Kien Thuc Su Dung Etabs v2

SM.
H VIT HNG
KIN THC S DNG
ETABS
Xut bn ln 1
H Ni - 2016
Kin thc s dng Etabs
LI M U
Khi ng trc cu hi: lm sao bit c kt qu ca Etabs l ng, ti suy ngh rng
mc chnh xc ca kt qu ph thuc vo chnh chng ta, v hiu bit v cch x s ca
chng ta i vi kt cu, v i vi Etabs.
Etabs l mt c my vn hnh u n, khng mt mi, khng nng gin, khng c l tr
ring, v khng thin v bt c ai. iu c ngha rng chnh chng ta s l ngi tc ng
ln Etabs, to ra kt qu, hnh thnh nn nhng ng n hay nhng sai lm ca kt qu .
Chnh v l , c c mt kt qu ng, hy chc chn rng chng ta xy dng c
mt m hnh ng, gn ti trng ng, thit lp nhng tham s ng.
Ti liu ny cha ng nhng kinh nghim ca tc gi trong qu trnh s dng Etabs, nhng
kin thc m tc gi cho rng ngi dng cn c vn hnh Etabs.
Ti liu ny c vit ch yu da vo phin bn Etabs 9.7.4
Trong qu trnh thc hnh, nu c cc vn vng mc, c gi c th tin hnh tho lun
ti din n KetcauSoft: http://www.ketcausoft.com/forum ; hoc xem thm cc thng tin v
s dng cc phn mm Etabs - SAP - SAFE ti y:
http://www.thuvien.ketcausoft.com/danh_muc.php?topicid=TSTC1210204101
Hy vng y s l mt ti liu hu ch cho ngi hc Etabs.
Ti liu ny c xut bn di dng file PDF ln u tin vo ngy 02/9/2014, c hiu
chnh - b sung ni dung v pht hnh di dng n phm giy vo ngy 01/6/2016
Tc gi
H Vit Hng
Cng ty TNHH Kt Cu WEFLY - http://wefly-str.com

KetcauSoft - Pht trin phn mm thit k kt cu Vit Nam - http://www.ketcausoft.com
H Vit Hng
Kin thc s dng Etabs
MC LC
PHN I. QUN L FILE ..................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Cc ng dn l khng du ting Vit ........................................................................ 4
1.2. Khng qun file $ET ................................................................................................... 4
1.3. Trnh li qun nh km file TXT cha ph phn ng dao ng ................................. 5
1.4. i n v mc nh .................................................................................................... 5
1.5. S dng cc khai bo vt liu v tit din t file c sn ............................................... 6
PHN II. XY DNG M HNH........................................................................................ 8
2.1. Ct hay Vch ............................................................................................................... 8
2.2. M hnh lanh t vch thang my .................................................................................. 9
2.3. Khai bo tit din sn .................................................................................................. 9
2.4. Khng v sn qu phc tp ..................................................................................... 10
2.5. t tn tit din sn theo ti trng.............................................................................. 11
2.6. Chia o phn t Shell................................................................................................. 12
2.7. Thay i cng ca cc cu kin ............................................................................ 14
2.8. Diaphragm ................................................................................................................. 15
2.9. Khc phc li khi khai bo Diaphragm ...................................................................... 17
2.10. n v ca khi lng ............................................................................................. 19
2.11. Khai bo Mass Source ............................................................................................. 19
2.12. Cch tnh khi lng tng ca Etabs ........................................................................ 20
2.13. t li tn cc phn t ............................................................................................. 21
2.14. Kim tra m hnh ..................................................................................................... 21
2.15. M hnh cu kin cong trong Etabs nh th no? ..................................................... 22
2.16. Gii phng lin kt .................................................................................................. 22
2.17. Ch v Offset i tng ...................................................................................... 23
PHN III. KHAI BO TI TRNG .................................................................................. 24
3.1. Ti trng tng .......................................................................................................... 24
3.2. Hot ti...................................................................................................................... 26
3.3. Ti trng ng t..................................................................................................... 26
3.4. Gn ti trng ngang thng qua Diaphragm................................................................. 29
3.5. T hp ti trng ......................................................................................................... 32
H Vit Hng
Kin thc s dng Etabs

PHN IV. PHN TCH NI LC ..................................................................................... 34
4.1. P-Delta ...................................................................................................................... 34
4.2. Axial Shortening........................................................................................................ 36
4.3. Khi lng tng , v tr tm khi lng v tm cng.................................................. 37
4.4. Chu k dao ng........................................................................................................ 39
4.5. Dng ca dao ng .................................................................................................... 40
4.6. Chuyn v ngang........................................................................................................ 42
4.7. Chuyn v lch tng ................................................................................................... 43
4.8. Nguyn nhn dn n kt qu chu k dao ng ca cng trnh qu ln...................... 44
PHN V. THIT K CT THP ....................................................................................... 46
5.1. Tnh ton v kim tra ................................................................................................. 46
5.2. Cn hiu gi tr din tch ct thp ct nh th no? .................................................... 47
5.3. Din tch ct thp ai ................................................................................................. 48
5.4. B sung loi ng knh ct thp .............................................................................. 49
5.5. K hiu O/S trong Etabs khi thit k ct thp c ngha g?...................................... 49
5.6. Lm trn kt qu tnh ton ......................................................................................... 50
5.7. ngha ca h s Pattern Live Load Factor............................................................... 50
PHN VI: CC NI DUNG KHC ................................................................................... 52
6.1. Tm cng, tm khi lng, tm hnh hc................................................................... 52
6.2. Khi lng tham gia dao ng v Khi lng hu hiu ............................................. 53
6.3. Chuyn ch hin th sang Style en trng .............................................................. 55
6.4. Xut d liu sang SAFE ............................................................................................ 56

H Vit Hng
Kin thc s dng Etabs
PHN I. QUN L FILE

1.1 Cc ng dn l khng du ting Vit
Mc d Unicode tr nn ph bin, nhng khng phi tt c cc phn mm u hot ng
tt i vi h ngn ng c du. Khi t tn th mc hoc tn file, ngi dng khng nn s
dng ting Vit c du (v d D:\Cng vic\Bi tp\Etabs\VD1.edb), v cc phn mm c kh
nng s b li khi lm vic vi cc k t c du.
1.2. Khng qun file $ET

n nay phn mm Etabs tri qua rt nhiu phin bn, mt rc ri khng th trnh khi l
Etabs phin bn thp hn khng th m file d liu chnh thc (EDB) c lu bi phin
bn cao hn. Tuy nhin, Etabs cng cung cp mt gii php n gin nhng t ai n.
Khi bn lu mt file mi, ngoi file d liu chun EDB, Etabs s t pht sinh mt file d liu
d phng l file $ET, y l file d liu dng TEXT, cha ton b thng tin c bn v m
hnh. File $ET c to ra vi mc ch cung cp quyn giao tip gia cc phn mm bn
ngoi vi phn mm Etabs. V d: bn c th t vit mt phn mm dng m hnh (nh
REVIT) v xut di dng file *.$ET t Etabs c th c v phn tch ni lc cho bn.
File $ET l file d liu c bn v do c th m c bng cc phin bn Etabs khc nhau
(cho d c xut ra bng phin bn Etabs no) thng qua chc nng Import ca Etabs.
Hnh 1.2. File $ET

Do khi gi file Etab, hy lu lun gi km file $ET m bo rng ngi nhn c th
m file d cho h s dng phin bn no ca Etabs.

H Vit Hng
Kin thc s dng Etabs
1.3. Trnh li qun nh km file TXT cha ph phn ng dao ng

Phng php ph bin tnh ton ti trng ng t trong Etabs hin nay l xc nh gi tr
ph dao ng, lu d liu di dng file c ui TXT, sau s dng cng c nhp gi tr
ph ca phn mm Etabs. V li ph bin khi s dng phng php ny l ngi dng
thng qun copy km file TXT khi chuyn file EDB sang th mc khc, hoc gi cho ngi
khc. Nguyn nhn l do Etabs cn c file ny mi lc phn tch ni lc.
Thc cht ngi dng c th khc phc vn ny mt cch n gin, v Etabs cng ng
thi cung cp chc nng cho php chuyn d liu t file TXT vo file EDB, t bn khng
cn lo ngi s qun copy file TXT na v lc ny d liu ph l mt phn ca file EDB.
Vic ny c th thc hin nay sau khi bn nhp file TXT vo Etabs, bng cch click Convert
to User Defined trong ca s Response Spectrum Function Definition
Hnh 1.3. Chc nng chuyn d liu t file TXT sang file EDB
Sau khi bn click vo nt lnh, d liu s c chuyn sang dng User Defined v tr thnh
mt phn ca file EDB.
1.4. i n v mc nh
Trong cc phin bn Etabs trc 2013, ch c mt n v mc nh duy nht c dng
xuyn sut trong qu trnh m hnh ha cng nh sau khi phn tch. Cc kt qu c hin
th di dng n v mc nh mi khi ngi dng phn tch m hnh. Do , nu ngi
dng khng la chn n v trc khi to mt file mi, th n v mc nh s l n v ban

H Vit Hng
Kin thc s dng Etabs

u m Etabs ch nh Kip.in . iu ny gy ra nhng phin toi khng h mong mun
trong qu trnh xy dng m hnh v c kt qu phn tch.
Hnh 1.4. Hp chn n v gc pha di bn phi ca giao din phn mm

thay i n v mc nh, ngi dng cn tin hnh tun theo cc bc:
S dng hp chn gc pha di bn phi chuyn sang n v mong mun
Click menu File > Export > Save Model as ETABS .e2k Text File xut m hnh
sang file khc c ui .e2k
To d n mi (b qua cc bc chn xy dng li ct)
Click menu File > Import > ETABS .e2k Text File nhp li m hnh t file .e2k
xut
File mi s c n v mc nh l n v m ngi dng la chn trc khi xut ra file
.e2k
1.5. S dng cc khai bo vt liu v tit din t file c sn

Trong Etabs, thay v khai bo t u tt c cc c trng ca cng trnh (khai bo v vt liu,
tiu chun thit k, trng hp ti trng, cc trng hp t hp, v cc loi tit din v.v..),
bn c th to s dng chc nng ca Etabs ly cc thng tin t file c sn, cch thc
thc hin nh sau.
Bc 1: Click vo menu File > New Model to mt file mi
Bc 2: Trong ca s New Model Initialization, click vo Choose .edb
Bc 3: Chn file Etabs c sn m bn mun ly cc thng tin v vt liu, tit din ...

