Session13 EXWiringMethods

EXInstallationMethods
ConduitorCableGlands...
IndirectEntryviaEExe
gland & enclosure
DirectEntryviaEExd
conduit
DirectEntryviaEExdgland
gland&enclosure
conduit
TypicalWiringMethods
RigidConduit
Unarmored
bl Cable
Armored
Cable
IECCableTypesandConstruction
UnarmoredCablesimilartoUSTCtypecablesbutwithfullyextrudedfillers.ArmoredCablesimilarin
concepttoIEEE45TypePmarineshipboardcableandcontinuouscorrugatedaluminumarmorcable.
TypeSWA SteelWireArmor
l TypeSTA SteelTapeArmor
TypeSWB SteelWireBraid
Cable/ConductorRequirementsinZone
applications
ThefollowingmainrequirementsarelistedintheEN60079standardforcablesandconductors:
useonlyinsulatedcablesandconductors(testvoltage500VAC),
inspecialcasesearththerequiredscreeningonlyonceattheendofthenonexplosiveenvironment,
protect intrinsically safe circuits against external electrical or magnetic fields through the maintenance of protectintrinsicallysafecircuitsagainstexternalelectricalormagneticfieldsthroughthemaintenanceof
adequatedistances,screeningand/orcoretwisting,isolateintrinsicallysafecablesandconductorsfromnon
intrinsicallysafecablesandconductorsor,protectagainstmechanicaldamageor,protectthroughmetal
housing,orscreeningofthecablesandconductorsdonotcombineconductorsofintrinsicallysafeandnon
intrinsically
safecircuits
preventthefrayingoffinewiredconductorsthroughtheuseofcablesleeves,forexample:
keeptominimumdiameterof0.1mm,
isolateintrinsicallysafeandnonintrinsicallysafecircuitsincablebundlesorductsviainsulationspaceroran
earthed metal spacer (not required with screening or sheathing) earthedmetalspacer(notrequiredwithscreeningorsheathing),
identify(i.e.lightblue)thecablesandconductorsofintrinsicallysafecircuits(notrequiredwithshieldingor
metalsheathing)
Cable/ConductorRequirementsinZone
applications
Whenselectingcablesandconductors,onlyusethosewhichcanwithstandtheexpected
mechanical,chemicalandthermalinfluences.Cablesandconductorswiththermoplasticsheath,
duroplasticsheath,elastomersheathormineralinsulationwithmetalsheathmaybeusedforfixed
i C bl b h li l i h h i f h d routing.Cablebranchlinesmustcomplywiththerequirementsforhazardousareas.
Thecablesandconductorsmustbeconnectedtotheelectricalequipmentinlinewiththedirectives
fortheassociatedtypeofprotection.Unusedopeningsondevicesandequipmentmustbeclosed.
Whencablesandconductorsareinstalledthroughopeningsintononhazardousareas,caremustbe g p g ,
takentoprovideanadequatesealattheopenings(e.g.sandfilling,mortar)topreventcarryingover
ofthezone.Atparticularly
hazardouspoints,cablesandconductorsmustbeprotectedagainstthermal,mechanicalorchemical
stressby,forexample,conduits,tubingorcovers.Theflameretardanceofcablesandconductorsfor
fixed routing must be proven in accordance with IEC 60332 1 fixedroutingmustbeproveninaccordancewithIEC603321.
IECCableTypesandConstruction
Ingeneral,SWAcablehasbeenthecableofchoiceintheUKfor
onshoreinstallations.Itissomewhatflexible,readilyavailable
andhasgoodbendingcapabilities.
SWBcablehasbecomethechoiceforinstallationsoffshorewith
variousarmormaterialsincludingtinnedcopper,bronzeand
othermaterials.Veryflexibleyetdurableunderverydemanding
conditions.Manydifferentjackettypesavailable.
STAismoreofanonshoretypecableandiswidelyusedin
onshoreapplicationsincontinentalEurope,especiallyforpower
applications.ClientshavestartedtoshyawayfromSTAasitis
generallyregardedasslightlymoredifficulttoterminatethan ge e a y ega ded as s g y o e d cu o e a e a
eitherSWAorSWB.
