v ny j x i y n

3V2 Digit A/D Converters

with Bandgap Reference
General Description
The MAX130 and MAX131 are 3V2 di gi t A/ D conver t er s
wi t h onboar d LCD di spl ay dri vers. The MAX130 and
MAX131 use a bandgap r ef er ence t o gener at e an
anal og Common vol t age whi ch has t he excel l ent l ong
t er m st abi l i t y of a bandgap ref erence and a guar ant eed
maxi mum t emper at ur e coef f i ci ent of 100ppm/ C. For
mor e demandi ng appl i cat i ons t he "A suf f i x" parts, t he
MAX130A and MAX131A, have a 50ppm/ C maxi mum
t emper at ur e coef f i ci ent .
The MAX130 uses t he same ci r cui t and component
val ues as t he ICL7106, but dr aws a maxi mum suppl y
cur r ent of onl y 250/l/A maxi mum (100/j A t ypi cal ) f r om
a 9V bat t ery, much l ower t han t he 1800J;A maxi mum
suppl y cur r ent of t he ICL7106. The MAX131 uses t he
same ci r cui t and component val ues as t he ICL7136,
wi t h a maxi mum suppl y cur r ent of 100,UA (65/I/A
t ypi cal ) .
These devi ces are avai l abl e wi t h bot h 0 C t o 70 C
and -40 C t o +85 C oper at i ng t emper at ur e ranges.
The oper at i ng vol t age range is f r om 4.5V t o 14V.
Applications
Di gi t al Mul t i met er s
Di gi t al Panel Met ers
Temper at ur e Met ers
pH Met ers
Features
Pi n Compat i bl e Upgr ade f or I CL7106 and I CL7136
Hi gh St abi l i t y Bandgap Ref erence
50ppm/ C Maxi mum Temper at ur e Coef f i ci ent
( MAX130A/ MAX131A)
"IOO/l/A Maxi mum Suppl y Cur r ent ( MAX131)
4.5V t o 14V Suppl y Vol t age Range
Onboar d 3Vj Di gi t L CD Di spl ay Dri ver
Avai l abl e i n I ndust r i al Temper at ur e Gr ades
Ordering Information
PART TEMP RANGE PACKAGE
MAX130CPL 0 C to +70 C 40 Lead Pl asti c DIP
MAX130CQH 0 C to +70C
44 Lead Plastic
Chi p Carri er
MAX130C/ D 0 C to +70 C Di ce
MAX130EPL - 40 C to +85C 40 Lead Plastic DIP
MAX130EQH - 40 C to + 85C
44 Lead Pl asti c
Chi p Carri er
MAX130ACPL 0 C to +70 C 40 Lead Pl asti c DIP
MAX130ACQH 0 C to +70 C
44 Lead Plastic
Chi p Carri er
MAX130AEPL - 40 C to +85C 40 Lead Pl asti c DIP
MAX130AEQH -40C to +85C
44 Lead Plastic
Chi p Carri er
MAX131CPL 0 C to +70C 40 Lead Plastic DIP
MAX131CQH 0 C to +70C
44 Lead Plastic
Chi p Carri er
(Ordering information continued on fast page.)
J OOO
IIJIJIJ

/ H / I XI / H
UAX130
MAX131
^L^i
1
di QT
C1 CI
b i Q
A1 O
F1 d
G1 Q
_ E1 Q
02 n
C2[TO
B2p7
A2 ^
F2 QT
_E2 Q7
03 0*5
B3[H
I E3 n i
1000'S AB4 d
POL
(MINUS SIGN)
H x l X l y H
MAX 130
MAX131
4o]osc 1
3?]OSC 2
sal osc 3
n TEST
36]REF HI
FIEF LO
SIcJef
5 T ] C " E F
13 COMMON
13 IN HI
io] IN L_0
H] A.Z
2fl1BUFF
13 INT
v-
25] G2(TENS)
1 3 C3 1
13 A3 I
! ] G 3 J T
13 BP
See last page for Plastic Chip Carrier Pin Configuration.
"typical Operating Circuit Pin Configuration
> k M X I > M Maxim Integrated Products 1
Call toll free 1-800-998-8800 for free samples or literature.
3
1
/2 Digit A/D Converters
with Bandgap Reference
?
0
1
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Suppl y Vol t age (V* t o V") 15V
Anal og I nput Vol t age (ei t her i nput ) ( Not e 1) V* t o V"
Ref er ence I nput Vol t age (ei t her i nput ) V* t o V"
Cl ock I nput TEST t o V
+
Power Di ssi pat i on ( Not e 2)
CERDI P Package 1000mW
Pl ast i c Package 800mW
Oper at i ng Temper at ur e Range
MAX130C/ AC, MAX131C/ AC 0 C t o +70 C
MAX130E/ AE, MAX131E/ AE - 40 C t o +85 C
St or age Temper at ur e Range - 6 5 C t o +160C
Lead Temper at ur e ( Sol der i ng, 10 sec. ) +300 C
Not e 1: I nput vol t ages may exceed t he suppl y vol t ages,
pr ovi ded t he i nput cur r ent is l i mi t ed t o 100/ / A.
Not e 2: Di ssi pat i on r at i ng assumes devi ce is mount ed wi t h
al l l eads sol der ed t o pr i nt ed ci r cui t boar d.
Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of the specification is not
implied. Exposure to absolute Maximum ratings conditions tor extended periods may affect the device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (MAX130, MAX130A)
(V* = 9V, T . = 25C, f. = 48kHz; test ci r cui t - Fi gure 1; unl ess not ed)
PARAMETERS CONDI TI ONS MI N TYP MAX UNI TS
Zero I nput Readi ng VI N = 0.0V, Ful l Scal e = 200.0mV
T a = 25 C ( Not e 3)
Tmin to T m a x ( Not e 4)
- 000. 0
- 000. 0
000. 0
000. 0
+000.0
+000.0
Di gi t al
Readi ng
Rat i omet r i c Readi ng
V,n = VREF, VREF = 100mV
T a = 25 C ( Not e 3)
t
mi n t o TMA X (Not e 4)
999
998
999/1000
999/ 1000
1000
1001
Di gi t al
Readi ng
Rol l over Error ( Di f f er ence in
readi ng f or equal posi t i ve and
negat i ve readi ng near Ful l Scal e)
- V) N = +V,N S 200.OmV
T a = 25 C ( Not e 3)
t
mi n ' o T m a x ( Not e 4)
- 1 . 2
. 2
+1 Count s
Li neari t y (Max. devi at i on f r om best
st rai ght l i ne fi t)
Ful l Scal e = 200.OmV
or f ul l scal e = 2.000V ( Not e 5)
- 1 . 2 +1 Count s
Common Mode Rej ect i on Rat i o
Vcm = 1V, VI N = OV
Ful l Scal e = 200. 0mV 50 /uV/V
Noi se (Pk-Pk val ue not exceeded
95% of t i me)
V, n = ov
Full Scal e = 200.OmV 15 uv
I nput Leakage Cur r ent V,N = 0
T a = 25 C ( Not e 3)
Tmi n TO T M A X
1
20
10
200
PA
Zer o Readi ng Dri f t V,n = 0
t
mi n to T m a x ( Not e 3)
0.2 JJV/C
Scal e Fact or Temper at ur e
Coef f i ci ent
V1N = 199.OmV
^mi n
, 0
T m a x
(Ext. Ref. 0ppm/ C) (Not e 3)
1 p p m/ C
V* Suppl y Cur r ent VI N = 0
Ta = 25 C
Tmin TMA X
100 250
400
A
Anal og Common Vol t age (wi t h
respect t o Pos. Suppl y)
25kO bet ween Common & Pos. Suppl y 2.95 3.05 3.15 V
Temp. Coef f . of Anal og Common
(wi t h respect t o Pos, Suppl y)
25kO bet ween Common MAX130
& Pos Suppl y ( Not e 7) MAX130A
20
20
100
50
ppm/ C
Pk-Pk Segment Dri ve Vol tage,
Pk-Pk Backpl ane Dri ve Vol t age
V
+
t o V" = 9V 4 5 6 V
Test Pi n Vol t age Wi t h Respect t o V' 4 5 6 V
2 y i / i y j x i x u
3
1
/2 Digit A/D Converters
with Bandgap Reference
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (MAX131, MAX131A)
(V
+
= 9V, TA = 25 C, Fqlock " 48kHz; test ci rcui t - Fi gure 2; unl ess noted)
PARAMETERS CONDI TI ONS MI N TYP MAX UNI TS
Zero Input Reading VI N = 0.0V, Full Scale = 200.OmV
TA = 25 C (Note 3)
Tmi n ' o T M A X ( No t e 4)
-000.0
-000.0
000. 0
000.0
+000.0
+000.0
Di gi tal
Reading
Rati ometri c Reading VI N = VREF, VREF = 100mV
Ta = 25C (Note 3)
t
mi n TO TMAX (Note 4)
999
998
999/1000
999/1000
1000
1001
Di gi tal
Readi ng
Rollover Error (Di fference in
readi ng f or equal positive and
negative readi ng near Full Scale)
"
v
i n =
+ v
i n - 200.0mV
TA = 25C (Note 3)
Tmi n TO T M A X ( No t e 4)
- 1 . 2
. 2
+1 Count s
Linearity (Max. devi ati on f rom best
strai ght line fit)
Full Scale = 200.0mV
or ful l scale = 2.000V (Note 5)
- 1 . 2 +1 Count s
Common Mode Rej ecti on Rati o
Vcm = 1 V , VI N = 0V
Full Scale = 200.0mV
1 tNN
Noise (Pk-Pk value not exceeded
95% of time)
V, n = ov
Full Scal e = 200.0mV 10 V
Input Leakage Current V,N = 0
Ta = 25 C (Note 3)
Tmin TMAX
1 10
200
PA
Zero Readi ng Dri ft V,N = 0
Tmi n < T M A X ( No t e 3)
0.2 fivr c
Scale Factor Temperature
Coeffi ci ent
VI N = 199.OmV
Tmi n , 0 T M A X
(Ext. Ref. 0ppm/ C) (Note 3)
1 ppm r c
V* Suppl y Current
V| N = 0
Ta = 25C
Tmin
T 0
TMAX
60 100
120
uA
Anal og Common Voltage (wi th
respect to Pos. Suppl y)
250kn between Common & Pos. Suppl y 2.95 3.05 3.15 V
Temp. Coeff. of Anal og Common
(with respect to Pos. Suppl y)
250kn between Common MAX 131A
& Pos. Suppl y (Note 7) MAX131
20
20
50
100
ppm/ C
Pk-Pk Segment Drive Voltage,
Pk-Pk Backpl ane Dri ve Voltage
V* t o V- = 9V 4 5 6 V
Test Pin Voltage Wi th Respect t o V* 4 5 6 V
Note 3: Test condi t i on is V,N appl i ed between pi n IN-HI and IN-LO t hr ough a 1Mf ) series resistor as shown i n Fi gures 1 and 2.
Note 4: 1MQ resistor is removed in Figures 1 and 2.
Note 5: Guaranteed by desi gn.
Note 6: Al l pi ns are desi gned to wi thstand el ectrostati c di scharge (ESD) levels in excess of 2000V. (Test ci rcui t per Mi l Std 883,
Met hod 3015.1.)
Note 7: MAX130 and MAX131 t emperat ure coef f i ci ent is guaranteed by sampl e testi ng. MAX130A and MAX131A temperature
coeffi ci ent is 100% tested.
> k i y j x i > k i 3
<0
!
co

3
1
/2 Digit A/D Converters
with Bandgap Reference
Basic Applications
Fi gures 1 and 2 show t he basi c MAX130 and MAX131
appl i cat i ons ci rcui t s. Not e t hat t he ci r cui t s f or t he
MAX130 and t he MAX131 use di f f er ent val ues f or t he
i nt egr at i on and osci l l at or component s. The MAX130
can oper at e usi ng t he MAX131 component val ues, but
t he MAX131 wi l l not oper at e usi ng t he MAX130 com-
ponent val ues. The l ower suppl y cur r ent devi ce, t he
MAX131, must al ways use t he hi gher val ue i nt egr at or
resi st or as shown in component val ue t abl e in Fi gure
2. Wi t h a t ypi cal oper at i ng cur r ent of onl y 65/ j A, t he
MAX131 wi l l oper at e f or about 8500 hour s when
power ed by a t ypi cal 550mAhr al kal i ne 9V battery.
The MAX130 wi l l oper at e f or 2200 hour s wi t h a
550mAhr battery.
Compatibility with
ICL7106 and ICL7136
The MAX130 and MAX131 can di r ect l y r epl ace t he
ICL7106 and ICL7136 wi t h no ci r cui t l ayout or com-
ponent val ue changes in ci r cui t s whi ch are desi gned
t o use t he Common vol t age as t he r ef er ence. I n
ICL7106/7136 ci r cui t s whi ch are desi gned t o use an
ext ernal bandgap ref erence, t he bandgap ref erence
di ode can be r emoved wi t h no ci r cui t changes re-
qui r ed. Nor mal l y t he val ue of t he resi st or bet ween V
+
and t he bandgap r ef er ence di ode is t he onl y c ompo-
nent val ue t hat must be changed t o al l ow t he removal
of an ext er nal bandgap ref erence di ode.
System Reference Point
The anal og bl ock di agr am (Fi gures 3) of t he MAX130
is si mi l ar t o t hat of t he MAX131 (Fi gure 4). The onl y
di f f er ence is t he vol t age at t he non- i nver t i ng t er mi nal
of t he i nt egr at or dur i ng t he de- i nt egr at e, aut ozer o
and zer o i nt egr at or phases. The MAX130 dri ves t he
non- i nver t i ng t er mi nal of t he i nt egr at or wi t h t he
Common pi n dur i ng these phases, as does t he ICL7106.
The MAX131 uses t he In Lo pi n as t he r ef er ence poi nt
f or t he i nt egr at or dur i ng al l phases, as does Maxi m' s
ICL7136.
The ci r cui t conf i gur at i on of t he MAX131 resul t s i n an
excel l ent 120dB r ej ect i on of DC c o mmo n mode vol t -
ages appl i ed t o In Hi and In Lo. The MAX131 conf i gu-
rat i on, t hough, does not have good r ej ect i on of AC
noi se on t he In Lo pi n dur i ng de- i nt egr at i on. If an
AC- DC conver t er is used wi t h a MAX131 it shoul d
ei t her be a hal f - wave ci r cui t (l eavi ng In Lo connect ed
t o Common) or shoul d have adequat e f i l t er i ng t o
avoi d i nduci ng addi t i onal noi se.
