Anencyclopediaofjapanesehistorychrisspackman 131103075132 Phpapp02

An Encyclopedia of Japanese History
compiled by Chris Spackman

Copyright Notice
Copyright 2002-2004 Chris Spackman and contributors
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
terms of the G! "ree #ocumentation $icense, %ersion &'& or any (ater )ersion
pub(ished by the "ree Soft*are "oundation+ *ith no ,n)ariant Sections, *ith no
"ront-Co)er -e.ts, and *ith no /ack-Co)er -e.ts' 0 copy of the (icense is inc(uded
in the section entit(ed 1G! "ree #ocumentation $icense'2
Table of Contents
Frontmatter........................................................... ......................................5
Abe Family (Mikawa) Azukizaka, attle o! ("5#$)..................................""
aba Family uzen %ro&ince............................................... ..................'(
Chang )*o+lin Currency............................................... ..........................$5
,ai-o Ma*a*hige ,utch .earning..................................... .....................(5
/chigo %ro&ince /t0 1hinpei................................................................ ..(2
Femini*m Fuwa Mit*uharu................................................... ..................2'
3am0 4i-eyuki 3yoki................................................. ...........................22
4abu 5o*hiharu 4y6ga %ro&ince............................................... ............77
8baraki Ca*tle 8zu %ro&ince..................................................................""2
9apan Communi*t %arty 9urakutei Ca*tle............................................"'5
:aei :y6*h6 Campaign........................................ ..............................."'7
.an*ing, ;obert .ytton.......................................................... ..............."(2
MacArthur, ,ougla* Mut*u %ro&ince................................................... ."(2
Nabeyama 1a-achika Nunobeyama, attle o!................................. ....<=5
>an ?zu 5a*u@iro............................................. ....................................<<<
%aci!ic Aar %ri&y Council.................................................... .................<'#
(BC No /ntrie*).................................................................... ....................<'2
;angaku ;y6ky6 %ro&ince........................................................ ...........<'2
1a-o %ro&ince 1uzuki Denk0.................................................. .............<$<
)achibana Mune*hige )wenty+?ne ,eman-*.....................................<("
Echi-a ;yohei Ezen %ro&ince.............................................................<72
(FC No entrie*)................................................................................. ........'=<
Aa-o %ro&ince Aitte, 1ergei................................. ..............................'=<
(GC No entrie*)................................................................................. ........'=5
5amagata Aritomo 56ryaku+tenn0.................................................. .....'=5
Daibat*u Deami.................................................... ................................'""
Chronological .i*t o! /mperor*............................................ ...................'"'
%rime Mini*ter*, "225 to %re*ent........................................ ....................'"(
Alphabetical .i*t o! the %re!ecture*........................................................ .'<=
%ro&ince* an- Corre*pon-ing %re!ecture*...................................... ........'<<
Chronological .i*t o! Neng0.......................................................... ..........'<5
.i*t o! the 1h0gun....................................................................... ............'''
3NE Free ,ocumentation .icen*e.........................................................''5
3
4
Frontmatter
Frontmatter
Credits
-he fo((o*ing peop(e ha)e contributed to this encyc(opedia3
Car( "' 4e((ey
Seige of 4o5uki entry
6' G' Shefta(( 7shefta(( at ia'inf'shi5uoka'ac'8p9
,mperia( 6ay "action entry
"ebruary 2:th ;e)o(t entry
6ikipedia 7***'*ikipedia'org9
Se)era( pages are inc(uded 7and possib(y modified9 from the content a)ai(ab(e at
***'*ikipedia'org' -hese inc(ude3
4ofun, 4otoamatsukami, <ei8i, agasaki, /ombing of, agasaki City, Sengoku Period,
Sino-=apanese 6ar 7&>?4-&>?@9, -okuga*a ,eyasu, , engo,
History
-his encyc(opedia started as a *eb site back in &??>' 0s , added more and more pages, the
(imitations of htm( for a (arge pro8ect began to sho*, so in (ate 2000 , s*itched e)erything
o)er to $a-eA' 6ith the 0'B'B re(ease, the format has again changed C this time to the
DpenDffice'org A<$-based format'
-his *ork *as origina((y pub(ished under the Dpen Content $icense but , repub(ished it un-
der the G! "ree #ocumentation $icense in <arch 200&' P(ease see the copyright section
and the G! $icense at the back of the book for more detai(s'
0.3.2
-his encyc(opedia no* has three entries, pro)ided by t*o ne* contributors' EeahF -remen-
dous thanks to Car( "' 4e((ey and 6' G' Shefta((' See the Credits section for more info'
,G)e added basic info on a(( of the o(d pro)inces and dates for a (ot of entries, especia((y
many of the emperors'
$ots of other good stuff' See the section Changes for a comp(ete (ist of a(( the fi(es that ha)e
changed bet*een 0'B'& and 0'B'2'
About
P(ease direct Huestions, bug reports 7factua( mistakes in the te.t, for e.amp(e9, or sugges-
tions concerning this *ork to Chris Spackman 7spackmanIopenhistory'org9' P(ease specify
*hich )ersion of the *ork you are using' -he ne*est )ersion *i(( a(*ays be a)ai(ab(e at
***'openhistory'org'
-his encyc(opedia is continua((y under de)e(opment and anyone is *e(come to contribute'
5
4i*tory
Note on Dates (Important! lease !"AD THI#!!$
Some of the sources from *hich this encyc(opedia is compi(ed are =apanese and use
=apanese dates for e)ents' !nfortunate(y, the =apanese used a (ess-than-perfect (unar ca(en-
dar unti( the &>J0s' 0s a resu(t, the dates (isted for e)ents from more than about &B0 years
ago can seem mis(eading *hen compared *ith dates for the same e)ent from an 0merican
or other K6esternG source' So, for e.amp(e, /ryant 7and probab(y e)eryone e(se in 0merica9
(ists the /att(e of Sekigahara as taking p(ace in Dctober *hi(e =apanese sources say that it
took p(ace in September' ,n time , hope to ha)e both dates (isted, but that is not going to
happen soon'
0s a con)enience, , ha)e con)erted phrases (ike 1fifth day of the second month2 to 1@
"ebruaryGG'
#our%es
Current(y, , ha)e compi(ed this encyc(opedia most(y from3
=anet LunterGs Encyclopedia of Modern History MhunterN&?>4O for peop(e and e)ents from
modern history'
Stephen -urnbu((Gs Samurai Sourcebook Mturnbu((N&??>O for the Sengoku Period and samu-
rai in genera('
-he Samurai 0rchi)es homepage at3 http3//***'ange(fire'com/rea(m/kitsuno0&/inde.'htm(
0 great site *ith (ots of information about samurai and the Sengoku Period'
P' PapinotGs Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan MpapinotN&?J2O is a bit dated
but has *onderfu((y detai(ed information on topics that tend to get ignored these days'
6ikipedia3
<ost if not a(( of the data for prefecture entries is from oritaka EagasakiGs =apan3 Geo-
graphica( Perspecti)es on an ,s(and ation MyagasakiN&??JO'
-here are se)era( )ery he(pfu( tab(es at the back of New Nelson's Kani Encyclopedia, *hich
, ha)e used to doub(e and trip(e check a (ot of the data about nengo and emperors'
-his is not meant to be a comprehensi)e (ist'
C&an'es
0.3.2 to 0.3.3
0side from changing the *ho(e thing to DpenDffice'org / Star MDffice Q SuiteO format and
adding a *ho(e (ot of hyper(inks, the fo((o*ing entries *ere added or modified'
C&an'ed(
0be ,so, 0be obuyuki, 0dachi 4en5o, 0narchism, 0rahata 4anson, 0raki Sadao, 0sano
Shoichiro, 0shida Litoshi, 0shikaga -akau8i
Constitution of &?4:, Currency
#e8ima
Gomi5uno-tenno, Goto Shinpei, Goto Sho8iro
6
4i*tory
Lamaguchi Dsachi, Lara 4ei, Latoyama ,chiro, Layashi Sen8uro, Layashi -adasu, Liranu-
ma 4iichiro, Lirota 4oki, Losoka*a 0kiu8i, Losoka*a =o5en, Losoka*a 4atsumoto, Lotta
<asatoshi
,hara Saikaku, ,noue =unnosuke, ,noue 4aoru, ,noue 4o*ashi, ,nukai -suyoshi, ,shida <it-
sunari, ,shiyama Longan-8i, ,tagaki -aisuke, ,to Lirobumi, ,*akura -omomi
4ataoka 4enkichi, 4atayama Sen, 4atayama -etsu, 4ato Liroyuki, 4ato -akaaki, 4ato -o-
mosaburo, 4atsura -aro, 4enrokuen, 4ido 4oichi, 4ido 4oin, 4iyoura 4eigo,
4obayaka*a -akakage, 4odama Gentaro, 4oiso 4uniaki, 4okaku-tenno, 4oken-tenno,
4omei-tenno, 4omura =utaro, 4onoe "umimaro, 4onoe-tenno, 4otoku-tenno, 4uroda 4iy-
otaka
<achida Chu8i, <akino obuaki, <atsudaira Sadanobu, <atsuda <asahisa, <atsukata
<asayoshi, <atsukura Cast(e, <eisho-tenno, <ori Eoshiro, <urakami-tenno, <utsu
<unemitsu
agasaki /ombing of, agasaki City, aito "ami(y <ika*a, aito "ami(y -amba, aito
Gen5aemon, aito <asanaga, aito obunari, aito -adakatsu, aito Eukiyasu, i8o-ten-
no, inko-tenno, innan, inna, ishio Suehiro, oda Cast(e, ogi <aresuke
Dbuchi 4ei5o, Dgata -aketora, Dgyu Sorai, Dhara <agosaburo, Dkada 4eisuke, Dkina*a
prefecture, Dki -akato, Dkudaira Sadamasa, Dkuma Shigenobu, Dyama ,*ao
;eigen-tenno, ;ei5ei-tenno, ;ennyo, ;oku8o-tenno
Saigo -sugumichi, Saion8i 4inmochi, Saito <akoto, Sato Pisaku, Shidehara 4i8uro,
Shigemitsu <amoru, Shotoku-tenno, Su5uki 4antaro
-akahashi 4orekiyo, -anaka Giichi, -erauchi <asatake, -okuga*a ,emitsu, -okuga*a
,emoto, -okuga*a ,enobu, -okuga*a ,eshige, -okuga*a ,etsugu, -okuga*a ,etsuna,
-okuga*a ,eyasu, -okuga*a 4eiki
Ne)(
0be Genki, 0be Eoshishige, 0bo 4iyoka5u, 0ika*a 4atsuroku, 0kita 4iyoshi, 0mano
-eiyu, 0materasu, 0nami 4orechika, 0ndo 4isaburo, 0oki 4a5uo, 0oki Shu5o, 0oki
-akayoshi, 0rai 4entaro, 0rimatsu Liroshi, 0rima Eoriyasu, 0rita Lachiro
/aba Piichi
#aito Gitetsu, #en 4en8iro
Pgi -asuku, Pndo ;yusaku, Pnomoto -akeaki,
"i)e Charter Dath, "u8ihara Gin8iro, "u8ii Sanenobu, "u8imura Eoshiro, "u8inuma Shohei,
"u8isa*a ikunosuke, "unada 4yo8i, "unada aka, "uruhata -okuya
Godo -akuo, Goto "umio,
Lashida 4unihiko, Latta Eoshiaki, Layami Sei8i, Layashi =o8i, Lirata -osuke, Liroka*a
4o5en, Lirose Lisatada, Litotsubashi 4eiki, Litotsubashi Eoshinobu, Litotsumatsu Sa-
dayoshi, Lorikiri Ren8iro, Loshino aoki
,chiki 4itokuro, ishi*ata Sotaro, i5umiyama Sanroku
4abayama Sukenori, 4ataoka aoharu, 4atsuta 4a5ue, 4a*asaki -akukichi, 4imi Ga Eo,
4imura 4o5aemon, 4imura -okutaro, 4obiyama aoto, 4odama Lideo, 4ofun, 4omuchi
7
4i*tory
-omotsune, 4otoamatsukami, 4urusu -akeo, <aeda Eone5o, <atsumoto =o8i, <atsumura
4en5o
<ei8i Pra, <inami Liroshi, <itsuchi Chu5o, <i5uno ;entaro, <ochi5uke 4eisuke, <otoda
La8ime, <urase aokai, <urata Sho5o
agai ;yutaro, akahashi -okugoro, aka8ima Chikuhei, arahashi 6ataru, ichiro Sen-
so, isshin Senso, oda uichi, oda utaro
Dhara aoshi, Dkada ;yohei, Dkano 4ei8iro, Dki Pnkichi, Dkuda Eoshindo, Dura 4ane-
take
;eischauer Pd*in D
Saito -akao, Sakurauchi Eukio, Sasamori =un5o, Sengoku <itsugu, Sengoku period, Shiba-
ta 4amon, Shimada -oshio, Shiono Suehiko, Sino-=apanese 6ar &>?4-&>?@, Sone 0rasuke,
Suematsu 4encho, Sugiyama Gen, Su5uki 4isaburo, Su5uki -eiichi, Su5uki Eoshio
-akano Choei, -akarabe -akeshi, -akashima -omonosuke, -akayanagi ;yunosuke, -akeda
Giichi, -aketomi -okitoshi, -anabe Larumichi, -okuga*a Eoshinobu, -reaty of Shi-
monoseki
Also(
modified -rip(e ,nter)ention
added Eard(ey, Lerbert D', his book !he #merican $lack %hamber, and 0merican /(ack
Chamber'
added 6ashington a)a( Conference and the re(ated "our-Po*ers -reaty, "i)e-Po*ers
-reaty, and ine-Po*ers -reaty
added Crypto(ogy
added 4o*a(e*ski, =an
added Shiko
added /akumatsu
modified 0be "ami(y 7<ika*a9
modified se)era( of the appendi. tab(es to be more consistent *ith each other
s(ight(y modified Sengoku Period and Snin 6ar
added GodT -akuo
modified #aimyT
modified -okuga*a ,eyasu
added an entry for engT
8
4i*tory
7this page intentiona((y (eft b(ank9
Abe Family (Mikawa) Azukizaka, attle o! ("5#$)

Abe Family (*i+a)a$ , A-u+i-a+a. /attle of (0123$
Abe Family (*i+a)a$
#escended from Shiko 7pg 22@9, a son of 4Tgen-tennT 7pg &:09'
0be <asakatsu U 0be <asatsugu
Abe Family (*utsu$
Abe Family (#uru'a$
Abe Hirafu
0be Lirafu *as a go)ernor of 4oshi' Le fought against the aborigina( inhabi-
tants of =apan 7ca((ed, at that time, ebisu, *hich basica((y 8ust means GbarbarianG9'
-his *as in :@>' -hree years (ater, in ::&, he (ed an e.pedition into 4orea to
he(p 4udara, a =apanese co(ony / protectorate / a((y on the 4orean peninsu(a'
ote that the ear(y dates on this info means that e)erything is suspect 7more
than usua(9 and shou(d be doub(e and trip(e checked'
0be Lirafu might be the anscestor of one or more of the 0be c(ans, as *e(( as
the 0ndo and 0kita c(ans'
Abe Iso
$i)ed &>:@ to &?4?
Christian Socia(ist from "ukuoka Prefecture' Studied at #oshisha !ni)ersity
and abroad' /ecame a !nitarian preacher' -aught at -okyo Co((ege from &>??'
0cti)e in the socia(ist mo)ement'
&?00 --- became president of the Socia(ist Society
&?0& --- one of the founders of Shakaiminshuto
&?24 --- became president of the =apan "abian Society
&?2> --- e(ected to the #iet
&?B2 --- chairman of Shakaitaishuto
6ithdre* from po(itics in &?40
Abe+a)a !i4er
0 ri)er *hich starts in Suruga and *hose mouth is near Shi5uoka'
Abe *asa+atsu
$i)ed &@4& to &:00
!!
Abe Ma*akat*u
<asakatsu *as an important member of the 0be c(an of <ika*a' Le ser)ed
-okuga*a ,eyasu unti( his 7<asakatsuGs9 death in &:00 78ust coincidence, or did
he die at SekigaharaV9' ,n &@?0, ,eyasu ga)e him ,chihara 7in ,5u9, *orth @,000
koku'
Abe *asatsu'u
$i)ed &@:? to &:4J
0be <asatsugu *as the e(dest son of <asakatsu' 0fter Sekigahara, -okuga*a
,eyasu promoted him to daimyT status'
Abe *uneto
Abe Na+amaro
$i)ed J0& to JJ0
Abe Nobuyu+i
$i)ed &>J@ to &?@B
So(dier and Po(itician from ,shika*a Prefecture' Put on reser)e (ist *ith rank of
genera( in &?B:'
Prime <inister from B0 0ug' &?B?' -ook o)er from Liranuma 4iichirT 7pg'
&0J9 and *as rep(aced by Eonai <itsumasa 7pg' B0?9 in =anuary of &?40'
=oined the Louse of Peers in &?42'
President of the ,mperia( ;u(e 0ssistance Po(itica( 0ssociation 7pg' &2&9'
Go)ernor of 4orea from =u(y &?44'
Cabinet ositions
Cabinet Position From To
Lamaguchi Lanretsu =un &:, &?B0 #ec &0, &?B0
Lamaguchi 6ar =un &:, &?B0 #ec &0, &?B0
0be "oreign 0ffairs 0ug B0, &?B? VV
0be Prime <inister 0ug B0, &?B? =an &:, &?40
Table 1Cabinet Positions Held by Abe Nobuyuki
Cabinet
Name Position From To
GodT -akuo 0gricu(ture W "orestry 0ug B0, &?B? Dct &:, &?B?
Sakai -adamasa 0gricu(ture W "orestry Dct &:, &?B? =an &:, &?40
!"
Abe Nobuyuki
PndT ;yXsaku Chief of Cabinet Secretariat 0ug B0, &?B? =an &:, &?40
4arasa*a -oshiki Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 0ug B0, &?B? =an &:, &?40
4anemitsu -suneo Co(oni5ation 0ug B0, &?B? =an &:, &?40
GodT -akuo Commerce W ,ndustry 0ug B0, &?B? =an &:, &?40
agai ;yXtarT Communications 0ug B0, &?B? =an &:, &?40
4a*arada 4akichi Pducation 0ug B0, &?B? =an &:, &?40
0oki 4a5uo "inance 0ug B0, &?B? =an &:, &?40
0be obuyuki "oreign 0ffairs 0ug B0, &?B? AAA
omura 4ichisaburT "oreign 0ffairs AAA =an &:, &?40
Dhara aoshi Lome 0ffairs 0ug B0, &?B? =an &:, &?40
<iyagi ChTgorT =ustice 0ug B0, &?B? =an &:, &?40
Eoshida Rengo a)y 0ug B0, &?B? =an &:, &?40
0be obuyuki Prime <inister 0ug B0, &?B? =an &:, &?40
agai ;yXtarT ;ai(*ays 0ug B0, &?B? o) 2?, &?B?
agata Lide8irT ;ai(*ays o) 2?, &?B? =an &:, &?40
Lata Shunroku 6ar 0ug B0, &?B? =an &:, &?40
Dhara aoshi 6e(fare 0ug B0, &?B? o) 2?, &?B?
0kita 4iyoshi 6e(fare o) 2?, &?B? =an &:, &?40
Table 2Abe Nobuyuki's Cabinet
Abeno lain
0 p(ain in Settsu' 0beno *as the scene of se)era( batt(es during the 6arring
States period'
Abe #adato
$i)ed &0&? to &0:2
Abe #eimei
#ied &00@'
0be Seimei *as a famous astronomer'
Abe 5orito+i
Abu+uma'a)a !i4er
aka 0kuriga*a'
0 ri)er *ith source at 0sahi-san and mouth near ,*anuma'
!3
Abut*u
Abutsu
aka 0butsu-ni, aka Lokurin-5enni
A%&i no 6mi
Ada%&i Family
0 fami(y of samurai *ho *ere descended from "u8i*ara Eamakage 7pg AAA9'
-hey are presented here because of their successes during the <inamoto----aira
*ars and their subseHuent affi(iation *ith the LT8T "ami(y 7pg AAA9'
Ada%&i 7a'emori
#ied &24>,
0 *arrior of the 0dachi fami(y, 4agemori *as the son of <orinaga' Le ser)ed
*ith <inamoto Eoriie but became a monk *hen <inamoto Sanetomo died' -his
did not stop him from 8oining the LT8T "ami(y for the ShTkyX 6ar, ho*e)er'
LT8T -sunetoki and LT8T -okiyori *ere his grandsons'
see a(so3
<inamoto Sanetomo 7pg AAA9, <inamoto Eoriie 7pg AAA9, LT8T "ami(y 7pg
AAA9, ShTkyX 6ar 7pg AAA9, LT8T -sunetoki 7pg AAA9, LT8T -okiyori 7pg
AAA9
Ada%&i 7en-8
$i)ed &>:4 to &?4>'
Po(itician from 4umamoto'
,n)o()ed in the murder of the 4orean Hueen in &>?@'
"ounding member of the 4umamoto ationa( Party'
P(ected to the Louse of ;epresentati)es in &?02'
0cti)e in the ;ikken #oshikai, 4enseikai, and <inseito'
"ormed and *as president of the 4okumin #omei in &?B2'
Cabinet osts
&st 4atT Communications <ay B&, &?2@ 0ug 2, &?2@
2
nd
4atT Communications 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
&st 6akatsuki Communications =an B0, &?2: 0pr 20, &?2J
&st 6akatsuki Lome 0ffairs #ec &:, &?2: <ar &@, &?2J
!4
A-achi :enz0
Lamaguchi Lome 0ffairs =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
2
nd
6akatsuki Lome 0ffairs 0pr &4, &?B& #ec &B, &?B&
Table 3Cabinet Positions Held by Adachi Kenz
see a(so3
4umamoto ationa( Party 7pg AAA9, ;ikken #oshikai 7pg AAA9, 4enseikai 7pg
AAA9, <inseito 7pg AAA9, 4okumin #omei 7pg AAA9'
Ada%&i *orina'a
#ied &200
0dachi <orinaga *as a *arrior *ho fought for <inamoto Eoritomo 7pg AAA9
against the -aira 7pg AAA9'
0fter the *ars, he became a monk and took the name ;ensai'
Ada%&i 5asumori
#ied &2>@
Ada%&i 5os&i+a'e
#ied &2@@'
Ai%&i refe%ture
0rea3 @,&@0 km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 agoya
Popu(ation3 :,JJ0,000 7&??:9
Ai+o+u 78t8
Ai-a)a #eis&i
$i)ed &J>2 to &>:B
Ai-u9&an
A:i+i
A+abas&i *orito+i
#ied &BBB
!5
Akagawa Fu*anobu
A+a'a)a Fusanobu
A+a'a)a *otoyasu
Son of 0kaga*a "usanobu'
<Tri retainer'
A+ai Naomasa
A+amatsu Family
A+amatsu *itsusu+e
$i)ed &B>& to &44&
A+amatsu Norifusa
A+amatsu Norimura
$i)ed &2JJ to &B@0
A+amatsu Norisu+e
$i)ed &B&2 to &BJ&
A+amatsu #os&u
$i)ed &J2& to &>0&
A+amatsu #uefusa
A+amatsu 5os&inori
$i)ed &B@> to &42J
A+amatsu 5os&isu+e
A+as&i *oris&i'e
#ied &:&>'
/aptised a Christian in &@?:'
6as a )assa( of !kita Lideie, the daimyT of Dkayama'
<orishige fought against -okuga*a ,eyasu at Sekigahara' Le surrendered to
4uroda agamasa'
$ater, he fought for the -oyotomi at Ssaka Cast(e' Someho* managed to escape
the fa(( of the cast(e'
!6
Aka*hi Mori*hige
see a(so3
!kita Lideie, Sekigahara, /att(e of, 4uroda agamasa, -oyotomi "ami(y, Ssa-
ka, Siege of
A+a-a Naoyasu
aka 0ka5a 4yXbei'
#ied &:0:'
Dne of -oyotomi LideyoshiGs retainers'
0ka5a aoyasu fought at Sekigahara under Stani Eoshitsugu, but s*itched to the
Pastern side during the batt(e'
$ater aoyasa became a retainer of <aeda -oshinaga'
A+a-ome "mon
A+e%&i Castle
A+e%&i Family
A+e%&i *itsu&aru
aka <itsutoshi
0kechi <itsuhideGs cousin' <itsuharu *as present for his cousinGs coup, but
missed the /att(e of Eama5aki'
Le batt(ed Lori Lidemasa at !chidehama, (ost and f(ed' Le committed hari-kiri
and supposed(y *rote a poem *ith his o*n b(ood before dieing'
see a(so3
0kechi <itsuhide, Eama5aki, /att(e of, Lori Lidemasa, !chidehama, /att(e of
A+e%&i *itsu&ide
$i)ed &@2: to &@>2
0kechi <itsuhide *as a genera( under, and the assassin of, Dda obunada'
6hen they found out about the assassination, both Lideyoshi and -okuga*a
,eyasu rushed to be the first to a)enge obunaga and take his p(ace' Lideyoshi
got to <itsuhide first'
<itsuhide began ser)ing Dda obunaga in &@:: and recie)ed Sakamoto 7in
Smi, &00,000 koku9 in &@J&'
,n &@J?, he captured Eakami Cast(e from Latano Lideharu by taking Lide-
haruGs mother hostage' -his accomp(ished <itsuhideGs goa( but unfortunate(y,
!7
Akechi Mit*uhi-e
obunaga had the *oman e.ecuted 7crucifiedV9' atura((y this did not make the
Latano fami(y happy and a short *hi(e (ater se)era( of LideharuGs 7e.-V9 retainers
murdered 0kechi <itsuhideGs motherF
<itsuhide b(amed obunaga for his motherGs death and the attack at LonnT8i
in &@>2 *as his re)enge'
<itsuhide sur)i)ed for &B days, unti( he *as defeated by Lideyoshi at the /at-
t(e of Eama5aki'
see a(so3
Dda obunaga, LonnT8i, Seige of, -oyotomi Lideyoshi, -okuga*a ,eyasu,
Latano Lideharu, 0kechi <itsuharu, Eama5aki, /att(e of, !chidehama, /att(e
of
A+e%&i *itsu+uni
A+imoto Family
A+imoto Na'atomo
#ied &:2>
A+imoto Ta+atomo
$i)ed &:4J to &J&4'
A+imoto 5asutomo
$i)ed &@>0 to &:42'
A+i ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the 6estern part of LonshX 7pg' 9, part of *hat is today Liroshima
Prefecture 7pg' 9'
A+ita Castle
A+ita City
-he capita( of 0kita Prefecture 7pg &?9'
A+ita Family
A+ita 7iyos&i
6e(fare <inister in 0be obuyukiGs cabinet, from 2? o)ember &?B? to &: =anuary &?40
!8
Akita %re!ecture
A+ita refe%ture
0rea3 &&,:&2 km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 0kita City 7pg' &>9
Popu(ation3 &,220,000 7&??:9
Table 4Data on Akita Pe!ectue
-he o(d !go Pro)ince 7pg' B0&9 is today 0kita Prefecture'
A+ita #anesue
died &:@?
Sanesue ser)ed -okuga*a ,eyasu and recei)ed Shishido 7in Litachi, @0,000
koku9 in &:02'
A+ita Tos&isue
dates current(y unkno*n
-oshisue *as the son of Sanesue' Le a(so ser)ed the -okuga*a and recei)ed <i-
haru 7in <itsu, @0,000 koku9 in &:4@'
A+iyama Nobutomo
obutomo *as a famous genera( in ser)ice of the -akeda fami(y'
A+i-u+i Castle
0ki5uki -anenaga
-anenaga ser)ed under 4uroda agamasa during the 4orean campaign' Le sid-
ed *ith ,shida <itsunari at the batt(e of Sekigahara but managed to keep his fief
7*hich *asV9 after the batt(e'
see a(so3
4uroda agamasa, 4orea, ,n)asion of ,shida <itsunari, Sekigahara, /att(e of
A+i-u+i Tane-ane
-ane5ane (ost to the Stomo 7the *ho, *hat, *hen, *here, and *hy is sti(( to be
researched9' Sometime after that he 8oined the Shima5u 7as an a((y or a )assa(V9
and fought *ith them against Lideyoshi in 4yXshX'
0fter Sekigahara, he *as transfered to -akanabe 7in LyXga, 20,000 koku9'
!
Amakazu :agemochi
Ama+a-u 7a'emo%&i
4agemochi *as a famous genera( for the !esugi fami(y' 0mong other things, he
fought at the "ourth /att(e of 4a*anaka8ima 7&@:&9'
Ama+o Family
0 samurai fami(y that fought the <Tri fami(y' -hey most(y (ost' -he <Tri had
been one of their )assa(s'
see a(so3
<Tri "ami(y
Ama+o Haru&isa
$i)ed &@&4 to &@:2'
"ought against Suchi Eoshitaka'
"ought against <Tri <otonari'
<ost(y a fai(ure 7he (ost a (ot of batt(es and a (ot of territory9 but regained some
of ground after Sue Larukata ki((ed Suchi Eoshitaka'
see a(so3
Suchi Eoshitaka, <Tri <otonari, Sue Larukata
Ama+o 7atsu&isa
$ost to someone at unobeyama 7*hich is *hereV9 in &@J0'
$ost to <Tri -erumoto in &@J& 7*hereV *hat batt(eV9 and f(ed to the is(and of
Dki'
$ater returned from Dki and captured -a8ima and ,naba pro)inces' #efended
4o5uki cast(e for Lideyoshi against the <Tri'
4atsuhisa *as attacked by 4obayaka*a -akakage and 4ikka*a <otoharu 7at
4o5uki cast(eV9, *as defeated and committed suicide'
see a(so3
unobeyama, /att(e of
<Tri -erumoto, -a8ima Pro)ince, ,naba Pro)ince, 4T5uki, Seige of,
4obayaka*a -akakage, 4ikka*a <otoharu
Ama+o 7uni&isa
$i)ed &4?2 to &@@4
"#
Amako :unihi*a
4unihisa *as the son of -sunehisa'
Ama+o 6+i&isa
#ied &@B4
Dkihisa *as the son of -sunehisa'
Ama+o Tsune&isa
$i)ed &4@> to &@4&
"ought against Suchi Eoshioka
<Tri <otonari *as one of his retainers
Ama+o 5os&i&isa
Eoshihisa *as the son of 0mako 4atsuhisa 7pg AAA9' Le continued the fami(y
fight against the <Tri'
6hi(e besieged in -oda Cast(e, Eoshihisa had a retainer, <oriyama Lisakane
e.ecuted' -his caused most of his remaining men to desert' 6ith no hope of
ho(ding the cast(e, Eoshihisa f(ed and became a monk'
Ama+usa #&ir8
aka <asuda -okisada'
0 (eader of the Shimabara ;ebe((ion, ShirT (ed the defence of Lara Cast(e and
died *hen it fe(('
see a(so3
Shimabara ;ebe((ion, Lara Cast(e, Lara, Seige of
Amano Ta+as&i'e
$i)ed &@0B to &@>4'
Amano 5asu+a'e
$i)ed &@BJ to &:BJ'
Amari Nobuyasu
Amari Toriyasu
#ied &@4>
"!
Ama 1hogun
Ama #&o'un
10ma Shogun2 refers to LT8T <asako, *ho *as the *ife of <inamoto Eorito-
mo, and the po*er behind the 4amakura shTgunate after his death' She became
a nun in &&??' 0ma Shogun rough(y means the 1un Shogun'2
see a(so3
LT8T <asako 7pg' A9, <inamoto Eoritomo 7pg' A9, 4amakura ShTgunate 7pg'
A9,
Ama
0ma is a term used to refer to nuns' ,n Png(ish it *ou(d be something (ike 1nun2
or 1sister'2
Ameri%an /la%+ C&amber
1/(ack Chamber2 *as the name used in Purope for the go)ernment section in-
)o()ed in codebreaking and i((icit reading of pri)ate 7especia((y dip(omatic9 com-
munications' -he 0merican go)enment did not set up itGs o*n b(ack chamber un-
ti( after 6or(d 6ar ,'
-he 0merican /(ack Chamber 7actua((y the Cipher /ureau9 *as a group of
codebreakers *orking for the !nited States go)ernment 7*ith funding from the
0rmy and the State #epartment9 bet*een =u(y &?&J and Dctober &?2?, headed by
Lerbert D' Eard(ey 7pg B0J9' Cracking =apanese codes *as a priority' 4ahn
7MkahnN2004O, pg :29 states3
-he most important target *as =apan' ,ts be((igerence to*ard China 8eopar-
di5ed 0mericaGs Dpen #oor po(icy' ,ts emigrants e.acerbated 0merican racism'
,ts na)a( gro*th menaced 0merican po*er in the *estern Pacific' ,ts commercia(
e.pansion threatened 0merican dominance of "ar Pastern markets'
0fter c(ose to a year, Eard(ey and his staff fina((y managed to break the
=apanese codes and *ere sti(( reading =apanese dip(omatic traffic *hen 6ashing-
ton hosted the 6ashington a)a( Conference in &?2&' -he information the the Ci-
pher /ureau pro)ided the 0merican de(egation *as instrumenta( in getting the
=apanese side to agree to a &03: ratio instead of the &03J ratio the =apanese *ant-
ed' -his *as the hight of Eard(eyGs cryptana(ytic career'
-he =apanese a)y *as not happy *ith the treaty and *hen se)era( years (ater
Eard(ey described the *ho(e incident in his book !he #merican $lack %hamber
7pg' 2B9, the =apanese *ere not amused'
""
American lack Chamber
#espite their success at the 6ashington Conference, the truth of the matter is
that Eard(ey and his codebreakers *ere not as good as Eard(ey be(ie)ed them to
be' =apanese go)ernment codes *ere redicu(ous(y *eak in the ear(y &?20s' -he
rea( difficu(ty probab(y (ay in the =apanese (anguage, not the =apanese codes C for
se)era( months after its founding, the 0merican /(ack Chamber had no one *ith a
good command of =apanese' /ritish codebreakers at the time considered =apanese
codes hard(y *orth the name'
!nfortunate(y, for the men and *omen of the Cipher /ureau the f(o* of dip(o-
matic te(egrams dried up as companies became (ess *i((ing to break the (a* to
he(p the go)ernment' ,n 6ashington, 6i((iam "riedman *as acti)e(y e.p(oring
cryptographic frontiers for the 0rmy C the Cipher /ureau *as becoming irre(e-
)ant' Lo*e)er, it *as mora( indignation that fina((y doomed the bureau' Lenry $'
Stimpson *as Secretary of State under President Loo)er' 6hen he found out
about the Cipher /ureau, he *as furious and *ithdre* funding, summing up his
argument *ith 1Gent(emen do not read each otherGs mai('2
-he Cipher /ureau c(osed its doors for good on B& Dctober &?2? C 8ust t*o
days after the stock market crashed and the Great #epression began'
#our%es and #u''ested !eadin'
!he #merican $lack %hamber by Lerbert D' Eard(ey, Myard(eyN&?B&O
!he %odebreakers by #a)id 4ahn MkahnN&??:O
#ng& Kaidoku Ny'mon by -oshio -akaga*a, Mtakaga*aN200BO
!he (eader of Gentlemen's Mail by #a)id 4ahn, MkahnN2004O
#ee also(
0merican /(ack Chamber, -he 7pg 2B9, "i)e-Po*ers -reaty 7pg >B9, 6ashing-
ton a)a( Conference 7pg B049, Eard(ey, Lerbert D' 7pg B0J9,
American Black Chamber, The
0 book by Lerbert D' Eard(ey 7pg B0J9, pub(ished in &?B&, dea(ing *ith 0mer-
ican efforts to read the communications of other countries' 0 (arge part of it is de-
)oted to describing ho* Eard(ey and his codebreakers managed to read =apanese
go)ernment codes and the ad)antage this ga)e to the 0merican side at the 6ash-
ington a)a( Conference'
!he %odebreakers by #a)id 4ahn MkahnN&??:O
#ng& Kaidoku Ny'mon by -oshio -akaga*a, Mtakaga*aN200BO
"3
American lack Chamber, )he
#ee Also
0merican /(ack Chamber 7pg 229, 4o*a(e*ski, =an 7pg &J&9, Eard(ey, Lerbert
D' 7pg B0J9, 6ashington a)a( Conference 7pg B049
Anar%&ism
4Ttoku ShXsui (ed the anarchist mo)ement unti( his death in &?&&' ,t continued
under Ssugi Sakae unti( his murder in &?2B' /oth men *ere anarcho-syndica(ists
and ad)ocated direct action by *orkers'
0narchists *ere at odds *ith other socia(ist groups' 6ith the success of the
;ussian ;e)o(ution and the death of Ssugi, communist groups took contro( of the
(abor unions a*ay from the anarcho-syndica(ists'
#ee Also
Ssugi Sakae 7pg 2B49, 4Ttoku ShXsui 7pg' &J09, ;ed "(ag ,ncident 7pg' 2B>9,
Anayama Nobu+imi
$i)ed &@4& to &@>2'
aka /aisetsu obukimi'
Ando C&i+asue
Ando *orinari
Ando #&i'ena'a
Ando #&i'enobu
$i)ed &@@> to &:22
Ane'a+o:i Family
Ane'a+o:i 7oretsuna
$i)ed &@40 to &@>J
0negako8i Eoshiyori
#ied &@J&
Ane'a)a. /attle of
-ook p(ace in &@J0'
Dda obunaga, *ith -okuga*a ,eyasu and ,naba ,ttetsu, fought the combined
forces of 0sai agamasa and 0sakura Eoshikage' -okuga*a forces engaged the
0sakura *hi(e Dda forces dea(t *ith the 0sai'
"4
Anegawa, attle o!
-he -okuga*a forces finished off the 0sakura and then turned and hit the
0saiGs right f(ank' ,naba had been he(d in reser)e, came for*ard and hit the 0sai
(eft f(ank'
see a(so3
Dda obunaga 7pg' A9, -okuga*a ,eyasu 7pg' A9, ,naba ,ttetsu 7pg' A9, 0sai
agamasa 7pg' A9, 0sakura Eoshikage 7pg' A9
An;ei
engT3 &JJ2--&J>0
An'en
engT3 &&J@--&&J:
An+an9tenn8
-he 2J
th
Pmperor of =apan'
;eigned @B& to @B@'
An+o+u:i "+ei
#ied &:00'
An+89tenn8
-he 20
th
Pmperor of =apan'
;eigned from 4@B to 4@:'
Anna
engT3 ?:>--?:?'
Annei9tenn8
-he B
rd
Pmperor of =apan'
;eigned @4? to @&& /'C'
Ansei ur'e
0 purge, in &>@>--&>@?, of o)er &00 peop(e from the bakufu, )arious han, and
the ,mperia( court' Pight of those KpurgedG *ere a(so e.ecuted' ,t *as carried out
by ,i aosuke in an effort to Huiet opposition to his hand(ing of the Huestion of
shTguna( succession and the signing of the !'S'-=apan -reaty of 0mity and
Commerce'
7-odo3 0dd more detai(s on the succession dispute and the peop(e *ho *ere
purged'9
"5
An*ei %urge
see a(so3
,i aosuke 7pg' A9, !'S'-=apan -reaty of 0mity and Commerce 7pg' A9,
Ansei
engT3 &>@4--&>@?
Ansei Treaties
See !'S'-=apan -reaty of 0mity and Commerce on page A;P"
Antei
engT3 &22J--&22>
Anto+u9tenn8
-he >&
st
emperor of =apan'
;eigned from &&>0 to &&>B'
-here *ere t*o nengT during his reign, ET*a 7pg A;P"9 *hich (asted from
&&>& to &&>2 and =uei 7pg A;P"9, from &&>2 to &&>B'
An)a
engT3 ?:>--?:?
Ao+i 7a-uo
"inance <inister in 0be obuyukiGs cabinet, from B0 0ugust &?B? to &:=anuary
&?40'
Ao+i #&i'e+ane
Aomori City
-he capita( of 0omori Prefecture'
Aomori refe%ture
0rea3 ?,:0@ km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 0omori
Popu(ation3 &,@&0,000 7&??:9
"6
Aoyama )a-anari
Aoyama Tadanari
Aoyama 5u+inari
Ara&ata 7anson
$i)ed &>>J to &?>&
aka 0rahata 4atsu5o
<r' 0rahata participated in many of the socia(ist mo)ements in his career' Le
started as a socia(ist, became an syndico-anarchist and e)entua((y a communist
and ended up ser)ing in the #iet as a representati)e of the post*ar =apan Socia(-
ist Party'
0rahata *as from Eokohama'
Le 8oined the Leiminsha in &?04 and *as among those arrested for the ;ed "(ag
,ncident of &?0>'
0rahata pub(ished 4indai Shiso *ith Dsugi Sakae'
Le *as member of the first Centra( Committee of the =apan Communist Party'
/e(onged to the ;ono "action'
Le *as on the Centra( P.ecuti)e Committee of the =apan Socia(ist Party from
&?4: to &?4>'
Ser)ed in the #iet from &?4: to &?4? and spent his time after that *riting'
see a(so3
Leiminsha 7pg' A9, ;ed "(ag ,ncident 7pg' A9, 4indai Shiso 7pg' A9, Ssugi Sakae
7pg' A9, =apan Communist Party 7pg' A9, ;ono "action 7pg' A9, =apan Socia(ist
Party 7pg' A9, Socia(ism 7pg' A9, 0narchism 7pg' A9,
Ara+i *uras&i'e
Ara+i #adao
/orn 2: <ay &>JJ to 2 o)' &?::'
So(dier'
Drigina((y from -okyo'
Sadao *as a (eading member of the 1,mperia( 6ay "action2 74odoha9' Le *as
put on the reser)e (ist as a resu(t of the "ebruary 2: !prising'
<inister of Pducation from &?B> to &?B?'
Le *as tried as a 1C(ass 02 *ar crimina( and sentenced to (ife'
"7
Araki 1a-ao
;e(eased from prison in &?@@ for hea(th reasons'
Cabinet ositions
,nukai 6ar #ec &B, &?B& <ay 2:, &?B2
SaitT 6ar <ay 2:, &?B2 =an 2B, &?B4
&
st
4onoe Pducation <ay 2:, &?B> =an @, &?B?
Liranuma Pducation =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
Table "Cabinet Positions Held by Aaki #adao
see a(so3
"ebruary 2: ;e)o(t 7pg' A9, ,mperia( 6ay "action 7pg' A9, 6ar Crimes, C(ass 0
7pg' A9,
Arima Harunobu
Possib(y born in &@:&' #ied on : <ay &:&2'
Arima Nao-umi
Arima Tadayori
Arima Toyou:i
$i)ed &@J0 to &:42'
Arima 5os&isada
$i)ed &@2& to &@J:'
Ar<uebus
Asa&ina 5asutomo
Asai Family
0sai Sukemasa --Y Lisamasa --Y agamasa
Asai Hisamasa
$i)ed &@24 to &:JB'
-he son of 0sai Sukemasa' $ost to the Sasaki and retired in fa)or of his son
agamasa'
"8
A*ai Nagama*a
Asai Na'amasa
$i)ed &@4@ to 2> 0ug' &@JB'
Son of 0sai Lisamasa, from *hom he took o)er in 7yearVV9' agamasa success-
fu((y batt(ed both ;okkaku Eoshitaka and SaitT -atsuoki'
<arried Dda obunagaGs sister but (ater 8oined the 0sakura fami(y and the
monks of <t' Liei against obunaga' agamasa *as defeated by Dda and -oku-
ga*a ,eyasu at the batt(e of 0nega*a in &@J0'
,n &@JB, Dda (aid siege to agamasaGs cast(e at Ddani' !nfortunate(y for aga-
masa, he *as there at the time' Le committed suicide and in e.change, Dda
spared agamasaGs fami(y 7*hich of course inc(uded his---obunagaGs---o*n sis-
ter9'
-hree of agamasaGs daughters are famous for marrying famous men'
see a(so3
0sai Lisamasa 7pg' A9, ;okkaku Eoshitaka 7pg' A9, SaitT -atsuoki 7pg' A9, Dda
obunaga 7pg' A9, -okuga*a ,eyasu 7pg' A9, Ddani, Seige of 7pg' A9, 0sakura
"ami(y 7pg' A9, 0nega*a, /att(e of 7pg' A9,
Asai #u+emasa
$i)ed &4?@ to &@4:'
"ather of 0sai Lisamasa' /ui(t Ddani Cast(e' "ought the Sasaki fami(y'
Asa+ura Family
Asa+ura Hiro+a'e
Asa+ura 7a'ea+ira
$i)ed &@2? to &@J4'
Asa+ura 7a'eta+e
Asa+ura Nobumasa
$i)ed &@>B to &:BJ'
Asa+ura Nori+a'e
$i)ed &4J4 to &@@2'
Asa+ura #ada+a'e
$i)ed &4JB to &@&2'
"
A*akura )akakage
Asa+ura Ta+a+a'e
$i)ed &4?B to &@4:'
Asa+ura Tos&i+a'e
#ied &4J@V
$i)ed &42> to &4>&V
Asa+ura 5os&i+a'e
$i)ed 24 Sept' &@BB to 20 0ug' &@JB'
Asano Family
Asano Na'aa+ira
$i)ed &@>: to &:B2'
Asano Na'amasa
$i)ed &@4: to &:&0'
Asano Na'anori
$i)ed &::J to &J0&'
Asano Na'atsune
#ied &J&?'
