MRI review - 2014

1) Which nuclei have magnetic moments that can be used in MR

2) Which nucleus is the primary one used in MR?
3) What is the value of the gyromagnetic ratio for protons? (remember dimensions)
4) ive the !armor precessional (resonance) fre"uency e"uation?
#) What are the radiofre"uencies used in MR?
$) What is the rela%ation e"uation for the longitudinal magneti&ation? What is happening here?
') (ra) and label the *1 curves for )ater and fat+ What are the *1s for )ater and fat?
,) What is the *2 e"uation for *2 decay? What causes the decay of the signal?
-) .o) do )e measure the MR signal?
1/) 0%plain the difference bet)een the longitudinal direction and the transverse plane+
11) e%plain the difference bet)een *2 and *21 decay+ What causes the *21?
12) What is the clever solution to deal )ith the inhomogeneities in the e%ternal magnetic field?
13) What are *R and *0?
14) What is *.0 MR2 0345*267? 0%plain its parts8 i+e+8 each ma9or part8 density8 longitudinal8 and
transverse magneti&ation+
1#) 4sing *1 and *2 curves8 )ith *R and *0 indicated+ (ra) *1 and *2 curves )ith appropriate *R
and *0 and (emonstrate *1:)eighting8 *2:)eighting8 and proton density )eighting+
1$) (escribe ho) the & position of the signal is determined using gradients in the ;&+
1') (escribe ho) the % position of the signal is determined using gradients in the ;&+
1,) (escribe ho) the y position of the signal is determined using gradients in the ;&+
1-) (ra) an MR se"uence that sho)s the timing of (a) the -/ degree pulses and *R8 (b) the 1,/
degree pulses8 (c) the read:out time (*0)8 (d) the & position gradient8 (e) the % position gradient8
and (f) the y position gradient+
2/) MR suffers from poor signal to noise+ What are some )ays to improve signal to noise? What are
the tradeoffs that are made for each of these )ays?
21) if you )ere to improve the design of an MR machine8 )hat )ould you do? and Why?
22) compare MR )ith <* in terms of=
What basic properties provide the contrast in the image
.o) the 3( position of the signal is determined
*he spatial resolution
*he time of ac"uisition
*he contrast resolution
When it is used clinically ()hat type of illness>in9ury )ould you )ant each to be used)
23) (escribe one or more concepts presented in ;ushberg that is>are not presented in my lectures?
24) What concept )as presented more clearly in ;ushberg than in my lectures? .o) )as it better?
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