Professional Documents
Culture Documents
nrmJIE,ll.HlI qJIAHAK
YlJllTeJhCKll <paKyJITeT
UDK: 886.1(02.053.2).09
Y)\{llue
BIBLID:
0353-7129,7(2001)1-2,p.65-81
TIpIIMJheHo:
Y party ce pasuarpa XYMOP xao rpajna KIhHlKeBHa ONlHKa HOBHje KIhHlKeBHOCTII aa neuy.
nnycrpyje WHpOKHM H360pOM ayropa sa HajMJlaI)e, 01\ J. J. 3Maja 1\0 M. ,[\aHojJlHna H
OOCTaBKa ce
E. Llpnueaaha. Y rpyrlHca~bY ayropa, MeljyruM, naje ce PYKOBOI\HJlO pa:3BOjHHM, KIhHlKeBHOHCTOnasenoa, KOJlHKO TelKlhOM onncy nojasa y 60raTcTBy IhHXOBe pa:3HOBpCHOCTH, OI\HOCHO
npenosnaaau.y xyxopacrasxor THI10JlOWKOr ofienexqa. Pan je 'reopujcxu 3aCHOBaH aa nornenaaa
H. Xaprwana H A. Beprcoua
KJhy"He peun: K~bHlKeBHOCT sa neuy, KOMHKa, XYMOP, qlOJlKJlOPHO uacnehe, uanpcanacra-rxa 110-
pHjCKHM
eTHKa.
XyMOp
rrorsaaa csoje
unje cavo llCKOHCKa norpefia HO II jenan on HalJllHa na xoje 'WBeK ucynyrpaunse pacnonozcen,e, IIa lJaK II BeOMa 03611JhHe CTaBOBe II )\{ll-
ncrsaaaa,a
nocrojanourhy
Jhy6aBH, a HalJHH
nc-
npyurrsenaa
y-
Pa3JIHlJllTlIM )\{llBOTHIIM
noseaaaa, aJIH
napanenau" (XapTMaH, 1979,
cauo
HOPMA,
CTp.
VII, 1-212001
Y nOTpa3H aa IJ.CepHHHUHjOM H CyWTHHOM xyraopa, sarsano 6H, rrpe csera, noTpmKHTH OlJ.rOBOP na rnrran,e: 4CMy CC CBe y )KHBOTy cMejeMO? OlJ.rOBOP na OBO naran.e MOrJlH 6HCMO 3anO LICTH ApHCTOTCJlOBHM CTaBOM lJ.a je KOMCIJ.Hja "npnxas onora
WTO je CJIa6Hje" y
ae-rer HeOLIeKI1-
498). nOBOIJ.H sa XyMOp cy BeOMa pa3JIWIl1Tl1 11 CKOpO HCCarJleIJ.I1BH, ann 01111 yse,
KaKO Ka)KC KaHT, y
rseroeor
OIJ.HOCa
McI)yc06HO nornynaja H lJ.y6Jba. 3aTo IJ.YXOBI1T 40BCK Y CBI1M )KI1BOTHI1M CI1TyaUI1java ncxasyje jenny BI1WY ecrercxy 11 MOpaJIHy 3PCJlOCT 11 cynCpl10pHOCT HalJ. 6l1Jlo
KOjOM I1HIJ.I1BI1IJ.YOM, xoja CaMI1M THM rrocraje "eMI1HeHTaH npelJ.CTaBHI1K KOMHKe"
(XapTMaH,
qJl1-
npesmcaaa,
03HaKa, MO)KC CC, 6ap y 3Ha4CfbCKOM CMI1CJlY, IJ.O H3BeCHC Mcpe MOIJ.HepI1KOBaTI1, a
npeua CTH4KHM nopyxaua 11 jacnnje IJ.l1epepeHUHpaTH.
OlJ.paCJlI1 B0IJ.C pa-ryna KOMC CC xana CMCjy 11 KaKO TO 4HHC. fhHXOB je CMCX
4eCTO H3BCWTa4eH, HaMCWTCH H H3BHToncpeH. TaKaB XyMOp He nacraje xao nocne-
66
.nHll,a nyxoanor 3a.nOBOJbCTBa, Ben ce nperaxe y MopanHH CTaB onor KOjH ce cMeje,
npeua rrpenvery KOMllKe, llITll OC06H ca KOjOM ce cMeje. XyMOp o.npaCITHX llMa CBOj
nozrrexcr y KOMe ce cxpnna 4eCTO 3IT06a, npotmja, caacarsea.e llITll ocehan.e nanMonH, cyjere II npodiecaonanne ranrrune, ocyne, na 4aK II capxaasia. Onpacna ce
cMejy He caao xana llM je HeIllTO CMeIllHO Ben II kana HM cnryanaja aanaace HITH carOBOpHHll,H TO on lhllX saxreaajy.