The ci r cui t conf i gur at i on of t he MAX130 is unaf f ect ed
by AC noi se on t he In Lo pi n dur i ng de- i nt egr at e, but
t he r ej ect i on of DC c o mmo n mode si gnal s on In Hi
and In Lo is onl y about 86dB, t he same as t he
I CL7106. The i nput vol t age at t he MAX130 In Lo pi n
shoul d be r est r i ct ed t o no mor e t han 1V above t he
Common pi n.
C 1;:F
J J T I | 33
Cref CreF
IN HI 2-19
22-25
IN LO POL
COMMON
V'
BUFF
H / \ X /V\
a, z MAX130
REF HI
INI HEF LO
0SC2 0SC3 osc/
A - ' O O O
ENT
)i (IJIJIJ
21 MI NUS SI GN
1 .
FULL SCALE
VEF R(NT
INPUT
VEF R(NT
200.0 mV 100.OmV 47KQ
2V 1V 470KQ
Figure 1. Maxim MAX130 Typical Operating Circuit, 3
Conversions per Second

H 1
Cref Chef
I N HI 2-19
22 25
I N O POL
C OMMON
BP
V'
BUFF
/ H A X I /V\
AZ MAX131
REF HI
I NT REF LO
OSC2 OSC. ( OSC, V
tOuu
i J J J
21 MI NUS SI GN
1 :
FULL SCALE
INPUT
V R E F R I N T
200.0 mV
2V
100.OmV
1V
180KQ
1.8MQ
Figure 2. Maxim MAX131 Typical Oper at i ng Circuit,
3 Conversions per Second
4 y i / i y j x i > k i
3
1
/2 Digit A/D Converters
with Bandgap Reference
Figure 3. Analog Section of MAX130
Figure 4. Analog Section of MAX131
y n y J X i y n
5
3
1
/2 Digit A/D Converters
with Bandgap Reference
Detailed Description
Conversion Method
The MAX130 and MAX131 use t he dual -sl ope i ntegra-
t i on met hod of conversi on, wi t h the addi t i on of an
autozero phase t o compensat e for the offset of t he
buf f er and i ntegrator, and t he addi t i on of a zero
i nt egrat or phase t o ensure rapi d recovery f r om an
overrange conversi on. Refer t o the ICL7106 data sheet
for a detai l ed descri pt i on of the conversi on phases
and t i mi ng.
The conversi on result is 1000 * (In Hi - l n Lo)/ (Ref
Hi - Ref Lo), wi t h a maxi mum conversi on result of
1999. If the i nput vol tage is greater t han ful l scale,
the MAX130 and MAX131 wi l l bl ank t he l ower three
di gi t s, and wi l l di spl ay the l eadi ng "1" di gi t and, if the
i nput vol tage is negati ve, wi l l al so t urn on t he Mi nus
segment.
MAX 130 and MAX131
Common Pin Voltage Reference
The Common vol t age of t he MAX130 and MAX131 is
deri ved f r om a bandgap reference, unl i ke earlier de-
vi ces whi ch deri ve the Common vol tage f r om a zener.
The MAX130/131 bandgap reference el i mi nates the
excessi ve l ong t erm dri f t associ ated wi t h l ow current
zeners, and t he MAX130/131 can a be source of a
hi gh qual i t y reference vol tage wi t hout the use of
external bandgap reference di odes. The MAX130/131
Common vol t age does have sl i ght l y more wi deband
noi se t han does a zener-deri ved Common vol tage,
but a O.ljuF or greater reference capaci t or wi l l reduce
t he bandwi dt h suf f i ci ent l y t o vi rtual l y el i mi nat e t he
noise.
The l ong t erm st abi l i t y of the common vol tage is
approxi mat el y 0.01% (100ppm or 1/5 count ). The
t emperat ure coef f i ci ent of the each MAX130A and
MAX131A devi ce is i ndi vi dual l y tested at 25 C, at the
mi ni mum operat i ng temperature, and at the maxi mum
operat i ng t emperat ure. The maxi mum al l owabl e t em-
perature coef f i ci ent f r om 25C t o ei ther t emperat ure
ext reme is 50ppm/ C. The MAX130 and MAX131 de-
vi ces wi t hout t he A suffi x are sampl e tested t o ensure
a maxi mum t emperat ure coef f i ci ent of 100ppm/C.
The MAX130/131 Common vol tage is buf f ered by an
op amp whi ch has an out put i mpedance of 1 ohm and
up to 2mA out put si nk current, and a short ci rcui t
current of approxi mat el y 35mA. The Common pi n has
a smal l pul l up current of 1/jA t ypi cal , and if desi red it
can be dri ven t o a vol tage more negati ve than its
i nt ernal l y generat ed vol tage by over power i ng t he
pul l up current source.
Si nce t he MAX130/131 Common vol tage is deri ved
f r om a bandgap reference, it remai ns at a relatively
constant vol t age unt i l V
+
dr ops t o less t han 4V, unl i ke
t he ICL7106 and ICL7136 Common vol tage whi ch
starts t o fal l once V
+
drops t o around 7V. The PSRR of
Common is 0.1mV/V (80dB) t ypi cal f or a V
+
vol tage
change of 9V t o 4.5V.
The Common vol tage is t r i mmed to 3.05V 100mV.
Thi s is si gni f i cant l y more accurat e t han the 2.4V t o
3.2V span al l owed in t he ICL7106. The better vol tage
accuracy allows the tri m range of the reference vol tage
t o be reduced, i ncreasi ng resol ut i on and ease of
adj ust ment .
MAX130 and MAX131 Test Voltage
The MAX130/131 i nternal l y generate a suppl y whi ch is
4V t o 6V bel ow V
+
. Thi s vol t age power s t he di gi t al
l ogi c secti on, i ncl udi ng the LCD di spl ay driver secti on.
Thi s i nternal test vol tage is coupl ed to the Test pi n via
a 500 ohm resistor. See Fi gure 5. Test pi n is sui t abl e
for poweri ng external low power CMOS ci rcui t ry such
as the deci mal poi nt and annunci at or dri ver ci rcui t s
shown in Fi gure 6.
Oscillator
The MAX130 and MAX131 osci l l at or ci rcui t is shown
in Fi gure 5. The osci l l at or is di vi ded by 4 t o generate
the system cl ock, and each conversi on takes 4000
system cl ock cycl es or 16,000 osci l l at or cycl es. The
i nt egrat i on peri od is 1000 system cl ock cycl es or 4000
osci l l at or cycl es. For maxi mum rej ect i on of normal
mode AC si gnal s t he i nt egrat i on peri od shoul d be an
i nteger mul t i pl e of t he i nt erf eri ng si gnal . A 40kHz
osci l l at or f r equency wi l l reject bot h 50Hz and 60Hz
si nce thi s sets the i nt egrat i on peri od equal t o 6 cycl es
of 60Hz and 5 cycl es of 50Hz. Ei ther a 50pF or 100pF
osci l l at or capaci t or can be used and t he resi stor is
cal cul at ed f r om the equat i on f = 0.40/RC.