Asano #&oi%&ir8
$i)ed &>4> to &?B0
/usinessman' "rom a samurai fami(y in the -oyama region' Purchased "uka-
ga*a Cement 6orks from the go)ernment in &>>4, *ith he(p from Shibusa*a
Piichi' #i)ersified his business interests, *hich e)entua((y became a minor 5a-
ibatsu' 6ithout a bank, it remained minor'
see a(so3
"ukaga*a Cement 6orks 7pg' A9, Shibusa*a Piichi 7pg' A9, Raibatsu 7pg' A9
Asano 5u+ina'a
$i)ed &@J: to &:&B'
3#
A*ari Emano*uke
Asari =manosu+e
As&ida Hitos&i
$i)ed &>>J to &?@?'
6as Prime <inister from &0 <arch &?4> to &@ Dctober &?4>' Le rep(aced
4atayama -etsu and *as rep(aced by Eoshida Shigeru'
Cabinet ositions
Shidehara 6e(fare Dct ?, &?4@ <ay 22, &?4:
4atayama "oreign 0ffairs =un &, &?4J <ar &0, &?4>
0shida "oreign 0ffairs <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
0shida Litoshi Prime <inister <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
Table $Cabinet Positions Held by Ashida Hitoshi
Cabinet
0shida Litoshi Prime <inister <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
agae 4a5uo 0gricu(ture W "orestry <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
Su5uki Eoshio 0ttorney Genera( <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
-omabechi Gi5T Chief of Cabinet Secretariat <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
<i5utani ChT5aburT Commerce W ,ndustry <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
-omoyoshi Pi8i Communications <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
Litotsumatsu Sa-
dayoshi
Construction
=u( &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
<orito -atsuo 7spV9 Pducation <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
4itamura -okutarT "inance <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
0shida Litoshi "oreign 0ffairs <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
4atT 4an8X $abor <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
omi5o <asaru State3 Chairman of the $oca(
"inance Committee <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
"unada 4yT8i State3 #irector of 0dministra-
ti)e <anagement 0gency <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
4urusu -akeo State3 #irector of Centra( Pco-
nomic ,n)estigation 0gency 0ug &, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
4urusu -akeo State3 #irector of Pconomic
Stabi(i5ation /oard W #irector
of Price /oard <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
3!
A*hi-a 4ito*hi
"unada 4yT8i State3 #irector of ;eparations
0gency <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
Litotsumatsu Sa-
dayoshi
State3 President of Construc-
tion /oard <ar &0, &?4> =u( ?, &?4>
ishio Suehiro State3 6ithout Portfo(io <ar &0, &?4> =u( :, &?4>
-omabechi Gi5T State3 6ithout Portfo(io <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
Dkada Seiichi -ransport <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
-akeda Giichi 6e(fare <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
Table %Ashida Hitoshi's Cabinet
see a(so3
4atayama -etsu 7pg' A9, Eoshida Shigeru 7pg' A9
As&i'aru
As&i+a'a C&a%&amaru
#ied &4?0'
As&i+a'a *asatomo
$i)ed &2 =u(y &4B@ to @ 0pri( &4?&'
As&i+a'a #&8'unate
-he 0shikaga ShTgunate *as founded by 0shikaga -akau8i in &BB>' ,t (asted in
theory unti( &@JB a(though in rea(ity the ShTgun had (ost contro( of most of the
country (ong before that'
see a(so3
0shikaga -akau8i 7pg' A9, 0shikaga Eoshiaki 7pg' A9, Dda obunaga 7pg' A9,
$ist of 0shigaka ShTgun 7pg' A9,
As&i+a'a Tadayos&i
$i)ed &B0: to 2: "eb' &B@2'
As&i+a'a Ta+au:i
-he &
st
0shikaga shTgun'
$i)ed &B0@ to B0 0pri( &B@>'
;u(ed && 0ug' &BB> to B0 0pri( &B@>'
Son of 0shikaga Sadau8i'
3"
A*hikaga )akau@i
"ought in the GenkT 6ar 7&BB&--&BBB9'
-urned against the LT8T and took ;okuhara 7*ho, *hat, and *hereV9' "or
*hich he *as granted <usashi, ShimTsa, Litachi'
#efeated LT8T -okiyuki and took 4amakura' #ec(ared himse(f shTgun' $ost
to itta Eoshisada in <ika*a and Suruga'
/eat someone in the mountains in Lakone *hich he(ped him ra((y other
daimyT to his cause' $ater took 4yoto' $ost 4yoto to 4itabatake 0kiie, itta
Eoshisada, and 4usunoki <asashige 7among others9' $ost again near LyTgo and
f(ed to 4yXshX'
#efeated 4ikuchi -aketoshi at -atara-hama in Chiku5en' ;eturned to LonshX
and defeated itta and 4usunoki at <inato-ga*a'
Pntered 4yoto, deposed Go-#aigo and insta((ed 4TmyT as Pmperor' Go-#ai-
go f(ed and estab(ished the southern court' -akau8i spent the rest of his (ife fight-
ing against samurai (oya( to the southern emperor'
0shikaga -akau8i estab(ished the 0shigaka Shogunate, *hich (asted, in theory,
unti( &@JB' ,n practice, the 0shikaga Shogun (ost much of their po*er (ong before
then'
-he period of 0shikaga ru(e is a(so kno*n as the <uromachi period'
As&i+a'a 5os&ia+ira
$i)ed &> =une &BB0 to J #ec' &B:J'
;u(ed > #ec' &B@> to J #ec' &B:J'
-he 2
nd
0shikaga shTgun'
As&i+a'a 5os&ia+i
$i)ed B o)' &@BJ to 2> 0ug' &@?J'
;u(ed &> Dct' &@:> to &> =u(y &@JB'
&@
th
0shikaga Shogun
Eoshiaki *as insta((ed in &@:J as the &@
th
0shikaga ShTgun by Dda obunaga'
Eoshiaki *as not Huite as tame as obunaga thought ho*e)er C Eoshiaki con-
spired *ith -akeda Shingen to free himse(f from DdaGs contro(' obunaga de-
posed Eoshiaki in &:JB and didnGt bother rep(acing him, *hich is a pretty good in-
dication of 8ust ho* po*er(ess / meaning(ess the ShTgunate had become'
As&i+a'a 5os&i&aru
$i)ed @ <arch &@&& to 4 <ay &@@0'
;u(ed 2@ #ec' &@2& to 20 #ec' &@4@'
33
A*hikaga 5o*hiharu
&2
th
0shikaga Shogun' "irst son of 0shikaga Eoshi5umi'
Po*er(ess' Contro((ed by the daimyo' P)entua((y forced to f(ee' 76hyV "rom
*homV -o *hereV9
As&i+a'a 5os&i&ide
$i)ed &@:4 to &@:>
;u(ed &@:>--&@:>
&4
th
0shikaga Shogun
Chosen 7by *homV9 as a t*o year o(d to rep(ace Eoshiteru, but did not get Dda
obunagaGs support' 6ith such a po*erfu( daimyo against him, Eoshihide had
no hope of e)er getting to ru(e 7ne)er mind his age9' Lis hand(ers f(ed, taking
him *ith them of course, and Eoshihide died at the tender age of four'
6ho *as behind him, pu((ing the strings in his nameV Serious(y, there is no *ay
a t*o year o(d *as deciding anything' 6as it his mother or a grandparentV 0
cousin or some faction at courtV Db)ious(y he had to ha)e had some support
from a fe* daimyo, but *hich ones and *hyV
As&i+a'a 5os&i&isa
$i)ed 2B o)' &4:@ to 2: <arch &4>?'
;u(ed &? #ec' &4J4 to 2: <arch &4>?'
-he ?
th
0shikaga shTgun' -he first son of 0shikaga Eoshimasa'
As&i+a'a 5os&i+atsu
$i)ed ? "eb' &4B4 to 2& =u(y &44B'
;u(ed J o)' &442 to 2& =u(y &44B'
-he J
th
0shikaga shTgun' -he first son of 0shikaga Eoshinori'
As&i+a'a 5os&i+a-u
$i)ed 24 =u(y &40J to 2J "eb' &42@'
;u(ed &> <arch &42B to 2J "eb' &42@'
-he @
th
0shikaga shTgun' Son of 0shikaga Eoshimochi'
As&i+a'a 5os&imasa
$i)ed 2 =an' &4B: to J =an' &4?0'
;u(ed 2? 0pri( &44? to &? #ec' &4JB'
34
A*hikaga 5o*hima*a
-he >
th
0shikaga Shogun' Son of 0shikaga Eoshinori, *ho *as the :
th
0shikaga
Shogun'
Eoshimasa *as a(so kno*n as Eoshishige'
Eoshimasa *as shTgun during the Snin 6ar *hich ra)aged 4yoto'
Le bui(d the Ginkaku8i'
As&i+a'a 5os&imitsu
$i)ed 22 0ug' &B@> to : <ay &40>'
;u(ed B0 #ec' &B:> to &J #ec' &B?4'
-he B
rd
0shikaga Shogun' Son of Eoshiakira, the second shTgun'
Pnded the ambokuchT 6ar'
/ui(d the 4inkaku8i'
As&i+a'a 5os&imo%&i
$i)ed &2 "eb' &B>: to &> =an' &42>'
;u(ed &J #ec' &B?4 to &> <arch &42B'
-he 4
th
0shikaga shTgun' Son of Eoshimitsu, the third shTgun'
As&i+a'a 5os&inori
$i)ed &B =une &B?4 to 24 =une &44&'
;u(ed &@ <arch &42? to 24 =une &44&'
-he :
th
0shikaga shTgun' Son of Eoshimitsu, the third shTgun'
As&i+a'a 5os&itane
$i)ed B0 =u(y &4:: to ? 0pri( &@2B'
;u(ed @ =u(y &4?0 to 2? =une &4?B' 0nd again from & =u(y &@0> to 2@ #ec' &@2&'
Eoshitane *as the &0
th
and &2
th
0shikaga ShTgun'
0(so kno*n as Eoshiki or Eoshitada'
Eoshitane (ost 7to *homV9 at ShTgaku8i in &4?& 7V9' Le f(ed and *as rep(aced by
0shikaga Eoshi5umi 7page AAA9'
As&i+a'a 5os&iteru
$i)ed &0 <arch &@B: to &? <ay &@:@'
;u(ed 20 #ec' &@4: to &? <ay &@:@'
35
A*hikaga 5o*hiteru
-he &B
th
0shikaga Shogun' "irst son of Eoshiharu, the t*e(fth shTgun'
Eoshiteru a((ied *ith Losoka*a Larumoto'
6as attacked by <iyoshi ChTkei and <atsunaga Lisahide, (ost and committed
suicide'
As&i+a'a 5os&i-umi
$i)ed &@ #ec' &4>0 to &4 0ug' &@&&'
;u(ed 2J #ec' &4?4 to &: 0pri( &@0>'
&&
th
0shikaga Shogun'
;ep(aced Eoshitane in &4?& but (ater Eoshitane rep(aced him'
As&ina Family
As&ina *ori+iyo
$i)ed &4?0 to &@@B'
As&ina *oris&i'e
As&ina *orita+a
$i)ed &@:0 to &@>B
As&ina *oriu:i
$i)ed &@2& to &@>0'
Aso Family
Aso Hisas&i
$i)ed &>?& to &?40'
Aso 7oretoyo
$i)ed &@4B to &@>4'
Ata'i Fuyuyasu
#ied &@:4'
Ata'i Nobuyasu
Atobe 7atsusu+e
$i)ed &@2? to &@>2'
36
At*u@i 1a-ahi*e
Atsu:i #ada&ise
A)a:i ro4in%e
-he is(and of 0*a8i, bet*een LonshX and Shikoku' -oday it is part of LyTgo
Prefecture'
see a(so3
LyTgo 7pg' A9,
Ayu+a)a 7iyona'a
Ayu+a)a 5os&isu+e
$i)ed : o)' &>>0 to &B "eb' &?:J'
0(so kno*n as 0ika*a Eoshisuke'
0 businessman 7check that9 and po(itician origina((y from Eamaguchi Prefec-
ture'
A-u+i-a+a. /attle of (0132$
-ook p(ace in &@42'
Dda obuhide defeated ,maga*a Eoshimoto'
see a(so3
Dda obunaga 7pg' A9,
,maga*a Eoshimoto 7pg' A9,
05uki5a*a, /att(e of 7&@:49 7pg' A9,
A-u+i-a+a. /attle of (0123$
-ook p(ace in &@:4'
-okuga*a ,eyasu fought the ,kkT-ikki 7pg' A9'
/aba Family , /u-en ro4in%e
/aba Family
/aba Nobufusa
/aba Nobu&aru
#ied &@>2
37
aba Nobukat*u
/aba Nobu+atsu
$i)ed &@&4 to &@J@
/aba Nobus&i'e
/aba Tatsui
$i)ed &@ <ay &>@0 to & o)' &>>>'
/aba Torasada
/a+in
aka 4yokutei /akin
$i)ed &J:J to &>4>
/a+umatsu
=apanese3
-he name gi)en to the (ast years of the -okuga*a ShTgunate'
/an 7o+ei
$i)ed &JBB to &>0:
/an Nobutomo
$i)ed &JJ@ to &>4>
/attles
;ather than (ist e)ery sing(e batt(e in the history of =apan *ith a redirect to an-
other page, there is 8ust this one' /att(es are (isted in K7ame9, /att(e ofG form so
(ook under KnameG instead' -hus the /att(e of Sekigahara is found under KSekiga-
hara, /att(e ofG in the SGs'
-he inde. a(so has a (isting of a(( the batt(es under their entry names as *e(( as a
(ong (ist under K/att(esG'
/e++i #&o-aemon
aka /etsuki Sho5aemonVV
#ied 2& Sep &:@2'
/en "n
#ied &2J?
38
engyoku
/en'yo+u
aka 4ei-a Shonin
$i)ed &>&> to &>>0
/en+ei
aka <usashi-bo
#ied &&>?
6arrior and retainer of <inamoto Eoshitsune' "amous for his martia( e.p(oits'
see a(so3
<inamoto Eoshitsune 7pg' A9,
/en no Nais&i
/enten
aka /en5aiten
/ess&o Family
/ess&o Harusada
/ess&o Na'a&aru
$i)ed &@@> to &@>0
/ess&o Toyo&aru
/ifu+u *on9in
aka "u8i*ara -oku-ko
$i)ed &&&J to &&:0
/in'o ro4in%e
0 pro)ince on the ,n(and Sea side of *estern LonshX, in *hat is today Liroshi-
ma Prefecture' /ingo bordered on /itchX, LTki, ,5umo, ,*ami, and 0ki
Pro)inces'
see a(so3
Liroshima Prefecture 7pg' A9, 0ki Pro)ince 7pg' A9, /itchX Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
LTki Pro)ince 7pg' A9, ,*aki Pro)ince 7pg' A9, ,5umo Pro)ince 7pg' A9, <i-
masaka Pro)ince 7pg' A9
3
ingo no 1aburo
/in'o no #aburo
aka 4o8ima -akanori
/is&amon
/itatsu9tenn8
aka Dsada,
aka unakurafutotama-shiki
;eigned @J2 to @>@'
-he B0
th
Pmperor of =apan'
/it%&> ro4in%e
0 pro)ince on the ,n(and Sea side of *estern LonshX, in *hat is today Dkayama
Prefecture' /itchX bordered on LTki, <imasaki, /i5en, and /ingo Pro)inces'
#ee Also
Dkayama Prefecture 7pg' A9, /ingo Pro)ince 7pg' A9, /i5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
LTki Pro)ince 7pg' A9, <imasaka Pro)ince 7pg' A9
/it8 Family
/it8 Nis&u
$i)ed &J4@ to &>&B
/i-en ro4in%e
0 pro)ince on the ,n(and Sea side of LonshX, in *hat is today Dkayama Prefec-
ture' /i5en borders on <imasaki, Larima, and /itchX Pro)inces'
see a(so3
Dkayama Prefecture 7pg' A9,
/itchX Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Larima Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
<imasaka Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
/o:o Family
0 kuge fami(y descended from "u8i*ara <orosuke'
see a(so3
"u8i*ara "ami(y 7pg' A9,
4#
o@o Family
"u8i*ara <orosuke 7pg' A9,
/omon 7iyotada
#ied &BB>'
0 member of the kuge c(ass' Son of "u8i*ara -oshisuke, 4iyotada *orked
against 0shikaga -akau8i at the court'
/on
-he festi)a( of the dead' Some parts of =apan ce(ebrate /on 7a(so Dbon9 in mid-
=u(y, others in mid-0ugust'
-he spirits of the dead are be(ie)ed to return to earth at /on' #uring this ho(iday,
*hich genera((y (asts about three days, many peop(e return to their hometo*ns to
)isit their fami(ies and say he((o to their ancestors'
/udd&ism
/ukkyo in =apanese' Dne of the t*o main re(igious inf(uences on =apanese cu(-
ture 7ShintT is the other9'
-he man kno*n as the /uddha (i)ed around @@0 /'C' in ,ndia and before he died
he started a re(igion *hose impact on 0sia cannot be measured' 0(though it
e)entua((y died out in its nati)e ,ndia, /uddhism spread to epa(, -ibet, China,
4orea, and =apan, as *e(( as the countries of South Past 0sia' /uddhism *as a(-
ready o)er a thousand years o(d *hen it reached =apan and had changed consid-
erab(y in those years'
-he /uddha *as concerned *ith 8ust one thing --- ho* to end suffering' ,ndians
back then, (ike many today, be(ie)ed that a(( (i)ing things are reborn in a con-
stant cyc(e of birth and death' -he /uddha a(so be(ie)ed this and conc(uded that
if *e cou(d break free from this cyc(e, *e cou(d end the suffering that goes *ith
(i)ing' Lis "our ob(e -ruths sum it up better than , can3
&' 0(( e.istence is suffering'
2' Suffering is caused by desire'
B' ,f you end desire then you end suffering'
4' "o((o*ing the Pight "o(d Path *i(( enab(e you to end desire'
-he Pight "o(d Path describes the proper *ay to (i)e to achie)e en(ightenment' ,t
is not an easy path, and in theory it cou(d take you se)era( (ifetimes to fina((y
transcend the cyc(e of birth and death' -he path demands great sacrifice and dis-
cip(ine' Db)ious(y such a seeming(y pessimistic and difficu(t re(igion is going to
ha)e some pub(ic re(ations prob(ems' =oe 7and =ane9 $ayman doesnGt ha)e
enough spare time to spend hours sitting on his butt meditating' either are most
peop(e rea( interested in gi)ing up married (ife' So *hy has /uddhism been so
popu(arV -he ans*er is simp(e3 in -ibet and China it mi.ed *ith (oca( shamanis-
4!
u--hi*m
tic ideas and practices to become a 1/ig %ehic(e2 offering ritua(s and prayers to
comfort the common peop(e and offer them some hope of sa()ation in this (ife-
time' -he /uddha himse(f *as deified' P)entua((y there *ere a mu(titude of
schoo(s 7sects9 in Past 0sia each stressing some e(ement of the /uddhaGs teach-
ings or those of popu(ar priests after him' ,n Southeast 0sia /uddhism *as not
e.posed to -ibetan or Chinese practices and so has remained much c(oser to
origina( /uddhism' -he /uddhism *hich cameinto =apan *as of the 1/ig %ehi-
c(e2 sort' Pach c(ass found a schoo( of /uddhism that suited its out(ook and sta-
tion' -hus, the imperia( court *as dra*n to sects hea)y in ritua( and phi(osophy'
Commoners genera((y *ent for the simp(er sects *hich promised them sa()ation'
-he samurai found Ren /uddhism perfect(y suited to their needs --- the need to
die at anytime *ithout any hesitation'
0dd info on the introduction of /uddhism to =apan and the )arious schoo(s'
/u+eyas&i+i
aka 1Samurai #istrictGG, the /ukeyashiki is an area in 4ana5a*a *ith o(d samurai
houses from the -okuga*a Period'
see a(so3
4ana5a*a City 7pg' A9,
-okuga*a ShTgunate 7pg' A9,
/u++o 7o+us&i
aka Sogen
$i)ed &22: to &2>:
/u++yo
see /uddhism on page AAA'
/ummei
engT3 &4:?--&4>:
/ump8
engT3 &B&J--&B&>'
/un;an
engT3 &444--&44>
/un;ei
engT3 &2:4--&2J4
4"
ungo %ro&ince
/un'o ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in eastern 4yXshX, *hich bordered on /u5en, LyXga, Ligo, Chiku-
go, and Chiku5en Pro)inces' -oday the area is Sita Prefecture'
see a(so3
/u5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Chikugo Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Chiku5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Ligo Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
LyXga Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Sita Prefecture 7pg' A9,
/un:i
engT3 &&>@--&&>?
/un+an
#ied &B@J
/un+a
engT3 &>04--&>&J
/un+i
engT3 &@0&--&@0B
/un+y>
engT3 &>:&--&>:B'
/unnan
engT3 &444--&44>'
aka /unGan'
/un;8
engT3 &2:0'
/unre+i
engT3 &2B4
aka /unryaku'
43
unroku
/unro+u
engT3 &@?2--&@?@
/unrya+u
engT3 &2B4
aka /unreki'
/unsei
engT3 &>&>--&>2?
/uns&8
engT3 &4::'
/unto+u9tenn8
see <ontoku-tennT on page AAA'
/un)a
engT of the orthern dynasty3 &B@2--&B@@
/unya Family
aka "umiya "ami(y
/uretsu9tenn8
aka Dhatsuse-*aka-sasagi'
-he 2@
th
Pmperor of =apan'
;eigned 4?? to @0:'
/uson
aka -aniguchi /uson
aka Eosa
/utsu #orai
aka Dgui Sorai
$i)ed &::: to &J2>
44
uzen %ro&ince
/u-en ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in northern 4yXshX, *hich bordered on /ungo and Chiku5en
Pro)inces' -oday the area is a part of "ukuoka Prefecture'
#omains 7feifs9 inc(ude akatsu, *orth &20,000 koku and he(d by 4uroda aga-
masa prior to the /att(e of Sekigahara 7he *as mo)ed to a bigger domain after
that batt(e9'
see a(so3
/ungo Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Chiku5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9, "ukuoka Prefecture 7pg'
A9, 4uroda agamasa 7pg' A9, Sekigahara, /att(e of 7pg' A9
C&an' Tso9lin , Curren%y
C&an' Tso9lin
#ied 4 =une &?2>
Chang *as a *ar(ord in orthern China' Le *as assassinated by officers of the
=apanese 4*antung army'
C&ian
C&iba City
-he capita( of Chiba Prefecture'
C&iba Family
C&iba 7anetane
C&iba refe%ture
0rea3 @,&@: km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 Chiba
Popu(ation3 @,J>0,000 7&??:9
C&iba #adatane
$i)ed &2?& to &B@&
45
Chiba 1anetane
C&iba #anetane
C&iba #&i'etane
C&iba Ta+atane
C&iba Tanenao
C&iba Tos&itane
$i)ed &@2> to &@@?
C&iba Tsunetane
/orn on the 24
th
day of the @
th
month of &&&>'
#ied on the 24
th
day of the B
rd
month of &20&'
C&i+amatsu *on-aemon
aka Sugimori obumori
$i)ed &:@B to &J24
C&i+u'o ro4in%e
0n o(d pro)ince in the area that is today part of "ukuoka Prefecture, on 4yXshX'
Chikugo bordered on Li5en, Chiku5en, /ungo, and Ligo Pro)inces'
see a(so3
/ungo Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
"ukuoka 7pg' A9,
Ligo Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Li5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
4yXshX 7pg' A9,
46
Chiku*a Family (-aimyo)
C&i+usa Family (daimyo$
C&i+usa Family (+u'e$
C&i+usa Tada&aru
C&i+usa Tadamoto
C&i+usa Ta+ami%&i
C&i+u-en ro4in%e
Pro)ince in the area that is today part of "ukuoka Prefecture on 4yXshX'
Chiku5en bordered on /u5en, /ungo, Chikugo, and Li5en'
#omains 7feifs9 inc(ude a8ima, *orth @20,000 koku and granted to 4uroda
agamasa after the /att(e of Sekigahara'
see a(so3
/u5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
"ukuoka 7pg' A9,
4uroda agamasa 7pg' A9,
4yXshX 7pg' A9,
Sekigahara, /att(e of 7pg' A9,
C&irya+u
C&itsu
C&o Densu
aka <incho
$i)ed &B@2 to &4B&'
C&8'en
engT3 &02>--&0B:'
47
Ch0h0
C&8&8
engT3 ???--&00B'
C&8:i
engT3 &&04--&&0@'
C&8:8
engT3 &&B2--&&B4'
aka ChTshT'
C&8+an
engT3 &&:B--&&:4'
C&8+ei9tenn8
-he ?>
th
Pmperor of =apan'
;eigned &B:> to &B>B'
C&8+y8
engT3 &4>J--&4>>'
C&8+y>
engo3 &040--&04B'
C&8re+i
engT3 &0BJ--&0B?'
aka ChTryaku'
C&8ro+u
engT3 &4@J--&4@?'
C&8rya+u
engT3 &0BJ--&0B?'
aka ChTreki'
C&8s&8
engT3 &&B2--&&B4'
aka ChT8T'
48
Ch0*okabe Family
C&8so+abe Family
C&8so+abe 7uni%&i+a
$i)ed &@04 to &@:0'
C&8so+abe *ori%&i+a
$i)ed &@J@ to &:&@'
6as on the (osing side at Sekigahara' Le (ater 8oined the defenders at Dsaka Cas-
t(e, for *hich he *as beheaded after the cast(e fe(('
C&8so+abe *oto%&i+a
$i)ed &@B> to &? <ay &@??'
C&8so+abe Nobu%&i+a
$i)ed &@:@ to &@>J'
C&8to+u
engT3 ??@--??>'
C&o Tsu'utsura
$i)ed &@22 to &@JJ'
C&o Tsuratatsu
C&8)a
engT3 &0&2--&0&:'
C&>ai9tenn8
-he &4
th
Pmperor of =apan'
C&>+y89tenn8
-he >@
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed &0 Dct' &2&> to 20 <ay &2B4'
;eigned 20 0pri( &22& to ? =u(y &22&'
Class ?A; @ar Crimes
See 6ar Crimes, C(ass 0 on page AAA
4
Con*titution o! "227
Constitution of 0AAB
-his is a trans(ation of the first constitution of =apan, promu(gated in &>>?'
C6N#TIT=TI6N 6F TH" "*I!" 6F CAAN. 0AAB
,mperia( Dath S*orn in the Sanctuary in the ,mperia( Pa(ace 7-suge-bumi9
6e, the Successor to the prosperous -hrone of Dur Predecessors, do humb(y and
so(emn(y s*ear to the ,mperia( "ounder of Dur Louse and to Dur other ,mperia(
0ncestors that, in pursuance of a great po(icy co-e.tensi)e *ith the Lea)ens and
*ith the Parth, 6e sha(( maintain and secure from dec(ine the ancient form of
go)ernment'
,n consideration of the progressi)e tendency of the course of human affairs and
in para((e( *ith the ad)ance of ci)i(i5ation, 6e deem it e.pedient, in order to
gi)e c(earness and distinctness to the instructions beHueathed by the ,mperia(
"ounder of Dur Louse and by Dur other ,mperia( 0ncestors, to estab(ish funda-
menta( (a*s formu(ated into e.press pro)isions of (a*, so that, on the one hand,
Dur ,mperia( posterity may possess an e.press guide for the course they are to
fo((o*, and that, on the other, Dur sub8ects sha(( thereby be enab(ed to en8oy a
*ider range of action in gi)ing !s their support, and that the obser)ance of Dur
(a*s sha(( continue to the remotest ages of time' 6e *i(( thereby to gi)e greater
firmness to the stabi(ity of Dur country and to promote the *e(fare of a(( the peo-
p(e *ithin the boundaries of Dur dominions+ and 6e no* estab(ish the ,mperia(
Louse $a* and the Constitution' -hese $a*s come to on(y an e.position of
grand precepts for the conduct of the go)ernment, beHueathed by the ,mperia(
"ounder of Dur Louse and by Dur other ,mperia( 0ncestors' -hat *e ha)e been
so fortunate in Dur reign, in keeping *ith the tendency of the times, as to accom-
p(ish this *ork, 6e o*e to the g(orious Spirits of the ,mperia( "ounder of Dur
Louse and of Dur other ,mperia( 0ncestors'
6e no* re)erent(y make Dur prayer to -hem and to Dur ,((ustrious "ather, and
imp(ore the he(p of -heir Sacred Spirits, and make to -hem so(emn oath ne)er at
this time nor in the future to fai( to be an e.amp(e to our sub8ects in the obser-
)ance of the $a*s hereby estab(ished'
<ay the hea)en(y Spirits *itness this Dur so(emn Dath'
Imperial !es%ript on t&e romul'ation of t&e Constitution
6hereas 6e make it the 8oy and g(ory of Dur heart to beho(d the prosperity of
Dur country, and the *e(fare of Dur sub8ects, 6e do hereby, in )irtue of the
Supreme po*er 6e inherit from Dur ,mperia( 0ncestors, promu(gate the present
immutab(e fundamenta( (a*, for the sake of Dur present sub8ects and their de-
scendants'
-he ,mperia( "ounder of Dur Louse and Dur other ,mperia( ancestors, by the
he(p and support of the forefathers of Dur sub8ects, (aid the foundation of Dur
Pmpire upon a basis, *hich is to (ast fore)er' -hat this bri((iant achie)ement em-
be((ishes the anna(s of Dur country, is due to the g(orious )irtues of Dur Sacred
5#
,mperia( ancestors, and to the (oya(ty and bra)ery of Dur sub8ects, their (o)e of
their country and their pub(ic spirit' Considering that Dur sub8ects are the de-
scendants of the (oya( and good sub8ects of Dur ,mperia( 0ncestors, 6e doubt
not but that Dur sub8ects *i(( be guided by Dur )ie*s, and *i(( sympathi5e *ith
a(( Dur endea)ors, and that, harmonious(y cooperating together, they *i(( share
*ith !s Dur hope of making manifest the g(ory of Dur country, both at home
and abroad, and of securing fore)er the stabi(ity of the *ork beHueathed to !s by
Dur ,mperia( 0ncestors'
reamble (or "di%t$ (Coyu$
La)ing, by )irtue of the g(ories of Dur 0ncestors, ascended the throne of a (inea(
succession unbroken for ages eterna(+ desiring to promote the *e(fare of, and to
gi)e de)e(opment to the mora( and inte((ectua( facu(ties of Dur be(o)ed sub8ects,
the )ery same that ha)e been fa)ored *ith the bene)o(ent care and affectionate
)igi(ance of Dur 0ncestors+ and hoping to maintain the prosperity of the State, in
concert *ith Dur peop(e and *ith their support, 6e hereby promu(gate, in pur-
suance of Dur ,mperia( ;escript of the &2th day of the &0th month of the &4th
year of <ei8i, a fundamenta( (a* of the State, to e.hibit the princip(es, by *hich
6e are guided in Dur conduct, and to point out to *hat Dur descendants and Dur
sub8ects and their descendants are fore)er to conform'
-he right of so)ereignty of the State, 6e ha)e inherited from Dur 0ncestors, and
6e sha(( beHueath them to Dur descendants' either 6e nor they sha(( in the fu-
ture fai( to *ie(d them, in accordance *ith the pro)isions of the Constitution
hereby granted'
6e no* dec(are to respect and protect the security of the rights and of the prop-
erty of Dur peop(e, and to secure to them the comp(ete en8oyment of the same,
*ithin the e.tent of the pro)isions of the present Constitution and of the (a*'
-he ,mperia( #iet sha(( first be con)oked for the 2Brd year of <ei8i and the time
of its opening sha(( be the date, *hen the present Constitution comes into force'
6hen in the future it may become necessary to amend any of the pro)isions of
the present Constitution, 6e or Dur successors sha(( assume the initiati)e right,
and submit a pro8ect for the same to the ,mperia( #iet' -he ,mperia( #iet sha((
pass its )ote upon it, according to the conditions imposed by the present Consti-
tution, and in no other*ise sha(( Dur descendants or Dur sub8ects be permitted to
attempt any a(teration thereof'
Dur <inisters of State, on Dur beha(f, sha(( be he(d responsib(e for the carrying
out of the present Constitution, and Dur present and future sub8ects sha(( fore)er
assume the duty of a((egiance to the present Constitution'
I. TH" "*"!6!
0rtic(e &' -he Pmpire of =apan sha(( be reigned o)er and go)erned by a (ine of
Pmperors unbroken for ages eterna('
5!
0rtic(e 2' -he ,mperia( -hrone sha(( be succeeded to by ,mperia( ma(e descen-
dants, according to the pro)isions of the ,mperia( Louse $a*'
0rtic(e B' -he Pmperor is sacred and in)io(ab(e'
0rtic(e 4' -he Pmperor is the head of the Pmpire, combining in Limse(f the
rights of so)ereignty, and e.ercises them, according to the pro)isions of the
present Constitution'
0rtic(e @' -he Pmperor e.ercises the (egis(ati)e po*er *ith the consent of the
,mperia( #iet'
0rtic(e :' -he Pmperor gi)es sanction to (a*s, and orders them to be promu(gat-
ed and e.ecuted'
0rtic(e J' -he Pmperor con)okes the ,mperia( #iet, opens, c(oses, and prorogues
it, and disso()es the Louse of ;epresentati)es'
0rtic(e >' -he Pmperor, in conseHuence of an urgent necessity to maintain pub(ic
safety or to a)ert pub(ic ca(amities, issues, *hen the ,mperia( #iet is not sitting,
,mperia( ordinances in the p(ace of (a*'
729 Such ,mperia( Drdinances are to be (aid before the ,mperia( #iet at its ne.t
session, and *hen the #iet does not appro)e the said Drdinances, the Go)ern-
ment sha(( dec(are them to be in)a(id for the future'
0rtic(e ?' -he Pmperor issues or causes to be issued, the Drdinances necessary
for the carrying out of the (a*s, or for the maintenance of the pub(ic peace and
order, and for the promotion of the *e(fare of the sub8ects' /ut no Drdinance
sha(( in any *ay a(ter any of the e.isting (a*s'
0rtic(e &0' -he Pmperor determines the organi5ation of the different branches of
the administration, and sa(aries of a(( ci)i( and mi(itary officers, and appoints and
dismisses the same' P.ceptions especia((y pro)ided for in the present Constitu-
tion or in other (a*s, sha(( be in accordance *ith the respecti)e pro)isions 7bear-
ing thereon9'
0rtic(e &&' -he Pmperor has the supreme command of the 0rmy and a)y'
0rtic(e &2' -he Pmperor determines the organi5ation and peace standing of the
0rmy and a)y'
0rtic(e &B' -he Pmperor dec(ares *ar, makes peace, and conc(udes treaties'
0rtic(e &4' -he Pmperor dec(ares a state of siege'
729 -he conditions and effects of a state of siege sha(( be determined by (a*'
0rtic(e &@' -he Pmperor confers tit(es of nobi(ity, rank, orders and other marks
of honor'
0rtic(e &:' -he Pmperor orders amnesty, pardon, commutation of punishments
and rehabi(itation'
5"
0rtic(e &J' 0 ;egency sha(( be instituted in conformity *ith the pro)isions of the
,mperia( Louse $a*'
729 -he ;egent sha(( e.ercise the po*ers appertaining to the Pmperor in Lis
name'
II. !IDHT# AND D=TI"# 6F #=/C"CT#
0rtic(e &>' -he conditions necessary for being a =apanese sub8ect sha(( be deter-
mined by (a*'
0rtic(e &?' =apanese sub8ects may, according to Hua(ifications determined in (a*s
or ordinances, be appointed to ci)i( or mi(itary or any other pub(ic offices eHua(-
(y'
0rtic(e 20' =apanese sub8ects are amenab(e to ser)ice in the 0rmy or a)y, ac-
cording to the pro)isions of (a*'
0rtic(e 2&' =apanese sub8ects are amenab(e to the duty of paying ta.es, according
to the pro)isions of (a*'
0rtic(e 22' =apanese sub8ects sha(( ha)e the (iberty of abode and of changing the
same *ithin the (imits of the (a*'
0rtic(e 2B' o =apanese sub8ect sha(( be arrested, detained, tried or punished, un-
(ess according to (a*'
0rtic(e 24' o =apanese sub8ect sha(( be depri)ed of his right of being tried by
the 8udges determined by (a*'
0rtic(e 2@' P.cept in the cases pro)ided for in the (a*, the house of no =apanese
sub8ect sha(( be entered or searched *ithout his consent'
0rtic(e 2:' P.cept in the cases mentioned in the (a*, the secrecy of the (etters of
e)ery =apanese sub8ect sha(( remain in)io(ate'
0rtic(e 2J' -he right of property of e)ery =apanese sub8ect sha(( remain in)io(ate'
729 <easures necessary to be taken for the pub(ic benefit sha(( be any pro)ided
for by (a*'
0rtic(e 2>' =apanese sub8ects sha((, *ithin (imits not pre8udicia( to peace and or-
der, and not antagonistic to theirduties as sub8ects, en8oy freedom of re(igious be-
(ief'
0rtic(e 2?' =apanese sub8ects sha((, *ithin the (imits of (a*, en8oy the (iberty of
speech, *riting, pub(ication, pub(ic meetings and associations'
0rtic(e B0' =apanese sub8ects may present petitions, by obser)ing the proper
forms of respect, and by comp(ying *ith the ru(es specia((y pro)ided for the
same'
53
0rtic(e B&' -he pro)isions contained in the present Chapter sha(( not affect the
e.ercises of the po*ers appertaining to the Pmperor, in times of *ar or in cases
of a nationa( emergency'
0rtic(e B2' Pach and e)ery one of the pro)isions contained in the preceding 0rti-
c(es of the present Chapter, that are not inconf(ict *ith the (a*s or the ru(es and
discip(ine of the 0rmy and a)y, sha(( app(y to the officers and men of the
0rmy and of the a)y'
III. TH" I*"!IAE DI"T
0rtic(e BB' -he ,mperia( #iet sha(( consist of t*o Louses, a Louse of Peers and a
Louse of ;epresentati)es'
0rtic(e B4' -he Louse of Peers sha((, in accordance *ith the ordinance concern-
ing the Louse of Peers, be composed of the members of the ,mperia( "ami(y, of
the orders of nobi(ity, and of those *ho ha)e been nominated thereto by the Pm-
peror'
0rtic(e B@' -he Louse of ;epresentati)es sha(( be composed of members e(ected
by the peop(e, according to the pro)isions of the (a* of P(ection'
0rtic(e B:' o one can at one and the same time be a <ember of both Louses'
0rtic(e BJ' P)ery (a* reHuires the consent of the ,mperia( #iet'
0rtic(e B>' /oth Louses sha(( )ote upon pro8ects of (a* submitted to it by the
Go)ernment, and may respecti)e(y initiate pro8ects of (a*'
0rtic(e B?' 0 /i((, *hich has been re8ected by either the one or the other of the
t*o Louses, sha(( not be brought in again during the same session'
0rtic(e 40' /oth Louses can make representations to the Go)ernment, as to (a*s
or upon any other sub8ect' 6hen, ho*e)er, such representations are not accept-
ed, they cannot be made a second time during the same session'
0rtic(e 4&' -he ,mperia( #iet sha(( be con)oked e)ery year'
0rtic(e 42' 0 session of the ,mperia( #iet sha(( (ast during three months' ,n case
of necessity, the duration of a session may be pro(onged by the ,mperia( Drder'
0rtic(e 4B' 6hen urgent necessity arises, an e.traordinary session may be con-
)oked in addition to the ordinary one'
729 -he duration of an e.traordinary session sha(( be determined by ,mperia( Dr-
der'
0rtic(e 44' -he opening, c(osing, pro(ongation of session and prorogation of the
,mperia( #iet, sha(( be effected simu(taneous(y for both Louses'
729 ,n case the Louse of ;epresentati)es has been ordered to disso()e, the Louse
of Peers sha(( at the same time be prorogued'
54
0rtic(e 4@' 6hen the Louse of ;epresentati)es has been ordered to disso()e,
<embers sha(( be caused by ,mperia( Drder to be ne*(y e(ected, and the ne*
Louse sha(( be con)oked *ithin fi)e months from the day of disso(ution'
0rtic(e 4:' o debate can be opened and no )ote can be taken in either Louse of
the ,mperia( #iet, un(ess not (ess than one-third of the *ho(e number of <em-
bers thereof is present'
0rtic(e 4J' %otes sha(( be taken in both Louses by abso(ute ma8ority' ,n the case
of a tie )ote, the President sha(( ha)e the casting )ote'
0rtic(e 4>' -he de(iberations of both Louses sha(( be he(d in pub(ic' -he de(iber-
ations may, ho*e)er, upon demand of the Go)ernment or by reso(ution of the
Louse, be he(d in secret sitting'
0rtic(e 4?' /oth Louses of the ,mperia( #iet may respecti)e(y present addresses
to the Pmperor'
0rtic(e @0' /oth Louses may recei)e petitions presented by sub8ects'
0rtic(e @&' /oth Louses may enact, besides *hat is pro)ided for in the present
Constitution and in the $a* of the Louses, ru(es necessary for the management
of their interna( affairs'
0rtic(e @2' o <ember of either Louse sha(( be he(d responsib(e outside the re-
specti)e Louses, for any opinion uttered or for any )ote gi)en in the Louse'
6hen, ho*e)er, a <ember himse(f has gi)en pub(icity to his opinions by pub(ic
speech, by documents in print or in *riting, or by any other simi(ar means, he
sha((, in the matter, be amenab(e to the genera( (a*'
0rtic(e @B' -he <embers of both Louses sha((, during the session, be free from
arrest, un(ess *ith the consent of the Louse, e.cept in cases of f(agrant de(icts, or
of offenses connected *ith a state of interna( commotion or *ith a foreign trou-
b(e'
0rtic(e @4' -he <inisters of State and the #e(egates of the Go)ernment may, at
any time, take seats and speak in either Louse'
IF. TH" *INI#T"!# 6F #TAT" AND TH" !IF5 C6=NCIE
0rtic(e @@' -he respecti)e <inisters of State sha(( gi)e their ad)ice to the Pmper-
or, and be responsib(e for it'
729 0(( $a*s, ,mperia( Drdinances, and ,mperia( ;escripts of *hate)er kind, that
re(ate to the affairs of the state, reHuire the countersignature of a <inister of
State'
0rtic(e @:' -he Pri)y Counci((ors sha((, in accordance *ith the pro)isions for the
organi5ation of the Pri)y Counci(, de(iberate upon important matters of State
*hen they ha)e been consu(ted by the Pmperor'
