Doko - VN 154533 Tai Lieu Huong Dan Hoc SAP2000

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GII THIEU PHAN MEM SAP2000
1 S PHAT TRIEN CONG NGHE PHAN MEM NGANH XAY DNG
Cung vi xu hng ngay cang phat trien cua khoa hoc va cong nghe
trong lnh vc Xay dng, qua trnh t ong hoa tnh toan va thiet ke vi s ho
tr cua may tnh bang cac phan mem chuyen dung a c trien khai ap
dung rong rai nc ta.
Trong nhng nam 1980 tr lai ay, cong nghe may tnh a co nhng
bc phat trien manh me, no gop phan thuc ay nghien cu va phat trien
cong nghe tren the gii trong hau het cac lnh vc khoa hoc k thuat. Trong
lnh vc xay dng, cong nghe may tnh cung a c ng dung rong rai, bao
gom cac phan mem ve quan l xay dng, kinh te xay dng, phan tch noi lc
ket cau, thiet ke ket cau thep va ket cau be tong cot thep, thiet ke va the
hien ban ve ky thuat ...
Theo xu hng hoi nhap, cac phan mem tnh toan, quan l thuoc chuyen
nganh xay dng a c du nhap t nc ngoai va c ng dung kha rong
rai ben canh s phat trien cua he thong phan mem trong nc. Tuy nhien,
cac phan mem nc ngoai co nhieu van e cha tng thch vi tieu chuan
Viet Nam nen mot so ch ton tai trong gii han tham khao hoac cha khai
thac het kha nang t ong hoa cua chng trnh.
Cac phan mem trong nc ang phat trien kha manh me va rong rai
nhng van con mot so bat li o la cha co s thong nhat trong hng phat
trien, cac phan mem a phan t phat, kha nang ng dung thc te cua cac
chng trnh van con han hep, cha co s anh gia hay tham nh cua c
quan tham quyen cung nh cha co chnh sach bao ho phan mem thoa ang.
Chnh v nhng yeu to tren, hoi thao phat trien cong nghe thong tin cho
nganh xay dng en 2010 a a ra cac muc tieu phat trien o la viec chuan
hoa cac chng trnh tnh toan, quan l va tham nh lai cac chng trnh
phan mem a viet va ang c s dung. ay manh hn viec ap dung cong
nghe thong tin trong quan l va san xuat.
Ngay nay, cac chng trnh phan tch noi lc va thiet ke ket cau a co
nhng bc tien vt bac va rat phong phu ve so lng, rat manh trong qua
trnh tnh toan chang han nh: phan mem ANSYS, STAAD Pro, SAP2000,
ETABS, SAMCEF, STRAND, PLAXIS ... a co the giai quyet c hau het
cac van e trong thiet ke xay dng. Trong o SAP2000 la phan mem c a
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chuong va s dung rong rai nhat do co nhieu tnh nang u viet hn cac phan
mem khac.
Phien ban au tien cua chng trnh c mang ten SAP (Structural
Analysis Program) vao nam 1970, cac phien ban ke tha tiep theo sau la
SAP3, SAP IV va SAP 80 la phien ban co tnh thng mai au tien cua ho
phan mem SAP, phan mem nay c phat trien bi cong ty Computer and
Structure Inc (CSI). Nam 1992 CSI cho ra i phien ban tiep theo la SAP90.
Tuy nhien, phien ban SAP2000 ra i mi la bc phat trien ot pha cua ho
phan mem SAP, theo nh li tuyen bo cua hang CSI th SAP2000 la cong
nghe ngay nay cho tng lai! SAP2000 a tch hp cac tnh nang phan tch
ket cau va tnh nang thiet ke ket cau thanh mot. Cac phien ban thong dung
cua SAP2000 la version 6.11, ver 7.42, ver 8.23 va phien ban mi ang c
s dung kha rong rai la SAP2000 version 9.03. Hien nay, tren th trng a
co phien ban SAP2000 version 10.
2 TNH NANG CUA PHAN MEM SAP2000
2.1. Tnh nang giao tiep
- Giao tiep o hoa trc tiep tren cac ca so man hnh t luc xay dng
mo hnh ket cau, thc hien cac phan tch va thiet ke en khi bieu dien ket
qua tnh toan tren cac hnh anh o hoa hai chieu (2D) va ba chieu (3D).
- He thong li nh v va cac cong cu ve ho tr qua trnh xay dng mo
hnh ket cau mot cach nhanh chong.
- Co the tao nhanh cac mo hnh ket cau t th vien cac phan t mau co
san cua SAP2000.
2.2. Kha nang phan tch va thiet ke
Cac loai phan t: phan t thanh, phan t tam vo - mang (Shell/Plate),
phan t ng suat phang - bien dang phang - oi xng truc, phan t ba chieu.
Vat lieu: trong chng trnh co the phan tch vi vat lieu ong nhat
tuyen tnh ang hng, tuyen tnh trc hng va vat lieu phi tuyen.
Lien ket gia cac phan t: lien ket cng, lien ket na cng, lien ket cuc
bo kh mot so thanh phan lc.
Lien ket gia cac phan t vi at: cac lien ket ly tng thong dung trong
nganh Xay dng nh lien ket ngam, lien ket khp (goi co nh), lien ket
thanh (goi di ong), lien ket an hoi va cac lien ket han che mot so bac t do
bat ky cua nut lien ket.
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Tai trong tac dung len phan t: tai trong tap trung tai nut, tai trong tap
trung va phan bo tren phan t, anh hng cua chuyen v cng bc goi ta,
anh hng cua nhiet o, tai trong pho gia toc, tai trong ieu hoa, tai trong di
ong
Kha nang giai bai toan: so an so khong b gii han (neu dung ban
Nonlinear), trong mot bai toan co the phan tch va thiet ke ong thi nhieu
loai phan t khac nhau ket noi cung chu lc.
Cac dang phan tch: Phan tch tnh (Static Analysis), tnh tan so dao ong
rieng, cac dang dao ong (Modal Analysis), phan tch ap ng ong lc
(Response Anlysis) vi tai trong thay oi theo thi gian va pho gia toc.
To hp cac trng hp tai trong khac nhau cung tac dung len ket cau.
2.3. Cac ban chnh cua SAP2000
Ban phi tuyen (Nonlinear) co kha nang phan tch cac bai toan tnh hoc,
ong lc hoc, phi tuyen; thiet ke ket cau thep va ket cau be tong cot thep
theo mot so tieu chuan; so lng nut va phan t khong gii han.
Ban nang cao (Plus) co kha nang phan tch cac bai toan tnh hoc, ong
lc hoc, nhng khong phan tch c bai toan phi tuyen; thiet ke ket cau thep
va ket cau be tong cot thep theo mot so tieu chuan; so lng nut va phan t
khong gii han.
Ban chuan (Standard) co kha nang phan tch cac bai toan tnh hoc, ong
lc hoc, nhng khong phan tch c bai toan phi tuyen; thiet ke ket cau thep
va ket cau be tong cot thep theo mot so tieu chuan; so lng nut toi a
khoang 1500.
Ban danh cho hoc tap (Eduacation) co kha nang phan tch cac bai toan
tnh hoc, ong lc hoc, phi tuyen; thiet ke ket cau thep va ket cau be tong
cot thep theo mot so tieu chuan; so lng nut toi a la 30 va mot so tnh nang
b han che.
2.4. Yeu cau he thong may tnh
He ieu hanh: Windows 98-2000-XP
Phan cng:
RAM 64 MB.
HDD con trong 500 MB.
CPU Pentium II 400 MHz.
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3 GIAO DIEN CUA PHAN MEM SAP2000
3.1. Cai at
Dung a CD cha bo nguon phan mem SAP2000, double click vao ten
file setup.exe e bat au cai at chng trnh.
Thong thng cac thong so cai at a c nh dang san, ngi s
dung ch can click vao nut Next nhieu lan cho en khi xuat hien thong bao
finish ngha la qua trnh cai at a hoan tat.
Th muc cha chng trnh SAP2000 mac nh khi cai at la C:\
Program file\ Computers and Structures\ SAP2000 v9.
Ban nen tao Short cut tren nen man hnh e nhanh chong khi ong
chng trnh SAP2000 khi can lam viec vi no.
3.2. Khi ong
Co nhieu cach e khi ong chng trnh SAP2000 chay tren nen
Windows, thong thng s dung hai cach khi ong nh sau:
i. Kch up (double click) vao bieu tng SAP2000 tren nen man hnh
Windows, thong thng bieu tng co mau vang kem theo ch sap2000.
ii. Vao Start > Programs > SAP2000 v9 > sap2000 : click chon
3.3. Man hnh giao dien
(Xem hnh trang ke tiep)
* Thanh tieu e:
Bieu tng SAP2000 Ten phan mem Ten tap tin.
* Thanh danh muc lenh (Menu bar):
SAP2000 version 9.03 co 13 danh muc lenh gom: File, Edit, View,
Define, Bridge Draw, Select, Assign, Analyze, Display, Design, Options va
Help.
* Thanh cong cu (Toolbar):
SAP2000 version 9.03 co 14 thanh cong cu at theo phng ngang di
danh muc lenh va theo phng ng ben trai ca so chng trnh, ten cua cac
thanh cong cu: thanh cong cu chuan (standard), Edit, View, Define, Bridge
Draw, Select, Point and Joint Assigns, Frame and Line Assigns, Shell and
Area Assigns, Display, Design, Snap va Band75.
Moi thanh cong cu co nhieu nut lenh, moi nut lenh cha mot lenh.
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* Thanh trang thai (Status bar):
The hien trang thai cua ca so ang lam viec bao gom hop n v lc-
chieu dai-nhiet o, he toa o, v tr con tro Thanh trang thai nam ben di
ca so chng trnh.
* Mien lam viec:
Vung nhap d lieu, hien th d lieu, hien th ket qua va cac o th, bieu
o
3.4. Cach ra lenh trong SAP2000
- Cach 1: Ra lenh t thanh danh muc lenh (Menu bar).
- Cach 2: Ra lenh t thanh cong cu (Toolbar).
3.5. Cac lenh trong cac Menu va cac Toolbar cua SAP2000
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Cac lenh trong menu File Cac lenh trong menu Edit

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Cac lenh trong menu View Cac lenh trong menu Define

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Cac lenh trong menu Draw Cac lenh trong menu Assign

Cac lenh trong menu Select Cac lenh trong menu Analyze

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Cac lenh trong menu Display Cac lenh trong menu Options

Cac lenh trong menu Design

Cac lenh trong menu Help

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SAP2000 ver 9.03 co tat ca 14 thanh cong cu, a con tro len mot thanh
cong cu bat ky roi nhan nut phai chuot, sau o anh dau chon cho hien ra
thanh cong cu tng ng hoac anh dau bo chon e khong cho hien th thanh
cong cu o tren ca so chng trnh.

