A Comparative Study of IEC 76 and ANSI C57.

12 on
Transformers
John . John! Member, IEEE
Su"has Sar#ar! Senior Member, IEEE
Abstract- This paper presents a "rief $omparison of ma%or parameters &i#e servi$e $onditions!
$ate'ories! impedan$e! temperature rises! to&eran$e! die&e$tri$ insu&ation &eve&s! test re(uirements et$ of
transformers in IEC 76 and IEEE)ANSI C57.The understandin' of IEC 76 is important for the
transformer mar#et outside *SA as most of the ne+ mar#et are &oo#in' for transformers $onformin' to
IEC spe$ifi$ation. An attempt is made in this paper to have a (ui$# understandin' of important te$hni$a&
parameters of transformers per IEC 76! in $omparison +ith IEEE)ANSI C57. C&ause num"ers in "oth
spe$ifi$ations are mentioned a'ainst the parameters for easy referen$e for the readers. ,e$ause of the
vo&ume of the standards and detai&s in$&uded in individua& se$tions! it is diffi$u&t to $over a detai&ed
$omparison in a te$hni$a& paper. -n&y ma%or parameters +hi$h are $ommon&y en$ountered in in(uiry!
order! manufa$turin'! and of testin' of po+er transformers are $overed in this paper.
Introduction
A vision of ne.t $entury "rin's into fo$us the e.pandin' hori/ons &eadin' to '&o"a&i/ation. T+o of the
ma%or standards for transformers are the ANSI)IEEE and the IEC. Efforts are 'oin' on at various &eve&s to
harmoni/e them. This paper intends to add to the efforts "y "rin'in' out a $omparison of IEC and ANSI
standards ! +hi$h is presented in a ta"u&ar form. The main emphasis is 'iven for &i(uid fi&&ed
transformers. 0o+ever! +herever separate $&auses are avai&a"&e! detai&s have "een provided for dry1type .
The ANSI)IEEE standards and the IEC standards on transformers are very e&a"orate and hen$e! it is not
the intention in this paper to e&a"orate a&& the te$hni$a& parameters. 2ost important parameters are
"rou'ht out and the $&ause num"ers in "oth standards are 'iven for reader3s referen$e. 4herever possi"&e
"rief des$ription of the parameters as +e&& as remar#s for $omparison a&so are added. The system
vo&ta'es! ,I5s et$ are different in the t+o standards and this resu&ts in a num"er of re&ated $han'es in the
determination of test &eve&s and $omponent se&e$tion. This paper +i&& "e of interest to those +ho are
&oo#in' for a (ui$# $omparison of the standards! +ithout 'oin' into mu$h detai&s. A&so it is intended as a
referen$e for the different $&auses in "oth ANSI)IEEE and IEC.
Standards
IEC ANSI)IEEE
6E2A6S
7eatures
1. *sua& Servi$e Conditions
1.1 A&titude
1.2 Temperature of
Am"ient Air and Coo&in'
2edium
1.2.1 7or +ater $oo&ed
1.2.2 7or air $oo&ed air temp.
1.8 Supp&y 9o&ta'e
1.: 5oad Current
1.5 Step1;o+n -peration
IEC 7611
C&ause 1.2.1
A hei'ht a"ove sea
&eve& not e.$eedin'
1<<<m =88<< ft>
Not e.$eedin' 25
o
C
at in&et
Not a"ove :<
o
C not
"e&o+ 125
o
C
7urther &imitations
per IEC 7612 for
oi&1immersed
transformers and
IEC 726 for dry type
transformers.
Appro.. sinusoida&
and symmetri$a&
5? Tota& harmoni$
$ontent!1?even
harmoni$ $ontent.
1
C57.12.<11 ;ry Type
Trfs. =In$&udin' those +ith
$ast and resin en$apsu&ated>
C&ause :.1
C57.12.<<1 5i(uid
Immersed
Trfs. C&ause :.1
The a&titude sha&& not e.$eed
88<< ft =1<<< m>
Sha&& not e.$eed 8<
o
C and
the avera'e temp. of $oo&in'
+ater sha&& not e.$eed 25
o
C
for any 2: hour period.
2inimum +ater temp. sha&&
not "e &o+er than 1
o
C
un&ess the $oo&in' +ater
in$&udes anti1free/e suita"&e
for 12<
o
C operation.
Not e.$eedin' :<
o
C
and the avera'e temperature
of $oo&in' air for any 2: h
period sha&& not e.$eed
8<
o
C.
Top &i(uid temperature of
transformer =+hen
operatin'>
sha&& not "e &o+er than
2<
o
C.
The min. am"ient
temp.sha&& not "e &o+er
than18<
o
C for dry type units
Appro.. sinusoida&
and symmetri$a&
5? 0armoni$ fa$tor
Trfs sha&& "e for step do+n
operation ! un&ess other+ise
spe$ified
Servi$e
$onditions
spe$ified in
"oth stds are
$ompara"&e
Standards
7eatures
IEC ANSI)IEEE 6E2A6S
2 *nusua& Servi$e Conditions IEC 7611
C&ause 1.2.2
C57.12.<11 C&ause :.2
C57.12.<<1 C&ause :.8
2.1 *nusua& 5oadin'
2.2 *nusua& A&titude
2.8 -peration a"ove rated
vo&ta'e
8. Cate'ories of transformers
8.1 9A ,asis
CAT 1
CAT 2
CAT 8
CAT :
8.2 9o&ta'e ,asis
:. 6atin's
9A
IEC 7612
C&ause :.:
If e.$eeds 1<<<2
=88<<ft> 5imit of
temp1rise per $&ause
:.8 of IEC 7612
E.terna& insu&ation at
hi'h a&titude per IEC
7618 and 761811 for
oi& trf. and IEC 726
for dry type.
Shou&d de&iver
rated $urrent at an
app&ied vo&ta'e e(ua&
to 1<5? of rated
vo&ta'e
C&ause 1.2.1.1 of
IEC 7615
*p to 815< 9A
81511:<<<< 9A
A"ove:<<<< 9A
1
There is no
$ate'ori/ed "asis in
IEC.
C&ause :.1 of IEC
7611
0i'hest 9A is the
rated 9A of a trfr
C57.@6 for dry type
C57.@1 and @2 for oi& type
A&titude $orre$tion fa$tor for
die&e$tri$ stren'th
ta"&e 1 of C57.12.<1
C57.12.<<
;e&iver rated output at 5?
a"ove rated se$ondary vo&ta'e
or vo&ts)0/ +ithout e.$eedin'
temp. rise.
-perate 1<? a"ove rated
se$ondary vo&ta'e or vo&ts)0/
at no &oad +ithout e.$eedin'
temp. rise.
C&ause 12.1 C57.12.@< A 12.@1
1 phase 8 phase
115<< 9A 1515<<9A
5<111667 5<115<<<
166B11<<<< 5<<118<<<<
A"ove 1<<<< A"ove 8<<<<
=5i(uid type>
C&ause 5.1< C57.12.<<
5i(uid type
C&ass 1 po+er transformer
6@ 9 and "e&o+
C&ass 2 po+er transformer
115 9 thru 765 9
C&ause 5.: of C57.12.<<!
C57.12.<1
Severa& rated 9A
,oth stds same
Standards
7eatures
IEC ANSI)IEEE 6E2A6S