F. TH" C=DICAT=!"
55
0rtic(e @J' -he =udicature sha(( be e.ercised by the Courts of $a* according to
(a*, in the name of the Pmperor'
729 -he organi5ation of the Courts of $a* sha(( be determined by (a*'
0rtic(e @>' -he 8udges sha(( be appointed from among those, *ho possess proper
Hua(ifications according to (a*'
729 o 8udge sha(( be depri)ed of his position, un(ess by *ay of crimina( sen-
tence or discip(inary punishment'
7B9 ;u(es for discip(inary punishment sha(( be determined by (a*'
0rtic(e @?' -ria(s and 8udgments of a Court sha(( be conducted pub(ic(y' 6hen,
ho*e)er, there e.ists any fear, that such pub(icity may be pre8udicia( to peace
and order, or to the maintenance of pub(ic mora(ity, the pub(ic tria( may be sus-
pended by pro)isions of (a* or by the decision of the Court of $a*'
0rtic(e :0' 0(( matters that fa(( *ithin the competency of a specia( Court, sha((
be specia((y pro)ided for by (a*'
0rtic(e :&' o suit at (a*, *hich re(ates to rights a((eged to ha)e been infringed
by the i((ega( measures of the administrati)e authorities, and *hich sha(( come
*ithin the competency of the Court of 0dministrati)e $itigation specia((y estab-
(ished by (a*, sha(( be taken cogni5ance of by Court of $a*'
FI. FINANC"
0rtic(e :2' -he imposition of a ne* ta. or the modification of the rates 7of an e.-
isting one9 sha(( be determined by (a*'
729 Lo*e)er, a(( such administrati)e fees or other re)enue ha)ing the nature of
compensation sha(( not fa(( *ithin the category of the abo)e c(ause'
7B9 -he raising of nationa( (oans and the contracting of other (iabi(ities to the
charge of the ationa( -reasury, e.cept those that are pro)ided in the /udget,
sha(( reHuire the consent of the ,mperia( #iet'
0rtic(e :B' -he ta.es (e)ied at present sha((, in so far as they are not remode((ed
by a ne* (a*, be co((ected according to the o(d system'
0rtic(e :4' -he e.penditure and re)enue of the State reHuire the consent of the
,mperia( #iet by means of an annua( /udget'
729 0ny and a(( e.penditures o)erpassing the appropriations set forth in the -it(es
and Paragraphs of the /udget, or that are not pro)ided for in the /udget, sha((
subseHuent(y reHuire the approbation of the ,mperia( #iet'
0rtic(e :@' -he /udget sha(( be first (aid before the Louse of ;epresentati)es'
0rtic(e ::' -he e.penditures of the ,mperia( Louse sha(( be defrayed e)ery year
out of the ationa( -reasury, according to the present fi.ed amount for the same,
56
and sha(( not reHuire the consent thereto of the ,mperia( #iet, e.cept in case an
increase thereof is found necessary'
0rtic(e :J' -hose a(ready fi.ed e.penditures based by the Constitution upon the
po*ers appertaining to the Pmperor, and such e.penditures as may ha)e arisen
by the effect of (a*, or that appertain to the (ega( ob(igations of the Go)ernment,
sha(( be neither re8ected nor reduced by the ,mperia( #iet, *ithout the concur-
rence of the Go)ernment'
0rtic(e :>' ,n order to meet specia( reHuirements, the Go)ernment may ask the
consent of the ,mperia( #iet to a certain amount as a Continuing P.penditure
"und, for a pre)ious(y fi.ed number of years'
0rtic(e :?' ,n order to supp(y deficiencies, *hich are una)oidab(e, in the /udget,
and to meet reHuirements unpro)ided for in the same, a ;eser)e "und sha(( be
pro)ided in the /udget'
0rtic(e J0' 6hen the ,mperia( #iet cannot be con)oked, o*ing to the e.terna( or
interna( condition of the country, in case of urgent need for the maintenance of
pub(ic safety, the Go)ernment may take a(( necessary financia( measures, by
means of an ,mperia( Drdinance'
729 ,n the case mentioned in the preceding c(ause, the matter sha(( be submitted
to the ,mperia( #iet at its ne.t session, and its approbation sha(( be obtained
thereto'
0rtic(e J&' 6hen the ,mperia( #iet has not )oted on the /udget, or *hen the
/udget has not been brought into actua( e.istence, the Go)ernment sha(( carry
out the /udget of the preceding year'
0rtic(e J2' -he fina( account of the e.penditures and re)enues of the State sha((
be )erified and confirmed by the /oard of 0udit, and it sha(( be submitted by the
Go)ernment to the ,mperia( #iet, together *ith the report of )erification of the
said board'
729 -he organi5ation and competency of the /oard of 0udit sha(( of determined
by (a* separate(y'
FII. #=E"*"NTA!5 !=E"#
0rtic(e JB' 6hen it has become necessary in future to amend the pro)isions of
the present Constitution, a pro8ect to the effect sha(( be submitted to the ,mperia(
#iet by ,mperia( Drder'
729 ,n the abo)e case, neither Louse can open the debate, un(ess not (ess than
t*o-thirds of the *ho(e number of <embers are present, and no amendment can
be passed, un(ess a ma8ority of not (ess than t*o-thirds of the <embers present is
obtained'
0rtic(e J4' o modification of the ,mperia( Louse $a* sha(( be reHuired to be
submitted to the de(iberation of the ,mperia( #iet'
57
729 o pro)ision of the present Constitution can be modified by the ,mperia(
Louse $a*'
0rtic(e J@' o modification can be introduced into the Constitution, or into the
,mperia( Louse $a*, during the time of a ;egency'
0rtic(e J:' P.isting (ega( enactments, such as (a*s, regu(ations, Drdinances, or
by *hate)er names they may be ca((ed, sha((, so far as they do not conf(ict *ith
the present Constitution, continue in force'
729 0(( e.isting contracts or orders, that entai( ob(igations upon the Go)ernment,
and that are connected *ith e.penditure, sha(( come *ithin the scope of 0rtic(e
:J'
Constitution of 0B32
=apan is a constitutiona( monarchy' -he current constitution *as (arge(y *ritten
by the Dccupation authorities in &?4@--&?4:' ,t rep(aced =apanGs origina( consti-
tution, *hich many peop(e fee( had f(a*s that made it unsuitab(e for a modern
democracy' -he origina( constitution *as promu(gated in &>>? 7see page A'
TH" C6N#TIT=TI6N 6F CAAN. 0B32
Promu(gated on o)ember B, &?4:+ Put into effect on <ay B, &?4J'
6e, the =apanese peop(e, acting through our du(y e(ected representati)es in the
ationa( #iet, determined that *e sha(( secure for ourse()es and our posterity the
fruits of peacefu( cooperation *ith a(( nations and the b(essings of (iberty
throughout this (and, and reso()ed that ne)er again sha(( *e be )isited *ith the
horrors of *ar through the action of go)ernment, do proc(aim that so)ereign
po*er resides *ith the peop(e and do firm(y estab(ish this Constitution' Go)ern-
ment is a sacred trust of the peop(e, the authority for *hich is deri)ed from the
peop(e, the po*ers of *hich are e.ercised by the representati)es of the peop(e,
and the benefits of *hich are en8oyed by the peop(e' -his is a uni)ersa( princip(e
of mankind upon *hich this Constitution is founded' 6e re8ect and re)oke a((
constitutions, (a*s, ordinances, and rescripts in conf(ict here*ith'
6e, the =apanese peop(e, desire peace for a(( time and are deep(y conscious of
the high idea(s contro((ing human re(ationship, and *e ha)e determined to pre-
ser)e our security and e.istence, trusting in the 8ustice and faith of the peace-(o)-
ing peop(es of the *or(d' 6e desire to occupy an honored p(ace in an interna-
tiona( society stri)ing for the preser)ation of peace, and the banishment of tyran-
ny and s(a)ery, oppression and into(erance for a(( time from the earth' 6e recog-
ni5e that a(( peop(es of the *or(d ha)e the right to (i)e in peace, free from fear
and *ant'
6e be(ie)e that no nation is responsib(e to itse(f a(one, but that (a*s of po(itica(
mora(ity are uni)ersa(+ and that obedience to such (a*s is incumbent upon a(( na-
tions *ho *ou(d sustain their o*n so)ereignty and 8ustify their so)ereign re(a-
tionship *ith other nations'
58
Con*titution o! "7$#
6e, the =apanese peop(e, p(edge our nationa( honor to accomp(ish these high
idea(s and purposes *ith a(( our resources'
I. TH" "*"!6!
0rtic(e &' -he Pmperor sha(( be the symbo( of the State and of the unity of the
peop(e, deri)ing his position from the *i(( of the peop(e *ith *hom resides
so)ereign po*er'
0rtic(e 2' -he ,mperia( -hrone sha(( be dynastic and succeeded to in accordance
*ith the ,mperia( Louse (a* passed by the #iet'
0rtic(e B' -he ad)ice and appro)a( of the Cabinet sha(( be reHuired for a(( acts of
the Pmperor in matters of state, and the Cabinet sha(( be responsib(e therefor'
0rtic(e 4' -he Pmperor sha(( perform on(y such acts in matters of state as are
pro)ided for in this Constitution and he sha(( not ha)e po*ers re(ated to go)ern-
ment'
729 -he Pmperor may de(egate the performance of his acts in matters of state as
may be pro)ided by (a*'
0rtic(e @' 6hen, in accordance *ith the ,mperia( Louse (a*, a ;egency is estab-
(ished, the ;egent sha(( perform his acts in matter of state in the PmperorGs name'
,n this case, paragraph one of the artic(e *i(( be app(icab(e'
0rtic(e :' -he Pmperor sha(( appoint the Prime <inister as designated by the #i-
et'
729 -he Pmperor sha(( appoint the Chief =udge of the Supreme Court as designat-
ed by the Cabinet'
0rtic(e J' -he Pmperor, *ith the ad)ice and appro)a( of the Cabinet, sha(( per-
form the fo((o*ing acts in makers of state on beha(f of the peop(e3
7i9 Promu(gation of amendments of the constitution, (a*s, cabinet orders and
treaties+
7ii9 Con)ocation of the #iet+
7iii9#isso(ution of the Louse of ;epresentati)es+
7i)9 Proc(amation of genera( e(ection of members of the #iet+
7)9 0ttestation of the appointment and dismissa( of <inisters of State and other
officia(s as pro)ided for by (a*, and of fu(( po*ers and credentia(s of 0mbas-
sadors and <inisters+
7)i9 0ttestation of genera( and specia( amnesty, commutation of punishment, re-
prie)e, and restoration of rights+
7)ii90*arding of honors+
5
7)iii9 0ttestation of instruments of ratification and other dip(omatic documents as
pro)ided for by (a*+
7i.9 ;ecei)ing foreign ambassadors and ministers+
7.9 Performance of ceremonia( functions'
0rtic(e >' o property can be gi)en to, or recei)ed by, the ,mperia( Louse, nor
can any gifts be made therefrom, *ithout the authori5ation of the #iet'
II. !"N=NCIATI6N 6F @A!
0rtic(e ?' 0spiring sincere(y to an internationa( peace based on 8ustice and order,
the =apanese peop(e fore)er renounce *ar as a so)ereign right of the nation and
the threat or use of force as a mean of sett(ing internationa( disputes'
729 ,n order to accomp(ish the aim of the preceding paragraph, (and, sea, and air
forces, as *e(( as other *ar potentia(, *i(( ne)er be maintained' -he right of be(-
(igerency of the state *i(( not be recogni5ed'
CHAT"! III. !IDHT# AN6 D=TI"# 6F TH" "6E"
0rtic(e &0' -he conditions necessary for being a =apanese nationa( sha(( be deter-
mined by (a*'
0rtic(e &&' -he peop(e sha(( not be pre)ented from en8oying any of the funda-
menta( human rights' -hese fundamenta( human rights guaranteed to the peop(e
by this Constitution sha(( be conferred upon the peop(e of this and future genera-
tions as eterna( and in)io(ate rights'
0rtic(e &2' -he freedoms and rights guaranteed to the peop(e by this Constitution
sha(( be maintained by the constant endea)or of the peop(e, *ho sha(( refrain
from any abuse of these freedoms and rights and sha(( a(*ays be responsib(e for
uti(i5ing them for the pub(ic *e(fare'
0rtic(e &B' 0(( of the peop(e sha(( be respected as indi)idua(s' -heir right to (ife,
(iberty, and the pursuit of happiness sha((, to the e.tent that it does not interfere
*ith the pub(ic *e(fare, be the supreme consideration in (egis(ation and in other
go)ernmenta( affairs'
0rtic(e &4' 0(( of the peop(e are eHua( under the (a* and there sha(( be no dis-
crimination in po(itica(, economic or socia( re(ations because of race, creed, se.,
socia( status or fami(y origin'
729 Peers and peerage sha(( not be recogni5ed'
7B9 o pri)i(ege sha(( accompany any a*ard of honor, decoration or any distinc-
tion, nor sha(( any such a*ard be )a(id beyond the (ifetime of the indi)idua( *ho
no* ho(ds or hereafter may recei)e it'
0rtic(e &@' -he peop(e ha)e the ina(ienab(e right to choose their pub(ic officia(s
and to dismiss them'
6#
729 0(( pub(ic officia(s are ser)ants of the *ho(e community and not of any
group thereof'
7B9 !ni)ersa( adu(t suffrage is guaranteed *ith regard to the e(ection of pub(ic
officia(s'
749 ,n a(( e(ections, secrecy of the ba((ot sha(( not be )io(ated' 0 )oter sha(( not
be ans*erab(e, pub(ic(y or pri)ate(y, for the choice he has made'
0rtic(e &:' P)ery person sha(( ha)e the right of peacefu( petition for the redress
of damage, for the remo)a( of pub(ic officia(s, for the enactment, repea( or
amendment of (a*, ordinances or regu(ations and for other matters, nor sha(( any
person be in any *ay discriminated against sponsoring such a petition'
0rtic(e &J' P)ery person may sue for redress as pro)ided by (a* from the State
or a pub(ic entity, in case he has suffered damage through i((ega( act of any pub-
(ic officia('
0rtic(e &>' o person sha(( be he(d in bondage of any kind' ,n)o(untary ser)i-
tude, e.cept as punishment for crime, is prohibited
0rtic(e &?' "reedom of thought and conscience sha(( not be )io(ated'
0rtic(e 20' "reedom of re(igion is guaranteed to a((' o re(igious organi5ation
sha(( recei)e any pri)i(eges from the State nor e.ercise any po(itica( authority'
729 o person sha(( be compe((ed to take part in any re(igious acts, ce(ebration,
rite or practice'
7B9 -he state and its organs sha(( refrain from re(igious education or any other re-
(igious acti)ity'
0rtic(e 2&' "reedom of assemb(y and association as *e(( as speech, press and a((
other forms of e.pression are guaranteed'
729 o censorship sha(( be maintained, nor sha(( the secrecy of any means of
communication be )io(ated'
0rtic(e 22' P)ery person sha(( ha)e freedom to choose and change his residence
and to choose his occupation to the e.tent that it does not interfere *ith the pub-
(ic *e(fare'
729 "reedom of a(( persons to mo)e to a foreign country and to di)est themse()es
of their nationa(ity sha(( be in)io(ate'
0rtic(e 2B' 0cademic freedom is guaranteed'
0rtic(e 24' <arriage sha(( be based on(y on the mutua( consent of both se.es and
it sha(( be maintained through mutua( cooperation *ith the eHua( rights of hus-
band and *ife as a basis'
729 6ith regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domi-
ci(e, di)orce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the fami(y, (a*s sha((
6!
be enacted from the standpoint of indi)idua( dignity and the essentia( eHua(ity of
the se.es'
0rtic(e 2@' 0(( peop(e sha(( ha)e the right to maintain the minimum standards of
*ho(esome and cu(tured (i)ing'
729 ,n a(( spheres of (ife, the State sha(( use its endea)ors for the promotion and
e.tension of socia( *e(fare and security, and of pub(ic hea(th'
0rtic(e 2:' 0(( peop(e sha(( ha)e the right to recei)e an eHua( education corre-
spondent to their abi(ity, as pro)ided by (a*'
729 0(( peop(e sha(( be ob(igated to ha)e a(( boys and gir(s under their protection
recei)e ordinary educations as pro)ided for by (a*' Such compu(sory education
sha(( be free'
0rtic(e 2J' 0(( peop(e sha(( ha)e the right and the ob(igation to *ork'
729 Standards for *ages, hours, rest and other *orking conditions sha(( be fi.ed
by (a*'
7B9 Chi(dren sha(( not be e.p(oited'
0rtic(e 2>' -he right of *orkers to organi5e and to bargain and act co((ecti)e(y is
guaranteed'
0rtic(e 2?' -he right to o*n or to ho(d property is in)io(ab(e'
729 Property rights sha(( be defined by (a*, in conformity *ith the pub(ic *e(-
fare'
7B9 Pri)ate property may be taken for pub(ic use upon 8ust compensation there-
for'
0rtic(e B0' -he peop(e sha(( be (iab(e to ta.ations as pro)ided by (a*'
0rtic(e B&' o person sha(( be depri)ed of (ife or (iberty, nor sha(( any other
crimina( pena(ty be imposed, e.cept according to procedure estab(ished by (a*'
0rtic(e B2' o person sha(( be denied the right of access to the courts'
0rtic(e BB' o person sha(( be apprehended e.cept upon *arrant issued by a
competent 8udicia( officer *hich specifies the offense *ith *hich the person is
charged, un(ess he is apprehended, the offense being committed'
0rtic(e B4' o person sha(( be arrested or detained *ithout being at once in-
formed of the charges against him or *ithout the immediate pri)i(ege of counse(+
nor sha(( he be detained *ithout adeHuate cause+ and upon demand of any person
such cause must be immediate(y sho*n in open court in his presence and the
presence of his counse('
0rtic(e B@' -he right of a(( persons to be secure in their homes, papers and effects
against entries, searches and sei5ures sha(( not be impaired e.cept upon *arrant
6"
issued for adeHuate cause and particu(ar(y describing the p(ace to be searched
and things to be sei5ed, or e.cept as pro)ided by 0rtic(e BB'
729 Pach search or sei5ure sha(( be made upon separate *arrant ,ssued by a com-
petent 8udicia( officer'
0rtic(e B:' -he inf(iction of torture by any pub(ic officer and crue( punishments
are abso(ute(y forbidden'
0rtic(e B?' ,n a(( crimina( cases the accused sha(( en8oy the right to a speedy and
pub(ic tria( by an impartia( tribuna('
729 Le sha(( be permitted fu(( opportunity to e.amine a(( *itnesses, and he sha((
ha)e the right of compu(sory process for obtaining *itnesses on his beha(f at
pub(ic e.pense'
7B9 0t a(( times the accused sha(( ha)e the assistance of competent counse( *ho
sha((, if the accused is unab(e to secure the same by his o*n efforts, be assigned
to his use by the State'
0rtic(e B>' o person sha(( be compe((ed to testify against himse(f'
729 Confession made under compu(sion, torture or threat, or after pro(onged ar-
rest or detention sha(( not be admitted in e)idence'
7B9 o person sha(( be con)icted or punished in cases *here the on(y proof
against him is his o*n confession'
0rtic(e B?' o person sha(( be he(d crimina((y (iab(e for an act *hich *as (a*fu(
at the time it *as committed, or of *hich he has been acHuitted, nor sha(( he be
p(aced in doub(e 8eopardy'
0rtic(e 40' 0ny person, in case he is acHuitted after he has been arrested or de-
tained, may sue the State for redress as pro)ided by (a*'
IF. TH" DI"T
0rtic(e 4&' -he #iet sha(( be the highest organ of state po*er, and sha(( be the
so(e (a*-making organ of the State'
0rtic(e 42' -he #iet sha(( consist of t*o Louses, name(y the Louse of ;epresen-
tati)es and the Louse of Counci((ors'
0rtic(e 4B' /oth Louses sha(( consist of e(ected members, representati)e of a((
the peop(e'
729 -he number of the members of each Louse sha(( be fi.ed by (a*'
0rtic(e 44' -he Hua(ifications of members of both Louses and their e(ectors sha((
be fi.ed by (a*' Lo*e)er, there sha(( be no discrimination because of race,
creed, se., socia( status, fami(y origin, education, property or income'
63
0rtic(e 4@' -he term of office of members of the Louse of ;epresentati)es sha((
be four years' Lo*e)er, the term sha(( be terminated before the fu(( term is up in
case the Louse of ;epresentati)es is disso()ed'
0rtic(e 4:' -he term of office of members of the Louse of Counci((ors sha(( be
si. years, and e(ection for ha(f the members sha(( take p(ace e)ery three years'
0rtic(e 4J' P(ectora( districts, method of )oting and other matters pertaining to
the method of e(ection of members of both Louses sha(( be fi.ed by (a*'
0rtic(e 4>' o person sha(( be permitted to be a member of both Louses simu(ta-
neous(y'
0rtic(e 4?' <embers of both Louses sha(( recei)e appropriate annua( payment
from the nationa( treasury in accordance *ith (a*'
0rtic(e @0' P.cept in cases pro)ided by (a*, members of both Louses sha(( be
e.empt from apprehension *hi(e the #iet is in session, and any members appre-
hended before the opening of the session sha(( be freed during the term of the
session upon demand of the Louse'
0rtic(e @&' <embers of both Louses sha(( not be he(d (iab(e outside the Louse
for speeches, debates or )otes cast inside the Louse'
0rtic(e @2' 0n ordinary session of the #iet sha(( be con)oked once per year'
0rtic(e @B' -he Cabinet may determine to con)oke e.traordinary sessions of the
#iet' 6hen a Huarter or more of the tota( members of either house makes the de-
mand, the Cabinet must determine on such con)ocation'
0rtic(e @4' 6hen the Louse of ;epresentati)es is disso()ed, there must be a gen-
era( e(ection of members of the Louse of ;epresentati)es *ithin forty 7409 days
from the date of disso(ution, and the #iet must be con)oked *ithin thirty 7B09
days from the date of the e(ection'
729 6hen the Louse of ;epresentati)es is disso()ed, the Louse of Counci((ors is
c(osed at the same time' Lo*e)er, the Cabinet may in time of nationa( emergen-
cy con)oke the Louse of Counci((ors in emergency session'
7B9 <easures taken at such session as mentioned in the pro)iso of the preceding
paragraph sha(( be pro)isiona( and sha(( become nu(( and )oid un(ess agreed to
by the Louse of ;epresentati)es *ithin a period of ten 7&09 days after the open-
ing of the ne.t session of the #iet'
0rtic(e @@' Pach Louse sha(( 8udge disputes re(ated to Hua(ifications of its mem-
bers' Lo*e)er, in order to deny a seat to any member, it is necessary to pass a
reso(ution by a ma8ority of t*o-thirds or more of the members present'
0rtic(e @:' /usiness cannot be transacted in either Louse un(ess one third or
more of tota( membership is present'
64
729 0(( matters sha(( be decided, in each Louse, by a ma8ority of those present,
e.cept as e(se*here pro)ided in the Constitution, and in case of a tie, the presid-
ing officer sha(( decide the issue'
0rtic(e @J' #e(iberation in each Louse sha(( be pub(ic' Lo*e)er, a secret meet-
ing may be he(d *here a ma8ority of t*o-thirds or more of those members
present passes a reso(ution therefor'
729 Pach Louse sha(( keep a record of proceedings' -his record sha(( be pub-
(ished and gi)en genera( circu(ation, e.cepting such parts of proceedings of se-
cret session as may be deemed to reHuire secrecy'
7B9 !pon demand of one-fifth or more of the members present, )otes of the
members on any matter sha(( be recorded in the minutes'
0rtic(e @>' Pach house sha(( se(ect its o*n president and other officia(s'
729 Pach Louse sha(( estab(ish its ru(es pertaining to meetings, proceedings and
interna( discip(ine, and may punish members for disorder(y conduct' Lo*e)er, in
order to e.pe( a member, a ma8ority of t*o-thirds or more of those members
present must pass a reso(ution thereon'
0rtic(e @?' 0 bi(( becomes a (a* on passage by both Louses, e.cept as other*ise
pro)ided by the Constitution'
729 0 bi(( *hich is passed by the Louse of ;epresentati)es, and upon *hich the
Louse of Counci((ors makes a decision different from that of the Louse of ;ep-
resentati)es, becomes a (a* *hen passed a second time by the Louse of ;epre-
sentati)es by a ma8ority of t*o-thirds or more of the members present'
7B9 -he pro)ision of the preceding paragraph does not prec(ude the Louse of
;epresentati)es from ca((ing for the meeting of a 8oint committee of both Lous-
es, pro)ided for by (a*'
749 "ai(ure by the Louse of Counci((ors to take fina( action *ithin si.ty 7:09 days
after receipt of a bi(( passed by the Louse of ;epresentati)es, time in recess e.-
cepted, may be determined by the Louse of ;epresentati)es to constitute a re8ec-
tion of the said bi(( by the Louse of Counci((ors'
0rtic(e :0' -he /udget must first be submitted to the Louse of ;epresentati)es'
729 !pon consideration of the budget, *hen the Louse of Counci((ors makes a
decision different from that of the Louse of ;epresentati)es, and *hen no agree-
ment can be reached e)en through a 8oint committee of both Louses, pro)ided
for by (a*, or in the case of fai(ure by the Louse of Counci((ors to take fina( ac-
tion *ithin thirty 7B09 days, the period of recess e.c(uded, after the receipt of the
budget passed by the Louse of ;epresentati)es, the decision of the Louse of
;epresentati)es sha(( be the decision of the #iet'
0rtic(e :&' -he second paragraph of the preceding artic(e app(ies a(so to the #iet
appro)a( reHuired for the conc(usion of treaties'
65
0rtic(e :2' Pach Louse may conduct in)estigations in re(ation to go)ernment,
and may demand the presence and testimony of *itnesses, and the production of
records'
0rtic(e :B' -he Prime <inister and other <inisters of State may, at any time, ap-
pear in either Louse for the purpose of speaking on bi((s, regard(ess of *hether
they are members of the Louse or not' -hey must appear *hen their presence is
reHuired in order to gi)e ans*ers or e.p(anations'
0rtic(e :4' -he #iet sha(( set up an impeachment court from among the members
of both Louses for the purpose of trying 8udges against *hom remo)a( proceed-
ings ha)e been instituted'
729 <atters re(ating to impeachment sha(( be pro)ided by (a*'
F. TH" CA/IN"T
0rtic(e :@' P.ecuti)e po*er sha(( be )ested in the Cabinet'
0rtic(e ::' -he Cabinet sha(( consist of the Prime <inister, *ho sha(( be its head,
and other <inisters of State, as pro)ided for by (a*'
729 -he Prime <inister and other <inister of State must be ci)i(ians'
7B9 -he Cabinet, in the e.ercise of e.ecuti)e po*er, sha(( be co((ecti)e(y respon-
sib(e to the #iet'
0rtic(e :J' -he Prime <inister sha(( be designated from among the members of
the #iet by a reso(ution of the #iet' -his designation sha(( precede a(( other busi-
ness'
729 ,f the Louse of ;epresentati)es and the Louse of Counci((ors disagrees and if
no agreement can be reached e)en through a 8oint committee of both Louses,
pro)ided for by (a*, or the Louse of Counci((ors fai(s to make designation *ith-
in ten 7&09 days, e.c(usi)e of the period of recess, after the Louse of ;epresenta-
ti)es has made designation, the decision of the Louse of ;epresentati)es sha(( be
the decision of the #iet'
0rtic(e :>' -he Prime <inister sha(( appoint the <inisters of State' Lo*e)er, a
ma8ority of their number must be chosen from among the members of the #iet'
729 -he Prime <inister may remo)e the <inisters of State as he chooses'
0rtic(e :?' ,f the Louse of ;epresentati)es passes a non-confidence reso(ution,
or re8ects a confidence reso(ution, the Cabinet sha(( resign en masse, un(ess the
Louse of ;epresentati)es is disso()ed *ith ten 7&09 days'
0rtic(e J0' 6hen there is a )acancy in the post of Prime <inister, or upon the
first con)ocation of the #iet after a genera( e(ection of members of the Louse of
;epresentati)es, the Cabinet sha(( resign en masse'
0rtic(e J&' ,n the cases mentioned in the t*o preceding artic(es, the Cabinet sha((
continue its functions unti( the time *hen a ne* Prime <inister is appointed'
66
0rtic(e J2' -he Prime <inister, representing the Cabinet, submits bi((s, reports
on genera( nationa( affairs and foreign re(ations to the #iet and e.ercises contro(
and super)ision o)er )arious administrati)e branches'
0rtic(e JB' -he Cabinet, in addition to other genera( administrati)e functions,
sha(( perform the fo((o*ing functions3
7i9 0dminister the (a* faithfu((y+ conduct affairs of state+
7ii9 <anage foreign affairs+
7iii9Conc(ude treaties' Lo*e)er, it sha(( obtain prior or, depending on circum-
stances, subseHuent appro)a( of the #iet+
7i)9 0dminister the ci)i( ser)ice, in accordance *ith standards estab(ished by
(a*+
7)9 Prepare the budget, and present it to the #iet+
7)i9 Pnact cabinet orders in order to e.ecute the pro)isions of this Constitution
and of the (a*' Lo*e)er, it cannot inc(ude pena( pro)isions in such cabinet or-
ders un(ess authori5ed by such (a*'
7)ii9#ecide on genera( amnesty, specia( amnesty, commutation of punishment,
reprie)e, and restoration of rights'
0rtic(e J4' 0(( (a*s and cabinet orders sha(( be signed by the competent <inister
of state and countersigned by the Prime <inister'
0rtic(e J@' -he <inisters of state, during their tenure of office, sha(( not be sub-
8ect to (ega( action *ithout the consent of the Prime <inister' Lo*e)er, the right
to take that action is not impaired hereby'
FI. C=DICIA!5
0rtic(e J:' -he *ho(e 8udicia( po*er is )ested in a Supreme Court and in such
inferior courts as are estab(ished by (a*'
729 o e.traordinary tribuna( sha(( be estab(ished, nor sha(( any organ or agency
of the P.ecuti)e be gi)en fina( 8udicia( po*er'
7B9 0(( 8udges sha(( be independent in the e.ercise of their conscience and sha((
be bound on(y by this Constitution and the (a*s'
0rtic(e JJ' -he Supreme Court is )ested *ith the ru(e-making po*er under
*hich it determines the ru(es of procedure and of practice, and of matters re(at-
ing to attorneys, the interna( discip(ine of the courts and the administration of 8u-
dicia( affairs'
729 Pub(ic procurators sha(( be sub8ect to the ru(e-making po*er of the Supreme
Court'
67
7B9 -he Supreme Court may de(egate the po*er to make ru(es for inferior courts
to such courts'
0rtic(e J>' =udges sha(( not be remo)ed e.cept by pub(ic impeachment un(ess 8u-
dicia((y dec(ared menta((y or physica((y incompetent to perform officia( duties'
o discip(inary action against 8udges sha(( be administered by any e.ecuti)e or-
gan or agency'
0rtic(e J?' -he Supreme Court sha(( consist of a Chief =udge and such number of
8udges as may be determined by (a*+ a(( such 8udges e.cepting the Chief =udge
sha(( be appointed by the Cabinet'
729 -he appointment of the 8udges of the Supreme Court sha(( be re)ie*ed by the
peop(e at the first genera( e(ection of members of the Louse of ;epresentati)es
fo((o*ing their appointment, and sha(( be re)ie*ed again at the first genera( e(ec-
tion of members of the Louse of ;epresentati)es after a (apse of ten 7&09 years,
and in the same manner thereafter'
7B9 ,n cases mentioned in the foregoing paragraph, *hen the ma8ority of the )ot-
ers fa)ors the dismissa( of a 8udge, he sha(( be dismissed'
749 <atters pertaining to re)ie* sha(( be prescribed by (a*'
7@9 -he 8udges of the Supreme Court sha(( of retired upon the attainment of the
age as fi.ed by (a*'
7:9 0(( such 8udges sha(( recei)e, at regu(ar stated inter)a(s, adeHuate compensa-
tion *hich sha(( not be decreased during their terms of office'
0rtic(e >0' -he 8udges of the inferior courts sha(( be appointed by the Cabinet
from a (ist of persons nominated by the Supreme Court' 0(( such 8udges sha((
ho(d office for a term of ten 7&09 years *ith pri)i(ege of reappointment, pro)ided
that they sha(( be retired upon the attainment of the age as fi.ed by (a*'
729 -he 8udges of the inferior courts sha(( recei)e, at regu(ar stated inter)a(s, ade-
Huate compensation *hich sha(( not be decreased during their terms of office'
0rtic(e >&' -he Supreme Court is the court of (ast resort *ith po*er to determine
the constitutiona(ity of any (a*, order, regu(ation or officia( act'
0rtic(e >2' -ria(s sha(( be conducted and 8udgment dec(ared pub(ic(y'
729 6here a court unanimous(y determines pub(icity to be dangerous to pub(ic
order or mora(s, a tria( may be conducted pri)ate(y, but tria(s of po(itica( offens-
es, offenses in)o()ing the press or cases *herein the rights of peop(e as guaran-
teed in Chapter ,,, of this Constitution are in Huestion sha(( a(*ays be conducted
pub(ic(y'
FII. FINANC"
0rtic(e >B' -he po*er to administer nationa( finances sha(( be e.ercised as the
#iet sha(( determine'
68
0rtic(e >4' o ne* ta.es sha(( be imposed or e.isting ones modified e.cept by
(a* or under such conditions as (a* may prescribe'
0rtic(e >@' o money sha(( be e.pended, nor sha(( the State ob(igate itse(f, e.-
cept as authori5ed by the #iet'
0rtic(e >:' Cabinet sha(( prepare and submit to the #iet for its consideration and
decision a budget for each fisca( year'
0rtic(e >J' ,n order to pro)ide for unforeseen deficiencies in the budget, a re-
ser)e fund may be authori5ed by the #iet to be e.pended upon the responsibi(ity
of the Cabinet'
729 -he Cabinet must get subseHuent appro)a( of the #iet for a(( payments from
the reser)e fund'
0rtic(e >>' 0(( property of the ,mperia( Louseho(d sha(( be(ong to the State' 0((
e.penses of the ,mperia( Louseho(d sha(( be appropriated by the #iet in the bud-
get'
0rtic(e >?' o pub(ic money or other property sha(( be e.pended or appropriated
for the use, benefit or maintenance of any re(igious institution or association or
for any charitab(e, educationa( bene)o(ent enterprises not under the contro( of
pub(ic authority'
0rtic(e ?0' "ina( accounts of the e.penditures and re)enues of State sha(( be au-
dited annua((y by a /oard of 0udit and submitted by the Cabinet to the #iet, to-
gether *ith the statement of audit, during the fisca( year immediate(y fo((o*ing
the period co)ered'
729 -he organi5ation and competency of the /oard of 0udit sha(( determined by
(a*'
0rtic(e ?&' 0t regu(ar inter)a(s and at (east annua((y the Cabinet sha(( report to
the #iet and the peop(e on the state of nationa( finances'
FIII. E6CAE #"EF9D6F"!N*"NT
0rtic(e ?2' ;egu(ations concerning organi5ation and operations of (oca( pub(ic
entities sha(( be fi.ed by (a* in accordance *ith the princip(e of (oca( autonomy'
0rtic(e ?B' -he (oca( pub(ic entities sha(( estab(ish assemb(ies as their de(ibera-
ti)e organs, in accordance *ith (a*'
729 -he chief e.ecuti)e officers of a(( (oca( pub(ic entities, the members of their
assemb(ies, and such other (oca( officia(s as may be determined by (a* sha(( be
e(ected by direct popu(ar )ote *ithin their se)era( communities'
0rtic(e ?4' $oca( entities sha(( ha)e the right to manage their property, affairs
and administration and to enact their o*n regu(ations *ithin (a*'
6
0rtic(e ?@' 0 specia( (a*, app(icab(e to one (oca( pub(ic entity, cannot be enacted
by the #iet *ithout the consent of the ma8ority of the )oters of the (oca( pub(ic
entity concerned, obtained in accordance *ith (a*'
IG. A*"ND*"NT#
0rtic(e ?:' 0mendment to this Constitution sha(( be initiated by the #iet, through
a concurring )ote of t*o-thirds or more of a(( the members of each Louse and
sha(( thereupon be submitted to the peop(e for ratification *hich sha(( reHuire the
affirmati)e )ote of a ma8ority of a(( )otes cast thereon, at specia( referendum or
at such e(ection as the #iet sha(( specify'
729 0mendments *hen so ratified sha(( immediate(y be promu(gated by the Pm-
peror in the name of the peop(e, as an integra( part of this Constitution'
G. #=!"*" EA@
0rtic(e ?J' -he fundamenta( human rights by this Constitution guaranteed to the
peop(e of =apan are fruits of the age-o(d strugg(e of man to be free+ they ha)e
sur)i)ed the many e.acting tests for durabi(ity and are conferred upon this and
future generations in trust, to be he(d for a(( time in)io(ate'
0rtic(e ?>' -his Constitution sha(( be the supreme (a* of the nation and no (a*,
ordinance, imperia( rescript or other act of go)ernment, or part thereof, contrary
to the pro)isions hereof, sha(( ha)e (ega( force or )a(idity'
729 -he treaties conc(uded by =apan and estab(ished (a*s of nations sha(( be
faithfu((y obser)ed'
0rtic(e ??' -he Pmperor or the ;egent as *e(( as <inisters of State, members of
the #iet, 8udges, and a(( other pub(ic officia(s ha)e the ob(igation to respect and
upho(d this Constitution'
GI. #=E"*"NTA!5 !6FI#I6N#
0rtic(e &00' -his Constitution sha(( be enforced as from the day *hen the period
of si. months *i(( ha)e e(apsed counting from the day of its promu(gation'
729 -he enactment of (a*s necessary for the enforcement of this Constitution the
e(ection of members of the Louse of Counci((ors and the procedure for the con-
)ocation of the #iet and other preparatory procedures for the enforcement of this
Constitution may be e.ecuted before the day prescribed in the preceding para-
graph'
0rtic(e &0&' ,f the Louse of Counci(ors is not constituted before the effecti)e
date of this Constitution, the Louse of ;epresentati)es sha(( function as the #iet
unti( such time as the Louse of Counci(ors sha(( be constituted'
0rtic(e &02' -he term of office for ha(f the members of the Louse of Counci((ors
ser)ing in the first term under this Constitution sha(( be three years' <embers
fa((ing under this category sha(( be determined in accordance *ith (a*'
7#
0rtic(e &0B' -he <inisters of State, members of the Louse of ;epresentati)es,
and 8udges in office on the effecti)e date of this Constitution, and a(( other pub(ic
officia(s, *ho occupy positions corresponding to such positions as are recog-
ni5ed by this Constitution sha(( not forfeit their positions automatica((y on ac-
count of the enforcement of this Constitution un(ess other*ise specified by (a*'
6hen, ho*e)er, successors are e(ected or appointed under the pro)isions of this
Constitution, they sha(( forfeit their positions as a matter of course'
see a(so3
Constitution of &>>? 7pg' A9,
Cryptolo'y
-he combined science of making and breaking codes, ciphers, and other methods
of secret communication 7hereafter refered to genera((y as codes, un(ess other-
*ise stated9' -he science of making codes is ca((ed 1cryptography2 and that of
breaking them is ca((ed 1cryptana(ysis2'
-here is not much crypto(ogica( history in =apan C prior to the t*entieth centu-
ry, on(y a fe* simp(e codes *ere used and there seems to ha)e been no practice of
cryptana(ysis at a(('
-here seems to be a(most no crypto(ogy in =apan before the 6arring States Pe-
riod 7senkoku8idai9, during *hich !esugi 4enshin and Dda obunaga are be-
(ie)ed to ha)e used simp(e substitution ciphers' ,n the conte.t of *or(d crypto(ogi-
ca( history, this is )ery (ate' =u(ius Caesar reported(y used a substition cipher and
e)en before that the Spartans of Greek *ere using a transposition cipher *ith a
*ooden stick as the key' -hus peop(e in the <editerranean had used both ma8or
ciphers systems 7transposition and substitution9 o)er &,@00 years before !esugi
*as born'
$itt(e is kno*n about *hat steps the <ei8i go)ernment took to secure their
communications' "rom the -aishT Period, ho*e)er, there is more information' ,t
is not unti( the ShT*a Period, that the ,mperia( =apanese 0rmy decides to acti)e(y
impro)e its crypto(ogica( abi(ities'
Superficia((y, they *ere successfu(' ,n rea(ity, they *ere impro)ing their abi(i-
ties in the o(d-fashioned, pre-"irst 6or(d 6ar, traditiona( crypto(ogy' !nfortu-
nate(y, the enemy they *ere fighting in China from the mid-&?B0s *as a(so using
traditiona( crypto(ogica( systems' -his (ike(y ga)e the 0rmy the impression that
their training *as *orth*hi(e' !nfortunate(y, the ski((s the 0rmy honed in China
*ou(d be of (imited assistance in the Second 6or(d 6ar, *hen =apan faced se)er-
a( enemies, a(( of *hom *ere soon at the forefront of modern crypto(ogy'
Capanese Cryptolo'y From t&e 0100s to 0B00s
Senkokujidai Daimy8
-he cipher system that !esugi used is basica((y a simp(e substitution usua((y
kno*n in Png(ish as a Po(ybius sHuare or 1checkerboard'2 -he i-ro-ha a(phabet
7!
Cryptology
contains forty-eight (etters, so a se)en-by-se)en sHuare is used, *ith one of the
ce((s (eft b(ank' -he ro*s and co(umns are (abe(ed *ith a number or a (etter' ,n
-ab(e >, the numbers start in the top (eft, as does the i-ro-ha a(phabet' ,n practice
these cou(d start in any corner'
& 2 B 4 @ : J
& i ro ha ni ho he to
2 chi ri nu ru *o *a ka
B yo ta re so tsu ne na
4 ra mu u i
&
no o ku
@ ya ma ke fu ko e te
: a sa ki yu me mi shi
J e hi mo se su n
Table & i'o'ha Al(habet) 1'% Checkeboad Ci(he
-o encipher, find the p(ainte.t (etter in the sHuare and rep(ace it *ith the num-
ber of that ro* and co(umn' So using the sHuare abo)e, kougeki becomes @@ 4B @B
:B or @@ B4 B@ B: if the correspondents decided ahead of time on co(umn-ro* or-
der' -he prob(em of *hat to do in the case of (etters such as 1ga,2 1de,2 and 1pe2
that do not appear in the i)ro)ha a(phabet is a)oided by using the base form of the
(etter instead C as abo)e *here 1kougeki2 becomes 1koukeki'GG
2
-echnica((y, this is
a serious f(a* because some messages may ha)e t*o or more eHua((y )a(id deci-
pherments' -o a)oid this the encipherer may ha)e had to rephrase messages'
-he co(umn and ro* headers do not ha)e to be numbers' Dne common )aria-
tion is to use (etters' -his *as common in Puropean cryptography and is found in
the !esugi cipher as *e((' Lo*e)er, the =apanese cipher had a t*ist that ne)er
seems to ha)e been used in the 6est+ using a the (ast &4 (etters of a waka poem to
fi(( in the ro* and co(umn headers' -ab(e ? is from page &:2 of Mtakaga*aN200BO
and gi)es an e.amp(e of this, using 1tsurenakumieshiakinoyufukure'GG
-his system of using a 1checkerboard2 to con)ert an a(phabet into numbers or
(etters *as described by Po(ybius o)er 2000 years ago' -here are three main ad-
)antages to this system' "irst, con)erting (etters into numbers a((o*s for )arious
mathematica( transformations *hich are not possib(e or not as easy *ith (etters C
super-enciphering for e.amp(e' Second, the checkerboard system reduces the tota(
number of characters' 6hether con)erting to numbers or (etters, the Po(ybius
sHuare reduces 2@ Png(ish (etters
B
to fi)e characters' !esugiGs sHuare reduces to
se)en' -his reduction makes crytana(ysis s(ight(y more difficu(t than simp(e one-
to-one substitution' 0nother benefit of the reduction in the number of (etters is
& different, o(der form of i in &&
2 Mtakaga*aN200BO pg &:&
B -o fit the Png(ish a(phabet into a fi)e-by-fi)e sHuare, the encoder either drops one (etter or
puts t*o in one sHuare'
7"
Cryptology
that it reduces the chance of error in communicating the message' -he (etters of
the German 0#G"A system in 6or(d 6ar , *ere chosen because in morse code
they are Huite distinct and thus it *as un(ike(y that an error in the morse code
transmission *ou(d accident(y turn one (etter into another' -his *ou(d ha)e been
important for a sengoku daimyT, for instance, if he e.perimented *ith sending
coded messages o)er (ong distances by torches, f(ags, po(es, or simi(ar system'
re ku fu yu no ki a
e a ya ra yo chi i tsu
hi sa ma mu ta ri ro re
mo ki ke u re nu ha na
se yu fu i so ru ni ku
su me ko no tsu *o ho mi
n mi e o ne *a he e
shi te ku na ka to shi
Table * Checkeboad Ci(he +sin, -aka Poe. / 0taka,a1a223334) (, 1$25
"ina((y, a(though the checkerboard system doub(es the (ength of messages,
breaking each p(ainte.t (etter into t*o cipherte.t (etters a((o*s for separate trans-
formations on each of the ha()es' Lo*e)er, this does not seem to ha)e been used
much in 0merican or Puropean crypto(ogy and =apanese crypto(ogists apparent(y
did not use it at a(('
,t is not kno*n ho* or e)en if !esugi actua((y used the se)en-by-se)en
checkerboard system' -he scarcity of e)idence makes it impossib(e to dra* any
firm conc(usions but tentati)e(y it seems that senkoku period daimyT did not ha)e
much use for crypto(ogy' Df course it is possib(e that they did ha)e their 1b(ack
chambers2 and that those chambers *ere shrouded in such secrecy that no hint of
their e.istence escaped' -his seems un(ike(y ho*e)er' Se)era( daimyT compi(ed
codes of conduct or books of ad)ice on go)erning for their offspring' Lad crypto(-
ogy been an important factor in the success of such men, they might be e.pected
to pass that ad)antage a(ong to their successor' -he fact that they did not do so, in
*riting at (east, does not pro)e anything but, in (ight of the other e)idence C and
(ack of it C does make the e.istence of b(ack chambers of the Puropean sort seem
un(ike(y'
7#id messengers carry the p(ainte.t on paper or did they memori5e itV9
-he history of crypto(ogy in =apan sho*s t*o things' "irst, the fact that substi-
tution ciphers e.isted makes the fai(ure of the =apanese to impro)e on the substi-
tution cipher or to in)ent the transposition cipher much harder to e.p(ain' Second,
the (ack of a strong cryptographic tradition suggests C a(most reHuires C a corre-
sponding(y *eak cryptana(ytic tradition' ,n fact there seems to be no cryptana(ysis
in =apanese history before the (ate &>00s'
73
Cryptology
T&e Bakumatsu and "arly *ei:i eriods
Curren%y
/ills
Yen Graphic (page #) Size (mm)
&0000 "uku5a*a Eukichi 79 J:.&:0
&0000 "uku5a*a Eukichi 79 J:.&:0
&0000 ShTtoku-tennT 79 >4.&J4
@000 itobe ,na5o 79 J:.&@@
@000 itobe ,na5o 79 J:.&@@
@000 ShTtoku-tennT 79 >0.&:?
