3eMJb;IWTHMa
Tpe6a npeTXOAHO ca CBHX CTpaHa
OhO jaMe cnoj HJlOBa4e
Ae5JbHHe 20 110 30 CM.
JaMa MO)l(e 5HTH saCBelle}la
HJIH nOhpHBeHa apMHpaHoM
5eToHchoM nn040M.
113Ha)l. ropfbe nOBpllll1He j aMe
Mopa ce OCTaBl1TH CJlO) SeMJbe Haj-
Mafbe 0,5 M. BHCl1He pet)l.H 3alllTHTe
Oil yrH!.laJa.
Operp" Ae " OMopa
Tpe6a Aa H"J\BHCYJY BO)l.y aa 15
)1. 0 20 CM. HJIH etl, O HAy )1.0 caMe
0JI04e, OH)l.a Tpe6a OCTaBHTH OTBope
Ha nperpa)l.CL\la 113HaA Hl1Boa BOAe.
Cn060llaH Mel)ynpocTop H3-
Meljy HHBoa BOlle H HOI, pHBHe emma 211 - I1cnYCHH OTDOP
nn04e MOpa 6HTH HajMafbe 50 CM.
HarOMHJI"BaHH ce raCOBH H3 OBor MeljynpocTopa OIlBOlle OTBope Ha 1I0BOilHOj
!.leBH, HnH MO)l(e HMaTH OTl10pe Ha caMOM 604HOM SHAY JaMe, l1nH Ha nJIO'll1.
OBO je Hap04HTO nOBOJbHO ahO je jaMa y 6nH3HHH 3rpalle, Te ce O)l.YWHa !.leB
MO)!(e 113BeeTl1 y3 srpaJly )1.0 H3Ha)l. KpOBa.
C ropfbe CTpaHe CBaKe KOMope OCTaBJb8 ce OTBOP 3a tlHw11efbe, BenH-
tll1He 50 CM. Y KB<I)l.paTY I1nl1 y npeQHI1I(Y. CaCTaB nOI(JIooua 11 ne)l(l1lllTa
13
195
OTBopa Tpe6a 3anHTH aC<jJanTOM, .l\a HC 6H npona311nH raCOBH. A.}<o jc OTBOP
H3Ha.l\ npcrpal\c .l\Bcjy l,OMopa, MO)KC CC KOM6HlJl1paTH TaJ<O I\a JC.l\aH OTBOP
3a lIHurnCIbC 3a 06al\BC l( OMOPC H OHAa cc Mopa CTaBHTH CHMCTPHliHO
H3HaA npcrpaAC.
4HJJJtiClbC Tanora J<pO? OTBOPC MO)!(C 6HTH AHPCl(THO nOhlol1y UpnI C
HnH CC Tanor MO)l{C HcnYWTaTH y no.l\ B 0 j C H Y KOhl 0 P Y KP03 HapollHry
UCB 3a Tanor GJI. 21 I. JtlcnycHa UCB
3a Tanor MO)l{C cc nOCTaBHTH Aa je.l\-
HHM l<pajcM AOnIlPC AO .l\Ha Tano-
)KHHJ<a, a I\pyrH joj je J<paj nOBrijeH
HaBHWC, H npoBYlicH y J(OMOPY 3a
cywelbc Tanora. BH.l\H cn. 217. Ta-
nor cc BaAH HanOJhC l<aA 6YAe AO-
BOJhHO npocyweH. Ha HcnycHoM
l( pajy ueBH Hana31" cc 3aTBapa' l ca
BHCOKOM WHnI<OM 3a oTBapaFbc. KaAa
ce 3aTBapali OTBOPH, Tanor cc nOA
npl1TI1CI{OM roptber cnoja BOAC H3nl1jc
y TanO)I<HY l <OlllOpy 3a cywclbe .
_ J-
I
3a BpeMC HcnYWTalba Tanora,
Tpc6a CTanHO .l\onMBaTH BOAy y jaMY,
.l\a ce He 611 nopCMCTHO HMBO I(ope
Ha nOBpwHHH.
Cmma 212- ,I:\cTalL 0611QHIIX ynlloa y jaMY YmlBalbe BOAC y jaMy Tpc6a
06e36cI\HTH I\a CC He 3a'lCnM O.l\ nnH-
Bajyl1HX AenOBa. Y Ty ce CBpXy 01(0 OTBopa ymlBa HanpaBH 3aWTHTHCl npe-
rpa.l\Hl.\a OA 6CTOHa onYliaCTor MnH npaBor 06mlKa cn. 212 H TO HajMalbe 0,5 M.
nOTOnJhCHa y BOAY, a 113H.!ill-J30.l\C- 3a 15-20 CM.
JOW 60Jhe jc ynHBalbe H3BCCTH nOMohy KcpaMHlIHHx (paaoHc\<Hx ACflOBa:
npoCTc nyliHe pa'lB I1flH nOMol1y l( aCl<allHOr nyl<a. Cn- 213 . .IJ:OIbHM jc
CnHI(a 2\3 - DOlLl! HaqHII
ynHBa
CnIlKa 214 - lloTonlLCH npcnllB IIJHI
113mIB 113 ja"te
KpajcM ueB nOTOnJheHa y BOAY 3a 50-70 CM., a roplbH cn060AHH OTBOp Ha
pallBH HnH Ha nyl<y cnY)!(H 3a O.l\BOA raCOBa. KOTY ynHBa Tpc6a Ap)!(aTH 5-1 0
CM. H3HaA HHBoa BOAe.
I1CTO OBO BamH 3.a CBC npenHBe H3 jC.l\HC I<OMOPC Y.l\pyry H 3a KpajlbH
cn. 214. OBO JC JCllaH Bpno Ba)KaH I<OHCTPYJ<THBHH ACT3Jh ccnrHJ<a,
JCP HlIIa BHweCTpYJ<Y <PYHI(I.\HJY
196
OCI1M TOra WTO 05ea6et)yje ymm 0)1 3aQenJbelD8,
KaO xWApaYJll1'lHH aaTBapaq npOHIB npHnaaa Ba3)1yxa, 3a'I'HM
Y36YPl(aBaiM BOlle 11 Ba3AYWHHX MexypOBa, lllTB 6H
YTl1l.(ano Ha p3A aHaep06a .
Ha MecTy npemlBa jeAHe I<OMope Y APyry, He caMO lllTO ce P'J
H3Jl1iTH nmlBajyhe MaTepHje, Hero ee I(poa nOTonJbeHH Aeo MO)Re
JlIlBaTH caMO Te'lHH Aeo Ha6HeTpeHe BOAe ea paCTBOpeHHM H KOJlOa..
)1anHHM
Y ll!1JbY TPOWI(OBa, MO)I(e ee yMeeTo npenHBHHX OCTa-
BI1TH OTBOpl1 Y nperpaAaMa, BenH'HlJ-le 20 x 25 eM. Ba BHCHHH npeJ<o Rono-
BI1He, MepeHO OA AHa HaBI1We. BHAH en. 226 Hen. 228.
6) OopefjueG/be 3anpe.MuHe CenmUKG
3a YMepeBY Cpe.LHbY nOTpowfuY BOAe OA 100 nHT. Ha AaH H maBY a
Tpaj afue npOTHl(afua I(P03 TanO)l(HtII( 24 eaT2, npoTollHH Aeo eenTHJ<a
Mopal1e HeTO TaI(O Aa HMa 3anpeA\HHy Ha 6a3H 100 nHT. Ha AaH H rnaBy.
l{oHallHa Benl1l1l1Ha 3anpeMHHe no jeAHoM cTaHoBHHI<Y A06Hl1e ce Ha
oeHoBY cneAehHx nOAaTaKa no I{JbYHKOBy:
OprmICI(HX MaTepHj a 61111e y Tanory 70%.
AI(o je TpYJbel-be opraHCI(I1X MaTep"ja y nOlleTl<Y 611no 0 a AOl(HHje
Aowno AO 50%. MO)I(e ee yaeTH npoeelmo 25%.
Y TanO)I<HHI(y ee 3Mp)l(aBa Ha AaH 11 rnaBY 01(0 40 rp. Tanora (y CYBO).
BOAe y Tanory 11Ma OA 90% AO 100% HnH npoeellHo 95%.
BpeMe npeBl1palM y eenTHI(Y Y3HMa ee 180 AaHa.
Cnel.(l1(pH'IHa Te)I(I1Ha eYBor Tanora je 1,2.
Ha oeHoBY OBI1X nOAaTal(a A06Hl1e ee Ha J(aH II rnaBy:
I . YI(ynHa !(Onl1'1I1Ha OpraHC!(IIX MaTepllja y Tanory = 40 x O,70 = 28 rp.
2. 1{0nl1'uma TpyJbHBI1X opraHCl{IIX MaTepHja = 28xO,26 = 7 "
3. npeocTaje opraBCI(l1X MaTepHja = 28-=-7 = 21 "
4. 1{0JllIll HBa lleOpraHCI\HX MaTepHja = 40-28 ... 12 "
5. 1{0nl1lJl1Ha cyBHX MaTepHja (Te)I<HHa) = 21+12 =33 i,
6. cyBor Aena y BOAH = 33 : 1,2 = 27,5"
7. 3anpeMI1Ha Tanora npH 95% BOAe 6Hlie:
27,5 x 100 = 055nHT.
(100-95) x 1000 '
8. 3anpeMHBa Tanora npl1 6aBJbefuY OA 180 AaBa = 0,55 X 180 - 99
ol(pyrno 100 nHT.
Anu ce npHnH!(QM 'Illw1iefua Tanora OeTaBJba 01(0 20% !(ao Maja 3a
Bpefbe Tanora , WTO lie H3HOel1TI1 01(020 nHTapa, OHAa lie:
9. 3anpeMflHa TanO)l(HOr Aena 6HTH = 100 + 20 = 120 mlTapa.
10. I{opa ee Ae6JbHHe 01(0 60 eM. a max. 1,00 M. WTO 3Hall)!
60 nl1T. Ha 100 JlIH. npOTel(ne BOAe. OHAa he YI(ynHa 3anpeMHHa eenTHKa
Y3eTa no jel\HoM cTaHoBHHI<y l1aHOCI1TII:
V = 100 + ) 20 + 60 = 280 nHTapa Ha rnaBy'lInH 2,8 AHeBHor pacxoAa.
197
npeMa TOMe 3a 3anpeMMHe cenTMKa Y3HMa ce o"PYfJlO
300 JIHT. Ha rnaBY. 3a Malbe IIHCTanauHje MO)l(e ce Y3eTIi 11 400 nl1T.
Ha rnaBY.
CenTI1UI1 nona3e Y 06311P 3a' [(anaUI1TeT onTepelielba 011 250 Jbynl1, a
HajBI.fWe 500. 3a Belie ypel)aje YBOlie ce Ilpyrl1 CI1CTeMI1. Ha np. Tl1n jaMa
no EMwepa.
6) Ynymcm8a Koil npUMeHe cenmUKa
l{alla cy rOTOBM CBM rpal)eBMHCl<M pallOBM a ueo 113BelieH TaQRO
no nnaHY, nOTpe6Ho je 06aBlITM jow cnellelie:
1. Y B e p 11 T 11 C C Y Han p 0 nyc T Jb 11 B 0 C l' jaM e.
2. YBepl1TI1 ce . y I1cnpaBHo (jlYHI( IUI1OHl1calbe CBI1X
llenOBa ](30: ynl1Ba, npenMBa 11 113n11Ba. YI<OJII1KO je HewTO
HeHcnpaBHO H3BeLleHO, I1cnYMnaTI1 Hanl1BeHY Bony n HeLlOCTaTal( OTI{nOHI1TI1.
AI(Q ie CBe I1cnpaBHO H3BellellO, OCTaBI1TI1 BOilY y jaMI1 11 npl1npeMHTH je 3a
ynoTpeoy.
3. Vi 3 B P III 11 T 11 11 H (jl11 U 11 P a Ib e BOll e y jaMH rOTOBHM 3pemiM
TanorOM H3 He](e npyre jaMe. aBO je Bpno nOTpeOHO Ila Oil WTO npe HaCTY-
nl1no MeTaHOBO Bpelbe . Be3, YHOllielba rOTOBe Maje, npHpOLlHHM OH nYTeM
OBO Bpelbe HaCTynHno Tel< I(P03 6 H BHwe MeceUH, a 1l0Tne 61'1 ce npoH3Bo-
Lll1no HenOBOJbHO Imceno Bpelbe. Majy sa BOlle Tpeoa na)KJbHBO
cnycTHTH Ha LlHO jaMe y HajnoBOJbIHliy Bp3HHa pa3BHjatba Bpelba
3aBI1CH OLl Bo/.\e, Koja Tpe6a /.\a 6YLle 01(0 10 C a HajMalbe 60.
4. Y TO]( Y pall a CenTHKa CTanHO Hall r nell a HI H C n p 3 B HOC T
Y n 11 BaH n pen 11 B a. HaxBaTaHY cl(paMY y tbl1Ma CI (I1/.\3T'" CI1T3CTHM
KyTnalJaMa CB,a](OLlHemIO.
5. n OBpeMeHO (cB3l<a 3 Meceua) I( OHTpOJIHCaTli /.\e6JbHHy
]( 0 P e 11 Ll Y 6 H H Y M Y Jb a, J{opa He CMe Lla nop3CTe LlO OTBopa 3a ymm
H npenHBe, a Tanor He CMe Lla HapaCTe H3H3Ll oLlpel)eHe BHCHHe,
a Y311Ma ce 1/3 YI(ynHe BHCl-lHe TanO)l(HOr I\ena .
,J:{a ce yropaH J\e6lb1lH3 Kope, Tpe6a npooIITIl jeJ\3H OTBOP Y I(OP" Ii MaJlO
J\y>KY nalJlqHUY Hero UITO j e urHpIIHa OToopa. ,J:{aW4IlUY nplloC33TIl KOHneM IIJ111 )KllllnM II
nalKJJ, 1I 00 yoyhH Kp03 OTBOp. 360r MMbe CnCUI!(I1II4He TC)I(JiHe J\aC1<3 he IIcnnlloaTIi H3BIIwe
J\O IlcnOJ\ Kope, 3 no I<OHUY ce MO)l(e OJ\Mep>lTH ne61b>lHa.
3a 0J\peljlm3lbe J\eGlbHlle My!h3 cnYCTH ce Kp03 OTBOP Y KOp" 0 KOIIUY 06eWCH3
l<eCHU3 ca necKOM I1J1H CJlIIQIlIlM npellMeTOM, I<oj" TOHe 1I0K He J\onpe J\O rycTor T3nora.
JIaraHl1M nOTe331bCM KOIIUa 113Bliwe Ii cnYWT31beM H3HH>I<e MO)l(e ce no Jl36aBOCTII I(OHua
OJ\peJ\IITH p30aH Mylba.
6. Yl<ommo ce ycneLl I(OHUeHTpauHie cjlel(3mija I'Inll nower pal\a cen-
TI1I(a YTBPLlH. Lla j?MY Tpe6a lJHCTHTI1, npHcTyna Ce OI\Max TOM rrocny. ViHalJe
Ba)l(H cnellelie ynyTcTBo:
4 H W li e Ib eTa nor a H I< 0 P e Haj60Jbe je BplllHTH I\Ba nyTa rOI\M-
IlIlbe no Moryt;CTBy y )eCeH H nponelie H TO Y l\aHe HajMalber p3cxOlla BOlle.
Vi36alJeHll MaTepHjan ynoTpe611TI1 I{ao mojl1BO 3aTpnaBajyliH ra y 6p33Lle
no rpaLl HHaMa I1ml 0l\B03111'I1 Ha MeCTO /.\enOFll1je.
Pal\H KOHl'pOne palla 11 Y311hlalba nOLlaTal{a y CBpxy IICn11TIIBalb3, npe-o
nopYlJyie ce Mepelbe H36a'leHOr MaTepl1jana y Ol\peljellHM CYLlOBliMa BenHllIHle
01(0 0,40 M
S
3anpeMHHe.
He 3afiopaBI1TH Lla ce npl1 '1HllIlielbY Tpe6a OCTaBHTH y jaMH OKO 20%
Tanora I<ao Majy 3a HH(jlI1Ulipalbe CBe)l(e Bo.o.e.
198
7. H36eraBaTH nOJ:\BOJ:\Ha 3eMJbHWTa, He Cl\MO 360r Te>Ker a
113BOljefba, Beli 11 360r XJlatjefba cennn<a OA nOA3eMHe BOAe.
8. l{opy Tpe6a BHJlaMa HceliH y KOMaAe H BaAHTH
JlOnaTaMa.
9. nOWTO ce I(opa YKJlOHH, TaJlOr ce HcnYCTH, aJlH,l\3 ee He 6H 1rnlmrMlill
cBa BOJ:\a , 60Jbe je npeTXOJ:\HO HcnycTHTH BHW3/( BOAe Y noeJleAl-bY
2) 3aKJbY'WK 0 113paOll cenmllKa
CennillH cnaJ:\a jy y jeJ:\ HocTaBHa H norOAHa nOCTpojefba, anH ea orpa-
HH4eHHM l<anallHTeTOM. norOJ:\ HH cy 3a Mafbe !{OJlH4HHe OTnaJ:\He BOJ:\e, aJiH
lbHXOBa 3anpeMHHa He CMe 6HTH Mafba OA 3 M3 6e3 063Hpa IJa 6poj oc06a.
EI(cnJloaTaUl1ja je nal<a, a <jJYHI<UHDHHcal-be je J:\DCTa nDCTojarlO H
cHrypHD. "" .
Pe3YJlTaT Ilpe4HllihaBal-ba je 3!\J:\oBOJbaBajyim, nDlllTD ce y I-bHMa Y
3HaTHDj MepH eIlHMHHHlllY OpraHCI<H DTnaTIlH. Tal(D ce 11CTD nOCTH)I(e H YHH-
lllTaBafbe naToreHHX 6al(TepHja HJlH cBotjefbe I-bHXOBOr .npHcycTBa Ha Haj-
Mal-bY Mepy.
Y cennfl< Ce HecMejy YBOJ:\HTH I<HlllHHlla HHTH HHJ:\ycTpHcJ<e cnJla'IHHe
ca IllI(DJ:\JbHBHM H DTpDBHHM cacTojllHMa.
Belie I(Dml4HHe BDAe DJ:\ npal-ba H YMHBal-ba 60Jbe je yBoAHTH y
I(OMDPY II.
Y I<OMDpll I II MD)I(e ce BPWHTH Ae3HH<jJe1(1lHja BDAe, al(D je TD nOTpe6HD,
npe lbeHDr HSJlllBarba H3 j aMe .
n DpeJ:\ A06pl1l< cTpaHa CenTHIlH HMajy H CBDjHX HeADCTaTaKa H npHrD-
Bopa. l{aD Haj036HJbHHjH HeADCTaTal( cMaTpa ce OI(OIlHDCT, Aa CBe)l(e <jJel(aIlHe
BOAe I(oje npHTH4Y y jaMY, HHCY HH4HM DAeJbeHe DA Beli HaTPYIIor TaIlDra,
"pC ce DJ:\Max ca OBHM Mewajy H nOTOM ce J:\yrD 3aAp)l(aBajy Y CenTHI(Y.
H3 DBor npDHcTM4y J:\Be 1ie3rOJ:\e: npBa je He3roAa lllTO I-bHXOBO npoTH-
tWIbe peMeTH npollec TpYJbea,a y J:\OfbHM CJIojeBHMa; J:\pyra je He3rOJ:\a lllTO
ce cse)l(e BOAe OAMaX HH<jJHUH.pajy, TC fbHXOB H3J1HB Y KOMOPY I [ CaAp)l(H
AOCTa TPYJbHBHX MaTepHja Tal(O, J:\a je BOJ:\a Ha H3I1HBY H3 cenTHJ<a MyTHa
H HMa MHpHC cYMnopBDJ:\oHHJ<a. Tal(otje ce cMaTpa I(ao HeAoCTaTaJ< llITD lie
H36a4eH npeBpeo TaIlor H nopeA Hajna)l(]J;HBHjer nocTyrn<a, 'YBel( caAp)l(aTH
3HaTaH npolleHaT TpYIbHBe BOAe. .
TqKO HCTD oApeljHBal-be 3anpeMHHe cennlJ(a Ha 6asH Tpajal-ba npoTH-
<jJeKaIlHe BOAe I(P03 CenTHI( 3a BpeMe OJ:\ 24 4aca, MD)I(e I(OA MafbHX
ypelja j a npOy3pol<opan HenOBOJbHe npollece Tj BHllle lie 6H'fH I(HCenDr Bpel-ba
Hero MeTaHOBor, nOlllTO DCTajeMaIla3anpeMHHa3aTaIlor.a !{3,l\ ce OH
M3BaAH HHje AOBOJbHO npeBpeo.
58. nOABojeHH - EMwepoBe jaMe
a) OnlUma HanOAfeHa
.ua 6H ce OTI(JIOHHIIe l;Ie3roAHe cTpaHe CenTHl(a, J<HHcTpYHcaHo je Tal{BO
nocTpojefbe, I{ OJ:\ Kora lie ce Motm MexaHH41<HM nYTeM Aa H3ABOjH TaIlDr y
Haj l<palieM BpeMeHY, H CTaIlD)I(11 Ha AHO jaMe, a H36HcTpeHa BO,l(a lllTO npe Aa
ee YJ:\aJbl-1 H3BaH TaIlO)l(HI1I(a, npe f\ero lllTO 6H CTHrIla Aa ee
TpYIIe)I(OM.
199
,il.pynlM pelJHMa cylllHlHa OBOr. CHC'reh'a je y 0 II P )/( a B a Ii> y H.3 6 H-
C'rpeHe Bone y lIlTO CBC)I(HJeM CTaIi>Y, a caMO H3nBOleHH
'I' a nor 3 a 1\ p )1( a l' H n y )I( epa n 11 n p 0 1\ e caB p e Ii> a. QBO ce no-
CTI1)1(e Ha Taj lIlTO ce He n03BonH na nolje no Mewafua CBe)l(e npH.l\Olllne
cjJeJ(anHe Bone ca OHOM HaTpynoM y TpymIWTY, TaJ(O na cy OBe ABe $a3e
w3611CTpallaJ-bC - TanO)l(efue 14 TpYJbefue, Ha HelOI HalJHH
OlleJbCHe.
npeMa TOMe EMwcpOBe jaMe cy Tal(8H ypeljajw Kon KOjHX .nocToje
nonBojcHa ).{ena: l' a n 0)1( H H I( 11 'I' P Y n H W l' e. TanO)/{HWI( Je y ropli>Qj
30HH a TpynHlIlTe y nofuO j 30HW. Ha cn. 215 npWI(a3aH je Twn EM III e p 0 B e
II!
,-
--1"1-
-.11--1-
.\
!-
tll)
J
\

\
\

,
CnHKa 215 - Tlin j aMc .. EMwep"
Cmma 216 - }!{Jbe6 TanO>KHHl\C
jaM e. OBal<Be j aMc MaJ-bcr KanaUHTeTa 06HlJHO ce rpane l<py)l(Hor npeCel(a,
a Belie ,n06Hjajy lleTBopoyraoHH 06nl1l(' 3a cacBWM Mane WHCTanauwje
nocToje rO'rOBH CTaHnapn-THIlOBI1. Cn. 2!8.
6) TOK paiJa EAfUlepoBe jaAfe
TanO)l(HI1K ce caCTojl1 H3 jenHor ]{Opl1TaCTor )l{Jbe6a ca npope30M y nHy.