In Lo and In Hi Differential Inputs
These A/ D converters measure the di f f erent i al vol tage
between In Lo and In Hi. The MAX130 has a t ypi cal
common mode rej ect i on rati o (CMRR) of 86dB; whi l e
the MAX131 has a t ypi cal CMRR of 120dB.
In Hi has a guaranteed maxi mum i nput leakage current
of onl y 10pA, and can be di rect l y dri ven by hi gh
source i mpedances such as pH sensors and by the 10
Megohm i nput i mpedance at t enuat ors normal l y used
in di gi t al mul t i met ers. Bot h In Hi and In Lo have
prot ect i on cl amp di odes t o V
+
and V". If t he i nput
vol t age can go above V* or bel ow V~ t hen t he i nput
current s shoul d be l i mi ted to less than 1mA t o prevent
damage t o the A/D.
The MAX130 and MAX131 common mode vol tage
range for In Hi and In Lo is a mi ni mum of 1V around
Common. Under some ci rcumst ances, In Hi and In Lo
can range f r om V~ + 1.5V t o V
+
- 1.5V. See " Common
Mode Vol tage Range Consi derat i ons" sect i on of t he
Appl i cat i on Notes for f urt her i nf ormat i on.
Reference and CREF Pins
As shown in the anal og bl ock di agrams, Fi gures 3
and 4, Ref Hi and Ref Lo are connect ed to the CRF
pi ns dur i ng autozero and zero i ntegrate phases via
anal og swi t ches. Thi s charges an external reference
capaci tor, whi ch is then used as ei ther a posi ti ve or a
6
y V i y J X I y V I
3
1
/2 Digit A/D Converters
with Bandgap Reference
TYPI CAL SEGMENT OUTPUT
I o o o
( IJ IJ IJ
i
BACKPL ANE
LCD PHASE DRI VER
/ H / l X l / W
MAX130
MAX131
Figure 5. MAX130/131 Digital Section and Oscillator
negat i ve ref erence vol t age as needed dur i ng the de-
i nt egr at i on phase. The common mode vol t age range
( CMVR) of Ref Hi and Ref Lo is V
+
t o V^any vol t age
bet ween V
+
and can be used to dri ve t he Ref Hi
and Ref Lo i nput s. The di f f erent i al vol t age bet ween
Ref Hi and Ref Lo sets t he ful l scal e vol t age. A f ul l
scal e out put of 1999 count s occur s wi t h an i nput
vol tage of +1.999 t i mes the di fferenti al vol tage bet ween
Ref Hi and Ref Lo. If t he di f f er ent i al ref erence vol t age
is 1.0V t he ful l scal e i nput vol t age is 1.999V. Wi t h
100mV reference the ful l scale i nput vol tage is 199.9mV.
LCD Display Driver Outputs
The MAX130 and MAX131 LCD di spl ay dri ver out put s
swi ng f r om V* t o t he Test pi n vol t age at a f r equency
20 t i mes the conver si on rate (50Hz f or an osci l l at or
f r equency of 40kHz and conver si on rate of 2.5 t i mes
per second) . The out put i mpedance is appr oxi mat el y
3kQ. The LCD di spl ay dri ver out put s are non- mul t i -
pl exed or di r ect dri ve, and dri ve i n-phase wi t h t he
backpl ane out put t o t ur n an LCD segment off and
dri ve 180 out of phase wi t h t he backpl ane out put t o
t ur n an LCD segment on.
The BP or Backpl ane out put has an out put i mpedance
of 5000. The LCD dri ve wavef or ms are 50% dut y
cycl e wi t h mat ched rise and fall t i mes t o mi ni mi ze t he
DC component across the LCD di spl ay.
Component Selection
Integrator Resistor, f?f Nr
The MAX130 i nt egr at or and buf f er ampl i f i er s have a
cl ass A out put st age whi ch can del i ver up t o 6aiA wi t h
hi gh linearity. Normal l y, t he MAX130 i nt egrat or resi stor
is chosen to set t he maxi mum current t o appr oxi mat el y
4/jA by set t i ng i ts val ue t o 2 * VrEF/ 4, uA. For a 1V
ref erence t he cor r ect val ue is 470kQ. For a 100MV
ref erence t he correct val ue is 47kO. Si nce t he absol ut e
val ue of R, n t does not af f ect t he conver si on accuracy,
t he t ype of resi stor used f or R, NT is not cri t i cal .
The MAX131 i nt egrat or and buf f er al so have up t o
4/i A of out put cur r ent capabi l i t y, wi t h a maxi mum
out put cur r ent of 1.1/L/A bei ng t he r ecommended
oper at i ng poi nt . For 1V ref erence (2V f ul l scal e) R, NT
shoul d be 1.8MQ. Use 180kf> f or R, NT when usi ng a
100mV ref erence (200mV f ul l scal e).
Integrator Capacitor
The i nt egr at or capaci t or is nor mal l y pol ypr opyl ene,
whi ch has l ow di el ect ri c absor pt i on. Di el ect ri c absor p-
t i on wi l l cause i nt egral l i neari t y errors. For exampl e, if
pol yest er or Myl ar is used, t he measur ed val ue of
i nput s near f ul l scal e wi l l be appr oxi mat el y 0.1% l ower
t han expect ed, whi l e t he measur ed val ue of l ow i nput
vol t ages wi l l be as expect ed.
7
3
1
/2 Digit A/D Converters
with Bandgap Reference
x i xn
MAX 130
MAX131
I TO LCD
DECI MAL
! POI NT OR
. ANNUNCI ATOR
Figure 6A. Fixed Decimal Point Drivers
/V\ A X I / VI
MAX 130
MAX 131
1
TO LCD
^ DECI MAL
poiNT OR
ANNUNCI ATOR
Figure SB. Fixed Decimal Point Drivers
TO LCD
DECI MAL
POI NTS OR
ANNUNCI ATORS
Figure SC. Exclusive "OR" Gate lor Decimal Point Drive
Proper sel ecti on of the i nt egrat or capaci t or val ue can
be veri fi ed by moni t or i ng the out put swi ng of the
i ntegrator wi t h +f ul l scale i nput voltages. In a properl y
operat i ng ci rcui t , f ul l scale i nput vol tages wi l l cause
the i ntegrator out put (INT pi n) t o swi ng t o about +2V.
The i nt egrat or out put can dri ve t o about 0.3V f r om
ei ther suppl y whi l e mai nt ai ni ng hi gh linearity. Inte-
grat or swi ng is i nversel y proport i onal t o the osci l l at or
frequency, so the i nt egrat or capaci t or val ue must be
i ncreased in ci rcui t s wi t h conversi on rates less t han 3
conversi ons per second.
TO LCD
DECIMAL
POINT OR
ANNUNCIATOR
LCD SEGMENT
ON/OFF
CONTROL
Figure 6D. Analog Switch for Decimal Point Drive
If the value of the i nt egrat or capaci t or or i ntegrator
resi stor is t oo low, +f ul l scal e i nput s wi l l cause the
i nt egrat or to saturate as it at t empt s t o dri ve above V'
or bel ow V". If thi s occurs, operat i on wi l l appear
normal f or l ow i nput vol tages, but the conversi on
resul ts for hi gher out put vol tages wi l l be less than ful l
scale.