2000 Shurei-mon 79 J:.&@4
&000 atsume Soseki 79 J:.&@0
&000 ,tT Lirobumi 79 J:.&:4
&000 ,tT Lirobumi 79 J:.&:4
&000 ShTtoku-tennT 79 J:.&:4
@00 ,*akura -omomi 79 J2.&@?
Table 13 Potaits on 6a(anese 7ills
Yen From To Seria No!
&0000 o) &, &?>4 present /(ack
&0000 #ec &, &??B present /ro*n
&0000 #ec &, &?@> =an 4, &?>:
@000 o) &, &?>4 present /(ack
@000 #ec &, &??B present /ro*n
@000 Dct &, &?@J =an 4, &?>4
2000 =u( &?, 2000 present
&000 o) &, &?>4 present /(ack
&000 o) &, &??0 present /(ue
&000 #ec &, &??B present /ro*n
&000 0pr B, 2000 present #ark Green
&000 o) &, &?:B =an 4, &?>: /(ack
74
Currency
Yen From To Seria No!
&000 =u( &, &?J: =an 4, &?>: /(ue
&000 =an J, &?@0 =an 4, &?:@
@00 o) &, &?:? 0pr &, &??4
Table 11 Dates o! +se !o 6a(anese 7ills
Coins
Daido *asas&i'e , Dut%& Eearnin'
Daido:i *asas&i'e
Daid8
engT3 >0:-->0?
Daiei
engT3 &@2&--&@2J'
aka -eiei'
Dai'o9tenn8
-he :0
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed &> =an' >>@ to 2? Sept' ?B0'
;eigned B =u(y >?J to 22 Sept' ?B0'
Dai:i
engT3 &&2:--&&B0'
aka -ai8i'
Daimy8
=apanese3
-it(e gi)en to po*erfu( (ords' $itera((y means Kbig namesG in Png(ish' #uring the
-okuga*a shogunate, any (ord *ho contro((ed (ands that produced more than
&0,000 koku *as considered a daimyo'
see a(so3
-okuga*a ShTgunate 7pg' A9, 4oku 7pg' A9,
75
,ait*u@i+yama
Daitsu:i9yama
Dan Ta+uma
$i)ed & 0ug' &>@> to @ <arch &?B2 7assassinated9
6as a member of the ,*akura <ission'
Studied mining in the !'S' and taught at -okyo !ni)ersity after his return' $ater
*orked at the go)ernment-o*ned <iike coa( mine+ 8oined <itsui *hen they
bought the mine from the go)ernment' Le rose in the <itsui ranks and e)entua(-
(y *as in charge of a(( of their mining operations'
/ecame a *e((-kno*n and inf(uentia( businessman'
0ssassinated by Lishinuma 7EonumaV9 Goro, a member of the /(ood $eague
7doub(e check that9, on @ <arch &?B2'
see a(so3
/(ood $eague 7pg' A9,
Lishinuma Goro 7pg' A9,
,*akura <ission 7pg' A9,
<iike Coa( <ine 7pg' A9,
<ining 7pg' A9,
<itsui 7pg' A9,
-okyo !ni)ersity 7pg' A9,
Date Family
#aimyT fami(y from <utsu 7pg AAA9'
#escended from the "u8i*ara 7pg AAA9'
Date Harumune
$i)ed &@&? to &@JJ'
Date *asamune
$i)ed B 0ug' &@:J to 24 0ug' &:B:'
Date *unenari
aka #ate <uneki
$i)ed & 0ug' &>&> to 20 #ec' &>?2
76
,ate Munenari
0 to5ama daimyT *ho he(d !*a8ima 7&00,000 koku, pg AAA9' Le *as a re-
former *ho imp(imented se)era( Puropean ideas in his mi(itary and han adminis-
tration' Drigina((y inf(uentia( in the <ei8i go)ernment, #ate faded a*ay after the
abo(ition of the han'
Date #&i'e-ane
$i)ed &@:> to &:4:'
Date Tadamune
#ied &:@>'
-adamune *as the son of #ate <asamune'
Date Terumune
$i)ed &@4B to &@>@'
Diet
=apanGs $egis(ati)e /ody 7he(pfu(, ainGt it9
Dodo Family
Doi&ara 7en:i
Doi 7iyona'a
Doi #ane&ira
Doi Tos&i+atsu
$i)ed &@JB to &:44'
-he son of <i5uno obumoto 7pg AAA9' 0dopted by #oi -oshimasa'
-oshikatsu *as an important ad)isor to -okuga*a ,emitsu 7pg AAA9'
Doi Tos&imasa
Doolittle !aid
Dn the morning of &> 0pri( &?42, &: /-2@ bombers took off from the !nited
States aircraft carrier Lornet' -heir target3 =apan' -hirteen of them dropped their
(oads on -okyo *hi(e the remaining three attacked agoya' Physica( damage
*as s(ight but the attacks did shock many =apanese, *ho had assumed their *as
no *ay the enemy cou(d get to them'
77
,oolittle ;ai-
Dn the surface the #oo(itt(e raid *as a suicide mission C there *as abso(ute(y
no *ay the p(anes cou(d get back to the Lornet and e)en if they cou(d, the /-2@
*as not rea((y a carrier-based p(ane' -aking off pro)ed possib(e but (anding on a
carrier *as not an option' ,n )ie* of this, the officia( p(an ca((ed for the pi(ots to
head for friend(y bases in China after attacking =apan' 0 coup(e of p(anes e)en
made it'
70dd the detai(s on *hat happened ne.tFF9
Dos&is&a =ni4ersity
Dut%& Eearnin'
aka ;angaku
#utch (earning is a genera( term for 6estern science and medicine that fi(tered
into =apan through the #utch during the -okuga*a period'
#uring the period of sakoku, 16estern2 *as c(ose(y associated *ith 1Chris-
tian2 and since Christianity *as banned the effect *as that most e)erything 6est-
ern *as banned' 0s time *ent on, the =apanese fe(( techno(ogica((y further and
further behind the 6est' -he #utch at #e8ima tried to make the /akufu a*are of
this' ,n genera( the /akufu *asnGt interested---a(though ShTgun Eoshimune did
(oosen restrictions on foreign books in &J20' Se)era( samurai took an interest in
(earning some of the more ob)ious(y practica( arts from the #utch' ,n medicine,
for e.amp(e, it *as an easy thing to compare a rea( corpse *ith the dra*ings in
6estern medica( books and those in Chinese / =apanese medica( books' -he 6est-
ern ones *ere more accurate and the cures contained in them cou(d soon be seen
to be more effecti)e' <ore abstract pursuits a(so had some fo((o*ers'
"%&i'o ro4in%e , "t8 #&inpei
"%&i'o ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in north-centra( =apan, on the Sea of =apan side' ,t bordered on !5en,
,*ashiro, 4Ttsuke, Shinano, and PtchX' -oday the area is kno*n as iigata Pre-
fecture'
7,,;C, iigata inc(udes Sado ,s(and but Pchigo did not --- must doub(e check
this9
see a(so3
PtchX Pro)ince 7pg' A9, ,*ashiro Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4T5uke Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
iigata Prefecture 7pg' A9, Shinano Pro)ince 7pg' A9, !5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
"%&i-en ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in centra( LonshX, on the Sea of =apan side' ,t borders on 4aga,
Lida, <ino, Smi, and 6akasa' -he area is today part of "ukui Prefecture'
78
/chizen %ro&ince
see a(so3
"ukui Prefecture 7pg' A9, Lida Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4aga Pro)ince 7pg' A9, <ino
Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Smi Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 6akasa Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
"do
-he -okuga*a Shogunate *as centered in Pdo' 0s a resu(t, *hat had been a
sma(( )i((age e)entua((y became, during the -okuga*a period, one of the biggest
cities in the *or(d'
0fter the <ei8i ;estoration 7pg AAA9, the (eaders of the ne* imperia( go)ern-
ment mo)ed the Pmperor into -okuga*a cast(e in Pdo and renamed the city
-okyo, the KPastern Capita(G'
"&ime refe%ture
0rea3 @,:J@ km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 <atsuyama
Popu(ation3 &,@20,000 7&??:9
"i%&8
engT3 &0?:--&0?:'
"ien
engT3 ?>J--?>>'
"i&8
engT3 &0>&--&0>B'
"i:i
engT3 &&4&Z&&4&'
"i+an
engT3 ?>BZ?>4'
"i+y8
engT3 &42?Z&440'
"i+y>
engT3 &&&B--&&&J'
7
/iman
"iman
engT3 &&:@--&&:@'
"inin
engT3 &2?B--&2?>'
"iro+u
engT3 &@@>--&@:?'
"irya+u
engT3 &&:0--&&:0'
"isai
$i)ed 20 0pri( &&4& to &2&@'
Pisai *as a monk *ho *ent to China more than once and is credited *ith intro-
ducing tea to =apan' Le *as a(so responsib(e for bui(ding and directing se)era(
/uddhist temp(es of the Ren schoo('
"is&8
engT3 &04:--&0@2'
aka Pi8T'
"iso
engT3 ?>?--?>?'
"ito+u
engT of the orthern #ynasty3 &B>&--&B>B'
"i)a
engT of the orthern #ynasty3 &BJ@--&BJ>'
":iri Castle
"mbun
engT of the orthern #ynasty3 &B@:--&B:0'
8#
/mperor*
"mperors
<any of the emperors prior to about @00 0'#' are mytho(ogica(' !he Historical
and Geographical Dictionary of Japan entry for the Kihon-kiG 7pg 44>9 has a
good summary of ho* unre(iab(e the info on ear(y emperors is'
-he tab(e of emperors is no* on page 7A;P"9'
"mp8
engT3 &:JB--&:>0'
"n%&8
engT3 ?2B--?B0'
"ndo *otonobu
"n'en
engT3 &BB:--&BB?'
"n'i
engT3 ?0&--?22'
"n:o:i Nobutane
#ied &@>4'
Samurai *ho fought and died at the /att(e of Dkina*ate 7pg AAA9'
"n+ei
engT3 &B0>Z&B&0'
0(so kno*n as PnkyT' See that entry on page AAA for more information' 7but
there isnGt much there at the moment9
"n+y8
engT3 &B0>--&B&0'
"n+y8
engT3 &J44--&J4J'
"n+y>
engT3 &0:?--&0JB'
8!
/nH0
"n;8
engT3 &2B?--&2B?'
"nrya+u
engT3 J>2-->0@'
"nto+u
engT3 &4>?--&4?&'
"n;y>9tenn8
-he :4
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed 2 <arch ?@? to &2 "eb' ??&
;eigned &B 0ug' ?:? to 2J 0ug' ?>4'
"ifth son of Pmperor <urakami'
"t%&> ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in centra( LonshX, on the Sea of =apan side' ,t bordered Pchigo, Shi-
nano, Lida, 4aga, and oto' -he area is today -oyama Prefecture'
see a(so3
Pchigo Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Lida Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
4aga Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
oto Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Shinano Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
-oyama Prefecture 7pg' A9,
"t8 #&inpei
$i)ed ? "eb' &>B4 to &B 0pri( &>J4'
0 samurai from Saga 7pg AAA9, Shinpei he(d posts in the <ei8i go)ernment' Le
resigned o)er the in)asion of 4orea'
,n &>J4, Shinpei (ed Saga samurai against the go)ernment in the Saga ;ebe((ion
7pg AAA9'
8"
Femini*m Fuwa Mit*uharu
Feminism , Fu)a *itsu&aru
Feminism
Fi4e9o)ers Treaty
-reaty negotiated by "rance, Great /ritain, ,ta(y, =apan, and the !nited States at
the 6ashington a)a( Conference of &?2&-&?22'
-he "i)e-Po*ers -reaty dea(t *ith na)a( arms (imitations' -here *ere to be no
ne* capita( ships constructed for ten years C *ith the e.ception that each po*er
cou(d con)ert t*o batt(e cruisers under construction into aircraft carriers' 0ircraft
carriers cou(d be no bigger than 2J,000 tons' 7-he t*o con)erted-batt(e-cruiser
aircraft carriers cou(d be up to BB,000 tons'9
-he si5e of na)ies *as (imited' -he ratio for capita( ships *as &03&03:3:3: for
Great /ritain, -he !nited States, "rance, =apan, and ,ta(y'
#ee Also
6ashington a)a( Conference 7pg B049
Formosa "Hpedition
Four9o)ers Treaty
-reaty negotiated by "rance, Great /ritain, =apan, and the !nited States at the
6ashington a)a( Conference of &?2&-&?22'
-he "our-Po*ers -reaty confirmed the status-Huo in the Pacific *ith respect to
each countries possessions'
#ee Also
Fu:ita Den-aburo
$i)ed &>4& to &?&2
Fu:i)ara Family
Fu:i)ara Hidesato
#ates unkno*n'
Lidesato *as a Leian era (eader of *arriors'
Fu:i)ara no 7aneie
$i)ed ?2? to 2 =u(y ??0'
83
Fu@iwara no :aneie
"ather of "u8i*ara <ichinaga
Fu:i)ara no *i%&ina'a
$i)ed ?:: to 4 #ec' &02>
Court Dfficia( / Po*er /ehind the -hrone
Son of "u8i*ara no 4aneie'
??@ 0# - appointed as minister of the right 7udai8in9 and a(so e.aminer of im-
peria( documents 7nairan9'
0((ied his fami(y *ith Sei*a Gen8i branch of the <inamoto "ami(y'
&0&J - /ecame grand minister of state 7*hich is V in 8apanese9'
&0&? - ;etired and became a buddhist monk'
&022 - /ui(d the Lo8o8i'
Fu:i)ara *orosu+e
$i)ed ?0> to 4 <ay ?:0'
Fu:i)ara no #adaie
$i)ed &&:2 to &24&
Fu:i)ara =ona
Fu:i)ara 5ama+a'e
Fu:i)ara 5oritsu'u
-he @
th
4amakura shTgun'
$i)ed 2& o)' &2B? to 2@ Sept' &2@:'
;u(ed 2> 0pri( &244 to #ec' &2@&'
Son of Eoritsune'
Fu:i)ara 5oritsune
$i)ed &: =an' &2&> to && 0ug' &2@:'
;u(ed 2J =an' &22: to 2> 0pri( &244'
-he 4
th
4amakura shTgun'
"ather of Eoritsugu'
84
Fu@iwara 5o*hika-o
Fu:i)ara 5os&i+ado
Fu+a'a)a Cement @or+s
Fu+a&ara Hirotos&i
$i)ed &@&2 to &@?B'
Fu+a&ori #umi+ata
Fu+u%&i Den;i%&iro
$i)ed &>4& to &?0:
Fu+uda Hide+o
aka 4ageyama Lideko
$i)ed &>:@ to &?2J
Fu+uda Ta+eo
/orn &?0@'
Graduated from -okyo !ni)ersity' 6orked for the "inance <inistry' P(ected to
the #iet in &?@2' Ser)ed in )arious cabinets and became prime minister on 24
#ecember &?J:' Lis cabinet (asted unti( J #ecember &?J>'
Fu+ui City
-he capita( of "ukui Prefecture'
Fu+ui refe%ture
0rea3 4,&>> km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 "ukui
Popu(ation3 >B0,000 7&??:9
Fu+umoto 7a-uo
0 <ar.ist inte((ectua( *ho *as inf(uentia( in the =apanese communist mo)ement
in the mid-&?20Gs'
Fu+uo+a City
-he capita( of "ukuoka Prefecture'
85
Fukuoka %re!ecture
Fu+uo+a refe%ture
0rea3 4,?:> km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 "ukuoka
Popu(ation3 4,?00,000 7&??:9
Fu+us&ima City
-he capita( of "ukushima Prefecture 7pg AAA9'
Fu+us&ima *asanobu
Fu+us&ima *asanori
$i)ed &@:& to &B =u(y &:B4 7&:&4V9'
Fu+us&ima *asas&i'e
#ied &@2&'
Fu+us&ima *asayori
Fu+us&ima refe%ture
0rea3 &B,J>2 km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 "ukushima
Popu(ation3 2,&40,000 7&??:9
Fu+u-a)a 5u+i%&i
$i)ed &2 #ec' &>B4 to B "eb' &?0&'
Studied 6estern science in agasaki' Studied in Ssaka under Dgata 4Tan from
&>@4' $ater taught in -okyo---his schoo( e)entua((y became 4eiT !ni)ersity'
6ent abroad se)era( times' 6rote Seiy& Ji& 7%onditions in the *est9 *hich *as
huge(y popu(ar' 0(so *rote !he Encouragement of +earning, #n ,utline of a
!heory of %i-ili.ation, 7=apanese tit(esV9 among many books and artic(es'
"ounded Jii Shinp& in &>>2'
Lis portrait is on the current &0,000 yen bi(('
see a(so3
Dgata 4Tan 7pg' A9,
86
Fukuzawa 5ukichi
=i8i ShinpT 7pg' A9,
Currency 7pg' A9,
Fuma 7otaro
aka 4a5ama 4otaro'
Furu+a)a I%&ibei
$i)ed &>B2 to &?0B
/usinessman' /ought the 0shio copper mine from the go)ernment in &>JJ'
P)entua((y he *as in contro( of a minor 5aibatsu'
Furuta #&i'e+atsu
$i)ed &@:& to &:00'
Sur)i)ed the /att(e of Sekigahara but died (ater the same year'
;ecei)ed <atsu5aka 7BJ,000 koku9 in ,se from Lideyoshi 7*henV9' ,n &:00,
,eyasu a*arded him somep(ace *orth :0,000 koku'
see a(so3
,se Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
-okuga*a ,eyasu 7pg' A9,
-oyotomi Lideyoshi 7pg' A9,
Furuta #&i'enari
$i)ed &@4@ to &:&@'
0 minor daimyT in charge of &0,000 koku *hich he recei)ed sometime after
&:00' Le (ost his domain because he communicated *ith the -oyotomi during
the Seige of Ssaka Cast(e'
see a(so3
Ssaka, Siege of 7pg' A9, -okuga*a ,eyasu 7pg' A9, -oyotomi "ami(y 7pg' A9,
"ushimi Cast(e 7pg' A9,
Fus&imi. #ei'e of
-ook p(ace in &:00'
-orii <ototada 7pg AAA9 defended the cast(e for -okuga*a ,eyasu 7pg AAA9'
87
Fu*himi+tenn0
Fus&imi9tenn8
-he ?2
nd
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed 2B 0pri( &2:@ to B Sept' &B&J'
;eigned 2& Dct' &2>J to 22 =u(y &2?>'
Futamata. #ei'e of
-ook p(ace in &@J2'
-he cast(e is on a c(iff abo)e the -enryXga*a' -he defenders got *ater from the
ri)er by (o*ering buckets into the ri)er from a protected to*er'
-he cast(e *as o*ned by the -okuga*a and beseiged by -akeda 4atsuyori 7pg
AAA9' 4atsuyori f(oated (arge, unmanned rafts do*n the ri)er and into the to*-
er' -hese *eakened the to*er enough that it e)entua((y co((apsed, depri)ing the
defenders of their *ater supp(y' -he defenders surrendered soon after'
Futo. /attle of
Fu)a 7atsumitsu
Fu)a *itsu&aru
#ied &@>&'
Dam8 Hideyu+i , Dyo+i
Dam8 Hideyu+i
$i)ed &@>B to &:&2'
-he son of GamT !8isato' Christian' 6as mo)ed to !tsunomiya 7&>0,000 koku9
in Shimotsuke after his father died in &@?@' ,n &:00, he *as gi)en 6akamatsu,
*orth :00,000 koku' -his had been part of his fatherGs fief'
see a(so3
GamT !8isato 7pg' A9,
Shimotsuke 7pg' A9,
!tsunomiya-han 7pg' A9,
6akamatsu-han 7pg' A9,
Dam8 7ata&ide
$i)ed &@B4 to &@>4'
88
3am0 :atahi-e
-he father of GamT !8isato'
Ser)ed the Sasaki fami(y and (ater Dda obunaga'
see a(so3
GamT !8isato 7pg' A9,
Sasaki "ami(y 7pg' A9,
Dam8 =:isato
$i)ed &@@: to J "eb' &@?@'
Son of GamT 4atahide and father of GamT Lideyuki' Lis *ife *as a daughter
of Dda obunaga' Christian'
"ought at SkTchi cast(e in &@J0'
6as daimyT of <atsusaka 7&20,000 koku9 in ,se Pro)ince but *as ordered to
0i5u 7420,000 koku9 in <utsu as part of a p(an to bring the northeastern daimyT
under LideyoshiGs contro(' -o this end, !8isato and 0sano agamasa defeated
and ki((ed 4unohe <asa5ane 7*henV *hereV9' 0s a re*ard for his successfu( ser-
)ice, !8isato *as granted e.tra (ands and *as e)entua((y in contro( of more than
one mi((ion koku'
,n &@>4, he *as baptised and took the name $eo'
see a(so3
0i5u-han 7pg' A9,
0sano agamasa 7pg' A9,
GamT Lideyuki 7pg' A9,
GamT 4atahide 7pg' A9,
4unohe <asa5ane 7pg' A9,
SkTchi Cast(e 7pg' A9,
<atsusaka-han 7pg' A9,
<utsu Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Dembun
engT3 &JB:--&J40'
8
3emmei+tenn0
Demmei9tenn8
Pmpress' -he 4B
th
ru(er of =apan'
;eigned J0J to J&@'
Den%&>
engT3 &B>0--&B>2'
Den;ei
engT3 &&&>--&&&?'
aka GanGei'
Den:i
engT3 &>:4--&>:4'
aka Gan8i'
Den+ei
engT3 >JJ-->>4'
Den+i
engT3 &@J0--&@J2'
Den+8
engT3 &B2&--&B2B'
aka GenkyT'
Den+8
engT3 &BB&--&BBB'
Den+y8
engT3 &B2&--&B2B'
!sua((y kno*n as GenkT' See that entry on page AAA'
Den+y>
engT3 &204--&20@'
Denna
engT3 &:&@--&:2B'
#
3enna
aka Gen*a'
Dennin
engT3 &224--&224'
Den;8
engT3 &B&?--&B20'
Denre+i
engT3 &&>4--&&>4'
!sua((y kno*n as Genryaku' See that entry on page AAA'
Denro+u
engT3 &:>>--&J0B'
Denro
KKP(der StatesmenGG' 0 term app(ied to the (eaders of the <ei8i go)ernment' ,n-
c(udes men such as ,to Lirobumi and VVV' Saon8i 4inmochi is considered the (ast
Genro'
Denrya+u
engT3 &&>4--&&>4'
aka Ganryaku' aka Genreki'
Dens&89tenn8
Pmpress' -he 44
th
ru(er of =apan'
;eigned J&@ to J24'
Dento+u
engT3 &B2?--&BB0'
Den)a
engT3 &:&@--&:2B'
!sua((y kno*n as Genna' See that entry on page AAA'
Difu City
0 city in, and the capita( of, Gifu Prefecture'
!
3i!u %re!ecture
Difu refe%ture
0rea3 &0,@?> km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 Gifu
Popu(ation3 2,&00,000 7&??:9
Din+a+u:i
Dodai'o9tenn8
-he ?:
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed 2 o)' &2>> to &: 0ug' &BB?'
;eigned 2: "eb' &B&> to &@ 0ug &BB?'
Dodai Tomoatsu
$i)ed &>B: to &>>@'
/usinessman'
Studied in the 6est &>:@ to &>::' =oined the <ei8i go)ernment but soon (eft and
*ent into business' Godai *as acti)e in meta(s, mining, and rai(*ays, among
other interests'
Dod8 Ta+uo
0gricu(ture W "orestry <inister from 0ug B0, &?B? to Dct &:, &?B? in 0be
obuyukiGs cabinet'
Dofu+a+usa9tenn8
-he >?
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed &0 =une &24B to &: =u(y &B04'
;eigned 2? =an' &24: to 2: o)' &2@?'
Dofus&imi9tenn8
-he ?B
rd
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed B <arch &2>> to : 0pri( &BB:'
;eigned 22 =u(y &2?> to 2& =an' &B0&'
Do&ana-ono9tenn8
-he &02
nd
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed &> =une &4&? to 2J #ec' &4J0'
"
3ohanazono+tenn0
;eigned 2> =u(y &42> to &? =u(y &4:4'
Do&ori+a)a9tenn8
-he >:
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed &> "eb' &2&2 to : 0ug' &2B4'
;eigned ? =u(y &22& to 4 Dct' &2B2'
Doi%&i:89tenn8
-he :>
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed && Sept' &00> to &J 0pri( &0B:'
;eigned 2? =an &0&: to &J 0pri( &0B:'
-he second son of the Pmperor ,chi8T' 7doub(e check that9
Do+ameyama9tenn8
-he ??
th
Pmperor of =apan'
#ied &2 0pri( &424
;eigned &B>B to &B?2'
Do+as&i)abara9tenn8
-he &04
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed 20 Dct' &4:4 to J 0pri( &@2:'
;eigned 2@ Dct' &@00 to J 0pri( &@2:'
-he coronation ceremony *as not he(d unti( &@2&'
Do+omatsu9tenn8
-he &00
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed 2J =une &BJJ to 20 Dct' &4BB'
;eigned && 0pri( &B>2 to &B?2 as the emperor of the orthern Court and contin-
ued as emperor *hen the courts reunited unti( abdicating on 2? 0ug' &4&2'
Do+8my89tenn8
-he &&0
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed &2 <arch &:BB to 20 Sept' &:@4'
;eigned B Dct' &:4B to 20 Sept' &:@4'
3
3omizun0+tenn0
Domi-un89tenn8
-he &0>
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed 4 =une &@?: to &? 0ug' &:>0'
;eigned 2J <arch &:&& to > o)' &:2?'
"ather of ;eigen-tennT 7pg' A9'
Domomo-ono9tenn8
-he &&>
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed 2 =u(y &J@> to 2? Dct' &JJ?'
;eigned 24 o)' &JJ0 to 2? Dct' &JJ?'
Domura+ami9tenn8
-he ?J
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed &B2> to && <arch &B:>'
;eigned &@ 0ug' &BB? to && <arch &B:>'
Donara9tenn8
-he &0@
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed 2B #ec' &4?: to @ Sept' &@@J
;eigned 2? 0pri( &@2: to @ Sept' &@@J'
Doni:89tenn8
-he ?4
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed 2 "eb' &2>@ to 2@ 0ug' &B0>
;eigned 2& =an' &B0& to 2@ 0ug' &B0>'
Dorei-ei9tenn8
-he J0
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed B 0ug' &02@ to &? 0pri( &0:>'
;eigned &: =an' &04@ to &? 0pri( &0:>'
Dosa'a9tenn8
-he >>
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed 2: "eb' &220 to &J "eb' &2J2'
4
3o*aga+tenn0
;eigned 20 =an' &242 to 2? =an' &24:'
Dosai9tenn8
-he &&&
st
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed &: o)' &:BJ to 22 "eb' &:>@'
;eigned 2> o)' &:@47V9 to 2: =an' &::B'
Dosa+urama%&i9tenn8
-he &&J
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed B 0ug' &J40 to &>&B'
;eigned 2J =u(y &J:2 to 24 o)' &JJ0'
Dosan:89tenn8
-he J&
st
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed &> =u(y &0B4 to J <ay &0JB'
;eigned &? 0pri( &0:> to > #ec' &0J2'
Dos&ira+a)a9tenn8
-he JJ
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed && Sept' &&2J to &B <arch &&?2'
;eigned 24 =u(y &&@@ to && 0ug' &&@>'
Dosu-a+u9tenn8
-he :?
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed 2@ o)' &00? to &> =an' &04@'
;eigned &J 0pri( &0B: to &: =an' &04@'
Dotoba9tenn8
-he >2
nd
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed &4 =u(y &&>0 to 22 "eb' &2B?'
;eigned 20 0ug' &&>B to && =an' &&?>'
5
3oto Family (4aruma)
Doto Family (Haruma$
Dot8 Family (Hi-en$
#aimyT fami(y from Li5en Pro)ince, re(ated to the Sei*a-Gen8i'
Doto *ori&aru
#ied &@J>'
Doto *oto+uni
#ied &@>0'
Dot8 *ototsu'u
$i)ed &@JB to &:&@'
0ka GotT <atabei'
Son of GotT <otokuni and father of GotT !8ifusa'
Dot8 #&inpei
$i)ed 4 =une &>@J to &B 0pri( &?2?'
#octor and /ureaucrat
Lead of Sanitation /ureau 7part of the Lome <inistry9 from &>?0 to &>?2 and
again from &>?@ to &>?>'
6as the head of ci)i(ian administration of -ai*an from &>?> to &?0:'
/ecame the first president of the <anchurian ;ai(*ay in &?0:'
2
nd
4atsura Communications =u( &4, 200> 0ug B0, &?&&
B
rd
4atsura Communications #ec 2&, &?&2 "eb 20, &?&B
-erauchi Lome 0ffairs Dct ?, &?&: 0pr 2B, &?&>
-erauchi "oreign 0ffairs 0pr 2B, &?&> Sep 2?, &?&>
2
nd
Eamamoto Lome 0ffairs Sep 2, &?2B =an J, &?24
Table 12 Cabinet Positions Held by 8ot #hin(ei
see a(so3
-ai*an 7pg' A9,
<anchurian ;ai(*ay Company 7pg' A9,
6
3ot0 1h0@ir0
Dot8 #&8:ir8
$i)ed &? <arch &>B> to 4 0ug' &>?J'
Samurai and Po(itician
Samurai from -osa' GotT studied at 4aiseitT and *as inf(uenced by Sakamoto
;yTma' Le *as acti)e in the <ei8i go)ernment but Huit in &>JB o)er disagree-
ments about *hether or not to in)ade 4orea'
4uroda Communications 0B/22/>? &2/24/>?
&
st
Eamaguchi Communications &2/24/>? 0@/0:/?&
&
st
<atsukata Communications 0@/0:/?& 0>/0>/?2
2
nd
,tT 0gricu(ture and
Commerce
0>/0>/?2 0&/22/?4
Table 13 Cabinet Positions Held by 8ot #h9i
see a(so3
,tT Lirobumi 7pg' A9,
4aiseitT 7pg' A9,
4orea, ,n)asion of 7pg' A9,
<atsukata <asayoshi 7pg' A9,
-osa-han 7pg' A9,
Eamagato 0ritomo 7pg' A9,
Doto #umi+uro
Doto Ta+aa+i
Dot8 =:ifusa
$i)ed &@J0 to &:&@'
-he son of GotT <ototsugu' Ser)ed 4uroda agamasa' 6as (oya( to -oyotomi
Lideyori and died at Ssaka Cast(e'
see a(so3
GotT <ototsugu 7pg' A9,
4uroda agamasa 7pg' A9,
Ssaka, Seige of 7pg' A9,
7
3ot0 E@i!u*a
-oyotomi Lideyori 7pg' A9,
Dotsu%&imi+ado9tenn8
-he &0B
rd
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed 2@ <ay &442 to 2> Sept' &@00'
;eigned &? =u(y &4:4 to 2> Sept' &@00'
Douda9tenn8
-he ?&
st
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed & #ec' &2:J to 2@ =une &B24'
;eigned 2: =an' &2J4 to 2& Dct' &2>J'
Doy8-ei9tenn8
-he &0J
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed &@ #ec' &@J& to 2: 0ug' &:&J'
;eigned J o)' &@>: to 2J <arch &:&&'
Dreat 7ansai "art&<ua+e
Dccurred &J =anuary &??@
-*o great earthHuakes shook =apan in the 20th century3 the Great 4anto Parth-
Huake 7pg ?>9 in &?2B and the Great 4ansai ParthHuake in &??@' -he (atter oc-
curred on &J =anuary &??@'
Dreat 7anto "art&<ua+e
Dccurred & September &?2B
-*o great earthHuakes shook =apan in the 20th century3 the Great 4anto
ParthHuake in &?2B and the Great 4ansai ParthHuake 7pg ?>9 in &??@' -he former
occurred on & September and started 7as is not unusua( *ith earthHuakes9 fires that
ki((ed more peop(e than did the Huake itse(f' 0n estimated &00,000 peop(e died
and as many as t*o mi((ion *ere (eft home(ess'
;umours spread that )arious unpopu(ar groups *ere taking ad)antage of the
chaos to start fires and other*ise increase the genera( misery' -he rumours *ere
8ust that C rumours, but many peop(e, inc(uding the authorities, used them as an
e.cuse to crack do*n on the groups' Lundreds of 4oreans, Socia(ists, 0narchists,
and some others *ere murdered C either by mobs or by the po(ice'
Dunma refe%ture
0rea3 :,B:Bkm
2
7&??@9
8
3unma %re!ecture
Capita(3 <aebashi
Popu(ation3 2,000,000 7&??:9
Dyo+i
$i)ed ::> to J4?'
Habu 5os&i&aru , Hy>'a ro4in%e
Habu 5os&i&aru
Ha+u%&i
engT3 :@0--:@4'
Ha+u%&8
engT3 :JB--:>@'
Ha+u&8
engT3 :J2--:>@'
Hamada Hi+o-o
see Leco, =oseph on page &04'
Hama'u%&i 6sa%&i
aka Lamaguchi Euko
$i)ed &>J0 to &?B&
Cabinet ositions
&
st
4atT "inance =un &&, &?24 0ug 2, &?2@
2
nd
4atT "inance 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
&
st
6akatsuki "inance =an B0, &?2: =un B, &?2:
&
st
6akatsuki Lome 0ffairs =un B, &?2: #ec &:, &?2:
&
st
6akatsuki Lome 0ffairs <ar &@, &?2J 0pr 20, &?2J
Lamaguchi Prime <inister =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
Table 14 Cabinet Positions Held by Ha.a,uchi :sachi
4amaguchi ?*achi
Cabinet
Lamaguchi Dsachi Prime <inister =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
<achida ChX8i 0gricu(ture W "orestry =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
Su5uki "u8iya Chief of Cabinet Secretariat =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
4a*asaki -akukichi Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
<atsuda Gen8i Co(oni5ation =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
-a*ara <agoichi Commerce W ,ndustry =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
4oi5umi <ata8irT Communications =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
4obashi ,chita Pducation =u( 2, &?2? o) 2?, &?2?
-anaka ;yX5T Pducation o) 2?, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
,noue =unnosuke "inance =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
Shidehara 4i8urT "oreign 0ffairs =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
0be obuyuki Lanretsu =un &:, &?B0 #ec &0, &?B0
0dachi 4en5T Lome 0ffairs =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
6atanabe Chifuyu =ustice =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
-akarabe -akeshi a)y =u( 2, &?2? Dct B, &?B0
0bo 4iyoka5u a)y Dct B, &?B0 0pr &4, &?B&
Pgi -asuku ;ai(*ays =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
!gaki 4a5ushige 6ar =u( 2, &?2? =un &:, &?B0
0be obuyuki 6ar =un &:, &?B0 #ec &0, &?B0
!gaki 4a5ushige 6ar #ec &0, &?B0 0pr &4, &?B&
Table 1" Ha.a,uchi :sachi's Cabinet
Hana-ono9tenn8
-he ?@
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed 2@ =u(y &2?J to && o)' &B4>'
;eigned 2: 0ug' &B0> to 2: "eb' &B&>'
Son of Pmperor "ushimi'
Han-ei9tenn8
-he &>
th
emperor of =apan'
#ates unkno*n'
;eigned 40: to 4&0'
Son of Pmperor intoku'
!##
4ara Ca*tle
Hara Castle
0 cast(e in Li5en Pro)ence' #uring the Shimabara ;ebe((ion, 7*ho-*as-it-
againV9 besieged the rebe((ious peasants there'
see a(so3
Lara, Seige of 7pg' A9, Li5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Shimabara ;ebe((ion 7pg' A9,
Hara 7ei
0ka Lara Satoshi and Lara -akashi
$i)ed ? "eb' &>@: to 4 o)' &?2&
6e(( kno*n as the first KcommonerG prime minister'
Cabinet Positions Le(d by Lara 4ei
4
th
,tT Communications #ec 22, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
&
st
Saion8i Lome 0ffairs =an J, &?0: =u( &4, &?0>
&
st
Saion8i Communications =an &4, &?0> <ar 2@, &?0>
2
nd
Saion8i Lome 0ffairs 0ug B0, &?&& #ec 2&, &?&2
&
st
Eamamoto Lome 0ffairs "eb 20, &?&B 0pr &:, &?&4
Lara Prime <inister Sep 2?, &?&> o) &B, &?&2
Lara =ustice Sep 2?, &?&> <ay &@, &?20
Table 1$ Cabinet Positions Held by Haa Kei
Lara 4ei Prime <inister Sep 2?, &?&> o) &B, &?2&
Eamamoto -atsuo 0gricu(ture 0#
Commerce Sep 2?, &?&> o) &B, &?2&
-akahashi <itsu-
take
Chief of Cabinet
Secretariat Sep 2?, &?&> o) &B, &?2&
Eokota Sennosuke Chief of $egis(ati)e
/ureau Sep 2?, &?&> o) &B, &?2&
oda !tarT Communications Sep 2?, &?&> o) &B, &?2&
akahashi -oku-
gorT
Pducation
Sep 2?, &?&> o) &B, &?2&
-akahashi 4orekiyo "inance Sep 2?, &?&> o) &B, &?2&
!chida 4Tsai "oreign 0ffairs Sep 2?, &?&> o) &B, &?2&
-okonami -ake8irT Lome 0ffairs Sep 2?, &?&> o) &B, &?2&
Lara 4ei =ustice Sep 2?, &?&> <ay &@, &?20
!#!
4ara :ei
Ski Pnkichi =ustice <ay &@, &?20 o) &B, &?2&
4atT -omosaburT a)y Sep 2?, &?&> o) &B, &?2&
<otoda La8ime ;ai(*ays <ay &@, &?20 o) &B, &?2&
-anaka Giichi 6ar Sep 2?, &?&> =un ?, &?2&
Eamanashi Lan5T 6ar =un ?, &?2& o) &B, &?2&
Table 1% Haa Kei's Cabinet
Hara. #ei'e of
$asted from &:BJZ&:B>'
-he main batt(e of the Shimabara ;ebe((ion' -he defenders he(d out against in-
credib(e odds but e)entua((y the food runs out and grass *i(( not sustain an army'
Harbin
Harima ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today LyTgo Prefecture' Larima bordered on -a8i-
ma, -amba, Settsu, /i5en, and <imasaka'
see a(so3
/i5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9, LyTgo Prefecture 7pg' A9, <imasaka Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Settsu Pro)ince 7pg' A9, -a8ima Pro)ince 7pg' A9, -amba Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Harris. To)nsend
$i)ed 4 Dct' &>04 to 2@ "eb' &>J>'
KKP(enipotentiary <inister and Consu(2 of the !nited States, Larris arri)ed in
=apan in 0ugust of &>@:' -*o years (ater, in &>@>, he signed a treaty 7the ansei
treaties, yesV9'
Has&imoto 7in'oro
$i)ed &>?0 to &?@J
Has&imoto !y>tar8
Prime <inister from && =anuary &??: to J o)ember &??: and from J o)em-
ber &??: to B0 =u(y &??>'
;ep(aced by Dbuchi 4ei5T 7pg AAA9'
Hata+eyama Family
0 daimyT fami(y origina((y descended from -aira -akamochi'
!#"
4atano 4i-eharu
Hatano Hide&aru
Hata Tsutomu
Prime <inister from 2> 0pri( &??4 to B0 =une &??4' ;ep(aced by <urayama
-omiichi 7pg AAA9'
Hatoyama I%&ir8
$i)ed &>>B to &?@?
-anaka Chief of Cabinet Secretariat 0pr 20, &?2J =u( 2, &?2?
,nukai Pducation #ec &B, &?B& <ay 2:, &?B2
SaitT Pducation <ay 2:, &?B2 <ar B, &?B4
&
st
Latoyama Prime <inister #ec &0, &?@4 <ar &?, &?@@
2
nd
Latoyama Prime <inister <ar &?, &?@@ o) 22, &?@@
B
rd
Latoyama Prime <inister o) 22, &?@@ #ec 2B, &?@:
Table 1& Cabinet Positions Held by Hatoya.a ;chi
7Coming Soon - his cabinetsF9
Hayas&i #en:>r8
$i)ed &>J: to &?4B'
Cabinet ositions
SaitT 6ar =an 2B, &?B4 =u( >, &?B4
Dkada 6ar =u( >, &?B4 Sep @, &?B@
Layashi "oreign 0ffairs "eb 2, &?BJ <ar B, &?BJ
Layashi Prime <inister "eb 2, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
Layashi Pducation "eb 2, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
Table 1* Cabinet Positions Held by Hayashi #en9<
Cabinet
Layashi Sen8XrT Prime <inister "eb 2, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
Eama5aki -atsunosuke 0gricu(ture W "orestry "eb 2, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
Shashi LachirT Chief of Cabinet Secretariat "eb 2, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
4a*agoe -akeo Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau "eb 2, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
!#3
4aya*hi 1en@6r0
EXki -oyotarT Co(oni5ation "eb 2, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
GodT -akuo Commerce W ,ndustry "eb 2, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
Eama5aki -atsunosuke Communications "eb 2, &?BJ "eb &0, &?BJ
4odama Lideo Communications "eb &0, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
Layashi Sen8XrT Pducation "eb 2, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
EXki -oyotarT "inance "eb 2, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
Layashi Sen8XrT "oreign 0ffairs "eb 2, &?BJ <ar B, &?BJ
SatT aotake "oreign 0ffairs <ar B, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
4a*arada 4akichi Lome 0ffairs "eb 2, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
Shiono Suehiko =ustice "eb 2, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
Eonai <itsumasa a)y "eb 2, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
GodT -akuo ;ai(*ays "eb 2, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
akamura 4TtarT 6ar "eb 2, &?BJ "eb ?, &?BJ
Sugiyama Gen 6ar "eb ?, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
Table 23 Hayashi #en9<'s Cabinet
Hayas&i Tadasu
$i)ed &>@0 to &?&B
&
st
Saion8i "oreign 0ffairs <ay &?, &?0: 0ug B0, &?0:
&
st
Saion8i "oreign 0ffairs Sep &>, &?0: =u( &4, &?0>
2
nd
Saion8i Communications 0ug B0, &?&& #ec 2&, &?&2
Table 21 Cabinet Positions Held by Hayashi Tadasu
Hayas&i 5u-o
$i)ed &>42 to &?2&
He%o. Cosep&
aka Lamada Liko5o
$i)ed &>BJ to &>?J
Hei:i
engT3 &&@?--&&@?'
!#4
4eimin*ha
Heimins&a
Heisei9tenn8
-he &2@
th
emperor of =apan' 0(so the current emperor'
;eign3 &?>? to present'
Heisei
engT3 &?>?--present
Hei-ei9tenn8
-he @&
st
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed &@ 0ug' JJ4 to J =u(y >24'
;eigned &J <arch >0: to & 0pri( >0?'
Hepburn. Cames
$i)ed &>&@ to &?&&
Heus+en. Henry
$i)ed &>B2 to &>:&
Ser)ed the !'S' go)ernment' 6as murdered in Pdo on &4 =an' &>:&'
Hibuya !iots
Hida ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today part of Gifu Prefecture' Lida bordered on
4aga, PtchX, Shinano, <ino, and Pchi5en'
see a(so3
Pchi5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
PtchX Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Gifu Prefecture 7pg' A9,
<ino Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Ligashikuni aruhiko
!#5
4i-a %ro&ince
$i)ed B #ecember &>>J to 20 =an' &??0'
Prime <inister from &J 0ugust &?4@ to ? Dctober &?4@'
70dd cabinet9
Hi'as&iyama9tenn8
-he &&B
rd
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed B Sept' &:J@ to &J #ec' &J0?'
;eigned 2& <arch &:>J to 2& =une &J0?'
Hi'o ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today 4umamoto Prefecture on the is(and of
4yXshX' Ligo bordered on Chikugo, /ungo, LyXga, Ssumi, and Satsuma'
see a(so3
LyXga Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
4umamoto Prefecture 7pg' A9,
4yXshX 7pg' A9,
Ssumi Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Satsuma Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Hime:i Castle
Cast(e in LyTgo Prefecture 7Larima Pro)ince9' Drigina((y bui(d around &B@0 by
0kamatsu Sadanori' D)er the years it changed hands many times' -oyotomi
Lideyoshi took Lime8i cast(e for Dda obunaga in &@JJ'
#uring the -okuga*a Period, a succession of daimyT *ere mo)ed in and out of
the cast(e'
see a(so3
0kamatsu Sadanori 7pg' A9,
!#6
4imiko
Himi+o
aka Pimiko
,n ancient Chinese te.ts, Limiko is mentioned as the Hueen of =apan, but 8ust
*ho she *as and *here she ru(ed is sti(( a bit of a mystery'
Hinin
Dutcastes' -he (o*est c(ass in pre-<ei8i =apanese society' -he c(ass officia((y
ceased to e.ist in &>J&, but unoffica( discrimination did not end o)ernight'
Hiranuma 7ii%&ir8
$i)ed 2> Sept' &>:J to 22 0ug' &?@2'
Prime <inister from @ =anuary &?B? to B0 0ugust &?B?'