Onevariationcommonlyusedfordirectburyapplicationsisa
Leadsheathedarmorcable.Leadprovidesaverygood
i l ti d t i l t d i ti l l i t t insulationduetocorrosiveelementsandisparticularlyresistant
torodentsandants.Cableglandsforleadsheathedcable
typicallyneedanadditionalcomponenttoseattheleadportion
ofthecable.
DesignationsonglandsistomarkaXZforbraidandtape,witha
Wforwirearmorforfieldinstallation.
IECCableTypesandConstruction
BFOU & RFOU instrumentation cables are manufactured with either overall or individual screens the BFOU&RFOUinstrumentationcablesaremanufacturedwitheitheroverallorindividualscreens,the
coresareeitherlaidupaspairsortriples.Idealforsignalandinstrumentationcircuitswherethefire
performanceandLowSmokeZeroHalogenpropertiesareincreasinglybeingrequiredwithinpublic
buildingsandpowerstations,aswellastraditionalPetro/Chemindustries.Thecableisdesignedto
carryonworkingforaperiodof3hourswhenexposedtofire,accordingtoIEC60331testprocedure.
l ff d d l f ( ) BFOUalsooffersgoodscreeningproperties,reducingElectroMagneticInterference(EMI).
Construction
Tinnedstrandedcopperconductor,MICAtape,EPRinsulation,overallscreenofCopperbacked pp , p , , pp
Polyestertapewithastrandedcopperdrainwire0.75mm,innersheathofHalogenFreeThermoset
Elastomer,tinnedcopperwirebraidandanoutersheathofHalogenFreeThermosetElastomer.The
individuallyscreenedversionhasaCopperbackedPolyestertapewithastrandedcopperdrainwire
0.75mm aroundeachpairortriple.
Corecolors
Pairs - Light blue, black
Triples - Light blue, black and brown
Each pair or triple is identified by a numbered tape.
CableTypes
IECCableTypesandConstruction
ThemostcommonsheathmaterialfordatacablinginuseintheUKisPVC.Formanyenvironments,
PVCistheidealmaterial,havingsuperiormechanicalcharacteristicsandhighreliability.However,in
afire,PVCemitsheavyblacksmokemixedwith
hydrochloric acid thus reducing vision immediately impairing breathing and additionally initiating hydrochloricacid,thusreducingvision,immediatelyimpairingbreathing,andadditionallyinitiating
corrosionofallequipmentexposedtothefumes.Forimprovedfireperformance,itiscommonfor
LSZHLowSmokeZeroHalogen(usuallymeetingIEC61034,IEC607542andIEC603323)cable
sheathstobeusedwithinEurope.
Fire Performance Standards FirePerformanceStandards
ThemajorStandardsincommonuseare
showninthetable.
CablesmeetingIEC603323havebetterfireperformancecharacteristicsthanthosemeeting
IEC603321:Theyuseeitherathickercablesheathoramoreexpensivesheathmaterialand
thereforethecableismorecostly.
IECCableTestsforFireApplications
TypicalIECCableTests
FireResistantTest IEC6033121Underlongfire
exposure,thecablemustmaintainthepower
supplyforvitalsafetyequipment(emergency
lighting,alarm,systems&firepumps,etc.) g g, , y p p , )
SmokeDensityTest IEC610341/2The
smokedensitytestevaluatesthesmoke
emissionsofthecableandthejacket
construction.
Testunderfirecondition IEC603323
Flameretardanttestsimulatingcables
installedinbunchonaverticalladder
underfireconditions.
IEC6033212Singlewireorcable
A test on a single length of cable
600mm long held between 2 clamps.
The flame is applied for a
predetermined amount of time based
on the weight of the cable.
To pass the test there should not be
any visible damage or charring within
50mm of the lower edge of the top
l (E l t 425 hi h th clamp (Equal to 425mm higher than
the flame source) once all
combustion has stopped.
This test replaces IEC60332 1 BS4066 This test replaces IEC603321, BS4066
pt 1 & BS EN 5026521.
IEC603323Theladdertest
The IEC603323 ranges of tests are conducted on
bunches of cables and are much closer to a real life
installation. 3.5m Lengths of cables are bunched g
onto a cable ladder in a chimney simulating a building
riser.