Very low i ntegrator swi ng wi l l i ncrease the amount of
noi se or "f l i cker" of the conversi ons. A ful l scale
i nt egrat or swi ng of +1V is suf f i ci ent t o avoi d any
si gni f i cant degradat i on of the noi se perf ormance, and
shoul d be used for operat i on wi t h a 5V suppl y.
Reference Capacitor
For most ci rcui t s a reference capaci t or val ue of 0.1/UF
is adequate. However, a larger val ue is needed t o
prevent rol l over error if there is si gni f i cant stray capa-
ci t ance at the reference capaci t or t ermi nal s. Mi ni mi ze
the stray capaci t ance on t he reference capaci t or
termi nal s t o reduce the rol l over error, and if necessary,
i ncrease the reference capaci t or val ue t o 1.0/jF.
The pri nt ed ci rcui t board shoul d be caref ul l y cl eaned
to mi ni mi ze leakage at the CREF termi nal s since leakage
wi l l cause both gai n and rol l over errors. Due to the
i ncreased leakage of the MAX130 and MAX131 at
+70C, a 1.0//F reference capaci t or is recommended
t o reduce rol l over and gai n errors at hi gh temperature.
The reference capaci t or is t ypi cal l y a low l eakage f i l m
capaci tor. Pol yester (Myl ar) is acceptabl e in appl i ca-
t i ons where the reference vol tage is const ant . A l ow
di el ect ri c absorpt i on capaci t or such as pol ypropyl ene
shoul d be used if the reference vol tage is variable,
since any dielectric absorpt i on wi l l increase the settl i ng
t i me in response t o a change in reference voltage.
Si nce the reference vol tage varies in ci rcui t s whi ch
measure resi stance rati ometri cal l y, a pol ypropyl ene
reference capaci t or shoul d be used in ohmmet ers.
Autozero Capacitor
The noi se of the A/ D is i nf l uenced by the autozero
capacitor. For the best noi se performance, an autozero
capaci t or val ue of at least 4 t i mes the i nt egrat or
sv\ y j x i
capaci t or val ue is r ecommended. For a 2V scal e, a
0.047/j F (47nF) capaci t or is adequat e. An aut ozer o
capaci t or of 0. 47^F or great er is r ecommended f or a
200mV f ul l scal e. Al l of Maxi m' s i nt egr at i ng A/ D con-
vert ers have a Zer o I nt egr at or phase whi ch al l ows t he
use of hi gh val ues f or t he aut ozer o capaci t or wi t hout
causi ng hyst eresi s or sl owi ng t he over l oad recovery
t i me.
The aut ozer o capaci t or can be any l ow l eakage f i l m
capaci t or in most appl i cat i ons. A l ow di el ect r i c pol y-
pr opyl ene capaci t or is r ecommended if t here are rapi d
changes in c ommon mode vol t age, or if t he A/ D must
rapi dl y st abi l i ze upon power - up.
Oscillator Components,
MAX130 and MAX131
R0 S c and a 100pF C,
50pF_COsc
per second ei t her use 100kn
- oqs c . or use a 180kQ R0 s c
a n c l a
MAX130 test ci r cui t s show 100kQ/
For t hr ee conver si ons
;c
.
F c
o s c -
T h e
100pF and t he MAX131 test ci r cui t s show 180kQ/50pF,
but bot h A/ Ds wi l l oper at e cor r ect l y wi t h ei t her set of
component s. Ot her conver si on rates can be set by
changi ng t he osci l l at or component s. Each conver si on
t akes 16,000 osci l l at or cycl es, and t he osci l l at or f re-
quency is appr oxi mat ed by t he equat i on f 0 s c
=
0.45/
RC, wher e C = C0 s c
+ 5
P
F
-
Typi cal par t - t o- par t var i at i on of osci l l at or f r equency is
5%, and t he t ypi cal var i at i on wi t h t emper at ur e is an
decrease in f r equency of 3% at 70C, and an i ncrease
i n f r equency of 1% at 0C. Nor mal mode r ej ect i on of
50Hz and 60Hz can be i mpr oved by dr i vi ng t he OSC1
pi n wi t h an ext ernal cl ock si gnal of preci sel y 40.00kHz.
The OSC1 pi n is t he i nput of a CMOS i nverter power ed
f r om V
+
and t he Test pi n vol t age. Ei t her dr i ve OSC1
di r ect l y wi t h a si gnal t hat swi ngs f r om t he Test vol t age
t o V
+
, or dri ve it via an AC- coupl ed 2Vpk- pk t o 5Vpk- pk
si gnal .
Application Notes
Common Mode Voltage Range Considerations
In many appl i cat i ons In Lo is connect ed t o Common,
and t he suppl y vol t age is gr eat er t han 6V. In t hese
cases t he c o mmo n mode vol t age r ange r est r i ct i ons
on In Hi and In Lo wi l l not be a desi gn consi der at i on.
On t he ot her hand, oper at i on wi t h l ow suppl y vol tages,
or oper at i on wi t h ei t her In Lo or In Hi near ei t her
suppl y cal l s f or car ef ul eval uat i on of t he ef f ect of
c ommon mode vol t ages.
Table 1. Common Mode Voltage Limits
3
1
/ 2 Digit A/D Converters
with Bandgap Reference
Si nce t he MAX131 per f or ms all conver si on phases,
i ncl udi ng aut ozer o and dei nt egr at i on, usi ng In Lo as
t he r ef er ence poi nt , t he MAX131 has excel l ent c o mmo n
mode r ej ect i on of appr oxi mat el y 120dB. The MAX130
uses t he Common vol t age as t he r ef er ence poi nt f or
aut ozer o and dei nt egr at i on and t he c ommon mode
rej ect i on rati o of t he MAX130 is about 86dB.
Ther e are f our basi c i nternal l i mi t at i ons on t he al l owabl e
c o mmo n mode vol t age (see Fi gures 3 and 4):
1) The buf f er i nput CMVR is (V" + 1.5V) t o (V
+
- 1.5V).
2) The i nt egr at or CMVR is (V~ + 1.5V) t o (V
+
- 1.5V).
3) The i nt egr at or out put swi ng is l i mi t ed t o V~ t o V
+
.
4) The MAX130 In Lo must not go mor e t han 1.0V
above Common.
Fi gur e 3 shows t hat t he MAX130 buf f er i nput can be
connect ed t o ei t her In Hi , ( Common + VREF) , or
( Common - VREF) , wher e VRE F is t he di f f er ent i al ref er-
ence vol t age bet ween Ref Hi and Ref Lo and is
i ndependent of t he Common vol t age at Ref Hi and Ref
Lo. Fur t her i nspect i on shows t hat t he i nt egr at or is
connect ed ei t her t o In Lo ( dur i ng I nt egr at e) or Com-
mon ( dur i ng dei nt egr at e) .
Fi gur e 4 shows t hat t he MAX131 buf f er i nput can be
connect ed t o ei t her In Hi, (In Lo + VREF) , or (In Lo -
VREF) . The i nt egr at or non- i nver t i ng i nput is al ways
connect ed t o In Lo.
Combi ni ng t he f our syst em CMVR l i mi t at i ons wi t h t he
possi bl e connect i ons resul t s in t he l i mi t at i ons shown
in Tabl e 1.