LJ:ell,a ce suure II
perpnexca
ocehajy H y .neJIHMa caBpeMeHHX neCHHKa. KOMHKa roaopa H naroaopeaor, npaponnor H H30KpeHyTor H KOMHKa nonce-rca, xapaxrepa, H nocerxe, caao cy HeKH 06JIHll,H
H H3BOPH xystopa, xoje je aarnuamrpao oaaj Haw BeITHKH neCHHK.
XyMOp je noceoan, He caxto TeMaTCKH Hero H eCTeTCKH <jleHoMeH 3MajeBe noesnje. EJIeMeHTe CMeIllHor 3Maj aajseurhe upnn H YMeTHH4KH 06JIHKyje H3 HaHBHHX
nesjax npencrasa 0 csery y KOMe ce neua join nofipo He caanase. CITHKajynH raj pacxopax H3Mel)y HIlBoa HHTeJIeKTyaJIHe CBeCTH H )I(eJbe csaxor nerera, 3Maj, 6HITO 0
KOjOj TeMH na je pe4, yHOCH cvex, xao HeH30CTaBHH KBaITHTeT csoje noernxe,
Ilecve 0 npupozm, )I(HBOTHlhaMa, WKOJIH, onnocy npena pomrren.aua H CBOjHM KynHHM 06aBe3aMa, xao H OHe ca npH3ByKOM counjanne H pO.nOJby6HBe renaTHKe, HITH CTHXOBH .nH.naKTH4Kor ana-reisa, yBeK canpxe ueonxomry Mepy xyvopa, y
KOMe ce omena CBeT neran.crna H .ne4jH HeMHpHH, ycrperrrann nyx, 3Maj je OCTBapHO 411TaBy ranepnjy MaITI1X jyuaxa, on HaHBHHX, npOCTocp.na4HI1X H 6e3a3JIeHHX ITHKOBa nonyr <1>eMe, Manor <1>I1IT030<jla, JOBaHKe DaIllTOBaHKe, Jlenor Pase, Manor
JOBe H Marepnue Mase, KOjH CBOjHM nonamaisea H oc06HHaMa name 113a3HBajy
cl1MnaTHje II onoopaaan.e Hero ocyny, no HenOnpaBJbI1BIIX nerarnaaua xao IllTO cy
I'aura II Ilypa Mona, Y noprpernua OBIIX II npyrnx jyaaxa OCTBapeHII cy pa3JIHlIHTH
<jleHOMeHII xyuopa, 4eCTO nonnrnyror H3Ha.n )I(IIBOTHe 6aHanHOCTH no anrponoueu-
67
rennenunje,
nexoj
Y1CKaJaHe y
srsaaajy
npenjrerujaa
nOMOp<!JHYlM
CKJlOHOCTYI YI
Ha60j
YI
KOMHKy CBOjYlX
penaxcaunje. Haxo
Y
KOjYl cnOHTaHO
Y1JlYl
MQJlu Epama,
cnanaruje,
aasape
snua
YI
norpeoov
sajy
Y13 IhYlXOBe
aHTpO-
nyuiea-
YI eroYlCTWIKYI
YI
aenovyheae
MaTYlllYl ~etlje
cauo-
TJlO peaJTHOCTYI,
aa
BeOMa Y1JlycTpaTHBHO
jyaaun
snpaae
rpyfio fiaun aa
Y13
aocerxe
0 TOMe.
Iloxyuraaajyhn
cvex
Y13a3Y1Ba
Y1JlYl
HJlYl
e<l>eKTYI
6p3e,
Y1JlYl KaKBe
necava
lJeCTYI cy
KpHCTaJTHllIy ce y
rporecxne cnosuaje.
HaMelheHHX
onpacnnv
neonnoxoroj
nOeHTYI,
orpa-
3MajeBHx
urpajy
noxaayjyhu yayrpaunse
npenyurrajy
3MajeBe KOMYlKe.
HYllJeHoj
ce
a KaTKa~ YI ocyny.
ct>opMa
ofinuua
ypnefiecue cna-
OHYI ce lJeCTO
ce ~O)l{Y1
MJla~Or 6Y1na.
MQJlu Joea,
aa Ha~paCTY
jynaun
Y13a3Y1Bajy
)l{Y1BOTHl-baMa,
xoja
06MaHe,
na
oztpacne Y1JlYl
Y1MYlTYlpajy
jynaxa xoja
zryureaaov craxy
TaKBOM
113BajaHYI y neCHYI-
3MajeBYI
jow
ynyrpaunser )l{Y1BOTa,
CBeCTYI.
zta
arpasxaaa,
YI neCHHlJKe
OCJlYlKaHYlX TaKO
rpann
3Maj
He
nopnaa,
nose
nneja,
YI BYl6paHTHYlX
rtpeztcraamrua nesje
KaO TYlnYllJHYI
YI Hajpa3JlYllJYlTYljYlX )l{eJba YI
napaaoysennja.