Tat ca cac nut tren cac thanh cong cu.

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4 QUAN LY CAC TAP TIN D LIEU SAP2000
4.1. Tao mi file
File > New Model hoac click vao nut New mau trang tren thanh cong
cu chuan (standard).
4.2. Lu file
File > Save as lu file khi can at ten file mi hoac lu v tr
ng dan mi. Ten file d lieu cua SAP2000 co phan m rong la SDB, dang
ten file la filename.SDB.
File > Save hoac click vao nut Save (hnh a mem) tren thanh cong
cu chuan (standard) hoac nhan to hp phm (Ctrl + S) e lu nhanh file vao
ung v tr va ung ten file ma no ang ton tai, nhng neu nh tap tin ang
lam viec cha lu lan nao th lenh save giong nh lenh save as la lu file khi
can at ten file mi hoac lu v tr ng dan mi.
4.3. M file a co
File > Open hoac click vao nut Open (hnh cuon sach mau vang m
ra) tren thanh cong cu chuan (standard) hoac nhan to hp phm (Ctrl + O) e
m file a co lu trong thiet b ghi d lieu, ban can chon ung ng dan va
ten file a co filename.SDB roi nhap up hoac click chon nut open tren hop
thoai.
4.4. Cac file d lieu khac
Ngoai file d lieu *.SDB, SAP2000 con co cac file d lieu khac co
phan m rong nh sau:
*.S2K, *.$2K co the dung phan mem soan thao khac e tao file d lieu
roi import vao chng trnh SAP2000.
*.EKO cha cac thong tin ve d lieu nhap vao.
*.OUT cha cac ket qua c xuat ra.
*.TXT khi can xuat ket qua phan tch va thiet ke ra dang bang bieu e
co the tiep tuc x ly ket qua bang cac phan mem khac nh Word, Excel

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5 QUY TRNH PHAN TCH NOI LC BANG SAP2000
5.1. Xay dng s o tnh
5.1.1. Chon n v
Trc khi thc hien bat ky bai toan nao bang SAP2000 eu phai chon
n v chuan cua lc chieu dai nhiet o. Hop n v goc di ben phai
ca so chng trnh.
Tuy theo bai toan, ban co the chon n v kgf-m-C hoac Ton-m-C
5.1.2. Tao mo hnh mi
File > New Model

Trong SAP2000 v9.03 co en 18 cach e tao mi mot mo hnh ket cau, oi
vi nganh Xay dng dan dung va cong nghiep, thong thng chon cac mo
hnh sau: Beam (Dam), 2D Trusses (Dan phang), 3D Trusses (Dan khong
gian), 2D Frames (Khung phang), 3D Frames (Khung khong gian) Wall
(tng), Flat Slab (San phang), Shells (Tam vo) va Staircases (Cau thang).
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Sau khi chon Beam trong hop thoai New Model

Sau khi chon 2D Frame trong hop thoai New Model
Sau khi chon Grid Only trong hop thoai New Model

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Chon phng an xay dng mo hnh t cac ng li khi cac kch thc nhp
hoac chieu cao tang khong eu (khoang cach li theo moi phng khong
eu nhau). Chon v Use Custom Grid Spacing and Locate Origin.

Sau khi click vao Edit Grid

- X, Y, Z Grid Data: D lieu ng li theo X, Y, Z.
- Grid ID: so hieu ng li x1,2,3, y1,2,3, z1,2,3
- Ordinate: Toa o ng li
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5.1.3. Hieu chnh va gan lien ket
Chon nut can gan hoac hieu chnh lien ket, Assign > Joint > Restraints

5.1.4. Thay oi va hien th so th t phan t / so th t nut
Thay oi so th t phan t / nut, Edit > Change Labels

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Hien th so th t phan t / nut, View > Set Display Options

Chon Labels trong cac o Joints va Frames/Cables/Tendons.
5.2. ac trng vat lieu va tiet dien
5.2.1. ac trng vat lieu
Define > Material

Sau khi chon CONC va click vao Modify/Show Material
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Sau khi chon STEEL va click vao Modify/Show Material

5.2.2. ac trng tiet dien
Define > Frame Sections

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Click vao nut tam giac ben phai Add I/Wide Flange e m ra bang liet ke
cac loai tiet dien co the khai bao trong SAP2000, neu muon khai bao tiet
dien ch nhat th chon Add Rectangular

Sau khi click chon Add Rectangular, neu muon tao mi mot tiet dien ch
nhat th click vao nut Add New Property

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Sau khi click vao Add New Property

Trong hop thoai nay can xac nh cac thong tin:
- Section name: Ten tiet dien, tiet dien ch nhat thng at ten dam hoac
cot trc va kch thc bang cm theo sau, v du D2030, C2530
- Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao.
- Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v a chon t au, thng la m.
- Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v a chon t au, thng la m.

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Cac la chon trong Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > dung e gan cac
thuoc tnh cho cac phan t Frame/Cable/Tendon

5.2.3. Gan tiet dien
* Chon cac phan t can gan tiet dien.
* Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Sections

Chon ten tiet dien tng ng can gan cho cac phan t a chon.
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5.3. Khai bao va gan tai trong
5.3.1. Khai bao cac trng hp tai trong
Define > Load Cases

- Load name: Ten cua trng hp tai trong
- Type: Loai tai trong
- Self Weight Multiplier: He so nhan trong lng ban than, trng hp tai
trong co ke trong lng ban than ket cau th nhap 1 (thng tnh tai), neu
khong ke trong lng ban than th nhap 0 (thng hoat tai s dung, gio )
Modify Load : Hieu chnh trng hp tai ang chon.
Add New Load : Them mot trng hp tai trong mi.
5.3.2. Gan cac loai tai trong tac dung tren phan t thanh (Frame, Cable,
Tendon)
Co the gan tai trong lc, tai tap trung tren phan t, tai phan bo eu
phan bo hnh thang phan bo tam giac phan bo tuyen tnh bat ky tren phan
t, Tai trong thay oi nhiet o
Cac la chon trong Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > dung e
gan cac loai tai trong cho cac phan t Frame, Cable va Tendon.
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* Gan tai trong lc
- Chon cac phan t can gan tai trong lc.
- Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Gravity

- Load Case Name: Chon trng hp tai can gan tai trong lc.
- Gravity Multipliers: He so nhan trong lc.
- Global X, Y, Z: He so nhan trong lc theo cac phng X, Y, Z trong
he toa o tong the.
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* Gan tai tap trung tren phan t
- Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Point

Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TINHTAI
Load Type and Direction: (Loai tai va hng tac dung)
Chon Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction Gravity.
Point Load: (Tai tap trung tren phan t).
Chon Absolute Distance from End-I (khoang cach tuyet oi)
Distance x1 x2 x3 x4
Load P1 P2 P3 P4
* Gan tai phan bo tren phan t
- Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed
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Trapezoidal Load: (Tai trong phan bo tuyen tnh tren phan t).
Distance x1 x2 x3 x4
Load q1 q2 q3 q4
Uniform Load: (Tai trong phan bo eu tren phan t).
5.3.3 Gan cac loai tai tap trung tai nut
Cac la chon trong Assign > Joint Loads > dung e gan cac loai tai
trong tap trung tai nut va cac chuyen v cng bc goi ta.
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* Gan tai trong tap trung tai nut
- Chon cac nut can gan tai tap trung
- Assign > Joint Loads > Forces

- Force GlobalX, Y, Z: Lc tap trung tai nut theo cac phng X, Y, Z trong
he toa o tong the.
- Moment about GlobalX, Y, Z: Moment tap trung tai nut quay quanh
phng X, Y, Z trong he toa o tong the.
* Gan chuyen v nut cng bc:
- Chon cac nut can gan tai tap trung
- Assign > Joint Loads > Displacements
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5.4. Khai bao to hp tai trong
Khi phan tch noi lc ket cau co nhieu trng hp tai trong oc lap khac
nhau cung tac ong len ket cau th can phai tien hanh ket hp cac trng tai
trong co the ong thi xay ra theo xu hng tang noi lc ket cau, qua trnh
nay c goi la to hp tai trong.
Thc hien to hp tai trong trong SAP2000 nh sau
Define > Combinations

Sau khi click vao Add New Combo
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- Response Combination Name: at ten cho trng hp to hp.
- Combination Type: Loai to hp. Linear Add = Cong tac dung.
- Case Name: Chon trng hp tai trong co tham gia trong to hp ang khai
bao.
- Scale Factor: He so to hp cua trng hp tai trong tng ng.
- Add: Them trng hp tai trong ang chon vao to hp.
- Modify: Hieu chnh trng hp tai trong ang chon a co trong to hp.
- Delete: Loai bo trng hp tai trong ang chon ra khoi to hp.
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5.5. Giai bai toan
5.5.1. Chon bac t do
Analyze > Set Options