CBe)I;a nocnena npJballa BOna YBO/l11 ce Y TanO)l(HH )1(Jbe.6 no I(OMe TellC nonal{O
6P31'IHOM on 1 3a TO BpeMC HepaCTBopeHH llBpCTH AenOBH q)el(anwja
l(nl13e no CTpMI1M CTpaHaMa )I(Jbe6a I(a nHY, nOl( l<p03 pa3pe3 He HanycTe
](IlPHTO 11 He npeljy . y nOfuH Aeo jaMe - y l' P Y n H W l' e, a npl1AOwna
BOAa ocn060ljeFla Tanora, ce Ha npyroj cTpaHH I(OpHTa. _
Y Tpynl1UlTy ce 06aBJbajy npouecH Bpefua ](ao FI y 06HlJHOM cenTl1l(Y. '
npope3 y TanO)f(1I0M )1(Jbe6y Tpe6a Ta"o 113BeCTI1, Aa ce oHeMorykw Aa
y fuera nponl1py Aemlk l1 HaTpynor Tanora ](OjH ce oTHI1Aejy ca AHa TpymllllTa
H cTpyje 1I0Welil1 MexypHkHMa racOBa HaXOaTaHHJII 0](0 3pHaua
pa3Ap05JbeHHX (j>eKaJll1 ja.
3aTO ce nOful1 )I(Jbe6a Mopajy npel(nanaTH npell O APyrora
HajMafbe 5 eM., Bl1nl1 cn. 216.
200
npope3 He CMe na 6yne y3<1H, na ce NO 6n CnnO)l(eHn
naBanll 11 Til Me ycnopaBanll H36HCTpaBatbe H 113a3Hnann
TaKO, na 611 Morno na nolj e no Tora, na BOAa y IIIl1JTM,ua, ... v
)KJbe6 nOHece HepaCTBOpeHe opraHCJ<e nenOBe cnoc06He na Tpyne.
WHpl,ma npope3a Y3HMa ce CTora lIajMatbe 10-12 CM
.D.a 61'1 ce nal( llBpCTH AeJlOBH qlel<amlja 6e3 3anp)l{aB3tba n WTI1
ynaJbHne TanO)l(Hor )I(Jbe6a, Mopajy ce l-berOBe crpaHe Ap)l(aTn nOBOJLHO
3al' 011lelie 01(0 60
0
. OBe I(JltI3He CTPMC nOBpwllHe Tpe6a j011l OMaJlTCpHcam
ueMeHTIHIM MaJlTepOM H n06po
Ha oBaj ce Ha'll'1H BOna y )I(Jbe6y AO CBo r 113mma OAP)J(f1 y CBC)I{eM CTa-
J-by. MacHe llecTHue YKOJ1l11(0 1I11CY 6Hne J\OBOJbIlO H3ABojeHe y l(yHHHM
npHjeMHHuHMa, nJltlBajylm no nOBp11l11HH BOne y >liJbe6y, npoljy liel!3MelbeHe
H3BaH jaMe.
OBO HMa BenHI(H 3Ha'laj 3a naJbe cTyntbeBe npe
l
lH1llhaBatba H nperCTaBJba
Bemmo npeHMyl1cTBo HaA jaMaMa cKynlior THna.
CTano)J(eHe MaTepHje y TpymlwTy npeTpne ABojaJ(e MeHe : jeAHa je Mella
Me x a H H 'I J( e n pH P 0 A e a A p Y r,a 6 H 0 - x eM H C I( e.
MeXaIiHllI(O ce nejcTBo cacTojH y TOMe, 11ITO ce CBe)KH Tanor J(OjH caApiKH
95-97,5% BOAe. nOA ynlLlajeM ca6Hjatba I<a AHY, ocn06alja Aena BOAe.
EI1o-xeMHclul npouecH pa3naratba npH AyroM 6aBJbetby Metbajy CTPYI(-
Typy Tanora H ocn06aijajy TaKoije neo xeMHCJ(e BOAe.
Ha np.: Tanor nocne 120 Aatia 6aBJbetba npH 10
0
C TeMnepaType
Canp)I(H 85-90% BOAe, 11ITO OnrOBapa 10-15% 4BPCTHX MaTepHja HacnpaM
5% HCTHX MaTepHja y CBe)l<oj (jJeKaJltlOj BOAH.
AHanOfilO TOMe H AejCTBOM TpyJbelba ce CMatbyje Tanora 3a
01(9 2-3 nyTa.
Y TpynH11ITy ce 36HBajy CBH npouecl1 pa3naralba Kao 11 y CeDTHKY ca
pa3nHI(OM y TOMe, lIJTO y EM11IepOBHM jaMaMa npeoBnaijyje MeT a HOB 0-
6 a 3 Ii 0 B P e tb e, Te je Tanor H3 OBaI(BOr TpynHlllTa n p e B p e 0, M P l( e
j e 6 0 j e, 6 e 3 M H P H C a Hac y M n 0 p - BOA 0 H H 1(, Beft HMa MHpHC
Haropene ryMe I1nl1 CMone. .
J1aKe MaTepHje J(oje Hcnn'ilBaBajy 06pa3yjy KOPY 113BaH TaJlO)l(HOr
)l(Jbe6a . YI(OnHKO ce y caMOM )l{Jbe6y (jJopMHpa Cl(paMaCTa neHa, Tpe6a je
nOBpeMeHO CI(HAaTI1. OrJleA?nO ((ope (nOBp11lHHa) He CMe 611T11 Matba OA 30%
OA uene nOBp11lHHe jaMe. 113HaA Hl-lBoa Kope Mopa 611TI1 cn060AaH npocTop
y BHCHHI1 40- 50 CM.
YcneA CTaJlHOr cTpyjal-ba CIHHHX lieCTl111a Tanora OA AHa Ka nOBpll.ll1Hn
11 06paTHO CTanO)KeHH ce MaTep"jan paBHOMeptlO pacnoAenl1 no lien oj nOBp-
11IHHH TpynHlllTa. 113 I1CTI1X ce pa3J10ra 06pa3yje jeAaH HeyTpaJlHl'I .CJJoj 0)(
50 CM. AeOJbHHe pa4YHaTO 0)( nOl'be HBl1ue TanO)l{Hor )I(Jbe6a na)(o roptbe
Tanora.
6) nOiJalJU '3a KOHcmpYKlJujy EAlUleP08UX jaAfG
.D.y6HHa TanO)l(HOr )l(Jbe6a lie CMe 6HTH hlatba on je)(HOr MeTpa - I ,!l0 M.
HH I(on HajMatbl1X I1IiCTaJl3UHja. Benl1'1l1lia )l(Jbe6a 11 tberosa 3anpeMli Ha
Y3HMa ce Ha 6a3H max. ]{On1l4Hlie npOTel(ne BOne y I 'lacy, UlTO YCTBapl1
03Ha4aBa H BpeMe TanO)l(etba. Y npal<CII ce y3HMa 3a l<anallHTeT 0)(:
250 oc06a BpeMe npOTl1uatba BOAe Kp03 )l{Jbe6 2 4aca
1000" " I, 'lac a
npel(o 1000 " I 'lac
201
CMaTpa Aa fberOBa 3anpeMHHa He CMe 6HTK Mafba OA 250 1IHTapa
(0,25 M
3
), 6e3 06sHpa Ha palJYH. Ha np.: 3a 10011. Ha AaH H rnaBY Y3HMa
ce Kao lJaCOBHH npl111HB 10% ilHeBHe palJYHaTe K01lHlJHHe.
XOPl130HT mlBoa BOlle y )I(Jbe6y Tpe6a ,llp)l(aTH HH)I(e O,ll KOTe ,llOBO,llHe
l\eBH 2 O,ll 3 CM. BHlIIe He 6H BaJbano, jep y36ypKaBa BO,llY CTBa-
pajylHI BpT1Ior, I(OjH npoTepyje Cailp)l(HHY "P03 npope3 y )I(Jbe6y npe Hero
WTO OHa CTHrHe ila ce H36HCTpH.
r 1l06amIO (opHjeHTal\HOHO) OilpeljHBafbe Be1lHlJHHe, O,llHOCHO yKynHe
3anpeMHHe, l\e1le j aMe, BPWH ce no je,llI1HHl\11 3anpeMHHe a npeMa 6pojy
CTaHOBfll1l<a y 3rpa,llH.
Y 063Hp ce Mopa y3eTH H I<RHMa ilOTHlJHOr MeCTa, jep YK01lHI<0 je
BHwa; YT01lHl(0 ce 6plKe pa3MHOll(aBajy aHaep06He 6aKTepHje 11
11 6pll(e ce 11 CHa)l(HHje pa3BHjajy npoueCH pa311arafba y jaMH.
Ha TOj 6a3H cy AaTH ilOfbH nOilal\H H TO: y npBoj 1{01l0HH cy Be1lHlJHHe
3a X1IailHe 0611aCTI1, a y ilPyroj K01l0HH sa Hawy npOCelJHy yMepeHy 1(1IHMY
ca O,llrOBapajYlJOM TeMnepaTYPOM 3a pail jaMe O,ll 12_15 C.
3a 6poj CTaHOBHHI(a ,ll0 250
O,ll 250 ,llo 1000
,,1000 " 2000
npel(o 2000
3a XJla,llHe
06Jlacnl
100 miT.
90
80
75
3a yMepel-ly
J{JlHMy
85 JlHT.
76
68
63
3a EMwepoBe jaMe Ma1l0r 0611Ma Tpe6a palJYHaTI1 y CBal<OM c1Iyllajy
HajMafbe ca 100 1IHT. Ha r1l aBy 'ca ilO,llaTI(OM 25% a1(0 ce Ta1l0r Ba,llH ,llBa
nyTa 11 25% 360r HepaBHoMepHOCTI1 Ca,llp' I(lme opraHCI(J1X cacTojal(a
y omailHoj BO,llH. ,Qeo TpY1II1WTa
palJYHa ee ea 0,25 11111'. npl111HBa
Ha ,llaH H rJlaBY aJlI1 aHa He Tpe6a
,lla je Mafbe O,ll 1000 JlI1T. 6e3 06-
Ha palJYH. TpYJlHWTe Tpe6a
,lla HMa 3al<OWeHO ,llHO ca CTpMHM
CTpaHlH-laMa O,ll 45, a 3a
Be1l11"e jaMe MOll(e ce yseTI1 30.
Bat)el-be TaJlOra Haj60Jbe je
BpWI1TI1 nOMohy HenycHe l\eBI1 3a
T3Jlor, C1I. 217, Ha 1(0jH ce HalJHH
He peMeTH pa,ll y TpymlwTy. Y
HCTOM l\HJbY He 3a60paBHTH Ha
O,llp'l(aBafbe CTamlOr ,llomlBafba
BO.ue y j aMy. npelJHHI( TaJlQ)I(He
ueBH Tpe6a Aa je HajMalt.e 150
-200 MM.
3a L1Cl'I1CI(HBafbe AlyJba no-
217 - BneOK" HenyeT 3a Tanor Mohy c1I0ja BO,lle, C1'aTI1-
'!l( 11 npHTHCal( He CMe 611TI1 Mafbl1
O,ll 1,5 palJYHajyliH O,ll HHBoa XOpH30llTa Bolte, ,ll0 cpe,llHHe I1cnyeTa. 3a
11cnyeHo rp1l0 ueBH I(oje Jlel l(H npH ,llHy Tpy1l11WTa, Tpe6a oeTaBHTH C1l060,llHY
nOBpwHHy 01(0 35/35 eM.
HajBeha je Ta1l0ra y npoJlehe Hal(ynJbeHOr npeKo a
ycneil nOBehafba l{
y
liHHX BOila y np01lehe, HacTaje I-IHTeH311BHlije
Bpel be Ta1l0ra 14 nOjallano 113ABajafbe raCOBa.
202
nOBell.1M je npHMeheRO H Y cllyqajv lUI ce ropILH KHCeo
unjoM) H nOlhH Ga3HH nOMemajy. Te HaCTaje peaKullja HSMeljy '_"a __ .a-_
ya GypHO n3naajalhe raCOBa . Kojn BYKY 3acoGoM qeCTHue Tallora ca AHa.
Y TaKBHM cnY'IajeBHAla TpeGa lIcnYCTHTH neo Tallora IInA pacXJIB,l\Hl'll
nonaaehy aOIlY.
3a MaJle WHCl'aJlaUl"je, a HapOllWTO Y TonJlllje ll06a, 60Jbe je
HcnYWTaTl-1 CBa!<or MeCel.\a I(P03 IIcnYCHY ueB, a npll TOllle na311TH Ita ce
BOlle Y jaMw He CMal-bll.
H anOAfelW. He ll03BOJlIITII Ila TeMnepal'ypa BOlle 6YIle MaH>a Oil 6
0
C.
Y XJI?llHHjl1M 06J1aCl'11Ma npll6eraBa ce IIHCTaJiaUlljaMa y 3arpejaHHM rrpo-

,UoBollHe ueBH 06e36ellllTw Oll HHqlllllTpaUMje nOll3eMHe BOlle.
Vl36eraBam Y'(OnaBal-be y rrOIlBOIlHe TepeHe 360r yTIIl.\aja XJlallHolie IIJ1H
IIX Y TaKBHM cJlYllajeBHMa W30JlOBani npOTHB XJlallHofie.
CTporo BOllHTH pa'lyHa lla Ha Hel(II HallHH He Ilonpy y jaMy OTpOBHe
MaTepHje, I(oje 611 3aycTaBHne 6J.i0xeMHcKe npouece.
z) OOAuKe EmuJepo8uX jaMa
1. C e nTH 'I I( e jaM e T H n a E AI Ul e p no C B 0 j I( 0 H C l' P Y 1<_
U II .i H C Y c n 0 )1( e II II j e 0 II 0 6 W 'I H II X C e n l' II I( a a n II C Y j e B-
l' H H H j e 11 3 pall e.
2. Vl3 n H B H H 3 T a JI O)K H 0 r )1( Jb e 6 a call p )I( e AI a I-b e II 3-
JI e I-b e H y BOll Y J( 0 j a, call p )I( H pac l' BOp e H e H JI II caM 0 Il e-
MOM p a CTBppeHe OpraHCT<e MaTepHje, J(oje ce MHoro
Jlal<Iue llaj y llaJbe npe'lHwfiaBaTH.
3. Vl3nHJ3H cy 6e3 cMpalla 'lal( HII H30a'leHII Tanor
HeMa HPnpHjaTaH MHpllC. 3aTo je oBaj CWCTeM norollall,
a I( 0 AI 0 p all ace W H eTa JI W P a 6 n W 3 Y Hac l' a I-b ell e C p ell II He.
4. QBe ce jaMe rrpenopytfyjy I(ao npaI(TII'IHO pewel-be
y C JI Y II a j e B 11 AI a II 3 0 JI 0 BaH W X caM 0 C l' a n H W X Y P e Ii a i a, n p e
Her 0 w l' 0 6 H ceo Tn a n.H aBO II a - 0 II I-b H X II C n y w Tan a y
C JI 0 Ii 0 II H e p e 'I H e T 0 I( 0 B e H JI W a I( 0 j e n pen B W Ii e H 0 rr 0 T-
n y H 0 n p e'\l W III fi a B a I-b e H a 0 H 0 now I( M M cp H n l' p W M a.
TIpHrOBopH KOjH ce Mory y'lwllwrn OBOM CHCTeMY cacToje ce y cnelleneM:
1. CM"Tpa ce lla ie npeUel-beHO y CBOM 3Ha'lel-bY rnaBHO JbllXOBO rrpell-
MyftcTBO, Ila ce W3JJ11BII Ollp)l(3Bajy y CBe)l(eM (HellHcjlwullpaHOM) CTaJbY.
H?POllWTO I(on jaMa MaJlWX nWMeH311ia lie ycneBll ce y TOMe y "omy-
HOCTW. Y CJlell MaJle 3a npeMWHe )1(Jbe6a He MO)l(e ce 113nefiH rromYllo HeMeUla I-be
TpYJbUBe Bone Cll CBe)l(e npuIIOM3efioM, jep 'IWM ce HOBWM np"JlHBOM nOBena
J(OJJl1l1I1Ha Tanora OHa nOTHCHe BOilY, a ca 1-b0M npOllpy y )I(Jbe6 II 113Becall
lleo TPYJbHBHX nponYI(aTa .
2. l{on MaJlHX THnOBa llY)l(lIHa II llyowHa TanO)l(HOr )l(Jbe6a cpa3MepHo
cy M3J1HX Jll1Metl3Wia, Te nplof]10Ulna BOlla llenOM npolje y HII)I(H neo jaMe npe
Hero ufro npOTelle Kp03 )l(Jbe6 W3BiIH jaMe.
WTO je iaMa Mal-ba CBe ce Bwwe Ollpa)KaBajy OBII HenOCTaUII.
AJ(o ce HeMa Cl-lrypHOCTW n.a fie ce ycneuIHo II Ha BpeMe 113BPW'ITH
W3n.Ba ial-be Tanora, HUO ce 113BeCTaH nponeHaT HepaCTBOpeHI-IX llenOBa 113J1l-1je
W3 ja.\le, OHlla je pan. TaBe jaMe nOUllljll Hero pall 061-1l1HIIX CenTI-II(a, a
Tal(olje W pe3ymaT npellHwl'iaBal-ba cna611jH.
203
0) npUMep npOpa'lYHa eeJZU'lUHa jaJ,fi1 muna "EMwep"
3a npMMep npop8.'lyHa, Y3el1eMo Ali cpa'lyuaMo jaMy 3a nOTpe6e jenHor
tja'll'or MHTepHaTa 3a cMelilTaj 280 Ijal<a. !{ao Mal<CRMaJTHY nOTpOllJl:bY BO}J,e
Y3el1eMo no 120 mIT. Ha AaH M rJl aBy.
n pop a tj y H T P Y JI H lILT a
no jeAHoM nMToMUy Ha AaH Y3el1eMo CpCAlhy Bpe.u;MoCT O}J, H3HOca
TaJlora, I(oja ce I(peli e H3Metjy 0,17 - 0,25 JIIH. T. j. 0,21 JlHT. /AaH.
Baljel-be MyJba y3MMa ce CBal<HX 6 MeceUH OAHOCHO 180 AaHa.
npeMa TOMe 6Mli e:
Q
1
= 0,21 X 180 x 280 = 10584 JlMT./AaH = 10,60 ~
Ha OBY 1<0JlMlIMHY Tpe6a AOAaTI1 01(0 15% Ha 3aAOUl-bel-be Batjel-ba MyJba
(01<0 2 Meceua T. j. 6 + 2 = 8 MeceuM), WTO tie M3HeTM:
Q = 10.60 x 1,15 = 12,20 M3
3a MH<jlMuMpal-be CBe)l(er MyJba OCTaBJba ce YBel( npMJlMI<OM 'lMwl1el-ba
jaMe 20% CaAp)lUIHe MyJba T, j. 3a TOJlHKO ce no::el1 aBa ropl-ba 3anpeMMH_a,
OAHOCIiO:
T. j.
T. j.
204
Q = 12,20 x l ,20 = 14,60 hiS
YOBaj ajy- ce AMMeH3Mje TpynHwTa M TO:
.D.y)l(MHa 3,60 M1
WMpI1Ha 3,00 "
4MCTa BI1CMHa AO 3a l(01lJeHOr Aena 1,00 "
V
1
= 3,60 x 3,00 x 1, 00 = 10,80 M3
3anpeMMHa 3al(OWeIiMX AeJlOBa M3HOCM:
V
2
= 2 [ 3,60 X 1,50 ; 0,70] = 3,78 MS
Yl<ynHa 3anpeMMHa V3 = 10,80 + 3,78
2
.= 14,60 M
S
n p o p a 'l y H l' a JI 0 )I( Ij H I( a
!{OJlHlIMHa HellHCTe BOAe I(oja AOJla3H y jaMy H3HOCl1:
Q
1
= 280 X 120 = 33600 JlHT. /AaH = 33,6 Mll
3aAp)l(aBal-be y TOI<Y npOTHUal-ba Y3eTo je 2 'laca
!{oe<jJHuMeHaT HepaBHoMepHocTIl " ,, 1,5
\113 Tora lie I<OJlHlIMHa npOTOl<a 6HTH:
Q = 33,60 X 2 X 1,5 = 4 20 M3
2 24 '
YCBajajy ce AMMeH3Mje H TO:
.D.Y)l(MHa 3,60 M 1
WMpMHa 1,15 "
.D.y6HHa 1,00 ..
V = 3,60 x 1,16 X 1,00 = 4,14 M
S
f)) 3aKlbY<laK y noa,leoy npuAlwe Cenmij<lKUX jaMa U u360pa CUCllfl
05allBa CHCTeMa CenTH'lIHIX jaMa nOCMa'TpaHH nOCe5HO,
1I05pHX CTpaHa H CBOjHX HeIlOCTaTaKa. y npal<CH HaHJIaae ia
CTpyl<y H nOlljellHal(Y npl1MeHy H jellaH H
IIpyrH CHCTeM, 5aw saTO WTO j .; Hs50p HSMet)y
1-bHX CI(On' laR ca nOI(an HHAI ycnoBHMa.
Y nornCIlY ecpehTa npoueca npeYHwfia
Bal-ba, npeHMyficTBO HMajy hOM5HHOBaHH no
IIBojeHH THna EAlWepOBHX jaMa Hall
05HYHllM CI( ynHl1M HaYHHOM THna cenTHI<,
HapOYHTO al<o ce 11s511 CTpeHa BOlla 11smIBa
y peKy J1nH lIaJbe BOIlI1 Ha 5110nOWI (e cpHnTpe.
MeljyTHM, a1(0 ce IlamlSl1 HcnYWTajy y
TepeH Ra mlUy MecTa y nOHHpyfie 5YHape
HnH ce ynoTpe5JbaBajy sa HaTanal-be, oHlla
cy noroAHHjH 05HYHH cenTHUII. TaKO cy
HCTO aa Mane l(anaUHTeTe jaMa 50llie 05HYRe
CenTHYI<e j aMe Hero EMwepOBe, jep
l(apaKTepIICTI1'IHH AenOBH (Kao TanO)l(HH
)!(Jbe5) 'He AO nyHar HSpa)!(a ja H ecpH-
l(aCHOCTW
l1syaeTaK 'IHHe He1(H cTaHAapA THnOBH
MHHHManHHx rOTOBHX llanpaBa sa HajMal-be
HsonOBaHe rpaljeBHHCKe 05je1(Te. To cy y-
CTBapH MOHTa)I(Re j aMe OA rOTOBHX AenOBa
HSnlmeHHX y 5eToHY, cn. 218.
Y HaCeJbl1Ma sa 1<0 je ce aHa Aa sa AO-
rnellHO BpeMe Hel1e lI05HTH jaBHY l<aHanH- CnHMa 218
sallHjy, Mory ce YBOAHTH jaMe THna EMwep, MOHTIDKfllI cTaHAapA TlUl " EMlIIep"
HHa'le aa Kpal1y ynoTpe6y HHCY peHTa6Hm1H.
,IJ,a1me, Hs50p CHCTeMa SaBI1S)1 Y npBOM peAY OJ{ nOKanHHX ycnoBa a
saTHM OA CTeneHa npe'lHwfiaBal-ba I<oje ce )KenH. rAe ce )KenH caBpweHl'lj)1
pesynTaT, Tj. Aa ce npe'll1ll1l1eHa BOfia MO)!(e OABOAI1Tllcn060J\H0 OTBopeHI1M
I<aHanHMa, 60Jbe je Y:3eTH y 06SHP I<OM6HHoBaHH THn EMlllepOBi KO,!l HH)!(er
cTynl-ba npe'lHwfiaBal-ba BHwe oArOBapa 0611'1aH cenTHK. , /{aAa ce OBa ABa
CHcreMa ynopelle Met)yc06HO, jacHl1je ce BHAe I-bHXOBe paanHKe.
OpeHMyflCTBO CenTHI<a HaA EMlllepOM cacTojH ce y cneAelieM:
1. Bel1a CHrypHocT y cpyHKllHOHHCal-by.
2. Ycne A Ay)!(e r 3all p)l(aBal-ba cpeKanHja y jaMH Ha-
cT a j e jal( o cna6.Jbel-be )K I1BOTHe oTnopHocTH naToreHI1X
' I(n l1 'lla , K oj e Haj aaA y I-beMY yrHHy.