<l>OPMYI MOparlHOr
acounjaunja
ne-rje npnpone
xapaxrepacruune aa jenau
lJYlTaOUYlMa,
xoje ra ysone
pen
6poj
Haj60JhYlX
san,a pehn na
rpaznnmje. Anoruxaa,
MOBa H
YI
Ilecua
lJeCT y TeMaTcKoj
anCYP~Ha Y1JlH
nspasa, naj-reurha
raxohe
je ~OCTa HOHceHCHHX
cy MO~eJlH
MaKCUlvlY,
crpyxrypn
eneuesara
neCHYlK
Y13
novepeaa
3HalJelha
rsercanx
HOHCeHCHYlX KOHCTpyKllHja.
penpeaenraraaan
pexa,
3MajeBYlx
npeyseo
necava.
ycxrene
nojIlecae
H30KpeHyTocT
Maxcuuy raxohe
pasy, Heo6Y1lJHOM
68
HMa
3ByKy H
,n:Euy
UHje ocehajy ce CJIarrOBH 6e3a:3JIeHOr CMeXa, aJIH je onarnenan H rreCHHKOB CTaB uspa)KeH y <pOpMH rpOTeCKHe noyxe, HapOlJHTO BH,ll,JbHBe y ermnory necae.
Y ueJIHHH rnenaao, 3MajeBo AeJIO sa neuy Ca,ll,p)KH y 3HaTHOM 6pojy necaaa
Pa3JIHlJHTe BH,ll,OBe xysropa, npajesomaor sa nesja oceharsa H MOn lhHXOBOr pacyhn-
saa.a, noxapaaor xao mac pasyaa H rnac rsyztcse nyure. JOBaH JOBaHOBl1n 3Maj, Ma
o lJeMy na nesa - npnpona, nena, )Kl1BOTl1lhaMa HJIl1 HrpalJKaMa - cMeje ce l1 urpa ca
,ll,eUOM OHOJIHKO KOJIl1KO My onafipana rena ,ll,03BOJbaBa. Oryna H TOJIHKa 6yjHOCT H
pa3HOJIHKOCT n.eroaor cvexa, lJl1jl1 ce exo oceha l1 nauac, y noesnja MO,ll,epHHX AelJjHX necamca.
Y Klhl1)KeBHOCTH l13Meljy nsa CBeTCKa para KOHTHHyl1TeT 3MajjoBHHcKor xyMopa onpscana l1 HaCTaBJba I'suno Taprarsa, KOjl1 H Y ,ll,pyrHM eJIeMeHTHMa necmrurrsa ocraje aa JIHHHjH 3MajeBe rroeraxe. XyMOp je TeMeJbHH CJIoj Tapran.nne rroeTl1Ke. H3BopaH H )KHB, HeHaMeTJbHBO cnoaran H npaponan, Y3,ll,H)Ke ce no jezmocrasHOCTH xojy Y noesnja HHje JIaKO noceruyrn. Hrpa pesn H nojaosa npeBa3l1JIa3H rpaHHUY MeXaHl1'iKOr KaJIaM6ypa KOjH ce rro Beprcony y crpepa xysiopa "MaJIO ueun''
69
n006U3U
ouprasajy ua nOCBe HOB H oparananaa lIaLJHH. Enevenrapna cnara cvexa TpaHCepopMHcaHaje cnOHTaHO H npHpOJlHO y revarcxy, HiJ,CjHy H ecrcrcicy paaan nOCMC.
paaanjaa.y epa6yJlapHOr TOKa nCCHHK je CTaJIHO na JlHHHjH H3Mel)y rpcrecxxor, aa6aBHor H 036HJbHOr, KaTKaiJ, H TpayMaTHLJHOr, crnapajyhu
ce HaHBHO H pearmo HCToBpeMeHo cyxofirsanajy H nonyn.yjy, xao npHpOJlIIO H HaTnpHpOJlIIO, y HJly3HBHOj rrpojexnnjn urane, HCTHHe H noeTCKC HMarHHaUHje.
lIajH3pa3HTHjH H najexcnpecaanajn o6paCUH xyvopa
Hnax,
uaxa, npCBaCXOJlIIO H3 I-bHXOBOr rcsopa, rroaauraa.a H cxsaran,a )l{HBOTa. Y TOM norneny nocefino ce HCTHLJe noprper CCCTPC KaJlaBCCTpe KOjHje neCIIHlJKH HIIKapHHpaH
y cxnany ca lIaJlpCanHCTHlJKHM anCYPJlOM. CIlCKTap JlYXOBHTHX H opHrHllaJIIIHX no-
pehen,a xao WTO cy "MeKa xao rn.nno Bone", "36plJKalla KO crapa nnyra'', "MpwaBa
KO rpona" H CJl., rpancrpopvaure CC y eKJlaTaHTHe ofipacue xyuopa H jenan BHJI Hanpeanncrusxe 1l0eTHKC. EJleMeHTH rpancxor rosopa, ofioraheun eyljJOIIHjoM urarpoBaLJKOr 1l0pO)J.HlJII0-HpOHHlJHOr )l{aproII a, a KaTKaiJ, H aoncencaor 1l0eTCKOr HCKa3a,
)J.O)l{HBJbaBajy ce xao ayTeHTl1'IHa CJll1Ka 1111iJ,l1BH)J.yanHHx H KOJlCKTl1BHHX )l{HBOTHHX
eppycTpaUHja.