9A
Impedan$e and &oad
&osses at top ratin'
IEC 7611
C&ause :.1
Input po+er at rated
primary vo&ta'e
Impedan$e and &oad &osses at "ase ratin'
C57.12.<<1 C&ause 5.:
C57112.<1
-utput po+er at rated se$ondary vo&ta'e
-ver1e.$itation
5. Impedan$e
IEC 7611
C&ause :.:
5? at fu&& &oad
Ta"&e1 of IEC 7615
6ated 9A ?
*p to 68< :.<
6811125< 5.<
12511815< 6.25
8151168<< 7.15
68<11125<< B.85
125<1125<<< 1<.<
25<<112<<<<< 12.5
.
C57.12.<<! C57.12.<1
C&ause :.1.6
5? at fu&& &oad
1<? at no &oad
A> ;ry type
Ta"&e :.C57.12.51 1@B1
09 ,I5 59 9-5TACE
9 D 6<< 9 E2:<<
D 6< 5.75 5.75
E 6< ,y dis$ussion
"et+een user and
manufa$turer

,> -i& 7i&&ed
Ta"&e 1<! C57.12.1<
4ithout 5TC 4ith 5TC
09 59 59 2:<< 59
2:<<and
,I5 :2<9 and a"ove a"ove
6<111< 5.75 5.5 111
15< 6.75 6.5 7.<
2<< 7.25 7.< 7.5
25< 7.75 7.5 B.<
85< 11111 B.< B.5
:5< 11111 B.5 @.<
55< 11111 @.< @.5
65< 11111 @.5 1<.<
75< 11111 1<.< 1<.5
F 7or transformers E 5<<< 9A se&f $oo&ed!
these sha&& "e same as those for 15< ,I5.

