Fahreddin Sadkolu 1

External networks NSS BSS MS Users

Mobile Station (MS),
Base Station Subsystem (BBS),
Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS),
Operation Management Subsystem (OMS).
BSS
NSS
OMS
GSM
MS
External
networks
User
Operator
GSM ARCHITECTURE
Fahreddin Sadkolu 2
OMS
OMS
MSC
MSC
EIR
EIR
VLR
VLR
AS
AS PSTN
PSTN
ISDN
ISDN
PSDN
PSDN
PLMN
PLMN
NSS
BSS
HLR
HLR
BTS
BTS
BSC
BSC
MS
SIM
Um interface
Abis interface
Asub interface
Fahreddin Sadkolu 3
BTS
BSC
NSS
OSS
Figure 4.12
Message
Signalling
Radio interface
(Um)
Abis interface
Asub interface
BTS
BTS
BSS components and interfaces
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BSC
TRXn
.
.
TRX2
TRX
1
Base Station
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VCO Synthesizer
Channel
Codec
Signaling
Transmitter
A
D
Receiver A
D
Equalizer
Mod./Dem.
Speech 8/13 bit
Codec 13/8 bit
Burst building
Multip./Dem.
Speech 8/13 bit
Codec 13/8 bit
Control
Unit
13 kbits
16 kbits
64kbits
64 kbits
64 kbits
A law
A-bis
BTS
BSC
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A BASE STATION
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890-915 MHz for uplink, MC to BS
935-960 MHz for downlink, BS to MS
fup(n)=(890+0,2xn) MHz (with,ARFCN 1n124)
fdown(n)=fup(n)+45MHz
Radio frequency channel spacing: 200 kHz; Duplex spacing: 45 MHz
Radio Frequency channels for GSM D900
CHANNEL DISTRIBUTION FOR D900
890 890.2 914.8 915 935 935.2 959.8 960
200 kHz Channel spacing
Duplex spacing 45 MHz
Uplink Downlink
001 002 123 124
001 002 123 124
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GSM 1800
1710-1785 MHz for uplink; 1805-1880 MHz for downlink
Duplex spscing is 95 MHz with 374 channels 200 kHz spacing
Numberd with 512-885
fup(n)=(1710+0,2xn) (n-511) (with,ARFCN 512n885
fdown(n)=fup(n)+95MHz
GSM EXTENDED BAND (E-GSM 900)
880-915 MHz for uplink ; 925-960 MHz for downlink
With FDMA 124 (174 for extended band )
Fup(n)=(890+0.2 x n)MHz (with ARFCN 0n124 ) and
fup(n)=(890+0,2xn) (n-1024) (with ARFCN 975n1023)
fdown (n)=fup (n)+45 MHz
Radio frequency channel spacing: 200 kHz; Duplex spacing: 45
MHz
Fahreddin Sadkolu 8
3 57 1 26 1 57 3 8.25
156.25 bits
Duration 0.57692 ms
Duration 120 ms
Duration 6.12 s
Duration 3.48 s
0 1
2047
0 1
50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42
Hyper Frame
Super Frame
0 1
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
Multiframe
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1250 bits;
Duration
4.615ms
25
Time Slot
ST Data
S
Training
S
Data SP G
ST:Start Bits
S:Stealing Bit
SP:Stop Bits
G:Guard Bits
TB Data SF T SF Data TB G
3 57 1 26 1 57 3 8.25
TB:Tail Bits
S:Stealing Bit
SP:Stop Bits
G:Guard Bits
GSM FRAME STRUCTURE
Normal burst
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CCH
( Control Channels )
DCCH
SDCCH ACCH
FACCH
SACCH
CCCH
RACH CBCH
PCH/AGCH
BCCH
BCCH Synch.
SCH FCH
Control Channels
Fahreddin Sadkolu 10
Speech coding
LPC-PEA
Shufling
Interleaving
Linear Predictive cooding
Rgular Pulse Excitation
Analysis
Long-Term Prediction
Microphone
ADC
Channel cooding
Ciphering
Modulation
Speech Decoding
DeShufling
DeInterleaving
Microphone
ADC
Channel
decooding
Deciphering
Demodulation
Channel
Is used to protect data
Ki+Rand A8 Kc
Decreases possibility of
distortion of consecitive
bits in radio channel
Cyclic and Convolutional
codes for error detection
and correction purpose
GMSK
GSM PHYSICAL LAYER
Fahreddin Sadkolu 11
Speech and Channel Coding
Linear Predictive Coding and Regular Pulse Extantion LPC/RPE Long Term Prediction-LTP
A
D
BPF
Speech
Encoder
Channel
Coding
A
D
LPF Speech
Decoder
Channel
Decoder
M
To Modulator
From Demodulator
0.3-3.4 kHz
f
s
=8kHz;
13 bits 104 kbs
Block Filters
1
2
3
4
Selection
Sequence with
maximal energy
1 5 . 37
2 6 . 38
3 7. 39
4 8. 40
Every 20 ms
160 samples
13kbs
22.8 kbs
Correlation
analysis
C(S
i
, S
i-k
)=max
= S
i
-S
i-k