The volume of cable on the ladder is determined in
litres of combustible material to offer a balanced
view of performance across a cable range.
A flame is applied 500mm from the base of the
ladder for a predetermined time. When the burner
has extinguished a one hour afterburn period is
allowed then the cables are checked for performance.
T th t t th bl h ld t b ff t d b To pass the tests the cables should not be affected by
the flame 2.5m above the flame source.
BS EN 50266 is the BS standard for the same test
procedure procedure
IEC603323categories
Test Qtyofmaterial Flameapplication Supersedes
60332322 Cat A 7 0 litres 40 minutes IEC603323A 60332 3 22CatA 7.0litres 40minutes IEC60332 3A
BS4066pt3A
60332323CatB 3.5litres 40minutes IEC603323B
BS4066 pt 3B BS4066pt3B
IEC60332324CatC 1.5litres 20minutes IEC603323C
BS4066pt3C
IEC60332 3 25 Cat D 0 5 litres 20 minutes IEC60332325CatD 0.5litres 20minutes
60332321CatAF/R UsedforlargeO.Dcablesinsteadof322CatA.Thecablesare
mountedonthefrontandbackoftheladder
Allthesetestsaretobeconductedoncompletecables.
CompoundsalonecannotbetestedtoIEC60332
FireResistantTesting
bl b l f l d f l f d A cables ability to continue operating safely during a fire. Also referred to as circuit integrity.
Widely used in commercial/public buildings & MOG applications to control fire alarm/monitoring systems,
emergency lighting, fire shutters and emergency evacuation equipment.
EuropeanFireStandards
Standard Ref. Performancerequirement
IEC60331 Cables0.6/1kV. 3hoursat750C(1970edition)
IEC6033121 Cables0.6/1kV 90minutes@750C(unlessalt.statedinthecablespec)
IEC6033123 Datacables 90minutes@750C
IEC6033125 Opticalfibre 90minutes@750C
IEC6033131 Cables0.6/1kV 120minutes@830Cwithvibration
VDE0472 FE180 ThistestisequaltoIEC60331(1970edition) q ( )
DIN4102 E30 Completesystemintegrityfor30minutes
DIN4102 E90 Completesystemintegrityfor90minutes p y g y
EN50200PH30,PH60,PH120 BS8434wasdevelopedandenhancedfromthisstandard.
CurrentlyEN50200isinferiortoBS8434asitdoesnot
includethewaterspraytest.
SmokeEmission&ToxicGas
Obscuration of vision and toxic gas are the main threat to people during a fire leading to disorientation
and chocking from fumes Death is normally caused by choking rather than flames Reducing smoke & and chocking from fumes. Death is normally caused by . choking rather than flames. Reducing smoke &
fume emissions is vital to enable safe evacuation.
Equipment damage is caused by HCl gases mixing with moisture from the sprinkler systems and creates
acid rain leading to long term component failure even if the equipment does not look damaged acid rain leading to long term component failure even if the equipment does not look damaged.
Notallmaterialsthatarelowsmokearehalogenfree,examples:
LSPVC(LimitedSmokePVCtoUL1685)
Fluorocarbons (PTFE FEP etc ) Fluorocarbons(PTFE,FEPetc.)
TypeBCSPtoBS6883(1991)
EuropeanSmokeTesting
IEC 610342: A one meter sample of cable (or a bundle of
cables depending on the outer diameter) is placed in a 3m
cube and subjected to combustion by an alcohol produced cube and subjected to combustion by an alcohol produced
flame for 20 minutes. The light transmission through the
cube should not fall below 60% during the test (at peak or
total)
Measurement method :
100W halogen light source sensed by a photoelectric cell
positioned on the opposite side of the smoke cube.
IEC610342 is the most popular test used for cable in
Europe.
IEC610341 covers the apparatus required and test
procedure.
ToxicGasEvolutionIEC60754
IEC607541 (BS EN 50267 pt1) measures the amount of hydrochloric acid (HCl) evolved during
burning The result is normally expressed as a percentage of the sample weight There is no burning. The result is normally expressed as a percentage of the sample weight. There is no
pass/fail criteria.