CenTHKa npeMa. EMlllepy cacTojH ce y cneAel1eM:
1. Y l:IS5a'l eHOM T anory HMa cYMnopBoAoHHl<a.
2. l1s0aQeHH Tanor HMa HenpHj.aTaH MHpHC. )I(YTO
C H B e 60 j e 11 I< a wac T e C T P Y K .. T Y P e C a a HaT H H M IT POll e H-
TOM BOA e C n 0 C 0 5 H e s a A a Jb e T p Y Jb e l-b e.
3. Y H S 6 H C T P e H 0 j B 0 ,!l 11 no C n e n pen H BaH e M a
K Ii ceo H H K a.
205
59. OnWTa ynYTcToa 3a ynoTpe6y CenTHQKHX jaMa
Pe'leHO je Aa Tpe6a CTanHO HaArneAaTH HcnpaoHocT paAa CenTH'II(HX
jaMa, a Tal,O HeTO BplllHTH nOBpeMeHa HcnHTHBill-ba e<\lel,Ta
Y Ty CBpXy Tpe6a 1(0HTponHcaTH cne.a.elie nOAaTKe:
I. C T a I-b e K 0 n H -'I H H e BOA e 3 a n p e'l H III Ii a B a Ii> e.
2. TeMnepaTYPY npHAona3etie BOAe.
3. TeMnepaTypy y caMOM TpynHUll'y H '1'0 npH BpXy
Tc:nora H y AHy.
4. l{OJlH'IHHY HepacTBopeHHx MaTepHja npH ynHBy
H nocne oTc'I'oja.
5. BHCHHY 'I'anora.
6. l{ 0 n H lJ H H Y H 36 a lJ e H 0 r Tan 0 r a.
7. AI{TaBHY XeMHCI(Y peaKul1jy HcnYIllTeHor Tanora
(1<41 C e n y H n H 6 a 3 H y). '
Tanor H l-berOBO yAaJbHBal-be H3 j aMe rrpel'CTaBJba Ba)l(aH Aeo y npouecy
, npelJHlllhaBalba.
l{onH'IHHa 'Panora y j aMH Ha AaH H rnaBY Y3HMa ce 1,6 n. ca 97,5%
BOAe. CMal-belbe OBe 1{0nHlJHHe Hrpa rnaBHY ynory y OApeljHBal-bY
TpymllllTa. CMal-bHBaFbe 3anpeMHHe Tanora npOH3Hna3H H3 np0l.\eca Bpel'ba H
pa3naral-ba opraHCKI1X jeAHl-beFba H H3 nojaBe Cl'anHOr 06e3BOAl-baBal-ba
Tanora . Tanor ce npH TOM cTanHO cne)l(e.
3anpeMHHa H3Mel-beHe J(Onl1'1HHe Tanora H3HOCH:
V - V (100 - PI) rAe je: VI = l<pajlDa Tanora
I - Z 100-pz
V z = nO'lel'Ha 3anpeAIHHa Tanora
PI = np0l.\eHaT BOAe y nOlJel'HOM cTynl-by
pz = np0l.\eHaT BOAe y CMal-beHoj J( OnHlJHHH
Tanora
l{omllJHHa KOHa'lHOr H36alJeH0r Tanora A06Hja ce no l{JbYHJ(OBY H3
cneAetiHx nOAaTaJ(a:
I . CYBor Tanora
2. OpraHCI{HX MaTepHja
3. CneUHcpl1lJHa Te)KHHa Tanora
4. YAaJbeHH TaJJOr CaAp)l(l1 BOAe
5. OpraHcKH Aeo npeBpH - HCTpynH 3a
npeMa TOMe Ha AaH H Ha rnaBy 6Htie:
=40
70%
1,2
90%
50%
rp. Ha AaH H rnaBY
I . CYBor l'anora (opraHCKHX MaTepHja
y npeBpeJJOM Tanory) 40 x 0,7 x 0,5 = 14 rp.
2. HeopraHcKe MHHepam-le Mal'epHje
40 x 0,3 = 12 "
CBera Ha I rnaBY H AaH 14 + 12 = 26 rp,
3anpeAUlHa .tie 6HTH 26: 1,2 = 21,7
npH CaAp)l(HHH OA 90% BOAe 3anpeMHHa tie l'anora 6H'I'H:
V = 21,7 x 100 = 0,217 mIT.
IUO -9U X 1000
npeMa pa3HHM ayl'Opl1Ma KOnH'IHHa Tanora Koj a ce YAaJbH H3 TpynHlllTa
H3HOCH OA 0,175 - 0,25 JlInapa Ha rnaBy H AaH.
206
60. 6HOJIOllll(0 npe'lHllIi;as8Ibe \lel(aJIHja
a) EUOAOUlKU if!uAmpu - nepKOAamopu
DHonOUlKH <PIlJITPJ.l 'lIme l\pyry H 3aBpUlI-IY <Pa3Y y npe'lHUll'iaBaIbY
omaAHe BOAe. Ha fuHX ce l\OBOl\H H36HcTpeHa BOl\a H3 EMUlepoBHx j aMa HnH
BOl\a oTcTojaHa y cenTHUHMa. npe4HUll1aBaibe je HCI{Jby4I1BO 6110nOUlhe npH-
pOl\e Ha 6a3H pal\a aep06HHx 6aJ(TepHja, I{oje BpUle OhCHl\aulljy pacTBopeHl1x
opraHCI(HX jel\Hfuefua H l\enOBa, l(oja -nOTOM npeTBapajy y
HeopraHCKa-Ml1HepanHa H cTa6HnHa jel\HfueIM. HajrnaBHHjH je npouec npll
TOMe IHITPI1<p111(aUHja a30THHX OpraHCl( HX jCl\11fuefua y cTa6HnHa jel\l1fuelba
- HIITpaTe. Ha np. an6YMHHOlll\HI1 aMoHl1jaK I(OjH ce jaJlJba Kao npOl\yKaT
opraHCI(HX MaTepl1ja y pacnal\albY pa3nO)I(Hhe ce y:
2 N H3 + 3 O
2
= 2 H N O
2
+ H
2
0
2 H N O
2
+ O
2
= 2 H N 0
3
CTora ORH Tpe6a l\a cy TaKO KOHCTpYl1caHI1 l\a npy)l(ajH norOl\HY nOA-
nory 3a 06pa30Bafue J{onoHHja 6aJ(Tepllja. ,nOUlTO aep06e Y311Majy I(HCeOIH1K
113 Ba3l\yxa H ful1Me -BBUle opraHCl<l1X j eAl1ihelba TO 3a <pI1JITpe
Tpe6a 06e36el\11T11 npl1mlB 06HJba Ba3l\yxa.
Y Ty CBpXy Tpe6a KOHCTpYl1caTH TaKaB ypeljaj y J(OMe He MOHI1 Ba3l\Yx
HeCMeTaHO l\a CTpyjH, ' a l\a ce BOl\a npH T01l1 Cn060l\HO ueAH. 3aTo cy Haj-
nOrOl\HHje lIIynJbHKaCTe
OTYl\a je <pHnTep YCTBapH jel\aH cnoj pacTpecHTor qmmpHpajyher MaTe-
pHjana no 1(0Me ce BOl\a 3a npeQHUlHaBalbe pa3JIHBa 11 nonaKO ueAI1 Ha HI1)1te,
a ca l\Ha ce npoueljeHa OABOAH AaJbe. I1cToBpeMeHO Ba3.1\YX CTpyjH I(P03
U1ynJbHKacTy JjJHnTpl1pajyhy Macy.
6) Cacnra8Hu eAeAlenmu if!uAmpa
J{OHCTPYI(UHja JjJHnTpa je Bpno je.l\HOCTaBHa OH nl14H Ha pe3epBoap
4HjH je OMOTaQ U1ynJbHKaC'f a 3anpeMHHa My je I1cnYlbeHa I(OMaAHMa JjJHnTpH-
pajYHer MaTepHjana.
OMOT MO)J(e 6HTH 03H.I\aH oneKOM ca npope.l\HMa H pa3MaKHYTHM KOMa-
l\I1Ma TaKO, .l\a 06pa3yj e je.l\HO U1ynJbHKaCTY nOBplllHHY "nH je 0.1\ )I{H'IaHe
Mpe)J(e en. 219.
OpeMa MecTY H3pa.l\e <pHnTpH Mory 6HTH YKonaHH y 3eMJbY HnH eno-
60.l\HH Ha.l\ 3eMJbOM, U1TO 3aBHCH 0.1\ BHCI1HCl(HX KOTa :ra'lal(a ynl1Ba H H3nl1Ba
H OA I<JIHMaTCI(HX ycnoBa.
<t>HnTpH YKonaHH y 3eMJbY l\Ona3e y HapOQl1TO 03H.I\aHe jaMe, y ojHMa
ce TeJ( CTaBJba JjJHnTapCKH MaTePHjan y je.l\an 'TIOCe6HH OMOTa4 0.1\ oneJ(a.
OBaj U1ynMIKaCTH OMOTa'l O.l\Mal(HYT je OA 311.1\a jaMe 3a 10 CM. To je no-
Tpe6Ho Aa ce oMoryhH c'fpyjalbe Ba3l\yxa 01(0 uene -noBplllHHe IjJl1nTpa, en.
220. ,IJ.a 6H ce Ha IjJHmpy nOCTHrno Haj60Jbe l\ejcTBo Tpe6a .l\a ol\roBapa
cneAeHHM ycnoBHMa:
1. MaTepHjan 3a HcnyHy Tpe6a .l\a je 'IBpCT H panaB:
2. B 0 l\ a 3 a n p e Q H U1H a B a fu e T p e 6 a .1\ ace p a 3 n H B a
p a B HOM e p H 0 n p e K 0 U e n e nOB p UI H H e IjJ H n T p a;
3. Y13nHJlalbe He CMe Aa 6Y.l\e CTanHO, JleH y npe-
K H l\ H M a - HaM a x 0 Jl e;
____________ ________________ __________
4. Pa3nliBeHa BOAa no nOBpillHHI1 Tpe6a Aa
C e 1.\ e A II H a H H)I, e II TOY ill T 0 II j 11 M M n a 3 e B 11 M a, n o-
M 0 r Y Ii C T BY Y B J.I A Y C 11 THe I( II ill 1.\ e;
5. AHO <jJllnTpa Mopa (iI1TI1 Ca Harl160M npeMa TatJl.\11
I1Snl1Ba Tj. <jJl1nTap lie CMe Aa 6YAe HH Mano nOTOnJbeH
Y BOAY
C1IHI<a 21 9 - C1I060)1'''' GII01l0WI(I< cpl<1ITaP
6. <I> H n T p 11 P a j Y "11 MaT e p 11 jan H e C Men e )K a T 11 A 11-
lJeI( THO Ha Ally, Be!; Mopa Aa 6YAe H3.D,HrHyT H'a peilleT-
I( a CT 0 j Ape H a )101 0 j no A no 3 11;
7. <I> 11 n Tap hi 0 P a A a 6)' A e A 0 6 p 0 n p 0 BeT p e H C a j a-
I(OM 1.\l1pl<yna1.\l1joM Ba3Ayxa OA Bpxa AO AHa.
S. <l>lInTap Mopa Aa 6YAe 3aWTH!;eH OA HeBpeMeHa
H TeMnepaTypHllx YTH1.\aja;
9. YI<OnHI(O ce raCOBH pa3BHjy Mopajy 6HTH l(aHa-
nil Mao ABe A e H II H 3 B a II.
10. <l>HnTap Mopa I1MaTH nponHcHY 3a npeMHHy.
II. <l>HnTap ce Mopa O.D,p)l(aBaTH Ha norOAHoj
TeAt n epa T y P 11.
208
8) Onuc iJemaJba 3a KOHCmpYKlJujy ullmpa
JJ.a 6H ce ycnOBH MOrJlIi HcnyHHTH Tpe6a nOC'l)'nHTH npl!M:A.
cJleAehl1M ynyTcTBHMa: .
\. MaT C p 11 j a JI 3a I1cnyHy Mopa 6HTH 'IBpCT Aa 611 H3AP)l(clO
MeXaHH'Il<e npHTI1CI<e OA03ro. Y Ty CBpxy Haj60Jbc je ynoTpe6HTH MarMaTCI(e
CTCHe (rpaHI1T, CI1CHI1T, ra6po 11 CJI.) a 3al'I1M TBPAe nClll'lapC, KpeqtbaL(e,
ne'lcHY onel(Y.
HHCY A06pe lllynJbl1l(aCTe CTCHe I(ao Cl1ra, HHTH maTl(11 06J1YTUI1 11J111
nJlOlJaCTH 3a ](oje He 611 A06po npHalMJla 6HOJlOllll(a cKpaMa .
CJI}IKa 220 - 311AaHH 6nonolliKH <jlHnTap
HajsaA He CMe ce ynoTpc6JbaBaTH MeKO 11 TpOlliHO CTCfbe, I(oje 611 ce cJlerJlo
11 rYlllHJlo npoBcTpaBafbe.
Haj60Jbl1 je I<pynHospHH rpamlT, jep HMa CBa cBojCTBa ('IBPCTMHY, pan a-
BOCT 11 nocToj aHocT) ; 3a fberoBY nOBprnHHy Jlal(O npl1afba 6HOJlOllll<a CI(paMa.
HCI(11 ynoTpe6JbaBajy 3a OBY CBpXy lllJbal( Y 11 3rypy, aJlH TO Hl1je
npenopY'lJbHBO, nOlliTO ce KOJloHHje 6al(Tep"ja y lllynJbI1HaMa THX MaTep"jaJla
o6aBHjajy BpeMeHOM CJlY3aCTOM onHOM OA anrH 11 Tal(O 6HBajy yryllieHe.
3anpCMI1Ha qlHJlTpa Tpe6a Aa CaAp)1(11 lllTO Be!;11 6poj 1(0MaAa y jeAH-
3anpeMI1He 1<a1(0 611 ce np)l(l1J1a lllTO Beha nOBpllll1Ha 3a pa3Boj 6al(-
TepHj a. BeJll1'111Ha rpyMwa Q>11J1TapCI(Or MaTepHjana Tpe6a Aa ce I(pehe OA
25-75 MM- OBO rpYMeli:te Tpe6a CJlO)KHTI1 no BeJll1'1HHI1 l<al(O 611 lllynJbI1He
OCTaJle Hel1cnYfbeHe CHTHI1M MelllOBI1TI1M MaTepHjaJlOM, lllTO 611 IminO Ha
ylllTp6 CHa)l(He npoMaje 11 OMerano 06HaBJbafbe I(I1CeOHHI(a, 611THor CJleMeHTa
3a aep06He
<J)HJlTap ce nyHI1 y Tpl1 cJloja:
I. HajHI1)I<H cJloj je BI1COI( 20 CM I<pynHolie 3pHa OA 50-75 MM.
2. CpeAfbl1 CJ!oj 100 to to 35-50 to
3. rOPfbH cnoj 30 to to 25-30 to
14 I<yhll a l(allanlll1al1l1ja
209
npBH cnoj l(pynHHx KOM3Jla He neWH IlHpel<'rRO Ila IlHY (jmnTpa, BCH
je OJlHrHyT Ifa jCllHo namRO WIO y BHJly Jlpclfawc Oil oneKa nopeljaHHX y
TpH cnoja ca pa3M31(l1Ma npeMa en. 221. OBO jc lIoTpe6Ro paJiH IlpOBeTpa-
Barba Wla H JlOtbHX cnojcBa IjJHnTpa. rOPtbH CHTaH MaTepHjarr Tpe6a ypaBlfanf.
_ -+- 2., ++- ...


Cmfl<a 221 - 'c(pclfa;f{a I\ a <lJHll1'pa
3a H3paAY (pHnTpa Y UJYMCII HM " PCJlCJIHMa YMCC'IO I
f
3MCHC I4cnYHC,
MOry Ce ynoTpe6HTH H JJeTBe 0/1 GopOBe I p<. I,c Hepell /ll4caJ.C, Benl1414HC
2,5/5 CM. ORC CC nonan<}' H3 pa3Mal(V Oil. 5 CM. ca Ral13MClf114liHM peJ.tOBHMa
Ha npelOlon, TaKO Aa cc nOlcnanajy Tel{ CBal
l
11 npBI1 H TpeliH a /lPYrH
H 4CTBPTH HTJl. CII. 222.
C;JHI<a 222 - q,,.Jrrap 0/\ nCTaua
3a IjJI4JJTap 0/1, JICTaBa HH jc nOTpe6Ha Hlma){Ba 06311/.1a I<ao I(OJ( HcnyHe
l(aMeHOM, Bch CC caMO OJ.\Mal{HC OA 3HIla jaMe, 33 10 CM. npBH je peJl
rRy,- 3a 10 CM Oil nOlla Ha rpCAHuaMa Ha paCToj atbY 40 CM. Tpajatbc OBor
IjJHnTpa Y314Ma CC 01(0 3-4 rOJllHlc, Kalla HX Tpe6a H3Mcm1TH YI( OJJHI10 jc
HCJ(a JleTBa n04CJl a Aa TP):'JJH. OBaj CC pOle YOCT3J10M flOl(Jl ana Ca POI(OM y
I{QMC CC H IlaMella M3TepHj3J1 Mopa B3JlI1T14, npCTpeCaTI1 H npaTH .
. 2. BOil a 3a npc4HUJHan.atbC Tpc63 Aa cc pa3JJHBa panHoMepHo no
ueJloj nOBpUJI1HH (jl11J1Tpa .. To jC nOTpe6Ho CTora UJT.O qmJITap Tpe6a paallo-
MepHo Ila paAI4 llCJJOM 3anpcMHHoM H CBaKa jCAHHHUa Te 3anpeMllHe
Mopa npl1MHTH ollrOBapajy}iH ACO BOAC. OBO ce MO,J(e nOCTHl1H Ra pa311 e
lI a4lme .
210
HajBlHlle cy y ynoTpe6H H36yweHH OJlYlJaCTH )I(Jbe60BH OJ!. nOJlynesH
HJlH " CaJlOHI1T" flnOlJa. OBI1 ce )I(Jbe60BI1 pacnopeljyjy no lleJloj
. y 6J1arOM Harl16y
)l{Jbe60Bli Mory 6HTH CTaJlHH
OA 6eTOHa 11m! y BHAY nJlI1T-
I<HX ApBeHI1X oJlY1<a, cn. 223.
ft-.-..: .. ]

(JJHKa 223 - Pa3JJIIBHli )f(Jbe60BH
3a <p11JlTpe Belier l(ana-
UHTeTa ynoTpe6JbaBajy ce Ha-
pOlJl1Te npC1<aJlI1U!!, l(oje pa3-
6auyjy BO)l,y y cjll1HI1M l( anJbI1-
UaMa no ueJloj nOBpWI1HI1.
Haj0611lJHI1je cy HanpaBe OBe
BpcTe Ha npl1Hul1ny " CefHepo-
Bor I(OJla" en. 219.. CaMo oile
npcJ<aJUJue 3axTeBajy nOCBe-
AHeBHO o)l,p)l(aBalbe 1'1 npolJl1-
wli aBalbe pynl1ua, Te ce npet\BHljajy caN.O TaMO, rAe je 3arapaHTOBaH CTaJlaH
HaA30p. Y npOTHBHOM, aJ<o le <p11J1Tap npenYWTeH ce011 , oHAa le 60Jbe J<oPI1-
CTI1TH npOCTe )1(Jbe60Be.
3. \tI 3 JI 11 B a Ib e BOA e He CMe 611TH Henpel<HAHO, Beli nOAeweH 0
Tal(O )l,a ce 'BOAa 113JlHBa y I1HTepBaJlJ>1Ma, Tj .I1a 113
M
eljy jeAHor 1'1 Apyror
H3mlBa npolje H3BeCTaH BpeMeHCI<H pa3Mal( (Hel<OJ1HI<0 MHHyTa). OBO ce Haj-
60Jbe H HajjeAHocTaBHHje nOCTH)I(e nOMoliy npOCfJ'e HanpaBe 3B. "C Y A a H a
n peT e r (npeBPTalJe) CJlHJ<a 224.
OBaj CYA paAH caM OA ce6e Ha Taj ' alJHH, WTO My je OCOBHHa 01<0
J<oje ce ol(pelie H3BaH Te)I(HWTa, Tal<O L{a je CYA JlaOHJlaH. 4HM ce cy)l, HanyHH
. BOAOM AO H3BeCHe BHcJ>IHe, nopeMeTH ce

PTBHOTC)I(e, CYA ce )lpeBpHe 1'1 H3mlje

BOAY. HOBa I{OJlH'IHHa npHL{01lIlle BOAe
nOHOBa nO'IHe Aa nyHH CYA H nOA
npI1THcJ<OM MJla3a BOAe, Bpalia ra y
npB06HTHH nOJlO)l(aj AD"': ce onefJ' He
nopeMeTH paBHOTe)J<a H cYll. ce He 113-
JlHje HTA.
OBaJ<aB ce CYA paAH 1'1 y BHAY
J<opl1'l'a AY)I( ueJlor cJ>HJlTpa. !{OpHTO
Ha npeifer MO)l(e 6HTI1 jeAHoAeJlHO amI
je 60Jbe al(O je ABOAeJlHO CJlHI(a. 224.
CJJllKa 224 - CyJl Ha npeTer JeAHO)l,eJlHO ce CTaBJba y jeAHoM I<pajy
(pHJlTpa a ABOAeJlHO AOJla3H y cpeAHHY.
Ta1<O, Aa H3J1I1Ba BOAY lJac Ha jellBY, a 'lac Ha Apyry nOJloBHHY <pHJlTpa
CJI. 225.
Ha Taj ce HalJHH Haj60Jbe nOCT(1)l(e npoBeTpaBalbe ' ueJle jeABe nOJlOBI1He
(pHJlTpa y BpeMeHcJ<oM HHTepBaJlY nYlbelba. !{OpHTO ce rpaAH OA JlHMa BeJll1-
lJHHe 9/ 18 CM .. a a1( 0 je ABOAeJlHO OH)l.a je 9/18/18 cm.
Ha J<pajeBHMa je I(OPHTO yrJlaBJbeBO Tal(O )l,a He MO)J(e Aa HcnaAHe 1'13
npaBua npHJlHI(OM npeTypalba. Y oCI<yAHuH JlI1Ma ce OBa 1(0pl1'ra rpa-
AI1TH H OA 60pOBHX Aacal<a )l,e6JbI1He 5/4".
4. A1<o je H3JlHBalbe BOAe Ha <PllJITPY nOMoliy oJlYQaCTI1X )I(Jbe60Ba, a
Aa 61'1 ce MJl a3 pa36110 y J<anJbl1ue Tpe6a HX I1s6yWHTH pynl1uaMa npe'lHHI(a
10 MM. AJlIi ce OBe . pynHue BpeMeHOM 3anywe OA npaWHHe H CJly311, Te ce
14
211
pa3flHBalbe BO,le BpUIH yrnaBHoM 06H'IHHM npeJlHBafbeM npeKO py6a 'Iobe.6a, a
pa36Hjalbe y TaHKe MJla3eBe HacTaje Tel( Ha panaBOM qmJlTapel(OM "'<'TepHjaJly .
5 . .u H 0 <j> H JI T P a Mopa 6wrH MaCHBHO H rJlaTI(O ca Ham60M Oil
0,5%-1 % Ka H3J1HBy. 3a H3pailY IlHa Haj60lhe je ynoTpe6HTH 6eTOH
cJloja 15-20 ca yrJlaqaHOM K9wylhHUOM Oil ueMellTllor MaJlTepa. OBO Je
Ba)f(HO H3BeCTH Aa 6H ce oueljllBalbe BOj.(e H3BaH <j>HJlTpa 06aBAJlO 6p30 H
6e3 33cToja,
5. Vl3AH3albe <j>HnTepel( Or MaTepH jaJla H3Hail JlHa He eMe ee H30CTaBHTH,
jep 611 y npOTI1BHOM -nOIbH CJlojeBH 6HJlH eJla60 npOBeTpeHH, BOJla 6H Te)I(C
OTHUa)la ea IlHa, JleJlHMH'IHO 6H

. ' . '. '.: .. ... '
CnHKa 225 - vl3rnell I{OpHTa Ha npcTcr
ra nOTanaJla Ha WTeTY ueJlor
npoueca OKCHJlauHje H l(opHCHe
3anpe.IIHHe <j>HJlTpa.