S
i
Speech Encoder
Channel Encoder
Cyclic Coding
For error
detection
Convolutional
Coding for 1 bit
error correction
189
bits
456
bits
Reordering
Restructuring
Interliving
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GMSK MODULATION
Integrater
Gaussian
Filter
COS(c(t))
+
X
X
Cos 2fct
Sin 2f
c
t
C(t)
Sin(c(t))
m(t)
Q(t)
I(t)
d(t)
d
i
(t)
fct t Q fct t I t m + = 2 cos ) ( 2 sin ) ( ) (
)) ( sin( ) ( )); ( cos( ) ( t c t Q t c t I = =
Fahreddin Sadkolu 13
AUTHOINTICATION MS
DATA CIPHERING
MS
Network
Um Interface
A3 Algorithm
Rand
Ki
=?
SRES
SRES
Yes/No
A8
Rand
Ki
Kc
A5
MS
Data
Kc
A5
Kc
Data
Cipherd
Data
Network
Um
Interface
MS
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Convolutional Coding
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Functional Sequence of Basic Call Types
Mobile Originated Call (MOC) to the fixed network
Figure 4.16
1
VLR
2
PST
N
3
BTS/BSC/TRAU
MS
BSS
NSC
Calling subscriber
MSC
1
PSTN
Called
subscriber
PLMN
Before an MOC begins a location registration and with it an authentication must have taken place.The MS sends
the call setup information dialed by the mobile subcriber to the MSC (1). The MSC requests call information
from the VLR (mainly about any relevant restictions) concerning the mobile subscriber identified by the IMSI (2).
After assigning a traffic channel, the MSC then informs PSTN.
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Mobile Internal Call (MIC)
The MS1 sends the call setup information dialed by the mobile subscriber (MSISDN) to the MSC (1).
The MSC requests informaton about the calling mobile subscriber MS2 from the VLR (2). The MSC
uses the dialling information (MSISDN) to establish the HLR and sets up signalling connection to it (3).
The HLR sends a request to the VLR in whose area the called mobile subscriber MS2 is currently roaming (4).
The VLR sends the requested MSRN back to the HLR. The HLR forwards the MSRN to the MSC (5).
Steps (6) to (9) are the same as steps (6) to (9) in Figure 7.17.
3
VLR
4
8 9
MS1
Calling
subscriber
6 2
5
5
HLR
MSC
7 9 8
8
7
BTS/BSC/TRAU BTS/BSC/TRAU
Called
subscriber
BTS/BSC/TRAU
BSS
NSC
MS2
PLMN
1
1
1
Fahreddin Sadkolu 17
Mobile Terminating Call (MTC) From The Fixed Network
A call for mobile subscriber arrives at the GMSC (1). The GMSC uses the dialing information (MSISDN) to es
tablish the HLR and sets up a signaling connection to it (2). The HLR sends a requested VLR in whose area the called
subscriber is currently roaming (3). The VLR sends the requested MSRN back to the HLR. The HLR forwards the MSRN
to the GMSC (4). On the basis of the MSRN the GMSC sets up the connection request to the MSC, i.e. the MSC in
whose area the mobile subcriber is roaming at this point in time (5).
As the MSC does not know the mobile subscriber up to this point, the MSC requests the mobile subscriber
information for the call setup from ts VLR (6). The MS is now called by means of paging to all BTS/BSCs in the locaton
area, as the radio cell in which the MS is located is not known to the MSC (7). If there is a response to the paging, this
information is transmitted to the MSC (8). Finally the connection to the MS is set up (9).
Figure7.17 shows the call sequence of an MTC .
8 9
7
5
GMSC
MSC
VLR
VLR
6
4
4 3
1
2
BTS/BSC/TRAU BTS/BSC/TRAU
BTS/BSC/TRAU
7
7 9 8
7
MS
BSS
NSC
Called
subscriber
PLMN
Calling
subscriber