Y KOHTeKcTy
KI-bH)l{CBIIOHCTOpHjCKHx 36HBal-ba,
6Hja IlpH3BYK KpHTHKe na KJll1WeTHpaHe 06JlHKe nesje XyMOpl1CTHlJKC noeaaje. JC3HLJKa cnofiona KOjOM ce KOHKpeT113yje 60raTCTBO H pa3HOJlHKOCT nCCHHLJKHX nerarsa H
lIalJHH yMeTHHLJKOr otinmcoaan,a, )J.06Hjajy TOil H 60jy HaiJ,peanHCTHlJKC KOMHKe, xoja
npencraan,a sua-rajay KOMnOlleHTY BY'IOBor nOCTCKor aaanrapnnaaa.
Onpene.n.y-
70
xyvopa,
EpaHHCJIaB Hyunrh je HMe BeJIHKOr xysropacre y cpncxoj Klhml<eBHOCTH H3Mel)y nna CBeTCKa para crexao pOMaHOM Xajoyuu, nanacaaoa y rr03HHM rO)],HHaMa
)1<HBOTa. AyToMaTH3aM Hymahesor cuexa )],O)l(HBJbaBa ce xao npojexunja )I(HBOTHe
cuene na KOjOj )],OMHHHpajy eJIeMeHTH BO)],BHJbCKOr, anernorcxor, caryauaoaor H
JIeKCH'lKOr xyaopa, Y Aymotiuoepadruju H )],pyrHM KOMe)],HjaMa, norspnao ce xao rmcan He06H'lHOr napa H HHBeHuHje, KOjH ca je)],HaKoM cnocofiaourhy aanazca H yMeTHH'lKH 06JIHKyje KOMH'lHe caryaunje H3 peannor )I(HBOTa.
Beprcouosa npevnca "Ilpepyiuen 'lOBeK je cMewaH.qoBeK sa xora 611 ce MOrna sepoaarn na je npepyuren, raxohe je cjaeuraa'' (Eeprcon, 1993, CTp. 28), Morna
611 ce )],0 H3BeCHe Mepe rrpHMeHI1TH H ua Hyunrheae xajnyxe. O)],MeTHHwTBO onpaCJII1X, 6e3 063Hpa aa nosone H yspoxe KOjl1M je MOTHBHcaHO, yrJIaBHOM H3a311Ba 0)],0fipasan,e HJII1 ocyny jaanocrn, )],OK O)],MeTHHWTBO neue xeurhe 6y)],11 aeaepuuy HJIH
paha csrex. Hynnrh je CBOj XyMOpHCTl1'lKH nap I1CKa3aO aa nsa nanopenaa HI1Boa: je)J,HOM na KaMe I1Ma rrpeBaCXO)J,HI1 LIHJb na sacaeje MaITOr 'lHTaOua, a na npyrou na
HCMCjC rrraaae jynaxe, KaKO lhl1XOBI1M epnnsamoaa HHKa)],a He 6H nano nanaver na
ce O)],MCTHy y xajnyxe, 3aTO cy lherOBH jynaua CMeIllHI1 y CBaKOM norneny, rra 'laK 11
no TOMC KaKO mrnenajy, WTa rosope 11 KaKBC Ha)],HMKC HMajy.