This method is not suitable for testing cables classed as Zero Halogen and compounds
containing less than 5mg/g (5%) containing less than 5mg/g (5%)
IEC607542 (BS EN 50267 pt2) measures the corrosiveness of the evolved gas in terms of
acidity (pH) and conductivity. IEC 607542 recommended values are :
pH > 4.3. & Conductivity of combustion gases < 10 mS/mm
PanelWiringtoIECrequirements
MostofEuropeabidesbyIEC(InternationalElectrotechnical Commission)wiringcolorcodesforAC
branchcircuits.Theoldercolorcodesinthetablereflectthepreviousstylewhichdidnotaccountfor
properphaserotation.Theprotectivegroundwire(listedasgreenyellow)isgreenwithyellowstripe.
Function Label CurrentColorIEC OldColorIEC
ProtectiveEarth PE GreenYellow GreenYellow
Neutral N Blue Blue
Line,singlePhase L Brown Brown orBlack
Line 3 phase L1 Brown Brown or Black Line,3phase L1 Brown Brown orBlack
Line,3phase L2 Black BrownorBlack
Line,3phase L3 Grey BrownorBlack
The United Kingdom now follows the IEC AC wiring color codes The table below lists these TheUnitedKingdomnowfollowstheIECACwiringcolorcodes.Thetablebelowliststhese
alongwiththeobsoletedomesticcolorcodes.
Function Label CurrentColorUK OldColorUK
ProtectiveEarth PE GreenYellow GreenYellow o ec e a G ee e o G ee e o
Neutral N Blue Black
Line,singlePhase L Brown Red
Line,3phase L1 Brown Red
Line,3phase L2 Black Yellow
Li 3 h L3 G Bl Line,3phase L3 Grey Blue
ExampleofoldUKwiringcolors
Theuseofcolorcodedferrulesorsleevesistypicallyleftuptotheclient/userpreference.
EitherpracticeisacceptabletorelevantIECstandards.
CableGlandSelectionCriteria
Cableglandsusedinenclosuresintendedforuseina
hazardousareamustmeetwiththe
samecriteriaastheenclosuretowhichtheyare y
connected.Forexample,cableglandsusedon
anEExeenclosuremustmeettherequirementsforthe
enclosuresoftheEExe
standardi.e.mustbecapableofwithstandinga7Nm
impact and capable of maintaining an impactandcapableofmaintainingan
ingressprotectionofatleastIP54.
Ifaplasticornonmetalliccableglandisuseditmustbe
capableofpassingthesetestsafter
havingundergoneanacceleratedconditioningperiod.
Mostreputablecableglandmanufacturershavetheir
productsapprovedbyasuitablynotified
body and will carry the certification markings on the body bodyandwillcarrythecertificationmarkingsonthebody
ofthegland.Cableglandsareaveryimportantelementin
theprotectionofelectricalequipmentandshouldnotbe
underestimated.Thereareavastarrayofdifferentcables
inusetodayanditisimportantthatadviceissoughtfrom
bl l d f di l i acableglandmanufacturerregardingselection.
TestingProceduresforCable
Glands Glands
IP66Testing 100litersofwaterfor3minutesfrom
2.5to3meters
Continuity Testing of Armor Gland is heated and cooled ContinuityTestingofArmor Glandisheatedandcooled
overtimeandresistivityshouldnotchangemorethan
10%
TorkTest Multiplespannerstoprescribedtension
with no damage on disassembly withnodamageondisassembly
TestingProceduresforCable
Glands
Load Test Unarmored cable gland with mandrel to
Glands
LoadTest Unarmoredcableglandwithmandrelto
notslipmorethan6mmover6hrs.
ImpactTest Ikgfallingfrom70cmor7joules.No
damagetogland
PressureTest Minimumof450psiwithoutleakage
forExd,2000psiforUL2225requirements
WiringMethods
WiringconceptsOffshorefollowtheestablished&prevailingMarinestandards,
e.g.IEC60092352
ll ( l d ) h ll b h d ff l h Metallicparts(includingarmour)shallbeearthedeffectivelytopreventthem
frombecominglive.
CableArmour/Braidprovidesameansofgoodearthcontinuityaswellas
mechanicalprotection.
Normalpracticehasbeentouseexternalgroundingasthemostdirectrouteto
earth.