H Vit Hng
Kin thc s dng Etabs
Bc 4: Tip tc thc hin cc khai bo v h trc ta , click OK khi hon thnh
Sau khi hon thnh cc bc trn, cc thit lp t file c sn c copy sang file mi ca
bn

H Vit Hng
Kin thc s dng Etabs
PHN II. XY DNG M HNH

2.1. Ct hay Vch
Vic cu kin c m hnh l Ct (phn t Frame) hay Vch (phn t Shell) nh hng
nhiu n kt qu phn tch ca Etabs, mc d kch thc tit din ca cu kin khng thay
i.
iu d dng nhn thy nht l ni lc ca dm lin kt vi cc cu kin ny. Hnh 2.1 l v
d cho thy gi tr ni lc trong cc dm (di mt iu kin ti trng) c gi tr khc nhau.
iu ny c gii thch l do nhp tnh ton ca dm trong 2 trng hp l khc nhau.
Hnh 2.1. Ni lc ca dm thay i thay i khi cu kin thng ng l Vch hoc Ct

Vic khai bo cu kin l ct hay vch cng lm thay i cng ca chng trong Etabs.
Bn cnh , chnh xc khi phn tch m hnh c phn t Shell ph thuc nhiu vo mc
chia nh ca phn t. Etabs cng c th cho ra kt qu k quc khi phn t Shell b chia
qu nh.
Do , vic m hnh phn t l Ct hay Vch cn c cn nhc, v da trn tiu ch nht
nh. Khi khng tm thy cn c chnh xc hn, c th s dng tiu ch c nu trong
TCXDVN 375:2006 (EC8), ti mc 5.1.2:
H Vit Hng
Kin thc s dng Etabs

Vch hay tng (Wall) l cu kin cc cu kin khc v c tit din vi t s [chiu rng /
b dy] lw/bw ln hn 4
2.2. M hnh lanh t vch thang my

Lanh t vch thang my l phn vch b tng pha trn l ca thang my, l cu kin ging
gia hai phn vch thng ng hai bn ca thang my. Etabs cung cp mt chc nng cho
php ngi dng m hnh ha lanh t thang my mt cch thun tin, l s dng phn t
Shell di dng Spandrel. S dng phn t Spandrel, ngi dng c th v lanh t thang my
trn mt bng ging nh v dm thng thng.
v phn t Spandrel, ngi dng s dng cng c Draw Walls (cng c v vch), tuy
nhin trong mc Type of Area i thnh Spandrel thay v Pier nh mc nh, v khai bo
thm gi tr Depth below (chiu cao lanh t), xem hnh 2.2.
Hnh 2.2. Thit lp thng s v lanh t vch thang my
2.3. Khai bo tit din sn

Hnh 2.3 l ca s xut hin khi chng ta khai bo tit din sn. y chng ta cn lu n
cc la chn trong 2 mc l Thickness v Type
Hnh 2.3. Khai bo tit din Sn

H Vit Hng
Kin thc s dng Etabs

Trong mc Thickness, ngi dng s khai bo chiu dy sn trong cc trng hp tnh ton:
Membrane: chiu dy m Etabs dng tnh ton trng lng ca sn.
Bending: chiu dy m Etabs dng tnh ton cng ca sn.
C mt s quan im v khai bo chiu dy Bending:
Quan im th nht cho rng chiu dy ny chnh l chiu cao lm vic ca ct thp
sn, thng ly bng chiu dy sn tr 2cm. Tuy nhin chng ta bit rng m hnh
phn tch ni lc c quy nh l m hnh n hi, cc cu kin dm v ct u c
khai bo v tnh ton vi tit din nguyn, do khng c l do g khin chng ta
phi khai bo chiu dy chng un ca sn gim i bng chiu cao lm vic ca ct
thp.
Quan im th hai cho rng chiu dy ny c s dng khi tnh ton sn lp ghp,
bng chiu dy ca lp b tng sau. Quan im ny c v hp l, v c th ni v
mt lin kt, ch phn b tng sau mi c coi l hon ton lm vic chung vi
cu kin khc.
Trong mc Type, ngi dng s khai bo cc c trng v cch thc lm vic ca sn:
Shell: sn lm vic vi y cng trong mt phng (chu ti trng thng ng) v
ngoi mt phng (chu ti trng ngang). Khi c khai bo kiu Shell, sn khng ch
phn phi truyn ti trng v dm m cn lm vic cng vi dm to thnh mt di
chu un truyn ti trng v ct.
Membrane: sn ch c cng trong mt phng, phn phi ti trng ngang ln cc cu
kin thng ng.
Plate: sn ch c cng ngoi mt phng, cng vi dm tham gia chu ti trng
thng ng, nhng khng c kh nng chu ti trng ngang.
Khi khai bo sn l Membrane, ton b ti trng thng ng s truyn ln dm, v t dm
truyn ln ct. Trong trng hp ny m men trong dm l ln nht.
Kiu Membrane khng ph hp vi cc kt cu nhp ln (sn c dm ph chia nh), kt cu
dm bt, hoc sn phng.
2.4. Khng v sn qu phc tp

Hnh 2.4 l thng bo li ca Etabs khi khng th phn phi ti trng.
Trong trng hp khng th phn phi ti trng, Etabs s hin th thng bo v cc i tng
v gi tr ti trng khng th phn phi (khng c a vo tnh ton) ngay sau khi chng ta
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Kin thc s dng Etabs

thc hin phn tch kt cu (Run Analysis), y l trng hp gy mt mt ti trng tc dng
ln cc cu kin (dm, ct, vch) v mng.
Hnh 2.4. Thng bo li ca Etabs khi khng th phn phi ti trng

ng ch l Etabs vn s phn tch m hnh v vn s cho ra kt qu khi ngi dng click
OK ng ca s thng bo trn. iu ny s khin cho kt qu phn tch b sai (thiu ti
trng) trong khi ngi dng khng bit iu .
Mt nguyn nhn ph bin gy nn li ny l do ngi dng m hnh (v) sn qu phc
tp (nhiu 5 cnh, t l cc cnh khng u v.v...).
Chng ta bit rng phng php phn t hu hn s dng cc cng thc c xy dng sn
cho cc sn 3 cnh v 4 cnh. Chnh v vy, phn phi ti trng t sn ln cc cu kin,
trc ht Etabs s s dng quy tc ngi dng thit lp (xem mc 2.6) v chia cc sn
phc tp thnh cc sn c bn 3 hoc 4 cnh, t tin hnh phn phi ti trng. Nhng
i vi cc sn phc tp, Etabs s khng chia o c sn v t khng th tin hnh
phn phi c ti trng ca sn.
Do , khi tin hnh v sn, ngi dng nn tun th mt s quy tc c bn:
Khng v sn qua phc tp (nhiu hn 5 cnh), nu c, hy v sao cho ti l gia cc
cnh khng qu ln.
Nn v sn trong phm vi li ct. iu ny m bo ti trng ca sn trong phm
vi li ct truyn ng ln cc cu kin . Trnh v sn bng qua nhiu li ct,
nhiu dm, khin Etabs c kh nng gp li khi chia sn.
2.5. t tn tit din sn theo ti trng

i vi cc cng trnh c quy m ln, vic t tn tit din mt cch hp l s h tr rt
nhiu cho qu trnh xy dng m hnh v gn ti trng.

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Kin thc s dng Etabs
Hnh 2.5. t tn tit din sn theo ti trng

Tn tit din sn ngoi vic mang thng tin v chiu dy sn, cp bn (nu c), nn b
sung thng tin v gi tr hot ti. Vi vic t tn tit din sn c km thng tin v gi tr hot
ti, v xy dng m hnh vi lu s dng ng loi tit din cho sn c chc nng tng
ng, th chng ta c th s dng chc nng chn phn t theo loi tit din (menu Select >
by Wall/ Slab/ Deck sections) chn mt loi sn theo gi tr hot ti trn ton b m
hnh, v t c th gn gi tr hot ti mt cch nhanh chng.
2.6. Chia o phn t Shell

T phin bn 9.0, Etabs cho php ngi dng thit lp chia o phn t Shell vi nhng quy
tc do ngi dng ch nh thay v phi chia tht cc phn t Shell nh cc phin bn trc.
Vic chia o cho phn t Shell c nh hng n qu trnh phn tch kt cu, nhng im
sau:
chnh xc ca kt qu phn tch ph thuc vo mc chia nh ca phn t. Theo
l thuyt ca phng php phn t hu hn, th mc chia cng nh th chnh xc
ca kt qu cng cao.
Thi gian phn tch t l thun vi chia nh, phn t c chia cng nh th thi
gian phn tch cng lu.
Qu trnh chia o ca c th b gp li i vi cc sn phc tp, v kch thc chia
o khng hp l (xem mc 2.4). Khi khng th chia o cc phn t, Etabs s khng
th phn phi ti trng v kt qu l lng ti trng trn cc phn t gp li s khng
c xt n khi phn tch kt cu (mt ti trng). Kch thc chia o hp l theo kinh
nghim ca tc gi l 1.5m (xem hnh 2.6.1)

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Kin thc s dng Etabs

chia o phn t Shell, ngi dng c th dng t hp phm Ctrl+A chn ton b m
hnh, v click menu Assign > Shell/ Area > Area Object Mesh Object, giao din nh hnh
2.6.1 s cho php ngi dng thit lp phng thc chia o cho phn t. Cc thit lp trong
hnh 2.6.1 l cc thit lp thng c s dng.
Hnh 2.6.1. Chia o phn t Shell

Trong hnh 2.6.1, mc Floor Meshing Options l cc thit lp dnh cho cu kin sn, mc
Ramp and Wall Meshing Options l cc thit lp dnh cho cu kin ramp dc (ng dc,
mi xin) v vch.
Cc thit lp Further Subdivide Auto Mesh with Maximum Size of (i vi sn) v Subdivide
Object into Elements with Maximum Size of (ramp v vch) c t bng 1.5m vi ngha
rng cc phn t c chia nh vi kch thc khng qu 1.5m.
Trong mc Ramp and Wall Meshing Options, khi tch vo ty chn Add
restrains/constrains on edge if corners have restrains/constrains th Etabs s t ng thm
vo cc lin kt ti cc im chia o i vi chn ca vch v cho ra kt qu phn lc ti cc
im chia o ny.
Hnh 2.6.2 cho thy kt qu trong trng hp s dng v khng s dng ty chn thm lin
kt ti cc im chia o.