Cabinet osts
2
nd
Eamamoto =ustice Sep :, &?2B =an J, &?24
Liranuma Prime <inister =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
2
nd
4onoe <inister of State #ec :, &?40 #ec 2&, &?40
2
nd
4onoe Lome 0ffairs #ec 2&, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
B
rd
4onoe <inister of State =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
Table 22 Cabinet Positions Held by Hianu.a Kiichi
Cabinet
Liranuma 4iichirT Prime <inister =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
Sakurauchi Eukio 0gricu(ture W "orestry =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
-anabe Larumichi Chief of Cabinet Secretariat =an @, &?B? 0pr J, &?B?
4urosaki -ei5T Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
Sta 4T5T Chief of Cabinet Secretariat 0pr J, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
4oiso 4uniaki Co(oni5ation 0pr J, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
Latta Eoshiaki Co(oni5ation =an @, &?B? 0pr J, &?B?
Latta Eoshiaki Commerce W ,ndustry =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
Shiono Suehiko Communications =an @, &?B? 0pr J, &?B?
-anabe Larumichi Communications 0pr J, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
0raki Sadao Pducation =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
,shi*ata STtarT "inance =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
0rita LachirT "oreign 0ffairs =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
!#7
4iranuma :iichir0
4onoe "umimaro Lanretsu =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
4ido 4Tichi Lome 0ffairs =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
Shiono Suehiko =ustice =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
Eonai <itsumasa a)y =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
<aeda Eone5T ;ai(*ays =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
,tagaki SeishirT 6ar =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
Lirose Lisatada 6e(fare =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
Table 23Hianu.a Kiichi's Cabinet
Hiratsu+a !ai%&o
$i)ed &>>: to &?J&
Hiro&ito
see Sho*a-tennT 7page AAA9
Hirose #ai&ei
$i)ed &>2> to &?&4
Hiros&ima. /ombin' 6f
-he !nited States mi(itary dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Liroshima in
Liroshima Prefecture, =apan, on : 0ugust &?4@'
Hiros&ima City
-he capita( of Liroshima Prefecture'
Liroshima *as the first city --- =apanese or other*ise --- to suffer a nuc(ear
bombing' -he on(y other city to ha)e a nuc(ear *eapon used on it is agasaki, in
agasaki Prefecture'
see a(so3
Liroshima, /ombing ofWpg AAA
agasaki, /ombing ofWpg AAA
agasaki CityWpg AAA
Hiros&ima refe%ture
0rea3 >,4J@ km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 Liroshima
!#8
4iro*hima %re!ecture
Popu(ation3 2,>J0,000 7&??:9
Hirota 78+i
$i)ed &4 "eb' &>J> to 2B #ec' &?4>
P.ecuted as a c(ass K0G *ar crimina('
SaitT "oreign 0ffairs Sep &4, &?BB =u( >, &?B4
Dkada "oreign 0ffairs =u( >, &?B4 <ar ?, &?B:
Lirota "oreign 0ffairs <ar ?, &?B: 0pr 2, &?B:
Lirota Prime <inister <ar ?, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
&
st
4onoe "oreign 0ffairs =un 4, &?BJ <ay 2:, &?B>
Table 24 Cabinet Positions Held by Hiota Kki
Lirota 4Tki Prime <inister <ar ?, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
Shimada -oshio 0gricu(ture W "orestry <ar ?, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
"u8inuma ShThei Chief of Cabinet Secretariat <ar ?, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
-sugita #ai5aburT Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau <ar ?, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
agata Lide8irT Co(oni5ation <ar ?, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
4a*asaki -akukichi Commerce W ,ndustry <ar ?, &?B: <ar 2J, &?B:
Dga*a GTtarT Commerce W ,ndustry <ar 2>, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
-anomogi 4eikichi Communications <ar ?, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
!shio 4einosuke Pducation <ar ?, &?B: <ar 2@, &?B:
Lirao LachisaburT Pducation <ar 2@, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
/aba Piichi "inance <ar ?, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
Lirota 4Tki "oreign 0ffairs <ar ?, &?B: 0pr 2, &?B:
0rita LachirT "oreign 0ffairs 0pr 2, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
!shio 4einosuke Lome 0ffairs <ar ?, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
Layashi ;ai5aburT =ustice <ar ?, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
agano Dsami a)y <ar ?, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
<aeda Eone5T ;ai(*ays <ar ?, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
-erauchi Lisaichi 6ar <ar ?, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
Table 2" Hiota Kki's Cabinet
Hisaa+ira
$i)ed &2J:--&B2>'
!#
4i*aakira
70## ru(e dates9
-he se)enth son of the Pmperor Gofukakusa'
Le *as made shTgun by LT8T Sadatoki, rep(acing 4oreyasu'
see a(so3
Gofukakusa-tennT 7pg' A9,
LT8T Sadatoki 7pg' A9,
4oreyasu 7pg' A9,
-ab(e of ShTgunWAAA
Hita%&i ro4in%e
0 pro)ince *hich bordered on ,*ashiro, ,*aki, ShimTsa, and Shimotsuku
Pro)inces' -oday the area is ,baraki Prefecture'
see a(so3
,baraki Prefecture 7pg' A9,
,*aki Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
,*ashiro Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
ShimTsa Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Shimotsuku Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Hiyama Castle
Hi-en ro4in%e
0 pro)ince *hich bordered on Chiku5en and Chikugo' -oday the area is part of
agasaki Prefecture'
Lideyoshi directed the in)asion of 4orea from the city of agoya, in Li5en'
-he Shimabara ;ebe((ion took p(ace in Li5en Pro)ince'
see a(so3
4orea, ,n)asion of 7pg' A9,
Shimabara ;ebe((ion 7pg' A9,
!!#
40an
H8an
engT3 &&20--&&2B'
H8ei
engT3 &J04--&J&0'
H8en
engT3 &&B@--&&40'
H8'en
engT3 &&@:--&&@>'
H8:i
engT3 &24J--&24>'
H8:8 Family
#escended from -aira Sadamori' -here are t*o main branches3
-he 4amakura LT8T contro((ed the <inamoto ShTgun 7and thus the 4amaku-
ra ShTgunate9 by acting as regents for them'
-he Dda*ara LT8T branch descended from ,se ShinkurT, *hose son, !8it-
suna, married into the LT8T fami(y in the &4?0s' 7ShinkurT (ater took the
name LT8T agau8i and (ater LT8T STun, by *hich he is *e(( kno*n'9
see a(so3
LT8T STun 7pg' A9,
LT8T !8itsuna 7pg' A9,
4amakura ShTgunate 7pg' A9,
Ho:o:i
0 temp(e in 4yTto'
H8:8 *asa+o
$i)ed &&@J to &22@
aka 0ma Shogun 7un Shogun9
LT8T <asako married <inamoto Eoritomo' She became a nun after he died but
remained the po*er behind the shTgun unti( her death in &22@'
!!!
40@0 )okiyori
H8:8 To+iyori
$i)ed &22: to &2:B'
@
th
4amakura ;egent' Le(d office from &24: to &2@:'
H8:8 Tsuneto+i
$i)ed &224 to &24:'
4
th
4amakura ;egent' Le(d office from &242 to &24:'
Son of LT8T -okiu8i'
H8:8 =:i+uni
Son of LT8T !8iyasu'
H8:8 =:iteru
Son of LT8T !8iyasu'
H8:8 =:iyasu
$i)ed &@&@ to &@J0'
Son of LT8T !8itsuna' "ather of LT8T !8ikuni and LT8T !8iteru'
"ought many batt(es against the !esugi, ,maga*a, the -akeda, the Dta, the
<ogami, and the 0shikaga "ami(ies' ot a(( at once of course'
Lis J
th
son *as adopted by !esugi 4enshin and became !esugi 4agetora'
see a(so3
LT8T 7pg' A9,
LT8T 7pg' A9,
!esugi 4agetora 7pg' A9,
!esugi 4enshin 7pg' A9,
H8:8 5asuto+i
$i)ed &&>B to &242'
-he B
rd
4amakura ;egent' Le(d office from &224 to &242'
H8+i ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today -ottori Prefecture' Loki bordered on ,naba,
<amasaka, /itchX, /ingo, and ,5umo Pro)inces'
see a(so3
!!"
40ki %ro&ince
/ingo Pro)ince 7pg' A9, /itchX Pro)ince 7pg' A9, ,naba Pro)ince 7pg' A9, ,5umo
Pro)ince 7pg' A9, <imasaka Pro)ince 7pg' A9, -ottori Prefecture pg' AAA
H8+i
engT3 JJ0--J>0'
Ho++aid8 refe%ture
-echnica((y, not a ken but a dT'
-he (argest prefecture in =apan and a(so the most norther(y' 4no*n in -okuga*a
times as P5o'
0rea3 >B,4@2 km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 Sapporo
Popu(ation3 @,:?0,000 7&??:9
Honda #8i%&ir8
$i)ed &?0: to &??&
Honn8:i. #ei'e of
-ook p(ace in &@>2'
0kechi <itsuhide attacked Dda obunaga at the LonnT8i, a temp(e in 4yTto'
<itsuhide *as one of obunagaGs genera(s and surprise *as comp(ete' obunaga
on(y had his bodyguards *ith him and committed suicide'
See the entry for 0kechi <itsuhide for information on his moti)es'
see a(so3
0kechi <itsuhide 7pg' A9,
Eama5aki, /att(e of 7pg' A9,
Hons&>
Dne of the four main is(ands of =apan' LonshX is the main is(and in that most of
the popu(ation of the country (i)es there and most of the most important cities
are (ocated in LonshX'
see a(so3
LokkaidT Prefecture pg' A, 4yXshX 7pg' A9, Shikoku 7pg' A9
!!3
40reki
H8re+i
engT3 &J@&--&J:B'
Hori C&i+amasa
Son of Lori Chikayoshi'
Hori C&i+asada
Son of Lori Chikamasa' 7doub(e check this9
Hori C&i+ayos&i
$i)ed &@>0 to &:BJ'
Son of Lori Lidemasa'
#aimyT of RTT 7Pchigo, 40,000 koku9' #ispossessed in &:&0 but t*o years (ater
he *as gi)en <Tka in Shimotsuke' ,n &:2J he recei)ed 4arasuyama, a(so in
Shimotsuke'
Hori Family
0 daimyT fami(y from <ino' #escended from "u8i*ara !ona 7pg AAA9'
Hori Hide&aru
$i)ed &@J@ to &:0:'
/ecame daimyT of 4asugayama 7*hereV ho* many kokuV9 on &@?0' ,n &@?>,
recei)ed -akata 7B@0,000 koku9 in Pchigo'
see a(so3
Lori Lidemasa 7pg' A9,
4asugayama-han 7pg' A9,
-akata-han 7pg' A9,
Hori Hidemasa
$i)ed &@@B-&@?0'
"ought for Sda obunaga' Sided *ith Lideyoshi at the /att(e of Eama5aki'
Hori+a)a9tenn8
-he JB
rd
emperor of =apan'
!!4
4orikawa+tenn0
$i)ed ? =u(y &0J? to &? =u(y &&0J'
;eigned 2: o)' &0>: to &? =u(y &&0J'
Second son of Shiraka*a-tennT' Put on the throne at age nine'
see a(so3
Shiraka*a-tennT 7pg' A9,
Horio Family
0 daimyT fami(y from D*ari'
Horio Tada&aru
$i)ed &@?? to &:BB'
Son of Lorio -adau8i'
-adaharu died chi(d(ess and his (ands re)erted to the Shogunate'
Horio Tadau:i
$i)ed &@J@ to &:04'
Son of Lorio Eoshiharu'
Horio 5os&i&aru
$i)ed &@4B to &:&&'
Hori Tadatos&i
Son of Lori Lideharu' #ispossessed in &:&0 for ma(administration'
Hori Tos&is&i'e
Hos&i Toru
$i)ed &>@0 to &?0&
Hoso+a)a A+iu:i
#ied &B@2'
Son of Eorisada'
Hoso+a)a Family
0 daimyT fami(y descended from <inamoto Eoshisue'
!!5
4o*okawa 4arumoto
Hoso+a)a Harumoto
$i)ed &@&? to &@:B'
Hoso+a)a C8-en
/rother of 0kiu8i'
Hoso+a)a 7atsumoto
$i)ed &4B0 to && <ay &4JB'
Hoso+a)a 7iyou:i
#ied &B:2'
Hoso+a)a *asamoto
$i)ed &4:: to &@0J'
Hoso+a)a *itsumoto
$i)ed &B@> to &42:'
Hoso+a)a *o%&iyu+i
$i)ed &400 to &442'
Hoso+a)a *ori&iro
Prime <inister from ? 0ugust &??B to 2> 0pri( &??4' ;ep(aced by Lata -suto-
mu 7pg AAA9'
Hoso+a)a #umimoto
$i)ed &4?: to &@20'
Hoso+a)a =:i&ara
#ied &B>J'
Hoso+a)a 5ori&aru
$i)ed &2?? to &B@2'
Hoso+a)a 5orimoto
$i)ed &B4B to &B?J'
Son of Losoka*a Eoriharu'
!!6
4o*okawa 5oriyuki
Hoso+a)a 5oriyu+i
$i)ed &B2? to &B?2'
Son of Losoka*a Eoriharu'
H8to+u
engT3 &44?--&4@&'
Hotta Family
#aimyT fami(y from D*ara' #escended from -akeshiuchi no Sukune'
Hotta *asa&aru
Son of Lotta <asatora'
Hotta *asamine
Son of <asataka'
Hotta *asamori
$i)ed &:0> to 20 0pri( &:@&'
"ather of Lotta <asatoshi'
Hotta *asamutsu
$i)ed &>&0 to &>:4'
Hotta *asana'a
Son of <asamine'
Hotta *asana+a
$i)ed &::0 to &:?4'
Hotta *asanobu
$i)ed &:2? to &:JJ'
Son of Lotta <asamori'
Hotta *asanobu
Son of Lotta <asatomo'
Hotta *asata+a
Son of Lotta <asatoshi'
!!7
4otta Ma*atomo
Hotta *asatomo
Son of Lotta <asayasu'
Hotta *asatora
$i)ed &::2 to &J2?'
Hotta *asatos&i
$i)ed &:B& to 2> 0ug' &:>4'
Hotta *asayasu
Son of Lotta <asanobu'
House of eers
Ho-umi Nobus&i'e
$i)ed &>@: to &?2:
Hy8'o refe%ture
0rea3 >,B>J km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 4Tbe
Popu(ation3 @,420,000 7&??:9
Hy>'a ro4in%e
0 pro)ince on the east coast of 4yXshX' -oday <iya5aki Prefecture' LyXga bor-
dered on /ungo, Ligo, Ssumi, and Satsuma Pro)inces'
see a(so3
/ungo Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Ligo Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4yXshX 7pg' A9, <iya5aki Pre-
fecture 7pg' A9, Ssumi Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Satsuma Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Ibara+i Castle , I-u ro4in%e
Ibara+i Castle
Ibara+i refe%ture
0rea3 :,0?4 km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 <itT
Popu(ation3 2,?J0,000 7&??:9
!!8
8bara 1aikaku
Ibara #ai+a+u
see ,hara Saikaku 7page AAA9
I%&i:8 Fusaie
$i)ed &44@ to &@&&'
I%&i:8 7anesada
$i)ed &@42 to &@>@'
I%&i:8 Nobutatsu
#ied &@>2'
I%&i:89tenn8
-he ::
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed & =une ?>0 to 22 =une &0&&'
;eigned 2B =une ?>: to &B =une &0&&'
I%&i:8 =%&imasa
$i)ed &@:? to &@>0'
I%&i+a)a Dan:>ro
-he hereditary name of the head of a group 7fami(yV9 of kabuki actors' -here
ha)e been at (east &2 generations of them' -he first *as Pbi5T, a(so kno*n as
SaigyX'
I%&i+a)a Fusae
$i)ed &>?B to &?>&'
I'a ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today <ie Prefecture' ,ga bordered on ,se, Smi,
Eamato, and Eamashiro Pro)inces'
see a(so3
<ie Prefecture 7pg' A9,
Smi Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Eamato Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Eamashiro Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
!!
8hara 1aikaku
I&ara #ai+a+u
aka ,bara Saikaku
$i)ed &:42 to &0 0ug' &:?B' /orn in Ssaka'
Pro(ific and popu(ar author during the -okuga*a period' 0mong other *orks, he
penned3 /i-e *omen *ho +o-ed +o-e, !he +ife of an #morous Man, !he +ife of
an #morous *oman, and !his Scheming *orld'
Ii Naosu+e
$i)ed 2? Dct' &>&@ to B <arch &>:0'
/orn in Ssaka' Son of ,i aotaka'
0 high ranking officia( in the -okuga*a go)ernment' aosuke *as responsib(e
for the go)ernmentGs signing of treaties *ith the !nited States, /ritain, "rance,
and (ater other counties'
Supported the t*e()e year o(d ,emochi for shTgun, opposing Litotsubashi 4eiki'
$ed the 0nsei Purge'
aosukeGs actions caused great resentment and *on him many enemies' Le *as
assassinated on B <arch &>:0 by &J <itT rTnin'
I+eda Hayato
$i)ed &>?? to &?:@'
Prime <inister from &? =u(y &?:0 to > #ecember &?:0, > #ecember &?:0 to ?
#ecember &?:B, and ? #ecember &?:B to ? o)ember &?:4'
I+eda Nobuteru
$i)ed &@B: to &@>4'
Ser)ed Dda obuhide, Dda obunaga and then -oyotomi Lideyoshi' ;ecei)ed a
fief in Settsu and 0magasaki Cast(e from obunaga in &@J?' 4i((ed at the /att(e
of agakute'
see a(so3
0magasaki Cast(e 7pg' A9,
agakute, /att(e of 7pg' A9,
Settsu Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
!"#
8ki %ro&ince
I+i ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today agasaki Prefecture' ,ki is an is(and bet*een
Li5en Pro)ince and the is(and of -sushima'
,ki *as in)aded and o)errun by the <ongo(s in &2J4 and &2>&'
see a(so3
<ongo( ,n)asions 7pg' A9,
agasaki Prefecture 7pg' A9,
-sushima Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
I++89I++i
Ima'a)a Family
0 daimyT fami(y of Sei*a Gen8i decent'
Ima'a)a 5os&imoto
#ied &@:0'
$ost -erabe cast(e in &@@> *hen Su5uki Shigeteru (eft him for Dda obunaga
and EoshimotoGs )assa( -okuga*a ,eyasu *as unab(e to retake the cast(e'
Eoshimoto *as ki((ed in &@:0 at the batt(e of Dkeha5ama, by the forces of Dda
obunaga'
see a(so3
-erabe, Seige of 7pg' A9,
Su5uki Shigeru 7pg' A9,
Dkeha5ama, /att(e of 7pg' A9,
Ima&ama Castle
Imperial !ule Assistan%e oliti%al Asso%iation
Imperial @ay Fa%tion
-he 4odoha or 1,mperia( 6ay "action2 *as an informa((y organi5ed right *ing
association of most(y 8unior and fie(d grade ,mperia( 0rmy officers *ho sought
!"!
8mperial Aay Faction
to dismant(e party inf(uence in =apanese po(itics and 1restore2 the Pmperor as an
abso(ute ru(er *ith the army as his main instrument of po(icy' Lea)i(y inf(uenced
by such 10sia for the 0sians2 po(itica( phi(osophers as Gondo Seikei 7&>:>-
&?BJ9, 4ita ,kki 7&>>B-&?BJ9, Dka*a Shumei 7&>>:-&?@J9 and the ideo(ogy of
the 4okyrukai 70mur ;i)er or 1/(ack #ragon2 Society9 po(itica( and crimina(
organi5ation, the 4odoha officers, o)er >0[ of *hom *ere from rura( farming
and fishing communities, )ie*ed the democratic process and 6estern-inf(uenced
materia(ism of urban =apanese society at the time as an emascu(ation and aposta-
sy of traditiona( )a(ues, and they *ere prepared to use )io(ence to rectify this sit-
uation' -he 4odoha *as effecti)e(y cripp(ed as a serious p(ayer in the =apanese
po(itica( po*er game after a fai(ed coup dGetat attempt by 4odoha officers in
"ebruary &?B:, but not before the theories of its spiritua( (eader Genera( Sadao
0raki had poisoned =apanese educationa( po(icy *ith fanatica( mi(itarism, and
e)en more disastrous(y, not before many of its (ess-conspicuous members *ere
a(ready *e(( ensconced in fast-track e(ite course niches that *ou(d put them in
inf(uentia( po(icy-making positions during the crucia( Pacific 6ar years'
by M.3. 1he!tall
Contribute- ,ecember <==<
Hirohito by Lerbert /i.
Hirohito0 $ehind the Myth by Pd*ard /ehr
Soldier of the Sun by <eirion and Susan Larries
!he *ay of the Hea-enly Sword by $eonard 0' Lumphreys
Inaba Ittetsu
Inaba ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today -ottori Prefecture' ,naba bordered on Lari-
ma, LTki, <imasaka, and -a8ima Pro)inces'
see a(so3
Larima Pro)ince 7pg' A9, LTki Pro)ince 7pg' A9, <imasaka Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
-a8ima Pro)ince 7pg' A9, -ottori Pro)ince pg' AAA
In'y89tenn8
-he &?
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned 4&2 to 4@B'
Ino Tadata+a
$i)ed &J4@ to &>&>'
!""
8noue Akira
Inoue A+ira
see ,noue issho 7page AAA9
Inoue /unda
see ,noue 4aoru 7page AAA9
Inoue Cunnosu+e
$i)ed &>:? to &?B2'
2
nd
Eamamoto "inance Sep 2, &?2B =an J, &?24
Lamaguchi "inance =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
2
nd
6akatsuki "inance 0pr &4, &?B& #ec &B, &?B&
Table 2$ Cabinet Positions Held by ;noue 6unnosuke
Inoue 7aoru
aka ,noue /unda
$i)ed &>B@ to &?&@'
&
st
,tT "oreign 0ffairs #ec 22, &>>@ Sep &:, &>>J
2
nd
,tT Lome 0ffairs 0ug >, &>?2 Dct &@, &>?4
2
nd
,tT Prime <inister 70cting9 o) 2>, &>?2 "eb :, &>?B
B
rd
,tT "inance =an &2, &>?> =un B0, &>?>
Table 2% Cabinet Positions Held by ;noue Kaou
Inoue 7o)as&i
$i)ed &>4B to &>?@'
&
st
,tT Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau "eb J, &>>> 0pr B0, &>>>
4uroda Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 0pr B0, &>>> #ec 24, &>>?
&
st
Eamagata Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau #ec 24, &>>? <ay :, &>?&
2
nd
,tT Pducation <ar J, &>?B 0ug 2?, &>?4
Table 2& Cabinet Positions Held by ;noue Ko1ashi
Inoue Niss&o
aka ,noue 0kira
!"3
8noue Ni**ho
$i)ed &>>: to &?:J'
Inoue Tetsu:iro
$i)ed &>@: to &?44'
Inu+ai Tsuyos&i
$i)ed 20 0pri( &>@@ to &@ <ay &?B2'
Prime <inister from &B #ecember &?B& to &@ <ay &?B2' Lis cabinet (asted unti(
2: <ay &?B2'
&
st
Skuma Pducation Dct 2J, &>?> o) >, &>?>
2
nd
Eamamoto Pducation Sep 2, &?2B Sep :, &?2B
2
nd
Eamamoto Communications Sep 2, &?2B =an J, &?24
&
st
4atT Communications =un &&, &?24 <ay B0, &?2@
,nukai "oreign 0ffairs #ec &B, &?B& =an &4, &?B2
,nukai Prime <inister #ec &B, &?B& <ay &@, &?B2
,nukai Lome 0ffairs <ar &:, &?B2 <ar 2@, &?B2
Table 2* Cabinet Positions Held by ;nukai Tsuyoshi
!"4
8nukai )*uyo*hi
,nukai -suyoshi Prime <inister #ec &B, &?B& <ay &@, &?B2
Eamamoto -ei8irT 0gricu(ture W "orestry #ec &B, &?B& <ay 2:, &?B2
<ori 4aku Chief of Cabinet Secretariat #ec &B, &?B& <ay 2:, &?B2
Shimada -oshio Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau #ec &B, &?B& <ay 2:, &?B2
Lata -oyosuke Co(oni5ation #ec &B, &?B& <ay 2:, &?B2
<aeda Eone5T Commerce W ,ndustry #ec &B, &?B& <ay 2:, &?B2
<itsuchi ChX5T Communications #ec &B, &?B& <ay 2:, &?B2
Latoyama ,chirT Pducation #ec &B, &?B& <ay 2:, &?B2
-akahashi 4orekiyo "inance #ec &B, &?B& <ay 2:, &?B2
,nukai -suyoshi "oreign 0ffairs #ec &B, &?B& =an &4, &?B2
Eoshi5a*a 4enkichi "oreign 0ffairs =an &4, &?B2 <ay 2:, &?B2
akahashi -okugorT Lome 0ffairs #ec &B, &?B& <ar &:, &?B2
,nukai -suyoshi Lome 0ffairs <ar &:, &?B2 <ar 2@, &?B2
Su5uki 4isaburT Lome 0ffairs <ar 2@, &?B2 <ay 2:, &?B2
Su5uki 4isaburT =ustice #ec &B, &?B& <ar 2@, &?B2
4a*amura -ake8i =ustice <ar 2@, &?B2 <ay 2:, &?B2
Ssumi <ineo a)y #ec &B, &?B& <ay 2:, &?B2
-okonami -ake8irT ;ai(*ays #ec &B, &?B& <ay 2:, &?B2
0raki Sadao 6ar #ec &B, &?B& <ay 2:, &?B2
Table 33 ;nukai Tsuyoshi's Cabinet
Io:i
Io:i9yama
0 mountain in <ika*a Pro)ince' ,n &@J@, -akeda 4atsuyori and Dda obunaga
fought part of the /att(e of agashino on ,o8i-yama'
see a(so3
<ika*a Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
agashino, /att(e of 7pg' A9,
-akeda 4atsuyori 7pg' A9,
Ise ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today <ie Prefecture' ,se bordered on ,ga, 4ii,
<ino, Smi, D*ari, Shima, and Eamato Pro)inces'
!"5
8*e %ro&ince
Domains
Fief "oku Controe# by$ From To
<atsu5aka BJ000 "uruta Shigekatsu &:00
Table 31Do.ains in ;se Po=ince
see a(so3
"uruta Shigekatsu 7pg' A9,
,ga Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
4ii Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
<atsu5aka-han 7pg' A9,
<ie Prefecture 7pg' A9,
Shima Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Is&ibas&i Tan-an
$i)ed &>>4 to &?JB'
Prime <inister from 2B #ecember &?@: to 2@ "ebruary &?@J'
Is&ida /ai'an
$i)ed &:>@ to &J44'
Is&ida *itsunari
$i)ed &@:0 to &:00
-he prime mo)er behind the anti--okuga*a coa(ition that (ost the /att(e of Seki-
gahara' <itsunari *as a better schemer than genera( or dip(omat and this caused
some friction in the coa(ition' 0t the )ery (east <itsunariGs persona(ity hurt
mora(e among the commanders of the 6estern army and concei)ab(y contribut-
ed to their defeat'
#ee Also
Sekigahara, /att(e of 7pg 2@29
Is&i&ara 7an:i
see ,shi*ara 4an8i on page AA'
!"6
8*hii :iku@iro
Is&ii 7i+u:iro
$i)ed &>:: to &?4@'
Is&i+a)a refe%ture
0rea3 4,&>@ km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 4ana5a*a
Popu(ation3 &,&J0,000 7&??:9
Dne of the 4J ma8or administrati)e units in modern =apan' ,shika*a is (ocated
a(ong the Sea of =apan side, right about in the midd(e' -he oto Peninsu(a 7page
AAA9, *hich is part of ,shika*a, 8uts out into the Sea of =apan and makes it )ery
easy to find ,shika*a on a map'
Is&i+a)a #ans&iro
$i)ed &>J: to &?@:'
Is&i)ara 7an:i
aka ,shihara 4an8i
$i)ed &>?B to &?>&
Is&iyama Hon'an9:i
Seat of the ,kkT sect after the Longan8i in 4yotT *as destroyed' ,t took Dda
obunaga ten years to fina((y reduce this strongho(d'
Is&i-a)a Tai-o
$i)ed &>>: to &?J@'
Ita'a+i #eis&ir8
$i)ed 2& =an' &>>@ to 2B #ec' &?4>
So(dier'
-ried as a c(ass K0G *ar crimina( and e.ecuted'
Ita'a+i Taisu+e
$i)ed &>BJ to &?&?'
!"7
8tagaki )ai*uke
Cabinet ositions
2
nd
,tT Lome 0ffairs 0pr &4, &>?: Sep &>, &>?:
2
nd
<atsukata Lome 0ffairs Sep &>, &>?: Sep 20, &>?:
&
st
Skuma Lome 0ffairs =un B0, &>?> o) >, &>?>
Table 32 Cabinet Positions Held by ;ta,aki Taisuke
Itai9Itai9/y8
0 <itsui 7chemica(V9 p(ant in Gifu Prefecture re(eased cadmium into a ri)er and
said cadmium e)entua((y made peop(e in -oyama sick' #octors understood cad-
mium to be the cause of the i((ness in &?@J' 0 mo)ement for redress *as started
in &?:B and e)entua((y &>B peop(e *ere recogni5ed by the go)ernment as suffer-
ing from the disease'
7this entry needs to be doub(e checked as *e(( as a (ot more detai(9
Itami Castle
It8 Hirobumi
$i)ed 2 Sept' &>4& to 2: Dct' &?0?
/orn into a (o* ranking ChTshX samurai fami(y in &>4&' Drigina((y he(d anti-
foreign )ie*s but (ater became anti to bakufu'
Secret(y )isited Png(and &>:B to &>:4'
Le(d a )ariety of posts in the <ei8i go)ernment' 6as a member of the ,*akura
<ission' /y &>>& he *as one of the most po*erfu( men in the go)ernment and
the &>>& po(itica( crisis further cemented his po*er'
%isited Purope in &>>2 1to study 6estern Constitutions2 7many peop(e be(ie)e
he had a(ready decided on the German mode(9' !pon his return, he (ead the cre-
ation of the peerage system and the cabinet system'
6as =apanGs first prime minister'
President of the Pri)y Counci(3 &>>> to &>?0 and &?0B to &?0@
;esident-Genera( of the Protectorate of 4orea from &?0@ to &?0?'
0ssassinated by a 4orean nationa(ist at Larbin in &?0?'
!"8
8t0 4irobumi
Cabinet ositions
&
st
,tT Prime <inister #ec 22, &>>@ 0pr B0, &>>>
&
st
,tT "oreign 0ffairs Sep &:, &>>J "eb &, &>>>
4uroda Lanretsu 0pr B0, &>>> #ec 24, &>>?
2
nd
,tT Prime <inister 0ug >, &>?2 Sep &>, &>?:
B
rd
,tT Prime <inister =an &2, &>?> =un B0, &>?>
4
th
,tT Prime <inister Dct &?, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
Table 33 Cabinet Positions Held by ;t Hiobu.i
First Cabinet
,tT Lirobumi Prime <inister #ec 22, &>>@ 0pr B0, &>>>
-ani 4an8T 0gricu(ture W Commerce #ec 22, &>>@ =u( 2:, &>>J
Li8ikata Lisamoto 0gricu(ture W Commerce =u( 2:, &>>J Sep &:, &>>J
4urota 4iyotaka 0gricu(ture W Commerce Sep &:, &>>J 0pr B0, &>>>
-anaka <itsuaki Chief of Cabinet Secretariat #ec 22, &>>@ 0pr B0, &>>>
Pnomoto -akeaki Communications #ec 22, &>>@ 0pr B0, &>>>
,noue 4o*ashi Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau "eb J, &>>> 0pr B0, &>>>
Eamao ET5T #irector of $egis(ati)e /u-
reau #ec 2B, &>>@ "eb J, &>>>
<ori 0rinori Pducation #ec 22, &>>@ 0pr B0, &>>>
<atsukata <asayoshi "inance #ec 22, &>>@ 0pr B0, &>>>
,noue 4aoru "oreign 0ffairs #ec 22, &>>@ Sep &:, &>>J
,tT Lirobumi "oreign 0ffairs Sep &:, &>>J "eb &, &>>>
Skuma Shigenobu "oreign 0ffairs "eb &, &>>> 0pr B0, &>>>
Eamagata 0ritomo Lome 0ffairs #ec 22, &>>@ 0pr B0, &>>>
Eamada 0kiyoshi =ustice #ec 22, &>>@ 0pr B0, &>>>
SaigT -sugumichi a)y #ec 22, &>>@ =u( &0, &>>:
Syama ,*ao a)y =u( &0, &>>: =u( &, &>>J
SaigT -sugumichi a)y =u( &, &>>J 0pr B0, &>>>
Syama ,*ao 6ar #ec 22, &>>@ 0pr B0, &>>>
Table 34 ;t Hiobu.i's >ist Cabinet
!"
8t0 4irobumi
#e%ond Cabinet
,tT Lirobumi Prime <inister 0ug >, &>?2 Sep &>, &>?:
,noue 4aoru Prime <inister 70cting9 o) 2>, &>?2 "eb :, &>?B
GotT ShT8irT 0gricu(ture W Commerce 0ug >, &>?2 =an 22, &>?4
Pnomoto -akeaki 0gricu(ture W Commerce =an 22, &>?4 Sep &>, &>?:
,tT <iyo8i Chief of Cabinet Secre-
tariat 0ug >, &>?2 Sep &>, &>?:
Suematsu 4enchT Chief of $egis(ati)e /u-
reau 0ug >, &>?2 Sep &>, &>?:
-akashima -omonosuke Co(oni5ation 0ug >, &>?2 Sep &>, &>?:
6atanabe 4unitake Communications <ar &J, &>?@ Dct ?, &>?@
Shirane SenGichi Communications Dct ?, &>?@ Sep &>, &>?:
4Tno -ogama Pducation 0ug >, &>?2 <ar J, &>?B
,noue 4o*ashi Pducation <ar J, &>?B 0ug 2?, &>?4
Saion8i 4inmochi Pducation Dct B, &>?4 Sep &>, &>?:
6atanabe 4uniaki "inance 0ug >, &>?2 <ar &J, &>?@
<atsukata <asayoshi "inance <ar &J, &>?@ 0ug 2J, &>?@
6atanabe 4uniaki "inance 0ug 2J, &>?@ Sep &>, &>?:
<utsu <unemitsu "oreign 0ffairs 0ug >, &>?2 =un @, &>?@
Saion8i 4inmochi "oreign 0ffairs =un @, &>?@ 0pr B, &>?:
<utsu <unemitsu "oreign 0ffairs 0pr B, &>?: <ay B0, &>?:
Saion8i 4inmochi "oreign 0ffairs <ay B0, &>?: Sep &>, &>?:
4urota 4iyotaka Lanretsu <ar &J, &>?@ Sep &>, &>?:
,noue 4aoru Lome 0ffairs 0ug >, &>?2 Dct &@, &>?4
omura Easushi Lome 0ffairs Dct &@, &>?4 "eb B, &>?:
Eoshika*a 0kimasa Lome 0ffairs "eb B, &>?: 0pr &4, &>?:
,tagaki -aisuke Lome 0ffairs 0pr &4, &>?: Sep &>, &>?:
Eamagata 0ritomo =ustice 0ug >, &>?2 <ar &&, &>?B
Eoshika*a 0kimasa =ustice <ar &:, &>?B Dct B, &>?4
ire 4agenori a)y 0ug >, &>?2 <ar &&, &>?B
SaigT -sugumichi a)y <ar &&, &>?B Sep &>, &>?:
Syama ,*ao 6ar 0ug >, &>?2 Dct ?, &>?4
SaigT -sugumichi 6ar Dct ?, &>?4 <ar J, &>?@
Eamagata 0ritomo 6ar <ar J, &>?@ 0pr 2>, &>?@
SaigT -sugumichi 6ar 0pr 2>, &>?@ <ay >, &>?@
Eamagata 0ritomo 6ar <ay >, &>?@ <ay 2:, &>?@
!3#
8t0 4irobumi
Syama ,*ao 6ar <ay 2:, &>?@ Sep &>, &>?:
Table 3" ;t Hiobu.i's #econd Cabinet
T&ird Cabinet
,tT Lirobumi Prime <inister =an &2, &>?> =un B0, &>?>
,tT <iyo8i 0gricu(ture W Commerce =an &2, &>?> 0pr 2:, &>?>
4aneko 4entarT 0gricu(ture W Commerce 0pr 2:, &>?> =un B0, &>?>
Same8ima -akenosuke Chief of Cabinet Secretariat =an &2, &>?> =un B0, &>?>
!me 4en8irT Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau =an &2, &>?> =un B0, &>?>
Suematsu 4enchT Communications =an &2, &>?> =un B0, &>?>
Saion8i 4inmochi Pducation =an &2, &>?> 0pr B0, &>?>
-oyama ShTichi Pducation 0pr B0, &>?> =un B0, &?>>
,noue 4aoru "inance =an &2, &>?> =un B0, &>?>
ishi -oku8irT "oreign 0ffairs =an &2, &>?> =un B0, &>?>
Eoshika*a 0kimasa Lome 0ffairs =an &2, &>?> =un B0, &>?>
Sone 0rasuke =ustice =an &2, &>?> =un B0, &>?>
SaigT -sugumichi a)y =an &2, &>?> =un B0, &>?>
4atsura -arT 6ar =an &2, &>?> =un B0, &>?>
Table 3$ ;t Hiobu.i's Thid Cabinet
Fourt& Cabinet
,tT Lirobumi Prime <inister Dct &?, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
Layashi EX5T 0gricu(ture W Commerce Dct &?, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
Same8ima -akenosuke Chief of Cabinet Secre-
tariat Dct &?, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
Dkuda Eoshindo Chief of $egis(ati)e /u-
reau Dct &?, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
Loshi -Tru Communications Dct &?, &?00 #ec 22, &?00
Lara 4ei Communications #ec 22, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
<atsuda <asahisa Pducation Dct &?, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
6atanabe 4unitake "inance Dct &?, &?00 <ay &4, &?0&
Saion8i 4inmochi "inance <ay &4, &?0& =un 2, &?0&
4atT -akaaki "oreign 0ffairs Dct &?, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
!3!
8t0 4irobumi
Saion8i 4inmochi Lanretsu Dct &?, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
Suematsu 4enchT Lome 0ffairs Dct &?, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
4aneko 4entarT =ustice Dct &?, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
Eamamoto GonnohyTe a)y Dct &?, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
4atsura -arT 6ar Dct &?, &?00 #ec 2B, &?00
4odama GentarT 6ar #ec 2B, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
Table 3%;t Hiobu.i's >outh Cabinet
#ee Also
ChTshX-han 7pg' A9, ,*akura <ission 7pg' A9, Po(itica( Crisis of &>>& 7pg' A9,
-ab(e of Prime <inisters 7pg' A9, 4orea, Protectorate of 7pg' A9, Larbin 7pg' A9,
Ito+u9tenn8
-he 4
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned @&0 to 4JJ /'C'
It8 *iyo:i
$i)ed J <ay &>@J to &? "eb' &?B4'
Po(itician'
It8 Noe
$i)ed 2& =an' &>?@ to &: Sept' &?2B
"rom "ukuoka'
,tT oe *as acti)e in the ear(y &?00Gs as a feminist and an anarchist'
=oined the Seitosha in &?&B'
$i)ed and *orked *ith the anarchist Ssugi Sakae from &?&:' $ess emphasis on
feminism and more on anarchism'
0rrested, a(ong *ith a nephe* and Ssugi, after the Great 4anto ParthHuake of
&?2B' 0(( three *ere murdered by the po(ice short(y after*ards'
#ee Also
0narchism 7pg' A9, "eminism 7pg' A9, Great 4anto ParthHuake 7pg' ?>9, Ssugi
Sakae 7pg' 2B49, Seitosha 7pg' A9,
!3"
8waki %ro&ince
I)a+i ro4in%e
-oday part of "ukushima and <iyagi Prefectures' ,*aki bordered on Litachi,
,*ashiro, ;iku5en, Shimotsuke, and !5en Pro)inces'
#ee Also
"ukushima Prefecture 7pg' A9, Litachi Pro)ince 7pg' A9, ,*ashiro Pro)ince 7pg'
A9, <iyagi Prefecture 7pg' A9, ;iku5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Shimotsuke Pro)ince
7pg' A9, !5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
I)a+ura *ission
$asted from &>J& to &>JB
I)a+ura Tomomi
$i)ed &@ Sept' &>2@ to 20 =u(y &>>B'
I)ami ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today part of Shimane Prefecture' ,*ami bordered
on 0ki, /ingo, ,5umo, agato, and SuT Pro)inces'
see a(so3
0ki Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
/ingo Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
,5umi Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
agato Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Shimane Prefecture 7pg' A9,
SuT Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
I)amura. #ei'e of
0kiyama obutomo took the cast(e from the *ido* of -Tyama 4agetT'
see a(so3
0kiyama obutomo 7pg' A9,
-Tyama 4agetT 7pg' A9,
\\LB
I)asa+i 5ataro
$i)ed &>B@ to &>>@'
!33
8wa*hiro %ro&ince
I)as&iro ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today "ukushima Prefecture' ,*ashiro bordered on
Pchigo, ,*aki, 4T5uke, Shimotsuke, and !5en Pro)inces'
see a(so3
"ukushima Prefecture 7pg' A9,
4T5uke Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Shimotsuke Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
!5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
I)ate refe%ture
0rea3 &@,2J> km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 <oriaki
Popu(ation3 &,4B0,000 7&??:9
Iyo ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today Phime Prefecture on Shikoku' ,yo bordered
on 0*a, Sanuki, and -osa Pro)inces'
see a(so3
0*a Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Phime Prefecture 7pg' A9,
Sanuki Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Shikoku 7pg' A9,
-osa Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
I-umi ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today part of Ssaka Prefecture' ,5umi bordered on
4a*achi, 4ii, and Settsu Pro)inces'
see a(so3
4a*achi Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Ssaka Prefecture 7pg' A9,
!34
8zumi %ro&ince
I-umo ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today part of Shimane Prefecture' ,5umo bordered
on /ingo, LTki, and ,*ami Pro)inces'
see a(so3
/ingo Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
LTki Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
,*ami Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Shimane Prefecture 7pg' A9,
I-u ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today part of Shi5uoka Prefecture' ,5u bordered on
Sagami and Suruga Pro)inces'
see a(so3
Sagami Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Shi5uoka Prefecture 7pg' A9,
Suruga Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Capan Communist arty , Cura+utei Castle
Capan Communist arty
Capan "H%&an'e and Tea%&in' ro'ram
aka =P- Program
-he =P- Program brings young peop(e to =apan to act as 0$-Gs 70ssistant $an-
guage -eachers9 in =apanese schoo(s' -he program is run by se)era( ministries of
the =apanese go)ernment, inc(uding the "oreign <inistry and <ombusho, the
<inistry of Sports, Pducation, and Cu(ture' Participants, *ho are se(ected by a
rather opaHue process that may in)o()e thro*ing darts, must ha)e a pu(se and a
co((ege degree 7in *hat doesnGt seem to matter9'
Participants are gi)en one year contracts *orth about B mi((ion yen' -hey may
rene* this contract upto t*ice --- thus the ma.imum stay on the =P- Program is
three years, a(though most participants choose to (ea)e after one or t*o years'
6hi(e the go)ernmentGs p(an possib(y in)o()ed sending (ots of young peop(e
home *ith *onderfu( memories of =apan --- P; in other *ords --- the rea(ity is
that the go)ernment is sending a (ot of foreigners home *ith memories of ho*
!35
9apan /Ichange an- )eaching %rogram
=apan and the =apanese education system rea((y are' 6hether this *i(( backfire in
the go)ernmentGs co((ecti)e face remains to be seen'
Capan Fabian #o%iety
Capan #o%ialist arty
aka =SP
C"T ro'ram
see =apan P.change and -eaching Program on page AAA'
Cian
engT3 &02&--&02B'
aka Chian'
Ci:i #&inp8
Cimmu9tenn8
-he &
st
emperor of =apan'
;eigned ::0 to @>@ /'C'
<ytho(ogica( of course'
Cin'o9+eiun
engT3 J:J--J:?'