Thisiseasilyachievedwithmetalliccableglandsinnonmetallicenclosuresby
the use of an earth tag theuseofanearthtag
Shroudshavebeenfoundtobeanineffectivemeansofkeepingwateroutof
enclosuresandglandsaretypicallynotusedforNorthSeaapplicationsany
more
WiringMethods ShieldingEMI
Protection
TwoformsofEMI/RFItoconsider
ConductedEmissions(Generated&Susceptibility)
AScreenedCableenteringshieldedenclosure
AssistsinprotectionagainstRadiatedEmissions
RadiatedEmissions(Generated&Susceptibility)
Metallicglandsareanessentialpartofthesystem
designinrespectofElectromagnetprotection.
360
o
Cableshieldingprovidesoptimumperformance
forEMCasopposedtopigtailtechniques.
Nonmetallicglandscreatetheweaklinkinthe
systembetweenshieldedcableandenclosure.
TypicalEExd&earmoredcablegland
ComponentsofTypicalEExe&dcablegland.
FrontEnd
DelugeSeal
ArmorCone
ClampingRing BackEnd
OuterSeal
InnerSeal
Inner & Outer Seals
InstallationofEExedgland
Inner&OuterSeals
Locknut
EExd&EExe
Requirement for EEx d cable glands for equipment < 2 litres RequirementforEExdcableglandsforequipment<2litres
Screwedentrythreadsmustmaintainflamepath
Innersealmustbeexplosionproofandgastight
TrendistousedualcertifiedExd&Exe
RequirementsforEExecableglands
Impactstrength 7NmMinimum
MinimumI.P.rating IP54gas/vapour IP64dust
Single(outer)sealasaminimum
Trend is to use a double (inner/outer) seal Trendistouseadouble(inner/outer)seal
NotunusualtousetheidenticalglandforbothEExdandEExeapplicationsforlessconfusionininstallation
inthefield.
InstallationofEExdbarrier
gland
Flame Path
Sealrequired
towithstand
apressureof
450 PSI (31 bar)
FlamePath
Exhaust
Routes
450PSI(31bar)
for2minutes
Pressure essu e
Flame
HotGases
EpoxyResin
Compound
FlamePath
Compound
DirectEntryintoZone1,EExdenclosureover2litersvolume
WithArcingSparkingDevices
Which type is suitable for use with Flameproof Ex d equipment
SampleofCableTypes
WhichtypeissuitableforusewithFlameproofExdequipment
usingaglandwithanELASTOMERIC seal?
CableA CableB CableC
IncorrectShape,
CablesShould
b d

beRound

NoInnerSheath,
ExtrudedBedding
orSuitableFillers
CorrectCable,
e.g.hasan
extruded
inner bedding innerbedding

CableD CableE
WiringMethods TypicalNorwegian
InstallationPractice
IEC6007915CableGlandSelectionChart
Ingeneral,about90%oftheapplicationforhazardouslocationcable
glandscanbefulfilledwiththeuseofanonbarriercompoundgland
WiringMethods TypicalNorwegian
InstallationPractice
DirectandIndirectEntryEExe&EExd
Enclosures
DirectEntry,GlandTypeEEx
dBarrierTypeifvolume>2
litres
IgnitionSource
IndirectEntry,GlandTypeEExe
orDualCertifiedEExe/EExd
gland gland
DirectEntryEExnREquipment
GlandTypeEExDBarrierType
providinggastightBiDirectional
seal
GlandTypeEExd/EExeincorporatinginternal
sealthatprovidesBiDirectionalGastightseal.
DiaphragmSealsorcompressionsealsnot
recommended
Duetothis
WiringMethods CableGlandusageUK
Equipment
MarketSector
EExe95%
UKOffshore
HazardousAreas
Equipment
Cable
EExd5%
BraidArmor
98%
Unarmored
2%
Brass"Armored"
EExd/EExe
C bl Gl d
Brass"Armored"
EExdCompound
B i Gl d
98%
Brass"Unarmored"
EExd/EExe
C bl Gl d
"Unarmored"
PlasticEExe
C bl Gl d
2%
Cable Glands
CableGland
99%
BarrierGland
1%
CableGland
99%
CableGland
1%
CableGlands
ThreadInformationand
Accessories
ThestandardizationofthreadtypeintheIECworldistypicallyaroundthe
Metricstraightthread.However,otherthreadtypesdoexistintheIECworld
andifnotMetricoravariationof,areaPG,BSPorBSTthreadtype.