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Kin thc s dng Etabs
(a) C s dng
(b) Khng s dng
Hnh 2.6.2. Phn lc chn vch trong cc trng hp c hoc khng s dng ty chn thm
lin kt ti cc im chia o
2.7. Thay i cng ca cc cu kin

cng ca cu kin b tng ct thp thng gim so vi gi tr ca tit din nguyn ban
u. Nguyn nhn l do di tc dng ca ti trng, khi ng sut ko vt qua cng chu
ko ca b tng th phn b tng nm trong vng chu ko s b nt. Chnh lc ny ct thp
pht huy kh nng chu ko ca n trong cu kin b tng ct thp. Tuy nhin vic tit din
b tng b nt cng khin cng ca cu kin b suy gim, v dn n cc yu t lin quan
cng b nh hng. V d chu k dao ng ca cng trnh tng ln, hoc cng gim cng
dn n bin dng v chuyn v ca cng trnh tng ln.
Tiu chun ca mt s nc trn th gii (v d ACI), cp n vic s dng h s suy
gim cng cho cc cu kin b tng ct thp, mi li cu kin c mc suy gim khc
nhau.
TCXDVN 375-2006 (nay l: TCVN 9386-2012) ti mc 4.3.1.(7) quy nh v vic s dng
h s suy gim cng 0.5 cho tt c cc cu kin.
Etabs cung cp cng c hiu chnh cc c trng ca tit din thng qua chc nng
Property Modifiers. C th iu chnh trc tip i vi tng loi tit din thng qua vic khai
bo tit din, chn mc Set Modifier. Hoc c th chn tng cu kin gn cc hiu chnh
tng ng bng cch s dng menu Assign > Frame/Line > Frame Property Modifiers hoc
Assign > Shell/Area > Shell Stiffness Modifiers
i vi cu kin Dm v Ct, nhp cc thng s hiu chnh trong mc: Moment of Inertia
about 2 axis v Moment of Inertia about 3 axis (hnh 2.7.1)
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Kin thc s dng Etabs
Hnh 2.7.1. Thay i cng ca phn t Frame

i vi Vch, nhp cc thng s hiu chnh trong thng s f22 (hnh 2.7.2)
Hnh 2.7.2. Thay i cng ca phn t Shell
2.8. Diaphragm
Diaphragm c s dng vi 2 mc ch:
Thit lp gi thit sn tuyt i cng (Rigid Diaphragm). Gi thit ny ng ngha vi
vic cc im trn cng mt mt bng (trong cng mt khi Diaphragm) s c cng
chuyn v ngang, gi thit ny s gim bt s bin trong tnh ton v gip Etabs thc
hin qu trnh phn tch nhanh hn.
Gn ti trng ngang ln mt im trn mt bng thng qua Diaphragm

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Kin thc s dng Etabs

Etabs cng s ch xut cc gi tr v khi lng tng v v tr tm khi lng khi ngi dng
thit lp Diaphragm cho cc mt bng v dng Rigid Diaphragm (hnh 2.8), dng Semi
Rigid s khng cho ra kt qu v khi lng.
khai bo Diaphragm, ngi dng c th chn 1 mt bng, 1 khi ca m hnh, hoc ton
b m hnh ph thuc vo tng iu kin c th, v s dng menu: Assign > Shell/ Area >
Diaphragms, sau chn Diaphragm c sn hoc thm Diaphragm mi gn.
Hnh 2.8. Loi Diaphragm

Ngi dng c th chn mt trong cc cch sau gn Diaphragm:
(PP1) Chn tng mt bng v gn chung 1 Diaphragm. Phng php ny c th p
dng cho mi trng hp, nhng nhc im mt thi gian chn tng mt bng.
(PP2) Chn tng mt bng v gn Diaphragm ring cho tng mt bng. Phng php
ny c th p dng cho mi trng hp, ngoi nhc im nh PP1 th phng php
ny cn c nhc im l s lng Diaphragm qu nhiu.
(PP3) Chn ton b m hnh v gn chung 1 Diaphragm. Phng php ny thng
gp li khi p dng cho nhng m hnh c cc cao trung gian gia tng (v d m
hnh c khai bo cu thang, l ca thang my v.v...). Etabs thng s thng bo li khi
phn tch m hnh: horizontal rigid diaphragm connection found between joints as
different elevation. (xem mc 2.9)
(PP4) Chn tng khi ca m hnh v gn ring cc Diaphragm cho mi khi. Phng
php ny p dng cho trng hp cng trnh c nhiu khi tch bit bi cc khe co
gin, hoc cng trnh c cc block c lp.
Ngoi ra, ngi dng cng c th khai bo Diaphragm bng cch chn cc point v click
menu Assign > Joint/Point > Diaphragms, lu v cch tnh ton khi lng ca Etabs
(xem mc 2.9)

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Kin thc s dng Etabs

Mt s lu khi gn Diaphragm:
Trong trng hp kt cu c dm chuyn, phn ti trng tc dng xung dm chuyn
cn phn phi thng qua dm chuyn di dng lc chng v lc cng. Lc khng
nn gn phn sn xung quanh dm chuyn thnh Diaphragm, v gi thit sn tuyt i
cng s lm trit tiu cc lc m chng ta cn xt n trong dm chuyn.
Trong trng hp nh c nhiu khi (block, hoc khe ln), nh trnh by trn,
khng nn gn chung 1 Diaphragm cho cc khi ny v c trng dao ng gia cc
khi c th khc nhau.
2.9. Khc phc li khi khai bo Diaphragm

Sau khi hon thin m hnh bao gm vic khai bo Diaphragm, v tin hnh phn tch kt
cu (Analyze), Etabs s hin th mt thng bo li thng hay gp trong vic khai bo
Diaphragm nh hnh 2.9.1.
Hnh 2.9.1. Thng bo li khai bo Diaphragm khi phn tch

ngha ca thng bo l trong Diaphragm c nhng im khng cng cao vi cc im
khc.
Cn thng nht quan im v Diaphragm trc khi tm cch khc phc li ny:
Vic gn Diaphragm (rigid diaphragm) l s dng gi thit sn tuyt i cng, cc
im trong cng 1 Diaphragm s c cng mt chuyn v ngang.
D cng trnh c t chung 1 Diaphragm, nhng phm vi p dng cho Diaphragm
l cho tng tng. Cc im trong cng 1 Diaphargm nhng 2 tng khc nhau th c
th c chuyn v ngang khc nhau.
C 2 nhm phn t trong Diaphragm. Nhm th nht l Points, nhm th hai l Shell.
Do c th gn Diaphragm bng 2 cch, l: (1) chn cc im v click Assign >
Joint/Point > Diaphragms; (2) chn cc tm sn v click Assign > Shell/Area >
Diaphragms.

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Nh cp trn, khi trong 1 tng, c cc im cao trung gian ca tng cng c
gn vo Diaphragm th Etabs s bo li nh hnh 2.9.1. Nh vy, khc phc thng bo li
trn, ngi dng c th thc hin bng cch loi b cc im trung gian gia cc tng ra
khi Diaphragm. Thng qua hai bc:
Bc 1: Loi b cc phn t Ramp ra khi Diaphragm. Chn rt c cc Ramp bng cch
click menu Select > by Area Object Type, trong ca s Select Area Object Type, chn
Ramp v click OK
Hnh 2.9.2. Chn ton b phn t Ramp trong m hnh

Tip tc click menu Assign > Shell/Area > Diaphragms (nu khng c phn t Ramp no
trong m hnh th menu ny ch n, khng cn thc hin tip bc ny m chuyn sang
bc 2), trong ca s Assign Diaphragm, chn NONE v click OK.
Hnh 2.9.3. Loi b phn t ra khi Diaphragm

Bc 2: Loi b cc Point ra khi Diaphragm. Chn ton b m hnh bng cch s dng t
hp phm Ctrl+A, sau click menu Assign > Joint/Point, trong ca s Assign Diaphragm,
chn NONE v click OK.
Bc 2 s loi b tt c cc point khng i km vi phn t Shell ra khi Diaphragm.
Sau khi thc hin 2 bc trn, nu khi phn tch m hnh m Etabs vn hin thng bo li
nh trn hnh 2.9.1, th nhiu kh nng trong m hnh c nhng phn t Shell nm ngang
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Kin thc s dng Etabs

(khng phi Ramp) cao trung gian gia cc tng. Trong trng hp , cn tm ra c
cc phn t ny v thc hin cc bc tng t nh trn g b chng ra khi Diaphragm.
2.10. n v ca khi lng

