1

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF INORGANIC SALT

(Acidic Radicals)

PRILIMINARY TESTS
No. Test Observation Inference
Blue or bluish green Cu
+2
may be present
Light green Fe
+2
may be present
Dark brown Fe
+3
may be present
Green Ni
+2
may be present
Pink Co
+2
may be present
1. Colour
White Shows the absence of the above radicals
Ammonical smell NH
4
+
may be present 2. Odour
Vinegar like smell CH
3
COO
-
may be present
3. Deliquescence Salt absorbs moisture and becomes paste like. 1. If coloured, it may be Cu(NO
3
)
2
, FeCl
3
.
2. If colourless, it may be Zn(NO
3
)
2
,Chlorides of
Zn
+2
,Mg
+2
etc.

IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICALS (WET TESTS)
No. Test Observation Inference
Test for CO
3
-2
:
Salt + dil. H
2
SO
4
(2 ml)
Brisk effervescence (CO
2
gas)
Reaction:
CO
3
-2
+ H
2
SO
4
SO
4
-2
+ H
2
O + CO
2

CO
3
-2
may be present 1.
CT for CO
3
-2
Salt + dil. HCl
Observation:Brisk effervescence & evolution of CO
2
gas
Reaction: CO
3
-2
+ HCl Cl
-
+ H
2
O + CO
2
CO
3
-2
is confirmed
Colourless gas (HCl) with pungent smell, white fumes (of NH
4
Cl
(s)
)
with aqueous NH
4
OH. [HCl + NH
4
OH NH
4
Cl
(s)
+ H
2
O
(l)
]
Reaction:
Cl
-
+ H
2
SO
4
HCI
(g)
+ HSO
4
-
Cl
-
may be present
Reddish brown gas with pungent smell.
It does not turns FeSO
4
solution black.
Reactions:
Br
-
+ H
2
SO
4
HSO
4
-
+ HBr
2HBr + H
2
SO
4

Br
2(g)
+ SO
2(g)
+ 2H
2
O
Br
-
may be present.
Important Note: If no brown fumes are observed, add one Cu chip
and heat.
Reddish brown gas (NO
2
) with pungent odour, turns FeSO
4
solution
black.
Reactions:
NO
3
-
+ H
2
SO
4
HNO
3
+ HSO
4
-
4HNO
3
+ C
(paper pellet)
4NO
2
+ CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
(brown gas)
NO
3
-
may be present.
2. Test for Cl
-
, Br
-
& NO
3
-
:
Salt + conc. H
2
SO
4
(2 ml)
No gas / vapour evolved the above radicals are
absent.(go for independent
radical tests i.e.SO
4
-2
& PO
4
-3
)
2

CT for Cl
-

Salt + water + AgNO
3
solution (2-3 drops)
Observation: White ppt.is formed which is soluble in ammonium hydroxide
Reaction: Cl
-
+ AgNO
3
AgCl + NO
3
-
Cl
-
is confirmed.
CT for Br
-

Salt + water + AgNO
3
solution. (2-3 drops)
Observation: A light yellow ppt.( AgBr
(s)
) is obtained which is partially soluble in NH
4
OH
(aq)
.
Reaction: Br
-
(aq)
+ AgNO
3(aq)
AgBr + NO
3
-
(aq)
Br
-
is confirmed.
(light yellow ppt.)

CT for NO
3
-
1. Salt + Water + Diphenyl amine (5-7 drops)
Observation: Deep blue colouration.
Reaction: NO
3
-
+ H
2
SO
4
H
2
C
2
O
4
+ HSO
4
-
NO
3
-
is confirmed.
2. Ring test: Salt + water + FeSO
4
solution (1ml -freshly prepared) + few drops of conc.H
2
SO
4
along the side of the test-tube.
Observation:
Formation of brown ring at the junction of two liquids
Reaction:
NO
3
-
+ H
2
SO
4
HSO
4
-
+ HNO
3
6FeSO
4
+ 3 H
2
SO
4
3Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 4H
2
O + 2NO
FeSO
4
+ NO + 5H
2
O [Fe(NO)( H
2
O)
5
]SO
4
NO
3
-
is confirmed.
(Brown ring)
2. Test for SO
4
-2
:Salt +
water + BaCl
2(aq)
White ppt.( BaSO
4
) insoluble in dil. HCl
Reactions:
SO
4
-2
+ BaCl
2
BaSO
4
+ Cl
-
SO
4
-2
may be present

CT for SO
4
-2
:
Lead Acetate test: Salt + Water + (CH
3
COO)
2
Pb
(aq)

Observation: White ppt. of PbSO
4
Reaction: SO4
-2
+ (CH
3
COO)
2
Pb
(aq)


PbSO
4
+ CH
3
COO
-
SO
4
-2
is confirmed
4 Test for PO
4
-3
(as well
as CT):
Ammo. Molybdate test
Salt + water + conc.
HNO
3
+ boil +
Ammonium Molybdate
(excess) + boil
Deep yellow ppt
Reactions:
PO
4
-3
+ 3(NH
4
)
2
MoO
4
+ HNO
3
+ H
2
O (NH
4
)
3
PO
4
.12MoO
3
.6H
2
O

(amm. Phosphate molybdate yellow ppt)
PO
4
-3
is confirmed

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