Accessoriesthatarecommonlyusedare:
CableShrouds Becomingincreasinglylessusedastheyhaveatendencyto
holdwaterinandcoveruppotentialcorrosionwithglands.
EarthTags OtherwiseknownasBanjosorFryingPans.Usedtoprovide
ameanstogroundthecableglandtypicallywhenusedinnonmetallic
enclosures.
L k t T i ll d t th bl l d t th l Locknuts Typicallyusedtosecurethecableglandtotheenclosure.
ThreadInformationand
Accessories(Cont.)
Withthevariousthreadsused,threadadaptorsandreducers
areacommonaccessorywidelyused.Onekeypointisthatitis
notallowedtoreduceareducer
ShakerWashers Typicallyusedbetweenthelocknutand
insideofanenclosure,shakerwashersareusedtoprovidea
meanstokeepvibrationsfromlooseningthecableglandtothe
enclosure.
IPwashers Asthenameimplies,IPwashershelpmaintainthe
IPratingbetweenthecableglandandtheenclosure
Ifyouhaveacableglandinaclearancehole,youhaveametal you a e a cab e g a d a c ea a ce o e, you a e a e a
tometal(orplastic)surfacethatprovidesnobetterthanIP54
protection.IPwashersgobetweenthefaceoftheglandand
theoutsideoftheenclosure.
D i EE d i th t ll d ti t d i f th Drains EExedrainsthatallowcondensationtodrainfromthe
insideofenclosuresduetomoisturebuildupduringthenormal
heatingandcoolingprocessduringthedayandnight.
Cableglandspacingonenclosures
Cableglandsclearanceholesneedtobeconsideredwhendeterminingnumberandsizesofglandsinstalled
inenclosures.Alwaysconfirmglandcrosscornerclearancewithmanufacturerandtemplatesizeof
enclosuretoconfirmwhetherenoughspaceexistsforglandentries
Cableglandspacingonenclosures
TraditionaluseofcableglandsenteringintoanExeenclosureneedasignificant
amountofexcessspacetoallowfortheuseofaspannerorwrenchtotightenthe
gland.TheuseofcabinetsealscertifiedtoExecanreducethefootprintofthe
enclosurerequiredbyasmuchas50%orallowadoublingofcablestoenterinthe
same space as traditional cable glands samespaceastraditionalcableglands.
ExdSealsandConduitSystems
ConduitSealsarecommonlyusedwithconduitsystemsfor
directentryintoEExdenclosures.Themaximumallowed
distancefromenclosureis450mm.LiketheUS,installations
alsorequiresealfittingsatboundaries.
Conduitsystemshaveaslightlydifferentrequirementinthat
countriestypicallymandatemax.fill.Inthecaseofmostof
thesouthernEuropeancountries,amax.fillof60%is
allowed This differs with US regulations of typically 40% allowed.ThisdifferswithUSregulationsoftypically40%
maximumconduitfill.Conduitsystemsareusuallylimited
to3000Vorless.Above3000V,cablesystemsarerequired
TypicalWiringPracticeswithConduit
Allswitchingmechanismsshouldbeomnipolarwheretheneutralwireisalwayscut
MINIMUMallowedwiresizes: AuxiliaryCircuits(Controls)1.5mm/sq. Power
Circuits2.5mm/sq.
Cablesshouldbe3000Vmin.andflameretardanttype
CablesMUSTprotectedagainstinsulationdamagegenerallydueto:
Impactdamage
Heatsourcesthatcoulddamagecablesinsulation
Chemicalsubstancesthatcouldcauseinsulationcablescorrosion Chemical substances that could cause insulation cables corrosion
Inordertocomplywithabovementionedrequirements,aproperchoiceofcablesand
cableroutingisveryimportant.