71
Hyumh BeOMa cyrecrnsxo H e<peKTHO H3BOLlH KOMHKy xapaxrepa, npseaCTBeHO H3 nocrynaxa H YHYTpaWIhHX, KaKO HeraTHBHHX TaKO H n03HTHBHHX, OCO6HHa rJIaBHHX jynaxa, Y TaKBOM CTBapaJIaLfKOM nocrynxy je H npepyuiaaan,e KaO
CTaJIHa nojasa H OLfHrJIeLlaH npenner KOMHKe. CaM noxyuraj LleLfaKa na 6YLlY OHO WTO
HHCy LfHHH HX CMeWHHM, aJIH auurra Malhe HHCy CMelliHe HH caryaunje y KojHMa ce
OHH npezrcraan.ajy LlpyraLfHjHM Hero WTO jecy. Y TOM nOrJIeLlY noceono cy HJIyCTpa-
Xajoyuu, Hyumh
KOMnJIeKCHOCT KOMHKe na KOjOj ce ancnapmne, npeBa3HJIa3H OBaKBe nonene H eyrepnure CTaB na He nocroje aaysex LlaTH 06paCUH cvexa H yHHBep3aJIHa <popMyJIa Iherose KJIaCH<pHKaUHje. <!>eHOMeH xyvopa H HMarHHaTHBHa Mon a.eroae eCTeTHKe, sacanaajy ce, y Ll06poj MepH, aa HeyxBaTJbHBOCTH lherOBHX assopa H 06JIHKa. Y
fionn-
Ofipaanazcyhn
panaurraa,
72
npen C060M, HHCy yKoBaHH y HOpMe, HeMajy OHe 063Hpe KOjH HX cnyrasajy, jep
snajy na je yofipasarsa )l,e'lja HeH3MepJbHBa" (A)l,aMOBHO, 1980, cTP. 449). AKO je pes
o 'honnhy xao necnaxy, npnnoaenaxy HJIH povaacajepy, sarsa ysex HMaTH y BH)l,y
na je OH rro CTBapaJIa'lKOM orrpenen.en.y H BOKaUHjH npsencraeno XyMOpHCTa H uajH3Pa3HTHjH XyMOpHCTH'IKH nncau y cpncxoj KJhH)!(eBHOCTH sa neny. MaHpoBcKa pa3HOBpCHOCT n.eroaor 60raTOr KJhH)!(eBHOr orryca, nyzra uencupmry PH3HHUY xyMopa
KOjH npencrasn,a TeMeJbHY nonnory CTHJICKe, eCTeTCKe H nnejae CTPyKType MHoro6pOjHHX yMeTHH'IKHX MO)l,eJIa, HaMeJheHHX pa3JIH'IHTHM yKycHMa H y3pacHHM HHBOHMa. Hserona jynaun ce
naj-reuthe
Kana je
je raxohe
rsyne, YMeTHH'IKa
HOM CXBaTaJhY )!(HBOTa, xoje ce )l,O)!(HBJbaBa xao npnponno BpeJIO KOMHKe. IleCHH4KH
UHKJIyCH JeJICeBa
cell, He)l,BOCMHCJIeHO rOBope 0 TOMe. Kao y30pHl'1 oopasau aHer)l,OTCKOr xyuopa MO)!(e
ce Y3eTH necva EOJleCHUK ua mpu cnpama, xoja je nena H crora WTO 3a)l,OBOJbaBa
eCTeTCKe 3aXTeBe noernxe. Y30pHH MO)l,eJI xyuopa osne ce KpHCTaJIl1We H3 aner)l,OTCKOr jesrpa necae 11 sna-rea,a nojenannx pe411 11 Jhl1XOBHX CTl1JICKl1X KOHCTpyK-
uaja, Onaj run xyvopa yo-rasa ce 11 y rreCH114KOM Ul1KJIycy Oznacu ynycuoe nucma,
a Hap0411TO y rrecvaua 0 nezia TpHWH, Ma4KY Toum u rrcy Myo.
HaCJIOBHH jynax 6ajKOBl1Te, pouairecxne npase Iloocuen.aju uasu: Totue, aKrep je MHOro6pojHHx asairrypa, He06H4HHX norahaja H ucxyureisa H3 KOjHx na xpajy
H3JIa3H xao rr06e)l,HHK. Csrexorpec osor nena ocrsapea je y nernaecr senpnx yMeTHH4KHX CJIHKa, KOMrrOHOBaHHX TeXHHKOM spxyacxor, aHer)l,OTCKOr CMexa xoju ce
KpHCTaJIHWe H3 He06114Hl1X norahaja, He04eKHBaHHX 06pTa, HOHCeHCHl1X caryaunja
H je3114KHX BpaTOJIOMHja. Ilopen Ma'lKa Tome y cpeznrurry pann.e cy H ncn Myoa H
73
npenuer KOMI1Ke. rJlaBHI1 jyaaun, a npe CBHX MalfaK Toura H nena Tpnma, onaano cy
HCKOpalfHJlH H3 OBe rtpu-re H nOCTaJlH KYJlTHI1 jyaaun xyuopucrusxe npose aa neuy,
Hanuoh HJlI1 I1Hepepl10pHOCT 'honaheanx JlHKOBa onpehena je, uajseuihe, IbHXOBHM CKJlOHOCTI1Ma H ,napOM aa XyMOp.
JlHKOBe neue H onpacnax, xao H na jyuaxe H3 aHHMaJJHor CBeTa. OHH KOjH cy JlHWeHH
napa aa XyMOp xecro cy H caMH npenjrer cvexa, nonpehenn H He3awTHneHH ripen
CypOBHM 3aKOHHTOCTHMa eraacreuunje, 11 caM 'honnh je HCTHuao ,naje XyMOp "WTHT
npeva CBHM HeBOJbaMa xoje -rosjeka y )I(HBOTy CHaJJa3e. Kao nnjere 6HO cau nnaWJbHB H CTH,nJbHB, a Moja xyvopncra-rxa )I(Hua Me je 113BYKJla H3 re cnryaunje."