Khi lng M c th c tnh ton thng qua nh ngha bng cng thc: M = W/g, trong
W l trng lng v g l gia tc trng trng, gn ng ly g = 10m/s2.
C mt iu c bit l trong h n v c ca TCVN, th gi tr ca khi lng v ca trng
lng l tng ng nhau, v d vt c khi lng l 1t (1 tn) th s c trng tng l 1T
(1 tn lc). Bi thi quen ny nn nhiu ngi dng s bn khon v gi tr ca khi lng
trong Etabs. V d trong Etabs vi h n v T-m, trng lng ring ca b tng c khai
bo bng 2.5 trong khi khi lng ring c khai bo bng 0.25
Trong Etabs, khi lng v n v ca khi lng c tnh ton thng qu nh ngha. Nh
cp pha trn, khi lng c tnh bng M = W/g, do nu n v ca trng lng l
T, th n v ca khi lng l T.s2/m.
Cng trn nguyn tc , nu trng lng ring = 2.5 T/m3 th khi lng ring s bng m
= /g = 2.5/10 = 0.25 T.s2/m4.
2.11. Khai bo Mass Source

Mass Source (ngun khi lng) l cn c Etabs tnh ton khi lng cho cng trnh, t
s dng tnh ton cc c trng dao ng v ti trng ng t.
Ngi dng c th nh ngha Mass Source thng qua menu Define > Mass Source.
Hnh 2.11 l ca s Define Mass Source cho php ngi dng quy nh v cc xc nh khi
lng cho cng trnh.
Hnh 2.11. Khai bo Mass Source

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Trong mc Mass Definition, ngi dng xc lp cch tnh ton khi lng, bao gm cc la
chn:
From Self and Specified Mass: Tnh ton khi lng t bn thn kt cu v cc khi
lng gn thm. Ngi dng c th gn thm khi lng cho phn t bng cch s
dng menu Assign
From Loads: Tnh ton khi lng t cc ti trng, y l la chn ph bin nht.
Ngi dng s thit lp cc loi ti trng v h s tng ng trong mc Define Mass
Multiplier for Loads.
From Self and Specified Mass and Loads: Tnh ton khi lng t bn thn kt cu,
khi lng gn thm v ti trng.
Hnh 2.11 l v d v vic khai bo cch tnh ton khi lng bng la chn From Loads,
y l kiu la chn ph bin nht v hp l nht trong thc hnh tnh ton.
Tiu chun TCXD 229:1999 mc 3.2.4 quy nh v vic tnh ton khi lng dao ng bao
gm tnh ti v mt phn gi tr hot ti, trong thc hnh c th ly h s hot ti bng 0.5,
do trong hnh 2.11, danh sch ti trng c xut hin thnh phn HT vi h s Multiplier
bng 0.5
Sau khi phn tch dao ng, tnh ton c thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi, ngi dng c
th thay i gi tr ca Hot ti ph hp hn vi vic tnh ton ti trng ng t.
2.12. Cch tnh khi lng tng ca Etabs

Khi lng tng ch c tnh ton khi tng c gn Diaphragm, v khi lng ca tng
c xut ra bi Etabs chnh l khi lng ca Diaphragm.
Khi lng ca mt Diaphragm c xc nh da vo cc Point c trong Diaphragm .
Etabs s quy i khi lng ca cc cu kin (bao gm cc loi khi lng theo nh ngha
trong Mass Source xem mc 2.10) theo nguyn tc trung bnh v cc im nt ca cu
kin. V d khi lng ca dm s c chia thnh 2 phn v quy v cc nt ti 2 u dm.
i vi sn, ty theo quy tc chia o m Etabs s pht sinh cc nt o v quy khi lng v
cc nt o. Nu Diaphragm c gn ch bao gm cc Point, th hu ht khi lng sn s
khng c tnh vo Diaphragm, ch phn khi lng sn nh (chia o) gn vi nt thuc
vo Diaphragm c tnh.
Khi lng ca ct hoc dm s b tr bt ti cc v tr giao nhau, khi lng sn khng b
tr ti cc v tr giao vi dm.

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2.13. t li tn cc phn t
Trong qu trnh xy dng m hnh, vic xa cc phn t v sai, hoc v cc cu kin khng
ng theo th t quy c (t di ln trn, t tri sang phi) l nhng vic khng th trnh
khi. iu ny s khin cho tn cc phn t tr nn hn lon, khng tun theo th t, v rt
kh tm kim v tr phn t khi cn thit.
trnh nhng phin toi khng cn thit, ngi dng nn s dng chc nng t li tn cu
kin cho m hnh bng cch s dng menu Edit > Auto Relabel All... Etabs s khng cho
php ngi dng ch ng t tn cho phn t, m s t ng t li tn cc phn t theo
quy c (t di ln trn, t tri sang phi), do c th tm kim cc phn t mt cch
nhanh chng khi cn thit.
2.14. Kim tra m hnh

Etabs c chc nng cho php ngi dng kim tra kh nng c li v mt hnh hc ca m
hnh, thng l cc li phn t b chng ln nhau (overlap), cc phn t qu gn nhau (c th
l ni lin nhau nhng do ngi dng khng cn thn v tch ra mt khong cch rt
gn), hoc li khng th chia o phn phi ti trng.
kim tra m hnh, ngi dng s dng menu Analyze > Check Model
Hnh 2.14.1. Cc thit lp kim tra m hnh

Etabs s hin th ca s thng bo v cc li nu c nh Hnh 2.14.2

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Kin thc s dng Etabs
Hnh 2.14.2. Thng bo v cc li trong m hnh

Trong hnh 2.14.2, c th thy mt s li ph bin thng gp, l cc cu kin b chng
ln nhau (overlap), v li phn phi ti trng sn (area load transfer error).
2.15. M hnh cu kin cong trong Etabs nh th no?

Nhiu k s thng kh lng tng khi ln u tin gp phi nhng m hnh kt cu c cu
kin cong (v d dm cong).
Hy nh rng Etabs l phn mm s dng phng php phn t hu hn, iu c ngha
rng:
y l mt phng php gn ng
Chng ta c th chia nh bt c m hnh kt cu no thnh cc cu kin c bn
(Frame, Shell), v mc chnh xc ca kt qu tnh ton ph thuc vo mc chia
nh ca m hnh
Etabs khng c sn cc cng c xy dng cu kin cong v l thuyt ca phng php
phn t hu hn ch xy dng cho cc cu kin c bn nh ngha trc (dng thanh
thng v tm)
Do , khi gp mt s kt cu c cu kin cong, hy nh rng chng ta s xy dng m
hnh Etabs bng cch ghp t cc thanh thng, cc sn c th m hnh bng cc tm tam gic.
2.16. Gii phng lin kt

Trong mt s trng hp, ngi dng c nhu cu cn gii phng lin kt ti u nt ca cc
phn t. V d trong lin kt ch chu ct ca kt cu thp, ngi dng c th s dng chc
nng gii phng m men ti cc u dm ca Etabs.

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thc hin iu ny, click vo cu kin cn gii phng lin kt, sau click menu Assign
> Frame/Line > Frame Releases/Partial Fixity, trong ca s Assign Frame Releases, click
vo cc lin kt cn gii phng (hnh 2.16).
Thng thng lin kt cn gii phng l lin kt m men, trong trng hp , click vo cc
Start v End ti mc Moment 33 (Major).
Hnh 2.16. Gii phng lin kt

C th gii phng lin kt ti 1 u hoc ti c 2 u ca cu kin bng cch tick vo u cn
gii phng. Thng thng quy nh u Start l v tr bt u v cu kin.
Khi mun b gii phng lin kt, chn cu kin v chn No Releases gc pha di bn
tri ca ca s Assign Frame Releases.
2.17. Ch v Offset i tng

Ch ny cho php chng ta v mt i tng cch mt i tng c mt khong cch
nh sn; v d bn mun v mt Ct cch 1 im c mt on 2250; hoc mun v mt
dm song song v cch mt dm c khong 1850 v.v..
thc hin, bn gi lnh v i tng v iu chnh cc gi tr Plan Offset
V ct
V dm
Sau khi chn khong cch Offset, bn v bng cch click vo cc im mc c (im
c, hoc dm c). Cch ny cn p dng cho trng hp v Vch.

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Kin thc s dng Etabs
PHN III. KHAI BO TI TRNG

3.1. Ti trng tng
Ti trng tng thng c gn vo trong m hnh di 3 dng:
(PP1) Quy i thnh ti trng phn b u v gn vo sn
(PP2) Gn trc tip ln cc dm , bao gm c cc dm o ti cc v tr tng k trc
tip ln sn (khng c dm) Hnh 3.1.1
(PP3) Mt phn gn ln dm, mt phn c quy i thnh ti trng phn b gn
ln sn
Dm o l phn t Frame c tit din l NONE (mt loi tit din mc nh ca Etabs), c
dng gn ti trng tng ti cc v tr trn sn khng c dm. Hnh 3.1.1 l s gn ti
trng tng cho mt mt bng theo (PP2).
Hnh 3.1.1. S gn ti trng tng theo (PP2)

Trong hnh 3.1.1, Etabs ang c thit lp ch quan st gii hn, y l ch cho
php ngi dng ch quan st mt phn ca m hnh, c th ch 1 tng hoc mt s tng. Ch
ny c bit hu dng v thng c dng khi gn ti trng tng hoc kim tra vic
gn ti trng tng. Khi ch ny, ngi dng d dng kim tra s gn ti trng tng
so vi bn v kin trc.
kch hot ch quan st gii hn, ngi dng s dng menu View > Set Building View
limits, giao din xut hin nh hnh 3.1.2

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Hnh 3.1.2. Thit lp ch quan st gii hn m hnh

gii hn quan st ti tng no, ngi dng ch nh Top Story v Bottom Story ti tng ,
sau click OK. khi phc ch quan st y , ngi dng click vo Show All v sau
click OK.
Trong 3 phng php gn ti trng tng cp trn, mi phng php c u nhc
im ca n:
(PP1) l cch gn ti trng n gin v nhanh nht m ngi dng c th thc hin.
quy i ti trng tng t dng phn b trn ng thng sang dng phn b trn
b mt, ngi dng cn tnh ton b ti trng tng trong khu vc quy i, sau
chia cho din tch s ra c gi tr ti trng phn b b mt v c th gn c vo
cc sn. Phng php ny ch ph hp vi cc cng trnh c ti trng tng phn b
tng i u n trn sn, v d cc cn h chung c. Do ti trng tng phn b u
trn sn v tc dng trc tip ln sn nn ni lc trong sn c th s ln hn so vi cc
trng hp cn li. Bn cnh , phng php ny cng khng thc s chnh xc, v
d i vi trng hp tng nm trc tip trn dm khung. ng ra phn ti trng ny
s truyn ch yu ln dm trc tip n, nhng do c quy i ln phn b trn
sn nn phn ti trng ny s c phn phi ln cc dm khung khc. Phng php
ny ni chung nn ch s dng trong tnh ton s b, khi cn so snh nhanh gia cc
phng n kt cu khc nhau.
(PP2) l phng php chnh xc nht, do khai bo c y gi tr v v tr ca ti
trng tng. Tuy nhin phng php ny tiu tn nhiu thi gian, v khin ngi
dng rt vt v khi phng n kin trc thay i.