If C bl P f f l ith i k f i id t l d IfCablesPassfarawayfromanyplacewithriskofcorrosionoraccidentaldamage
(i.e.cablesforceilingmountedlightingfixtures)astandardPVCinsulatedcablesin
propercabletraysareallowed.Whencablescomedowntoworkingareas,orpass
besidetovalvesorotherequipmentthatmightreleaseheatorcorrosivesubstances
thatmightdamagecablesinsulation,itisrecommendedtopassrelevantcablesinside
agalvanizedsteelpipes.Ifcablesgotovibratingmachines(example:electricalmotors)
pipesshouldbeflexiblehoses,forthelast500mmapprox.connectedtospecialcable
glandswithfemalethreadedheadwhichallowforflexiblehosesdirectconnectionto
theglandnut,withoutleavinganypartofcablesuncovered.
ThisisverysimilartoUSinstallationswherebytheuseofconduitactsasameansof
mechanicalprotection.
TypicalWiringPracticeswithConduit
FlexibleConduitforvibrationand
mechanicalprotection
Conduitformechanical
protection
TypicalWiringPracticeswithConduit
IEC61386isthenewEuropeanstandardgoverningtheperformanceofflexible
conduit(andrigid)systemsinelectricalinstallations.
TensiletestforIEC61386.
SupersedingthecurrentEuropeanflexibleconduitsystemsstandards,EN50086,IEC
61386 covers performance requirements for use of such products in electrical 61386coversperformancerequirementsforuseofsuchproductsinelectrical
installationapplications.Theperformancerequirementscoveredincludefatiguelife,
bendradius,operatingtemperature,nonflamepropagation,IPratings,impact
resistanceandpulloffstrength.FullimplementationofIEC61386isbeingphasedin
throughout2006,anditisexpectedthatthestandardwillfullyreplaceEN50086by
2007 2007.
Thosemanufacturersofflexibleconduitandtrunkingwhichcandemonstratefull
compliancewiththenewstandard(forexample,intheUKviaBSIandtheKitemark
scheme),especiallyifconfirmedbyindependentthirdpartycertification,willbeina ), p y y p p y ,
goodcompetitivesituationintermsofsales.Thisisbecausesuchmanufacturers'
customerswillbeabletoconfidentlyspecifyflexibleconduitsystemscomplyingwith
IEC61386forthecompleterangeofsuitableapplications,knowingthattheyhave
beenapprovedtothenewscheme.Suchcustomersoftenfacestrictcontrolsontheir
working environments and may typically include food processing healthcare workingenvironments,andmaytypicallyincludefoodprocessing,healthcare,
hazardousarea,MODandotherspecialistmarkets.
TypicalWiringPracticeswithConduit
Tests to be carried out under IEC 61386: TeststobecarriedoutunderIEC61386:
ThenewIEC61386standardrequiresanumberofteststobecarriedoutonspecimenconduitmaterials.
Theseinclude:
TheImpactStrengthTest Thisiscarriedoutonconduitsoverarangeofdifferenttemperatures.Thetestis
madeoneachspecimenusinganimpactheadwithadefinedprofile.Conventionally,fracturebehavioris
studied,butunderthistest,itisthedeformation(buckling)behaviorthatisalsodetermined.Thespecimen
passesthetestifnofractureoccursafterimpact,andthereisalsonoexcessivepermanentdeformation.
ThePeakLoadTest Undertherequirementsofthistest,carriedoutonconduitspecimensunderstandard
ambientconditions(whichisspecifiedas23Cat50%relativehumidity),theconduitisdeformedbyadefined
amountbetweentwoplates.
TheReverseBendingTest(WithSwingingMovements) Thistestisbasedonacyclicreversedbendingof
conduitsundervarioustemperatures.Undertherequirementsforthetest,conduitsaredynamicallyloaded
andevaluatedoverthetemperaturelimits.Thenumberofbendingcyclestakentofracturetheconduit
determinesitsstrength.
TheSelfExtinguishingTest Undertherequirementsforthistest,theconduitisexposedtoaflame(froma
standardburner).Thetimetoignition(ifany),theflamepropagation,andthetimetoselfextinguishingafter
flameremovalareallparametersmeasured.
TypicalWiringPracticeswithCable
Atypicalmethodofmakingfinalterminationstoenclosuresistoleaveexcesscablein
aloopconfigurationtorelieveanypotentialunduestrainonthecablegland,and
alloweasiermodificationsifequipmentneedstobereplacedorrepaired..
TypicalWiringPracticeswithCable