7. HajBa)I<tIHjH JleTalh npH
H3paJlH qlHJJTpa jecTe 06ea6eljelbe
CTaJlHe H ff(J1Be U H P K Y JI a U H j e
B a 3 Jl Y x a. 080 je HapO'lHTO
BaIKHO 3a YKonaHe QJHJlTpe. npo-
BeTpaBalbe ce nOCTH)J(e nOMoliy
BeHTHJlauHOHHx I<BHana OCTaBlhe-
HHX npHJlI1KOM 3HJlalba y 3Hj(OBHMa Cp HJlTapCI( e jaMe ca MHOrJ1M
TaKO, Ila rrocTojH CTanHO cTpyj albe Ba3Jlyxa . OBahBH ce l<aHaJl l1
Mopajy npOIlY)J(J1TH 113BaH TepeHa . i-bHXOBH OTBOPH Mopajy 6HTI1 3aWTHlieHH
IKl1'1aHOM Mpe)J(OM Ila y IbHX He 6H npOIlPJlH HHCeI{TH.
LJecTo ce nyTa, H3Hail QJI1JlTpa Belier 06HMa . 03HJla QJHJlTapCf{a rpaljeBI1Ha
nOKpl'BeHa' I(POBO'\! ca BeJll11( HM OTBopHMa 3a rrpHCTyn Ba3llyxa.
8 . .ua 611 ce paJl QJHJlTpa OJlBHjao ' HeOMeTaHO Oil BpeMeHCf{I1X ' YTHuaja
( KHwe, CHera. Mpa3a) Tpetia Ta 3aWTHTI1TH. YfionaHH QJHJlTPI1 nOl<pHBaj y ce
nJlO'lo.\\ HJlH ce H3HaJl IbI1X 03HAa QJHJlTapCJ(a rpaljepHHa.
A KO cy <j>HJlTPI1 CJl060JlHH Ha nOBpwmm, I1CTO TaKO Mopajy HMaTI1
3aWHlTHY HailCTpewHl1uy. <PI1JlTap Tpe6a Ta)(olje 4YBani OJl YTl1uaja Mpa3a,
jep QJ l1nTapCKa cpeJlI1 Ha He CMe I1MaTI1 MalbY TeMnepaTYPY OJl 6 C.
3 3 BeJlI1Ka nocTpojelba y CypOBI1M f(J]I1MaMa 'IeCTO je nOTpe6HO rrpeABI1-
JleTI1 BeWTa'lI(O 3arpeBalbe QJI1JlTpa, AOK je 3a MaJle QJI1JlTpe AOBolhHa TeMne-
parypa OA npoueca caropeBalba opraHCKI1X jel\l1lbelba .
9. r a COB e 0 A n p 0 u e C a 0 I( C 11 A a UI1 j e Tpe6a OJlBeCTI1 113BaR
QJI1JlTpa HapO'lHTH,\\ 11 nycTI1TI1 Aa ce pa:mejy y aHlOc<j>epy. OA
raCOBa ce HaJBI1We pa3BI1je yrlheHJlI10KCI1A, aJlI1 TO 3aBIiCH OA CTeneHa npeT-
xOJlHor H3611CTpaBalba BOJle y cenTHI<y 11J111 y EMWepoBoj jaMI1. YKOJlI1KO Ha
<j>11JlTap npoljy f(OJlOI1JlaJl He H JlaFe opraHcKe MaTepl1je, pa3BHli e ce npl1J1I1I{OM
113BeCHa KOJll1'1l1Ha CYMnopBOJlOHI1I(a , f(ojl1 360r JlOwer l\Hlpl1Ca
Hel130CTaBHO Tpe6a OABeCTI1 113BaH QJI1J1Tpa.
10. n p a B 11 Jl H 0 0 ,!l p e lj H B a Ib e " a n a U 11 T eTa <j>I1JlTpa BpJlO
je Ba;KaH ycnOB. i-beroBa BeJlll'111Ha Mopa 6HTI1 y cpa3Mepl1 ca KOJlI1'1I1HO,\\
BOAe.
Pe4eHO je Aa Ay611Ha <j>HJlTpa Tpe6a Aa je 01<0 1,5 M. 11 TI1Me je jeAHa
lberOBa lHIMeH311ja yHanpeA oJlpeljefla. 3a onTepelielbe <j>I1JlTpa Y311Ma ce Aa
fla 1 .\\3 113611CrpeHe BO,le Aolje 1,4 ",3 <j>I1J1Tpl1pajylier MaTepl1jaJla. Kana ce
3Ha l( y6arypa nOTpe6Hor MaTepl1jaJla, a Bl1Cll Ha je YHanpeA OApel)eHa, .\IO)Jie
ce naKO OApeAHHl lber08a nOBpwHHa.
112
npeMa HeKHM npOm!CHAla YI<ynHa noapUIHHa IjmnTpa y
Ba3,nYXOM He CMe 6HTI1 MaiM o,n:
P = 4 yQ2 r,ne je: P = yKynHa noopwlma y M2
Q = 3anpeMHHa $HnTpa
3a npOpaqyHaTy oenl1
l
mHY Ceml1l1l1e jaMey npl1Mepy Taq. 58,n) CTp. 204.
Bemtql1Ha <lmnTpa he 113HeTI1:
AI(.' noljeMo o,n HopMe ,na 3a 1 M
3
/qaC H3611cTpeHe Bo,ne cnellyje 1,4 M3
otl,na TIe 6wnt:
V = 1,90 x 1,40 = 2,86 M3 06pyrno y3eTo 3,?0 M3
3a ' ycBojeHY ,ny611HY t = 1,40 M. ,no ,nHa, nOBpWI1Ha TIe 611'fW:
P = Y.-. = 3,00 = 2 00 M3
t 1,40 '
v13a6palia wHpwHa S = 1,00 AI.
,ny}KHHa L = 1,90 M.
npeMa (jJOpMynl1 P = 4 ..fQ2 = 4 ysz = 4 V\)
. = 4 x 2,08 = 8,00 Al2
UenOt(ynHa nOBpwHHa y ,noAH'py ca Ba3,nyxoM Tpe6a ,na 11 3HOCW 8,00 hlz.
Ha BI1CI1Hy $HJtTpa YTl1qe Ha npBOM MecTY BI1CI1HCI{a pa3JtI1I{a H3Meljy
t<OTe 113nl1BHe l.\eBH . 113 cen'l'I1QI<e jaMe 11 I(OTe Kpajloer W3nl1Ba npH ,nHy .
$Hmpa.
1!13Y3eTHO at<o ce HeMa Ha pacnonO}l(elbY ,nOBOJbHa pa3JtHKa,na "611 ce
oCTBapHna BI1CHHa o,n 1,5 M., MO}Ke ce Ta BI1CWHa CMalbWTW HajMalbe Ha
1,0 M., anl1 ce Mopa BO,nWTW paqYHa Aa ce CMalbW iii KpynHoha (pwJtTapcKor
Ma:rep"jaJta, a HapOQWro Jla ce nojaQa BeHTJilnal.\l1ja.
Ha cn. 219 11 220 np"t<aaaHH cy $l1nTpH 11 lberOBI1 ,nenOBI1 . .
1{0A nocTpojelba aa npelmwhaBalbe H3nl1Ba BeiJl1l(HX rpa,noBa a y Hello-
CTaTI(Y nOTpe6He nOBpWI1He 3a cMewTaj MHor06pojHJil x <lmJtTapa 11 PMI1 y6p-
3alba np0l.\eca, yBe,neHI1 cy y HOBl1je BpeMe cnpeTHl1jH 11 eqml(acH,njl1 HaQI1HH
011, qJl1JtTpa. Taj ce HaqHH caCTojw y TOMe, WTO YAleCTO Il,a ce Bo,na pa3np-
CI(aBal-beM l13na}Ke OI(CI1,naI.\HOHOM AejCTBY Ba3,nyxa, I1C111 ce BeWTaQIUfM Halm-
HOM np0Il,YB:IBa, nOMohy HapOQHTI1X HanpaBa, t<p03 Macy BOll,e. npH OBal{BOM
HaQHI'IY ce np0l.\eCW OI(CI1,nal.\l1je T. j. MI1Hepanl13al.\.l1je 06aBJbajy Hecpa3MepHO
6p}l(e H nOTnyHwje Hero Ha tjJwn1pHMa.
OBaj ce Ha411H 06aBJba y o,nroBapajyhllM pe3epBoapWMa T.3B. a.e p 0-
T a H I( 0 B H M a. npl1 OBaKBOM pewelbY Tpe6a HAlaTH Ha yllly,. Il,a je 3a
tbWXOB pa,n nOTpe6aH CTam111 YTpOlllaK norOHCKe eHeprHje, WTO nOCI(ynJbyje
eKcnnoaTal.\H jy.
2) YnymcmBo 3a nocmynaK y mOKY paiJa u/lmpa
I{ao H cenTI14Ka jaMa Tat(O w qJl1JtTap npe nYWTal-ba Y pall, l1pe6a Il,a
ca3pH Tj. Tpe6a ,na ce tjJopMHpa nOTpr6Ha nOll,Jlora 3a pa3Boj 6al('rep"ja Tal(O
3B . 6 ':! 0 no 111 K a Ct{ paM a Ha nOBpWHHI1 $wnTapCI(Or MaTepwjana . )J.a 61-1
ce y6p3ano caapeBalbe tjJwnTpa Tpe6a ra I1H$I1I.\WpaTI1 al(TI1BHI1M rHoJeM ca
HeKor Apyror (pl1JtTpa y pall,y.
KOMI "HHa HI"jJHI.\Hpajyhc Maje Y3HMa ce OKO 10' 1, Oil YKymle I<y6aTYpc HcnYHe
Tal<O )(a 1I0ljc Oil np.lnHKC 20 Mr/Ha nHTap.
213
je cneltekH: ce nO'ITeneHO ny,m MaTeplljal!OM H noCne CDaKOr
enoja HCnYHe, npenHje ce H30eCHOM l(onlNHHOM DOAe HHcjlHUllpaHe fHOJeM.
narpefiHO opeMe Aa ce pasoRjy l<ynType 6a'<Tepllja Aa fill cjlllnTap caapeo sa PM ,
saBRCH OA rolUlwlber IIOGa. Y Tonno OPCMC 000 ce 0601111 3a 20-30 Aana, a HHa'ie I<paf H.e
caapeoaH>e HaCTyna Tel< I(POS 2
.ua je cjlRnTap cnpeMaH sa pall MO)j(e ce aaKJhY4HTII no TOMe nrro y
BOAII He (Me Aa 6YAe BRwe 011 5 Mr/nllTapa pa36na)f(elle .. aj e. AKO ce cjlHnTap nyurra y
pall y xn3lUl0 ORAa ra Tpc6a sarpejaTII 1\0 10 C.
<l>HJlTap ce Mopa CBaKOnHeBHO HaAsHpasaTH, na JlH CBe CPYHKUHORHWe
npaBHJlHO. Pa31leJiHe )!(JbefiOBe H I(OPHTO Ha npeTer Tpefia nOBpeMeHO qRC'i'HTH
On CJIYSH a Jle)!(aje J<opflTa nOnMaSHBaTH CTaJlRO.
Mo)!(e ce neCHHr na ce roplbid cJloj CH'l"Hor MaTepHjaJla sarywH - YJlenH
on cpHHe CJlySH IllTO ce YXBaTH OSfO Te ce no nOBpIllHHH. CTBope fiapHue. Y
TaL(80M cJlY'lajy Tpefia nOBplllHHY r;.afiyJbaMa npeTpeCTH.
Mo)!(e ce TaKotje roplbH cJloj cafiHTH YCJlen '1elllt.er x0l\.alba no
npHJlHKOM OfiHlIaCI(a H '1Hrntelba. OHl\a ce npenopy'lYJe, Aa ce roplbH CJIOJ
Y nefiJbHHId 10-15 CM. CI(HHe H HOBHM.
e jeceHH ce npenopyqyje onMOp y pany on 2-3 AaHa. f eHepaJllw
OfiHaBJbalbe cpHJlTpa 'Ppefia BplllHTH y upoJleke.
BeH1'HJlauHjy Onp)!(aBaTH Y I1cnpaBHoM cTalbY, a TCI(O HCTO npenHBHe
KaHaJle H KpajlbH HcnycT. .
BpJlo je Ba)!(HO 1(0HTpOJlHCaTH paA H l(pajlbH HCXOn [npeqHlllkaBalba H
pe3YJlTaT ynHcHBaTH y AHeBHHI( ca csenekHM nOAal..\HMa:
1. npHJlHB BOAe AS CenTH'II(e jaMe.
2. TeMneparypy BOAe.
3. Pe3YJlTaT aHaJlHSe npe'lHrnteHe BOne.
npofiy Y3HMaTH CBal(l1X 15 MI1HyTa y TOI(Y OA 2-3 '1aca, na on Tora
yseTH cpenlbY BpeAHOCT. BpeMeHCKH HHTepBaJl H3J11iBa yTBpnHTH Ha Taj
Jl aQI1H, IllTO fte ce Ca'lel(aTH l(pajlbH I1CTel( jeAHor pe3J1HBeHOr MJlaSa 11 safie-
Jle)!(HTH BpeMe.
61. XIIOpHCau,e OTnaAHe BOAe
XJlOpHCalbeM OTDanHe BOAe, GMalbyje ce I(OJlI-f'tHHa naToreHI1X KJll1ua
3a 92-95%. Y OBy ce CBpXy ynoTpefiJbaBa Te'lHI1 XJlOP I1J1 H l[ellllie XJlQD1HI
OH ()e Jlal(O pacTBapa y BOAI1 npli 'IelllY ce Aofil1jajy nBa peareHTa;
"oJI1 fial(TepHuHnHo, neJlyjy H TO: MOJlel(YJlapHH XJlOP H OCJlOfiolj emll(11CeOHI1I<'
3a ycnelllHY ne311H<j>eKUHjy Bone 1l0BOJbHa je [(OJlH'IHHa OA 1-2' rp.
Ra 1 JlHTap BOne. 3a YHHIllTaBalbe I<mrua MO)l(e ce ynOTpefiHTH 11 OSOH,
BOAOHHI( H cynepOI(CHn, aJlH je XJlOP HajnoroAHHje H Haj e<j>HI(aCHHje cpencTBo,
XJl opHcalbY ornaAHe BOne npHfieraBa ce HsyseTHo H Ha OCHOBy Hapo-
'1HTHX caHHTapHHX npODli ca H saXTeBa.
ce He cMe BplllliTH npc OfiaBJbeHOr npe'lHlllftaBalba q)el(aJlHe
BOAe, Jep OM HeraTliBHO ACJlonaJlo Ha fi Ho-xeMHcKe npol.\ece.
Kon npHMeHe CeOTHI(a, ":JlOpHCalbe ce BPIllH, y I I I J(OMOPI1 HJlH Y
nocefi HoM p03epBoapy npe KpaJFber a [(On j aMa T1ma EMlllep no
HSJlHBY HS TaJlO)l(HHue. AKo ce BplllH H fi HOJl OIllI(O npe'lHlllIi a'Balbe Ha
TpHMa, OHAa ce CMe XJlOpHCaTl1 Tel( no HCTeKY Bone 113 <j>HJlTpa.
214
62. 3al{JbYQal{ano nHTalbY npeQHwliHOalba OTnaJlHe BOJle
Ha OCHOBY CBera UITO je peqeHO 0 onWTeM 3HatJajy H 0 TeXHHQH npe-
tJHurnaBalba OTnallHHX BOlla, HaMelie c;e nOrJ-ltJall 3al<JbytJal( , lIa 6H y lIaHaWlbe
BpeMe ca OBHM cTynlbeM 3Halba y 06naCTH 6HonorHje, MellHUHHe H TeXIlHKe.
Tpe6ano yonwTe 0 II 6 a U 11 T H H 3 Y nO T p e 6 e 0 6 HtJ H e H Y)1( H H q K e
jaMe H 3aMeHI1TH HX CenTlf'lHHM. YaK H 3a HajMalbe H ycaMJbeHe 06jeKTe,
HAla TaKO Cnpe1'HHX H npOCTHX ypeljaja, lIa cTajy CI(OPO I1CTO TOnl1l(O, l(on11l(0
11 06H'lHe j aMe,
Cen'l'HtJKe 11 eMwepCKe jaMe HMajy WI1POKO nOJbe np"MeHe 1<ao:
1. Y M e C T Ii hi a 6 e 3 I( a Han 11 3 a U 11 j e 3 a C 8 e 11 Il II 11 B 11-
){yanHe H3nHBe nojelll1Hl1x 3fpalla Hnl1 3a 1(0Mnnel(Ce
3rpana.
2. 3a C8e 60n1lH'lKe I( OMnne1<Ce 6e3 p a3nH1<e.
3. 3a : I1Ta8a HaCeJba H3BaH HaCeJba
rp a ll08 a.
4. 3 a C 8 e T y P H C T.J1 tJ I( e 06 j e 1< T e.
5. 3a r.pallc1<e KaHanH3aUHje y pel(e c a
1Iia lbOM 1<OnH
t
IH IlOM BOlle.
6. 3a nOJbOllpH8pellila 1I06pa.
OCI1M OBHX Heofjxolllll1X CH'I'yaUHja, npenopy'lyj e ce llpe
t
ll1wlia8alb_e y
C8a1<OM cny'lajy H npH 113nH8albY rpallcKe 1<aHalll13aul1je y 8ellHI(e peKe,
Mopa 11 je3epa, H3 'lI1CTO el(OIlOMCKHX pa3nora HCI(Op"urnaBalba I(OP"CH"X
llpOllYI(aTa on llpoueca llpe'lI1Wha8alba, y 1l0JbOllpHBpeilHe CBpxe. Tpe6a
l,maTI1 y BHJ(Y orpoMHy KOJ1l1'111HY BOlle {(ojy 1<OHCYMl1pa jellaH rpall , 3a
1(0 jy ce 1<Onl1tJ11HY nOC8ellHeBHO TpOllle Belll1Ke cyMe, lla lIa ce no YllOTpe611
nYCTI1 caC811M lleHC[(Opaurnellil y BOlleHe TOI' OBe.
63. npHMepH CenTH'lI{HX
a) XU2Uj eHCKU nOlbCKU HYJICHUK
H a Cll. 226 lIaT je llaUpT Xl1Tl1jellcKor Hy>I(lll1l(a sa cena H 3a MeCTa
r ,lte lleMa BOII080lla y l(yliH.
Ee3 06Hllilor yTpolllKa 801le, <jJel(allHje ce Ile Mory 0118011111'11 ue811Ma,
jep IlHCY 1I080Jbll0 pa3peljelle 3a Cmfpal-be, Te 611 ce 6p30 3aneIlHlle 3a 311110Be
ue811 11 nOTJlYllo I1X 3anylll l1lle.
ce 113BaH 3rpalla y IIBOpHIIITy I(ao caMocrallHe rpaljeBHlle.
Hy)I<HI1I< je y 811I1Y 0611'lHe l( ylil1ue Oil lIacal(a ca caHllyKoM 3a a
H3MeT- nalla HenOCpeill-lO y CellTl1'lI( Y j aMY. 08a1(811 nOlbCI( 11 HY)l(HI1UH Mory
6111'H 11 031111al-ll1, nojeIlHl-la'lHO Hlll1 1<aO rpynHH (3a OCHOBHe llll(One 11 T. Cll.):.
J a-Ma i e CellTH'lKa H OHa ce yrna8HoM pa3nHI( yje Oil 0611tJHe jaMe no
TOMe, lllTO npe ynoTpe6e Mopa 6H'I'11 \!anYl-beHa BO'i\OM 110 npelll1Ba (5) TaKO
){a cy 1(0MOpe I H I I YBel( llyHe BOIIOM " Y 1<OMOPY I I I npemma ce cal\\O
BOlla .
K3MeT npl1 nallY C1<llH3He H113 KPI1BI1HY (2) 'l1'IMe ce 1136eraBa onaOHO
llpJbaBOM BOIIOM. YI1M 1I0cne H3Mer y BOilY 6ylle pa3pelj eH,
l( pynHl1jH lIenOBH/ llallajy Ha IIHO, a CHTHHjH lle611e y BOIlI1. K3 Cpeill-ber
6HcTp"jer lIena Bolla npOlla3J-f Hp03 OTBOP Y nperpallH 113 1(0Mope) y I(OMOPY
II, a H3 l-be ce jow BHwe H36HCTpeHa, npeJ1l1Ba y ca611pHY j aMy II I.
2 15
t-----'2.55''----'r-- .2.00 ---"1"
1.50
WtuKa 226 - XlIrHjeHcKH nOlbCKl! HY>KHI1I(
216
Kal\a ce OHa Hanyml BplUH ce qHlIIfteFbe anH je' Cal\a caup)I(HHa ja,\Ie
I II caMO TeliaH . J\eo HeqHCTe BO,l{e a He BHlIIe Te YTOmlRO
MaJ-be onacaH.
DpenHBeHa je BOl\a )!(yimaCTe ooje 11 oJ\aje cnao MHpl1C CyAtnOp-BOJ\O-
HI1Ka, a lIITO je HajrnaBHl1je Hl1je Bl1l11e I(Y)!(Ha, jep y TOKY Kpy)!(eFba (jJel(a-
JIH ja y I(OMOpaMa I M n 11 3a BpeMe OOaBlbaJ-ba oMo-XeAtI1CKI1X y
lbl1Ma, yrHHy 3apa3He naToreHe
PaA CemHqKe jaMe je y cneAelieM:
LJI1M Aoene HOBa KOnH'II1Ha <jJeKanl1ja y I( OMOPY I, 3a TOnl1l(O ce BO,l{e
npenHje y I(OMOPY III , nOlliTO cy I 11 II cnojeHI1 CyJ\OBf1. el(anl1je ce Mory
npenHTH 113 I Y II caMO y pa3peryeHoM CTaJ-bY, a J\OTne ce, J\01( cy KpynHl1je,
Bplll"- J-bHXOBO pa3JTa ralbe. F1pHnI1I<OM TPYlbl1BI1X pa3BI1j ajy ce Be-
mfl(e KOmoltrnHe raCOBa, 1<0jl1 ce OABoJ\e nOMotiy ueBI1 (8)
H3BaH
JaMa je Cpa'lYHaTa Ha 6a311 cneAetiHX nOJ\aTal<a:
.LI.a jeAaH oJ\paCTao qOBel( H36auyje rOJ\l1l11J-be 34 Kr . 113MeTH H 428 1< r.
MOl<palie, Aa npH TOMe HcnapH 4% H J\a je 3a YHl1l11TaBaJ-be naToreHHX
101l1ua nOTpe6Ho BpeMe 6aBlbelba qlel<amlja OJ\ Tpl1 HeJ\elbe. j aMa npHKa3aHa
lIa cn . 226 IoI1Ila l(anaUI1TeT 3a 30 oc06a Tj.
?I ' .
V = 30 (34 + 428) X 0,96 x --- = 750 miT. Hnl1 0,75 M
3
.
I 365
3anpeMI1Ha H3nl1BHe j aMe III y3HMa ce np116nH)I(HO 3-4 nyTa Beha ,
a y OBOM cnyqajy 113HOCl1 3,25 M3.
Bpno j e Ba)I{HO J\a eeAHlIITe I1Ma nOT<Jlonan Ha lIIapl(aMa, 1{!l1<0 611 ce
3a BpeMe HeynoTpeOJb3Balba HY)!(HHKa , cnpeQHO npl1na3 Myllll1uaMa.