Bac t do la so chuyen v co the xay ra cua bat ky mot nut nao o trong ket
cau, tong quat, 1 nut trong khong gian co 6 bac t do gom 3 bac t do chuyen
v thang UX UY UZ va 3 bac t do chuyen v xoay RX RY RZ oi
vi cac truc OX, OY va OZ. Chon cac bac t do cho bai toan trong muc
Available DOFs, hoac co the chon nhanh cac bac t do trong muc fast DOFs
theo cac hnh mau cua bai toan tng ng. Khi giai bai toan ket cau dam va
khung phang trong mat phang XZ th moi nut co 3 bac t do UX, UZ va RY,
nen chon vao hnh khung phang (Plane Frame XZ Plane), neu la khung
khong gian th co u 6 bac t do nen chon vao hnh khung khong gian (Space
Frame).
5.5.2. Gan so mat cat can xuat ket qua cho phan t Frame
Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Output Stations
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Max Station Spacing: Khoang cach ln nhat gia cac mat cat.
Min Number Stations: So mat cat toi thieu.
5.5.3. Lu bai toan
File > Save as Chon ng dan va at ten file.
5.5.4. Giai bai toan
Analyze > Run Analysis hoac nhan phm F5 hoac nhan nut >Run
Chon Run Now va ch may chay (xuat hien ca so co ch mau xanh) en khi
xuat hien dong ANALYZE COMPLETE, chon OK e ong ca so giai.
5.6. X ly ket qua
5.6.1. Xem s o bien dang
Display > Show Deformed Shape

- Case/Combo Name: Chon ten cua trng hp tai trong hoac trng hp to
hp can xem s o bien dang va chuyen v.
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- Scaling: Phong ai hnh dang bieu o t ong (Auto) hoac Nhap so phong
ai theo yeu cau cua ngi s dung (Scale Factor).
5.6.2 Xem bieu o noi lc
Display > Show Forces/ Stresses > Frame/Cable

- Case/Combo Name: Chon ten cua trng hp tai trong hoac trng hp to
hp can xem bieu o noi lc.
- Axial Force: Lc doc.
- Shear 2-2: Lc cat theo phng 2 (thng trung vi phng Z neu la dam
va trung vi phng X neu la cot).
- Shear 3-3: Lc cat theo phng 3.
- Torsion: Mo ment xoan.
- Moment 2-2: Mo ment uon quanh truc 2.
<1, 2, 3> la he truc toa o a phng. XYZ la he truc toa o tong the.
Co the xem bieu o dang to mau (Fill Diagram) hoac xem bieu o co ghi gia
tr (Show Value on Diagram).
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5.6.3. Xuat ket qua thanh file
* File text.TXT , file.RTF, file.HTML
File > Print Tables

Chon cac d lieu nhap va cac ket qua tng ng can xuat thanh file
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* File Excel
File > Export > SAP2000 MS Excel Spreadsheet xls File.

Chon cac d lieu nhap va cac ket qua tng ng can xuat thanh file.

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5.7. Kiem tra va hieu chnh
5.7.1. Kiem tra cac d lieu a nhap
- Kiem tra n v.
Xem lai n v lc chieu dai nhiet o trong hop n v.
- Kiem tra vat lieu.
Define > Material
Chon loai vat lieu can xem, Chon Modify/Show Material
- Kiem tra khai bao tiet dien.
Chon tiet dien can xem, Chon Modify/Show Property
- Kiem tra gan tiet dien.
Display > Show Misc Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon

Chon Frame Section. Chon OK.
- Kiem tra khai bao cac trng hp tai trong.
Define > Load Cases
- Kiem tra tai trong a gan:
Display > Show Load Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon
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Load Name: Chon trng hp tai trong can xem.
Span Loading: Tai tac dung tren phan t.
Show Joint Loads with Span Loads: The hien kem tai trong tac dung
tai nut vi tai trong tren phan t.
Show Span Loading Values: The hien gia tr tai trong tren s o.
- Kiem tra khai bao cac trng hp to hp.
Chon trng hp to hp can xem, Chon Modify/Show Combo
- Kiem tra bac t do.
- Kiem tra so mat cat.
Chon Output Stations. Chon OK.
5.7.2. Hieu chnh cac d lieu a nhap
Neu phat hien sai th bam vao o khoa e m khoa (Unlock), sai phan nao th
hieu chnh phan o.
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Chng 2
KET CAU DAM
1 DAM LIEN TUC CHU TAI PHAN BO EU VA TAI TAP TRUNG
e bai 1:

6 3 3 2 2 2 2 4
Vat lieu: BTCT#200 co W = 2500 kg/m
3
, E = 2.4x10
9
kg/m
2
, = 0.2.
Tiet dien: ch nhat bxh = 20x40 cm. Nhp 6m x 4 = 24m.
1.1.1 Chon n v
Hop n v goc di ben phai ca so chng trnh.
Chon n v kgf-m-C.
File > New Model

Trang 38
Chon s o 1.3 (hang 1 cot 3) Beam (Dam lien tuc).
Sau khi chon Beam trong hop thoai New Model, se xuat hien hop thoai
Beam cho phep nh cac thong so cho dam lien tuc can tao ra.

- Number of Spans (So nhp): 4 Span Length (Chieu dai 1 nhp): 6
- Nhap OK e ong hop thoai, tren man hnh hien ra s o dam can tao.
1.1.3 Hieu chnh va gan lien ket
Khong thc hien v cac lien ket tao ra a giong hoan toan e bai.
1.1.4. Hien th so th t phan t va so th t nut
View > Set Display Options

Chon muc Labels (anh dau v) trong cac o ac tnh cua Joints va cua
Frames/Cables/Tendons roi chon OK, man hnh se hien ra so th t nut va
so th t phan t.
Neu muon khong hien th so th t nut, phan t th vao lai hop thoai nay va
bo chon (bo dau v) trong muc Labels cua Joints va cua Frames.
Trang 39
1.2.1 ac trng vat lieu
Define > Material

Vat lieu la BTCT nen chon CONC va click vao Modify/Show Material

Nhap cac thong so vat lieu nh yeu cau e bai (W = Weight per unit
Volumn =2500, E = Modulus of Elasticity = 2.4e9, = Poissons Ratio = 0.2),
cac thong so con lai khong can quan tam.
Trang 40
1.2.2 ac trng tiet dien

cac tiet dien co the khai bao trong SAP2000, e khai bao tiet dien ch nhat
chon Add Rectangular

Sau khi click chon Add Rectangular, e tao mi mot tiet dien ch nhat th
click vao nut Add New Property
Trang 41


- Section name: Ten tiet dien, tiet dien ch nhat D2030.
- Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao CONC.
- Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.3
- Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.2
Trang 42
Chon vao nut Concrete Reinforcement e chon dam BTCT (beam).
1.2.3 Gan tiet dien
* Chon tat ca cac phan t can gan tiet dien (nut all).
* Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections

Chon ten tiet dien D2030 e gan cho tat ca cac phan t a chon.
1.3.1 Khai bao cac trng hp tai trong
Define > Load Cases

- Load name: (Ni can nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong) TINHTAI.
- Type: (Loai tai trong) DEAD.
- Self Weight Multiplier: (He so nhan trong lng ban than) 1
Modify Load : Hieu chnh trng hp tai ang chon DEAD thanh TINHTAI.
Trang 43
1.3.2 Gan tai trong
* Gan tai cho phan t 1: Lc phan bo eu q = 800 kg/m.
- Chon phan t 1

Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction Gravity.
Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) Nhap 800.
* Gan tai cho phan t 2: Lc phan bo eu q = 1200kg/m va lc tap trung
tren phan t P = 1200kg tai x = 3m.
- Chon phan t 2 (Gan Lc phan bo eu q = 1200kg/m).
Trang 44

Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) Nhap 1200.
- Chon lai phan t 2 (Gan lc tap trung tren phan t P = 1200kg tai x = 3m)
Trang 45

Distance 3 0 0 0
Load 1200 0 0 0
* Gan tai cho phan t 3: Lc tap trung tren phan t P = 1800kg tai x = 2m
va P = 2000kg tai x = 4m.
- Chon phan t 3
Trang 46

Distance 2 4 0 0
Load 1800 2000 0 0
* Gan tai cho phan t 4: Lc phan bo eu q = 1000kg/m va lc tap trung
tren phan t P = 1500kg tai x = 2m.
- Chon phan t 4
Trang 47

Uniform Load: (Tai phan bo eu) 1000.
- Chon lai phan t 4
Trang 48

Distance 2 0 0 0
Load 1500 0 0 0
Khong thc hien v ch xet 1 trng hp tai trong
1.5. Giai bai toan
1.5.1 Chon bac t do
Trang 49

cau, oi vi ket cau dam trong mat phang XZ th co 3 bac t do nen chon vao
hnh khung phang (Plane Frame XZ Plane).
1.5.2 Gan so mat cat can xuat ket qua

Min Number Stations: (So mat cat toi thieu) 9.
1.5.3 Lu bai toan
1.5.4 Giai bai toan
Chon Run Now va ch may chay en khi xuat hien dong ANALYZE
COMPLETE th qua trnh giai hoan tat, chon OK e ong ca so giai.
Trang 50
1.6. X ly ket qua
1.6.1 Xem s o bien dang


Trang 51
- Shear 2-2: Lc cat theo phng 2 (dam co phng 2 trung vi phng Z).
- Moment 3-3: Mo ment uon quanh truc 3,
1.6.3 Xuat ket qua thanh file
File > Print Tables
* File Excel:
1.7 Kiem tra va hieu chnh
1.7.1 Kiem tra cac d lieu a nhap
- Kiem tra n v.
Define > Material
Chon loai vat lieu can xem CONC, Chon Modify/Show Material
Chon tiet dien can xem, Chon Modify/Show Property
Chon Frame Section.
Define > Load Cases
Chon trng hp tai trong can xem, TINHTAI
Trang 52
Chon Output Stations.
1.7.2 Hieu chnh cac d lieu a nhap
hieu chnh phan o.