In IEC typi$a&
impedan$e va&ues are
spe$ified "ased on
9A ratin'
ANSI has
$ate'ori/ed the
fi'ures "ased on 09
,I5! 59 9o&ta'e and
+hether it is +ith or
+ithout 5TC
Standards
7eatures
IEC ANSI)IEEE 6E2A6S
6. Temperature 6ise
6.1 Identifi$ation Sym"o&
6.1.1 ;ry Type
9enti&ated se&f1$oo&ed
9enti&ated for$ed1air1
$oo&ed
IEC 726! C&ause @.1
AN
A7
C57. 12.<1
C&ause 5.1
AA
A7A
9enti&ated se&f 1$oo&ed)
for$ed1air1$oo&ed
Nonventi&ated se&f 1
$oo&ed
Sea&ed se&f1$oo&ed
Sea&ed for$ed1$oo&ed
6.1.2 5i(uid Immersed
Se&f Coo&ed
Se&f1$oo&ed) for$ed air1
$oo&ed
Se&f1$oo&ed) for$ed air1
$oo&ed) for$ed &i(uid1
$oo&ed
ANA7
ANAN
CNAN
CNA7
IEC 7612 C&ause 8
7our1&etter $ode as
des$ri"ed in this
$&ause. E.amp&esG
-NAN
-NAN)-NA7
-NAN)-NA7)-7A7
AA)7A
AN9
CA
C57.12.<<
C&ause 5.1
-A
-A)7A
-A)7A)7-A
IEC has no spe$ifi$ sym"o& for sea&ed se&f
$oo&ed type.

IEC has sym"o&s for other $oo&in' media a&soA
refer to 7612! C&ause 8.
Standards
7eatures
IEC ANSI)IEEE 6E2A6S
6.2 Temperature1 6ise
5imits
6.2.1 ;ry Type
6.2.1.1 4d'. Temp.
6ise "y 6esistan$e in
o
C.
Ta"&e I9 IEC 726

Temp. $&ass 2a..
of insu&ation temp.
rise of +d'.

A=1<5> 6<
E=12<> 75
,=18<> B<
Ta"&e :a! C57.12.<1
Temp. of Avera'e +d'.
Insu. System temp.
rise
18< 6<
6.2.1.2 Core and Harts
6.2.2 5i(uid Type
6.2.2.1 Avera'e 4d'.
Temp. 6ise in
o
C.
6.2.2.2 Top -i& 6ise
o
C.
6.2.2.8 Core and Harts
7=155> 1<<
0=1B5> 125
C=22<> 15<
Sha&& not rea$h a va&ue
that +i&& dama'e $ore and
other parts.

IEC 7612 $&ause :.2
Natura& or for$ed non1
dire$ted oi& $ir$u&ationG 65
7or$ed and dire$ted oi&
$ir$u&ationG 7<
6<

Sha&& not rea$h a va&ue
that +i&& dama'e ad%a$ent
parts or undue a'in' of oi&.
15< B<
1B5 115
2<< 18<
22< 15<
5ess than va&ues that +ou&d
impair the fun$tiona&
$apa"i&ity.
C&ause 5.11! C57.12.<<
65
=B< ma.. 0ottest1spot temp.
rise.>
65
Sha&& not attain e.$essive
temp. rises at ma.imum
rated &oad.
ANSI Spe$ifies oi& temp. rise
same as that of +indin'.
Standards
7eatures
IEC ANSI)IEEE 6E2A6S
7. To&eran$es
7.1 9o&ta'e ratio
7.2 Impedan$e
2 4d'.
8 4d'. -r
more.
Ta"&e 1 of IEC 7611
5o+er of a> I<.5?
of de$&ared ratio.
"> I 1)1< of the
a$tua& per$enta'e
impedan$e on the
prin$ipa& tappin'.
,oth oi& and dry type.
I 7.5? +hen the
impedan$e is E 1<?
I 1<? +hen the
impedan$e is D 1<?
I 1<? for one
spe$ified pair
I 15? for se$ond
C&ause @.<! C57.12.<<
C57.12.<1
I <.5?
;ry type -i& fi&&ed
I 7.5? 7.5? if
IJ? E2.5
1<? if
IJ? D2.5
I 1<? I 1<?
,oth ST;3s the same.
IEC is more s&a$# than ANSI.
Auto Trf.
7.8 5osses
No &oad
5oad

Tota& &osses

7.: No &oad $urrent
spe$ified pair.
I 1<? on prin$ipa&
tappin'.
I 15? on any other
tappin'.
A&& units

I 15?! provided
to&eran$e for tota&
&oss is not e.$eeded.
Same as no &oad
I1<?
FApp&i$a"&e for
$omponent &osses.

I8<?
I 1<? I 1<?
No. of units in one order
1 2 or more
ea$h av'.
unit
I 1< I1< <
I6? I6? <
ANSI is si&ent on this.
IEC is more s&a$# than ANSI.
Standards
7eatures
IEC ANSI)IEEE 6E2A6S
B. ;ie&e$tri$ insu&ation
&eve&.
B.1 5i'htnin' impu&se
and Ho+er 7re(uen$y
Test 5eve&.
B.2 S+it$hin' sur'e test
&eve&s.
B.8 E.terna& $&earan$es
in air.
@. Tests
@.1 6outine Tests
IEC 7618 Ta"&es
2!8!: and 5

7618 Ta"&e 5
761811
7611! $&ause 1<.1.1

C57.12.<< Ta"&e
8!: and 5


C57.12.<< Ta"&e
5
C57.12.<< Ta"&e
2
C57.12.<< Ta"&e
16
C57.12.<1 Ta"&e
7
.
,oth standards are simi&ar. Cenera&&y IEC
&eve&s are &o+er for severa& vo&ta'e $&asses.