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(PP3) l phng php dung ha cc u nhc im ca PP1 v PP2, phng php ny
thng c p dng cho cc kt cu sn khng dm, ti trng tng bin ca cng
trnh c gn ln cc dm o chu vi cng trnh, cn cc tng cn li c quy i
thnh ti phn b v gn ln sn.
3.2. Hot ti
Cc cng trnh thng bao gm nhiu khu vc c chc nng khc nhau, ng ngha vi vic
ngi dng cn xc nh nhiu gi tr hot ti tng ng gn vo m hnh Etabs. tng
kh nng kim sot mc chnh xc ca m hnh, v gim thi gian gn hot ti ln m
hnh, ngi dng nn nh ngha (define) cc loi tit din sn tng ng vi cc loi chc
nng, vi mu sc khc nhau, v tn gi mang cc thng tin v chiu dy sn, cp bn, v
gi tr hot ti (xem mc 2.5). Khi , ngi dng c th chn mt loi sn no y trong
ton b m hnh bng cch s dng cng c chn cc phn t theo tn tit din (menu Select
> by Wall/ Slab/ Deck Sections).
Hnh 3.2. Sn c m hnh ha theo s hot ti

Trong hnh 3.2, cc loi sn (tng ng vi gi tr hot ti khc nhau) c nh ngha
bng cc mu sc khc nhau. M hnh c xy dng nh th c th nm bt mt cch trc
quan v d dng so snh vi bn v kin trc.
nh hng ca vic cht hot ti lch tng lch nhp c th c xem xt thng qua vic s
dng h s Pattern Live Load Factor (xem mc 5.7)
3.3. Ti trng ng t
Ngi dng c th khai bo ti trng ng t thng qua 2 phng php:

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(PP1) Nhp gi tr ti trng
(PP2) Nhp ph phn ng ng t
Khi s dng (PP1), ngi dng cn tnh ton ti trng ng t ng vi mi dng dao ng
(s dng tun theo quy nh ca TCXDVN 375:2006), v nhp ti trng thng qua
Diaphragm (xem mc 3.4)
Khi s dng (PP2), ngi dng cn tnh ton cc gi tr ca ph phn ng theo quy nh ca
TCXDVN 375:2006, v lu vo file TEXT c dng nh hnh 3.3.1 .
Hnh 3.3.1. nh dng file cha gi tr ph phn ng dao ng

Sau khi c file TEXT, ngi dng s dng menu Define > Response Spectrum Functions,
Trong ca s Define Response Spectrum Functions, trong mc Choose Function Type to Add
chn mc Spectrum from File, v click Add New Function
Hnh 3.3.2. Nhp ph phn ng t file TEXT

Trong ca s Response Spectrum Function Definition, chn Period vs Value, click Browse

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Hnh 3.3.3. Ca s Response Spectrum Function Definition

Trong ca s Pick Function Data File, chn file type l Text Files (*.txt), sau chn file
TEXT cha ph phn ng v click Open
Hnh 3.3.4. Ca s Pick Function Data File

Trong ca s Response Spectrum Function Definition, click Display Graph hin th hnh
nh ca ph, sau click Convert to User Defined chuyn d liu t file TEXT sang file
EDB (xem mc 1.3)

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Hnh 3.3.5. Ca s Response Spectrum Function Definition

Ngoi ra, ngi dng cng c th thit lp Etabs t tnh ton gi tr ca ph, bng cch
chn EUROCODE8-2004 Spectrum trong mc Choose Function Type to Add (hnh 3.3.6),
do TCXDVN 375:2006 c bin dch t EC8 nn cc gi tr ca ph phn ng do Etabs t
tnh cng tng ng vi gi tr khi tnh ton theo TCXDVN 375:2006
Hnh 3.3.6. S dng ph do Etabs t tnh ton theo EC8
3.4. Gn ti trng ngang thng qua Diaphragm

Ti trng ngang nh ti trng gi (thnh phn tnh v ng) v ti trng ng t c th c
gn di dng ti trng tp trung thng qua Diaphragm. Ti trng ngang c tnh ton tc
dng ln mi tng, v c gn ln mc sn. Khi gn ti trng ngang thng qua Diaphragm,
c 2 thng s cn quan tm, l gi tr v v tr im t lc trn mt bng.
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Kin thc s dng Etabs

gn ti trng thng qua Diaphragm, trc ht phi nh ngha Diaphargm cho m hnh
(xem mc 2.8), sau tin hnh ln lt theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Click vo menu Define > Static Load Cases
Bc 2: Ln lt nhp tn ti trng (Load), kiu ti trng (Type) l WIND hoc QUAKE, v
quan trng l trong mc Auto Lateral Load chn User Defined, sau click Add New Load
Hnh 3.4.1. Thm ti trng vi thit lp User Defined

Bc 3: Click Modify Lateral Load
Hnh 3.4.2. Nhp hoc hiu chnh gi tr ca ti trng

Bc 4: Nhp gi tr ti trng theo phng ang xt, v gi tr ta ca im t lc. Ngi
dng c th nhp tng gi tr hoc copy-paste gi tr t file Excel. Ta ca im t lc
ph thuc vo li ti trng, i vi ti trng gi thnh phn tnh - l ta tm hnh hc ca
cng trnh, i vi ti trng gi thnh phn ng hoc ng t l ta ca tm khi
lng.

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Hnh 3.4.3. Nhp gi tr v ta im t lc

i vi ti trng ng t, vic khai bo c mt s khc bit so vi ti trng gi
Hnh 3.4.4. Khai bo trng hp ti trng ng t

Trong phn nhp gi tr, ngi dng c th ch nh cho php Etabs t tnh ton v gn v tr
im t lc trng vi tm khi lng ca mt bng bng cch s dng ty chn Apply at
Center of Mass

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Hnh 3.4.5. V tr im t lc trng vi tm khi lng i vi ti trng ng t
3.5. T hp ti trng
Mc d Etabs s dng khi nim t hp ti trng (Load Combinations), nhng trn thc t l
Etabs thc hin vic tnh ton ni lc cho cc trng hp ti trng n l v sau t hp
ni lc li theo cc h s c xc lp trong mc Load Combinations (menu Define >
Load Combiantions).
Etabs cung cp 4 kiu t hp ti trng (hnh 3.5.1), trong c 3 loi c s dng ph bin
l:
ADD: T hp cng, gi tr t hp bng tng ca cc trng hp thnh phn
ENVE: T hp bao, gi tr t hp bng gi tr cc tr ca cc trng hp thnh phn,
th hin di 2 gi tr MAX v MIN
SRSS: T hp trung bnh phng, gi tr t hp bng cn ca tng cc bnh phng
ca cc trng hp thnh phn, th hin di 2 gi tr MAX v MIN
Hnh 3.5.1. Cc kiu t hp ti trng

T hp cng c th bao gm cc t hp khc, mc ch s dng l xc nh t hp ca cc
ti trng c nhiu thnh phn nh gi hoc ng t.
V d: c th to mt t hp GDX l t hp SRSS ca cc dng dao ng (hnh 3.5.2)

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Hnh 3.5.2. T hp thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi

Sau s dng t hp GDX nh l mt trng hp ti trng t hp vi cc trng hp ti
trng khc (hnh 3.5.3)
Hnh 3.5.3. T hp bao gm mt t hp khc

Lu khng nn to mt trng hp t hp ca GTX v GDX ri mi a vo t hp khc,
v nh th s trit tiu tnh cht MAX v MIN ca GDX.

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PHN IV. PHN TCH NI LC

4.1. P-Delta
S bin dng ca kt cu di tc dng ca ngoi lc dn n thay i s tnh ton v
pht sinh ni lc th cp, v c gi l hiu ng P-Delta. Nh trong hnh 4.1.1, trong s
khng bin dng trng thi 1 (ng nt t trong s a), lc ngang F gy ta m men c
gi tr bng F*h, cn lc ng P ch gy ra lc dc v khng gy ra m men. Gi tr m men
ti chn ct bng F*h l kt qu ca bi ton c hc c in, vi gi thit bin dng nh. Khi
c yu cu cao hn v tnh ton, cn phi xt ti m men pht sinh so s bin dng ca kt
cu.
Di tc dng ca lc ngang F (m men chn ct bng F*h), h b bin dng v chuyn v
ngang ti nh l . Sau khi bin dng, h chuyn sang trng thi 2 (ng nt lin trong s
a). Lc ny, do lc ng P c lch , nn pht sinh thm gi tr m men ti chn ct
bng P*, v tng m men di chn ct bng F*h + P*.
Hnh 4.1.1. Hiu ng P-Delta

C th thy khi m men trong ct tng ln do c chuyn v ngang (lc P lch trc), th bin
dng ca ct cng tng ln v do chuyn v tip tc tng. Qu trnh ny hnh thnh mt
chui ni tip nhau: c chuyn v ngang ni lc tng chuyn v tng ni lc tng ... .
V mt c hc, qu trnh ny ch kt thc khi cng sinh ra bi lc F trong dch chuyn Delta
khng th thng c th nng n hi trong kt cu pht sinh khi h bin dng. Trong thc
hnh tnh ton, qu trnh ny c th c xem l kt thc khi s gia tng bin dng gia hai
vng lp b hn mt gi tr quy c.