Cin+i
engT3 J24--J2>'
aka Shinki'
Cire+i
engT3 &0:@--&0:>'
aka Chiryaku'
Cis&8
engT3 &&JJ--&&>0'
aka =i8T'
!36
9it0+tenn0
Cit89tenn8
Pmpress'
$i)ed :4@ to 22 #ec' J02'
-he 4&
st
ru(er of =apan'
;eigned & =an' :?0 to & 0ug' :?J'
C88
engT3 &:@2--&:@4'
aka ShTT'
C8ei
engT3 &2B2--&2B2'
C8'an
engT3 >@?-->J:'
aka =Tkan'
C8'en
engT3 ?J:--?JJ'
aka -eigen'
C8'en
engT3 &20J--&2&0'
aka ShTgen'
C8&8
engT3 &0J4--&0J:'
aka ShThT'
C8:i
engT of the orthern #ynasty3 &B:2--&B:J'
Co+an
engT3
!37
90ky0
C8+y8
engT3 &:>4--&:>J'
aka -eikyT'
C8+y>
engT3 &2&?--&22&'
aka ShTkyX'
Comei9tenn8
-he B4
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed @?B to ? Dct' :4&'
;eigned 4 =an' :2? to ? Dct' :4&'
C8to+u
engT3 &0?J--&0?>'
aka ShTtoku'
Cuei
engT3 &&>2--&&>B'
Cunna9tenn8
-he @B
rd
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed J>: to > <ay >40'
;eigned &: 0pri( >2B to 2> "eb' >BB'
Cunnin9tenn8
-he 4J
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed JBB to 2B Dct' J:@'
;eigned & 0ug' J@> to ? Dct' J:4'
Cunto+u9tenn8
-he >4
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed &0 Sept' &&?J to &2 Sept' &242'
;eigned 2@ o)' &2&0 to 20 0pri( &22&'
!38
9urakutei Ca*tle
Cura+utei Castle
,n 4yTto' /ui(t by -oyotomi Lideyoshi' /ui(t 7comp(etedV9 in &@>:' #emo(-
ished in &@?@'
7aei , 7y>s&> Campai'n
7aei
engT3 &>4>--&>@B'
7a'a ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today part of ,shika*a Prefecture' 4aga bordered
on Pchi5en, PtchX, Lida, and oto Pro)inces'
see a(so3
,shika*a Prefecture 7pg' A9,
oto Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
7a'a)a refe%ture
0rea3 &,>J@ km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 -akamatsu
Popu(ation3 &,0B0,000 7&??:9
7a'a)a Toyo&i+o
$i)ed &>>> to &?:0'
7a'en
engT3 &B0B--&B0@'
7a'os&ima refe%ture
0rea3 ?,&>: km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 4agoshima
Popu(ation3 &,>00,000 7&??:9
!3
:ah0
7a&8
engT3 &0?4--&0?@'
7aifu Tos&i+i
Prime <inister from &0 0ugust &?>? to 2> "ebruary &??0 and again 2> "ebruary
&??0 to @ o)ember &??&' ;ep(aced by <iya5a*a 4iichi 7pg AAA9'
7ai+a9tenn8
-he ?
th
Pmperor of =apan'
$i)ed 200 to ?> /'C' 7V9
;eigned &@> to ?> /'C'
-he third son of the emperor 4Tgen'
6ith dates (ike these, this emperor is mytho(ogica(, and shou(d be taken *ith a
sa(t tab(et'
7ai+ei
7ai ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today Eamanashi Prefecture' 4ai bordered on
4T5uke, <usashi, Sagami, Shinano, and Suruga Pro)inces'
see a(so3
4T5uke Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
<usashi Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Eamanashi Prefecture 7pg' A9,
7aiseit8
7a:8
engT3 >4>-->@0'
aka 4ashT'
7a:8
engT3 &&0:--&&0J'
!4#
:a@0
aka 4ashT'
7a+ei
engT of the orthern #ynasty3 &B>J--&B>>'
7a+inomoto no Hitomaru
$i)ed :>@ to J0@'
7a+itsu
engT3 &44&--&44B'
7ama+ura #&8'unate
7ambun
engT3 &::&--&:J2'
7ameyama9tenn8
-he ?0
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed 2J <ay &24? to &@ Sept' &B0@'
;eigned 2: o)' &2@? to 2: =an' &2J4'
7ami+a-e (0$
K4amika5eG trans(ates to Png(ish as K#i)ine 6indG' ,t is the name gi)en to the ty-
phoon that destroyed the <ongo( f(eet supporting that in)asion of =apan' -he
ships (ucky enough to sur)i)e (imped back to 4orea and the <ongo(s ne)er
again attempted to in)ade =apan'
-he =apanese interpreted the storm as a sort of di)ine protection of their is(ands,
thus Kkamika5eG'
7ami+a-e (2$
,n 6or(d 6ar ,, / the Pacific 6ar, kamika5e pi(ots f(e* p(anes specia((y outfit-
ted *ith bombs into 0merican ships' ,t *as a (ast ditch attemp to turn the tide of
batt(e in the Pacific' ,t *as not effecti)e'
7amino:o. #ei'e of
-ook p(ace in &@:2'
!dono agamochi 7*hoV9 defended the cast(e for the ,maga*a 7V9' -okuga*a
,eyasu beseiged the cast(e and *as ab(e to take it after using nin8a'
!4!
:ami
7ami
=apan *ord meaning KgodG or something (ike KspiritG in the sense of Ksou(G or Kdi-
)ineG' -hus, a kami cou(d be a god 7(o*er case g9 or the sou( / spirit of a departed
person' /asica((y it is something supernatura( that is to be respected 7but not
fearedV9'
7ammu9tenn8
-he @0
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed JBJ to &J <arch >0:'
;eigned B 0pri( J>& to &J <arch >0:'
7amp8
engT3 &J4&--&J4B'
7ampy8
engT3 >>?-->?J'
7ana'a)a refe%ture
0rea3 2,4&4 km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 Eokohama
Popu(ation3 >,&J0,000 7&??:9
7anayama. /attle of
7ana-a)a Castle
<aeda -oshinaga bui(t and resided in 4ana5a*a Cast(e'
see a(so3
<aeda -oshinaga 7pg' A9,
7ana-a)a City
4ana5a*a is the capita( of ,shika*a Prefecture' Popu(ation is rough(y 4@0,000' ,t
is famous for, among other things, its go(d-(eaf products, 4enrokuen, and the
samurai district 7the bukeyashiki9'
see a(so3
4enrokuen 7pg' A9,
/ukeyashiki 7Samurai #istrict9 7pg' A9,
!4"
:anHei@i
7an;ei:i
7an;ei
engT3 &:24--&:4B'
7ane+o 7entar8
$i)ed 4 "eb' &>@B to &: <ay &?42'
7an;en
engT3 &J4>--&J@0'
7an'en
engT3 &24B--&24:'
7an:i
engT3 &0>J--&0?B'
7an+i
engT3 &22?--&2B&'
7an+8
engT3 &004--&0&&'
7anna
engT3 ?>@--?>:'
aka 4an*a'
7annin
engT3 &0&J--&020'
7anno #u'a+o
aka 4anno Suga'
$i)ed &>>& to &?&&'
7anno #u'a
see 4anno Sugako 7page AAA9
7an8 "ito+u
$i)ed &B =an' &@4B to &4 Sept' &@?0'
!43
:an0 /itoku
<omoyama era artist'
7an8 Ci'or8
$i)ed 2> Dct' &>:0 to 4 <ay &?B>
4anT =igorT is credited *ith creating the modern sport of =udo out of the o(der
and more )io(ent fighting arts of the samurai'
7an;8
engT of the orthern #ynasty3 &B@0--&B@&'
7ansei
engT3 &J>?--&>00'
7ans&8
engT3 &4:0--&4:@'
7anto+u
engT3 &044--&04@'
7an)a
engT3 ?>@--?>:'
0(so kno*n as 4anna' See that entry for more detai(s'
7a8
engT3 &&:?--&&J0'
7are+i
engT3 &B2:--&B2>'
0(so kno*n as 4aryaku' See that entry for more detai(s'
7aro+u
engT3 &22@--&22:'
7arya+u
engT3 &B2:--&B2>'
aka 4areki'
!44
:a*h0
7as&8
engT3 >4>-->@0'
7atao+a 7en+i%&i
$i)ed 2: #ec' &>4B 7&>44V9 to B& Dct' &?0B'
7atayama #en
$i)ed B #ec' &>@? 7&>:09 to @ o)' &?BB'
7atayama Tetsu
$i)ed 2> =u(y &>>J to B0 <ay &?J>'
Prime <inister from 24 <ay &?4J to &0 <arch &?4>' 6as a(so brief(y <inister
of 0gricu(ture and "orestry in his o*n cabinet --- from 4 o)ember &?4J &B #e-
cember &?4J'
7atei
engT3 &2B@--&2BJ'
7at8 Hiroyu+i
$i)ed 2B =une &>B: to ? "eb &?&:'
7ato 7a-ue
see <isora Libari on page AAA'
7at8 7omei
see 4atT -akaaki on page AAA'
7at8 Ta+aa+i
aka 4atT 4omei'
$i)ed B =an' &>:0 to 2> =an &?2:'
!45
:at0 )akaaki
4
th
,tT "oreign 0ffairs Dct &?, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
&
st
Saion8i "oreign 0ffairs =an J, &?0: <ar B, &?0:
B
rd
4atsura "oreign 0ffairs =an 2?, &?&B "eb 20, &?&B
2
nd
Skuma "oreign 0ffairs 0pr &:, &?&4 0ug &0, &?&@
&
st
4atT 7-akaaki9 Prime <inister =un &&, &?24 0ug 2, &?2@
2
nd
4atT 7-akaaki9 Prime <inister 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
Table 3&Cabinet Positions Held by Kat Takaaki
4atT -akaaki Prime <inister =un &&, &?24 0ug 2, &?2@
-akahashi 4orekiyo 0gricu(ture W Commerce =un &&, &?24 0pr &, &?2@
-akahashi 4orekiyo 0gricu(ture W "orestry 0pr &, &?2@ 0pr &J, &?2@
Dka5aki 4unisuke 0gricu(ture W "orestry 0pr &J, &?2@ 0ug 2, &?2@
Pgi -asuku Chief of Cabinet Secretariat =un &&, &?24 0ug 2, &?2@
-sukamoto Sei8i Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau =un &&, &?24 0ug 2, &?2@
-akahashi 4orekiyo Commerce W ,ndustry 0pr &, &?2@ 0pr &J, &?2@
oda !tarT Commerce W ,ndustry 0pr &J, &?2@ 0ug 2, &?2@
,nukai -suyoshi Communications =un &&, &?24 <ay B0, &?2@
0dachi 4en5T Communications <ay B&, &?2@ 0ug 2, &?2@
Dkada ;yThei Pducation =un &&, &?24 0ug 2, &?2@
Lamaguchi Dsachi "inance =un &&, &?24 0ug 2, &?2@
Shidehara 4i8urT "oreign 0ffairs =un &&, &?24 0ug 2, &?2@
6akatsuki ;ei8irT Lome 0ffairs =un &&, &?24 0ug 2, &?2@
Eokota Sennosuke =ustice =un &&, &?24 "eb @, &?2@
-akahashi 4orekiyo =ustice "eb @, &?2@ "eb ?, &?2@
Dga*a Leikichi =ustice "eb ?, &?2@ 0ug 2, &?2@
-akarabe -akeshi a)y =un &&, &?24 0ug 2, &?2@
Sengoku <itsugu ;ai(*ays =un &&, &?24 0ug 2, &?2@
!gaki 4a5ushige 6ar =un &&, &?24 0ug 2, &?2@
Table 3* Kat Takaaki's >ist Cabinet
4atT -akaaki Prime <inister 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
Layami Sei8i 0gricu(ture W "orestry 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
-sukamoto Sei8i Chief of Cabinet Secretariat 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
!46
:at0 )akaaki
Eamaka*a -adao Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
4ataoka aoharu Commerce W ,ndustry 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
0dachi 4en5T Communications 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
Dkada ;yThei Pducation 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
Lamaguchi Dsachi "inance 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
Shidehara 4i8urT "oreign 0ffairs 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
6akatsuki ;ei8irT Lome 0ffairs 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
Pgi -asuku =ustice 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
-akarabe -akeshi a)y 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
Sengoku <itsugu ;ai(*ays 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
!gaki 4a5ushige 6ar 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2:
Table 43Kat Takaaki's #econd Cabinet
7at8 Tomosabur8
$i)ed &>:& to &?2B'
2
nd
Skuma a)y 0ug &0, &?&@ Dct ?, &?&:
-erauchi a)y Dct ?, &?&: Sep 2?, &?&>
Lara a)y Sep 2?, &?&> o) &B, &?&2
-akahashi a)y o) &B, &?2& =un &2, &?22
4atT 7-omosaburT9 a)y =un &2, &?22 <ay &@, &?2B
4atT 7-omosaburT9 Prime <inister =un &2, &?22 Sep 2, &?2B
Table 41 Cabinet Positions Held by Kat To.osabu
4atT -omosaburT Prime <inister =un &2, &?22 Sep 2, &?2B
0rai 4entarT 0gricu(ture W Commerce =un &2, &?22 Sep 2, &?2B
<iyata <itsuo Chief of Cabinet Secretariat =un &2, &?22 Sep 2, &?2B
/aba Piichi Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau =un &2, &?22 Sep 2, &?2B
<aeda -oshisada Communications =un &2, &?22 Sep 2, &?2B
4amata Pikichi Pducation =un &2, &?22 Sep 2, &?2B
,chiki Dtohiko "inance =un &2, &?22 Sep 2, &?2B
!chida 4Tsai "oreign 0ffairs =un &2, &?22 Sep 2, &?2B
<i5uno ;entarT Lome 0ffairs =un &2, &?22 Sep 2, &?2B
Dkano 4ei8irT =ustice =un &2, &?22 Sep 2, &?2B
!47
:at0 )omo*abur0
4atT -omosaburT a)y =un &2, &?22 <ay &@, &?2B
-akarabe -akeshi a)y <ay &@, &?2B Sep 2, &?2B
Ski Pnkichi ;ai(*ays =un &2, &?22 Sep 2, &?2B
Eamanashi Lan5T 6ar =un &2, &?22 Sep 2, &?2B
Table 42 Kat To.osabu's Cabinet
7atsu A)a
see 4atsu 4aishu on page AAA
7atsu 7ais&u
aka 4atsu 0*a
aka 4atsu ;intaro
$i)ed &>2B to &>??'
7atsura Tar8
$i)ed 2> o) &>4J to &0 Dct &?&B'
B
rd
,tT 6ar =an &2, &>?> =un B0, &>?>
&
st
Skuma 6ar =un B0, &>?> o) >, &>?>
2
nd
Eamagata 6ar o) >, &>?> Dct &?, &?00
4
th
,tT 6ar Dct &?, &?00 #ec 2B, &?00
&
st
4atsura Prime <inister =un 2, &?0& =an J, &?0:
&
st
4atsura Lome 0ffairs Dct &2, &?0B "eb 20, &?04
&
st
4atsura "oreign 0ffairs =u( B, &?0@ Dct &>, &?0@
&
st
4atsura "oreign 0ffairs o) 4, &?0@ =an 2, &?0:
&
st
4atsura Pducation #ec &4, &?0@ =an J, &?0:
2
nd
4atsura Prime <inister =u( &4, &?0> 0ug B0, &?&&
2
nd
4atsura "inance =u( &4, &?0> 0ug B0, &?&&
B
rd
4atsura "oreign 0ffairs #ec 2&, &?&2 =an 2?, &?&B
B
rd
4atsura Prime <inister #ec 2&, &?&2 "eb 20, &?&B
Table 43Cabinet Positions Held by Katsua Ta
4atsura -arT Prime <inister =un 2, &?0& =an J, &?0:
Lirata -Tsuke 0gricu(ture W Commerce =un 2, &?0& =u( &J, &?0B
!48
:at*ura )ar0
4iyoura 4eigo 0gricu(ture W Commerce =u( &J, &?0B =an J, &?0:
Shibata 4amon Chief of Cabinet Secretariat =un 2, &?0& =an J, &?0:
Dkuda Eoshindo Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau =un 2, &?0& Sep 2:, &?02
,chiki 4itokurT Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau Sep 2:, &?02 =an J, &?0:
Eoshika*a 0kimasa Communications =un 2, &?0& =u( &J, &?0B
Sone 0rasuke Communications =u( &J, &?0B Sep 22, &?0B
Sura 4anetake Communications Sep 22, &?0B =an J, &?0:
4ikuchi #airoku Pducation =un 2, &?0& =u( &J, &?0B
4odama GentarT Pducation =u( &J, &?0B Sep 22, &?0B
4ubota Eu5uru Pducation Sep 22, &?0B #ec &4, &?0@
4atsura -arT Pducation #ec &4, &?0@ =an J, &?0:
Sone 0rasuke "inance =un 2, &?0& =an J, &?0:
Sone 0rasuke "oreign 0ffairs =un 2, &?0& Sep 2&, &?0&
4omura =XtarT "oreign 0ffairs Sep 2&, &?0& =u( B, &?0@
4omura =XtarT "oreign 0ffairs =an 2, &?0@ =an J, &?0@
4atsura -arT "oreign 0ffairs =u( B, &?0@ Dct &>, &?0@
4omura =XtarT "oreign 0ffairs Dct &>, &?0@ o) 4, &?0@
4atsura -arT "oreign 0ffairs o) 4, &?0@ =an 2, &?0:
!tsumi -adakatsu Lome 0ffairs =un 2, &?0& =u( &@, &?0B
4odama GentarT Lome 0ffairs =u( &@, &?0B Dct &2, &?0B
4atsura -arT Lome 0ffairs Dct &2, &?0B "eb 20, &?04
Eoshika*a 0kimasa Lome 0ffairs "eb 20, &?04 Sep &:, &?0@
4iyoura 4eigo Lome 0ffairs Sep &:, &?0@ =an J, &?0:
4iyoura 4eigo =ustice =un 2, &?0& Sep 22, &?0B
Latano -akanao =ustice Sep 22, &?0B =an J, &?0:
Eamamoto GonnohyTe a)y =un 2, &?0& =an J, &?0:
4odama GentarT 6ar =un 2, &?0& <ar 2J, &?02
-erauchi <asatake 6ar <ar 2J, &?02 =an J, &?0:
Table 44 Katsua Ta's >ist Cabinet
4atsura -arT Prime <inister =u( &4, &?0> 0ug B0, &?&&
Sura 4anetake 0gricu(ture W Commerce =u( &4, &?0> <ar 2:, &?&0
4omatsubara PitarT 0gricu(ture W Commerce <ar 2>, &?&0 Sep B, &?&0
Sura 4anetake 0gricu(ture W Commerce Sep B, &?&0 0ug B0, &?&&
!4
:at*ura )ar0
Shibata 4amon Chief of Cabinet Secretariat =u( &4, &?0> 0ug B0, &?&&
Easuhiro /anGichirT Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau =u( &4, &?0> 0ug B0, &?&&
GotT Shinpei Communications =u( &4, &?0> 0ug B0, &?&&
4omatsubara PitarT Pducation =u( &4, &?0> 0ug B0, &?&&
4atsura -arT "inance =u( &4, &?0> 0ug B0, &?&&
-erauchi <asatake "oreign 0ffairs =u( &4, &?0> 0ug 2J, &?0>
4omura =XtarT "oreign 0ffairs 0ug 2J, &?0> 0ug B0, &?&&
Lirata -Tsuke Lome 0ffairs =u( &4, &?0> 0ug B0, &?&&
Dkabe agamoto =ustice =u( &4, &?0> 0ug B0, &?&&
SaitT <akoto a)y =u( &4, &?0> 0ug B0, &?&&
-erauchi <asatake 6ar =u( &4, &?0> 0ug B0, &?&&
Table 4"Katsua Ta's #econd Cabinet
4atsura -arT Prime <inister #ec 2&, &?&2 "eb 20, &?&B
akakT8i ;en 0gricu(ture W Commerce #ec 2&, &?&2 "eb 20, &?&B
Pgi -asuku Chief of Cabinet Secretariat #ec 2&, &?&2 "eb 20, &?&B
,chiki 4itokurT Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau #ec 2&, &?&2 "eb 20, &?&B
GotT Shinpei Communications #ec 2&, &?&2 "eb 20, &?&B
Shibata 4amon Pducation #ec 2&, &?&2 "eb 20, &?&B
6akatsuki ;ei8irT "inance #ec 2&, &?&2 "eb 20, &?&B
4atsura -arT "oreign 0ffairs #ec 2&, &?&2 =an 2?, &?&B
4atT -akaaki "oreign 0ffairs =an 2?, &?&B "eb 20, &?&B
Sura 4anetake Lome 0ffairs #ec 2&, &?&2 "eb 20, &?&B
<atsumuro ,taru =ustice #ec 2&, &?&2 "eb 20, &?&B
SaitT <akoto a)y #ec 2&, &?&2 "eb 20, &?&B
4igoshi Easutsuna 6ar #ec 2&, &?&2 "eb 20, &?&B
Table 4$Katsua Ta's Thid Cabinet
7atsu !intaro
see 4atsu 4aishu on page AAA'
7a)a%&i ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today a part of Ssaka Prefecture' 4a*achi bordered
on ,5umi, 4ii, Settsu, Eamashiro, and Eamato Pro)inces'
!5#
:awachi %ro&ince
see a(so3
Ssaka Prefecture 7pg' A9,
7a)a:i Tos&iyos&i
7a)a+ami Ha:ime
$i)ed &>J? to &?4:'
7a)amoto Daisa+u
7a)ana+a:ima. /attles of
/et*een &@@B and &@:B, -akeda Shingen and !esugi 4enshin fought each other
se)era( times in the 4a*anaka8ima area of northeastern Shinano' one of the
batt(es *as particu(ar(y decisi)e and according to Sansom
4
MsansomN&?:&O none
of the men in)o()ed sho*ed any signs of mi(itary genius, (eading Sansom to
conc(ude that Shingen and 4enshin *ere not entire(y deser)ing of their reputa-
tions'
see a(so3
-akeda Shingen 7pg' A9,
7a-an9tenn8
-he :@
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned ?>4 to ?>:'
7a-usa ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today a part of Chiba Prefecture' 4a5usa bordered
on 0*a and ShimTsa Pro)inces'
see a(so3
4 George Sansom, # History of Japan0 1223)1415, pg VV
!5!
:azu*a %ro&ince
Chiba Prefecture 7pg' A9,
ShimTsa Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
7eian
engT3 &:4>--&:@&'
7ei%&8
engT3 &@?:--&:&4'
7ei+89tenn8
-he &2
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned J& to &B0'
7ei8
engT3 &>:@--&>:J'
7eitai9tenn8
-he 2:
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned @0J to @B&'
7eiun
engT3 J04--J0J'
7emmu
engT3 &BB4--&BB@'
-his one needs some e.p(anation soon'
7emp8
engT3 &2&B--&2&>'
7en%&8
engT3 &24?--&2@@'
7en;ei
engT3 &20:--&20:'
!5"
:engen
7en'en
engT3 &B02--&B02'
7en:i
engT3 &2J@--&2JJ'
7en+y>
engT3 &&?0--&&?>'
7ennin
engT3 &20&--&20B'
7enro+uen
0 famous garden / park in 4ana5a*a, ,shika*a-ken' -he garden *as once part
of the <aeda fami(y (ands, situated near the cast(e' ,t is no* one of the three
most famous gardens in =apan and a ma8or tourist attraction'
see a(so3
4ana5a*a Cast(e 7pg' A9,
4ana5a*a City 7pg' A9,
<aeda "ami(y 7pg' A9,
7enrya+u
engT3 &2&&--&2&2'
7ensei+ai
7en
see Prefectures on page AAA'
7ento+u
engT3 &BJ0--&BJ&'
7en-89tenn8
-he 2B
rd
emperor of =apan'
;eigned 4>@ to 4>J'
7ido 78i%&i
$i)ed &> =u(y &>>? to : 0pri( &?JJ' Grandson of 4ido 4Tin'
!53
:i-o :0ichi
$ord Pri)y Sea( from &?40 to &?4@'
"irst 4onoe Pducation Dct 22, &?BJ <ay 2:, &?B>
"irst 4onoe 6e(fare =an &&, &?B> =an @, &?B?
Liranuma Lome 0ffairs =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
Table 4% Cabinet Positions Held by Kido Kichi
-ried as a C(ass K0G 6ar Crimina(' ;e(eased from his sentence of (ife imprison-
ment in &?@B for reasons of hea(th' /ut managed to hang on for another 24 years'
7ido 78in
aka 4ido -akayoshi and 4atsura 4ogorT'
$i)ed 2: =une &>BB to 2: <ay &>JJ' Grandfather of 4ido 4Tichi'
0cti)e in the <ei8i ;estoration' P(ayed a prominent ro(e in the abo(ition of the
han' 6as a member of the ,*akura <ission'
see a(so3
0bo(ition of the #omains 7pg' A9,
,*akura <ission 7pg' A9,
<ei8i ;estoration 7pg' A9,
7ido Ta+ayos&i
See 4ido 4Tin, on page AAA'
7ii ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today a part of <ie and 6akayama Prefectures' 4ii
bordered on ,se, ,5umi, 4a*achi, Shima, and Eamato Pro)inces'
see a(so3
,se Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4a*achi Pro)ince 7pg' A9, <ie Prefecture 7pg' A9, Shima
Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 6akayama Prefecture 7pg' A9, Eamato Pro)ince 7pg' A9
7i++a)a *oto&aru
$i)ed &@B0 to &@ o)' &@>:'
0 son of <Tri <otonari' 0dopted by 4ikka*a Dkitsune' <otoharu *as the fa-
ther of <otonaga 7his heir9, <otou8i, Liroie, and Liromasa'
!54
:oan
7oan
0 5en ridd(e used by some sects as a *ay of obtaining en(ightenment' 7-here has
to be a better *ay to *ord that'9 0 famous Png(ish e.amp(e is 16hat is the
sound of one hand c(appingV2
78an (02IA902AI$
engT3 &2J>--&2>J'
-he high(ight of this nengT *ou(d ha)e to be the mongo( in)asion of &2>&' See
<ongo( ,n)asions on page AA'
78an (0320990322$
engT of the orthern #ynasty3 &B:&--&B:2'
78an no "+i
-he =apanese name for the *ar against the <ongo( in)aders in &2>&' "or more
information, see <ongo( ,n)asions on page AA'
78an9tenno
-he :
th
emperor of =apan' ;eigned B?2 to 2?& /'C' 0s you might surmise from
the dates, a mytho(ogica( emperor'
7obaya+a)a Family
0 samurai fami(y descended from #oi Sanehira 7pg' A9' -hey ser)ed the <Tri
and gre* in inf(uence and po*er after <Tri <otonariGs 7pg' A9 son -akakage
*as adopted into the fami(y'
7obaya+a)a Hidea+i
$i)ed &@JJ 7&@>2V9 to &> Dct' &:02'
/orn the @
th
son of 4inoshita ,esada but *as adopted by Lideyoshi' ,n &@?2 he
*as adopted by 4obayaka*a -akakage and became his heir'
,n &@?J at age 20, Lideaki *as gi)en command of the in)asion of 4orea' -he
fighting in 4orea did not go *e(( and ,shida <itsunari denounced Lideaki, ca((ing
him incompetent' ,n the resu(ting friction bet*een Lideaki and Lideyoshi, -oku-
ga*a ,eyasu successfu((y acted as mediator to bring them together again'
0fter LideyoshiGs death, Lideaki *as courted by both ,shida <itsunari and
-okuga*a ,eyasu' 0(though Lideaki origina((y thought to side *ith ,eyasu, he
*as (ater persuaded to support LideyoshiGs heir Lideyori' Lo*e)er, at Sekigahara,
after hours of apparent indecision, Lideaki choose -okuga*a o)er ,shida and
he(ped gi)e the )ictory to ,eyasu'
see a(so3
!55
:obayakawa 4i-eaki
4inoshita ,esada 7pg' A9, -oyotomi Lideyoshi 7pg' A9, 4obayaka*a -akakage
7pg' A9, 4orea, ,n)asion of 7pg' A9, ,shida <itsunari 7pg' A9, -okuga*a ,eyasu
7pg' A9, -oyotomi Lideyori 7pg' A9, Sekigahara, /att(e of 7pg' A9
7obaya+a)a Hide+ane
$i)ed &@:: to &:0&'
-he ?
th
son of <Tri <otonari' !nc(ear e.act(y ho* he ended up a 4obayaka*a'
7obaya+a)a Ta+a+a'e
$i)ed &@B2 7&@BBV9 to &2 =une &@?J'
-he B
rd
son of <Tri <otonari, -akakage *as adopted by the 4obayaka*a fam-
i(y'
-akakage fought in many batt(es and he(d his o*n against e)en the armies of
Dda obunaga and Lideyoshi'
"ought in LideyoshiGs campaigns in 4orea'
-akakage had no chi(dren so in &@?2, Lideyoshi ga)e him his nephe* Lideaki
as adopted son'
see a(so3
<Tri <otonari 7pg' A9, Dda obunaga 7pg' A9, -oyotomi Lideyoshi 7pg' A9,
-oyotomi Lideaki 7pg' A9
7obayas&i I%&i-o
$i)ed &>JB to &?@J'
78be City
Capita( of LyTgo Prefecture 7pg AA9'
7obiyama Naoto
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
Su5uki 4' -ransport W Communications 0pr &&, &?4@ <ay &?, &?4@
Su5uki 4' -ransport <ay &?, &?4@ 0ug &J, &?4@
Ligashikuni -ransport 0ug &J, &?4@ Dct ?, &?4@
Table 4&Cabinet Positions Held by Kobiya.a Naoto
!56
:0bu 3attai
78bu Dattai
78bun9tenno
-he B?
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned :J& to :J2'
78%&i City
Capita( city of 4Tchi Prefecture'
78%&i refe%ture
0rea3 J,&04 km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 4Tchi
Popu(ation3 >B0,000 7&??:9
78%&8
engT3 &2:&--&2:B'
7odama Dentar8
$i)ed &>@2 to &?0:'
Cabinet ositions
4
th
,tT 6ar #ec 2B, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
&
st
4atsura 6ar =un 2, &?0& <ar 2J, &?02
&
st
4atsura Lome 0ffairs =u( &@, &?0B Dct &2, &?0B
&
st
4atsura Pducation =u( &J, &?0B Sep 22, 200B
Table 4*Cabinet Positions Held by Koda.a 8enta
7odama Hideo
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
-erauchi Chief of Cabinet Secretariat Dct ?, &?&: Sep 2?, &?&>
Dkada Co(oni5ation Dct 2@, &?B4 <ar ?, &?B:
Layashi Communications "eb &0, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
Eonai Lome 0ffairs =an &:, &?40 =u( 22, &?40
!57
:o-ama 4i-eo
4oiso State =u( 22, &?44 "eb &0, &?4@
4oiso Pducation =an 2:, &?4@ 0pr J, &?4@
Table "3Cabinet Positions Held by Koda.a Hideo
7odama 5os&io
/orn &?&&'
7odo&a
See 1,mperia( 6ay "action2 on page AA'
78ei
engT of the orthern #ynasty3 &B42--&B44'
78 Family
0 samurai fami(y that ser)ed the 0shikaga'
78fu City
Capita( city of Eamanashi Prefecture 7pg' A9'
7ofu+u:i
7ofu+u:i. /attle of
7ofun
-he 4ofun period 7ca' 0'#' 2@0-ca' :009 takes its name, *hich means 1o(d
tomb2 from the cu(tureGs rich funerary ritua(s and distincti)e earthen mounds'
-he mounds contained (arge stone buria( chambers, many of *hich *ere shaped
(ike keyho(es and some of *hich *ere surrounded by moats' /y the (ate 4ofun
period, the distincti)e buria( chambers, origina((y used by the ru(ing e(ite, a(so
*ere bui(t for commoners'
#uring the 4ofun period, a high(y aristocratic society *ith mi(itaristic ru(ers
de)e(oped' ,ts horse-riding *arriors *ore armor, carried s*ords and other
*eapons, and used ad)anced mi(itary methods (ike those of ortheast 0sia' P)i-
dence of these ad)ances is seen in funerary figures 7ca((ed hani*a+ (itera((y, c(ay
rings9, found in thousands of kofun scattered throughout =apan' -he most impor-
tant of the hani*a *ere found in southern Lonshu --- especia((y the 4inai region
around ara --- and northern 4yushu' Lani*a gra)e offerings *ere made in nu-
merous forms, such as horses, chickens, birds, fans, fish, houses, *eapons,
shie(ds, sunshades, pi((o*s, and ma(e and fema(e humans' 0nother funerary
!58
:o!un
piece, the magatama, became one of the symbo(s of the po*er of the imperia(
house'
-he 4ofun period *as a critica( stage in =apanGs e)o(ution to*ard a more cohe-
si)e and recogni5ed state' -his society *as most de)e(oped in the 4inai ;egion
and the easternmost part of the ,n(and Sea 7Seto aikai9, and its armies estab-
(ished a footho(d on the southern tip of 4orea' =apanGs ru(ers of the time e)en peti-
tioned the Chinese court for confirmation of roya( tit(es+ the Chinese, in turn, rec-
ogni5ed =apanese mi(itary contro( o)er parts of the 4orean peninsu(a'
-he Eamato po(ity, *hich emerged by the (ate fifth century, *as distinguished
by po*erfu( great c(ans or e.tended fami(ies, inc(uding their dependents' Pach
c(an *as headed by a patriarch *ho performed sacred rites to the c(anGs kami to
ensure the (ong-term *e(fare of the c(an' C(an members *ere the aristocracy, and
the king(y (ine that contro((ed the Eamato court *as at its pinnac(e'
<ore e.change occurred bet*een =apan and the continent of 0sia (ate in the
4ofun period' /uddhism *as introduced from 4orea, probab(y in 0'#' @B>, e.-
posing =apan to a ne* body of re(igious doctrine' -he Soga, a =apanese court fam-
i(y that rose to prominence *ith the accession of the Pmperor 4immei about 0'#'
@B&, fa)ored the adoption of /uddhism and of go)ernmenta( and cu(tura( mode(s
based on Chinese Confucianism' /ut some at the Eamato court --- such as the
akatomi fami(y, *hich *as responsib(e for performing Shinto ritua(s at court,
and the <ononobe, a mi(itary c(an --- *ere set on maintaining their prerogati)es
and resisted the a(ien re(igious inf(uence of /uddhism' -he Soga introduced Chi-
nese-mode(ed fisca( po(icies, estab(ished the first nationa( treasury, and consid-
ered the 4orean peninsu(a a trade route rather than an ob8ect of territoria( e.pan-
sion' 0crimony continued bet*een the Soga and the akatomi and <ononobe
c(ans for more than a century, during *hich the Soga temporari(y emerged ascen-
dant'
-he 4ofun period is seen as ending by around 0'#' :00, *hen the use of e(ab-
orate kofun by the Eamato and other e(ite fe(( out of use because of pre)ai(ing
ne* /uddhist be(iefs, *hich put greater emphasis on the transience of human (ife'
Commoners and the e(ite in out(ying regions, ho*e)er, continued to use kofun un-
ti( the (ate se)enth century, and simp(er but distincti)e tombs continued in use
throughout the fo((o*ing period'
-he Eamato state e)o()ed sti(( further during the 0suka period, *hich is
named after the 0suka region, south of modern ara, the site of numerous tempo-
rary imperia( capita(s estab(ished during the period' -he 0suka period is kno*n
for its significant artistic, socia(, and po(itica( transformations, *hich had their ori-
gins in the (ate 4ofun period'
Credits(
-he artic(e is origina((y based on materia(s from $ibrary of Congress3 Country
Study
Mo-i!ie- !rom the Aikipe-ia article a&ailable atC
!5
:o!un
httpCJJwww.wikipe-ia.orgJwJwiki.phtmlKtitleL:o!un
78'en
engT3 &2@:--&2@:'
78'en9tenn8
-he >
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned 2&4 to &@> /'C'
78'yo+u9tenno
0n empress' -he B@
th
ru(er of =apan'
;eigned :42 to :4@'
78&ei
engT3 &0@>--&0:4'
78&8
engT3 ?:4--?:J'
7oiso 7unia+i
$i)ed & 0pri( &>>0 to B o)' &?@0 7&?@@V9'
,ndicted as a c(ass G0G *ar crimina('
Cabinet ositions
Liranuma Co(oni5ation 0pr J, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
Eonai Co(oni5ation =an &:, &?40 =u( 22, &?40
4oiso Prime <inister =u( 22, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
Table "1Cabinet Positions Held by Koiso Kuniaki
Cabinet
4oiso 4uniaki Prime <inister =u( 22, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
Shimada -oshio 0gricu(ture W Commerce =u( 22, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
<iura 4unio Chief of Cabinet Secretariat =u( 22, &?44 =u( 2?, &?44
-anaka -akeo Chief of Cabinet Secretariat =u( 2?, &?44 "eb &0, &?4@
Lirose Lisatada Chief of Cabinet Secretariat "eb &0, &?4@ "eb 2&, &?4@
!6#
:oi*o :uniaki
,shi*ata STtarT Chief of Cabinet Secretariat "eb 2&, &?4@ 0pr J, &?4@
<iura 4unio Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau =u( 22, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
inomiya Larushige Pducation =u( 22, &?44 =an 2:, &?4@
4odama Lideo Pducation =an 2:, &?4@ 0pr J, &?4@
,shi*ata STtarT "inance =u( 22, &?44 "eb 2&, &?4@
-sushima =uichi "inance "eb 2&, &?4@ 0pr J, &?4@
Shigemitsu <amoru "oreign 0ffairs =u( 22, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
Sdachi Shigeo Lome 0ffairs =u( 22, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
Shigemitsu <amoru Greater Past 0sia =u( 22, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
<atsu5aka Liromasa =ustice =u( 22, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
"u8ihara Gin8irT <unitions =u( 22, &?44 #ec &?, &?44
Eoshida Shigeru <unitions #ec &?, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
Eonai <itsumasa a)y =u( 22, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
4odama Lideo State =u( 22, &?44 "eb &0, &?4@
Dgata -aketora State =u( 22, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
<achida ChX8i State =u( 22, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
4obayashi Sei5T State #ec &?, &?44 <ar &, &?4@
Lirose Lisatada State "eb &0, &?4@ "eb 2&, &?4@
,shi*ata STtarT State "eb 2&, &?4@ 0pr J, &?4@
<aeda Eone5T -ransport W Communications =u( 22, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
Sugiyama Gen 6ar =u( 22, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
Lirose Lisatada 6e(fare =u( 22, &?44 "eb &0, &?4@
0ika*a 4atsuroku 6e(fare "eb &0, &?4@ 0pr J, &?4@
Table "2Koiso Kuniaki's Cabinet
7oi-umi Cun;i%&ir8
Prime <inister from 2: 0pri( 200& to the present'
78:i (0032$
engT3 &&42--&&4B'
78:i (0111$
engT3 &@@@--&@@J'
78+a
engT3 &>44--&>4J'
!6!
:0kaku+tenno
78+a+u9tenno
-he &&?
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed &@ 0ug &JJ& to &? o) &>40'
;eigned 2@ o) &JJ? 7&J>0V9 to 22 <arch &>&J'
7o+a)adera
78+e
$itera((y 1Ligh "ami(ies,2 kTke *as the name gi)en to a group of specia( e.-
daimyT fami(ies during the -okuga*a period' -hese fami(ies he(d no (ands but
recei)ed a sma(( stipend from the Shogunate' -he system *as instituted in &:0>
7&:0BV9 and there *ere e)entua((y about 2: kTke fami(ies'
Se)era( duties / offices in the bakufu go)ernment *ere reser)ed for members
of these fami(ies'
Some of the kTke fami(ies *ere3
Famiy Page Famiy Page
Latakeyama ,maga*a
4ira Dda
Ssa*a Stomo
-akeda Eokose
Eura
Table "3Kke >a.ilies
0(so see Dmote-kTke, pg AA' /ut there is not current(y anything there'
78+en9tenn8
0n empress' -he 4:
th
ru(er of =apan'
$i)ed J&> to 4 0ug' JJ0'
;eigned 2 =u(y J4? to & 0ug' J@>'
0(so reigned ? Dct' J:4 to 4 0ug' JJ0 as ShTtoku-tennT 7pg' 2:49,the 4>
th
ru(er
of =apan'
78+89tenno
-he @>
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned >>4 to >>J'
!6"
:0koku
78+o+u
engT3 &B40--&B4@'
7o+u
0 unit of )o(ume, eHua( to rough(y &>0 (iters' -his *as theoretica((y enough rice
for one man for one year'
$and *as c(assified by ho* many koku of rice it cou(d produce' -hus daimyT
cou(d be ranked based on ho* many koku the (ands they contro((ed cou(d pro-
duce' -his in turn a((o*ed (eaders (ike -oyotomi Lideyoshi and -okuga*a ,eyasu
to punish or re*ard their fo((o*ers by mo)ing them to fiefs that produced more or
(ess rice'
-o Hua(ify as a daimyT, a man had to contro( (ands producing at (east &0,000
koku' <any daimyT had 8ust that *hi(e a fe* 7(ike the -okuga*a and the <aeda9
contro((ed hundreds of thousands of koku'
Lideyoshi instituted a nation*ide and )ery thorough program of (and c(assifi-
cation in the &@>0s and &@?0s' 7check dates9
7o+umin Domei
7o+ury>+ai
78mei9tenno
-he &2&
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed &4 =une &>B& to 2@ #ec &>::'
;eigned &B "eb &>4: 7&>4JV9 to 2@ #ec &>::'
78 *oroa+i
Son of 4T <oronao'
78 *orofuyu
Son of 4T <oroshige'
78 *oromo%&i
78 *oronao
#ied in &B@&'
!63
:0 Moronao
Ser)ed 0shikaga -akau8i 7pg AA9 for many years' "ought and *on se)era( bat-
t(es, but (ost to 0shikaga -adayoshi 7pg AA9 in &@B& and *as ki((ed trying to get
a*ay'
78 *oronatsu
Son of 4T <oronao'
78 *oros&i'e
"ather of <oronao, <oroshige, <oroyasu, and <oromochi'
78 *oroyasu
0ssassinated in &B@&'
78 *oroyo
Son of 4T <oroyasu'
#ied *ith his father in &B@&'
78no To'ama
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
&
st
<atsukata 0gricu(ture W Commerce <ar &4, &>?2 =u( &4, &>?2
&
st
<atsukata =ustice =un 2B, &>?2 0ug >, &>?2
&
st
<atsukata Lome 0ffairs =u( &4, &>?2 0ug >, &>?2
Table "4Cabinet Positions Held by Kno To,a.a
7omura C>tar8
$i)ed &>@@ to &?&&'
Cabinet ositions
&
st
4atsura "oreign 0ffairs Sep 2&, &?0& =u( B, &?0@
&
st
4atsura "oreign 0ffairs =an 2, &?0@ =an J, &?0@
&
st
4atsura "oreign 0ffairs Dct &>, &?0@ o) 4, &?0@
2
nd
4atsura "oreign 0ffairs 0ug 2J, &?0> 0ug B0, &?&&
Table ""Cabinet Positions Held by Ko.ua 6<ta
!64
:0nin+tenno
78nin9tenno
-he 4?
th
emperor of =apan' ;eigned JJ0 to J>&'
78nin
engT3 >&0-->2B'
7ono /in+en
see 4ono -ogama on page AA'
7ono Hirona+a
$i)ed &>4? to &?2B'
7ono To'ama
aka 4ono /inken'
$i)ed &>44 to &>?@'
7onoe Fumimaro
$i)ed &2 Dct &>?& to &: #ec &?4@'
/e(ie)ing he *as going to be arrested as a *ar crimina(, "umimaro committed
suicide in &?4@'
Cabinet ositions
&
st
4onoe Prime <inister =un 4, &?BJ =an @, &?B?
&
st
4onoe Co(oni5ation Sep B0, &?B> Dct 2?, &?B>
&
st
4onoe "oreign 0ffairs Sep B0, &?B> Dct 2?, &?B>
Liranuma Lanretsu =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
2
nd
4onoe 0gricu(ture W "orestry =u( 22, &?40 =u( 24, &?40
2
nd
4onoe Prime <inister =u( 22, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
B
rd
4onoe =ustice =u( &>, &?4& =u( 2@, &?4&
B
rd
4onoe Prime <inister =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
Ligashikuni State 0ug &J, &?4@ Dct ?, &?4@
Table "$Cabinet Positions Held by Konoe >u.i.ao
First Cabinet
4onoe "umimaro Prime <inister =un 4, &?BJ =an @, &?B?
!65
:onoe Fumimaro
0rima Eoriyasu 0gricu(ture W "orestry =un 4, &?BJ =an @, &?B?
4a5ami 0kira Chief of Cabinet Secretariat =un 4, &?BJ =an @, &?B?
"unada aka Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau Dct 2@, &?BJ =an @, &?B?
-aki <asao Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau =un 4, &?BJ Dct 2@, &?BJ
!gaki 4a5ushige Co(oni5ation =un 2@, &?B> Sep B0, &?B>
4onoe "umimaro Co(oni5ation Sep B0, &?B> Dct 2?, &?B>
Latta Eoshiaki Co(oni5ation Dct 2?, &?B> =an @, &?B?
,keda Shigeaki Commerce W ,ndustry <ay 2:, &?B> =an @, &?B?
Eoshino Shin8i Commerce W ,ndustry =un 4, &?BJ <ay 2:, &?B>
agai ;yXtarT Communications =un 4, &?BJ =an @, &?B?