Operation with Low Supply Voltages
Unl i ke t he ICL7106 and ICL7136 whi ch use a 6V t o 7V
zener t o gener at e t hei r Common vol t age, t he MAX130
and MAX131 use a bandgap ref erence. Ther ef or e t he
MAX130 and MAX131 gener at e an accur at e Common
vol t age wi t h suppl y vol t ages as l ow as 4.5V. Oper at i on
wi t h a 5V suppl y, t hough, does r equi r e at t ent i on t o
bot h t he c o mmo n mode vol t age r ange of t he buf f er,
and t he out put swi ng l i mi t at i ons of t he i nt egrat or. In
part i cul ar, t he i nput c o mmo n mode vol t age range
does not i ncl ude t he negat i ve suppl y vol t age. Maxi m' s
MAX138, whi ch i ncl udes a char ge pump vol t age i n-
vert er and requi res onl y sl i ght ci r cui t modi f i cat i ons of
a MAX130/ I CL7106 ci r cui t , is r ecommended f or +5V
si ngl e suppl y appl i cat i ons wher e a gr ound- r ef er r ed
si gnal is t o be measur ed.
s
*
2
0
1
Cd
DEVICE IN HI IN LO INTEGRATOR SWING
MAX130 wi t h Posi t i ve
I nput Vol t ages
V + 1.5V t o V' - 1.5V V- + 1.5V t o V C O M M O N + 1.0V (I n Lo - V") or ( V C O M M O N - V ),
whi c hev er is smal l er .
MAX130 wi t h Negat i ve
I nput Vol t ages
V" + 1.5V t o V
+
- 1.5V V' + 1.5V t o V* - 1.5V ( V - In Lo) or ( V - V C 0 M M 0 N ) ,
whi c hev er is smal l er .
MAX131 wi t h Posi t i ve
I nput Vol t age
V" + 1.5V t o V* - 1.5V V- + (1.5V + VRE F )
t o V
4
- 1.5V
(I n Lo - V")
MAX131 wi t h Negat i ve
I nput Vol t age
V" + 1.5V t o V" - 1.5V V" + 1.5V t o
V* - (1.5V + VREF )
( V
1
- In Lo)
y n y i x i y H
9
CO
!
co
I
3
1
/2 Digit A/D Converters
with Bandgap Reference
Fi gure 7 shows t ypi cal component s f or +5V si ngl e
suppl y MAX130/131 operat i on wi t h a 200mV f ul l scal e
range. Si nce the common vol tage is 3.05V bel ow V
+
, it
is less t han 2V above gr ound. Thi s means t hat the
i nt egrat or swi ng must be reduced by i ncreasi ng the
value of the i ntegrator capaci tor. The val ue shown wi l l
result in about 1V t o 1.5V i ntegrator swi ng.
O. VF
U 2 i
C O MMO N
BUFF
/V\ yj X I / V\
MAX 130
MAX131
HEF HI
REF LO
OSC2 OSC3 OSC1 V
JOOO
IIJIJIJ
r a
FULL SCALE
INPUT
V
REF
200.0 mV 100.OmV
Figure Z Single Supply +5V Operation
The vol tage at the buffer i nput must stay in t he
common mode vol tage range of (V~ + 1.5V) t o (V
+
-
1.5V). Wi t h the maxi mum common vol tage of 3.15 and
a ful l scale negati ve i nput of -200mV, thi s l i mi t is met
wi t h a 4.85V or greater suppl y.
Wi t h a 2V f ul l scale, t he i nput buf f er wi l l exceed its
negati ve common mode vol tage range when a -2V
i nput is appl i ed wi t h less than 6.7V suppl y voltage.
Operation on SV Supplies
The MAX130/131 can easily be used wi th +5V supplies.
Connect V
+
t o +5V, V" t o -5V. If the vol tages t o be
measured are referred t o gr ound, t hen connect In Lo
t o gr ound. In most cases, Ref Hi and Ref Lo shoul d
be connect ed t o a resistive di vi der st ri ng between V*
and Common, as shown in the st andard appl i cat i on
ci rcui t s of Figures 1 and 2. If Common is not used to
generate the reference it can ei ther be left f l oat i ng or
can be connect ed t o ground. If the MAX130/131 osci l -
lator is dri ven by 5V l ogi c, or if the MAX130/131 LCD
out put s dri ve 5V l ogi c, t hen connect t he Test pi n t o
ground. If the MAX130/131 open ci rcui t Test vol tage is
above ground, then connect i ng Test pi n to gr ound
wi l l set the i nternal di gi tal gr ound t o approxi mat el y
ground. If, however, the open ci rcui t Test vol tage is
negati ve, t hen the i nternal di gi t al gr ound vol tage wi l l
remai n negative, addi t i onal V
+
suppl y current wi l l be
drawn, and the LCD segment s wi l l cont i nue to swi ng
bel ow gr ound. The OSC1 pi n, however, wi l l respond
t o a vol tage swi ng of 0V to 5V in ei ther case.
Low Battery Detector Circuit
Si nce the vol tage between Common and V
+
is between
2.95V and 3.15V unti l t he vol tage bet ween V
+
and V"
falls t o less t han 4V, a si mpl e l ow battery det ect or can
be made usi ng a t ransi st or vol tage det ect or as shown
in Fi gure 8. When Q2 is off the Low Battery segment
is dri ven in phase wi t h the backpl ane and is off. When
Q1 and Q2 t urn on, the Low Battery segment is hel d
approxi mat el y mi dway bet ween t he Test vol tage and
V
+
, and the Low Battery LCD segment becomes visible.
Q1 and Q2 t ur n on when the vol t age at the base of
Q1 is one base-emi tter vol tage more posi ti ve than
Common vol tage. Wi t h t he 4. 7MQ/ 4. 7Mf i di vi der
shown, this occurs when the battery vol tage is approxi -
matel y 6V. Decrease the value of R1 t o l ower the
battery det ect i on voltage.
A si mi l ar ci rcui t usi ng onl y one t ransi st or can be
made usi ng t he Test pi n as the reference vol tage
rather t han Common. Si nce the Test pi n vol tage may
range f rom 4V to 6V, the l ow battery det ect i on vol tage
when usi ng the Test pi n as a reference is not as
accurate as Fi gure 8, whi ch uses the Common vol tage
as the reference.
Figure 8. Low Battery Detector and LCD Segment Drive
Common Problems
and Their Solutions
Erratic, Unpredictable Readings
Make sure that In Lo is connected to Common. Leaving
both In Lo and In Hi f l oat i ng wi t h respect t o Common
and the power suppl i es wi l l cause errati c readi ngs
si nce In Lo and In Hi wi l l unpredi ct abl y fl oat f rom V
+
t o V" unl ess a DC connect i on bet ween ei ther In Lo or
In Hi and Common is provi ded.
Look at the INT (pi n 27 of the 40 pi n DIP) wi t h an
osci l l oscope. Wi t h 0V i nput t he INT pi n shoul d be at
appr oxi mat el y t he same vol t age as t he In Lo pi n.
10 > n y i x i y n
Wi t h a f ul l scal e i nput vol t age t he I NT pi n vol t age
shoul d be a t r i angul ar wavef or m. If no t r i angul ar
wavef or m is seen, or if it is not i n t he 2Hz t o 4Hz
f r equency range, t hen revi ew t he osci l l at or ci r cui t
connect i ons and component s t o make sure t hey are
cor r ect .