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Trong Etabs, xt n hiu ng P-Delta ngi dng cn thc hin mt s thit lp. u tin
click menu Analyze > Set Analysis Options, trong ca s Analysis Options, chn Include
P-Delta, sau click Set P-Delta Parameters (hnh 4.1.2)
Hnh 4.1.2. Chn ch phn tch c xt n hiu ng P-Delta

Trong ca s P-Delta Parameters, trong mc Maximum Iterations nhp s vng lp tnh
ton ti a (nu khng tha mn chnh chuyn v quy c), trong mc Relative
Tolerance Displacements nhp gi tr chnh chuyn v quy c. Mc P-Delta Load
Combination cho php thit lp t hp cn xt n hiu ng P-Delta.
Hnh 4.1.3. Thit lp t hp

Xem thm v din gii ca CSI v vn ny theo link di dy:
https://wiki.csiamerica.com/display/etabs/P-Delta+analysis+parameters

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4.2. Axial Shortening

Di tc dng ca ti trng thng ng, cc cu kin ct v vch b bin dng dc trc. Khi
mc bin dng dc trc gia cc cu kin khc nhau s dn n pht sinh m men do
chuyn v cng bc trong cc dm ni gia cc cu kin thng ng. iu ny din ra ph
bin cc dm ni gia h thng ct v li vch. H li vch c thit k chu ti trng
ngang, c t s ln = P/(A*Rb) b, trong khi ct ch thit k chu ti trng thng ng (t s
nn ln) do c chnh chuyn v ng k gia hai cu kin ny. Trong tnh ton thng
thng, i vi cc tng trn cng chnh chuyn v c cng dn v c gi tr rt ln.
Hnh 4.2.1. Ni lc pht sinh trong dm do chnh lch chuyn v

Trn thc t, trong qu trnh xy dng chnh chuyn v do ti trng bn thn c khc
phc mt phn do qu trnh cn chnh li cao cc cu kin. Do ni lc thc t s khng
ging vi kt qu tnh ton thng thng. khc phc iu ny, Etabs a ra quy trnh tnh
ton theo qu trnh thi cng, c k n kh nng hn ch chnh lch chuyn v thng qua
thit lp ca ngi dng v loi ti trng v bc tnh ton.
thc hin iu ny, click menu Define > Add Sequential Construction Case, trong ca
s Auto Construction Sequence Case, c 2 mc cn chnh cn khai bo l Load Pattern v
Auto Create Active Strucure (hnh 4.2.2)

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Hnh 4.2.2. Thit lp trng hp ti trng v s tng trong mi vng lp

Mc Load Pattern cho php ngi dng thit lp loi ti trng s c p dng cho quy trnh
tnh ton ny. Chng ta ch chc chn khc phc c chnh ln do ti trng bn thn, do
thng thng ch thit lp ti trng bn thn trong mc Load Pattern. Khi ngi dng d
nh s tin hnh phn tch ni lc c s dng quy trnh phn tch theo trnh t thi cng, th
nn tch ring trng hp ti trng bn thn vi cc trng hp tnh ti khc.
Mc Auto Create Active Structure cho php ngi dng thit lp s lng tng trong mi
vng tnh ton. Mc d trnh t thi cng thc t l tng tng mt, v vic phn tch vi bc
lp 1 tng s a ra kt qu chnh xc, gim ti a ni lc chnh ln trong dm, tuy nhin s
dn ti thi gian phn tch rt lu i vi cc cng trnh cao tng. Ngi dung c th cn
nhc s dng bc lp 3 tng hoc 5 tng gim bt thi gian tnh ton.
Xem thm phn tch v hiu qu ca quy trnh ny theo link di y:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4gIwTNEZTA
4.3. Khi lng tng , v tr tm khi lng v tm cng

Khi lng tng c Etabs tnh ton theo cc nguyn tc c nu trong Phn II. Sau khi
phn tch kt cu, nu khng pht sinh cc li, Etabs s xut d liu v khi lng tng trong
bng Center Mass Rigidity. xem thng tin v khi lng tng, click menu Display >
Show Tabes, trong ca s Choose Tables for Display, chn bng Center Mass Rigidity, v
click OK.

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Hnh 4.3.1. Chn xem bng d liu khi lng tng

Gi tr khi lng c th hin cc ct MassX v MassY; v tr tm khi lng c th
hin cc ct XCM v YCM; v tr tm cng c th hin cc ct XCR v YCR
Hnh 4.3.2. Khi lng tng, v tr tm khi lng v tm cng
Trong ca s hin th d liu, c th copy dn vo cc bng Excel bng cch click vo

menu Edit > Copy Entire Table hoc s dng t hp phm Ctrl+C (xem hnh 4.3.3)

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Hnh 4.3.3. Copy d liu t cc bng
4.4. Chu k dao ng

xem thng tin v chu k dao ng, click menu Display > Show Tabes, trong ca s
Choose Tables for Display, chn bng Modal Participating Mass Ratio, v click OK.
Hnh 4.4.1. Chn xem bng d liu chu k dao ng

Chu k dao ng c th hin trong ct Period (hnh 4.4.2).
Cng trong bng Modal Participating Mass Ratio, gi tr UX v UY chnh l phn trm
khi lng tham gia dao ng theo cc phng, y l ch s cho thy mc nng lng dao
ng ca cng trnh theo tng phng ng vi mi dng dao ng. Phn trm khi lng
tham gia dao ng cng l cn c xc nh phng dao ng chnh ca dng ang xt. V

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d trong hnh 4.4.2, UX = 30.1%, UY = 0.0046%, cho thy dng dao ng ang xt c
phng chnh l phng X.
Hnh 4.4.2. Bng d liu chu k dao ng
4.5. Dng ca dao ng

Dng ca dao ng c th hin qua chuyn dch t i ca cc khi lng tng. Chuyn
dch t i ca khi lng trong dng dao ng khng c n v, t l gia cc chuyn dch t
i v du ca cc chuyn dch t i to nn hnh dng ca dao ng. Hnh 4.5.1 th hin
cc dng dao ng c bn ca mt h kt cu.
Hnh 4.5.1. Cc dng dao ng c bn ca kt cu

xem thng tin v dng ca dao ng, click menu Display > Show Tabes, trong ca s
Choose Tables for Display, chn bng Buliding Modes, v click OK.

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Hnh 4.5.2. Chn xem bng d liu dng dao ng

Cc dch chuyn t i ca khi lng tng theo cc phng X v Y c th hin trong ct
UX v UY (hnh 4.5.3).
Hnh 4.5.3. Bng d liu dng dao ng

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Ch rng dch chuyn t i khng c n v, nn khi x l trong excel, c th chia dch
chuyn t i ca cc tng cho gi tr ca tng trn cng chun ha gi tr (xem hnh 4.5.4)
Hnh 4.5.4. Chun ha gi tr chuyn v t i
4.6. Chuyn v ngang

xem thng tin v chuyn v ngang ca cng trnh, click menu Display > Show Tabes,
trong ca s Choose Tables for Display, chn bng Diaphragm CM Displacements, v
click OK.
Hnh 4.6.1. Chn xem bng d liu v chuyn v ngang

Gi tr chuyn v ngang c th hin trong cc ct UX v UY trong bng Diaphragm CM
Displacements (xem hnh 4.6.2).

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Gi tr chuyn v ngang ti cc tng trn cng c s dng kim tra iu kin hn ch v
chuyn v nh ca cng trnh.
Hnh 4.6.2. Bng d liu chuyn v ngang
4.7. Chuyn v lch tng

xem thng tin v chuyn v lch tng ca cng trnh, click menu Display > Show Tabes,
trong ca s Choose Tables for Display, chn bng Diaphragm Drifts trong phn
Displacements, v click OK.
Hnh 4.7.1. Chn xem bng d liu chuyn v lch tng

Gi tr chuyn v lch tng c th hin trong cc ct DriftX v DriftY trong bng
Diaphragm Drifts (xem hnh 4.7.2).
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Gi tr chuyn v lch tng c s dng kim tra iu kin hn ch v chuyn v lch
tng ca cng trnh.
Hnh 4.7.2. Bng d liu chuyn v lch tng
4.8. Nguyn nhn dn n kt qu chu k dao ng ca cng trnh qu ln

Trong mt s trng hp, bn s bt gp chu k dao ng ca cng trnh l rt ln, c nhng
gi tr ln n 25000s, y l mt s v l m ai cng c th khng nh, nhng nguyn nhn
dn n s vic ny th khng phi d dng xc nh.
Ln u tin ti bt gp trng hp ny l khi nhn c email t mt bn c, nh ti

tm hiu gip nguyn nhn. Ti th kim tra cc iu kin u vo, nh: khai bo m un
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n hi, khai bo ngun khi lng (Mass Source), khai bo tit in cu kin, khai bo lin
kt; nhng u khng pht hin thy iu bt thng. Ti khng th gip g bn y.
Ln th hai, ti li nhn c mt m hnh khc, chu k dao ng 50000s. Ln ny th khng
th b qua.
Khi khng th xc nh nguyn nhn t vic khai bo cc thng s, ti cht ny ra mt ,
l quan st xem ci g ang dao ng trong Mode u tin!. V ti c cu tr li. Khi
tch ring mt 1 tng ra quan st (s dng menu: View > Set Building View Limits), v
quan st dng dao ng u tin (s dng menu Display > Show Mode Shape, sau click
Start Animation). Ti pht hin ra i tng ang dao ng chnh l cc dm o (Null
Line) - vn c s dng ph bin gn ti trng tng. V mt nguyn nhn no , c
th do c lch gia cc u dm o vi cc i tng khc, hoc cc dm o c khai
bo trng hoc chng ln vi cc i tng Frame khc, Etabs khng th lin kt dm ny
vi cc i tng cn li v sinh ra cc dao ng cc b. Sau khi iu chnh hoc xa b cc
i tng ny, chu k dao ng ca cng trnh tr li bnh thng.
C 3 kinh nghim c th c rt t vn ny:
Hy v cc dm o tht chnh xc, a s cc trng hp Import s dm o t bn
v CAD vo thng c lch vi m hnh, rt d gy ra li
Bn c th tm c nguyn nhn gy nn dao ng bt thng bng cch quan st
i tng ang dao ng
Bn khng th ng c Etabs c th thc hin nhng iu phi l, v d xem dm o
l mt i tng c th dao ng.