Trang 53
2 DAM LIEN TUC CO NHP VA TAI TRONG KHAC NHAU
e bai 2:
- S o tnh va tai trong (nhp dam 4-5-4-6m)

4 2.5 2.5 4 2 1 1 2

- Vat lieu BTCT# 250 co W = 2500 kg/m
3
, E=2.65x10
9
kg/m
2
, = 0.2.
- Tiet dien ch nhat bxh = 20x40cm.
2.1.1 Chon n v
Chon n v kgf-m-C.
File > New Model

Trang 54

Do chieu dai cua cac nhp khong bang nhau nen chon phng an xay dng
mo hnh t cac ng li. Chon v Use Custom Grid Spacing and Locate
Origin.

Sau o click vao nut vao Edit Grid e m hop thoai khai bao d lieu cac
ng li nh v.
Trang 55

ieu chnh d lieu cac ng li theo phng X:
Grid ID Ordinate (cu) Ordinate (sa mi)
X1 -8 0
X2 -4 4
X3 0 9
X4 4 13
X5 8 19
- Nhap OK e ong hop thoai khai bao li nh v, tiep tuc nhap OK e
ong hop thoai Beam, luc nay tren man hnh hien ra s o dam can tao.
Chon nut cuoi cung (nut so 5) can hieu chnh lien ket.
Assign > Joint > Restraints
Trang 56

Nhap chon vao bieu tng lien ket ngam
Co the thc hien hoac khong.
Define > Material

Trang 57

Volumn =2500, E = Modulus of Elasticity = 2.65e9, = Poissons Ratio =0.2),

Trang 58


Trang 59

- Section name: Ten tiet dien, D2040.
- Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao, CONC.
Chon vao nut Concrete Reinforcement e chon dam BTCT (beam).
2.2.3 Gan tiet dien
* Chon tat ca cac phan t can gan tiet dien all.
Trang 60

Chon ten tiet dien D2040 e gan cho tat ca cac phan t a chon.
Define > Load Cases

- Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, TINHTAI.
- Type: Loai tai trong, DEAD.
- Self Weight Multiplier: He so nhan trong lng ban than, 1.
2.3.2 Gan tai trong
* Gan tai cho phan t 1: Lc phan bo eu q = 1500 kg/m.
- Chon phan t 1
Trang 61

* Gan tai cho phan t 2: Lc phan bo tam giac can q
max
= 2000kg/m.
- Chon phan t 2
Trang 62

Trepezoidal Loads: (Tai phan bo ng tuyen tnh tren phan t).
Distance 0 2.5 5 0
Load 0 2000 0 0
* Gan tai cho phan t 3: Lc phan bo tuyen tnh tren toan phan t q
1
=
1200kg/m va q
2
= 1500kg/m.
- Chon phan t 3
Trang 63

Distance 0 4 4 0
Load 1200 1500 0 0
* Gan tai cho phan t 4: Lc tap trung tren phan t P
1
= 1000kg tai x
1
= 2m,
P
2
= 1500kg tai x
2
= 3m va P
3
= 1200kg tai x
3
= 4m.
- Chon phan t 4
Trang 64

Distance 2 3 4 0
Load 1000 1500 1200 0
2.5. Giai bai toan
2.5.1 Chon bac t do
Trang 65

cau, oi vi ket cau dam trong mat phang XZ th co 3 bac t do nen chon vao
hnh khung phang (Plane Frame XZ Plane).

2.5.3 Lu bai toan
2.5.4 Giai bai toan
Trang 66
2.6. X ly ket qua


Trang 67
File > Print Tables
* File Excel:
- Kiem tra n v.
Define > Material
Chon Modify/Show Property
Chon tiet dien can xem, Chon Frame Section.
Define > Load Cases
Trang 68
hieu chnh phan o.

Trang 69
3 DAM LIEN TUC CO NHIEU TIET DIEN
e bai 3:
- S o tnh (nhp dam 4-4-5-4-6m)

4 4 5 4 6

- Tai trong

4 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 3

- Vat lieu BTCT# 250 co W = 2500 kg/m
3
, E=2.65x10
9
kg/m
2
, = 0.2.
- Tiet dien ch nhat bxh = 20x30cm, 20x35cn, 20x40cm.
3.1.1 Chon n v
Chon n v kgf-m-C.
File > New Model
Trang 70


Do chieu dai cua cac nhp khong bang nhau nen chon phng an xay dng
mo hnh t cac ng li. Chon v Use Custom Grid Spacing and Locate
Origin.
Trang 71

Sau o click vao nut vao Edit Grid e m hop thoai khai bao d lieu cac
ng li nh v.

Trang 72
X1 -10 0
X2 -6 4
X3 -2 8
X4 2 13
X5 6 17
X6 10 23
ong hop thoai Beam, luc nay tren man hnh hien ra s o dam can tao.
Khong thc hien v cac lien ket a ung nh e bai.
Co the thc hien hoac khong.
Define > Material

Trang 73

Define > Frame Sections Hop thoai Frame Properties xuat hien

Trang 74


Sau khi click vao Add New Property Hop thoai Rectangular Section xuat
hien, can xac nh cac ac trng cho tiet dien can khai bao.
Bai toan co tiet dien ch nhat 0.2x0.3m, 0.2x0.35m, 0.2x0.4m nen phai tien
hanh khai bao 3 lan cho 3 tiet dien o.
Trc het khai bao tiet dien 0.2x0.3m t hop thoai Rectangular Section
Trang 75

Chon vao nut Concrete Reinforcement e chon dam BTCT (beam). Chon
OK, chon OK lan na e ong hop thoai Rectangular Section, tr ve hop
thoai Frame Properties.
Tiep tuc khai bao tiet dien 0.2x0.35m tng t nh khai bao tiet dien
0.2x0.3m, click vao Add New Property Hop thoai Rectangular Section
lai xuat hien
Chon OK e ong hop thoai Rectangular Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame
Properties.
Trang 76
Cuoi cung khai bao tiet dien 0.2x0.4m tng t nh khai bao tiet dien
lai xuat hien lan na
Properties, chon tiep OK e ong hop thoai va hoan tat khai bao tiet dien.
3.2.3 Gan tiet dien
* Chon cac phan t can gan tiet dien D2030 (3 phan t 1, 2, 4 co nhp 4m).
Xuat hien hop thoai Frame Properties.

Chon ten tiet dien D2030 e gan cho cac phan t a chon.
* Chon phan t can gan tiet dien D2035 (phan t 3 co nhp 5m).
* Chon phan t can gan tiet dien D2040 (phan t 5 co nhp 6m).
Trang 77
Define > Load Cases

3.3.2 Gan tai trong
* Gan tai cho phan t 1: Lc phan bo tuyen tnh tren toan phan t
q
1
=1200kg/m, q
2
= 1600kg/m va lc tap trung tren phan t P = 2000kg tai x =
2m.
- Chon phan t 1 (Gan lc phan bo tuyen tnh)
Trang 78

Distance 0 4 4 0
Load 1200 1600 0 0
- Chon lai phan t 1 (Gan lc tap trung tren phan t)
Trang 79

Distance 2 0 0 0
Load 2000 0 0 0
* Gan tai cho phan t 2: Lc phan bo tam giac q
max
= 1800kg/m tai x = 2m.
- Chon phan t 2
Trang 80

Distance 0 2 4 0
Load 0 1800 0 0
* Gan tai cho phan t 3: Lc phan bo hnh thang can q
max
= 1800kg/m tai x
1

= 2m va x
2
= 3m..
- Chon phan t 3
Trang 81

Distance 0 2 3 5
Load 0 1800 1800 0
* Gan tai cho phan t 4: 2 lc phan bo tam giac can q
max
= 1400kg/m tai x
1

= 1m, x
2
= 3m va lc tap trung tren phan t P = 2500kg tai x = 2m.
- Chon phan t 4 (Gan phan tai tam giac th nhat)
Trang 82

Distance 0 1 2 0
Load 0 1400 0 0
- Chon lai phan t 4 (Gan phan tai tam giac th hai)
Trang 83

Distance 2 3 4 0
Load 0 1400 0 0
- Chon lai phan t 4 (Gan lc tap trung tren phan t)
Trang 84

Distance 2 0 0 0
Load 2500 0 0 0
* Gan tai cho phan t 5: Lc phan bo giat cap q
1
= 1600kg/m trong khoang
x = 0~3m va q
2
= 1200kg/m trong khoang x = 3~6m.
- Chon phan t 5
Trang 85

Distance 0 3 3 6
Load 1600 1600 1200 1200
3.5. Giai bai toan
3.5.1 Chon bac t do
Trang 86

Chon vao bieu tng khung phang (Plane Frame XZ Plane).

3.5.3 Lu bai toan
File > Save as
Chon ng dan va at ten file.
3.5.4 Giai bai toan
Trang 87
3.6. X ly ket qua


Trang 88
File > Print Tables
* File Excel:
- Kiem tra n v.
Define > Material
Define > Load Cases
Trang 89
hieu chnh phan o.

Trang 90
Chng 3
KET CAU KHUNG PHANG
1 KHUNG PHANG CHU TAI TRONG NG
e bai 1:
- S o tnh va tiet dien (nhp dam 4-6-4m, cao tang 5-4-4-4-4m)

- Vat lieu: BTCT#250 co W = 2500 kg/m
3
, E=2.65x10
9
kg/m
2
, = 0.2.
- Tiet dien: ch nhat bxh = xem tren s o tnh.
Trang 91
- Tai trong: Lc phan bo eu tren cac dam va lc tap trung tai cac nut

1.1.1 Chon n v
Chon n v kgf-m-C.
File > New Model
Trang 92

Chon s o 1.6 (hang 1 cot 6) 2D Frames (Khung phang).
Sau khi chon bieu tng 2D Frames trong hop thoai New Model, se xuat
hien hop thoai 2D Frames cho phep nh cac thong so cho khung phang can
tao ra.

- Number of Stories (So tang): 5 Story Height (Chieu cao 1 tang): 4
- Number of Bays (So nhp): 3 Span Length (Chieu dai 1 nhp): 6
Do chieu cao cua cac tang va chieu rong cua cac nhp khong bang nhau nen
chon phng an xay dng mo hnh t cac ng li.
Trang 93
Chon v Use Custom Grid Spacing and Locate Origin. Sau o click vao nut
vao Edit Grid e m hop thoai khai bao d lieu cac ng li nh v.