EyKBaJlHo TyMa'lelbe nojvosa H pexa xecr je HalfHH aa KOjH fionah ocrsapyje
jenan BH,n xyuopa, y npHlfH )JO:J1CU6Jbaju ssautca Touce, povaay CJtaGiIO eojeeame H
,npyrHM ,neJlHMa. Y TOM norneny noceono je HJlyCTpaTHBHa lberOBa Hsokpeuyma
npuua: "TeK je 6p,n0 H3HWJlO H3a cyaua, a xpeser CKOlfH H3 npocrpaaor qWIe, nasyxe nore na orranxe, CTaBH rnasy aa xany H OTBOpH
xyhy na BpaTHMa."
JlHWe H peJlaKCHpa HeMHpHH nyx MaJJHX -mranaua. Ha raj HalfHH mrcau je, MaKap
HMnJlHUI1THO, HCKa3ao H CBOj O,nHOC npeva )I(HBOTy H npeaa xysropy y KOMe je nawao JlHlfHY carncrpaxunjy H norpeoy na
IbHXOBOj sesnoj cavolur''.
74
MeCTa sa HpOHHjy, jep je ysex IICKpeH II .L\o6pOHaMepaH. Ilecva Cnaea upma naea OTKpIIBa eJIeMeHTe 3.L\paBOr cstexa, uncnapncanor 6pHrOM p0.L\HTeJba KOjII naxosnso
npare eMOTHBHO H HHTeJIeKTYaJIHO speise nerera. Kujaeuua ua Snamutiopy OTKpHBa
rreCHIIKOB CJIIIKapCKH nap H OHOMaTOrreHLJHII KBaJIHTeT xyxiopa. Ilocefian 06JIHK KOMIlKe rreCHIIK je OCTBapIIO na revy CMpTH, y unxnycy O.L\ LJeTPHaeCT enaradia, non
HaCJIOBOM )f{u6omufbCKU pajnymatuu.
75
MOPIfCTIfLJKOr TKIfBa. XYMOPIfCTIfLJKIf eepeKTIf CHmKHH cy If y MO)J,eJlHMa KpaTKHX, anCyp)J,HHX epOpMH, ca eJleMeHTHMa HOHCeHCa, KaO y neCMH
cy H)J,eOJTOWKOr
repa
If
nojaae
Iletienu
eTHLJKe
xao
yaex
ce y CBOjIfM CTaBOBIfMa
TIfrrIfLJHH
Jlyxahese
MO)l(e ce )J,eepIfHHcaTIf
KOMHKe.
ce y yMeTHHLJKoj
anje cyrrrunau
onneaeisen
H3Ha)J, 6aHaJIHOr,
xao
xapax-
Ilecva
rpancno-
If )J,O
xpaja
npH3ByKOM IJeKe
noesnje.
epopMIfpafhY KOHaLJHIfX
xoja
aponuje.
XyMOp je
sajy
onope
parpannparr, Jlyxnhea
3Hl.J,IfjH )J,O)l(IfBJbaBa
fiase npoysaean.eu
ua onurra aasena
cynosa HIfKa)J,a
qleHoMeHa
eCTeTCKor
xyvopa nosn-
apenaosan,a, ann
ce y
xpnrepajyaa.
TOM KOHTeKcTy sarsa CXBaTIfTH H CTaB ,gywKa Pa)J,OBHtia KOjH Ka)l(e )J,a ce HIfKa)J,a
"aeherao
OBOj
npeuaca
OH je y
(Panoauh, 1984,
CTp.
5).
Ha
HOBe H ayTeHTHLJHe
'raapn
nap na aa
If3Y3eTaH
3JTIfLJIfTIf eepeKTIf
xanavfiypa
If3
xora
ce OCMIfWJbaBajy If
oc-
spa-re pa-
ce peLJIfMa,
nere
ancypnno
If
crpyxrypy
napanoxcanno, rpn
cy OCHOBHa
onneaea.yje
IfJTIl MO)J,IfepIfKyje
xnaurerapaae
06-
rosope 0 TOMe.
XapTMaHOBa MIfcao na ce y cxrexy LJOBeK "Y3)J,If)l(e H3Ha)J, fieanpezntor If LJIfHIf
na OHO IfWLJe3He y CBOjOj HIfWTaBHOCTIf" (XapTMaH, CTp.
TIfJTa y HeKIfM BIf)J,OBIfMa
Panosuheae
525),
norrryao ce osarrno-
Ilpencraan.ajyha
ancypn necanx ce npnauzmo npaxnarsa npoTlIBHlII~lIMa YMIfBafha KaKO 611 liM ce OTsopeno uacvejao,
ocrsapyjyha
Onpenersersea
sa
76
Kaha napacre
y xepoja II nocrane
cpehrra
Hahe, aao-tarnen H cpauory npncyrunx npmrrena H aiJ,MHpana. Hernparse )I{HBOTHHX nocrynara ysex je na ynapy lherOBe KOMHKe. qaK H y MOiJ,enHMa 036HJbHe caap)I{HHe KaO lIITO je Ty:>ICHa necua, Y04JbHB je naxn <pnyHiJ, CMeXa, 3aCHOBaH na uernpatsy )I{HBOTHe peanHOCTH.