Overload Display
The l east si gni f i cant t hr ee di gi t s are bl anked if t he
i nput vol t age exceeds f ul l scal e. The l eadi ng "1" is
di spl ayed f or posi ti ve overl oads, and a "-1" is di spl ayed
f or negat i ve over l oads. Any of t he condi t i ons t hat
cause er r at i c r eadi ngs as di scussed above may cause
over l oad readi ngs. In addi t i on, check t he di f f er ent i al
vol t age bet ween In Hi and In Lo and make sure t hat it
is no mor e t han t wi ce t he di f f er ent i al vol t age bet ween
Ref Hi and Ref Lo. Al so make sur e t hat t he vol t age at
Ref Hi is mor e posi t i ve t han t he vol t age at Ref Lo,
si nce i ncor r ect ref erence pol ar i t y wi l l al ways cause
an over l oad readi ng.
Gross Nonlinearity
If t he resul ts are l i near f or l ow i nput vol t ages, but t he
di spl ayed resul t st ops i ncr easi ng as hi gher i nput vol t -
ages are appl i ed, t hen t he most l i kel y cause is sat ur a-
t i on of t he i nt egr at or out put . Wi t h a f ul l scal e vol t age
appl i ed, l ook at t he vol t age on t he I NT pi n. It shoul d
not come cl oser t han 0.3V t o ei t her suppl y. I ncrease
t he i nt egr at or capaci t or val ue if t he I NT out put swi ng
is excessi ve. Al t ernat i vel y, i ncrease t he osci l l at or f re-
quency by changi ng t he osci l l at or resi st or and capa-
ci t or val ues.
Nonlinearities of 2 to 20 Counts
A pol yest er (Myl ar) i nt egr at or capaci t or wi l l resul t in
about 2 or 3 count s of nonl i near i t y at f ul l scal e. Use
pol ypr opyl ene f or best l i neari ty. Leakages i nt o t he
i nt egr at or capaci t or, t he aut ozer o capaci t or, or t he
ref erence capaci t or wi l l al so cause l i neari t y errors.
Make sur e t hat pr i nt ed ci r cui t boar ds are t hor oughl y
cl eaned after sol der i ng.
Gain Error and Rollover Error
A gr oss gai n er r or wi l l resul t if t he i nt egr at or out put
cur r ent capabi l i t i es are exceeded. Make sure t hat
R
I NT ^ V r e f / 2 . 5 A ( A f o r t h e MA X 1 3 0 , a n d > V R E F / 0 . 6 / / A
f o r t h e MA X 1 3 1 .
Gai n er r or s less t han t en count s are gener al l y caused
by ei t her t oo much st ray capaci t ance on t he CR E F
termi nal s, or by excessi ve pri nt ed ci rcui t board leakage.
St ray capaci t ance and l eakage can be det ect ed by
r educi ng t he r ef er ence capaci t or by a f act or of t en. If
t he er r or dr amat i cal l y i ncreases, t hen ei t her st ray
capaci t ance or l eakage at t he ref erence capaci t or
t er mi nal s is t he cul pr i t . Error caused by st ray capaci -
t ance t end t o be a pur e gai n error, whi l e er r or s due t o
l eakage t end t o be nonl i near t ypi cal l y squar e law.
Errors due t o l eakage can al so be det ect ed by cl eani ng
t he board, t hen baki ng t o r educe moi st ur e cont ent .
Offset Errors,
or Non-Zero Reading with OV Input
Thi s t ype of er r or is most of t en caused by l eakages
3
1
/2 Digit A/D Converters
with Bandgap Reference
i nt o t he i nput pi ns, t he i nt egr at or capaci t or, or t he
aut ozer o capaci t or.
A very hi gh cl ock rate can al so make t he MAX130 and
par t i cul ar l y t he MAX131 show 001 wi t h 0V i nput .
Ei t her r et ur n t he osci l l at or f r equency t o t he st andar d
40 or 48kHz range, or if a hi gher cl ock f r equency
must be used, t hen put a resi st or of a f ew hundr ed
ohms in seri es wi t h t he i nt egr at i on capaci t or .
The MAX130/131 have bet t er per f or mance wi t h l ow
i nt egr at or swi ng t han do t he ICL7106 or ICL7136, but
ext r emel y l ow i nt egr at or swi ng may st i l l resul t in a
non- zer o r eadi ng wi t h 0V i nput . I ncrease i nt egr at or
swi ng t o at l east 0. 5V wi t h a f ul l scal e i nput , wi t h
2V swi ng bei ng pref erred.
Missing Segments on the LCD Display
Thi s is very, very rarel y a pr obl em of t he MAX130/131.
Mor e of t en it is caused by open ci r cui t s in t he LCD
connect or / bezel , par t i cul ar l y if an el ast omer i c con-
nect or (zebra st ri p) is used. Check t he vol t age wave-
f or m at t he pi ns of t he MAX130/131. A si gnal i n- phase
wi t h t he backpl ane t ur ns of f an LCD segment , a
si gnal 180 out of phase f r om t he backpl ane t ur ns on
an LCD segment .
Noisy Readings
The most c ommon reason f or noi sy r eadi ngs, par t i cu-
l arl y i n engi neer i ng l abs, is si mpl y t hat t he i nput
si gnal is noi sy. The I MO/ I OnF i nput f i l t er shown in
Fi gures 1 and 2 wi l l si gni f i cant l y reduce hi gh f r equency
noi se, and t he capaci t or val ue can be i ncr eased t o
f ur t her at t enuat e 50/ 60Hz.
If t he i nput si gnal is cl ean, t hen t he next t hi ng t o
check is i nt egr at or swi ng si nce l ow i nt egr at or swi ng
wi l l i ncrease t he noi se. If t he i nt egr at or swi ng must be
r educed t o less t han 1V f or some reason, t hen i n-
cr easi ng t he val ue of t he aut ozer o capaci t or wi l l i m-
pr ove t he noi se per f or mance. For most ci r cui t s, t he
i nt egr at or swi ng shoul d be appr oxi mat el y 2V.
A very l ow val ue f or t he aut ozer o capaci t or wi l l al so
make t he r eadi ngs noi sy. The val ue of t he aut ozer o
capaci t or shoul d be at l east t wi ce t he val ue of t he
i nt egr at i on capaci t or, and i ncr easi ng t he aut ozer o
capaci t or val ue t o bet ween 4 and 10 t i mes t hat of t he
i nt egr at or capaci t or wi l l i mpr ove t he noi se per f or m-
ance, par t i cul ar l y wi t h l ow r ef er ence vol t ages.
St r ay c o u p l i n g of noi se si gnal s, ei t her di gi t al /
mi cr opr ocessor noi se or 50/ 60Hz and 100/120Hz ri ppl e
can al so be a cause of noi sy readi ngs. The ci r cui t
area most l i kel y t o pi ck up stray si gnal s is t he aut ozer o
capaci t or. The di st ance bet ween t he aut ozer o capa-
ci t or and t he AZ pi n shoul d be mi ni mi zed, as shoul d
t he di st ance bet ween t he aut ozer o capaci t or and t he
i nt egr at i on resi st or and capaci t or. If possi bl e, use a
gr ound pl ane ar ound t he sensi t i ve anal og sect i on t hat
i ncl udes C| NT , CA Z , and R, NT. Si nce t he BUFF and
I NT pi ns are t he out put s of op amps, t hey are less
sensi t i ve t o noi se pi ck- up t han is t he AZ pi n, whi ch is
t he i nput of an op amp. Or i ent t he i nt egr at i on capaci t or
such t hat its out er f oi l is connect ed t o t he I NT pi n.
y k i y i x i > k i
cs
!
