FABRIC

SCIENCE
Fabric finishes

Shalu kumari
BFT/18/356
Calendaring

Calendaring
is a mechanical finishing process
 used on cloth where fabric is folded
in half and passed under rollers at
high temperatures and pressures.
Calendaring is used on fabrics such
as moire to produce its watered
effect and also on cambric and
some types of sateens.
Water
repellant

Water repellent is a state

characterized by the non-spreading
of water globules on
a textile material. This term is not
normally applied to a water-
repellent finish impervious to air.
This is generally referred to as water
proof. It is generally done by
treated fabric with fat, wax, rubber
etc.
Sand
blasting

It is a mechanical process of creating

fading affect/old looking affect on
heavy garments like denim, canvas,
twill, sometimes corduroy by the
action of aluminum oxide which looks
like sand. For this reason this process
termed as “Sand blasting”.
Plisse

Plisse means to crease, to fold or to

pleat. It refers to an intentionally
wrinkled, pleated,or puckered fabric.
The word can either be used to
denote the finish of the fabric or the
fabric itself. Plisse finish on the
fabric can be either temporary or
permanent.
Mercerisation

Mercerisation is a textile finishing

 treatment for cellulose fabric and 
yarn, mainly cotton and flax, which
improves dye uptake and 
tear strength, reduces 
fabric shrinkage, and imparts a silk-
like luster.
Moth proofing

Moth Proofing: “Moth proofing is

a finishing which is given to prevent
the growth of moth. It is a chemical
and property giving finish. It is
mainly carried out on wool fabrics as
the keratin molecules are consumed
by moths as food. Also known as anti
bacterial finish, antiseptic finish.
Sanforizing

Sanforizing is a controlled
compressive shrinkage process,
which is applied on fabric to
achieve shrinkage before making
the garments. It is a mechanical
finishing process of
treating textile fabrics to prevent
the normal dimensional alternation
of warp and weft.
Bleaching

A process of whitening fibres or
fabrics or depriving a colored
material. This is brought about by
using various bleaching-agents.
Generally chlorine is used for
cotton and other vegetable fibres
and peroxide and sulphur dioxide
for animal fibres.
Napping

Napping is a raised surface on

a textile that is a result of brushing
loose staple fibers out of
the fabric structure. ...
The nap makes the fabric feel softer
and traps air that serves as
insulation. The nap is typically
brushed in one direction on fabrics
such as corduroy, velvet, velveteen,
and flannel.
Acid wash

During Acid wash, pumic stones are

used. By the action of pumic stones,
irregular fading affect is developed on
the heavy garments like denims, thick
canvas/twill, and sweater. The pumic
stones act a brushing action on the
garment fabric surface.
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