II
II
II
arpa
II
cvex
CKnOHOCT aa nepconndnnnr-
oeua 3UMUpacmy WlU jeoua xo-pyxujaoa, KOMrrOHOBaHa je KOMliKa nonceuca, cnareTH30BaHor y rrpOMeHJbHBOM PllTMY 1l0311aTHX pe-m 11 anorn-raux KOBaHHlI,a, tcao noeTCKa pesonanua nomnpona-mor cxrexa. 0iJ, urpe pesn, nrpe nyxa, nojaosa H lhllXO-
Puryraosuh 4eCTO npana CTHnCKli nap-nap rro KOMe ce npenosaaje lherosa rroeanja II ocooenocr n.erosor xyuopa.
anx auaxen,a,
77
xaxce, na "necua 113a311Ba y HaMa cveiuax'' (AaHojJll1n, 1976, CTp. 62). Y Ceouuuu
XYMOP 11 nrpa I1Majy 3a6aBHy 11 epYHKUl10HaJlHY JlI1MeH3I1jy, JlOK ce y nCCMI1 Cpeoa
XYMOPI1CTI1YKO TKI1BO rpancrpopamue y JlaKI1 epJlyl1Jl nOCTCKe 3aMI1UIJbeHOCTI1.
HCKI1M
Aa~lOjJll1neBI1M
npodiecop, Lllma
cy
JlY)l(aBa JlI1Hl1ja PaJlOBl1nCBC KOMI1Ke. nOCC6HO jc rrerra nCCMa Ilea canyua y LII1jOj ce
CaJlp)l{l1HI1 ocrsapyje xapvouaja TpaJll1Ul10HaJIHC 11 MOJlCpHe XYMOPI1CTI1YKC noesuje.
'{apnuja.
Ilpa-ra 0 QpHOM Anhenxy, caxro je ua npBI1 nornen l1J1ycTpaTI1BaH npl1MCp
HOHceHCHor xyraopa, Crpyxrypa rseae canpxorne HOCH LII1TaB HH3 npHKpHBCHHX 3HaLlClba 11 nopyxa KOjC onpenersyjy neuy na npeva maBHOM jynaxy epopMHpajy H CBOj
KPI1THYKI1 CTaB.
JIeK
npomue
YMCTHHYKOr rosopa. <I>a6yJlapHH TOK osor povaaa pa3BI1jcH jc TeXHI1KOM oHeo6HYasaa.a, HapOYI1TO y cneaava xapaeaancxo-unpxycxor rnna xoje ce )J.O)l{l1BJbaBajy xao
Y30pHI1 MO)J.eJlH rpOTCCKHo-nap0)J.I1LIHOr 11 napanoxcamror xyuopa. AHHaMI1Ka )l(HBe
11 cnaxore KOMHKe 113BI1pe 113 rpanckor xapneeana y KOMe nopen )J.eBojLII1ue Corse 11
I)I1Ha )J{)J.paKyJle, )J.eepl1J1yjy H 6y6e, KeneUI1, JlI1KOBI1 113 6ajKH Mel)y KojHMa cy 11 IleTap Ilaa, xaneran Kyxa, uapnua Cneacaaa, Llpsenxarta, I1Bl1ua H Mapnua, Ilenersyra, Ilap Tpojan, TI1J1 Ojnemnnaren, jenna axcaaja 11 IlPYrH YLJecHI1UI1 Heo611YHOr
cMexoTpeca.
CBI1 norahaja y povaay xao na cy nonpehena je)J.HoM uun-y: I1rpaTI1 ce, CMejaTI1 11 3a6aBJbaTI1. EJleMeHTC cnCUl1epl1'1HC cnryaturone KOMI1KC HaJla311MO y 113BI1TOncpCHOCTI1 pCaJIHOr 11 aJIOrHYHI1M nocryrmasra rJlaBHI1X jynaxa, Iloaucao na UI1H
)J{)J.paKyJla )l(HBH y epl10Ul1 opaana, xao 11 cuene y Kojl1Ma Marapau KpeYI1 CBOj cas-
78
pmnnua MOJ\CpHOrxynopa.
Y pouany Cyotiuna jeouoe 'Iapnuja XyMOp CC KpHCTaJIHIliC na aBaHTypHcTIfLIKOj rrOM03H CaJ\p)l(HHC xoja CKpHBa H HH3 rrpHKpHBCHHX nopyxa H
aaehasen.a,
CMeX
Ilonoanh
nemmja.