. 6) 06u'lHa CenmU'iKa jaMa
Ha en. 227 npHKa3aH je THO Hajj eJ\Hoc'raBHMje CeIlTH'II' e jaMecaMo 113
jeJ\Hor J\ena, !(Oj M cnY)!(H H I(ao TaJl O)!(HMI{ 11 I(ao TpynHlIITe. QBaj ee Tl1n
npHMeFbyje 33 rpy60 npeQH1Uti aBaJ-be Tj. 3a 1136HCTpaBaJ-be <jJeKamre BOAe,
I{oja ce H3 CpeAI1He j aM 113 H3611'CTpeHOr J\ena, npemma y jeJ\aH nOHl1pyliH
6YHap y TepeH ea lIIlbYHKOBI1TMM enojeM. DplbaBa ce BOJ\a ynHBa c jet\He
cTpHe y j aMy, a ca Apyror ce Kpaj a H3611CTpeHa, Ilpenl1Ba y 6YHap.
QBaj je THn jaMa Bpno el(OHOMI1'1aH, jep HeMa cl(ynor OABOJKeJ-ba H36M-
cTpeHe BOJ\e, Bel; O.Ha CTanHO nOHl1pe y TepeH. DpH npl1MeHI1 OBI1X Tl1nOBa
ca nOHl1paJ-beM, Tpe6a npOBepMTI1 J\y6l1Hy 11 J\e6lbMHY lII"'YHKOBI1Tor cnoja
Kao 11 Harl10 nOJ\3eMHe Bo.!!e, KOjH He cMe OI1TH I(a 06nM)I(lb11M oyHapHMa 3a
nl1j ahy BOJ\Y
Tanor ce BaJ\H nOBpe.\\eHO !lOMohy npnKe (ABa J\O TpM nYTa rOJ\ Jotllllbe)
Kp03 OTBOP Ha jaMM.
8) /J8oiJeAHa CenmU'iKa jaAw
Ha Manl1 II npHKa3aH je THn jaMe emltJaH npeTXOJ\HOM 113 I\Ba
I\ena, Te je 11 CTeneH loI36l1CTpaBaJ-ba Bel;w: Y npBOM ce I\eny Bpllll1 rpy60
H30f1CTpaBalbe TanO)!(elbeM; Tanor Ty OCTa)e I\a Tpynl1, a H3 Apyror ce l\eJla
BplllH npeJJHBaJ-be H3611Cl'peHe BOJ\e y nOHMpyhl1 6yHap. .LI.Ol\aTaK II I1Ma
217
218
OCI-I013,Q

.;..16 + ____ i"M
I 1 ' 1
PLl3Pf(ZPLl
,
CnKI(a 227 - nyocra ceIlTK lI<a j aMa
J
Cl'p
M
O AHO npcMa npopeay y nperp<lAH, Tal(O Aa yr(OnJ,IIJ:O ce nrnor JOUl
<jl0pMHpa, RnH3H HaTpar y Tpym1UlTe I.
Tanor ce H3nY4yje nOMOTIY AOli>er H3nHBa y HapOt.IHTO OKHO oAaJ<ne
ce H36auyje nOWTO ce npecywH. VlcnYWTali>e Tanora je nOMohy aaTBapa4a
ca BHCOKHM KpaI(OM.
2) CKynHu 3a npe</uUJ1ia6G1be fjieKaKHe eooe
hla ManH fl I AaT je HaupT jCAHor I(OM6HHOBaHor yperyaja aa nOTnYHo
npeqHwTIaBafbe Q>e KanHe BOAe. OH ce cacTojl1 HS: CenTHI(a H 6HOnOWI(or
Q>HnTpa . CcnTl11( ce caCTojl1 HS 4 I(OMope . UeHTpanHa (I) HajBeTIa CJ1Y>l(H aa
rpy60 TanO)!{etbe H Kao TpynHwTe. Y TOM ce Aeny BpWH rnaBHO H3JJ.Bajalbe
qBPCTl-IX MaTepHja, J(oje Ty oCTajy Aa Tpyne.
4ecTl-llte Koje ce OTKHA'!jy ca AHa CTpyjelHI Ha BHwe YAapajy y OWTpe
"Bllue yrparyeHHx TpoyrnacTHX rrpHalltMua, 0 Ii>HX Ce paa6Hj ajy
np TOMe raCOBe H naKe nnHBajy];e 4ecTHue. Y I(OMOpaMa II-IV BplllH ce
)l,aJbe 11aoHcTpaBafbe Ha Taj Ha4HH, UlTO ce KonoHAanHH AenI1TIH, I(Ojl1 ce
HBatle He tlajy CTanO)I(HTH, XB!lTajy Ha yrpaljeHa npHaMaTH4Ha pe6pa H ycneA
oc06HHa ysajaMHor CJlenJbHBalba I(OnOHAa , arpyABaBajy ce I-Ia
pe6pl1Ma 11 I(ao Te)I(H H l(pynHHjl1 AeIlHTIH, mAajy nOHoBa"Ha AHO, a 1136HCTpeHa
. BOAa npoTH4e }\aJ1-.c.
C Tora ce OBe 1<0MOpe Oir II-IV Hasl1Bajy " I( 0 nOli A 0 P H M a" I1mh
11aABaja4HMa 1<0nol1Aa.
Vla611cTpeHa ce BOAa AaJbe OABOJJ.H y 1<0MOPY (V) pa)(H AaJber 6HOIlOWl<or
npe4HWTI aBali>a lla <jll1nTPy.
(]l;JnTap je YI<OnaH y j aMy a Q>HTITpl1pajYTII1 ce MaTepHjan Hana311 y
wynJbHl<aCTOM oMoTa4y. l1nTap je cHa6AeBeH l<aRanHMa 3a Baai\yx H OTBOPOM
3a OABOA r aCOBa.
BOAa ce pa3nl1Ba npel<o Q>HnTpa nOMohy I(OPHTa Ha npeTer TaKo, Aa
ce YBel< jeAHa n0J10BHHa qJHnTpa BeHTl1nHpa, AOI< AByra paAII . .llHO je ca
)(peHa)!{OM H 3al<OWeHO npeM3 113J11my y peBllSHOHO OI<HO (VI), rAe ce MO)I(e
yal1Ma'f11 npC1ftlWTIeHa BOAa paAl1 aHanHse Hnl1 CC Ty MO)!{e BPWI1TH xnOPH-
cali>e Bone.
npe<lI1 wl'feHa ce BO)(a MO)!{e AaJbe OABOAHT'H no BOJbII y BOAeHe TOI<OBe
I1n" Ha CyB TepeH.
Tanor ce I1cnywTa y Cl1na3 (Vn) nOMohy aaTBapa4a, a nOA npHTI1I(OM
BOAe. nOWTO ce Tanor AOOPO npocyuIH, H36auyje-ce HanOJbe.
I 0) no08ojeHu muna "EAlwep"
Ha hlaml IV npHKa3aH je HaupT I<OM6T1HOBaHor ypeljaja 3a npe4Hwlia-
Bal:ba OTn aA1IC BOAe. OH ce cacTojl1 H3 TanO>l(HHue H TpynHwTa, .Tal(O )(a ce
l1a6HCTpeHa BO)(a O)(MaX O)(BOII,11 Ha 6HOnOIIll(0 npeQI1WTI aBafbe Ra <p;JIlTPY,
npe Hero WTO 6H Y li>oj HacTynHnH TpyJbI1BH npouecH .
.lla 611 ce oHeMorylHlno Aa 3BeCHH 'lBpCTH AemlTIl1 Howe!'l H BOAeHH,'l
TOI<OM, npOMal(HY AY)I( )J(Jbe6a TanO)!{HHue, CTaBJbeHe cy y ropfbOJ nOJlOBHIHI
T'anO)!{HHUe ABe nperpaAe 0 Koje YAapajy <jleI<anHj a H ry6elm 6p3HHy
npOTHuafba, TOHY I<p03 npopea ,KJbe5a y Tpynl1WTe.
CTaJIO)!{eHe MaTepHje J(oje npOApy h: p03 TanO)I(HH II(Jbe6 oCTajy y Tpy-
nHwry, Aa 611 ce o rrOABprnH aliaep06HHM npouecHMa MeTaHOBor BpCtba.
219
,nHO TpYJlI1WTa 1'13BeileHO je Y IlBa npeJlOMa Ca IlBa I'ICnYcTa 3a TeJlor.
TaJlor ce HCIlylliTa nOMohy BI1COI<Or 3aTBapaQa y ORRO (IVY a OJl.aTJle ce npo-
cyweH 1136auyje RanOJbe.
<PI1JITap je I(Op"TaCTIlM )l(Jbe60M Ha npeTer nOlleJbeH Ha IlBa Ilena,
TaKO Ila je H3J1I1Batbe y npeKl1ill1Ma Tj. jellHa ce CTpaHa rtpOBeTpaBa ilOK
ilpyra palll1.
npeQl1tlr1ieHa ce BOlla 113J1I1Ba y l<OMOPY (V) a TeK ce H3 tbe ilaJbe OilBOJJ.H
npeMa Haxoljetby 11J111 npeMa MeCHI1M YCJlOBI1Ma. npetHlllJfieHa ce BOlla MO)l(e
OIlBOill1TI1 H OTBOpeHI1M l<aHaJlI1Ma .110 MeCTa I<pajtber H3J1I1Ba. 1{0JJ. OBaKBI1X
ypeljaja HeonJ<Olleo je nOTpefiHO npeABI11leTH I<OHTpOJlHO Oli-HO (V) ila fil1 ce
Morao npaTI1TI1 HCXOA, npeQI1111fiaBatba H y311Manr Y30PUI1 pa.l\H aHaJlH3e, a
aI<O cy y mlT,1tby omallRe BOlle H3 fiOJlHl1ua, Aa ce MO)l(e H3Bpllll1TI1 tbHKOBa
D.e3I1HljJeI<UI1 ja.
220

VII. OCHOBHH nOJMOBH 0 I{AHAJIH3AUHJH HACEJbA
H fPAnOBA
64. O[lWTII Aeo
rpaACI{e ce He4J1CTe BO):le j aBJbajy AenOM y BHAy omaAHHx BOlta 113
CTaH6eml X, jaBHlix HHAyC'iPHCKHX 3rpa):la, OnTepeheHe <jleKanl1jaMa,
4BpCTHM omaLlHMa M ApynlM lIITeTHI1M caCTojLlIIMa. To cy T3B. ynoTpe6Jbel-le
(npJbaBe) BOAe. ,lJ,pyrHM AenOM OHe 0):1 nOBpWlil-lCIUlX cnl1BoBa KI1W-
HI1Lle II OTOnJbeHOr CHera. IbI1XOB rrpl1nl1B y l{ aHaJIl13aLll1jy He 3611Ba ce Ha
HCTH Ha4I1H. .
MeT e 0 p C K e H JI H I( 11 W H e BOAe npl1TI1Qy y l{aHa3CI(Y Mpe)I(Y
Heje):lHaKO, y I<palil1M HnH ):IY)I(I1M npelOiAHMa: 3a Bpe.\le CyWHHX AaHa H.
Mpa3eBa YOJlWTe I1X HeMa, a npl1 npOBanl1 06naRa H HarnOh! TOnJbetbY CHera
Mory nOCTI1BI1 orpOMHe pa3Mepe.
IbHXOB TOI( je ):IaKne, Bpno HeCTaJIaH, npOMeHJbI1B H 3aBI1CaH OA rOAH-
Wfuer ):I06a. CTora Tpe6a A06po npoY'UtTH MeTeOpOnOWl(e npHnHl{e rpaJla
I( Ojl1 Tpe6a KaHanl1CaTl1.
Y3Me ce Ha.jBella rO):ll1Wfba I(OnH4HHa BO):leHor Tanora (I(HWe 11 CHera),
113MepeHa y TOI\y 0):1 10 rO):lI1Ha, na ce 0):1 Tora, o):l611.e 113BeTaH ' npOLle!laT
Ha ynl1jalhe 3eMJbHWTa, YI{ onl1l(o HHje l(anApMl1cal;lo.
K ao npoce4aH BO):leHI1 Tanor 3a EBpony Y311Ma ce 40 MM. Ha qac
100--125 nl-tTapa no xel(Tepy y Cel(YHAli . 300r BeJll1J(e I(OnI14HHe, y nope-
ljefuy Ca npJbaBWTHHoM KOjy cnl1pajy ca ymma, cMaTpajy ce npaJ(1W.JH0,
I(ao 6e30nacHe, Te ce Mory cn060):lHO 113Jl1iBaTI1 y pel(e H peql1Lle rpMa, 6e3
60ja31H1 0):1 3araljefua.
o Tn a A He BOA e 0):1 3 r p a A a, HanpO'HIB, IIMajy BHwe Mafue yjeA-
Ha4eH TOI( H I(OnI14I1HY. IbHXOB npHnl1B y l(aHanl13aLl Hjy npOMeHJbI1B je y
TOKY jeAHor ):law: no HollH je Maful1, no AaHY Bel1li, 'rj., Te BOAe CTanHO Tel(y.
nOAaTal{ Aa cy Te BO):le ca CTanHliM npl1nl1BoM cnY)I(li I(ao .nona31l a
Ta'lI,a 3a pewelhe np06neMa l(aHanH3aLlHje. IbHxOBa CTOjl1 y I-I aj-
y)l(oj Be3H ca nOTpowfuOM BOAe AQTI14HOr rpaAa npeMa 6pojy cTeHoBHHKa,
YnoTpe6JbeHe BOAe caAP)I(e llBpcTe OTn3TI(e H HHAycTpl1cKe cnJIa'lIme Te
ce CTora, Mopajy ABal-laecTocTpYI(O pa3peAI1TH BOAOM, nOMohy ypeljaja 3a
I1Cnl1paFbe.
OBO je nOTpe6Ho H paAI1 npaBl1nflOr cnlipafua rycTHHa 11 Aa 611 ce
<jlel(anHje WTO AY)l(e OAP)l(ane y CBe)J(eM CTafuY, 'Pj., Aa 11M ce ycnopH npOLlec
pacnaAafua AOI( jow Tel( Y Mpe)KOM, CBe AO Ta41(e 1(0Ha'iHOr H3nHBa
22 1
I{ao cpe.atba nOTpOWtba BOAe Y3HMa ce 100-150 JJHTapa Ha AaH no
cTaHoBHHI<Y a 3a nemu,e, MMJJHORCI(e rpaAoBe, Jl.O 300 H 500 JJHTapa.
OrnaAHe BOAe ce H3JJHBaTH y je3epo HJlH BellKKY peKY,
anH je TO peljH cnyqaj.
BehHHa rpaAOBa Mopa H3nHBaTH KaHanH3al.\Hjy y Malbe peKe, na '1al(
H Ha CyB TepeH. Y 06a ce -cJly'laj a l(aHanCKe Bo.ae, npe H3JlHBa, Mopajy
y'lHHHTH 6esonaCHHM, Aa He 3aralle pel(Y H TepeH; Mopajy ce nOABprHYTH
npe
t
u1whaBa!-bY
Y npoTHBHOM he HeMHHOBHO Aotm AO 3araljetba TepeHa H
BOlle a nOBpWHHCI{H cn060AHH TOKOBH y I(oje ce ynHBajy, 6HBajy onTepetieHH
BehoM- caAp>KHHOM cjJeKanHe BOAe H opraHCKHX MaTepl1ja.
I-bI1XOBO npHCYCTBO I1X '1I1He onaCHHM y CaHI1TapHOM norne.ay. PeKe
ce Ha Taj Ha'lI1H H MeXaflHql<H npJbajy Oll cjJaKanHor 6naTa H nnoBellHx
orna.aal<a, Te 3ApaBCTBeHO yrp0)KaBajy HH)Ka o6anCKa HaCeJb3, I(oja Aona3e
y AOAI1P ca pe'.JHOM BOAOM.
ce H Mopa ca tbl1XOBOM orpOMHOM BOAeHOM MaCOM Mory 3araAHTH
H 6HTH H3BOP 3apa3e y 30HaMa 6nH3Y MOPCI<HX 06ana. nOTpe6HO je !{aHaJl-
CKY BO.ay H3BeCTI1 l.\eBI1Ma Ay601(0 y Mope, y nOBOJbHe MOpCI(e cTpyje, I(oje
he I1X YAaJbHTH OA HaCeJba.
!{ao npHMep CRY>KH napHs Y KOMe ce paHnje rpMCI<a l(aHanCKa nOAa HSIDIBana
AHpeKTHO y Ceny H TIIMe je saraAHna Y TonHKoj MepH, Aa y !hoj HS4e3HYO coaKH
>KHOOT YCJleA HeAoCTaTKa KHceOJiHKa y BOAH, 1(0jH ce TPOUJHO Ha MI1HepanHSaQHjy opraH-
MaTepHja y !hHMa. VlCTH je cnyyaj ca BeHeQlljoM.
MO.aepHa CaHHTapHa TBXHHI(a CTHfH Ha rneAHWTY, Aa ce Oma.aHe BOAe
Mopajy y CBal(OM cnY'lajy npe'lHCTHTH He H3 3.apaBCTBeHI1X pa3nora,
Beh H H3 eKOHOMCIUIX; np_e'\.HumeHe, OBe ce Aajy HCKOPHCTHTH y nOJbOnpH-
BpeAH 3a HaTanalbe nOJba, jep caAp)!(e KopHCHe MHHepanHe cacTojl(e-
RHTpaTe.
JOUJ cy EnmhaHH onJloljaoanll cBoje neUJ4all0 Se'UbHllITe, AO KOjll X .mje AonHpao
nJlOAOHOCHH HaHOC OA H3J1nBa HIIJla, ca KaHanCI(OM OOAOM liS Anel<caHnpHje. VI AOl1Hllje
liMa AOCTa npHMepa Tal(BIIX nOllyxoaTa. TaKo y Xl Bel<y Tanl1j aHcKH cy HaTa-
nan" H KYJlTnOHCaJJH TcpeHe AOlbe JloM6apAI1je KaHanCKOM BOnOM 1-13 rpaAa MHnaH3. CJTH-
4HO je paljeHo y XVI oel<y y BaJlenQHjll; y XVI! Bel(Y y EAIIHGypry. Y EHrnecl(oj je
oell 1876 rOA nOIlCT 3aKOB 0 saGpaHH HSJllma l(aHaJlCl(e BOAe y rpallcl(e pe4ne TOI(OBe.
CaBpeMeHa CaHHTapHa TOXHHKa y BenHKOM 06HMy npl1Metbyje pa3He
Ha'lHHe HCI(Opl1wtiaBatba rpa.aCI<e f(aTlanCf(e BOAe y arpHKynl''YpHe CBpxe.
Y HeI!OCTaTI(Y norOAHI1X TepeHa 3a Ty CBPXY, KaHanCI(e ce Bo.ae HcnYWTajy
ApeHall(aMa y TepeH. To je CTora, WTO arpl1f(Y,ITypa CTaBJba
HCBeCHa orpaHH4etba y TOM CMI1Cny, OHa A03BOJbaBa H3nHBalDe orpaHH4eHJ1X
KOnH'IHHa KaHanCl(e BOAe a HS jBHwe H3JJHBe OA 500 CTaHOBHI1I<a no xeKTil py
rOAHWtbe. npe411whaBafbe 11 I1CI(opHwhaBatbe rpaACI(HX Bo.aa \IHHH noce6HY
CTPYI,y, Te He cnaJJ:a y ORBI1P OBe l(tbHre.
65. llleMa rpaACl(e Mpe)!(e
fga.acl(a ce l<aHaJll13al.\110Ha Mpe)l(a cacTojl1 113 Henpel(HAffOr
CHcTeMa KaHana H lIeBH OA nOQeTHI1X TaqaKa .ao 3ajeAHHql{e Ta'll(e H3nHBalba.
3a nOBna'leFbe TP.ace OBal(Be Mpe)Ke, [(oja saBHCH OA MecHHX ycnoBa,
06nl1Ka aeMJbHWTa 11 .aPYfHX npHnHI(a, Tpa)KH ce H BenHI(O HCKYCTBO H
BenHJ(O 3Hatbe.
222
l{ao cpeJllba nOTpOWlba BOJle Y3HMa ce 100-150 JlHTapa Ha ):laH no
cTaHoBHHKY a 3a BeJlHhe, MHnHOHCRe rpaJlOBe, JlO 300 H 500 nHTapa.
OrnaJlHe BOJle ce H3nHBaTH y Mope, je3epO HM Be.nHI<Y pel<}',
ami je TO pet)H cnyqaj. .
BetiHHa rpaJlOBa Mopa H3nHBaTH l<aHanH3al\Hjy y Malbe peKe, na qal(
H lia CyB 'fepeH. Y 06a ce -enY'laja l<aHanCl<e BOJle, npe H3JlHBa, Mopajy
y'lJ1HH'fH 6e30nacHHM, Jla He 3araJle pel<y H 'fepeH; Mopajy ce nO):lBprHYTH
npe'lHwtiaBalbY
Y npOTHBHOM tie HeMHHOBHO 1l.0tiH JlO 3araljelba 'fepeHa 0
BOJle a nOBpWHHCI(H Cn060JlHH TOI<OBH y I<oje ce ynHBajy, 6HBajy omepetieHH
BetioM' CaJlp)l(HHOM q,eKanlle BOJle H opraHCKHX Ma'fepHja.
lbl1XOBO npHcyC'fBO HX ''IHHe onaCHRM y caHHTapHOM norneJlY. PeKe
ce Ha Taj Ha'lHH H MeXaHHqKH npJbajy OJl q,al(anHor 6naTa 11 nnoBellHX
OmaJlaKa, 'fe 3JlpaBC'fBeHO yrpo)l(aBajy HH)I(a 06ancI<a Hace.n.a, I(oja Jlona3e
y ):lOJlHP ca pe'lHOM BOJlOM.
4al( ce H Mopa ca IbHXOBOh\ orpOMHOh\ BOJleHOM MaCOM MOry 3araJlH'fH
H 6H'fH H3BOP 3apa3e y 30HaMa 6JlH3Y MOPCI<HX 06ana. nOTpeoHo je KaHan-
CKY BOJlY H3BeGTH. l\eBHMa Jly601<0 y Mope, y nOBOJbHe MOpCl<e cTpyje, I(oje
tie HX YJlaJbHTH OJl HaceJba.
l{ao npHMep cn}')l<H napHS Y KOMe ce pallHje rpanCKa KaHanCKa Bona H3nHBana
AHpeKTHO Y CeHY H T11Me je 3aranl1na Y TomlKoj MepH, na je Y Iboj H34e3HYO CBaKH
lKHBOT YCllen lIeAOCTaTKa KHceOIlI'[Ka Y BOAH, KOju ce TpOWl10 Ha MHHepanl!3aUHjy opraH-
MaTepHja Y IbHMa. I1cTH je cnY9aj ca BelleUHjOM. '
MOJlepHa CaHHTapHa THXHHKa CTHjH Ha rneJlHlllTy, Jla ce omaJlH.e BOJle
h\Opajy y CBal<OM cnY'lajy rrpetHrCTHTH He cah\O H3 3JlpaBCTBeHHX pa3nor a,
Beti H H3 eKOHOMCKHX; np_e,!HurtieHe, OHe ce Jlajy HCI(OPHCTHHI y nOJbOnpH-
BpeJlR 3a HaTanalbe [lOJba, jep caJlp)l(e KopHCHe MHHepanHe cacTojKe-
HHTpaTe.