X1 -6 -7
X2 -2 -3
X3 2 3
X4 6 7
ieu chnh d lieu cac ng li theo phng Z:
z1 0 -1
z2 4 4
z3 8 8
z4 12 12
Trang 94
z5 16 16
z6 20 20
ong hop thoai 2D Frames, luc nay tren man hnh hien ra s o khung phang
can tao.
Chon 4 nut chan cot can hieu chnh lien ket.

Nhap chon vao bieu tng lien ket ngam.
Define > Material

Trang 95


Trang 96


Trang 97
Dam co tiet dien ch nhat 0.2x0.3m, 0.25x0.5m, 0.25x0.6m.
Cot co tiet dien ch nhat 0.25x0.3m, 0.25x0.4m, 0.25x0.5m
V vay can phai tien hanh khai bao 6 lan cho 6 tiet dien o.
Trc het khai bao tiet dien dam 0.2x0.3m t hop thoai Rectangular Section
- Section name: Ten tiet dien, D20x30.
Tiep tuc khai bao tiet dien dam 0.25x0.40m tng t nh khai bao tiet dien
lai xuat hien
Properties.
Khai bao tiet dien dam D25x60 nh tiet dien dam D25x50.
Tiep theo khai bao tiet dien cot 0.25x0.3m, click vao Add New Property
Hop thoai Rectangular Section lai xuat hien lan na
- Section name: Ten tiet dien, C25x30.
Chon vao nut Concrete Reinforcement e chon cot BTCT (column). Chon
Trang 98
Khai bao tiet dien cot C25x40, C25x50 nh tiet dien cot C25x30.
* Chon cac phan t can gan tiet dien D20x30 (3 phan t dam mai).
Vao menu Assign > Frame/Cables/Tendons > Frame Sections

* Chon 3x3=9phan t can gan tiet dien D25x40 (3x3 phan t dam lau 2,3,4).
Chon ten tiet dien D25x40 e gan cho cac phan t a chon.
* Chon 3 phan t can gan tiet dien D25x50 (3 phan t dam lau 1).
* Chon 4 phan t can gan tiet dien C25x30 (4 phan t cot bien 2 tang tren
cung).
Trang 99
Chon ten tiet dien C25x30 e gan cho cac phan t a chon.
* Chon 10 phan t can gan tiet dien C25x40 (4 phan t cot gia 2 tang tren
cung + 6 phan t cot bien 3 tang di).
* Chon 6 phan t can gan tiet dien C25x50 (6 phan t cot gia 3 tang di).
Define > Load Cases

1.3.2. Gan tai trong
* Gan tai cho 3 phan t dam lau 1: Lc phan bo eu tren phan t
q=1600kg/m.
- Chon 3 phan t dam lau 1
Trang 100

Distance 0 0 0 0
Load 0 0 0 0
* Gan tai cho 3x3 = 9 phan t dam lau 2, 3, 4: Lc phan bo eu q =
1200kg/m.
- Chon 3x3 = 9 phan t dam lau 2, 3, 4
Trang 101

Distance 0 0 0 0
Load 0 0 0 0
* Gan tai cho 3 phan t dam mai: Lc phan bo eu q = 800kg/m.
- Chon 3 phan t dam mai
Trang 102

Distance 0 0 0 0
Load 0 0 0 0
* Gan tai cho 6 nut co lc P = 3000kg: Lc tap trung tai nut P = 3000kg tai
6 nut tren cot bien cua cac tang 3, 4, 5.
- Chon 6 nut co lc P = 3000kg
Trang 103

Coordinate System GLOBAL.
Force GlobalX: 0
Force GlobalY: 0
Force GlobalZ: -3000
Moment about GlobalX: 0.
Moment about GlobalY: 0.
Moment about GlobalZ: 0.
2 nut tren cot bien cua tang 2.
Trang 104

Force GlobalX: 0
Force GlobalY: 0
8 nut tren cot gia cua cac tang 2, 3, 4, 5.
Trang 105

Force GlobalX: 0
Force GlobalY: 0
1.5. Giai bai toan
1.5.1 Chon bac t do
Trang 106


1.5.3 Lu bai toan
File > Save as
1.5.4 Giai bai toan
Trang 107
1.6. X ly ket qua


Trang 108
File > Print Tables
* File Excel:
- Kiem tra n v.
Define > Material
Define > Load Cases
Trang 109
hieu chnh phan o.

Trang 110
2 KHUNG PHANG CHU TAI TRONG NG VA TAI TRONG
NGANG
e bai 2:
- S o tnh va tiet dien (nhp dam 6-8-8-6m, cao tang 5-4-4-4-4-4m)

- Vat lieu BTCT#250 co W = 2500 kg/m
3
, E=2.65x10
9
kg/m
2
, = 0.2.
- Tiet dien ch nhat bxh = xem tren s o tnh.
- Tai trong: Tnh tai va gio trai (Lc phan bo eu)
Trang 111

Trang 112
2.1.1 Chon n v
Chon n v kgf-m-C.
File > New Model

Chon s o 1.6 (hang 1 cot 6) 2D Frames (Khung phang), se xuat hien hop
thoai 2D Frames cho phep nh cac thong so cho khung phang can tao ra.

Trang 113
- Number of Stories (So tang): 6 Story Height (Chieu cao 1 tang): 4
- Number of Bays (So nhp): 4 Span Length (Chieu dai 1 nhp): 8
Do chieu cao cua cac tang va chieu rong cua cac nhp khong bang nhau nen
chon phng an xay dng mo hnh t cac ng li.

x1 -16 -14
x2 -8 -8
x3 0 0
x4 8 8
x5 16 14
Trang 114
ieu chnh d lieu cac ng li theo phng Z:
z1 0 -1
z2 4 4
z3 8 8
z4 12 12
z5 16 16
z6 20 20
z7 24 24
ong hop thoai 2D Frames, luc nay tren man hnh hien ra s o khung
phang.
- Chon cac phan t dam va cot can xoa bo, bam phm Delete tren ban phm.
2.1.3. Hieu chnh va gan lien ket
Chon 5 nut chan cot can hieu chnh lien ket.

Nhap chon vao bieu tng lien ket ngam.
Define > Material
Trang 115


Trang 116


Dam co tiet dien ch nhat 0.25x0.5m, 0.25x0.6m, 0.25x0.7m.
Cot co tiet dien ch nhat 0.25x0.3m, 0.25x0.4m, 0.3x0.5m, 0.3x0.6m
V vay can phai tien hanh khai bao 7 lan cho 7 tiet dien o.
Trang 117
Trc het khai bao tiet dien dam 0.25x0.5m t hop thoai Rectangular
Section

Tiep tuc khai bao tiet dien dam 0.25x0.60m tng t nh khai bao tiet dien
lai xuat hien
Trang 118
Properties.
Khai bao tiet dien dam D25x70 nh tiet dien dam D25x50.
Tiep theo khai bao tiet dien cot 0.25x0.3m, click vao Add New Property
Hop thoai Rectangular Section lai xuat hien lan na
- Section name: Ten tiet dien, C25x30.
Chon vao nut Concrete Reinforcement e chon cot BTCT (column). Chon
Khai bao tiet dien cot C25x40, C30x50, C30x60 nh tiet dien cot C25x30.
* Chon cac phan t can gan tiet dien D25x50 (4 phan t dam mai).

Trang 119
* Chon 2x3=6phan t can gan tiet dien D25x60 (2x3 phan t dam lau 3, 4, 5).
* Chon 6 phan t can gan tiet dien D25x70.
* Chon 4 phan t can gan tiet dien C25x30 (4 phan t cot bien 2 tang tren
cung).
* Chon 10 phan t can gan tiet dien C25x40.
Define > Load Cases
Trang 120

Tiep tuc khai bao trng hp tai trong ngang (gio trai)
- Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, GIOTRAI.
- Type: Loai tai trong, WIND.
Add New Load : Them trng hp tai trong GIOTRAI.
Chon OK e ong hop thoai Defind Loads
2.3.2.1. Gan tai cho TINHTAI
* Gan tnh tai cho 4 phan t dam lau 1: Lc phan bo eu tren phan t
q=2000kg/m.
- Chon 4 phan t dam lau 1
Trang 121

Distance 0 0 0 0
Load 0 0 0 0
* Gan tai cho 4 + 2x3 = 10 phan t dam lau 2, 3, 4, 5: Lc phan bo eu q =
1600kg/m.
- Chon 4 + 2x3 = 10 phan t dam lau 2, 3, 4, 5
Trang 122

Distance 0 0 0 0
Load 0 0 0 0
* Gan tai cho 2 phan t dam mai: Lc phan bo eu q = 1200kg/m.
- Chon 2 phan t dam mai
Trang 123

Distance 0 0 0 0
Load 0 0 0 0
2.3.2.2. Gan tai cho GIOTRAI
* Gan gio trai cho 2 phan t cot bien trai tang 1, 2: Lc phan bo eu tren
phan t q=280kg/m theo phng +x.
- Chon 2 phan t cot bien trai tang 1, 2
Trang 124

Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) GIOTRAI
Forces, Coord Sys GLOBAL, Direction X.
Distance 0 0 0 0
Load 0 0 0 0
* Gan tai gio trai cho phan t cot bien trai tang 3: Lc phan bo eu q =
320kg/m theo phng +x.
- Chon phan t cot bien trai tang 3
Trang 125

Distance 0 0 0 0
Load 0 0 0 0
* Gan tai gio trai cho cac phan t cot bien trai tang 4, 5, 6 co lc phan bo
eu q = 360kg/m, q = 400kg/m, q = 440kg/m tng t nh phan t cot bien
trai tang 3.
* Gan gio trai cho 2 phan t cot bien phai tang 1, 2: Lc phan bo eu tren
phan t q=210kg/m theo phng +x.
- Chon 2 phan t cot bien phai tang 1, 2
Trang 126

Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) GIOTRAI
Distance 0 0 0 0
Load 0 0 0 0
* Gan tai gio trai cho cac phan t cot bien phai tang 3, 4, 5, 6 co lc phan
bo eu q = 240kg/m, q = 270kg/m, q = 300kg/m q = 330kg/m tng t nh 2
phan t cot bien phai tang 2.
Khi phan tch noi lc ket cau co nhieu trng hp tai trong oc lap khac
nhau cung tac ong len ket cau th can phai tien hanh ket hp cac trng tai
trong co the ong thi xay ra theo xu hng tang noi lc ket cau, qua trnh
nay c goi la to hp tai trong.
Thc hien to hp tai trong trong SAP2000 nh sau
Trang 127

Sau khi click vao Add New Combo e them mot trng hp to hp

- Response Combination Name: at ten cho trng hp to hp, COMB1
- Combination Type: Loai to hp. Linear Add = Cong tac dung.
- Case Name: Chon trng hp tai trong TINHTAI
- Scale Factor: He so to hp cua trng hp tai trong TINHTAI la 1.
- Add : Them trng hp tai trong TINHTAI vao to hp.
Tiep tuc chon GIOTRAI co he so to hp 1 va chon Add
Trang 128
2.5. Giai bai toan
2.5.1 Chon bac t do
Xuat hien hop thoai Analysis Options

2.5.3 Lu bai toan
File > Save as
2.5.4 Giai bai toan
2.6. X ly ket qua
Xuat hien hop thoai Deformed Shape
Chon trng hp tai trong hoac trng hp to hp can xem chuyen v
Chon OK e ong hop thoai
Tren man hnh se the hien s o bien dang cua khung.
Trang 129

File > Print Tables
* File Excel:
- Kiem tra n v.
Trang 130
Define > Material
Define > Load Cases
hieu chnh phan o.

Trang 131
Chng 4
KET CAU CAU THANG - DAN PHANG
1 CAU THANG DANG BAN 2 VE & 3 VE
e bai 1:

- S o tnh: Ve 1 (nhp 3-2m, cao tang 1.8m)

3 2

- Vat lieu: BTCT#250 co W = 2500 kg/m
3
, E=2.65x10
9
kg/m
2
, = 0.2.
- Tiet dien: ch nhat bxh = 100x12cm.
- Tai trong: Lc phan bo eu tren ban nghieng va ban chieu ngh
Trang 132
1.1.1 Chon n v
Chon n v kgf-m-C.
File > New Model

Chon s o 1.2 (hang 1 cot 2) Grid Only (Ch
tao li).
So ng li theo X 3
So ng li theo Y 1
So ng li theo Z 2
Khoang cach li theo X 3
Khoang cach li theo Y 1
Khoang cach li theo Z 1.8
Do chieu rong cua cac nhp khong bang nhau
nen can hieu chnh khoang cach cac ng
li.
click vao nut vao Edit Grid e m hop
thoai khai bao d lieu cac ng li nh v.
Trang 133

x1 -3 0
x2 0 3
x3 3 5
- Nhap OK e ong hop thoai khai bao li nh v, luc nay tren man hnh
hien ra s o li can tao.
-Ve mi 2 phan t Frame
Draw > Draw Frame => lan lt
click vao cac iem nut 1, 2, 3 e
ve ban nghieng va ban chieu ngh
cau thang.

- Chon nut chan cau thang (nut 1) > Gan lien ket goi co nh.
Trang 134

Nhap chon vao bieu tng lien ket goi co nh (bieu tng th 2 t trai
sang).
- Chon nut bien phai cua ban chieu ngh (nut 3) > Gan lien ket goi di
ong.
Define > Material

Trang 135


Trang 136


Trang 137
Khai bao tiet dien ch nhat 1x0.12m t hop thoai Rectangular Section
- Section name: Ten tiet dien, S1000x120.
- Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v la m, 1
* Chon 2 phan t Frame
Chon ten tiet dien S1000x120 e gan cho cac phan t a chon.
1.3. Tai trong
Define > Load Cases

- Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, TAITRONG.
- Type: Loai tai trong, OTHER.
Modify Load : Hieu chnh trng hp tai ang chon DEAD thanh
TAITRONG.
Trang 138
- Chon phan t 1(ban nghieng)-> gan tai phan bo eu q=1140kg/m.
Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon Loads > Distributed

Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TAITRONG
Distance 0 0 0 0
Load 0 0 0 0
- Chon phan t 2(ban chieu ngh)-> gan tai phan bo eu q = 970kg/m.
1.3.3. Khai bao to hp tai trong
Khong thc hien v ch xet 1 trng hp tai trong (Tnh tai + Hoat tai)
1.4. Giai bai toan
1.4.1 Chon bac t do
Trang 139


1.4.3 Lu bai toan
File > Save as
1.4.4 Giai bai toan
Trang 140
1.5. X ly ket qua
So sanh ket qua
1.6 Tao them s o ve 2 va s o ban consol

Trang 141
- M khoa: Chon vao o khoa (Unlock) se xuat hien hop thoai

M khoa se xoa bo ket qua phan tch, ong y khong? chon OK.
1.6.1 Tao ve thang 2
- Copy oi xng ve thang 1 thanh ve thang 2.
Chon ve thang 1, Edit > Replicate Chon tab Mirror.
Chon Parallel to Y (Song song vi truc Y)
x1 = 0 z1 = 3
x2 = 1 z1 = 3

- Thay oi lien ket: Chon nut di cua ve thang 2 -> Gan goi co nh. Chon
nut tren ben phai cua ve thang 2 -> Gan goi di ong.
1.6.2 Tao s o ban consol
- Copy 1 phan t ban chieu ngh cua ve thang 2 thanh ban consol.
Chon phan t, Edit > Replicate Chon tab Linear.
Increments: dx = 0, dy = 0, dz = 2.4, Number n = 1.
Trang 142

- Thay oi lien ket: Chon nut tren ben phai cua ban thang mi tao -> Gan
lien ket ngam.
1.6.3 Giai lai bai toan va so sanh ket qua.
1.6.4 M khoa, copy ve thang 1 & ve thang 2 thanh 2 ban sao mi (Chon
ve 1 & ve 2, Edit > Replicate Chon tab Linear, Increments: dx = 7, dy =
0, dz = 0, Number n = 2), gan lien ket 2 au cua ve thang lan lt la lien
ket ngam va lien ket goi co nh. Giai lai bai toan va so sanh ket qua.
- Kiem tra n v.
Define > Material
Trang 143
Define > Load Cases
hieu chnh phan o.

Trang 144
2 DAN PHANG
Phan t thanh dan theo ly thuyet la phan t ch xuat hien duy nhat mot
loai noi lc, o la lc doc truc Nz. e co duy nhat Nz th lien ket 2 au cua
bat ky phan t thanh dan nao cung la lien ket khp va cac au thanh qui tu
tai nut, ch co lc tap trung tac dung tai cac nut, khong co bat ky lc nao tac
dung tren thanh (ke ca trong lng ban than).
Thc te rat kho thc hien c lien ket 2 au la khp va cac phan t
luon co trong lng ban than nen cac gia thiet cho bai toan dan la khong
chnh xac. Tuy nhien anh hng cua noi lc Nz la ln hn cac noi lc con lai
rat nhieu va e n gian trong giai tay ngi ta van thng tnh toan thiet ke
dan ch chu lc doc. Nhng a giai bang phan mem th nen xay dng s o
cang gan vi thc te cang tot.
Co the xay dng s o dan bat ky trong SAP2000, e xay dng nhanh
chong mot so loai dan thong dung, SAP2000 a co san 3 loai ket cau mau ve
dan nh sau:
Sloped Truss: Dan co thanh xien.
Vertical Truss: Dan co thanh ng va co the co giang xien.
Pratt Truss: Dan mai nghieng.

Trang 145

Trang 146
e bai 2:
- S o tnh & Tai trong:

- Vat lieu: Thep co W = 7850 kg/m
3
, E=2.1x10
10
kg/m
2
, = 0.3.
- Tiet dien: Thep goc 2L100x10, 2L63x5, 2L50x4
2.1.1 Chon n v
Chon n v Ton-m-C.
File > New Model

Trang 147
Chon s o 1.4 (hang 1 cot 4) 2D Trusses (Dan phang).
Chon Pratt Truss, chon Parametric Definition e xem hnh ve cac thong so
can nhap: L1, N1, L2, N2, H1, H2, H3.

Nhap: L1 = 12, N1 = 4, L2 = 12, N2 = 4, H1 = 0, H2 = 3, H3 = 0. Chon OK.
Khong thc hien.
Trang 148
Define > Material

Vat lieu la Thep nen chon STEEL va click vao Modify/Show Material

Volumn =7.85, E = Modulus of Elasticity = 2.1e7, = Poissons Ratio =0.3),
Trang 149

cac tiet dien co the khai bao trong SAP2000, e khai bao tiet dien 2L chon
Add Double Angle
Sau khi click chon Add Double Angle, e tao mi mot tiet dien 2L th click
vao nut Add New Property

Trang 150

- Section name: Ten tiet dien, 2L100x10.
- Material: Chon ten cua vat lieu cho tiet dien ang khai bao, STEEL.
- Outside Depth (t3): Chieu cao tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.1
- Outside Width (t2): Be rong tiet dien theo n v la m, 0.208
- Horizontal leg thickness (tf): Be day chan tiet dien theo phng ngang, 0.01
- Vertical leg thickness (tw): Be day chan tiet dien theo phng ng, 0.01
- Back to back distance (dis): Khoang h gia 2 thep goc, 0.008
Chon OK e ong hop thoai Double Angle Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame
Properties, chon 2L100x10 va chon Add copy of Property e tao them
tiet dien 2L63x5.
Trang 151

Chon 2L63x5 va chon Add copy of Property e tao them tiet dien 2L50x4.