XyMOp je cyncranuujanno TKI1BO CBI1X CCTCTCKI1X HI1BOa 11 y npnrtoaenaa.y
Epanxa B. Pa):lI1'-1CBl1na. Cyncrnryunja nrpe H MalliTC nosapaaa je y caJ\p)l(I1HI1 lllaIbU6e npuse TaKO na ce OHa MO)l(C Y3CTI1 xao ofipasau npacsasor, HCKOHBCHU,HOHaJInor, HJIH TaK03BaHor JIaH'-IaHOr, I1H<pCKTI1BHOr, aJIH fiesonacnor CMcxa.
Illansuea
npuua jc TPaHC<popMI1CaHa y 6Hne KOjC HcrJ\C nocrojn 11 pacre na "KPYlllKI1 J\HBJbau,I1", pysreaa "0J\ cMcxa, 0J\ anpaan.a, OJ\ 3a'-lKOJbI1u,a, HaJ\eB'-IHna, rtpnnea-mha,
CTO
apaxnha,
WCCTOpO
crapvannha
H jenner nOJ\BaJIaUl1na". Y
6JIH311HH TC
Taxo he
ce CMCX
Cnara CMcxa H HCMorynHocT na ce cnyrajy IhCrOBH 113BOpl1, HapO'-lI1TO jc HJIyCTpaTI1BHa y Ilocnacmuuapuuuu KOO 6eCeJ/Oz uapobnsatca, y KOjOj jc CBC 113MalllTaHO,
a LJI1HI1 ce xao na HI1WTa Hl1je 113MI1WJbeHO. H xao llITO y
lllan.ueoj npuuu
uap )l(I1BO-
rtusa HC OJ\OJICBa CMCXy, TaKO HI1 uap Tl1paHI1H y OBOj npl1'-1l1 HC ycnesa na JbYJ\I1Ma
yCKpaTI1 cuex, Y OBOj rrpl1LJI1 I1Ma aneropa-me CI1M60Jl11Ke xoja cyrepmue MI1CaO na
je CMCX MonHO
Bajxa
ucansueuuuu raxohe
rropyxa HOCI1 I1pOHH'-IHO-KOMI1'-1Hy )l(aoKy xoja )l(l1rOlllC JbYJ\CKY JlCIhOCT, nepan H J\Ccrpyxunjy. H3BOpHOCT 11 )l(I1BOTHOCT PaJ\I1'-1CBl1nCBOr xyvopa H3pa311Ta je 11 y J\CJlY
Yueuu uaua, H3 '-IHjcr CC ermnora, HaKOH CJlaBHC asairrype rJIaBHOr jynaxa BI1J\11 na
jc nac POl)CH na naje H )l(HBI1 Y J\pBCHOj KynHu,I1, a Ma'-laK na J\pCMa xpaj TOnJIe
nehu
79
HJIH JIOBH MHWeBe, "jep nnax, Ma4aK je Ma'laK, a rrorr - non, MaTeMaTwrap - MaTeMaTH4ap".
PaAH4eBHneB cxrex xpenn, penaxcnpa H Y4H, jep je HHCrrHpl1CaH na H3BopHMa
peannor 11 <jlaHTaCTH4Hor, na rpaHHUH H3Meljy 36HJbe 11 WaJIe, KaA ce nrpa saxac
nperaopn y CTBapHOCT. YMeTHH4Ke CJIHKe y KojHMa je nocpeACTBOM xyvopa
ycrre-
onneaeiseaor CTI1JICKHM axopztawa MOAepHe nOeTI1Ke, KaKO y noesajn, TaKO H y npo3HHM 06JII1UHMa.
Kana ce
"aeua
JIMTEPATYPA:
1.
2.
3.
4.
AAaMoBl1n,)J;.
IIG
Euxahy, Ca-
)J;aHojJIl1n, M.
TeT, Y)Kl1ue.
5.
PaAOBl1n,)J;.
6.
XapTMaH, H.
(1979):
ECmemUKG,
Beorpan: E11[3.
Summary: In this work the author discusses humour, which stands for a constant literary
characteristic of recent literature for children. This has been illustrated by a broad choice of
writers, starting with J. J. Zmaj up to M. Danojlic and B. Cmcevic. The criteria used to group the
writers were depicting of images and their variety and recognition of humourous characteristics,
80
A. Bergson.
COBpCMCllilOH
nureparypu )l,.IIH nerca. 3TO I1CXO,UHoe 1l0JlQ)J(eIII1C nauo B 60JlblllOM Bbl60pe MIIOrl1X auropax /\JlH
nercn, OT
H.I1.
lie I1CXOWIOH 1I0311l\I1Cti pa3Bl1Tl1H 11 HCTOpl1H nurcparypr.r, 110 CTPCMHJlOCb K Olll1CaHI1H HIlJlCIIHH H
60raTcTBe HX pa:lHo06pa3110CTI1, T.e. yauaaanmo IOMOPI1CTI1~CCKOroTl1nOJlOrWleCKOI'O
npuuraxa.
cioppcanncrnuccxaa nOJTI1Ka.
81