Jow cy EnmnaHII onnoljaBanH cBoje neWqaHO 3e.\Uhl-IWTe, no KOjHX HHje nonllpao
OllonolloClI1I HallOC on "'3nHBa HHlla, ca KaHanCI(OM BOnOM H3 AaeKcaHupHje. H AOUIIHje
HMa nOCTa npHMepa 'taKBIIX nonyxBaTa. TaKo y XI BeKY TaJlHjaHcKH cy Ha'ta-
nanH 11 K)'nTHBHcanH TepCHe nOlbe Jl oM6apnHj e KaHanCKOM BOnOM 113 rpana Ml1naHa. Cml-
ql{0 je pafjeHo y XVI BCKY Y BaneHuHjH; Y XVII BeKY Y En,,,,6ypry. Y EHrnecKoj je
Ben 1876 rOA. AOHeT 3aKOH 0 3a6paHI1 H311118a KallanCKe Bone Y rpanCKe peqlle TOKOBe.
CaBpeMeHa caHHTapHa TOXHHI(a y BenHI<OM 06HMY npHMelbyje pa3He
lIaqHHe HCI(OpHWiiaBalba rpaACI<e !<aHanCl(e BOAe y arpHI<ynTypHe CBpxe.
Y HeAOCTaTKY norOAHHX TepeHa 3a Ty CBPXy, l<aHanCI<e ce BOAe HcnYWTajy
nOA3eMHH,\\ Jl peHa)J(aMa y TepeH. T o je cTora, WTO arpHRynTypa CTaBJba
HCBeCHa orpaHH'Ielba y TOM CMHCJlY, OHa Jl03BOJbaBa H3nHBalbe orpaHH'IeHI1X
KOnRqHHa l<aHanCI( e BOJle a HajBHwe H3mIBe OJl 500 CTaHOBHHl<a no xel<Tapy
rOJlKWlbe. npeqHumaBalbe H HCKopHmtiaBalbe rpaJlcl(HX BOAa qHHH [lOCe6RY
C'fpyl\y, Te He cna.L(a y O!(BHP OBe I(IbHre.
65. llIeMa rpaJlcl(e Mpe)l(e
rpaACI{a ce KaHanH3al\HOHa Mpe)l(a cacTojH 113 [lOBe3aHor RenpeKHAHor
CHCTeMa KaHana H neBH oil. nOqeTHHX TaqaKa JlO 3ajeJlHI1qKe Taql( e H3JlHBalba .
3 a nOBnaqelbe TP.ace OBa1(Be Mpe)l(e, l(oj a 3aBHCI1 OJl MeCHHX ycnoBa,
06nH I(a 3eMJbHInTa H JlpyrHx npl1nHKa, Tpa)l(H ce H BeJllmO HCI(YCTBO H
BeJlHI(O 3Halbe.
222
MP.e)l(a Y MHO rOMe nOTceha Ha CTaono ca rpaHaMa.
Cnono Je Y OBOM enYtJ.aJY, rnaBHH caoHpHH KaHan (rnaBHH KOJIeI{TOp), KOjH
ce rpaHa Y a OBH Y cnope)J,He, )J,O HajYA3JbeHHjHx If ffajMa-
a.HX rpaRa.
Ha en. 228 je neT HatJ.Hlia TpaCHpau.a. npBH Ha4HH je
3acTapeo H Jep ce ynHBajy y pel <y y caMOM rpaAY
CneAeha TpH Ha4HHa )J,aJY OOJb3 Ii eaBpeMelll1ja pewea.a.
CmlKa 228 - Tpace YllUqUC Mpe)l(e (1-5)
nOCne):la.H HalJl1H je norO)J,aH HJpO'lHTO 9a rpa)J,OBe y , paBHHuaMa ' H
ca HeAQ.BOJbHHM Tel(yhHM rpa):lCl(llM BOAaMa.
UeJIa Tpaca je nOAeJbeHa Y cel(TOpe, OA 1(0jHX CBal(H HMa CBOj noceOHH
KOnel<TOp H TalJKY 'H3JlHBaa.a OBal(BO pewea.e je Hap0'lHTO nOAeCHO 3a npe-
'lHwfiaBaa.e rpa)J,CKMX BO)J,a H a.H?,OBO HCI(0pHwtea.e aa KynTHBHcaa.e Ol(on-
ffor rpa)J,Cl(Or aeMJbHWTa.
UeJIOl(ynHa I<aHanCKa Mpe)l(a HMa ABa rnaBHa Aena: y n H tJ. H Y 11
I{ Y h R Y M P e)l( y. k1aKo ooe, y eywTHHH, HMajy HCTY CBpXy, Hnal( ce
npHnH'lRO pa3Jl\1I<yjy, H no <PYHI(l\HjH l(ojy BPWe, H no HatJ.HHY 113paAe, H
no MaTepHjaJIY OA OBora ce npaBe, H no AeTaJbHMa CaMe I<OHCTpYKuHje.
223
MO)Ke ce peRH Aa cy TO ABe 3aceOHe rpaHe OBe CTpYKe, ca noce6HHM
npaBHnHHl.\HMa 3a
YJlHtlHa hlpe)l(a BHllIe y 06JlaCT xHApOTeXHI-me; a KYRHa Mpe)l(a
BHllle Y HHCTaJl al.\Hje.
JeAHa BpcTa np06JleMa ce nOCTaBJba y npBoj eTanH TOKa, Y KylulOj
Mpe)l(l1, a caCBHM ApyrH, noce6HH np06J1e"'H y APyroj eTanH, y YJll1'lHoj Mpe)KH.
66. [naBHH CHCTeMH ynHqHe Mpe)l(e
YJlH4Ha Mpe)l(a ce npoBoAH KP03 CBe Tal{O, Aa MO)l(e npHMHTH
Y ceoe MHor06pojHe npHKJbyqKe 1'13 nojeAHHHx 3rpaAa H HMaI-ba. MaI-bH
KaHanH, ca npeqHHKOM OA 200 AO 400 MM. 113BOAe ce OA KepaMH41(11X l.\eBH,
a BeRH l(aHaJiH OA 6eToHa (BI'OlH CJI. 229).
CnHl(a 229 - YnnQIlH I(alIamr OA oeTona
Ha CJI. 230 BHAH ce rpaCpH4f(a I{OHCTPYI{lIHja j aj acTor npecel(a YJl H-
-IHor l{aHana.
3HARHH KaHaJlH ce BHwe He ynoTpeOJbaBaj y 3601' I-bHXOBe nponycTJbH-
BOCTH; Mo1'y ce 113Y3eTHo, ynoTpe6HTI1 3a If HwmlllY.
ViMa JlBa Ha'lHl-ta y YJll1'1He "'pe)l(e: j e JI a H j e C I( Y n H H,
a JI p Y 1'JI no A BO j e H H. .
C K Y n H H H a 4 H H j e cli cTeM KaHaJla l{ojl'U\\ ce yjeAHo OABOAe 1'1
oTnaAHe ynoTpe6JbeHe BOAe H MeTeOpCI(e, 1(I1Wfl e BOAe .
. no A BO j e H H C H C T e M ce cacTojH OA ABe noce6He Mpe)Ke l(aHaJla:
JeAHe 3a cJ> e I< a Jl He,. ynoTpe6JbeHe BOAe H3 3rpaAa, H APyr e 3a '" e Teo pc" e,
I(I1UIIIe BOAe.
224
,J,pyrll ie Ha'lIlH HOBlljll II ce .\Iory Haj nOBO.1>Hllje .la pewe caBpe-
.\leHIl 3eXTeBil xlIrnjeHe II TeXtlIlKe.
n pBH nOl<rmajll Y ro.14 npaouy '1l1lb<ml C)" r EHr.,ecyoj jow 1843 ro., . a;1.II je -reI<
1 CO:!. KII>!<. Bapuur yoeo rnj CIIeTe" y rp;u)' Me.'l<\lncy y C. A . .2. Haj ja'lll !beroo
apry.\lwar sa T3.k"BO pewefbe, 0110 j e y 411tbeHltUII .l3 ce H3 HaQUH.t h.dJ13
"""a, CJ\)'JI<II ca\(o 3a <\Ie"""H), 8O:!)", Ib<roo
npeco" 3HaTl{O c.14albyje.
Oil je \'T0p:luo:ta O:tIlOC 113.\(eIiY nO:tBO-
jeanx k-aHa.la. n KUllIHor: crojit Y
cpa3."ep" 1 : 50 :to 1 : 120. Tn.". je y<neo :ta
3a rpal Ol 16OO{X) CTaHOBHJn.;a npIO\e.IUI 03.-
BO.lH){ KaH. al 0.1 CBera 500 se.lltl{llHe noe-
t{HUK3. y3 Hanlo 0.1 0,0017 .'L It ny1:betbC ue II
O.l 0.5 0 I npl! y."epeHoj nOTpoWfbll BOle T. j.
npH 1f3.1ItBIt.\\ 3 O.l. 50 .1IfT. Ha r.laoy It .l3M.
He;J.ocTaTaK nO;J.BojeHor II Te.'la
je y nocKyn.1>eIbY IIHBeCHIUIIOHIIX lpO-
WKOBa 0"0 113pa.le, alIII ce
pa3.'leWTaje.'1 II IIcKopllurnaBa-
lbe.'1 CTe'leHliX IICKYCTasa, TpowaK .'IO)Ke
.la C.\lalbl1.
...
...
"-
...
'--'>0
C.,,,,,a 230 - r palj>nQKa "OHCTPy"ullja
jajacror npo$lL,a
He,,11 Hay'lHlluil II npa"'"'I apll jow II ca.la c"laTpajy .la ce nO"loty
cKynHor CIICTe.ll a Hajoo.1>e pew-Ba nllTalbe KaHaJl1I3aUllje je.lHOr HaCe,Da'
BdlllHa IIX. ,\leijyTlIM, ;J.P)KII .J.a ie nO.lBojeHII 50.bll. n OMolly no!l,BO-
jeRor CIICTe.\\a noeTlI)KY ee 60.1>11 Y Tf.'I[HII'I KOM II xllrlljeflcKoM
norJle.lY a \I eKcn.qOaTauHja H o.J. p)KaBalbe je .ualillle II jeqlTllllHje Hero KO.l
eKynHor H3'1I1Ha, TaKO .la ce Ha;J.OKHaijyje nOqeTHIl Bellll H3.laTaK.
YIICTIIHY, Ka.l ce ynope.le OBa .lBa Hallll Ile ce y II
.W5pliX II JlOllllIX CTpaHa . YKynHo }'3eBllIlI, nO;J,BojeHII mla BemtK.!1X
npeilHOCTH Ha.l eh:ynHIlM.
r JlaBHII He.lOCTaTaK cKynHor CHCTf.\la je Taj, llITO KaHaJl II :t0611jajy
cyBluue BeJlHKe .l1l.\leH3lIje, npeMa KlIlIIHOM C.n Il B , Y ca
.'l amB! pe.lOBHlm Oma.'1HHX, ynolpeO.1>eHIIX BO,J.a 113 3rpa.la.
Cnllpalbe KaHana je RenpaBllJlHHje a o;J.p)KaBalbe CKyn.!be, jep Ha
311.l0Be KaRaJla 3aCTajy Ii Jlene ee np,lbilBWTIIHe nOCJIe BehllX CJII1BOBa, KaJl
HIIBO BO.le ona:tHe ycne.J. c.'lalbeHor nplIJlllBa .
TaKaB je t.'1YQ'aj ca role yC.le..l. CKynux )lexaml"qKltx H3npaBa n
3Hamor )'Tponn.::a pUHe CHare Ha onp<aaatbY rpUC1\e cKynHor CIIC'1"eM3,
OBO npeTCTaOiba 33 6yl,l eT rpua Be.'II"O orrrepefielbe.
KO.l nOllBojeHor CIICTeMa O.'1p)KaBalbe KaHaJla je Jlah.We,
6piKe 11 jeqlTllHllje, jep je 3a Ty CBPXY)(080,1>HO: CHaiKHO II OO!lJlRO IICJlltpalbe
KaHaJla BO.lOM nO.l
TaKo je IICTO KO.l cKynHllx KaHaJla TeiKe nOCTlitH Tpai Hlljy Henpony-
CTJbIlBOCT KaHaJla Bemn{HX pa3MfRll . Y c.aHliTaPHOM . norJle:!y KO)( cKymlllx
Oe3 nOTpeOe ce 3araijyjy CBe .\leTeopcKe BO.!(e, llITO y Kpajlboj JIIiHHjH
KOMIUIIIKyje II nocKymhyje BeWTa'IKe ypeijaje 3a npe'luurnasalbe yc.lIe)( nOBe-
llaRe KOJlllqllHe KaHanCKe BO.le .
YKOJlIIKO je sellll npe'lRIlK KaRa,,1a 3a liCTY KOJIllqll HY BO;J.e, yTOJllfKO
je CnHpalbe RenoBolbHlIje, jep ce nOBellasa nOBplllHHa Tpelba II IIcnapaBalba,
Te ce rYCTIIHe TaJlO)Ke y KaRaJlY II nOBell asa jy Tpy!btlBe npoueee.
HCTO TaKO, nocne BeJlm;IIX Klfllia Ii Hamor ona.!(alba HllBoa BOile, no
IbHXOBY npecraHKY, OCTajy 3a.len.!beHe pa3He npJbaBWTHRe Ha 3li.!(OBllilla KaHana ,
15 I(ylma KananH33Ul1ja
225
CmlKa 231 - npn60p 3a OAp)I(aDalbC KaHana
, I I
I _
\ /4-... /A.<u/ .. $' ..... ...
// / / / /''' /
226
Te ce pa3BHjaJY HenpHjaTHH raCOBH, KOjH I(Y)l(e rpaACI(H Ba3l1yx, a ollp)I(a-
Balbe H 4HlIIliefbe l(aHana nocKynJbyje.
Ha cn. 231 H 232 BHAH ce Ha'lHH 11 cpeAcTBa ynoTpe6JbeHa y Ty CBpXy.
)J.a 6n ce , y Benl1l(nM l{aHanl1Ma CI{ynHor CHCTeMa oMorylil1no npaBRn-
HRje cnHpafbe, OHH ce H3paljyjy jajaCTor 06nHKa, npH 4eMY Y)I(e KOPHTO
cnY)l(H 3a HopManaH Manl1 npOTOI(, tlnH ce H3palj yje ca HapO'lHTHM
y AOfbeM Aeny, 4Hja BenH'lHHa oAroBapa 1(0nH'ItIHH npOTOKa (B. cn. 229).
CI{ynHH CHCTeM He06114Ho nocKynJbyje -npe'll1l11haBafbe BOAe, jep Tpe6a
oTcTpaHHTH MyJb OA I(HlIIHHue, 1(011 fbeHor Harnor H BenHKor npRnHBa,
lIITO ce R36eraBa H3paAoM I{HlIIHHX npenl1Ba Ha rnaBHOM AOBOAfiOM I(Onel{-
TOPY HnH nOMoliy npenl1Ba 3a IOllllHY BOAY HcnpeA TanO)l(HHI(a.
HCTo TaKO nocTojH onacl-locT, Aa ce l(aHanH3auHja H3mrje I{P03 ynH411e
npHjeMHHKe y AOfbHM CnHBOBl1Ma Mpe)l{e, l(aA !-I atll]e npoaana 06naJ(a '1nl1
!-IafnO OTanafbe CHera.
CnUI(a 233 - npenJlBHH lUlWHH l( aHaJI
nOCTojH H He3rOAa Aa ce CTBOPH ycnop Ha Mpe)KH, 360r npeonTepelie-
HOCTtI KaHana. MO)l(e ce AeCHTH Aa ce KaHanCI(a BOAa H3mlje Kp03 l(yliHe
npHI{JbY'II{e y AOfba OAeJbefba 3rpaAa. AnH A06po CMHlIIJbeHHM
OBe je He3rOAe Moryfie YI(nOHHTl1.
Kao npeAoxpaHa CTaBJbajy ce nOBpaTHH 3aTBapa4H cn. 62 H 63. EOJbI1
je HaqHH OCTaBHTH OAYlllKY y caMOM l(aHany Ha nOTpe6Hoj BHCHHH, Aa I(P03
Taj oABojal( OTH'IC y peKy BHlIIal( Ha6yjane BOAe OA IOlllla. To cy T. 3B. n p e-
n H B H 11 K H 1II H H I( a Han H cn. 233.
KOA nOABojeHor ce ' CHCTeMa Mory AOCTa TalJHO Aa oApeAe BenH'IHHe
l{aHana 3a ynoTpe6JbeHe npJbaBe BOAe H TO npeMa nOTpOlllfbH BOAe H 6pojy
CTaHOBHHKa ca npoueHTOM npHpalllTaja, a Ha 6a3H KYTepOBor 06pacua 11
Ta6nHue XXX I 3a AHMeH3HoHHpafbe ueBI1 I(PY)I(HOr npecel{a. -
)J.I1MeH3Hje THX l(aHana cy cpa3MepHO Mane npeMa OrpOMfIHM l(aflanHMa
CI( ynHor CHCTeMa. Cmrpafbe je npaBHnliI1je, jep je npOtrOK cTa6Hnafl, a 1-larH6
OTHuafba nOAellleH Ta'lHO npeMa nOTpe611.
KaHanH 3a MeTeOpCI(Y BOAY Mory 6HTI1 OA jeBTHHHjer MaTepHjana Hi
Mory ce OABOAHTH Hajl<pafiHM nyTeM y rpaACKe peKe, a OTnaAHe ce BOAe
ApyrtiM l(aHanl1Ma M3BOAe M3BaH rpaAa.
Y CTapl1M Benl1hl1M rpaAOBMMa, oBaj CHcTeM _oMoryliaBa Aa ce AenMMHue
HCI(OPHCTH CTapa l<al-lanH3aUHja 3a OABOA 1<tlllll-IHue, a Aa' ce caMO 3a OTflaAHe
BOAe YBeAe HOBa Mpe)J(a.
15 227
/
H360p H3Meijy OBa JlBa 'CKCTeMa 3aBHCH 01( MeCHHX ycnoBa H IjlHHaHcH-
CKHX cpeCTaBa. . npH OJViY'!HBHfbY Tpe6a Y3eTK y 063KP CBe eneMeHTe:
TepeHCI<e, XHllporpa<jJCKe, xHrHjeHcKe, TeXHH'H(e H ekoHoMCI<e.
CmfKa 235 - n OJIQ)f(aj f(aHana f(OIl nOIlBojc:<or CHCTCMa ca CIfJl :l30 M
228
YonliITe yaeBwH, (I(YIIHH CHCTe,'1 Ol!.rOBapa BHwe 3a rpanoBe Ha nanH-
llaMa 11 y3BHweHOM TlIy.
n OJlBojeHI1 CHCTeM nal( norO)J.HHjH je 3a HHCJ.:e 0611aCTH, r l!.e ce npHpO,llHO
OTIU.lalhe rpaBHTal.HljoM. 3lior HeMalha nOTpe6ml X Harl-l 6a , He MO)f(e I<0PI-IC'I-ITH
YBel< HI-I Y uellHHH HH Hero ce Mopa npHcTynHTIl MeXaHI1'1I<OM
113)J.113a!hy l<aHall CJ<e BO,lle y BHWH pe'lHH TOI< IUIH TepeH.
,lJ,BoCTpYl<a l(aHalla MO)I(e HIHI nOTnYHO He3aBHCHO, allH j e IiOlbe
H el(OHOMHlIHHje, rAe ro,ll je Moryli , ,Ila H,Ily 3aje,llHO, Tj. jel!.Ha Ha,ll ,Il pyroM;
HH)f(e je Mpe)l(a 3a Oma,llHe BO,lle, a 03ro Il3H a I!. !-be je "aHall 3a 1(1-1 WHH uy .
ClI. 234 H 235.
YnoTpe6JbaBa ce H MeWOBJoITJoI CJoICTeM, no l (OMe ce je,llaH ,Ileo I( HWHJoIue
3a BpeMe MallHX na,llOBa, nywn y Mpe)J(Y 3a oma,llHY BO,lly, a Belilol nlbY-
CI(OBJoI H npHlIJoIB, I!.a He lilol OMeTallJol npaBJoIlIHO l(aHallJol3a-
Ul1je, I1cnYWTajy ce y OIiH'IIIJoI nOMolnm KaHall Cll. 236.
t--._ .
1--
- --
t..--=
CJIHI<a 236 -- I{urnuu WlHan Y IlclbllllrpallY
6eorpa,llcl<a je J<aHall l1 3auHj a CnpOBe,lleHa Ha lia3H CJ<ynHor CHCTeMa,
C 01i3HPOM Ha y3,1lJolrHYT nOllO)I(aj rpa,llCI<or TepeHa ca HeJ<OllHl( O 1(11WHI-IX
npeJ\l1BHI-IX l(aHalla.
nOCTojH H T.3B. HenomYHI1 nO)J.BojeHI-I cHcTeM, y }(ojeM nOCTojl1 caMO
Mpe)f(a nO,ll3eMHI1X l(aHalla 3a OTna,llHY BO,lly, a MeTeopCJ<a ce BO,lla OJlBOAli
nOBpWI1HOM YJIHUe H YlIJoIlIIHlo\I japl(OBHMa y )cIaj61111)I(Y pel(Y, nOTOI( 1111H
japyry. OBaj je ClICTeM eKOHOMH'IaH allH He pewaBa y nomYHOCTH nJ1Ta!-be
OJlBOAa CBHX nplbaBHx BO,lla H3 Hacelba H cTBapa caolipahajHe TewKohe y
ymll.laMa ca )f(HBHM c,a06pal1ajeM.
67. YJlH'IHH npH60pil H npHl(lby'lLlH
aJ P e8u3uoHU CUIIU3U
KaHallH cy npHcTyna'lHH "P03 O,llrOBapajyhe cHM3e, ce cTaBlbajy
Ha CBal(I1X 50 M. pacToj a!-ba y npaBoj 1II1HHjl1, 3aTI1M Ha MecnlMa r,lle ce CTl1lJe
ABa 1111H Tpl1 l <aHalla yje,llHO 1-11111 ol(peliy 113 CBor npaBLla ClI. 24 .
229
CBa ce OBa MeCTa Mopajy KOHTpOMfcaTf1, jep 'IBpent OTnal.\" " TaJl03"
Mory HerAe y Mpe)KI1 Ha 3aCTaHY.
CnHKa 237 - YnHqHH CnI<BHI![lH
Cf'lJI a3H cy I<py)/{HOr npeceKa e npe-
4HHFOM 0.,\ 0,90-1,00 M. a H3paljyjy ce y
cBeMY npcMa onHcy y3 CJIHI<y 33.
6) CJlU81-1UljU
j{HllIHwua " OTOnJbeH CHer CJIHBajy ce
y yJlH4Hy KaHaJIH3al.\11jy npel(Q Hap04HTI1X
npHjeMHHl(a, OA f(OjI1X je HajBllll1e y yno-
Tpe6IiT.3B. "rajrepoB CnHB'Hlll(" ca
BOlleHHM 3aTBapalJeM, aJlH nocTojH H HH3
llpyrHx CHCTeMa I<aKO ca BOAeHHM 3aTBapa-
4eM, Tal(O H oe3 3aTBapa4a aJlH HWCY Tal<O
nOJ\ecHH W eIjlHI{aCI-IH.
rajrep'OBH cy CJIH13HHI.\H Tal{ O KOHCTPY-
HcaHH Aa 3aAp)l<aBajy npHJIH4aH np0l.\eHo.T
TaJIOra f1 MyJba OA CnHpal-ba ca yJIHl.\a. Vl3pa-
I)yjy ce OA 6eToHa, Oll ABa Aena. Y J\Ol-beM
je AeJIY CJIHBHI1I<a Kotj>a Oil. jal( or n01.\11H1<0-
BaHor JIHMa 3a XBaTal-be TaJIOra, I<oja Ce
H npa3HH.