Chon OK e ong hop thoai Double Angle Section, tr ve hop thoai Frame
Trang 152
* Chon cac phan t thanh canh di
Chon ten tiet dien 2L100x10 e gan cho cac phan t a chon.
* Chon cac phan t thanh canh tren
* Chon cac phan t thanh ng va thanh xien
2.3. Tai trong
Define > Load Cases

- Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, TAITRONG.
- Type: Loai tai trong, OTHER.
Modify Load : Hieu chnh trng hp tai ang chon DEAD thanh
TAITRONG.
Trang 153
- Chon cac nut co lc tap trung -> gan lc tap trung P = 1Ton.

Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) TAITRONG
Force GlobalX: 0
Force GlobalY: 0
Force GlobalZ: -1
2.3.3. Khai bao to hp tai trong
Khong thc hien v ch xet 1 trng hp tai trong.
2.4. Giai bai toan
2.4.1 Chon bac t do
Trang 154

Chon vao bieu tng khung phang (Plane Frame XZ Plane). Bo dau chon
RY (ch co 2 dau chon UX va UZ).

2.4.3 Lu bai toan
File > Save as
2.4.4 Giai bai toan
Trang 155
2.5. X ly ket qua
Ghi chu:
- e co lien ket khp tai cac cac au mut cua cac phan t thanh dan: Chon
cac phan t -> Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Releases/Partial Fixity
Chon giai phong mo men M33 tai 2 au thanh dan

- e bo qua trong lng ban than cua cac phan t thanh dan: Khi khai bao
trng hp tai, nhap he so trong lng ban than (Self Weight Multiplier) = 0

Trang 156
Chng 5
KET CAU TAM SAN
1 SAN N
- S o tnh: San co 4 bien ngam, 4 bien lien ket khp, 4 bien co dam.

- Vat lieu: BTCT#200.
- Tiet dien: san 4x5m, day 100mm.
- Tai trong: Lc phan bo eu tren ban san gom tnh tai g =375 kg/m
2
(g
ct
100; g
bt
= 275) va hoat tai p = 200*1.2 = 240 kg/m
2
.
1.1.1. Chon n v
Chon n v kgf-m-C.
File > New Model => Chon s o 1.2 (hang 1
cot 2) Grid Only (Ch tao li).
Sau khi chon bieu tng Grid Only trong
hop thoai New Model, se xuat hien hop thoai
cho phep nh cac thong so cho he li can
tao ra.
So ng li theo X 2
So ng li theo Y 2
So ng li theo Z 1
Trang 157
Khoang cach li theo X 4
Khoang cach li theo Y 5
Khoang cach li theo Z 1
- Nhap OK e ong hop thoai khai bao li nh v, luc nay tren man hnh
hien ra s o li can tao.
- Ve phan t san (shell):Draw > Draw Rectangular Section

Tren mat phang XY, Z=0, click vao nut 1 va nut 3 tren ng cheo -> c
tam san
- Lien ket: Cha gan lien ket v ch co 4 nut, se gan lien ket sau khi chia nho
o san e co nhieu nut bien -> gan ngam.
Define > Material

Trang 158

Define > Area Sections (khai bao tiet dien phan t shell - tam)
Hop thoai Area Sections xuat hien

Chon ASEC1 -> Modify/Show Section
Trang 159

Section Name (Ten tiet dien): S100
Thickness (Be day): Membrance (keo nen): 0.1, Bending (uon) : 0.1
1.2.3 Gan tiet dien
Chon phan t Shell, vao menu Assign > Area > Area Sections (gan tiet
dien phan t shell - tam)
Chon tiet dien S100 chon 0K.
Define > Load Cases
Trang 160

- Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, DEAD.
- Self Weight Multiplier: (He so trong lng ban than) 0. Modify Load
- Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, LIVE.
- Type: Loai tai trong, LIVE.
- Self Weight Multiplier: (He so trong lng ban than) 0. Aad New Load
- Chon tam:
Assign > Area Loads > Uniform (Shell)

Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) DEAD
Load (Gia tr tai): 375
Coord Sys (He toa o gan tai): chon GLOBAL.
Direction (Hng tac dung cua taitrong): chon Gravity.
Chon OK -> gan xong tnh tai.
Chon lai tam: Assign > Area Loads > Uniform (Shell)
Trang 161

Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) LIVE
Load (Gia tr tai):240
Chon OK -> gan xong hoat tai.
1.3.3 Khai bao to hp tai trong
(Ket hp tnh tai DEAD va hoat tai LIVE)
Define > Combination

=> Chon Add New Combo
Trang 162

- Response Combination Name: (Ten cho trng hp to hp) COMB1
- Combination Type: (Loai to hp) Linear Add (Cong tac dung).
- Case Name: (Trng hp tai trong) DEAD
- Scale Factor: (He so to hp) 1.
- Add : Them trng hp tai trong TINHTAI vao to hp COMB1.
Tiep tuc chon Live co he so to hp 1 va chon Add , OK.
1.4. Giai bai toan
1.4.1 Chia nho o san va gan lien ket bien:
- Chon all, vao menu Edit > Mesh Area

Mesh into (Chia nh o san theo phng truc a phng so 1): 8
By (Chia nh o san theo phng truc a phng so 2): 10, OK
Trang 163
- Chon cac nut tren bien Gan lien ket ngam cho cac nut tren bien phan t
shell.
1.4.2 Chon bac t do: khong can chon v bai toan lam viec khong gian.
1.4.3 Lu bai toan
File > Save as => ng dan + ten file.
1.4.4 Giai bai toan
Chon Run Now, ch may chay -> ANALYZE COMPLETE, chon OK.
1.5. X ly ket qua
Bieu o M
11
va M
22

Display > Show Force/ Stresses > Shell
Chon COMB1
Chon M
11
hoac M
22

=> Re con tro tren hnh bieu o e hien th gia tr momen
=> Click nut phai chuot tren Shell e xem noi lc cho mot Shell.
1.6. Tao them san mi vi mat o chia mn phan t hn (16x20)
- Unlock: M khoa e sa cha -> Xoa ket qua? OK
- Copy thanh 1 san 4x5m mi cach san ang co x = 6.
Chon all, vao menu Edit > Replicate
=> chon Linear , dx = 6, dy = 0, dz = 0, n = 1.
- Chia nho o san 4x5 thanh 16x20 phan t Shell
Chon o san mi tao ra , vao menu Edit > Mesh Area
Mesh into 2 Chia nho hn san ang co 2 lan: 8x10 thanh 16x20
By 2
- Chon cac nut tren 4 bien cua o san mi Gan lien ket bien ngam.
Trang 164
- Giai bai toan -> xem ket qua -> so sanh.
- Kiem tra n v.
Define > Material
Define > Frame Sections Chon Modify/Show Property
Define > Load Cases
hieu chnh phan o.
Trang 165
1.8. Tao them o san co 4 bien lien ket khp
- M khoa (Unlock).
- Chon o san au tien, vao menu Edit > Replicate
chon Linear , dx = 12, dy = 0, dz = 0, n = 1. OK.
- Chon cac nut tren 4 bien cua o san mi Gan lien ket bien goi co nh.
- Giai bai toan xem ket qua so sanh.

1.9. Tao them o san co 4 bien lien ket vi dam
Yeu cau: San chia nho 8x10 co 4 bien dam lan lt co tiet dien 200x200,
200x300, , 200x1000mm.
- M khoa (Unlock).
- Chon o san au tien, vao menu Edit > Replicate

Trang 166
- Chon cac nut tren 4 bien cua o san mi Gan lien ket bien t do.
- Ve them 4 phan t dam (Frame) tren 4 bien cua o san mi tao ra.
Draw > Draw Frame/Cable/Tendon

Lan lt click tren cac nh goc cua san e ve dam.
- Khai bao cac tiet dien dam: Define > Frame Section
Add Rectangular D200x200, CONC, t3 = 0.2, t2 = 0.2.
Add Copy of Property D200x300, CONC, t3 = 0.3, t2 = 0.2.
Add Copy of Property D200x1000, CONC, t3 = 1, t2 = 0.2.
- Chon 4 dam bien mi ve Gan tiet dien D200x200
Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Frame Section
- Chon 4 nh goc cua o san Gan lien ket ngam.
- Copy o san co bien dam D200x200 ra them 4 o san mi cach nhau theo
phng x 6m: Chon o san, vao menu Edit > Replicate

- Gan tiet dien dam tng ng.
Trang 167
- Giai bai toan xem ket qua so sanh.
Ghi chu:
- Trong lng ban than tam san nen e SAP t tnh, ch nhap vao phan tnh
tai do cac lp cau tao hoan thien cua san (gach lat nen, va lot, va to trat
tran g
ct
100 kg/m
2
).
- T SAP2000 ver9.03 a co che o t ong chia nho o san, nen chon cach
chia nay e giam so phan t shell Tang nhanh toc o giai, de sa cha, de
quan ly ket qua
Chon shell can gan che o t ong chia nho san, vao menu Assign > Area >
Automatic Area Mesh

Trang 168
Trang 169
Chng 6
KET CAU KHUNG SAN KHONG GIAN
S o he ket cau chu lc khung khong gian lam viec ong thi vi san
la s o tnh khung va san cho ket qua gan sat vi s lam viec that cua ket
cau.
Neu giai bang tay theo cac phng phap c hoc ket cau e tm noi lc
cho he khung san th khong the thc hien noi, nen ngi ta thng co gang
a ve bai toan phang e de dang giai quyet hn.
Tuy nhien, vi s ho tr cua may tnh th viec giai noi lc he khung san
lam viec ong thi khong con qua kho khan na.
Phan mem SAP2000 co the giai c bat c he chu lc khong gian nao,
e nhanh chong xay dng mo hnh khung 3D, SAP2000 a tao san th vien
phan t mau cac dang khung 3D thng gap trong thc te, sau ay la 4 loai
khung 3D co san trong SAP2000.
- Open Frame Building: Khung 3D khong san
- Perimeter Frame Building: Khung 3D co san va dam quanh chu vi san.
- Beam - Slab Building: Khung 3D co san va dam chia o san theo li.
- Flat Plate Building: Khung 3D co san phang (khong dam).
Tao mo hnh mi: File > New Model

Trang 170
Chon s o 2.1 (hang 2 cot 1) 3D Frames (Khung khong gian).