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PHN V. THIT K CT THP

5.1. Tnh ton v kim tra
i vi cc cu kin ct v vch, Etabs cho php ngi dng thc hin mt trong hai quy
trnh l tnh ton hoc kim tra (Design / Check).
Nu ngi dng chn quy trnh tnh ton (design), Etabs s thc hin tnh ton din tch ct
thp ca cu kin da trn ni lc phn tch c v thng s v vt liu m ngi dng khai
bo.
Nu ngi dng chn quy trnh kim tra (check), Etabs s thc hin kim tra kh nng chu
lc ca cu kin da trn ni lc phn tch c, thng s v vt liu, v b tr ct thp m
ngi dng khai bo.
i vi ct, ngi dng la chn mt trong hai quy trnh ny ngay trong phn khai bo c
trng tit din. Trong ca s Rectangule Section, click Reinforcement
Hnh 5.1.1. Thit lp ct thp cho ct

Trong ca s Reinforcement Data, ti mc Check/Design ngi dng chn quy trnh tng
ng.
Hnh 5.1.2. La chn quy trnh kim tra hoc tnh ton cho ct

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i vi vch, chn mt trong hai quy trnh trn, ngi dng tin hnh chn vch, sau
click menu Design > Shear Wall Design > Assign Pier Section for Checking > General
Reinforcing Pier Section. Trong ca s Assign General Reinforcing Pier Sections, ti mc
Check/Design ngi dng c th chn quy trnh tng ng.
Hnh 5.1.3. La chn quy trnh kim tra hoc tnh ton cho vch
Trong thc hnh, thng thng chn quy trnh ton ton i vi ct, v quy trnh kim tra
i vi vch.
Qu trnh tnh ton hoc kim tra ct thp ct c thc hin bng cch click menu Design >
Concrete Frame Design > Start Design/Check of Structure.
Qu trnh tnh ton hoc kim tra ct thp vch c thc hin bng cch click menu Design
> Shear Wall Design > Start Design/Check of Structure.
5.2. Cn hiu gi tr din tch ct thp ct nh th no?

Etabs tnh ton din tch ct thp ct thng qua phng php lp biu tng tc. Gi tr
din tch ct thp ct c hin th (kt qu design) l gi tr din tch ct thp ln nht trong
cc trng hp t hp trn c 3 tit din ca ct (chn ct, gia ct, nh ct).
Gi tr din tch ct thp ct c hin th (kt qu design - t y gi tt l din tch thp
yu cu hoc din tch thp) l tng din tch ct thp trn ton b tit din.
Quy trnh tnh ton din tch ct thp ct i theo cc bc c bn nh sau:
B tr sn v tr ct thp
Cho hm lng ct thp thay i, tnh ton gi tr ca biu tng tc, kim tra kh
nng chu lc (iu kin m bo kh nng chu lc l h s an ton SF > 1)
Bng phng php ng dn, tm hm lng ct thp tha mn SF ln hn v gn
bng 1 (hm lng ct thp ti thiu m bo kh nng chu lc)
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Nh vy, din tch ct thp tnh ton c trong Etabs, v nguyn l, ph thuc vo vic b
tr sn v tr ct thp. Vic b tr ct thp khc nhau s a n cc kt qu v din tch ct
thp khc nhau, sai s ph thuc vo cch thc b tr v gi tr ni lc. Ngi dng c th
khai bo v tr (kiu b tr) ct thp ngay khi khai bo tit din ct. Bng cch khai bo ct
thp tp trung trn mt cnh hay phn b u trn tit din, ngi dng ch ng chn la
vic ct ch yu lm vic mt phng hay lm vic theo hai phng.
5.3. Din tch ct thp ai

Sau khi tin hnh thit k (Design), ngi dng c th c kt qu tnh ton din tch ct
thp ai bng cch click menu Design > Concrete Frame Design > Display Design Info.
Trong ca s Display Design Results, ti mc Design Output, chn Shear Reinforcing.
Hnh 5.3.1. c kt qu tnh ton din tch ct ai

Ngi dng cng c th c kt qu cho mi cu kin bng cch click chut phi vo cu
kin , kt qu s c th hin nh hnh 5.3.2.
Hnh 5.3.2. c kt qu tnh ton din tch ct ai

Gi tr ct thp chu ct c ly bng Asv/Sv, trong Asv l din tch ct ai v Sv l
khong cch gia cc ct ai.

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Vi v d trong hnh 5.3.2, n v l cm, nu khong cch ct ai l 15cm, th din tch ct
ai yu cu l: Asv = 0.058 * 15 = 0.87 cm2. Nu s dng ai 2 nhnh, din tch yu cu ca
mi nhnh s l: Asv1 = Asv/2 = 0.435 cm2. Nh vy, nu b tr ai 2 nhnh, vi v d trn
y, chng ta phi b tr ct ai l 8@150.
5.4. B sung loi ng knh ct thp

Chng ta cn quan tm n loi ng knh ct thp trong Etabs khi cn kim tra kh nng
chu lc ca cc cu kin, thng thng l i vi Vch. Etabs mc nh mt s loi
ng knh ct thp theo cc tiu chun, nhng thiu i mt s loi ng knh thng dng
trong tiu chun Vit Nam nh D18, D22, D32. Chnh v th, ngi dng cn ch ng b
sung cc loi ng knh ny trong Etabs.
b sung cc loi ng knh trong Etabs, bn click menu Options > Preferences >
Reinforcements Bar Size, ca s Reinforing Bar Sizes xut hin cho php bn thm cc
ng knh thp.
Hnh 5.4. Thm loi ng knh ct thp

Lu rng ch nn thm cc ng knh ch khng nn xa cc ng knh trong danh sch
sn c v c th s gy li cho Etabs.
5.5. K hiu O/S trong Etabs khi thit k ct thp c ngha g?

K hiu O/S l vit tt ca cm t Over Strength, thng bo rng cu kin khng m bo
kh nng chu lc, xy ra khi hm lng ct thp tnh ton vt qu hm lng ti a cho
php. Trong trng hp ny, i hi phi c gii php khc phc, c th l:
Thay i kch thc tit din

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Thay i cng vt liu (tng cp bn b tng, s dng nhm thp cao hn, s
dng bin php gia c ...)
Thay i phng n kt cu iu chnh ni lc phn phi ln cu kin ang xt
5.6. Lm trn kt qu tnh ton

Hnh thc hin th kt qu lin quan n chc nng th hin ca Etabs, c iu chnh
thng qua menu Options ca Etabs, trong trng hp ny l Options > Preferences >
Output Decimals. Ca s Output Decimals Preferences xut hin cho php iu chnh s
ch s du phy (mc lm trn) trong kt qu cc kt qu tnh ton. iu chnh mc
lm trn kt qu ct thp, bn iu chnh thng s Rebar Areas, v d mun kt qu ch c 1
con s sau du phy, bn t l 1.
Hnh 5.6. Lm trn kt qu tnh ton ct thp
5.7. ngha ca h s Pattern Live Load Factor

k n tc ng bt li ca s xut hin khng ng thi ca hot ti, Etabs b sung h s
Pattern Live Load Factor (PLLF) cho php ngi dng tc ng n vic phn phi li m
men i vi hot ti theo h s gi thit.
Ngi dng thay i h s ny bng cch click menu: Options > Preferences > Concrete
Frame Design (i vi kt cu b tng ct thp)

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Gi tr mc nh trong Etabs l 0.75; h s ny ch nh hng n ni lc trong qu trnh t

ng thit k ct thp ch khng nh hng n ni lc ca kt qu phn tch kt cu, do
nhiu ngi s thc mc ti sao hai gi tr m men ny li khc nhau trong Etabs.
Khi nim ny thc ra rt gn gi vi sinh vin Vit Nam thng qua tn gi: cht hot ti
lch tng lch nhp, l k n tc dng bt li ca phn ni lc sinh ra trn mt nhp
khi hot ti xut hin trn nhp lin k. Tuy nhin vic p dng trong phn mm khng n
gin nh tnh ton trong thc t, do Etabs dng mt h s gn ng chnh l PLLF.
Nu h s PLLF = 0, Etabs s thit k ct thp m khng k n nh hng ca kh nng
cht ti lch tng lch nhp.
Nu h s PLLF <> 0, m men dng trong dm s c tnh ton bng (m men do tnh ti)
+ PLLF * (m men do hot ti vi gi thit dm c 2 u lin kt khp); c th v d bng
cng thc di y (i vi trng hp c hot ti phn b u):
Trong :
f1 v f2: cc h s t hp ca tnh ti v hot ti
Pffl: h s Pattern Live Load Factor
l: chiu di dm
LL: gi tr hot ti
MDL: m men dng trong nhp dm di tc dng ca tnh ti, trong s kt cu
thc t
Mpos Max: m men dng ln nht trong nhp dm, c s dng thit k
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PHN VI: CC NI DUNG KHC