Te'lHH Aeo ce npeJIWBa I(P03 OTBOP Y
KaHaJll13al.\Hjy H Ha TOMe je MeCTy yrpaljeH
BOAeHH 3aTBapalf-cHljloR, I<OjH cnpelfaBa npo-
Allpal-be raCOBa 113 KaHana Ha yJIHl.\y. rOpl-bl1
Aeo y 06J1WKY 06HlfHe 6eTOHc!<e l.\eBH CJIY)/{W
HCKJbY4HBO TOMe, Aa cnyCTH HI1BO MJ\e y
J\Ol-beM nOTOnJbeHOM AeJIY Ha 1,0 M. Ay6wHe
H OTI<JIOHH YTHl.\aj Mpa3eBa. 0 3ro HMa TellilHI
nHBeHH no,(JI onau ca pe6pHMa Ha pa3Mal<y
OA 15 MM. HajMal-ba BenH4HHa yHyTpallilber
npelfHHl<a je 450 MM, a OABOA OA 150 MM.
CJI. 237.
l{oA cKynHor eWCTeMa YJlwIHe KaHaJll13aU!1je CJlWBHf11{ CC Be3yje 3a
I"JlaBHH yJlH'IHf'I KOJleKTOp a I{OA nOABojeHor CHCTeMa ynH4lie l(aHanH3aUlije,
,!(lipeKTHO y noce6aH I<WllIHW KaHan.
68. 3a1(JbY'lal(
Vl3 CBera AocaA 113nO)!<eHor, MO)Ke ce jacHwje YO'lwHi CBa CnO)KeHOCT H
Q6WMHOCT OBe TeXHH41{e rpaHe, I(oja Ce OAHOCH Ha np06neM OTCTpalbel-ba
OTnaAHe BOAe H3 3rpaAa " HaCeJba.
Y YBOAHOM Aeny je Bel1 HanoMeHyTo, 01\ KaKBe je Ba)J<HOCTH l{aHanH3a-
I.\Hja anH ce TeK Ha Kpajy KIbHre, AeTaJbHHM npOY'laBalbeM OBl1X
eaCTaBHHX AenOBa " IbHXOBHX IjlYHI{I.\Hja, AQ6wja nOTBpAa 3a TO.
Pe3HMe uen01{ynHor rpaAHBa Morao 611 ce CBeCTH I-Ia 4eTHpH OCI-IOBHe
cMepHHue, I{ojHMa ce Tpe6a pyKOBOAHTI1 paAH nOCTH3al-ba I<pajlber. I.\HJba.
npe CBera je nOTpe6Ho, Aa ce Ch\HllIJbeHHM H conHAHllM YB0l)elbeM XHrH-
jeHcKHx ypeljaja y I{ylm, 06e36eAH 3ApaB H yroAaH 60paBaK JbYAH, Aa ce
npy)/{e paJ\HoM 40Bel{y CBe Cal.l peMeHe TeI{OBHHe, Koje l1e My nOMol1H J\a
230
nonpaBl1 CBO je ){(HBOTli e ,YCJIOBe H oMoryhH MY, tta ce6H npH6aBH TeneCHO
OCBe)J(elbe nOCJIe HanopHor ttHeBHor paJ\a .
. 3a
TH
M tta ce l(aHamnal.\Hja y KyhH nOCMarpa ca rnettHlIITa OnIlITe jaBHe
XHrHjeHe I(ao Ha caCTaBHH lbeH tteo, I(OjH yna3H y I(OMnneI<C np06neMa aca-
Hal.\Hje HaCeJba H OAp)l(aBalba lbHXOBor 3t1paBcTBeHor HHBoa Ha nOTpe6Hoj
BHCHHH.
003HaTa je '1HlbeHHl.\a, tta je y rp3AoBHMa 6e3 l(aHanH3al.\Hje H BOtlO-
yrpo)J(eHO Ott '1eCTJ.IX q60neBalba, J<oja ce Hel{H nyT pa3BH-
JajY y npaBe enHAeMI1je. HapO'lHTO y rpaAoBHMa ca BHCOJ<OM nOtt3eMHOM
BOttOM, jep 6yHapH ycnett nponYCTJbHBOCTi1 HenponHCHHX HY)Kmlql<HX j aMa,
ca 3araljeHoM jaMCl(OM BOAOM.
MMa MHoro npHMepa y HCTOpHjl1 pa3Boj a rpattOBa, nojaBa 11
qHTaBHX nOMopa CTaHOBH"'lllTBa. Haj60Jbe OBO HnYCTpyje cny'laj ca jettHHM
Ott llajJlenlllHX rpattOBa Hehta'",e, MI1HxeHOM.
n CTCHxo4!ep je D1IWerOAHwlbHM nOCMarpaH>CM l(OHCrarOBaO lHlfbeHIIUY, n3 nOCTojll
y n a,ltJhllD OJl.HOC 113Mcljy OCUH113l{lIje HHBoa BQAC H ofioncJ-ba Ii CMPTHOCTI1 0,[1,
Tp6YllIHor CTaJlHO 060ncoa.bc 011. m$yca P.O 1882 rOl(. IIMano je c.<opo CHllCMH4aH
06nlll< . .D,lIjarpaM jc nOl<a3110aO opno OWTpO 11 3pa)l(cllY Kp'lDyn,y CMPTHOCTU npeMa rOIl.II-
WIMIM Ii CT31hy nOA3elltHC BOAC.
Ca yooljelbeM I<aHaWl3allllje II OOIl.OOOll.a 1882 roll.. Harno je onano 060neoa.be II
CMPTHOCT a KpHoYlba Ha All jarpaMY nO.<a311Dana je CI(OPO npaoy nmll1jy ceM H3Y3CTHO
Manor 6poja 060ne'ha, 3a I(oja je ollno YTopljeHo, I\a cy AOHCTa 113 II.pymx Ol\llaCTIi 011.
oc06a oell 3apameHIIX, na cy y opeMeHY HHI(y6alluje, AonYTooanu.
aBO HCTO Ba)J(H 3a hlliore Hallle rpattoBC H HaCeJba, jep ce 6poj rpattoBa
sa l(aHanH3al.\HjoM y Hallloj 3eMJbH, MO)J(e 1136pojaT'" Ha npCTe. C Tora ce
oBaj np06neM y Hac nOCTa)lJba I(ao npBopa3peAHH caHHTapHo:yp6aHHCTH'IJ{H
np06neM.
TaJ(olje ce flCTi1'1e n"'Talbe perYJlHCalha H3n"'Ba rpattcKHX l{aHana.
M3Jl"'BalbC lleCMe H"'Yl{OM cJlyqajy Aa ycnett'" y pelllie TOI(OBe ttY)J{
rpattcl{or pejolia, Beh no MoryhCTBY jeAall '" BHllle 1{"'JlOMeTpa HH)J{e, H3Ball
llaceJba.
OOTpe61l0 je 06e3CettHTIi Il"'SBottlia HaCeJba, I(oja 6", 6"'Jla 3ttpaBcTBeHo
yrpo)J<eHa Ott 3araljelba pe'lHe BOAe.
OCHM Tora, ttallac ce npellHlllhaBalt e l{aHanCJ{e BOAe nOCT3BJba He cahlO
I{ao 3ttpaBCTBeHa 3alllTHTHa Mepa, Beh nOCTaje Ba)J(aH el(OIlOMCI<J1 !jJal(TOp .
Ope CBera jc y HIiRpecy yHanpcljefba pH6apcroa, tta ce cnpe'lH: OnTe-
pehelbe pellHe Botte !jJel{aJlHHM OpraHCI{HM npHMecaMa, '1Hje npHCYCTBO y
lbHMa HAe Ha ylllTp6 nOBOJbHHX YCJlOBa sa )I(11BOT H pa3MHO)l(aBalhe pH6a.
OHe 3acTajy y CBOM pa3BHhy H 6pOjHO onaAajya 3aTHM HanylllTajy 3araljelle
TOI{OBe If ceJle ce y nOBOJbHHje pejoHe 60raTHje I{HCeOHHI{OM. Ope yBoljelba
OOaBe31l0r npellHlllhaBalba l{aHaJlGl{e BOtte pe'lIlH TOI{OBH BenHx rpattoBo, Ha
AeceTHHe I{HJlOMeTapa IHI3BOAIl0, HHCY npY)l{aJlH YCJlOBe 3a pH60nOB.
Haj3att jOlll je Ba)l(1l11jH el<OHOMCKH <jJal{TOp nOTpe6e npe'lHlllhaealba,
lllHp01{a npHMeHa KaHanCI<HX BOA a y CBpXy HanOttlbaBalba arpHI(YJlTypIlHX
repella 01(0 rpattOBa, 611n0 tta ce ca cIla6tteBa rpatt nOBpheM, 611JlO
tta ce HCI(OpHllihaBa 3a ceTBY WHper 3Ha'laja. .
Ha I{pajy l{lbHre, MOrJla 6H ce nOHOBa nOTBpttl1TH KOHCTaTal.\l1Ja ttaTa y
n04eTl<Y, tla HMajyhH y BHtty CBe AO catt pC'IeHO, l{aHaJlH3al.\I1ja 3aHCTa
H3Jla3H H3 Y)l(er oncera cTpy'lHe Cnel.\HjanHOCTI1 ](ao TeXHH'II<Or nocna, Bch
tt06Hja lllHpH onlllTe-I<YJlTypHH I<apaJ(Tep .
I
231
CA):{P}I{AJ
I Onw'l'H Ileo
J. OnWTH nOjMoBH 0 KauaJIll3aullju II lbCHOj capell ...
2. npupona H caCTan KyhHHX OTna.lll-llfX nona
3, n OTpe6a M 3Haqaj K.HanH3allHjc
4, OCBPT II. "CTop"eK" pa3Boj
5, 8pCTC om'AHIIX BOAa .. , .. , .. ,
a) H y>KHHttKC HnH tftcKaJlHC 6naTHc OTna.llHe noJl.C
6) O..TnaAHe Bo.ne OA KYXIUbCKIiX cnn3QlUIa ._,
B) OTnaAFie BOAe OA pa3110r npatha .. ' .. , .. ,
r) OTnaAT-IC BOAC Oll HHnYCTpIlCI<HX Cnn3
l
Ull-ia
A) OmaAue BOAe OA aTMoc<j>epCKIIX Tanora .. ,
6. TOI( OTna,nIUIX Bona
CTptUJ::l
7
8
8
10
11
\I
13
14
15
15
16
7. WCM3 OABonHor CHCTCMa y I(ylul H 09H31\3 nojenmlllx .n,enona. a) J<ylma onnOAHa
Mpe>Ka; 6) ,l{BOpHWHa OAeOAHa "'pc)l{a; 0) nplH(JI'Y43K ua rpancI<Y Kal"!aJ1lls311lljy 17
17 8. OCHODH" aaxTeoH 33 OADOAJlH CltC'TCM Y Kytm
". I{OHCTPYI{T1IBHH lleO
9, 8pCTe OABOAHHX lieD" .. , .. , .. , .. , '" .. , ,.. ..' 17-20
a) KaMcHacre IInli KcpaMllttKC QeDH. n paBc U,CDII, nYI{OI3I1 , CKpCTltHUe, pallDe,
npena3H JlnH PCAYJ( UlfjC, PCBI13110UII nenOBH: "pane UCOll, JJYKOBlI, pattnc, ueo
ca ,[loa Harn3BI<3, npeH3fI(HC UCBB 20-25
G) rBo3AeHe nllBeHe ueDIl .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , - 25-37
B) MeTanHe .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , ,.. '" 38
1') YnoTpe6a lIeBH npeMa BpCTIi MaTopHjana .. , 39
11) A36eemo-lIeMellTHe lieD" "eanOllllT" .. , 39- 40
10. teHOAteHH TOKa H 6p3HH3 Bone y J(3HamI3aUItOIlOM onBOA. CIICTCMY 4 1
II, Hant611 OTnllatba XOpll90HTanHHx lIeBIi '" 42-44
12, n onara'be XOp"30HTanHI1X lIeDIi Y pODoBe 44-46
13, 3amllDa'be enojena lIeBI1 .. , .. , .. , ,.. .., .. , 47-49
14. PCSH3UOJUI CHJIaSIt. CHJIaaH sunaull onCl{OM II 6CTOI ICl{1I peml3110HH CIIJI3SIf. no-
KJlonllll 3a ellna3e .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , ,.. .., .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , 49-53
IS, KaeJ<aAe .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , ( .. .. ' .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , 53-56
16, npHKJbyqaJ< rnanor I(yhllor ',aHana Ha y""qllll KaHan, npBII cnyqaj, ,Upyrll cny-
qaj, Tpehl1 cnyqaj .. , .. , .. , .. , ,.. .., .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , 56-58
233
17.
18.
19.
npOOCTpaoafbC KaHanl19aUlfOHe MpclKe Y Kyhu
a) OnWTlI ACO ...
Crpl3n
59
59
60
6) XIIJlpaynll4HII aamapa411 npOTlIB raCOBa - CllljlOHH;
B) <l>CIIOMCIIII na3AYWIIor npliTUCKa y KyhHOM OAOOllHOM CHCTCMY: OnHT ca 4leH!I-
MCIIOM acmrpaullje - HClicaBalba; onliT ca !fleHOllleHOM KOMnpecnje - HCTHCKlI-
61-64
B3lba; .. .
r) TCPMH"KII YTlluajll ...
ll,) Eljl e I<TI I BaplljauHja nplITllcaKa
noj aoe C3MOllCllcaoalba .. .
c) VlCliapaBal'bC BOAC
lit) CnOJbaUlJ1H TCPMII'IIGI YTlluajll Ha oenTilnaullj y
3) YTIIl\ajll OCTpooa Ha nCHTlinaullj y
II) V130pruClbC OCHTI lnaunje ...
j) BPCTC c<{(pOlia ...
K) 3aK.1by',al( 0 npOBCTpanalbY Kylmc OABOAIIC "'PClKC
KallamlC31bC anlOc!fl epCKHX nOlla
a) OnY4l bal\1I ...
G) OAnoAlhanalbc nClllIKIIX KponHllx nOBpWlU13
B) OIlBOllibanalbC nllllTKllx Kponona II Tepaca
r) CllIIBHIIl\\! ...
II) KaHallllCaJbc nOAaCMHC BOlle ...
npClIoxpaHC npOTHn ycnopa y oTilualbY KallallCI(C BOAC
II I. 3aBpwHH paAOBH
I
63
63
65
65
66
66
67
67
68
60
69
71
71 - 74
74
7[')
76-78
20. nponoijClbc H npH40pwh\!BalbC KaHanH3al\HOHIIX l\CBI' y 3rpaAII
79
83
83
84
21. Hall30p II I1cnrlTllBalbe l(aHanIl3aU\!0IlC MpC)I(e
22. EI(CnllOaTal\lIja II Ollp)l(aOalbe I(ylme MPCl!(C ...
23. OnWTlI npon\!c\!
I V. CaHHTapHH otijel{TH H
24. OnWTl1 nojMoBII II 3Ha4aj ... 85
25. BpCTC caHIITapHIIX ypcijaja II Ibf.lXOBa ynoTpe6a . CoojCTBa MaTcpHjana 3a npo-
lIaBOJllbY ... 85
26. npll60pli 3a nplljeM Hy>KHII'IKIIX omallHIIX BOAa (rpcKallllja) 87
a) H}')I(IHIl\11 (lwOaCTII)... 87
6) HYll(HII4KH npoCTop .. . 88
n) Kn03CTlI ca IIcnllpalbcM ... 90
1') TalblipaCTH Tim .. . 90
lI) Jl cnKaCTIl TIIII WO!hC 92
,UacKa 3a CCJlIIWTC ... 93
e) Ypcljajll 3a IIcnllpalbC II}')KHIIl(a ... 94
)I() PC3cpnoap aa IIcnJlpalbc IIYllOlII Ka 95
a) ScawYMHH IIcnllpa4H - UIICTCpIIC.. . 98
II) HCllcnpaoHoCTH IIy>KHII'IKII X IIcnllpa4a 99
j) naTCIIT IIcnllpa411 . 102
K) nonolKaj Hcnllpa4a 104
n) HYlKlIlIUIi '1yqanl\1I 105.
lb) MOIITa}f(a lW03C'Ta 107
M) CM041111l\C - n"coapil 109
II) 311111111 nllcclur nllcoap 110
234
Ib) 3111\111. paollll nllcoap" ...
0) 311AaHII nllcoaplI
n) nHcoapc,," ("'jlOIl y nony
27. npll60pII 3a KyxlI.hcKe
a) Kyxlllbcl{e 4eCMellCKe WOJhe
6) CYAoneplI ' " ... . .. ... . .
0) npaoHlII.t1l - nOMlljape ... . ..
2S. nplIGopII II ypcijajll 3a YMlloa"be " I<)'nalbc
a) YMlloaOl-l1Iull
G) YMIlDaO""1.(1I OA <jlajallca
0) MOtlT3>t<a
r) ApMaType y",,,naoHHKC
29. J1UOCli li YMllBaoHlIl\l1
30. 311lJ,Ha l(OpllTa - oaJ1001l 33
31. CYI\ODII 3a "palbe 3y6a II nJbYDaom'1.(e
32. CeAcl", npaOIllI1< - 611ne
33. Ypeijajll 3a "ynalbc . ... ' " .. . ..
34. Kanc ...
35. Macllo"c l(aAe OA 1(aMeHIIHa (<jlacpTo"a) ...
36. 311AaHc 1(alle ...
37. Ka3aHH 3a Tonny OOAY ...
3S. CaMoCTanll1l TYUJcon
39. np"GoplI aa npa>be lIory
40. npnGoplI 3a cnllDODC y nOAY
41. PeweTKe aa nep"OI1I11.(O ...
42. PeUJCTKc 3a l{ynanlna H l(yjlle ...
43. npllGoplI a3 HaABajal-bC MaCTII
44. CneUlljanHII np"GopII .. .,.
a) Xl1rujeHcKe qCCMC - nojHn3
6) npll60p"
D) lla60paTOpHCKe 1lI0JbC
r) fIoMolllm AenOOIl
V. npojel(TOBalbe l(yliHe l(aHanH3al.\IIje
45. nem'411l1e OABOA"e MP!!>"C y "yl>lI ..
46. pacxoAa omanlle oOAe .. ... ... ..
47. nponlicil 0 ynoTpe611 1-lOpMlIpaHHx npC11HIIK3 UCUII
48. OnWTa npaollna II ynYTCTBa aa npojcl{Tona>be "al.anIl3al\lIje
49. HapaAa nnanona
a) 03Ha1(e y nnany
0) H3paAa oCllooa ...
0) nOI\y>I<1I" npecel\11
r) C.ITyaunja ...
tV npuMepn KOHCTPYI<ll.Hje 1<3HM1I3all.HOHC MPC)I<C
50. npnMep npojelCTa .(aHanllaaullje ...
51. Benn"c ABOP"WHC MpelKe '"
a) OnWTa HanOMeHa
6) WeMa AOOPUWllc "pcIKe ..
!i2. npopa'lyll OABOA1Ie l{aHanIl3a1.(1I0llC Mpeme
...
CTpnRa
113

11 6
11 6
117
li S
121
123
123
123
128
130
134
134
135
136
138
138
142
144
144
148
150
151
151
152
152
154
154
155
155
157
158
158
165
165
168
168
. 170
170
171
171
177
178
178
179
180
235
VI. Ky1iHHX oTnaAHHx BOAa Y HaCeJbHMa Y KOjHMa
HeMa YJlH'IHe KaHaJlH3lII.\Hje
53. 0611'tHC HY>I(H1I' [I(C jaMc
54. jaMe
55. IjlcKamlltX OOAa
a) OCHOOIIII np"HUlmll
6) 6110-XCMIICKII npOUCCH p33I13ralba MpTOC Opr3nCI(C M3TepHje y npHpoi\H
56. YTIIU3j MCXa'IUQKOr caCT303 O'l'na,l(HC BOAC H3 CIjlCK3T npc,,,,wII3B3lb3 .. ,
56. nOCTynal( 113fillCTpaBalb3 omaAHlIX BOAa ...
57. CI(ymlll ypcfjajH - ccnmUH
a) KOHCTPYI(Ullj a CCnTHI(a ...
G) CenTHKa .. .
B) YnyTCTOa KOA npHMCHe CcnTllI(a .. .
r) 3al(JbyqaK 0 H3paAH cennIKa ...
58. n OAoojclIH - EMwepooe jaMe
a) OnwTa HanOMCHa
6) TOK paAa EMwepoBe
0) nOAauH 3a KOHCTPYKUUjy EMwepoBc ...
r) OAmll(e EMwepoBllx jaMa
A) nplIMCp npOpaQyHa BCIII{QHHe jaMa nina "EMWCp"
fj) y nor.,cAY npHMCHC CCnnl'II(IIX jaMa If 11360pa cncTcMa
59. Omma ynyTcTBa 3a ynoTpc6y jaMa ...
60. 6110IlOWl(0 npcQHUJhao3lbc ljleKaIlHja
a) 611OIIOUJKH IjlHIITpH-nepKoIlaTopll ...
6) CaCTaBHI{ CIIeMCHTH (jlHIITpa ...
0) Om,c ACTaJba 3a 1(0HCTPYl(UHjy IjlHIITP3
r) YnyTCToO 3a nOCTyn3K y TOI<Y paAa IjlHIITpa
61. XnopHcalbe omaAHC BOAC ... .f
62. 331(JbY'laK no nHTaibY omaAHe BOAe ...
63. npHMeplI ... ...
a) XllrlljCIlCKH nOJbCl(1I IIy>KHIII(
6) 06HqHa ...
0) ABoAeIllla
r) Cl(ynHII 3a Ijlcl(amle BOAC "CCnTH"" ...
II) n OlloojCHII ypcljaj Tllna " EMUJCP"
VII. OCHOBHH nOjMoBH 0 KaHaJlH3al.\HjH HaCeJba H rpaAOBa
64. OnwTII IICO
65. WCM3 rpallCl(c MPC)I(C
66. r naDllH YIlIIQHe MPC)I(C ...
67. Y 1111'11111 npllfioplI II npl{l(JbY'lUH
a) PCBII31101111 CHIIa3H ...
6) CIIIIB'IIIUH .. .
68.
236
CTjlan3
186
188
188
188
190
191
192
193
195
197
198
199
199
199
200
201
203
204
205
206
207
207
207
209
213
214
215
215
215
217
217
219
219
221
222
224
229
229
230
230
TaoJ1.
Ta6J1. II
Ta6J1. III
Ta6J1. IV
Ta6J1. V
Ta6J1. VI
Ta6JJ.
VII
TaGJ1. VIll
Ta6J1. IX
Ta6J1. X
TaGn. XI
Ta6n. XII
Ta6n. XIII
Ta6n. XIV
Ta6JJ. XV
Ta6n. XVI
Ta6n. XVII
Ta6n. XVIII
Ta6n. XIX
Ta6n . XX
Ta6n. XXI
Ta6n. XXII
Tafin. XXIII
Ta6n. XXIV
Ta6n. XXV
Ta6n. XXVI
TaGn. XXVII
Ta6JJ. XXVIII
Ta6n. XXIX
Taon. XXX
Taon. XXXI
CnHCAl{ TA6JlHI.lA
n poueH3T rnaOHHX cacTojaKa OToaJlHUX OO)1a ............ _ .... .
Kom'IQHH3 rnaOHHX cacrojaKa q>ef(anrIHX BOAa Ha rnaoy H AaH .. .
1{0mrq'IHC cper,3J1l1j a npeMa nony II y3paCTy ........... .
CaAP)f(IfHa 11 U:OnJitHIHa caCTaBIUIX JJ,enona BOAC
Ta6JlHl.ta J(epaI'IHI'JKHX llCDH . . . .. .
JlYl(OBa ... . ....... .
CI,peTlIlIua ...... ' "
npOCTIIX palfBII . . ... .
AynnHx
npcna3a (pellYJ(UHje)
UCRIi ca l(am{OM
nyt<ooa ca l(am(OM ...
pal.fDH ca J<anOM
KaHanH3aUHOHC J1HOCHe U.COH H !tenOBI! ..... . .. .
BenHqlfHa OABOAHIIX J(IHUIIIIX ueB" y OllHOCY lIa CJIIIBHY nOBpWIIHY
Ben"qllHa XOpH3?HTaJ1Jle OllBOllHe MPC)!(C Y OlllWCY lIa CJlIIBHY
nODpulHHY ... ... .... . , ........................ ..... ... .