Trang 171

Trang 172
1 KHUNG SAN 3D NHA PHO 5 TANG
- S o tnh: Khung san 3D cho nha pho 5 tang. MB 4x15m, cao tang
5x3.6m = 18m, nh mai ngoi 19.5m, ban cong trc 1x4m, ban cong sau
1.2x4m. Khung ngam tai mat tren cua mong cach mat nen -1m.
- Vat lieu: BTCT#200.
- Tiet dien: san day 80mm. a kieng & Dam 200x300mm, Cot bien
tang 1-> 5: 200x200mm, cot gia tang 1 -> 2: 250x250, tang 3 -> 5:
200x200mm.

Trang 173

- Tai trong: Lc phan bo eu tren ban san gom tnh tai san g
ct
100
kg/m
2
va hoat tai san p = 150*1.3 = 195 kg/m
2
. Tng gach 100mm xay bao
che xung quanh nha g
t
= 180*(3.6-0.3) 600 kg/m, 180*1.5*5/8 170 kg/m
tren dam mai. Mai ngoi co g
m
= p
m
= 100*2 200 kg/m tren dam nghieng.

Trang 174
1.1.1. Chon n v Chon n v kgf-m-C.
1.1.2. Tao mo hnh mi File > New Model

Chon s o 2.1 (hang 2 cot 1) 3D Frames (Khung khong gian).
Sau khi chon bieu tng 3D Frames trong hop thoai New Model, se xuat
hien hop thoai cho phep nh cac thong so cho he khong gian can tao ra.

Trang 175
- 3D Frame Type (Loai khung 3D): Chon Beam Slab Building
- Number of Stories (So tang): 5 Story Height (Chieu cao 1 tang): 3.6
- Number of Bays, X (So nhp x): 3 Bay Width, X (Chieu dai 1 nhp x): 5
- Number of Bays, Y (So nhp y): 1 Bay Width, Y (Chieu dai 1 nhp y): 4
Do chieu cao cua cac tang au tien =3.6+1 = 4.6m khong bang cac tang ben
tren nen chon phng an xay dng mo hnh t cac ng li.

Sa z1 = 0 thanh z1 = -1 (v tr chan khung).
- Nhap OK e ong hop thoai khai bao li nh v, nhap OK e ong hop
thoai 3D Frame, luc nay tren man hnh hien ra s o he khong gian khung
san can tao.
- Hien th: ca so trai 3D, ca so phai 2D XY, Z = -1, nut tren thanh
cong cu dung e chuyen oi tang giam mat phang li.
Trang 176
1.1.3. Hieu chnh va hoan thien mo hnh
- Gan ngam chan cot: Chon cac nut chan cot (mp XY, Z = -1) Assign >
Joints > Restrains Chon lien ket ngam, OK.
- Copy san lau 1 xuong di 3.6m e lam a kieng:
Di chuyen len mp xy, z = 3.6, chon cac dam lau 1, vao menu Edit >
Replicate
chon Linear , dx = 0, dy = 0, dz = -3.6, n = 1. OK.
- Tao them mot mat li z0 = 0 (e xem c mat bang a kieng):
Nhap up vao 1 ng li bat ky m ra hop thoai khai bao li, chon 1
dong ngang cua 1 ng li bat ky (gia s chon ng z6 = 18) Bam to
hp phm Ctrl+C = copy, chon o au tien ben di z6 Bam to hp phm
Ctrl+V = paste, sa z6 = 18 thanh z0 = 0, OK.
- Tao ban cong trc 1m:
mp xy, z = 3.6, chon dam bien trai (x=-7.5) cua lau 1, vao menu Edit >
Replicate
chon Linear , dx = -1, dy = 0, dz = 0, n = 1. OK.
Ve them 2 consol noi dam va tao vi dam doc nha.
Ve them san ban cong trc: Draw > Rectangular Area chon 2 iem tren
ng cheo cua san can tao.
- Tao ban cong sau 1.2m:
mp xy, z = 3.6, chon dam bien phai (x=7.5) cua lau 1, vao menu Edit >
Replicate
chon Linear , dx = 1.2, dy = 0, dz = 0, n = 1. OK.
Ve them 2 consol noi dam va tao vi dam doc nha.
Ve them san ban cong sau: Draw > Rectangular Area chon 2 iem tren
ng cheo cua san can tao.
- Tao ban cong trc va ban cong sau cho cac tang lau 2, 3, 4, mai.
mp xy, z = 3.6, chon dam & san cua ban cong trc va ban cong sau cua lau
1, vao menu Edit > Replicate
chon Linear , dx = 0, dy = 0, dz = 3.6, n = 4. OK.
- Tao lo cau thang cho san lau 1: mp xy, z = 3.6
Chon o san truc 2-3&A-B, bam phm Delete
Trang 177
Chon dam truc 2, vao menu Edit > Replicate
Chon dam truc A oan 2-3, vao menu Edit > Replicate
Ve lai 2 o san nho 2x4m va 3x2m (cha lo cau thang 3x2m)
Draw > Draw Rectangular Section

click vao cac nut tren ng cheo cac o san can ve -> c tam san
Chia oi 2 dam phu gia san: Chon 2 dam phu, vao menu Edit > Divide
Frames

chon Break at intersections with selected Frames and Joints.
Xoa bo oan dam tha 2m.
- Tao lo cau thang cho san lau 2 -> 4:
+ Xoa cac o san truc 2-3&A-B cua cac san lau 2 -> 4: Chon o san truc 2-
3&A-B cua cac san lau 2 -> 4 (mp xy, z = 7.2, 10.8, 14.4), bam phm Delete.
+ mp xy, z = 3.6, chon dam va san khu vc cau thang lau 1, vao menu Edit >
Replicate
chon Linear , dx = 0, dy = 0, dz = 3.6, n = 3. OK.
- Xoa bo 3 o san mai 4x5m.
- Tao phan mai nghieng: mp xz, y=-2, them li z7 = 19.5, x0 = 0, Ve cac
dam xien, ve them phan cot noi vi dam xien. Chon phan mai nghieng va
tao Edit > Replicate dy = 4, n = 1 e c phan mai nghieng ben kia
(y=2), ve phan t dam noi nh 2 phan mai.
Trang 178
Define > Material


Trang 179
- Khai bao cac tiet dien dam: Define > Frame Section
Add Rectangular D200x300, CONC, t3 = 0.3, t2 = 0.2.
Add Copy of Property C200x200, CONC, t3 = 0.2, t2 = 0.2.
Add Copy of Property C250x250, CONC, t3 = 0.25, t2 = 0.25.
- Khai bao cac tiet dien san: Define > Area Sections

Chon ASEC1 -> Modify/Show Section
Section Name (Ten tiet dien): S80
Thickness (Be day): Membrance: 0.08, Bending: 0.08
1.2.3 Gan tiet dien
- Tiet dien dam cot (phan t Frame):
Chon tat ca a kieng va dam, Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Frame
Section Gan tiet dien D200x300
Chon tat ca cot bien va cot gia tang 3 -> 5, Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon
> Frame Section Gan tiet dien C200x200
Chon tat ca cot gia tang 1 -> 2, Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Frame
Section Gan tiet dien C250x250.
- Tiet dien san: Chon tat ca phan t Shell (all), vao menu Assign > Area >
Area Sections (gan tiet dien phan t shell - tam)
Hop thoai Area Sections xuat hien, chon tiet dien S80 chon 0K.
Trang 180
Define > Load Cases Hop thoai Define Loads xuat hien
- Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, DEAD.
- Self Weight Multiplier: (He so trong lng ban than) 1.1. Modify Load
- Load name: Nhap ten cua trng hp tai trong, LIVE.
- Type: Loai tai trong, LIVE.
- Self Weight Multiplier: (He so trong lng ban than) 0. Aad New Load

- Tnh tai tren dam:
Chon cac dam bao quanh nha (co tng 100mm) Gan g
t
= 600
Chon 2 dam doc tren mai +18m (co tng 100mm cao 1.5) Gan g
t
= 170
Chon 4 dam nghieng theo mai (co tai mai ngoi) Gan g
m
= 200
- Tnh tai tren cac san:
Chon tat ca phan t shell, Assign > Area Loads > Uniform (Shell)
Trang 181

Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) DEAD
Load (Gia tr tai): 100
Chon OK -> gan xong tnh tai san.
- Hoat tai tren cac san:
Chon lai cac phan t shell, Assign > Area Loads > Uniform (Shell)

Load Case Name: (chon trng hp tai can gan tai vao) LIVE
Load (Gia tr tai):195
Chon OK -> gan xong hoat tai san.
1.3.3 Khai bao to hp tai trong
(Ket hp tnh tai DEAD va hoat tai LIVE)
Trang 182
Define > Combination
=> Chon Add New Combo
COMB1 = Dead*1 + Live*1

1.4. Giai bai toan
1.4.1 Chia nho o san:
- Chon all, vao menu Assign > Area > Automatic Area Mesh

1.4.2 Chon bac t do: khong can chon v bai toan lam viec khong gian.
Trang 183
1.4.3 Lu bai toan
File > Save as => ng dan + ten file.
1.4.4 Giai bai toan
Chon Run Now, ch may chay -> ANALYZE COMPLETE, chon OK.
1.5. X ly ket qua
- Noi lc khung (dam cot)
- Noi lc san
Bieu o M
11
va M
22
: Display > Show Force/ Stresses > Shell
Chon COMB1
Chon M
11
hoac M
22

=> Re con tro tren hnh bieu o e hien th gia tr momen
=> Click nut phai chuot tren Shell e xem noi lc cho mot Shell.
- Kiem tra n v.
Define > Material
Define > Frame Sections Chon Modify/Show Property
Trang 184
Define > Load Cases
hieu chnh phan o.

Doko - VN 154533 Tai Lieu Huong Dan Hoc SAP2000

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