6.1. Tm cng, tm khi lng, tm hnh hc
Tm cng, tm khi lng, v tm hnh hc l cc c trng xc nh trn mt bng ca kt
cu. Tm cng, tm khi lng v tm hnh hc c xc nh theo cch khc nhau v c vai
tr khc nhau trong qu trnh phn tch kt cu.
6.1.1. Tm cng
Tm cng (CR - Center of Rigidity) l v tr trn mt bng m nu t mt lc ngang vo
th mt bng ch chu chuyn v tnh tin, khng c chuyn v xoay.
Tm cng c xc nh da trn c trng hnh hc ca kt cu (m men qun tnh I) v
c trng ca vt liu (m un n hi E). i vi h kt cu c cc cu kin thng ng
bin dng ng iu, v tr ca tm cng c xc nh nh sau:
X = (Xi * E * Ixi) / (E * Ixi)
Y = (Yi * E * Iyi) / (E * Iyi)
Cng thc trn xc nh da trn tnh cht phn phi ti trng ngang t l thun vi cng
i vi cc cu kin bin dng ng iu.
Trn thc t, h kt cu thng tng i phc tp v c s kt hp ca cc cu kin thng
ng c bin dng khng ng iu vi nhau. Trong nhng trng hp , cn xc nh v
tr tm cng thng qua nh ngha ca n. Hnh 6.1.1 th hin phng php xc nh v tr
tm cng trong phn mm Etabs
Hnh 6.1.1. Nguyn l xc nh v tr tm cng

C th tm tt phng php ny nh sau:
Ti im A bt k, t mt lc n v Fx = 1 theo phng X, xc nh c gc xoay
ca sn Rzx

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Vn ti im A, t mt lc n v Fy = 1 theo phng Y, xc nh c gc xoay ca
sn Rzy
t mt m men xon n v Mz = 1 quanh trc Z, xc nh c gc xoay ca sn
Rzz
Ta (X, Y) ca tm cng c xc nh nh sau: X = -Rzy/Rzz v Y = Rzx/Rzz
Khi mt lc t ln sn khng i qua tm cng, n s gy ra mt m men xon vi cnh tay
n ca lc c tnh n v tr ca tm cng.
6.1.2. Tm khi lng
Tm khi lng (CM - Center of Mass) ca sn chnh l trng tm vt l xt trn mt bng
ca sn. Ta xc nh bng cc cng thc n gin nh sau:
X = (Xi * mi) / (mi) v Y = (Yi * mi) / (mi).
V tr ca tm khi lng chnh l im t ca cc lc lin quan n tc ng qun tnh nh:
ti trng ng t, thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi
6.1.3. Tm hnh hc
Tm hnh hc c xc nh thng qua khong cch trung bnh t mt im ti cc bin ca
cng trnh theo phng ang xt.
Tm hnh hc c th c ly lm v tr tc dng ca cc ti trng tc dng trn b mt nh
thnh phn tnh ca ti trng gi
6.1.4. ngha ca vic xc nh tm cng, tm khi lng v tm hnh hc
V tr ca tm khi lng v tm hnh hc v cc v tr tc dng ca cc lc lin quan nh ti
trng gi (thnh phn tnh, thnh phn ng) v ti trng ng t.
V tr ca tm cng, tm khi lng v tm hnh hc ca mt mt bng kt cu thng khng
trng nhau, do di tc dng ca cc ti trng gi v ng t, cng trnh thng phi
chu thm m men xon do lch ca ti trng so vi tm cng.
Mt s tiu chun thit k yu cu hn ch lch gia tm cng, tm khi lng v tm
hnh hc mc cho php.
6.2. Khi lng tham gia dao ng v Khi lng hu hiu

6.2.1. Khi lng tham gia dao ng - Modal Participating Mass Ratio (MPMR)
Theo ti liu Analysis Reference ca CSI, Modal Participating Mass Ratio c xc nh
nh sau:
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Gi tr ny c th tm thy trong bng Modal Participating Mass Ratio c xut bi Etabs

(menu Display > Show Table)
6.2.2. Khi lng hu hiu - Effective Modal Mass (EMM)
Khi lng hu hiu ca dng dao ng c xc nh theo cng thc:
Biu th di dng phn trm tng khi lng cng trnh nh sau:
Gi tr ny c s dng khi tnh ton ti trng ng t, v xt s lng cc dng dao ng

c s dng tnh ton.
6.2.3. So snh
Khi lng tham gia dao ng (MPMR) c s dng nh gi mc quan trng ca
mt dng dao ng v phng ca dng dao ng .
Khi lng hu hiu (EMM) hay Phn trm khi lng hu hiu %(EMM) c s dng
tnh ton ti trng ng t tc dng ln h kt cu nhiu bc t do (MDOF) trn c s
tnh ton tc dng ca ti trng ng t ln h c mt bc t do (SDOF) c cng khi lng
v chu k dao ng.
V mt ton hc, chng ta c th d dng nhn ra rng MPMR v %(EMM) c xc nh
khc nhau mt lng (m.2) c gi l khi lng ca dng dao ng.
Trong trng hp c bit, vi bi ton phng, do (m.2) = 1; khi MPMR = %(EMM)
Trong bi ton khng gian, khi lng ca dng dao ng bao gm khi lng dao dng
theo cc hng X, Y v dao ng xon quanh trc Z; tng ca cc phng = 1; v gi tr ca
tng phng b hn 1; do vi bi ton khng gian th theo tng phng ta c MPMR <
%(EMM)

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6.3. Chuyn ch hin th sang Style en trng

Khi mun trch xut hnh nh chn vo cc bng tnh, ngi dng c th chuyn ch
hin th ca Etabs sang nn mu trng, v m hnh mu xm c c hnh nh d nhn
hn.
thc hin iu ny, click menu Options > Color > Set Active Theme
Trong ca s Display Theme, chn Gray-Scale
Pha di l hnh nh ca s lm vic ca Etabs sau khi i style

H Vit Hng
55
Kin thc s dng Etabs

Trong trng hp mun i li nn mc nh, ngi dng tin hnh ln lt cc bc trn v
t li ch Classical trong ca s Display Theme
6.4. Xut d liu sang SAFE

xut d liu sang SAFE, ngi dng click menu File > Export > Save Story as SAFE
V12 .f2k Text File, ca s SAFE V12 Export Options xut hin cho php ngi dng thc
hin mt s la chn ph hp vi mc ch xut d liu
Trong ca s trn:
Mc Story to Export cho php ngi dng chn sn (tng) cn xut, nu ngi dng
mun tnh mng th xut tng BASE
La chn Export Floor Loads Only s dng trong trng hp tnh ton sn, lc ny
s sn v ti trng trn sn (hoc dm) s c xut sang SAFE
La chn Export Floor Loads and Loads from Above s dng cho trng hp tnh
ton mng, lc ny s tng BASE v quan trng l ti trng chn ct s c
xut sang SAFE
La chn Export Floor Loads plus Column and Wall Distortions s dng cho
trng hp ngi dng mun tnh ton sn khi k n tc dng ca ti trng ngang.
Column and Wall Distortions l gc xoay ca ct v vch di cc trng hp ti
trng, c khai bo di dng cc chuyn v cng bc trong s SAFE.
Mc Load Cases to Export v Spectra to Export cho php ngi dng chn cc
trng hp ti trng s xut ra

H Vit Hng
56

Kien Thuc Su Dung Etabs v2

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KIN THC S DNG

Kin thc s dng Etabs

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Kin thc s dng Etabs

Kin thc s dng Etabs

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PHN I. QUN L FILE

1.2. Khng qun file $ET

Hnh 1.2. File $ET

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1.3. Trnh li qun nh km file TXT cha ph phn ng dao ng

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Hnh 1.4. Hp chn n v gc pha di bn phi ca giao din phn mm

1.5. S dng cc khai bo vt liu v tit din t file c sn

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Bc 4: Tip tc thc hin cc khai bo v h trc ta , click OK khi hon thnh

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PHN II. XY DNG M HNH

Hnh 2.1. Ni lc ca dm thay i thay i khi cu kin thng ng l Vch hoc Ct

Kin thc s dng Etabs

2.2. M hnh lanh t vch thang my

Hnh 2.2. Thit lp thng s v lanh t vch thang my

2.3. Khai bo tit din sn

Hnh 2.3. Khai bo tit din Sn

Kin thc s dng Etabs

2.4. Khng v sn qu phc tp

Kin thc s dng Etabs

Hnh 2.4. Thng bo li ca Etabs khi khng th phn phi ti trng

2.5. t tn tit din sn theo ti trng

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Hnh 2.5. t tn tit din sn theo ti trng

2.6. Chia o phn t Shell

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Hnh 2.6.1. Chia o phn t Shell

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(b) Khng s dng

2.7. Thay i cng ca cc cu kin

Kin thc s dng Etabs

Hnh 2.7.1. Thay i cng ca phn t Frame

Hnh 2.7.2. Thay i cng ca phn t Shell

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Hnh 2.8. Loi Diaphragm

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2.9. Khc phc li khi khai bo Diaphragm

Hnh 2.9.1. Thng bo li khai bo Diaphragm khi phn tch

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Hnh 2.9.2. Chn ton b phn t Ramp trong m hnh

Hnh 2.9.3. Loi b phn t ra khi Diaphragm

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2.10. n v ca khi lng

2.11. Khai bo Mass Source

Hnh 2.11. Khai bo Mass Source