ANSI starts at 115 9 and typi$a&&y hi'her than
IEC. IEC starts at 8<< 9.

,oth standards are simi&ar.
6esistan$e! impedan$e and &oad &oss
measurement are not routine tests for
5<<9A or sma&&er per ANSI.
5i'htnin' Impu&se test is routine for $&ass 2
po+er transformer per ANSI.
@.2 ;esi'n)Type tests
@.8 Spe$ia& tests
7611! $&ause 1<.1.2
7611! $&ause 1<.1.8
C57.12.<< Ta"&e
16
C57.12.<1 Ta"&e
7
C57.12.<< Ta"&e
16
C57.12.<1 Ta"&e
7
6esistan$e! Impedan$e and &oad &oss
measurement are desi'n tests for 5<< 9A
or sma&&er! per ANSI.
Sound &eve& is a spe$ia& test per IEC.
Standards
7eatures
IEC ANSI)IEEE 6E2A6S
1<. Conne$tion and
phase disp&a$ement
sym"o&s
11. 6atin' p&ates
information.
12. A$$essories
C&ause 6! IEC 7611
Anne.. ;! IEC 7611

C&ause 7! IEC 7611


IEC 76 doesn3t
$ontain a &ist of
standard a$$essories.
7i'1! C57.12.<<
C57.12.<1
Ta"&e @!C57.12.<<
Ta"&e 5! C57.12.<1
Ta"&e 11! C57.12.1<
Conclusion
The study $on$&udes that there is not mu$h differen$e in the spe$ifi$ation for the a$tive
parts of the transformer i.e. $ore and $oi&. 2inor differen$es are there in the $ase of testin'
and to&eran$es. 2a%or differen$es are in the a$$essories! +hi$h are not $overed in detai& in
this paper. 2any me$hani$a& detai&s are +e&& $overed in ANSI! +hereas there may not "e
ade(uate referen$es to many su$h detai&s in IEC. ANSI)IEEE in$&udes more tutoria& )
edu$ationa& te.ts and hen$e is more user oriented. IEC3S &atest versions in$&ude more
detai&s "ut sti&& it &eaves many detai&s to mutua& a'reements "et+een manufa$turer and
user.
The authors a$#no+&ed'e that in order to &imit the si/e of the paper they
$ou&d not in$&ude a&& the detai&s for a $omprehensive $omparison of the t+o standards.
Authors p&an to +or# on a more detai&ed $omparative study in future. The proposed study
+i&& in$&ude spe$ia& areas &i#e testin' pro$edure $omparisons! spe$ia& duty transformers
et$. in addition to e&a"oration of different parameters a&ready $overed in this paper.
Acknowledgment
The authors than# the mana'ement of 9ir'inia Transformer Corp. for 'ivin' the
permission to pu"&ish this +or#! +hi$h +as ori'ina&&y prepared as an in1house trainin'
do$ument.
Biographies (updated 01)
John ! John o"tained his ,.S de'ree in E&e$tri$a& En'ineerin' +ith 0onors from
era&a *niversity! India in 1@7:. 0e has more than 28 years e.perien$e in transformer
desi'n and manufa$turin'. 0e is +or#in' +ith 9ir'inia Transformer Corp. in 6oano#e!
9ir'inia sin$e 1@@8 and is present&y ho&din' the position of Te$hni$a& 2ana'er. 0e is
mem"er IEEE and a Chartered En'ineer in India.
"ubhas "arkar o"tained his ,SEE de'ree from 6e'iona& En'' $o&&e'e! ;ur'apur! India
in 1@66 and 2.TEC0 de'ree from Indian Institute of Te$hno&o'y! hara'pur in 1@6B. 0e
has near&y thirty years of e.perien$e! most&y in the area of transformer desi'n and
manufa$turin'. 0e had a "rief stint in tea$hin'. 0e has authored t+o "oo#s on
e&e$troni$ devi$es and $ir$uits! and has pu"&ished near&y t+enty papers.
0e is +or#in' +ith 9ir'inia Transformer Corp. sin$e 1@@2 and is present&y
ho&din' the position of ;ire$tor of En'ineerin'. 0e is senior mem"er of IEEE sin$e 1@@8.
0e is a re'istered Hrofessiona& En'ineer in the state of 9ir'inia.