CO
X
I
3
1
/2 Digit A/D Converters
with Bandgap Reference
The MAX131, unl i ke t he MAX130, is sensi t i ve t o AC
noi se at In Lo dur i ng t he de- i nt egr at e phase. In
parti cul ar, f ul l wave AC- DC conver t er s shoul d be used
wi t h t he MAX131 onl y if bot h out put s of t he AC- DC
conver t er out put are wel l f i l t ered.
The Common out put s of t he MAX130 and MAX131,
bei ng der i ved f r om a bandgap ref erence, are noi si er
t han t he ICL7106 and ICL7136 Common out put s,
whi ch are der i ved f r om zeners. Thi s coul d cause an
i ncrease in conver si on noi se, but onl y if t he CR E F is
less t han 0.1//F, and t her e is no bypassi ng at t he
r ef er ence i nput s.
Poor bypassi ng of t he suppl y vol t age may cause a
coupl e of count s of noi se i n t he r eadi ngs, par t i cul ar l y
if t he power suppl y al so power s di gi t al l ogi c, si nce
hi gh f r equency spi kes on t he power suppl y mi ght
cause t he compar at or t o f al sel y i ndi cat e zer o cr ossi ng
one or t wo cl ock cycl es earl y. Or di nar y 0.1/uF bypass
capaci t or s are adequat e in most cases. Si nce t he
MAX130 and MAX131 dr aw very l i ttl e cur r ent , a si mpl e
RC f i l t er can be used t o pr ovi de great er spi ke and
r i ppl e at t enuat i on i n t hose cases wher e t he power
suppl y is except i onal l y noi sy.
Si nce t he osci l l at or f r equency is sl i ght l y af f ect ed by
t he suppl y vol tage, l arge changes in t he suppl y vol t age
dur i ng a conver si on may cause a f ew count s of error.
A t ypi cal case wher e t he ef f ect must be consi der ed is
in a bat t ery power ed ci r cui t wher e t he bat t ery is al so
bei ng used t o dri ve hi gh cur r ent l oads such as mot or s
or l amps. For ext r eme cases wher e hi gh cur r ent l oads
moment ar i l y change t he bat t ery vol t age a vol t or
more, use a seri es di ode and a capaci t or of 10//F or
greater.
Application Hints
1. See t he ICL7136 and ICL7106 dat a sheet s f or a
vari et y of appl i cat i on ci r cui t s whi ch can al so be
used wi t h t he MAX130 and MAX131.
2. In some appl i cat i ons it may be usef ul t o appl y a
f i xed r ef er ence vol t age bet ween In Hi and In Lo,
and t o appl y t he si gnal t o Ref Hi and Ref Lo. In
t hi s mode of oper at i on t he di spl ayed r eadi ng is
i nversel y pr opor t i onal t o t he i nput vol t age. In ot her
words, the di spl ayed readi ng is the resul t of dividing
t he f i xed ref erence vol t age by t he si gnal vol t age. A
t ypi cal appl i cat i on wher e t hi s f unct i on is usef ul is
in an RPM meter, wher e a vol t age pr opor t i onal t o
t he per i od of a si gnal is di vi ded i nt o a f i xed vol t age
t o conver t per i od i nt o RPM ( f r equency) . Anot her
exampl e is in a conduct ance meter, wher e t he
conver si on bet ween ohms and Si emens is per-
f or med by swappi ng t he posi t i ons of t he unknown
and ref erence resi stors.
3. A seri al out put pul se st r eam can be obt ai ned f r om
t he MAX130/ 131 by moni t or i ng t he vol t age at t he
CR E F t er mi nal s as shown in t he ci r cui t of Fi gur e 23
i n t he ICL7106 dat a sheet. Use an AND gat e t o
combi ne t he r esul t i ng End- of - Conver si on si gnal
wi t h t he osci l l at or out put f r om OSC3, pi n 38.
4. If t he i nput si gnal pol ar i t y is reversed f r om t he
desi r ed pol ari t y, t hen use t he " Mi nus" segment t o
dr i ve t he vert i cal bar of a pl us si gn, and per ma-
nent l y t ur n on t he hor i zont al bar of t he pl us si gn
usi ng one of t he deci mal poi nt dri ver ci r cui t s of
Fi gur e 6. When t he MAX130/ 131 measur es a nega-
ti ve pol ari t y, a "+" wi l l be di spl ayed. When t he
MAX130/ 131 measur es a posi t i ve pol ari t y, t hen a
" - " wi l l be di spl ayed. ( Nor mal oper at i on of t he
MAX130/131 is no pol ar i t y i ndi cat i on f or a posi t i ve
i nput , and a " - " si gn f or a negat i ve i nput . )
5. It is not nor mal l y pr act i cal t o mul t i pl ex one LCD
di spl ay bet ween a MAX130/131 and anot her IC,
si nce t hi s requi res an anal og swi t ch i n seri es wi t h
every LCD segment . One desi gn al t ernat i ve is t o
conver t all si gnal s t o pul se st reams (see #3, above),
t hen t o mul t i pl ex t he pul se st r eams i nt o a count er /
LCD dri ver such as t he I CM7224. Anot her al t erna-
t i ve is t o use a BCD out put A/ D conver t er such as
t he I CL7135 in combi nat i on wi t h t he ICM7211 di s-
pl ay dri ver.
Ordering Information (Continued)
PART TEMP. RANGE PACKAGE
MAX131C/ D 0C t o +70C Di ce
MAX131EPL - 40 C to +85C 40 Lead Pl asti c DI P
MAX131 EQH - 40 C to +85C 44 Lead Pl asti c Chi p Carri er
MAX131ACPL 0C t o +70C 40 Lead Pl asti c DI P
MAX131ACQH 0C t o +70C 44 Lead Pl asti c Chi p Carri er
MAX131AEPL - 40 C t o +85C 40 Lead Pl asti c DI P
MAX131AEQH - 40 C t o +85C 44 Lead Pl asti c Chi p Carri er
Pin Configuration
^ , X
u o u.
(/) WJ ui UJ
O O t- T
J
o
- - ^ - T U tfj
< m u D > z o
" l h R h h . - P
Pin Configuration
^ , X
u o u.
(/) WJ ui UJ
O O t- T
Gi |_8
Ei ' V
D2 [IC[
C; [ i T
NC
b2 fiT
A2 JV
F2 I E
E; [i
D3 I T
O
/ M / \ X I / U
MAX130
MAX 131
^39] REF LO
"381 CREF
i l l CREF
36] COMMON
35] IN HI
! NC
"331 IN LO
"3^ A Z
'.1 BUFF
"30" INT
f f f f f H i l M f i
cdl TUJ o ? f f i C < U <S
< 0 .
44 Lead Plastic Chip Carrier (Quad Pack)
Maxim can no! assume responsibility for use ot any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses arc
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
12 _Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-7600
1995 Maxi m I nt egr at ed Pr oduct s Pri nt ed USA y i / MX M/ i is a r egi st er ed t r ademar k of Maxi m I nt egr at ed Pr oduct s.