MaGop naTeHT IICnflpaqa ...... .. ....... ... .. ......... .
BeJII.qlIHa CYAoncpa ......... . ...... .. . ........ .
JlHOCRHX Kana ...... ... . .... , . . ' '" . . , ...... .. .
I{OJ1l1qlma oma/llle DOlle npCMa 6pojy CTaHapa ........... .
}{OJlIfQUHa paC<OAa OTnaJl,HC BOAC npeMa caHIlTapHIiM 06j.eI(THMa
1{0nllQmla Oma/lne BOAe npeM3 DpCT" arpalle ..... ... .
I{OJIINIIHa OTnanHe BOAe 3a e"OIlOMCI(e 3rpaAe ... palllbe
n eplIOll Tpajalba ynOTpeGe CaIJIITapHl.x
Max. ncp"oll ynoTpefie call1lTapHlIx ypet}aja
l{oecp"uneHaT HcpaBHoMcpHOCTII KOJ1HqlllJe omalllle BO/IC
KOJIHtfllHe H3mma noj e,lUlHHX caHwTapl-IHx o6jcl(aTa
npOucHaT jelllloBpcMeHllx H3nHBa IICTIIX 06jeKaT3 ..... .. ..
TaGmlua npo<j1llJ13 KCpaMl!qKIIX ueDH npcMa Mecry ynoTpe6e ...
" npocpHJIa rB03lleHHX )lIlDeIJIIX UCOI! npeMa MeCTy ynoTpe6e
l{aH3JlII3al,1I0Ile I,CBII J(PY>I<JJor npcce"a (liJ1I1'1lIHC DOAe, Gp3I1HC,
HamGII Ii npeqHHUH) 3a paalla _nYlbc'ba no KYTepy .......... ..
CTP3.IfQ.
8
11
12
12
21
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
25
26-37
73
73
102
11 9
139
159
159
160
160
161
161
162
164
164
165
166
182
237
Cfll1CAK CJHlKA
I. WeMa Kyhll e Kall 3J1H3auuj e .. .
2. ,[lCT3Jb Kepa.M1I4KC 4eOll ... . o.
3. npaBa ueo .. .
4. l{epalouI4KH J1 YI(OD)t .... "
5. i{cpaMlIlf KC CI<p CTllll ue .
6. npoCTe paqne
7. .. lIynne "
8. pellyKUII]e (npena311) ...
C/rpa.n<L
18
21
21
22
22
23
23
23
9. peoll 3110He npaoe ue
on ca l{anKOM . .. .. , ... . ..
10. I{cpaMH\f KH PCBI-t 3UOII1f J1YK ca
KanKO.\\ . , . . . "
11 . KepaM'I'IKII peoll3HoHII ,'YK ca
KanKOM (KacKallHlI)
12. penll311 0He paqoe
(npaoe H llyn""" ) ., ...... .. . .
13. KepaMII4Ke Ue"H ca Jlna HarnaOKa
14. .. IIpeHalKHe ueslI ...
15. OnooHe ues.. .., ... .., .. .
16. 3MlljaCTII YMeTUII ... .. . ..... .
17. MeCHHraHe ueSH ......... . . .
18. A36eCTHO-UeMeHrne ueoll
19. OKHO 3a IIcnHpalbe Ka .. ;uu
20. llCToa 3a Barno ueBU
21. Pa3Mepe MTaS" ...... .. .
22. Pos 6 . H3Y 31111a 3rpane .. .
23. OCll rypatbe pOBa pa3)' nupatbe" ...
24. Cnoj neCKa OKO HeSII
25. YJlora cnoja neCl' a .. , ... ..... ,
26. 3allTlloatbe cnojeBa KepaMII". ue
ou ycnpaoHJ.l x ..... . .... " .. .
'n. 3anTI1 B3tbe cnojeB" Kepa .. ue
OH n OJ1 0>KCHlIX . . . . , . .
28. 3aOTHsalbc cnoj coa .mI OCHI-I X u.eOH
29. YMCTIlII 3a cnajatbe UeBI1 p33Hor
MaTepHj all a .. , .. . ... ... .. . ...
30. 3hJlaH>e peoH31101lllX CII . a3a 011
oneKe ...... ..... . .. ... . .. .
31. nelballllue (3a c.m33e) Oil Kooa
Hor ... .. . ... ... .. ,
32. nCtballHue Oil nHoeHor .. .
33. BCTOHCKH PCSII3110HII CILl a31 .. .
34. KllHeTe... ... ... ... .. . .. . ... .. .
35. nOKJIonllll 3a C'!JI 33e (.1aKll, cpe
llIbe WKHll e II TewKII)
24
24
24
24
25
25
38
38
39
40
43
43
44
45
45
45
46
47
47
48
48
49
50
50
51
52
53
CTpaaa
36. n oja .. KaCKane ........... .
37. l{aCKlII\e Y 311l1a1lOM cII.oaay '"
38. .. "GCTOIICKOM" .... ..
39. lIa ynll4HY .. .
40. n plllvLYlfaJ( Ha6crol-lcKH l{auaJl .. .
41. nplI'{JI 'Y'IHII YMCTaK .. . .. , ..... .
42. n pHl'-'bY4aK Y yml41111 Cllna3 ...
43. OOIl'lall CllljlOII ......... .. ... .
44. O"'"T acnupaHll je ( .. cucaoalba) .. .
45. OmiT If CTUCI(J-lDal b3 (KoMnpecuje)
46. KOM6mlOB3Hu Qran , .. . .... _ ".
47. On>!r 3a reMnepar YPHII YTlluaj ...
48. Vl CIICaSalbe CI1IjloHa ........ , ...
49. " ,,'" .. , .... .. .
50. CnOJb3IJJHH ynlltajll H3 DCHTltna-
ull jy .................... .
5 1. n ono)l{aj OCHTHllaIl,HOHe ueon
52. Wll pelbe racona ........ .
53. BCTpo.i pall ll ...
54. Cneull jamm .. . .. . .. . . ..
55.
56.
57.
58.
HOp",;WHIl onY:;lb3K .... ...... ',:', :::
OnytHb3K ca Ay6ol<ltM
n pelloxpaHa npoTil s 3aMp3aBalba
onYKa ................. .
59. r ajfepoB cmlDlIIlK .. ...... .
60. PewCTKaCTII nOKnonau ... ... .. .
61. .upell""'HII 3111laHII KaHalI l! .. . ... .
62. n ooparHII 3aroapa4 PY'IfIll .. . . ..
63... "I(OMOIIHOn3IHI
64. 113J11ISIIC rpaijcolI Be lia pC'lHoj
o6anll ca )Ka6JbtlM nOlUlo nue.'t
65. }l{n,e60011 y 3111lY (wnll ueoll)
66 . .uy60KII )KJbefioBl I ... .. , ... .. , ."
67. Pa611ul1patbe HeOIl ......... .. .
68. n po.qaa ueBII Kp03 TaBaHII Ue .. .
69. n onolKaj XOPll30HTalIHOr OrpallKa
70. KYKe 3a ueslI .. . ... .. . .. .
71. npOJl33 ueBI! "P03 31111 .. .
72. KaHalI lI 3a ueBII .. , ........ . .. .
73. npOJla3 ueoll 11311an eTone .. , .. .
74. " " lIcnoll"
75. BHIlIIO XOpH30HTamlllx
o rpaH3Ka H3 KOH30n 3M3 '" .
76. nposoijetbe ueBII no 6aHKlUlaMa
54
55
55
56
57
. 58
58
60
62
62
63
63
64
64
65
65
66
66
67
67
69
70
72
74
75
75
76
77
77
79
79
79
o
80
81
81
82
82
82
82
82

77. 3alllTlITa LIeBl! OA Mpaa3
C1'P80a
82
87
8R
89
78. MarneA .Ul03CTa C3 II cnllpa.beM . . .
79. CYOII '(1IoaCT ............ .. ... .
80. L\coaC'f1' rpynlln KJl03t'T ........ .
81. r pymlH '<.1I03C1' ca nocc61111'" II C'
............ .. .
82. TalblipaCTc IUi03eTCI(C 1lI0lhC
83. n elll(aCTC
ti4. JeJ IPlacrc
85. 11cllcaoajyhc ..
6. nliOCIIC 1(1I03CTCI(C Ul QILC
87. ,[\3CI<C 3a CCIlClbC ...
88. ,[\POCII II Y"'CTlln YMCl'TO 1l3C'(0 .. .
89. /{oca 1(1I03C'1'CI<a WOlha ... .., .. .
90. Wapl(c II 3aupTlbll 33 A3cl<e
91. /{no:Je1'CKIi pcaepooap ea 3BOHOM
92. Kpal( ea nnOlll<OM ........ . .. .
93. Baplljall'ra I(PaI(J. ea IlJlOJ)J<OM
94. Pan l'ICJ1l1patltl ... . . . ... . ... ..
95. Pcacpooap ca 1I 0l<P01'II11M 300110"
96. " ., IICI(PL'TrI li M ,.
97. 6e3111YMII II pC3epooap (HcnHpa'.)
98. n OJlo)l(aj II 11 3rJlCn II cnHpa
'
l a-
IUI CTCPHC .. ' ...... .. ...... .
99. f1POCOI ( naTOll1' II cnllp"'Ia ..... .
100. f1onoll<aj II 11 31'nOIl na1'CIIT IIc nll
pa'l3 ................. .
10 1. nallallll Dolj ll Lle ", ........ .
i02. HY)I<II II1( 'IY'l aoal l
103. KOM1111 CTIHI "Y'wo'la
104 . n l111CII II CllqWII 33 llYlf3113rt ,
105. i101-l-.3 IOl03CTCU::t nacl<U ... ,_,
l OG. rYMCll1l YMCT(lI( , . ..... . ... .
107. fYMclla t-lill"ntl lll<a ....... 0.
J 08. CTC3aJbl(3 3a II CIlllpa41CY nCB
109. XonclIAap 3a BC3Y ca pC3epDo
apOl\1 , . .. '" , . . . .
11 0. f10no)l(aj II nC3a 1(1I03CTa ca pc
acpooapoM ......... .. ...... .
II I. 311AIIC nIl COapCI(C UIOlhC ..... .
112. CH41011 3a 1l0caopcI<Y LIl0lbY .. .
11 3. nl1COapCl(1I BCIITI!.' ( Cil nYI(OM .. .
114. r pY"1I1 nll coap ca JCIlHII M IIcnll'
p a\ICM ........... .
11 5. Y13I'JIC!( CTojchli x IlHcoallc.<I IX
UIOJba .\. ........ .
11 5a. C'rojchc nllC03pCl(C Luon.o y
npCCCI(Y ... ... ... 00 , '" ... ...
11 56. C1'ojCllc nlicoapco<c IIIOILC Y
II PCCCI(Y ... ... ... ... ... 00 . ...
11 6. 31t.!lJ-l II paoal-l caMOCTaJHHI nllcoap
11 7. 3 111111 11 panall nHcoap (rpymlll)
118. f1PCCCUH 311111101' nll coapa 00, .. .
11 9. 3111lallll I1l1coap .............. .
120. CIIIIIOII ca YlhCM Y nOIlY ........ .
121. l I CCMCIfCI(C II IOJbC .
122. f1 oJlo)l(aj II elloj 'lceMC 113 DC-
pTII I(any . .. ..... , ...... .. ... .
123. KOMChlllooalla cn3DI-IH(I a3 TOnJlY
II xnallHY BOilY 3a eylloncp .. .
124. n ll DC1I 1I cYAoncpH ........... .
BC3a CYlloll cpa lIa ocpTlII(a." y 00.
120. CYilOncl> 011 'l,aopTolia .. .' .. ... ,
127. nOlllllUlOnall ll X1l3T31.1 Macrl! -
CII!/IOII 33 eYilOncpc
240
90
91
91
92
92
93
93
94
94
94
96
97
97
98
99
99
100
101
103
104
105
106
106
107
107
108
108
109
109
11 0
III
1 11
III
11 2
11 3
11 3
11 3
11 4
11 4
11 4
11 5
115
11 6
11 7
11 7
11 8
11 9
120
120
128. Bcnn"I' cYAonepu ...
CTJ)ana
121
129. M3 rnclI II npcccl( CToJcher npa-
011111(3 .. . . ... . ... . . .... , .
130. n pCCCI( Duccher npaOHIIIW ..... .
131. vlarneA npaOIllIl(a
132. YMHDaoll HLlH 011 ljlajaHca pamul
fiC3 ........ ... . 00 ... .
133. PaDHII YMII DaoHHulI OC:I ncija ea
ADa KopHTa ... .. ... .
134. ncfjllll YWlBaoIllILlII .. . 00 . .. .
135. rpymm YMHoaoHII UIi
136. Li en aa OTSOp YMlloaoIHIKa 00.
137. BHpa)f( (npc6aUIf R3'1)
13l:!. Blfpa)l( 3a 611AC ... ... .. .
139. 60'11111 npcnllo ... .. . .. .
140. r Op' bll npCJlHD ........ .
141. 1-(01l301lC 3a YMllDaoIlH.(C
KOll30JlC YOY'ICIIC Y pyfi
143. 3a YMll oaOHHI(C .. .
144. Cnalllllla CTojcha .. ...... .
145. Cnamllla 3HIllla ca npcJ(allllllOM
146. I{OM6111100anc cnaUllllC 311}IIlC II
CTOjchc ... .. ... . .. ,
147. ne.(apeKa cnaBllHa ......... .. .
148. nel(apcl<II cnIjlOIl ........... , .. .
149. Bcac CTojcllIIx Cllaomla ca UOIlO-
OOIlOM 00 .......... .. ...... .
150. n OJ-lJII<J100aHIl CI(-nCIITJlll H ..... .
151. n OHIIKJlOOaliC nponycliC cna0l111 C
152. nil BCHII Y MHOaOHHI( ...
153. KOPIITO 3a Il PalbC ay6a ..... . .. .
154. Xll fIl jcllcl(a OiLyoaoHIHla .. . .. .
155. CCllchli npaOlll ll< - il llile ... .. .
156. Bcac nli Aca ca BOllOOOIlO., H OA-
001\0.0 ........ ... ....... .. .
156a. Be3c GlIlIca ca OOAOOOIlO" H 011-
ROIlOM ...... .. . ... ..... . .. .
157. npcGauHua" - ollpa)(( 3a QIIAe
158. 06H' "la nolBcua .(aAa
159. l1anli B IGLIlC ... ... .. . .. .
160. n ponolB l(aAC ......... ... .. .
161. KOMnnc'r npcnoma II 113mma
162. PCIII CTJ<C aa .(alle.. . .. ....
163. Kalla 3a 06311fj HBaJbC
164. CTojcil" npeJllIO .. k1Mnepllj an"
I(OM6I1HOBaH . ............ ..
165. 0611 "311 CTojehlf " vIMllepll jan"
npcnollJ '"
166. MaClIlI lIC 1(aJ\C' 011 .. .
t 67. Pa31111 nOJI O)I(aj H Il cn YL'T3
168. 3 111l311C l(aAC .. . ...... .. ...... .
169. l{a3all 3a Tonny BOilY ........ .
170. GaTcplij a MeUHLll lIll a 3a 1(3I\C .. .
17 1. 311!l1H' 6aTCpllj a MCUnU1Hua .. .
172. l(oMn.lll'T 3111llla 6aTcpnj a ca PY_
lITIII M "ymcM
173. Y311Jl31lC oaTcplljc
174 . .L{pll<a1II aa I(alle .. .
175. I(ynamna
176. CaMOCTaRHII TyW .. .
177. CI(CnCT a3 Tylll ........ .
178. CnIl OUO I<DP"TO aa 1'yur ...
179. r pynll ll "YLllellll ca
MCluamlllOM ... .. .... . .... .
180. KOPIITO 3a npmLC 1I 0ry ... .. .
121
122
122
124
125
125
126
126
127
127
127
128
128
129
129
130
130
131
132
133
133
133
134
134
135
135
136
136
137
137
138
139
139
140
140
141
142
142
143
143
143
145
145
146
146
147
147
148
149
149
150
150
151
181. Ypeljajll 3a npalbe Hory ..
182. PeUlCTKe 3a nep"o'"'''.le . . ......
183. YrpaljHBalbe pelUeme y 1I01lY ...
CTPlllTa
152
151
152
184. Yrpaljll oalbe pCIJJCTKe y MeT)y.
cnpaTHy KOHCTPYKlIHjy . . . . . .
185. PeweTKe 3a t<yn3T11Jla II KyjllC
186. CI<yn",a4 "' aCTII (jJeT<jJ all r) y
nOllY .. . .. . ' " ..... . .. .
187. ,!3l1oaj a" YJba II Oell30Jla .. .
18 . . XurJlj cHcl<a \lecManoj llJ1o .. .
189. <l>pll 3epcKII CTO . ..
190. J1a60paTopll cKe WOJbe . .. . ,
191. rpynll c JlaGopaTOplI CI{e WOJbe
192 . .\p)l{a411 3a yopyce ..... .
193 . .o.PiK3
t
lH 33 lJawe . .. . . ... '"
194. n OJllllle .. . . . . . .. . ..
195. TonJl II IIp'Ka411 3a y6pyce ...
196. CnOJhHa XOpll30llTanHa "'pe)l(a
197. npaollJIl-IO ooljclbe Kyl"' e "'pelKe
198. 03HaKe y IIJl aHY . .. ... .... . .
J 99. Pa4}'11 BIICHHCKIIX HOTa . . . . ..
200. Pa3Ha peweu.a KaHanHsallllOlle
MpelKe . . .. . , . ... . ' "
201. PasHa pewelba KallaJl1l3all"OHC
Mpemc .. ... . . . ... . . .
202. Pa3Ha peWelb3 Kall anll3allll 0 .. e
Mpeme . . . ...... . ..
203. Pa311 a pewelba l(aHanll 3allllOHe
:'\\ PC)I<C " , ,
204. Pa31-1 3 peWCl-b 3 Kallan H3aUl-i OUC
MPC}I':: C ' " , '" ,
205. WeMa IlBop"lJJl e Mpe)l{C
206. rpa(jJ I1KOIi ny IbClba lIeBII . . . . .
207. 0 6.1411e " Yll(HH4'{C jaMc
208. I<puOyJb3 T3nomCIba "
209. WeMa cenTII 4Ke j aMe npaBoyrne
J6 l<yllHa KaHanll3aullja
152
153
153
154
155
155
156
156
156
156
157
157
166-
167
16g
171
173
174
175
i73
176
179
181
187
1'2
193
Orpaea
210. We", a CenTl' 4Ke j a. .. e KpYlKHe 123
211. McnycHII OTBOP ' " . :I!ilijli
212 . .\CTaJb 06H4HI1X i nHsa y. jjtJiIY-' 1Q6
213. 6 0)1, " Ha'lIl11 ynll Ba ... ... .... 196
214. n OTOrtlbeH n pCJlI IB IIn ll 1-1311 1-18
11 3 jaMe .. .. . ... . . 106
215. Tun j aMc "EMwep" 200
216. }l{n,eG Ta!l Oll"'"l1e . .. 200
2i7. BucOJW 1f CnycT 33 TanOr , . , 202
218. M OHT3n':: I!H cr311]tap A Tun II EM
wep..... ... .. . . .. . . . . .. .. . ... 205
219. CnoGOI\Hl I GHOJlOIJJ .<11 (jJllnTap 208
220 . 3 HIlaliH oll onolU.", <jJll nTap '"
221 . .\ pcll a)l(a IlHa . . . .. . 210
222. <l>HJ.Tap Oil neTaoa ...... ' " 210
223. Pa3nllBHII )lVLeOOSII . . . .. . 211
224. CYA fla npeTer (npcopTa4a) 211
225. Yl arnell '(OPIiTa lIa npner ... 21 2
226. XHrll jeHcKI' nOJbC'{11 lIymlll.K 21 6
227. npoCTa CellT1I41(a jaMa . .... ' " 21 8
228. Tpace ynl1QHe "pell(e (1-5) .. 223
229. Ynll41111 .(all anll 0/1 oeToll a .. . 224
230. rpa<jJ1I4Ka KOHCT,l Yl(lIlIja j aja
CTor npo<jJ Hn a .. .. . .. .. . 225
2 31. n pll60p 3a O/lplKaBalbe KaHana 225
232, I<OHTpOnll Calhe "aHana ... .. . 226
233 . npenHBHH KHWHH KaHan H 227
234. n onolKaj KaHana KOII nO/l SO j e-
Hor CIICT",,' a . . .. . .. . . .. . . 228
235. n onolKaj l(aHana KOA nOIlBoje
n or CuCTeMa ca CIIJlCl30M 228
236. !{lI unm KaHan y J1elbl1l1rpallY 229
237. YnllQIlH cnllBHII K . . . .. .. ... . 230
24 1
JII1TEPATYPA
1\3na.nH33l,{1Ifl', MocKDa 1927.
Fognatura cittadina, Torino 1932.
Fognatura domestica, ' Torino 1930.
3u.nnmcl(l1ii J. J. mUIC: .D.OMOBOfl 1(3HanH33UIUI. MocKoa 1932.
l{ mOHl(OD B. B. Mana51 1<3H3nllaau,JUl, MOCK03 1941.
6 b)lOB n. C. npo(jl.: l{aHaJU' 3all"" I.
Ippolit o Girolamo prof." ing.: Epurazi one delle aque di Fognature urbane, Milano 1941.
Teschner B. Dr. ing. : Abwasser - Berlin 1933.
Schwab W. ing.; Entwiisserung der Gebeude, Leipzig 1939.
Teodorovic B. ing.: Minimum zahtjeva za vodovod i odvodnju u kuci, Zagreb 1937.
Pagliani L. prof. Igiene applicata ai ' ingegneria, Torino 1931
Stein ' Carl: Die Landwirrchatfliche Verwertung 'stadhlicher Abwllsser,
CaMr1l1l A. H. npo(jl. :
Jl.opH6aYM .up. npo(jl.:
illernoB B. n. HI-m(. J.I
Berlin 1937.
BOAOCHa6)I(CHUe J K3 H3n ll33uHH It OCHOBbi OtfliCTKH H3ceneHblX
MeCT, Jl cHHurpaA 1947.
ElKerO)1II111< apxlITeKTOpa C. C. C: P. 1947.
HII>K.I3. M . OnoBRRHWHJlKOD CamtTapHO-TcxHlIll ecl..:: ue YCT3HOBIUt II r a 6oTI:>1 MOCKB3 1948
247
3AllA)l(EHE WTAMnAPCI<E If AYTOPCI<E rPEUJI<E
C'Pp. 21. Y TaGJUlIIH V Y I\Pyroj py6pAIIH YMCC'PO "HanJ1aBl{a" TpeGa " HarnaOl<a".
43. 21 pel\ 0311.0, YMeCTO " HcnA3aTH" TpeGa "HcnApaTA".
,55. CJI. 37 YMeCJ:o "y 1\0lbe,\\" TpeGa " Y 03Hl\aHOM".
59. 8 pen 0311.0 YMeCTO "Y Ta'l . 34" TpeGa ,,54" .
74. Hel\oCTaW: " eJ1. 59 - rajrepOB"
81. Y npOOM pel\Y CTojH " eJ1. 58" a TpeGa " eJ1. 70" . Y I1CTOM pel\Y YMeCTo "Cn.
57" TpeGa " eJ1 69".
127. Ha CJ1 . 138 CTojl1 ,,6MO" a TpeGa ,,6Hl\e".
135. 11 pen 03ro CTOjH ,.Cn. 100a" a TpeGa " CJ1 . 133" .
136. 5 peJI oaro CTOjH "eJ1. 156 Ii 156" a Tpe6a "Cn. 156 A 156a" .
146. CnHl(a 172 HaOnal<O ol<peHYTa.
147. - " 173
197: 11 PCII 031\0 YMeCTO " Cn. 228" TpeGa "npAJlOr 11" .

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