Easui Pi8i Pducation =un 4, &?BJ Dct 22, &?BJ
4ido 4Tichi Pducation Dct 22, &?BJ <ay 2:, &?B>
0raki Sadao Pducation <ay 2:, &?B> =an @, &?B?
,keda Shigeaki "inance <ay 2:, &?B> =an @, &?B?
4aya Dkinori "inance =un 4, &?BJ <ay 2:, &?B>
!gaki 4a5ushige "oreign 0ffairs <ay 2:, &?B> Sep B0, &?B>
4onoe "umimaro "oreign 0ffairs Sep B0, &?B> Dct 2?, &?B>
0rita LachirT "oreign 0ffairs Dct 2?, &?B> =an @, &?B?
Lirota 4Tki "oreign 0ffairs =un 4, &?BJ <ay 2:, &?B>
/aba Piichi Lome 0ffairs =un 4, &?BJ #ec &4, &?BJ
Suetsugu obumasa Lome 0ffairs #ec &4, &?BJ =an @, &?B?
4ido 4Tichi 6e(fare =an &&, &?B> =an @, &?B?
aka8ima Chikuhei ;ai(*ays =un 4, &?BJ =an @, &?B?
Stani SonyX Co(oni5ation =un 4, &?BJ =un 2@, &?B>
Shiono Suehiko =ustice =un 4, &?BJ =an @, &?B?
Eonai <itsumasa a)y =un 4, &?BJ =an @, &?B?
Sugiyama Gen 6ar =un 4, &?BJ =un B, &?B>
,tagaki SeishirT 6ar =un B, &?B> =an @, &?B?
Table "%Konoe >u.i.ao's >ist Cabinet
#e%ond Cabinet
4onoe "umimaro Prime <inister =u( 22, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
,no -etsuya 0gricu(ture W "orestry =un &&, &?4& =u( &>, &?4&
,shiguro -adaatsu 0gricu(ture W "orestry =u( 24, &?40 =un &&, &?4&
!66
:onoe Fumimaro
4onoe "umimaro 0gricu(ture W "orestry =u( 22, &?40 =u( 24, &?40
-omita 4en8i Chief of Cabinet Secretariat =u( 22, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
<urase aokai Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau =u( 22, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
0kita 4iyoshi Co(oni5ation Sep 2>, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
<atsuoka ETsuke Co(oni5ation =u( 22, &?40 Sep 2>, &?40
4obayashi ,chi5T Commerce 0# ,ndustry =u( 22, &?40 0pr 4, &?4&
-oyoda -ei8irT Commerce W ,ndustry 0pr 4, &?4& =u( &>, &?4&
<urata ShT5T Communications =u( 22, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
Lashida 4unihiko Pducation =u( 22, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
4a*ada ,sao "inance =u( 22, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
<atsuoka ETsuke "oreign 0ffairs =u( 22, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
Loshino aoki Lanretsu =u( 22, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
Liranuma 4iichirT Lome 0ffairs #ec 2&, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
Easui Pi8i Lome 0ffairs =u( 22, &?40 #ec 2&, &?40
4a5ami 0kira =ustice =u( 22, &?40 #ec 2&, &?40
Eanaga*a Leisuke =ustice #ec 2&, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
Liranuma 4iichirT <inister of State #ec :, &?40 #ec 2&, &?40
Loshino aoki <inister of State #ec :, &?40 0pr 4, &?4&
Dgura <asatsune <inister of State 0pr 2, &?4& =u( &>, &?4&
Su5uki -eiichi <inister of State 0pr 4, &?4& =u( &>, &?4&
Dika*a 4oshirT a)y Sep @, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
Eoshida Rengo a)y =u( 22, &?40 Sep @, &?40
<urata ShT5T ;ai(*ays =u( 22, &?40 Sep 2>, &?40
Dga*a GTtarT ;ai(*ays Sep 2>, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
-T8T Lideki 6ar =u( 22, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
Easui Pi8i 6e(fare =u( 22, &?40 Sep 2>, &?40
4anemitsu -suneo 6e(fare Sep 2>, &?40 =u( &>, &?4&
Table "&Konoe >u.i.ao's #econd Cabinet
T&ird Cabinet
4onoe "umimaro Prime <inister =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
,no -etsuya 0gricu(ture W "orestry =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
-omita 4en8i Chief of Cabinet Secretariat =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
<urase aokai Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
!67
:onoe Fumimaro
-oyoda -ei8irT Co(oni5ation =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
Sakon8i <asa5T Commerce W ,ndustry =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
<urata ShT5T Communications =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
Lashida 4unihiko Pducation =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
Dgura <asatsune "inance =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
-oyoda -ei8irT "oreign 0ffairs =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
-anabe Larumichi Lome 0ffairs =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
,*amura <ichiyo =ustice =u( 2@, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
4onoe "umimaro =ustice =u( &>, &?4& =u( 2@, &?4&
Liranuma 4iichirT <inister of State =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
Su5uki -eiichi <inister of State =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
Eanaga*a Leisuke <inister of State =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
Dika*a 4oshirT a)y =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
<urata ShT5T ;ai(*ays =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
-T8T Lideki 6ar =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
4oi5umi Chikahiko 6e(fare =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4&
Table "*Konoe >u.i.ao's Thid Cabinet
7onoe9tenno
-he J:
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed &> <ay &&B? to 2B =u(y &&@@
;eigned J #ec &&4& to 2B =u(y &&@@'
788
engT of the orthern #ynasty3 &B>?--&B>?'
7orea. In4asion of
*hich oneV
7orea. rote%torate of
78rei9tenno
-he J
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned 2?0 to 2&@ /'C'
!68
:oreya*u
7oreyasu
7oriyama. #ei'e
-ook p(ace in &@40--&@4&'
0mako Laruhisa, *ith B,000 men, attacked 4oriyama Cast(e, *hich be(onged to
<Tri <otonari and *as defended by >,000 men' 6hen <Tri sent an army to re-
(ie)e the seige, 0mako *as forced to (ea)e'
see a(so3
0mako Laruhisa 7pg' A9, <Tri <otonari 7pg' A9
78rya+u
engT of the orthern #ynasty3 &BJ?--&B>0'
78s&8
engT3 &4@@--&4@:'
78s&89tenno
-he @
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned 4J@ to B?B /'C'
7otoamatsu+ami
,n =apanese Shintoism, 4otoamatsukami is the co((ecti)e name for the first po*-
ers *hich came into e.istence at the time of the creation of the uni)erse' -hey
*ere born in -akamagahara, the *or(d of Lea)en at the time of the creation, as
0menominakanushi 7Sky9, -akamimusubi 7Ligh Producer9, 4amimusubi 7#i-
)ine Producer9, and a bit (ater !mashiashikabihiko8i 7;eed9 and 0menotokotachi
7Lea)en9'
-hese forces then became gods and goddesses, the ten5ai shoshin 7hea)en(y
kami93
0me no minakanushi no kami
-akami-musubi no Tkami
4amimusubi no Tkami
!mashiashikabihiko8i no kami
0me no -okotachi no kami
4uni no -okotachi no kami
-oyokumono no kami
!6
:otoamat*ukami
!hi8ini no mikoto
Suhi8ini no kami
-sunokuhi no kami
,kukuhi no kami
Stono8i no kami
Stonobe no kami
Dmodaru no kami
4ashikone no kami
,5anagi no kami
,5anami no kami
0materasu Tmikami'
httpCJJwww.wikipe-ia.orgJwJwiki.phtmlKtitleL:otoamat*ukami
78to+u9tenno
-he B:
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed @?:7V9 to &0 Dct :@4'
;eigned &4 =une :4@ to &0 Dct :@4'
78to+u
engT3 &4@2--&4@4'
0(so 4yTtoku' See that entry on page AA for more information'
78to+u #&>sui
Socia(ist and 0narchist'
/orn in 4Tchi Prefecture'
$i)ed &>J& to &?&&'
#ee Also
0narchism 7pg 249, ;ed "(ag ,ncident 7pg 2B>9,
78)a (00BB$
engT3 &0??--&&0B'
!7#
:0wa ("'2")
78)a (03A0$
engT3 &B>&Z&B>B'
7o)ale)s+i. Can
$i)ed VV
Sometimes 14o*a(efsky, =an2
Po(ish crypto(ogica( e.pert *ho came to =apan in September of &?24 7=anuary
&?2B according to MkahnN2004O9 to he(p the =apanese army impro)e its codes and
codebreaking ski((s' #a)id 4ahn describes 4o*a(e*ski as 1a ta((ish, broad, hand-
some man, *ith a *onderfu( sense of humor and great inte((ectua( intuition2
7MkahnN2004O, pg >:9'
0fter teaching a three month seminar for se(ected officers, 4o*a(e*ski re-
turned to Po(and' "our of his =apanese students *ent *ith him to gain practica(
e.perience *ith the Po(ish mi(itary crytana(ysts in 6arsa*' -hese students re-
turned to =apan a year (ater and others *ere sent to 6arsa* to rep(ace them' -his
e.change program of sorts supposed(y (asted unti( &?B>'
!nfortunate(y, there does not seem to be anything a)ai(ab(e in Png(ish to con-
firm the abo)e' <ost of the information is from MhiyamaN&??4O, in *hich Liyama
Eoshiaki discusses 4o*a(e*skiGs ro(e in =apanese crypto(ogica( history' Liyama
pro)ides no sources for his information' Dther recent =apanese books on crypto(o-
gy, such as Mtakaga*aN200BO, present a(most no significant ne* information'
4ahn does not mention 4o*a(e*skiGs students )isiting Po(and at a(( and
MkahnN2004O 7pg >J9 says that 4o*a(e*ski on(y taught four =apanese students'
MkahnN2004O pages >:->J, a(though some of the data does not match that in
=apanese (anguage sources (ike
#ee Also
78y8 Dun+an
78-u+e ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today Gunma Prefecture' 4T5uke bordered on
Pchigo, ,*ashiro, <usashi, Shimotsuke, and Shinano Pro)inces'
see a(so3
Pchigo Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Gumma Prefecture 7pg' A9, ,*ashiro Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
<usashi Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Shimotsuke Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Shinano Pro)ince 7pg'
A9
!7!
:0zuki, 1eige o!
78-u+i. #ei'e of
4T5uki Cast(e sits at an e(e)ation of &?B meters abo)e sea (e)e( atop <t' 4o8in
in the to*n of 4T5uki, in *estern LyTgo Prefecture' #uring the 6arring States
Period, the cast(e sat at the intersection of three domains3 /i5en, Larima and <i-
masaka' ,t a(so stood *atch o)er the on(y ma8or trade route connecting (ands to
the *est *ith those to the east' -hese t*o factors made 4T5uki Cast(e a )ery
)a(uab(e piece of property for any *ho *ished to gain dominance in the region'
"or the armies of Dda obunaga to push *est to Liroshima, 4T5uki Cast(e had
to be captured' "or <ori to push east into DdaGs domain, he had to keep contro(
of 4T5uki Cast(e' ,t *as these t*o great po*ers of the day, Dda and <ori, *hich
sent tens of thousands to fight and die for contro( of 4T5uki Cast(e'
-he 1Siege2 of 4T5uki Cast(e is a misnomer, as the cast(e *as the site of suc-
cessi)e sieges and attacks o)er a t*o-year period C &@JJ to &@J>'
,n the year &@JJ, the (ord *ho contro((ed 4T5uki Cast(e for the <ori *as
named 0kamatsu <asanori' -hat year sa* the first massi)e in)asion of DdaGs
armies into the region, under the (eadership of Lideyoshi Lashiba 7*ho *ou(d (at-
er take the name by *hich he is *e(( kno*n today C Lideyoshi -oyotomi9'
Lideyoshi (ed an army numbering from thirty to forty thousand so(diers in an
assau(t on the region' -he )ast ma8ority of (oca( (ords, facing insurmountab(e
odds, Huick(y s*ore a((egiance to Dda and so ma8or batt(es in the region *ere
some*hat rare' -hen Lideyoshi brought the armies of Dda to 4T5uki, *here 0ka-
matsu <asanori faced the cha((enge of Lideyoshi *ith a refusa( to deny <ori as
his master' 0nd so the batt(e *as 8oined'
0fter the death of thousands of his o*n, 0kamatsu must ha)e rea(i5ed that de-
feat *as imminent' ,n #ecember of &@JJ, 0kamatsu <asanori and his (ieutenants
committed ritua( suicide *ithin the *a((s of the cast(e, and Lideyoshi c(aimed )ic-
tory in the name of Dda obunaga'
@
0fter LideyoshiGs )ictory, the genera( p(aced the (ord, 0mago 4atsuhisa, in the
cast(e' ,t *as not 0mago, but 0magoGs top retainer, Eamanaka Shikanosuke, *ho
gained fame in the siege of &@J>' ,n that year, <ori sent an army of appro.imate-
(y thirty thousand into the region, to take back contro( of 4T5uki Cast(e, through
*hich he *ou(d regain contro( of the region'
,n Dctober of that year, the <ori army surrounded 4T5uki Cast(e and began
the attack' 0mago 4atsuhisa had, at most, one thousand men in his army to de-
fend the cast(e'
:
@ Lideyoshi Lashiba became infamous for his use of terror tactics to maintain contro( o)er pop-
u(ations and to punish those *ho dared to oppose him' -o punish 0kamatsu and his fo((o*ers,
Lideyoshi searched out and found the *i)es and chi(dren of the so(diers defending the cast(e'
Le then crucified a(( of them, as an ob8ect (esson to his opponents'
: ote3 =apanese history te.tbooks ha)e it that 0mago defended the cast(e *ith fi)e thousand
men, but the physica( si5e of the cast(e and the mountain itse(f Huick(y discredit this c(aim as
an impossibi(ity'
!7"
:0zuki, 1eige o!
6hi(e 4T5uki Cast(e *as under siege by the army of <ori, Lideyoshi himse(f
returned *ith ten thousand so(diers to aid 0mago in his defense of the cast(e'
Lideyoshi sent a reHuest to Dda obunaga for more so(diers to aid in the defense'
DdaGs rep(y condemned the defenders of the cast(e to their deaths'
0t that time, Dda obunaga had prob(ems further east C at <iki Cast(e 7(ocated
in present day eastern Lyogo Prefecture9' Lideyoshi *as sent no troops' ;ather,
Lideyoshi and his army of ten thousand *ere reca((ed to aid in DdaGs assau(t on
<iki Cast(e' Lideyoshi and his men *ere (itera((y *ithin three mi(es of 4T5uki
Cast(e *hen they *ere reca((ed'
-he 0mago forces repe((ed attack after attack, but their numbers *ere being re-
duced steadi(y *ith each assau(t and a <ori )ictory *as 8ust a matter of time'
6ithout his (ordGs permission, Eamanaka Shikanosuke met in secret *ith the
(eaders of the attacking <ori army and made them an offer' ,n e.change for the
safety of 0magoGs retainers, Eamanaka and the defenders of 4T5uki Cast(e *ou(d
surrender' Lis offer *as accepted' Eamanaka Shikanosuke surrendered *ith *hat
*as (eft of 0mago 4atsuhisaGs army' 0s promised, those *ho surrendered *ere
kept a(i)e and changed their a((egiance to side *ith <ori'
0mago 4atsuhisa committed ritua( suicide *ithin the cast(e *a((s' -he bargain
Eamanaka Shikanosuke had made *ith the <ori did not app(y to himse(f'
Eamanaka Shikanosuke *as taken prisoner and taken into the *est' -here he
*as e.ecuted in a dishonorab(e fashion C being cut do*n from behind' Dne theory
suggests that Eamanaka struck a bargain *ith the <ori in an attempt to sa)e his
o*n (ife' 0nother suggests that he sacrificed himse(f for the sake of his men' -he
finer detai(s of the secret meeting *ere ne)er recorded and it is impossib(e to
kno* EamanakaGs true moti)es'
by Carl F. :elley
Contribute- ,ecember <==<
see a(so3
0mago 70mako9 4atsuhisa 7pg' A9, -oyotomi 7Lashiba9 Lideyoshi 7pg' A9,
4obayaka*a -akakage 7pg' A9, 4ikka*a <otoharu 7pg' A9
7todo3 inde. this entry9
7u+ai
$i)ed JJ4 to >B@'
7u+i 5os&ita+a
7umamoto National arty
7umamoto refe%ture
0rea3 J,40B km
2
7&??@9
!73
:umamoto %re!ecture
Capita(3 4umamoto
Popu(ation3 &,>J0,000 7&??:9
7uno&e *asa-ane
$i)ed
7uroda 7iyota+a
$i)ed &: Dct' &>40 to 2B 0ug' &?00'
Prime <inister from B0 0pri( &>>> to 24 #ecember &>>?'
Cabinet ositions
&
st
,tT 0gricu(ture W Commerce Sep &:, &>>J 0pr B0, &>>>
4uroda Prime <inister 0pr B0, &>>> #ec 24, &>>?
2
nd
,tT Lanretsu <ar &J, &>?@ Sep &>, &>?:
Table $3Cabinet Positions Held by Kuoda Kiyotaka
Cabinet
4uroda 4iyotaka Prime <inister 0pr B0, &>>> #ec 24, &>>?
Pnomoto -akeaki 0gricu(ture W Commerce 0pr B0, &>>> =u( 2@, &>>?
4omaki /anchT Chief of Cabinet Secretariat 0pr B0, &>>> #ec 24, &>>?
,noue 4o*ashi Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 0pr B0, &>>> #ec 24, &>>?
Pnomoto -akeaki Communications 0pr B0, &>>> <ar 22, &>>?
GotT ShT8irT Communications <ar 22, &>>? #ec 24, &>>?
<ori 0rinori Pducation 0pr B0, &>>> "eb &2, &>>?
Syama ,*ao Pducation "eb &:, &>>? <ar 22, &>>?
Pnomoto -akeaki Pducation <ar 22, &>>? #ec 24, &>>?
<atsukata <asayoshi "inance 0pr B0, &>>> #ec 24, &>>?
Skuma Shigenobu "oreign 0ffairs 0pr B0, &>>> #ec 24, &>>?
,tT Lirobumi Lanretsu 0pr B0, &>>> #ec 24, &>>?
Eamagata 0ritomo Lome 0ffairs 0pr B0, &>>> #ec B, &>>>
<atsukata <asayoshi Lome 0ffairs #ec B, &>>> Dct B, &>>?
Eamagata 0ritomo Lome 0ffairs Dct B, &>>? #ec 24, &>>?
Eamada 0kiyoshi =ustice 0pr B0, &>>> #ec 24, &>>?
SaigT -sugumichi a)y 0pr B0, &>>> #ec 24, &>>?
!74
:uro-a :iyotaka
Syama ,*ao 6ar 0pr B0, &>>> #ec 24, &>>?
Table $1Kuoda Kiyotaka's Cabinet
7uroda Na'amasa
$i)ed B #ec' &@:> to 4 0ug' &:2B'
Son of 4uroda Eoshitaka' "ought for -oyotomi Lideyoshi in 4yXshX and 4o-
rea' Sided *ith -okuga*a ,eyasu at the /att(e of Sekigahara and again at the
Seige of Ssaka'
6as gi)en a8ima 7@20,000 koku9 in Chiku5en after Sekigahara' Pre)ious(y he
had he(d akatsu 7&20,000 koku9 in /u5en'
see a(so3
/u5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Chiku5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4orea, ,n)asion of 7pg' A9,
4yXshX 7pg' A9, Ssaka, Seige of 7pg' A9, Sekigahara, /att(e of 7pg' A9, -oku-
ga*a ,eyasu 7pg' A9, -oyotomi Lideyoshi 7pg' A9,
7uroi)a !ui+o
$i)ed &>:2 to &?20'
7urosa)a A+ira
$i)ed 2B <arch &?&0 to : Sept' &??>
Dne of =apanGs most famous directors, many famous 0merican and Puropean di-
rectors ha)e paid homage to 4urosa*a' Lis *orks inc(ude Se)en Samurai,
;ashTmon, ;an, Ligh and $o*, and many others'
<ifune -oshiro appeared in many of 4urosa*aGs fi(ms'
todo3 add dates, more fi(ms, and the 8apanese tit(es' a(so (ist the a*ards he *on
*ith dates'
7urusu Ta+eo
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
4atayama "inance =un 2@, &?4J <ar &0, &?4>
0shida State3 #irector of Pconomic Stabi(i5a-
tion /oard W #irector of Price /oard <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
0shida State3 #irector of Centra( Pconomic ,n-
)estigation 0gency 0ug &, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
!75
:uru*u )akeo
Table $2Cabinet Positions Held by Kuusu Takeo
7uru-uryu'a)a. /attle of
7usuno+i *asas&i'e
$i)ed &2?4 to &BB:'
7y8'o+u Ta+atsu'u
$i)ed &@:0 to &:0?'
Samurai' Christian'
"ought for Dda obunaga'
;ecei)ed Stsu 7:0,000 koku9 in Smi from Lideyoshi 7*hat yearV9'
Side *ith the -okuga*a 7*henV9 and *as attacked at his cast(e by -achibana
<uneshige and -sukushi Lirokado' 7#etai(sV9
6as gi)en Dbama 7?2,000 koku9 in 6akasa in &:00'
/aptised in &:02'
see a(so3
Dda obunaga 7pg' A9, Smi Pro)ince 7pg' A9, -achibana <uneshige 7pg' A9,
-okuga*a "ami(y 7pg' A9, -oyotomi Lideyoshi 7pg' A9, -sukushi Lirokado 7pg'
A9, 6akasa Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
7y8&8
engT3 &J&:--&JB@'
7yo+utei /a+in
See /akin on page AA'
7y8ro+u
engT3 &@2>--&@B&'
7y8to City
-he capita( of 4yTto Prefecture'
7y8to refe%ture
ot technica((y a ken but rather a fu'
0rea3 4,:&2 km
2
7&??@9
!76
:y0to %re!ecture
Capita(3 4yTto
Popu(ation3 2,@@0,000 7&??:9
7y8to+u
engT3 &4@2--&4@4'
aka 4Ttoku'
7y8)a
engT3 &>0&--&>0B'
7y>an
engT3 &&4@--&&@0'
7y>:u
engT3 &&@4--&&@@'
7y>s&>
Dne of the four main is(ands of =apan' Df the four, 4yXXshX is the farthest South
and 6est' ,t is thus re(ati)e(y c(ose to both China and 4orea' Listorica((y,
4yXshX has had more freedom from the centra( go)ernment than other areas of
the main is(ands ha)e had 7*ith the notab(e e.ception of LokkaidT9'
see a(so3
LokkaidT, LonshX, Shikoku
7y>s&> Campai'n
!77
.an*ing, ;obert .ytton
Eansin'. !obert , Eytton
Eansin'. !obert
Ei Hun'9%&an'
Eobano4
Eytton
*a%Art&ur. Dou'las , *utsu ro4in%e
*a%Art&ur. Dou'las
$i)ed &>>0 to &?:4'
*a%&ida C&>:i
$i)ed &>:B to &?4:'
&st 6akatsuki 0gricu(ture W "orestry =un B, &?2: 0pr 20, &?2J
Lamaguchi 0gricu(ture W "orestry =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
2
nd
6akatsuki 0gricu(ture W "orestry 0pr &4, &?B& #ec &B, &?B&
Dkada Commerce W ,ndustry =u( >, &?B4 <ar ?, &?B:
Dkada "inance "eb 2J, &?B: <ar ?, &?B:
4oiso State =u( 22, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
Table $3Cabinet Positions Held by ?achida Ch<9i
*aebara Issei
$i)ed &>B4 to &>J:'
*aebas&i City
Capita( of Gunma Prefecture 7pg' A9
*aeda Family
0 daimyT fami(y from D*ari *ho *ere descended from Suga*ara no <ichi5ane
7pg' A9'
*aeda *itsumasa
$i)ed &:&B to &:4@'
!78
Mae-a Mit*uma*a
Son of <aeda -oshitsune 7pg' A9'
*aeda Tos&i&aru
$i)ed &:&> to &::0'
Son of <aeda -oshitsune 7pg' A9'
*aeda Tos&iie
$i)ed &@B? 7&@B>V9 to &@??'
"ought for Dda obunaga 7pg AAA9'
0ssisted Lideyoshi *ith the in)asion of 4orea, from =apan'
6as one of the fi)e daimyT Lideyoshi appointed to ru(e *hi(e his son *as a mi-
nor' -oshiie tried to curb the po*er of the -okuga*a, but died before Sekiga-
hara'
*aeda Tos&imasa
aka <aeda -akamasa
Son of -oshiie'
6as the daimyT of oto 72&@,000 koku9 but supported Lideyori at Sekigahara'
"or this he *as forced to retire and his (ands *ent to his brother <aeda -oshina-
ga'
*aeda Tos&ina'a
$i)ed &@:2 to &:&4'
P(dest son of <aeda -oshiie' <arried one of -okuga*a ,eyasuGs daughters'
Supported ,eyasu and after recei)ing his brother -oshimasaGs (ands 7oto,
2&@,000 koku9 contro((ed a tota( of &,2@0,000 koku, an amount e.ceeded on(y by
the Shogunate' -oshinaga bui(t and resided in 4ana5a*a Cast(e'
Lad no chi(dren and adopted his brother -oshitsune as his heir'
*aeda Tos&itsu'i
*aeda Tos&itsune
$i)ed &@?B to &:@>'
/rother to <aeda -oshinaga' 0dopted as his heir, becoming the *ea(thest
daimyT outside of the -okuga*a' Le contro((ed Ptchu, 4aga, and oto'
!7
Mae-a 5onez0
*aeda 5one-8
$i)ed
-anaka G' Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 0pr 20, &?2J =u( 2, &?2?
,nukai 7datesV9 Commerce W ,ndustry #ec &B, &?B& <ay 2:, &?B2
Lirota ;ai(*ays <ar ?, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
Liranuma ;ai(*ays =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
4oiso -ransport W Communications =u( 22, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
Table $4Cabinet Positions Held by ?aeda @onez
*ae:ima Hiso+a
$i)ed &>B@ to &?&?'
*aibara City
*a+ino Nobua+i
$i)ed &>:& to &?4?'
&
st
Saion8i Pducation <ar 2J, &?0: =u( &4, &?0>
2
nd
Saion8i 0gricu(ture W Commerce 0ug B0, &?&& #ec 2&, &?&2
&
st
Eamamoto "oreign 0ffairs "eb 20, &?&B 0pr &:, &?&4
Table $"Cabinet Positions Held by ?akino Nobuaki
*an%&urian In%ident
*an%&urian !ail)ay Company
*an;en
engT3 &>:0--&>:0'
*an:i
engT3 &:@>--&::0'
*an:u
engT3 &024--&02J'
!8#
Marco %olo ri-ge 8nci-ent
*ar%o olo /rid'e In%ident
*arune. #ei'e of
-ook p(ace in &@:0'
7-okuga*aV <atsudaira <otoyasuV9 took the cast(e from Sakuma <orishige, a
)assa( of Dda obunaga'
see a(so3
*asuda Ta+as&i
$i)ed &>4> to &?B>'
*atsudaira 7a'etada
*atsudaira 7oremasu
*atsudaira *otoyasu
*atsudaira #adanobu
$i)ed 2J #ec' &J@> 7&J@?V9 to &B <ay &>2?'
*atsuda *asa&isa
$i)ed &>4@ to &?&4'
&
st
Skuma "inance =un B0, &>?> o) >, &>?>
4
th
,tT Pducation Dct &?, &?00 =un 2, &?0&
&
st
Saion8i =ustice =an J, &?0: <ar 2@, &?0>
&
st
Saion8i "inance =an &4, &?0> =u( &4, &?0>
2
nd
Saion8i =ustice 0ug B0, &?&& #ec 2&, &?&2
&
st
Eamamoto =ustice "eb 20, &?&B o) &&, &?&B
Table $$Cabinet Positions Held by ?atsuda ?asahisa
*atsue City
Capita( of Shimane Prefecture 7pg' A9'
!8!
Mat*ukata Ma*ayo*hi
*atsu+ata *asayos&i
$i)ed &>B@ to &?2?'
Prime <inister from : <ay &>?& to > 0ugust &>?2 and &> September &>?: to &2
=anuary &>?>'
Cabinet ositions
&st ,tT "inance #ec 22, &>>@ 0pr B0, &>>>
4urota "inance 0pr B0, &>>> #ec 24, &>>?
4urota Lome 0ffairs #ec B, &>>> Dct B, &>>?
&st Eamagata "inance #ec 24, &>>? <ay :, &>?&
&st <atsukata "inance <ay :, &>?& 0ug >, &>?2
&st <atsukata Prime <inister <ay :, &>?& 0ug >, &>?2
&st <atsukata Lome 0ffairs =un >, &>?2 =u( &4, &>?2
2
nd
,tT "inance <ar &J, &>?@ 0ug 2J, &>?@
2
nd
<atsukata "inance Sep &>, &>?: =an &2, &>?>
2
nd
<atsukata Prime <inister Sep &>, &>?: =an &2, &>?>
2
nd
Eamagata "inance o) >, &>?> Dct &?, &?00
Table $%Cabinet Positions Held by ?atsukata ?asayoshi
*atsu+ata *asayos&i;s First Cabinet
<atsukata <asayoshi Prime <inister <ay :, &>?& 0ug >, &>?2
4Tno -ogama 0gricu(ture W Commerce <ar &4, &>?2 =u( &4, &>?2
<utsu <unemitsu 0gricu(ture W Commerce <ay :, &>?& <ar &4, &>?2
Sano -sunetami 0gricu(ture W Commerce =u( &4, &>?2 0ug >, &>?2
Liranuma arinobu Chief of Cabinet Secretariat <ay :, &>?& 0ug >, &>?2
D5aki SaburT Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau <ay :, &>?& 0ug >, &>?2
GotT ShT8irT Communications <ay :, &>?& 0ug >, &>?2
Ski -akatT Pducation =un &, &>?& 0ug >, &>?2
Ski -akatT Pducation =un &, &>?& 0ug >, &>?2
Eoshika*a 0kimasa Pducation <ay :, &>?& =un &, &>?&
<atsukata <asayoshi "inance <ay :, &>?& 0ug >, &>?2
<atsukata <asayoshi "inance <ay :, &>?& 0ug >, &>?2
0oki ShX5T "oreign 0ffairs <ay :, &>?& <ay 2?, &>?&
Pnomoto -akeaki "oreign 0ffairs <ay 2?, &>?& 0ug >, &>?2
!8"
Mat*ukata Ma*ayo*hi
4Tno -ogama Lome 0ffairs =u( &4, &>?2 0ug >, &>?2
<atsukata <asayoshi Lome 0ffairs =un >, &>?2 =u( &4, &>?2
SaigT -sugumichi Lome 0ffairs <ay :, &>?& =un &, &>?&
Shinaga*a Ea8irT Lome 0ffairs =un &, &>?& <ar &&, &>?2
Soe8ima -aneomi Lome 0ffairs <ar &&, &>?2 =un >, &>?2
4Tno -ogama =ustice =un 2B, &>?2 0ug >, &>?2
-anaka "u8imaro =ustice =un &, &>?& =un 2B, &>?2
Eamada 0kiyoshi =ustice <ay :, &>?& =un &, &>?&
4abayama Sukenori a)y <ay :, &>?& 0ug >, &>?2
Syama ,*ao 6ar <ay :, &>?& <ay &J, &>?&
-akashima -omono-
suke
6ar
<ay &J, &>?& 0ug >, &>?2
Table $&?atsukata ?asayoshi's >ist Cabinet
*atsu+ata *asayos&i;s #e%ond Cabinet
<atsukata <asayoshi Prime <inister Sep &>, &>?: =an &2, &>?>
Pnomoto -akeaki 0gricu(ture W Commerce Sep &>, &>?: <ar 2?, &>?J
Skuma Shigenobu 0gricu(ture W Commerce <ar 2?, &>?J o) :, &>?J
Eamada obumichi 0gricu(ture W Commerce o) >, &>?J =an &2, &>?>
Liranuma arinobu Chief of Cabinet Secretariat Dct >, &>?J =an &2, &>?>
-akahashi 4en5T Chief of Cabinet Secretariat Sep &>, &>?: Dct >, &>?J
4Tmuchi -omotsune Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau Sep &>, &>?: Dct 2>, &>?J
!me 4en8irT Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau Dct 2>, &>?J =an &2, &>?>
-akashima -omono-
suke
Co(oni5ation
Sep &>, &>?: Sep 2, &>?J
omura Easushi Communications Sep 2:, &>?: =an &2, &>?>
Shirane SenGichi Communications Sep &>, &>?: Sep 2:, &>?:
Lachisuka <ochiaki Pducation Sep 2>, &>?: o) :, &>?J
Lamao 0rata Pducation o) :, &>?J =an &2, &>?>
Saion8i 4inmochi Pducation Sep &>, &>?: Sep 2>, &>?:
<atsukata <asayoshi "inance Sep &>, &>?: =an &2, &>?>
ishi -oku8irT "oreign 0ffairs o) :, &>?J =an &2, &>?>
Skuma Shigenobu "oreign 0ffairs Sep 22, &>?: o) :, &>?J
Saion8i 4inmochi "oreign 0ffairs Sep &>, &>?: Sep 22, &>?:
,tagaki -aisuke Lome 0ffairs Sep &>, &>?: Sep 20, &>?:
!83
Mat*ukata Ma*ayo*hi
4abayama Sukenori Lome 0ffairs Sep 20, &>?: =an &2, &>?>
4iyoura 4eigo =ustice Sep 2:, &>?: =an &2, &>?>
Eoshika*a 0kimasa =ustice Sep &>, &>?: Sep 2:, &>?:
SaigT -sugumichi a)y Sep &>, &>?: =an &2, &>?>
Syama ,*ao 6ar Sep &>, &>?: Sep 20, &>?@
-akashima -omono-
suke
6ar
Sep 20, &>?: =an &2, &>?>
Table $*?atsukata ?asayoshi's #econd Cabinet
*atsu+ura Castle
Cast(e in PtchX, bui(t by "umon -oshikiyo'
*atsumoto C8:i
$i)ed
Cabinet Positions Le(d by <atsumoto =T8i
2
nd
Eamamoto Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau Sep 2, &?2B =an J, &?24
SaitT Commerce W ,ndustry "eb ?, &?B4 =u( >, &?B4
Shidehara State Dct ?, &?4@ <ay 22, &?4:
Table %3Cabinet Positions Held by ?atsu.oto 69i
*atsumura 7en-8
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
Ligashikuni Pducation 0ug &J, &?4@ 0ug &>, &?4@
Ligashikuni 6e(fare 0ug &J, &?4@ Dct ?, &?4@
Shidehara 0gricu(ture W "orestry Dct ?, &?4@ =an &B, &?4:
Table %1Cabinet Positions Held by ?atsu.ua Kenz
*atsuna'a Hisa&ide
$i)ed &@&0 to &@JJ
Samurai'
!84
Mat*unaga 4i*ahi-e
Spent much time fighting in shTguna( succession disputes' /rief(y contro((ed a
baby shTgun'
/ecame a )assa( of Dda obunaga in &@:>' ;e)o(ted in &@J2 but soon turned
on his co-traitors' -ried to re)o(t again in &@JJ but Dda forces destroyed his cast(e
7*hich *as *hereV9 and Lisahide committed suicide'
-his reminds me --- need to add an entry on gekoku&'
#ee Also
gekoku& 7pg' A9,
*atsuo /as&8
$i)ed &>44 to &:?4'
*atsuo+a 7oma+i%&i
$i)ed &>>> to &?@>'
*atsuo+a 5osu+e
$i)ed &>>0 to &?4:'
*atsusa+a9&an
*atsus&ita 7onosu+e
$i)ed &>?4 to &?>?'
*atsuyama City
Capita( of Phime Prefecture 7pg' AA9'
*atsuyama9&an
*atsu-a+a9&an
*ay Fifteen In%ident
*ay Fourt& *o4ement
*ei:i Constitution
See Constitution of &>>?, on page @0'
!85
Mei@i
*ei:i
engT3 &>:>-&?&2'
-he <ei8i Pra 7&>:>--&?&29 marks the reign of the Pmperor <ei8i' #uring this
time, =apan *as moderni5ed and rose to *or(d po*er status'
-he <ei8i ;estoration 7&>:J--&>:>9 ended the o)er 2@0 years of ru(e by the
-okuga*a shTguns' ,t a(so is a con)enient break bet*een o(d feuda(-(ike and
1modern2 =apan' ,n &>:>, &4-year-o(d <utsuhito succeded his father, the Pmperor
4omei, taking the tit(e <ei8i, meaning 1en(ightened ru(e'2
Considering that the economic structure and production of the country *as
rough(y eHui)a(ent to P(i5abethan era Png(and, to become a *or(d po*er in such a
short amount of time is *ide(y regarded as remarkab(e progress' -his process *as
c(ose(y monitored and hea)i(y subsidi5ed by the <ei8i go)ernment, creating com-
panies *hose po*er and inf(uence *ou(d gro* such that *ou(d (ater be kno*n as
15aibatsu'2
"o((o*ing her defeat of China in 4orea in the Sino-=apanese 6ar 7&>?4-&>?@9,
=apanGs breakthrough as an internationa( po*er came *ith her )ictory against ;us-
sia in 4orea and <anchuria 7north-eastern China9 in the ;usso-=apanese 6ar of
&?04--&?0@' 0((ied *ith /ritain since &?02, =apan 8oined the 0((ies in 6or(d 6ar
,, sei5ing German-he(d territory in China and the Pacific in the process, but other-
*ise remained (arge(y out of the conf(ict' 0fter the *ar, a *eakened Purope (eft a
greater share in internationa( markets to the !'S' and =apan, *hich emerged great-
(y strengthened' =apanese competition made great inroads into hitherto Puropean-
dominated markets in 0sia, not on(y in China, but e)en in Puropean co(onies (ike
,ndia and ,ndonesia'
-he Pmperor <ei8i died in &?&2 and the -aisho emperor took the throne and
thus began the -aisho Pra'
httpCJJwww.wikipe-ia.orgJwJwiki.phtmlKtitleLMei@iM/ra
*ei:i !estoration
*ei:i9tenn8
-he &22
nd
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed 22 Sept' &>@2 to 2? =u(y &?&2'
;eigned ? =an' &>:J to 2? 7B0V9 =u(y &?&2' Lis coronation *as in &>:>'
*ei8
engT3 &4?2--&@00'
!86
Meireki
*eire+i
engT3 &:@@--&:@J'
*eis&89tenn8
0n empress, not an emperor' -he &0?
th
ru(er of =apan' -he (ast *oman to sit on
the throne'
$i)ed from &? o) &:2B to &0 o) &:?:'
;eigned from > o) &:2? 7&:B0V9 to B Dct &:4B'
Second daughter of Gomi5unT-tennT'
*eito+u (Nort&ern Dynasty$
engT of the orthern #ynasty3 &B?0-&B?B'
*eito+u (#out&ern Dynasty$
engT of the Southern #ynasty3 &B?B-&B?B'
*ei)a
engT3 &J:4--&JJ&'
*ie refe%ture
0rea3 @,JJ4 km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 -su
Popu(ation3 &,>40,000 7&??:9
*ii+e Coal *ine
*i+a'e&ama. /attle of
&B@&'
0 batt(e bet*een 0shikaga -akau8i and 4T <orona on one side and ,shidT Eori-
fusa on the other' ,shidT *on'
*i+ata'a&ara. /attle of
"ought in &@J2'
-akeda Shingen *as headed for ,eyasuGs cast(e at Lamamatsu' 0mong his men
*ere Eamagata <asakage and /aba obuharu' ,eyasu took about &&,000 men
7B,000 of them Dda obunagaGs troops9 out to meet Shingen in batt(e' Shingen
had as many as B0,000 men'
!87
Mikatagahara, attle o!
Shingen defeated ,eyasu but bad *eather and -okuga*a cunning pre)ented
him from fo((o*ing up on the )ictory' -he cunning part is this3 ,eyasu managed to
retreat into his cast(e, but ordered the gates (eft open and bonfires (it, to he(p his
scattered troops to find their *ay back'
Sakai -adatsugu, in the cast(e, e)en *ent so far as to beat on a drum' ,n addi-
tion to he(ping mora(e, these efforts con)inced <asakage and obuharu --- pursu-
ing the retreating -okuga*a forces --- that there must be some trick' ,nstead of at-
tacking the *ide open cast(e, they camped outside for the night' -he fo((o*ing
day, the -akeda army (eft'
see a(so3
-akeda Shingen 7pg' A9, -okuga*a ,eyasu 7pg' A9, Eamagata <asakage 7pg' A9,
/aba obuharu 7pg' A9, Sakai -adatsugu 7pg' A9
*i+a)a ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today 0ichi Prefecture' <ika*a bordered on
D*ari, <ino, Shinano, and -TtTmi Pro)inces'
see a(so3
0ichi Prefecture 7pg' A9,
D*ari Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
-TtTmi Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
*i+i 7iyos&i
$i)ed &>?J to &?4@'
*i+i. #ei'e of
$asted from &@J>--&@>0'
Lideyoshi took <iki Cast(e from /essho agaharu, a retainer of the <Tri'
see a(so3
<Tri "ami(y 7pg' A9,
/essho agaharu 7pg' A9,
*i+i Ta+eo
$i)ed &?0J to &?>>'
!88
Miki )akeo
Po(itician' P(ected to the #iet in &?BJ and remained there unti( at (east &?>4'
6as prime minister from ? #ecember &?J4 to 24 #ecember &?J:' <iki *as
popu(ar *ith the pub(ic for his attempts at reform and unpopu(ar *ith big busi-
ness and his o*n party for the same reason' Le he(d many other posts during his
career in addition to being prime minister'
*imasa+a ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today Dkayama Prefecture' <imasaka bordered on
/itchX, /i5en, Larima, LTki, and ,naba Pro)inces' <imasaka *as (and(ocked'
see a(so3
/itchX Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
/i5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
LTki Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
,naba Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Dkayama Prefecture 7pg' A9,
*imaseto'e. /attle of
-ook p(ace in &@:?'
LT8T !8iteru and LT8T !8ikuni attacked -akeda Shingen' 0(though outnum-
bered 2 to &, Shingen and his army managed to escape'
see a(so3
-akeda Shingen 7pg' A9, LT8T !8iteru 7pg' A9, LT8T !8ikuni 7pg' A9
*inami Hiros&i
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
&
st
Saion8i Chief of Cabinet
Secretariat
=an 04 &?0> &4 =u(y &?0>
2
nd
Saion8i Chief of Cabinet
Secretariat
B0 0ug &?&& 2& #ec &?&2
SaitT Communications 2: <ay &?B2 0> =u(y &?B4
Table %2Cabinet Positions Held by ?ina.i Hioshi
!8
Minamoto Akira
*inamoto A+ira
$i)ed >&4 to >4B'
*inamoto Ari+o
$i)ed &&J& to &2@J'
*inamoto C&i+a+o
#aughter of <orochika 7*hoV9' 6ife to Pmperors 4ameyama and Godaigo'
*inamoto Families
0n important 8ob for any hereditary ru(er is to pro)ide an heir' ,n the past it *as
not uncommon for many chi(dren to die before reaching adu(thood and thus it
*as not safe for a monarch to ha)e on(y a fe* chi(dren' <ore sons offered a bet-
ter chance of at (east one making it safe(y to adu(thood and e)entua((y to become
ru(er'
/ut *hat to do *ith a(( the other roya( chi(dren *ho do not dieV 0t best they are
a drain on the treasury and at *orst 7the usua( case9 they are in)o()ed in a(( sorts
of court p(ots and conspiracies' -he Pmperor Saga 7reigned >0? to >2B9 started
the tradition of gi)ing the name K<inamotoG to the sons and sometimes brothers
of emperors and then casting them free, as ne* fami(ies, separate from the impe-
ria( court'
0s time *ent on there *ere so many <inamotos that they started being distin-
guished by *hich emperor they *ere descended from' -hus, the #aigo-<inamo-
to are descendents of the Pmperor #aigo and the !da-<inamoto are descendents
of the Pmperor !da'
*inamoto Family (Dai'o /ran%&$
0 branch of the <inamoto fami(y decended from <inamoto -akaaki, a son of
Pmperor #aigo'
-oshikata, -akakuni, -oshiaki, and Liromasa are among the members of this
(ine of the <inamoto'
see a(so3
#aigo-tennT 7pg' A9,
<inamoto Liromasa 7pg' A9,
<inamoto -akaaki 7pg' A9,
<inamoto -akakuni 7pg' A9,
<inamoto -oshiaki 7pg' A9,
<inamoto -oshikata 7pg' A9,
!#
Minamoto Family (Murakami ranch)
*inamoto Family (*ura+ami /ran%&$
0 branch of the <inamoto fami(y descended from -amehira and -omohira, sons
of the Pmperor <urakami'
*inamoto Family (#a'a /ran%&$
0 branch of the <inamoto fami(y decended from <inamoto <akoto, a son of
the Pmperor Saga'
-sune, 0kira, Sadamu, -Tru, Likaru, and Shitagau are among the members of
this (ine of the <inamoto'
see a(so3
<inamoto 0kira 7pg' A9,
<inamoto Likaru 7pg' A9,
<inamoto <akoto 7pg' A9,
<inamoto Sadamu 7pg' A9,
<inamoto Shitagau 7pg' A9,
<inamoto -Tru 7pg' A9,
<inamoto -sune 7pg' A9,
Saga-tennT 7pg' A9,
*inamoto Family (#ei)a /ran%&$
0 branch of the <inamoto fami(y descended from Sadatoshi, Sadayasu, and
Sada5umi, sons of the Pmperor Sei*a'
*inamoto Family (=da /ran%&$
0 branch of the <inamoto fami(y descended from -okiyo and 0tsu5ane, sons of
the Pmperor !da'
*inamoto Hidea+ira
#ied ?40'
*inamoto Hi+aru
$i)ed >4@ to ?&B'
*inamoto Hiromasa
$i)ed ?&> to ?>0'
!!
Minamoto 8chiman
*inamoto I%&iman
$i)ed &200 to &20B'
*inamoto 7u'yo
*inamoto *a+oto
$i)ed >&0 to >:?'
*inamoto *asanobu
$i)ed ?20 to ??B'
*inamoto *asa-ane
$i)ed &0@? to &&2J'
*inamoto *i%&i%&i+a
$i)ed &&4? to &202'
*inamoto *itsuna+a
$i)ed ?&2 to ??J'
*inamoto *orofusa
$i)ed &00B to &0JJ'
*inamoto *oroyori
$i)ed &0J0 to &&B?'
*inamoto Na+atsuna
#ied &&>0'
*inamoto Noriyori
$i)ed &&@: to &&?B'
*inamoto #adamu
$i)ed >&@ to >:B'
*inamoto #anetomo
$i)ed &&?2 to &2&?'
-he B
rd
4amakura shTgun'
,n office3 &20B to &2&?'
!"
Minamoto 1en@u+maru
*inamoto #en:u9maru
$i)ed &20& to &2&4'
*inamoto #&ita'au
$i)ed ?&& to ?>B'
*inamoto Ta+aa+i
$i)ed ?&4 to ?>2'
*inamoto Ta+a+uni
$i)ed &004 to &0JJ'
*inamoto Tametomo
$i)ed &&B? to &&J0'
*inamoto Tameyos&i
$i)ed &0?: to &&@:'
*inamoto Tomona'a
$i)ed &&44 to &&:0'
*inamoto T8ru
$i)ed >22 to >?@'
*inamoto Tos&ia+i
$i)ed &044 to &&&4'
*inamoto Tos&ifusa
$i)ed &0B@ to &&B&'
*inamoto Tos&i+ata
$i)ed ?@? to &02J'
*inamoto Tsunemoto
$i)ed >?4 to ?:&'
*inamoto Tsune
$i)ed >&2 to >@4'
!3
Minamoto 5oriie
*inamoto 5oriie
$i)ed &&>2 to &204'
-he 2
nd
4amakura shTgun'
,n office3 &202 to &20B'
*inamoto 5orimasa
$i)ed &&0: to &&>0'
*inamoto 5orimitsu
$i)ed ?44 to &02&'
*inamoto 5orinobu
$i)ed ?:> to &04>'
*inamoto 5oritomo
$i)ed &&4J to &&??'
-he &
st
4amakura shTgun'
,n office3 &&?2 to &&??'
*inamoto 5oriyos&i
$i)ed ??@ to &0>2'
*inamoto 5os&i%&i+a
#ied &&&J'
*inamoto 5os&i&ira
$i)ed &&40 to &&:0'
*inamoto 5os&iie
$i)ed &04& to &&0>'
*inamoto 5os&i+ata
#ied &&@@'
*inamoto 5os&i+uni
#ied &&@@'
!4
Minamoto 5o*himit*u
*inamoto 5os&imitsu
$i)ed &0@: to &&2J'
*inamoto 5os&ina+a
$i)ed &&@4 to &&>4'
*inamoto 5os&itomo
$i)ed &&2B to &&:0'
*inamoto 5os&itsuna
#ied &&B4'
*inamoto 5os&itsune
$i)ed &&@? to &&>?'
*inamoto 5u+iie
#ied &&>:'
*inin'
*inobe Tatsu+i%&i
$i)ed &>JB to &?4>'
*inomura !i-aemon
$i)ed &>2& to &>JJ'
*ino ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today Gifu Prefecture' <ino bordered on Pchi5en,
Lida, ,se, <ika*a, Smi, D*ari, and Shinano Pro)inces'
see a(so3
Gifu Prefecture 7pg' A9,
<ika*a Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
D*ari Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
!5
Mino %ro&ince
*inseito
*ins&> #&a+ait8
*is&ima *i%&itsune
$i)ed &>B@ to &>>>'
*is&ima 5u+io
$i)ed &4 =an' &?2@ to 2@ o)' &?J0'
o)e(ist' Graduate of -okyo !ni)ersity'
6orks inc(ude 7](dots9'
*isora Hibari
aka 4ato 4a5ue
$i)ed &?BJ to &?>?'
*ito City
Capita( of ,baraki Prefecture 7pg' A9'
*itsu%&i C&>-8
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
-akahashi Chief of Cabinet
Secretariat
&B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
-anaka G' Pducation 20 0pr &?2J 02 =une &?2J
-anaka G' "inance 02 =une &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
,nukai 7Check
dates9
Communications &B #ec &?B& 2: <ay &?B2
SaitT ;ai(*ays 2: <ay &?B2 0> =u(y &?B4
Shidehara Lome 0ffairs &B =an &?4: 22 <ay &?4:
Shidehara -ransport &B =an &?4: 2: =an &?4:
Table %3Cabinet Positions Held by ?itsuchi Ch<z
!6
Mit*ui
*itsui
*itsu+uri !ins&o
$i)ed &>4: to &>?J'
*iura Doro
$i)ed &>4J to &?2:'
*iya'i refe%ture
0rea3 J,2>@ km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 Sendai
Popu(ation3 2,B&0,000 7&??:9
*iya+e #etsurei
$i)ed &>:0 to &?4@'
*iyamoto *usas&i
aka iten
$i)ed &@>4 to &? <ay &:4@'
<ost famous as a s*ordsman but a(so *e(( kno*n as an author and artist'
"ounder of the iten-,chiryu 7spV9 schoo( of s*ordfighting'
$egend has it that <usashi fought at (east :0 dua(s bet*een &@?J and &:&B *ith-
out (osing a sing(e one'
0fter KretiringG from s*ordfighting, <usashi spend his time *riting his famous
book, kno*n in Png(ish as 1-he /ook of "i)e ;ings2 and on painting and dra*-
ing, in *hich he sho*ed considerab(e ta(ent' Le (eft se)era( paintings that are
sti(( *e((-regarded today'
*iya-a+i City
Capita( of <iya5aki Prefecture 7pg AAA9'
*iya-a+i refe%ture
0rea3 J,JB4 km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 <iya5aki
Popu(ation3 &,&?0,000 7&??:9
!7
Miyazawa :iichi
*iya-a)a 7ii%&i
Prime <inister from @ o)ember &??& to ? 0ugust &??B' 7;ep(aced by
Losoka*a <orihiro 7pg AAA99'
*iyos&i C&8+ei
$i)ed &@2B to &@:4'
Samurai'
*i-uno Nobumoto
#ied &@J:'
Son of <i5uno -adamasa' /rother of <i5uno -adashige'
S*itched his a((egiance from the ,maga*a fami(y to Dda obuhide'
4i((ed by -okuga*a ,eyasu on orders from Dda obunaga' 76hyV9
*i-uno !entar8
$i)ed
Cabinet Positions Le(d by <i5uno ;entarT
-erauchi Lome 0ffairs 2B 0pr &?&> 2? Sep &?&>
4atT -omosaburT Lome 0ffairs &2 =une &?22 02 Sep &?2B
4iyoura Lome 0ffairs 0J =an &?24 && =une &?24
-anaka G' Pducation 02 =une &?2J 2@ <ay &?2>
Table %4Cabinet Positions Held by ?izuno Aenta
*i-uno Tadas&i'e
$i)ed &@4& to &:00'
Son of <i5uno -adamasa' /rother of <i5uno obumoto'
6as gi)en his brotherGs fief of 4ariya 7VV koku9 in <ika*a'
6as ki((ed by 4agai Lidemasa' 76hyV9
*o%&i-u+e 7eisu+e
$i)ed
!8
Mochizuke :ei*uke
Cabinet ositions
-anaka G' Communications 20 0pr &?2J 2B <ay &?2>
-anaka G' Lome 0ffairs 2B <ay &?2> 02 =u(y &?2?
Dkada Communications &2 Sep &?B@ 0? <ar &?B:
Table %"Cabinet Positions Held by ?ochizuke Keisuke
*ommu9tenn8
-he 42
nd
emperor of =apan'
;eigned :?J to J0J'
*omo-ono9tenn8
-he &&:
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned &J4J to &J:2'
*on'ol In4asions
*onto+u9tenn8
-he @@
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned >@0 to >@>'
*ori Arinori
$i)ed &>4J to &>>?'
*8ri Family
"ami(y of daimyT, descended from Se Liromoto' Pstab(ished themse()es in 0ki
Pro)ince'
*ori 7a+u
$i)ed &>>B to &?B2'
*ori+uni
$i)ed &B0& to &BBB'
-he ?
th
4amakura ShTgun'
;u(ed &B0> to &BBB'
Son of the ShTgun Lisaakira' Grandson of the Pmperor Gofukakusa'
!
Morikuni
see a(so3
Lisaakira 7pg' A9,
*8ri *otonari
$i)ed &4?J to &@J&'
*orina'a
$i)ed &B0> to &BB@'
-he &0
th
4amakura ShTgun'
;u(ed &BBB to &BB4'
Son of the Pmperor Godaigo and <inamoto Chikako'
see a(so3
Lisaakira 7pg' A9,
*ori Na'ayos&i
*ori 6'ai
$i)ed &>:2 to &?22'
*orio+a City
Capita( of ,*ate Prefecture 7pg' A9
*8ri Ta+amoto
$i)ed
*8ri Terumoto
$i)ed 22 =an' &@@B to 2J 0pri( &:2@
Son of <Tri -akamoto'
"ought against -oyotomi Lideyoshi but *as e)entua((y o)ercome' Participated
in the 4XshX campaign 7&@>J9 on LideyoshiGs side'
/ui(t Liroshima Cast(e'
"##
M0ri )erumoto
-erumoto *as one of the fi)e -airT appointed by Lideyoshi'
0t the height of his po*er, -erumoto contro((ed &'2 mi((ion koku' 7*henV
*hereV9
Sided against -okuga*a ,eysasu but *as not present at the /att(e of Sekigahara'
-erumoto *as in Ssaka Cast(e at the time and surrendered to ,eyasu soon after
Sekigahara' ,eyasu reduced -erumotoGs domains, (ea)ing him on(y agato and
SuT Pro)inces, *orth B:?,000 koku tota('
see a(so3
Liroshima Cast(e 7pg' A9,
4yXshX Campaign 7pg' A9,
<Tri -akamoto 7pg' A9,
Ssaka Cast(e 7pg' A9,
-airT 7pg' A9,
-okuga*a ,eysasu 7pg' A9,
*oriyama Hisa+ane
*ori 5os&ir8
/orn =u(y &4, &?BJ in ,shika*a Prefecture'
Prime <inister from @ 0pri( 2000 to 4 =u(y 2000 and 4 =u(y 2000 to 2: 0pri(
200&' ;ep(aced by 4oi5umi =unGichirT 7pg AAA9'
*otoda "ifu
aka <otoda aka5ane
$i)ed &>&> to &>?&
*otoda Ha:ime
$i)ed
"#!
Moto-a 4a@ime
Cabinet ositions
&
st
Eamamoto Communications 20 "eb &?&B &: 0pr &?&4
Lara ;ai(*ays &@ <ay &?20 &B o) &?2&
-akahashi ;ai(*ays &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
Table %$Cabinet Positions Held by ?otoda Ha9i.e
*otoori Norina'a
$i)ed &JB0 to &>0&'
*u+ai C&ia+i
<s' <ukai *as the first =apanese *oman to become an astronaut' 0s of Septem-
ber 200&, she has participated in t*o missions on the !'S' space shutt(e'
*uneta+a
$i)ed &242 to &2J4'
-he :
th
4amakura ShTgun'
;u(ed &2@2 to &2::'
Son of the Pmperor Gosaga'
;ep(aced the deposed "u8i*ara Eoritsuga as shTgun'
see a(so3
Gosaga-tennT 7pg' A9,
"u8i*ara Eoritsuga 7pg' A9,
*ura+ami9tenn8
-he :2
nd
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed 2 =une ?2: to 2@ <ay ?:J'
;eigned 20 0pri( ?4: to 2@ <ay ?:J'
"ather of ;ei5ei-tennT 7pg AAA9'
*ura+ami 5os&i+iyo
$i)ed &@0& to &@JB'
"#"
Murakami 5o*hikiyo
"ought against the both -akeda obutora and -akeda Shingen' 6as a((ied *ith
!esugi 4enshin'
"ought at 7one or more ofV9 the /att(es of 4a*anaka8ima'
see a(so3
4a*anaka8ima, /att(es of 7pg' A9,
-akeda obutora 7pg' A9,
*urasa+i #&i+ibu
#ied ??2'
#aughter of "u8i*ara -ametoki' 6ife of "u8i*ara obutaka'
-he author of !he !ale of Geni 7pg 2J>9, a masterpiece of *or(d (iterature'
0(so (eft a diary, appropriate(y enough kno*n as !he Dairy of Murasaki Shikibu'
*urase Nao+ai
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
2
nd
4onoe Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 22 =u(y &?40 &> =u(y &?4&
B
rd
4onoe Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau &> =u(y &?4& &> Dct &?4&
Su5uki 4' Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 0J 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
Ligashikuni Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau &J 0ug &?4@ 0? Dct &?4@
Table %%Cabinet Positions Held by ?uase Naokai
*urata #&8-8
$i)ed
Cabinet Positions Le(d by <urata ShT5T
"#3
Murata 1h0z0
2
nd
4onoe Communications 22 =u(y &?40 &> =u(y &?4&
2
nd
4onoe ;ai(*ays 22 =u(y &?40 2> Sep &?40
B
rd
4onoe Communications &> =u(y &?4& &> Dct &?4&
B
rd
4onoe ;ai(*ays &> =u(y &?4& &> Dct &?4&
Table %&Cabinet Positions Held by ?uata #hz
*urayama !yo&ei
$i)ed &>@0 to &?BB'
*urayama Tomii%&i
Prime <inister from B0 =une &??4 to && =anuary &??:' 7;ep(aced by Lashimoto
;yXtarT 7pg AAA99'
*usas&i ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today Saitama and -TkyT Prefectures' <usashi
bordered on 4ai, 4T5uke, Sagami, ShimTsa, and Shimotsuke Pro)inces'
see a(so3
4ai Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4T5uke Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Sagami Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Saita-
ma Prefecture 7pg' A9, ShimTsa Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Shimotsuke Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
-TkyT Prefecture 7pg' A9,
*uto #an:i
$i)ed &>:J to &?B4'
*utsu *unemitsu
$i)ed &>44 to &>?J'
Cabinet Positions Le(d by <utsu <unemitsu
&st Eamagata 0gricu(ture W Commerce &J <ay &>?0 0: <ay &>?&
&st <atsukata 0gricu(ture W Commerce 0: <ay &>?& &4 <ar &>?2
2
nd
,tT "oreign 0ffairs 0> 0ug &>?2 0@ =une &>?@
2
nd
,tT "oreign 0ffairs 0B 0pr &>?: B0 <ay &>?:
Table %*Cabinet Positions Held by ?utsu ?une.itsu
"#4
Mut*u %ro&ince
*utsu ro4in%e
0 pro)ince that is today 0omori Prefecture' <utsu bordered on ;ikuchX and
!go Pro)inces'
see a(so3
0omori Pro)ince 7pg' A9, ;ikuchX Pro)ince 7pg' A9, !go Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Nabeyama #ada%&i+a , Nunobeyama. /attle of
Nabeyama #ada%&i+a
$i)ed &?0& to &?J?'
Na'ai 7afu
$i)ed &>J? to &?@?'
Na'ai !y>tar8
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
SaitT Co(oni5ation 2: <ay &?B2 0> =u(y &?B4
&
st
4onoe Communications 04 =une &?BJ 0@ =an &?B?
0be Communications B0 0ug &?B? &: =an &?40
0be ;ai(*ays B0 0ug &?B? 2? o) &?B?
Table &3Cabinet Positions Held by Na,ai Ay<ta
Na'a+ute. /attle of
-ook p(ace &@>4'
Lideyoshi forces raided into <ika*a' ,eyasu attacked them from behind' 0fter
soom initia( skirmishing, the sides faced off near the )i((age of agakute' <ori
agayoshi and ,keda obuteru, t*o of LideyoshiGs commanders, *ere ki((ed in
the fighting' Lo*e)er, Lideyoshi *as a(ready on his *ay *ith reinforcements' ,t
became a sta(emate and *ith no ad)antage to continued fighting, both sides *ith-
dre*'
see a(so3
-oyotomi Lideyoshi 7pg' A9, -okuga*a ,eysasu 7pg' A9, <ika*a Pro)ince 7pg'
A9, <ori agayoshi 7pg' A9, ,keda obuteru 7pg' A9,
"#5
Nagano City
Na'ano City
-he capita( city of agano Prefecture'
Na'ano refe%ture
0rea3 &B,@>@ km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 agano
Popu(ation3 2,&?0,000 7&??:9
Na'asa+i. /ombin' of
Dn ? 0ugust &?4@, the !nited States mi(itary dropped an atomic bomb on the
city of agasaki' -his *as three days after a simi(ar bomb *as dropped on Li-
roshima' =apan surrendered si. days (ater, on &@ 0ugust &?4@'
-he ro(e of the atomic bombs in bringing about =apanGs surrender is a ma8or
historica( contro)ersy' Some historians suggest that the bombings *ere mi(itari(y
unnecessary, perhaps more of a sho* of force against the So)iet !nion' Dthers
contend that the on(y a(ternati)e to the destruction of Liroshima and agasaki
*as an in)asion of the home is(ands themse()es---*hich cou(d ha)e resu(ted in
hundreds of thousands or possib(y mi((ions of 0((ied and =apanese so(diers and
ci)i(ians in8ured or ki((ed' -hus, in this )ie*, the po*er demonstated by the 0((ies
in the form of the atom bombs *as needed to con)ince the =apanese go)ernment
to accept surrender and spare both sides a protracted and horrib(y destructi)e in)a-
sion'
President -ruman authori5ed the use of the *eapons and insisted to the end of
his (ife that he considered them no different than any other *eapon at his disposa('
-he firebombing of -okyo ki((ed a comparab(e number of peop(e 7more during
the bombing and as a resu(t of the fires, but possib(y fe*er (ong term )ictims as
the firebombs did not gi)e anyone radiation sickness9' -he biggest difference be-
ing that the bombing of -okyo in)o()ed many p(anes and thousands of bombs
*hereas Liroshima and agasaki *ere destroyed by one p(ane and one bomb
each'
agasaki (ies at the head of a (ong bay *hich forms the best natura( harbor on
the southern =apanese home is(and of 4yushu' -he main commercia( and residen-
tia( area of the city (ies on a sma(( p(ain near the end of the bay' -*o ri)ers di)id-
ed by a mountain spur form the t*o main )a((eys in *hich the city (ies' -his
mountain spur and the irregu(ar (ay-out of the city tremendous(y reduced the area
of destruction, so that at first g(ance agasaki appeared to ha)e been (ess de)as-
tated than Liroshima'
-he hea)i(y bui(d-up area of the city is confined by the terrain to (ess than 4
sHuare mi(es out of a tota( of about B@ sHuare mi(es in the city as a *ho(e'
"#6
Naga*aki, ombing o!
-he city of agasaki had been one of the (argest sea ports in southern =apan
and *as of great *ar-time importance because of its many and )aried industries,
inc(uding the production of ordnance, ships, mi(itary eHuipment, and other *ar
materia(s' -he narro* (ong strip attacked *as of particu(ar importance because of
its industries' ,n contrast to many modern aspects of agasaki, the residences a(-
most *ithout e.ception *ere of f(imsy, typica( =apanese construction, consisting
of *ood or *ood-frame bui(dings, *ith *ood *a((s *ith or *ithout p(aster, and
ti(e roofs' <any of the sma((er industries and business estab(ishments *ere a(so
housed in *ooden bui(dings or f(imsi(y bui(t masonry bui(dings' agasaki had
been permitted to gro* for many years *ithout conforming to any definite city
5oning p(an and therefore residences *ere constructed ad8acent to factory bui(d-
ings and to each other a(most as c(ose as it *as possib(e to bui(d them throughout
the entire industria( )a((ey'
agasaki had not been sub8ected to (arge sca(e bombing prior to the e.p(osion
of the atomic bomb there' Dn 0ugust &st, &?4@, ho*e)er, a number of high e.p(o-
si)e bombs *ere dropped on the city' 0 fe* of these bombs hit in the shipyards
and dock areas in the south*est portion of the city' Se)era( of the bombs hit the
<itsubishi Stee( and 0rms 6orks and si. bombs (anded at the agasaki <edica(
Schoo( and Lospita(, *ith three direct hits on bui(dings there' 6hi(e the damage
from these fe* bombs *ere re(ati)e(y sma((, it created considerab(e concern in
agasaki and a number of peop(e, principa((y schoo( chi(dren, *ere e)acuated to
rura( areas for safety, thus reducing the popu(ation in the city at the time of the
atomic attack'
Dn the morning of 0ugust ?th, &?4@, at about J3@0 0'<', =apanese time, an air
raid a(ert *as sounded in agasaki, but the 10(( c(ear2 signa( *as gi)en at >3B0'
6hen on(y t*o /-2? superfortresses *ere sighted at &03@B the =apanese apparent-
(y assumed that the p(anes *ere on(y on reconnaissance and no further a(arm *as
gi)en' 0 fe* moments (ater, at &&300 oGc(ock, the obser)ation /-2? dropped in-
struments attached to three parachutes and at &&302 the other p(ane re(eased the
atomic bomb'
-he bomb e.p(oded high o)er the industria( )a((ey of agasaki, a(most mid-
*ay bet*een the <itsubishi Stee( and 0rms 6orks, in the south, and the <it-
subishi-!rakami Drdnance 6orks 7-orpedo 6orks9, in the north, the t*o princi-
pa( targets of the city'
#espite its e.treme importance, the first bombing mission on Liroshima had
been a(most routine' -he second mission *as not so une)entfu(' 0gain the cre*
*as specia((y trained and se(ected+ but bad *eather introduced some momentous
comp(ications' -hese comp(ications are best described in the brief account of the
missionGs *eaponeer, Comdr', no* Capt', "' $' 0sh*orth, !'S'', *ho *as in
technica( command of the bomb and *as charged *ith the responsibi(ity of insur-
ing that the bomb *as successfu((y dropped at the proper time and on the desig-
nated target' Lis narrati)e runs as fo((o*s3
KK-he night of our take-off *as one of tropica( rain sHua((s, and f(ashes
of (ightning stabbed into the darkness *ith disconcerting regu(arity'
"#7
Naga*aki, ombing o!
-he *eather forecast to(d us of storms a(( the *ay from the <arianas
to the Pmpire' Dur rende5)ous *as to be off the southeast coast of
4yushu, some &@00 mi(es a*ay' -here *e *ere to 8oin *ith our t*o
companion obser)ation /-2?Gs that took off a fe* minutes behind us'
Ski((fu( pi(oting and e.pert na)igation brought us to the rende5)ous
*ithout incident'
KK0bout fi)e minutes after our arri)a(, *e *ere 8oined by the first of
our /-2?Gs' -he second, ho*e)er, fai(ed to arri)e, ha)ing apparent(y
been thro*n off its course by storms during the night' 6e *aited B0
minutes and then proceeded *ithout the second p(ane to*ard the
target area'
KK#uring the approach to the target the specia( instruments insta((ed in
the p(ane to(d us that the bomb *as ready to function' 6e *ere
prepared to drop the second atomic bomb on =apan' /ut fate *as
against us, for the target *as comp(ete(y obscured by smoke and ha5e'
-hree times *e attempted bombing runs, but *ithout success' -hen
*ith anti-aircraft fire bursting around us and *ith a number of enemy
fighters coming up after us, *e headed for our secondary target,
agasaki'
KK-he bomb burst *ith a b(inding f(ash and a huge co(umn of b(ack
smoke s*ir(ed up to*ard us' Dut of this co(umn of smoke there boi(ed
a great s*ir(ing mushroom of gray smoke, (uminous *ith red, f(ashing
f(ame, that reached to 40,000 feet in (ess than > minutes' /e(o*
through the c(ouds *e cou(d see the pa(( of b(ack smoke ringed *ith
fire that co)ered *hat had been the industria( area of agasaki'
KK/y this time our fue( supp(y *as dangerous(y (o*, so after one Huick
circ(e of agasaki, *e headed direct for Dkina*a for an emergency
(anding and refue(ingGG'
!eferen%es(
-LP 0-D<,C /D</,GS D" L,;DSL,<0 0# 0G0S04, by -he <an-
hattan Pngineer #istrict, &?4:' 70)ai(ab(e on(ine9
httpCJJwww.wikipe-ia.orgJwJwiki.phtmlKtitleLNaga*aki
Na'asa+i City
-he capita( of agasaki Prefecture'
-he second city in =apan to be destroyed by an atomic bomb' -his *as on ?
0ugust &?4@'
agasaki is a city at the south-*estern coast of =apan' "ounded before &@00, it
*as origina((y a sec(uded harbor )i((age *ith (itt(e historica( significance unti(
contact *ith Puropean e.p(orers in the mid-&:th century, *hen a Portuguese ship
"#8
Naga*aki City
accidenta((y (anded at 4agoshima Prefecture in &@42' -he 5ea(ous =esuit mission-
ary "rancis Aa)ier arri)ed in another part of the territory in &@4?, but a(though he
(eft for China in &@@& and died soon after departure his fo((o*ers *ho remained
behind con)erted a number of daimyo 7*ar(ords9' -he most notab(e among them
*as Dmura Sumitada, *ho deri)ed great profit from his con)ersion through an
accompanying dea( to recei)e a portion of the trade from Portuguese ships at a
port they estab(ished in agasaki in &@J& *ith his assistance'
-he (itt(e harbor )i((age Huick(y gre* into a di)erse port city, and Portuguese
products imported through agasaki 7such as tobacco, bread, tempura, sponge-
cake, and ne* c(othing sty(es9 *ere assimi(ated into popu(ar =apanese cu(ture' -he
Portuguese a(so brought *ith them many goods of Chinese origin'
,n &@>J agasakiGs prosperity *as threatened *hen Lideyoshi -oyotomi came
to po*er' Concerned *ith the (arge Christian inf(uence in southern =apan, he or-
dered the e.pu(sion of a(( missionaries' Dmura had gi)en the =esuits partia( ad-
ministrati)e contro( of agasaki, and the city no* returned to imperia( contro('
=apanese and foreign Christians *ere persecuted, *ith Lideyoshi crucifying 2:
Christians in agasaki in &@?: to deter any attempt to usurp his po*er' Por-
tuguese traders *ere not ostraci5ed, ho*e)er, and so the city continued to thri)e'
6hen -okuga*a ,eyasu took po*er a(most t*enty years (ater conditions did
not much impro)e' Christianity *as banned outright in &:&4 and a(( missionaries
*ere deported, as *e(( as daimyo *ho *ou(d not renounce the re(igion' 0 bruta(
campaign of persecution fo((o*ed, *ith thousands across agasaki and other
parts of =apan ki((ed or tortured'
-he Christians did put up some initia( resistance, *ith the agasaki Shimabara
enc(a)e of destitute Christians and (oca( peasants rising in rebe((ion in &:BJ' !(ti-
mate(y numbering 40,000, they captured Lara Cast(e and humi(iated the (oca(
daimyo' -he shogun dispatched &20,000 so(diers to Huash the uprising, thus end-
ing =apanGs brief GChristian Century'G Christians sti(( remained, of course, but a((
*ent into hiding, sti(( the )ictims of occasiona( inHuisitions'
-he #utch had been Huiet(y making inroads into =apan during this time, despite
the shogunateGs officia( po(icy of ending foreign inf(uence *ithin the country' -he
#utch demonstrated that they *ere interested in trading a(one, and demonstrated
their commitment during the Shimabara rebe((ion by firing on the Christians in
support of the shogun' ,n &:4& they *ere granted #e8ima, an artificia( is(and in
agasaki /ay, as a base of operations' "rom this date unti( &>@@, =apanGs contact
*ith the outside *or(d *as (imited to agasaki' ,n &J20 the ban on #utch books
*as (ifted, causing hundreds of scho(ars to f(ood into agasaki to study Puropean
science and art'
0fter !S Commodore <atthe* Perry (anded in &>@B and the shogunate crum-
b(ed short(y after*ard, =apan opened its doors again' agasaki became a free port
in &>@? and moderni5ation began in earnest in &>:>' 6ith the <ei8i ;estoration,
agasaki Huick(y began to assume some economic dominance' ,ts main industry
*as ship bui(ding'
"#
Naga*aki City
-his )ery industry *ou(d e)entua((y make it a target in 6or(d 6ar ,,' 0t &&302
am on 0ugust ? &?4@, the 0merican /-2? Superfortress 1/ockGs Car,2 in search of
the shipyards, instead spotting the <itsubishi 0rms 6orks through a break in the
c(ouds' ,t dropped the 1"at <an2 nuc(ear bomb on this target, the second nuc(ear
bomb to be detonated o)er =apan' J@,000 of agasakiGs 240,000 residents *ere
ki((ed, fo((o*ed by the death of at (east as many from resu(ting sickness and in-
8ury'
-he city rebui(t after the *ar, a(beit dramatica((y changed, as any city *ou(d be
after such co(ossa( damage' e* temp(es *ere bui(t, and ne* churches as *e((,
since the Christian presence ne)er died out and e)en increased dramatica((y in
numbers after the *ar' Some of the rubb(e *as (eft as a memoria(, (ike the one-
(egged torii gate and a stone arch near ground 5ero' e* structures *ere a(so
raised as memoria(s, such as the 0tomic /omb <useum' /ut agasaki a(so re-
mains first and foremost a port city, supporting a rich shipping industry and set-
ting a strong e.amp(e of perse)erance and peace'
httpCJJwww.wikipe-ia.orgJwJwiki.phtmlKtitleLNaga*aki
see a(so3
Liroshima, /ombing ofWpg AAA
agasaki, /ombing ofWpg AAA
Liroshima CityWpg AAA
Na'asa+i refe%ture
0rea3 40?& km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 agasaki
Popu(ation3 &,@@0,000 7&??:9
Na'as&ima. #ei'e of (01I0$
-ook p(ace in &@J&'
agashima *as a fortress contro((ed by the ,kkT-ikki' 0ctua((y, it *as a *ho(e
series of fortresses and defensi)e *orks' obunaga attacked three times o)er the
course of four years, before fina((y destroying agashima itse(f'
DdaGs forces attacked across a ri)er' !nfortunate(y, the samuraiGs horses got
stuck in the mud' -he samurai that managed to drag themse()es to shore --- *hi(e
being fired on --- *ere dro*ned *hen the defenders opened a dike and f(ooded
the area' ,t *as a tota( disaster for obunaga'
see a(so3
,kkT-ikki 7pg' A9,
"!#
Naga*hima, 1eige o! ("5(")
agashima, Second Seige of 7pg' A9,
agashima, -hird Seige of 7pg' A9,
-ook p(ace in &@JB'
obunagaGs run of i((-(uck *ith the ,kkT-ikki continued *hen a rainstorm hit
8ust as he *as about to open the batt(e *ith his arHuebuses' -he rain rendered
them use(ess and (eft his men in a *eak defensi)e position' -he ,kkT-ikki troops
immediate(y counter-attacked' -heir arHuebuses *ere co)ered during the storm
and they started using them as soon as the rain (et up' -he ,kkT-ikki troops came
c(ose to ki((ing obunaga' Le retreated'
see a(so3
,kkT-ikki 7pg' A9,
agashima, "irst Seige of 7pg' A9,
agashima, -hird Seige of 7pg' A9,
"ate *as kinder to Dda obunaga on his third attempt to reduce the fortress at
agashima'
6hi(e a f(eet of ships (ead by 4uki Eoshitaka b(ockaded and bombarded the
area, Dda took the outer forts' P)entua((y, the defenders *ere forced back, into
the cast(es of GanshT8i and agashima' -here *ere about 20,000 of them and
they *ere no* comp(ete(y cut off' 0s their situation *orsened, it became more
and more point(ess for DdaGs enemies to try to he(p them, and the defenders found
themse()es *ithout anyone *i((ing to try to he(p them'
DdaGs men bui(t a *ooden *a(( from one outer fort to another, cutting the ,kkT-
ikki off from the outside and pre)enting them from seeing *hat *as coming'
obunaga had *ood pi(ed against the *a(( and (it of fire' -he fire spread to Gan-
shT8i and agashima' 0(( 20,000 of the defenders *ere ki((ed'
see a(so3
,kkT-ikki 7pg' A9,
agashima, "irst Seige of 7pg' A9,
agashima, Second Seige of 7pg' A9,
4uki Eoshitaka 7pg' A9,
"!!
Naga*hima 1higeo
Na'as&ima #&i'eo
/aseba(( p(ayer and (ater the manager of the -okyo Giants' Le retired at the end
of the 200& season'
Na'as&ino. /attle of
&@JB, agashino in <ika*a
-akeda 4atsuyori beseiged Dkudaira obumasa at agashino Cast(e in &@JB'
obumasa *as ho(ding the cast(e for -okuga*a ,eyasu' /oth ,eyasu and Dda
obunaga sent troops and 4atsuyori *as defeated'
Na'as&ino Castle
Cast(e in <ika*a Pro)ince' Drigina((y the home of the Suganuma fami(y, -oku-
ga*a ,eyasu took the cast(e in &@JB' $ater that year, -okuga*a and Dda forces
combined to defeat -akeda 4atsuyori *hen besieged agashino Cast(e'
Na'ato ro4in%e
0 pro)ince at the e.treme *estern end of LonshX, in the area that is today Eam-
aguchi Prefecture' agato bordered on ,*ami and SuT Pro)inces'
see a(so3
LonshX 7pg' A9,
Eamaguchi Prefecture 7pg' A9,
Na'oya Castle
Shiba Eoshimune bui(t the origina( cast(e around &@2@' Dda obuhide took it
from ,maga*a !8itoyo in &@B2, but (ater abandoned it'
,n &:&0 ,eyasu ordered the )arious daimyT to he(p *ith the bui(ding of a ne*
cast(e on the site'
Na'oya City (Ai%&i refe%ture$
-he capita( city of 0ichi Prefecture 7pg AAA9'
Na'oya City (Na'asa+i refe%ture$
0 city in agasaki Prefecture' -oyotomi Lideyoshi directed the in)asion of 4o-
rea from agoya, at that time a part of Li5en pro)ince'
"!"
Naha City
Na&a City
-he capita( city of Dkina*a Prefecture 7pg AAA9'
Nairan
D(d go)ernment position *hich trans(ates as K,nspector of ,mperia( #ocuments'G
Nait8 Family (*i+a)a$
#escended from "u8i*ara Lidesato 7pg' A9'
Nait8 Family (Tamba$
Gen5aemon ^]rightarro*^ Eukiyasu
Nait8 Den-aemon
"ather of aitT Eukiyasu'
Ser)ed Dda obunaga' 6as gi)en 4ameyama 7200,000 koku9 in -amba'
Nait8 *asana'a
$i)ed &@:> to &:B4'
Nait8 Nobunari
$i)ed &@4@ to &:&2'
Nait8 Tada+atsu
#ied &:>0'
Nait8 5u+iyasu
#ied &:2:'
/aptised in &@:4' 6as banished to <ani(a in &:&4'
Na+ae C&omin
aka akae -okusuke'
$i)ed &>4J to &?0&'
Phi(osopher' Studied in "rance from &>J& to &>J4' -rans(ated some of the *rit-
ings of ='=' ;ousseau into =apanese'
Na+a'a)a Family
#aimyT fami(y descended from <inamoto Eorimitsu 7pg' A9'
"!3
Nakagawa 4i-ema*a
Na+a'a)a Hidemasa
P(dest son of akaga*a 4iyohide'
#ied fighting in 4orea'
Na+a'a)a Hidenari
$i)ed &@J0 to &:&2'
Na+a'a)a 7iyo&ide
$i)ed &@42 to &@>B'
Na+a&as&i To+u'or8
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
Lara Pducation 2? Sep &?&> &B o) &?2&
-akahashi Pducation &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
-anaka G' Commerce W ,ndustry 20 0pr &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
,nukai 7Check dates9 Lome 0ffairs &B #ec &?B& &: <ar &?B2
Table &1Cabinet Positions Held by Nakahashi Toku,o
Na+a:ima C&i+u&ei
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
&st 4onoe ;ai(*ays 04 =une &?BJ 0@ =an &?B?
Ligashikuni <unitions &J 0ug &?4@ 2: 0ug &?4@
Ligashikuni Commerce W ,ndustry 2: 0ug &?4@ 0? Dct &?4@
Table &2Cabinet Positions Held by Naka9i.a Chikuhei
Na+ami'a)a Hi+o:iro
$i)ed &>@4 to &?0&'
Na+ami+ado9tenn8
-he &&4
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned &J&0 to &JB@'
"!4
Nakamura Ma*anao
Na+amura *asanao
aka akamura 4eiu'
$i)ed &>B2 to &>?&'
Na+ano #ei'o
$i)ed &>>: to &?4B'
Na+asone 5asu&iro
Prime <inister from 2: o)ember &?>2 to 2J #ecember &?>B, 2J #ecember
&?>B to 22 =u(y &?>:, and 22 =u(y &?>: to : o)ember &?>J' ;ep(aced by
-akeshita oboru 7pg AAA9'
Na+ayama *i+i
$i)ed &J?> to &>>J'
Namamu'i In%ident
Nanao. /attle of
Nara City
-he capita( city of ara Prefecture'
Nara&as&i @ataru
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
Shidehara Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 0? Dct &?4@ &B =an &?4:
Shidehara Chief of Cabinet Secretariat &B =an &?4: 22 <ay &?4:
Shidehara State 2: "eb &?4: 22 <ay &?4:
Table &3Cabinet Positions Held by Naahashi -atau
Nara refe%ture
0rea3 B,:?& km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 ara
Popu(ation3 &,440,000 7&??:9
"!5
Narinaga
Narina'a
$i)ed &B2@ to &BB>'
-he &&
th
and (ast 4amakura ShTgun'
;u(ed &BB4 to &BB>'
Son of the Pmperor Godaigo'
#eposed and ki((ed, a(ong *ith his brother, -sunenaga, in &BB>'
see a(so3
Godaigo-tennT 7pg' A9, 4amakura ShTgunate 7pg' A9,
Natsume #ose+i
aka atsume 4innosuke'
$i)ed &>:J to &?&:'
Nen'8
=apanese3
0 ca(endar system used in =apan to count years'
$ike simi(ar systems in Past 0sia, the era name system *as origina((y deri)ed
from Chinese ,mperia( practice, a(though the =apanese system is independent from
the Chinese or 4orean ca(endar systems' !n(ike other simi(ar systems, the
=apanese era name is sti(( in use' Go)ernment offices usua((y reHuire era names
and years for officia( papers'
Sometimes an era name is e.pressed *ith the first (etter of the romani5ed
name' "or e.amp(e, S@@ means Sho*a @@ years' 6ith :4 years, Sho*a is the
(ongest era'
*odern "ra Names
6ith the moderni5ation of =apan after the ascension of the <ei8i Pmperor and
no* under current =apanese (a* since &?J?, it has become practice to change era
names on(y upon occasion of imperia( succession' 0(so, the deceased emperor
*i(( thereafter be referred to as his corresponding era name posthumous(y' !nder
current (a*, on(y ma(es can assume the throne'
,n the =apanese (anguage, the current emperor on the throne is a(most a(*ays
referred to as -ennT Leika 7 , Lis <a8esty the Pmperor9 or rare(y and
(ess forma((y as 4in8T -ennT 7, current emperor9 and e)en more rare(y,
if e)er by his name 0kihito' -o ca(( the current emperor by the current era name
Leisei e)en in Png(ish *ou(d be a fau. pas as it is and *i(( be his posthumous
name'
"!6
Neng0
,n modern practice, the first year of a reign 7 gannen9 starts immediate(y
upon the emperorGs ascension to the throne, but a(*ays ends on #ecember B&st'
SubseHuent years fo((o* the 6estern ca(endar' ConseHuent(y, &?>? is kno*n as
both 1Sho*a :42 and 1Leisei &2, a(though technica((y Sho*a :4 ended on =an-
uary Jth *ith LirohitoGs death'
Histori% "ra Names
Listorica((y ho*e)er, prior to the <ei8i ;estoration, era names *ere changed on
many different occasions such as ce(ebration, ma8or po(itica( incidents, natura(
disasters, and so on, but the emperors posthumous name ne)er took the name of
an era' ,ncidenta((y, on modern officia( papers, those *ho *ere born prior to the
<ei8i era did not *rite the era name in *hich they born, but *rote Pdo period
7though no* no one born o)er &B0 years ago in that time period is sti(( a(i)e
no*9'
Mo-i!ie- !rom the Aikipe-ia article a&ailable at (,?E./ C4/C:)C
httpCJJwww.wikipe-ia.orgJwJwiki.phtmlKtitleL9apane*eM/raMName*
#ee Also
Chrono(ogica( $ist of engT 7pg B2@9
Ne) #tru%ture *o4ement
Ni%&iren
$i)ed &222 to &2>2
-he founder of a sect of /uddhism'
Ni%&ir89#ens8
See ;usso-=apanese 6ar on page AAA'
Nii'ata City
-he capita( of iigata Prefecture'
Nii'ata refe%ture
0rea3 &2,@>2 km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 iigata
Popu(ation3 2,4?0,000 7&??:9
Nii:ima Co
$i)ed &>4B to &>?0'
"!7
Ni@0+tenn0
Ni:89tenn8
-he J>
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned &&@> to &&:@'
"ather of ;oku8T-tennT 7pg' A9'
Nimmy89tenn8
-he @4
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned >BB to >@0'
Nimpei
engT3 &&@&--&&@B'
aka impyT'
Nine9o)ers Treaty
-reaty negotiated by "rance, Great /ritain, =apan, and the !nited States 7and the
other four *ereVV9 at the 6ashington a)a( Conference of &?2&-&?22'
-he ine-Po*ers -reaty confirmed the 1Dpen #oor2 po(icy in China'
#ee Also
Nin:i
engT3 &240--&242'
Nin:u
engT3 >@&-->@B'
Nin+en9tenn8
-he 24
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned 4>> to 4?>'
Nin+89tenn8
-he &20
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed 2& "eb &>00 to 2: =an &>4:'
;eigned 22 <arch &>&J to 2: =an &>4:'
"!8
Ninnan
Ninnan
aka inGan'
engT3 &&::--&&:>'
Ninna
aka in*a'
engT3 >>@-->>>'
Ninomiya #onto+u
$i)ed &J>J to &>@:
Ninto+u9tenn8
-he &:
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned B&B to B??'
Nis&i Amane
$i)ed &>2? to &>?J'
Nis&ida 7itaro
$i)ed &>J0 to &?4@'
Nis&ida *itsu'u
aka ishida Rei
aka ishida Chikara
$i)ed &?0& to &?BJ
Nis&i&ara Eoans
Nis&imura #&i'e+i
$i)ed &>2> to &?02'
Nis&io #ue&iro
/orn &>?&'
Cabinet Positions Le(d by ishio Suehiro
4atayama Chief of Cabinet Secretariat 0& =une &?4J &0 <ar &?4>
"!
Ni*hio 1uehiro
4atayama State3 6ithout Portfo(io 0& =une &?4J &0 <ar &?4>
0shida State3 6ithout Portfo(io &0 <ar &?4> 0: =u(y &?4>
Table &4Cabinet Positions Held by Nishio #uehio
Niss&in9#ens8
See Sino-=apanese 6ar on page AAA'
Nitobe Ina-o
$i)ed &>:2 to &?BB'
Nitta Family
#aimyT fami(y descended from <inamoto Eoshishige and nati)e to itta in
4T5uke Pro)ince'
Noda Castle
,n <ika*a, origina((y contro((ed by the Suganuma fami(y'
-he cast(e *as beseiged in &@JB by the forces of -akeda Shingen' ,t *as at that
seige that Shingen *as morta((y *ounded by a sniperGs bu((et'
Noda. #ei'e of
-ook p(ace in &@JB'
-akeda Shingen 7pg AAA9 (aid seige to the cast(e 7contro((ed by V9' Shingen
*as hit by a sniperGs bu((et and died 7ho* muchV9 (ater' Lis army *ithdre* but his
death *as kept secret for t*o years'
Noda =i%&i
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
B
rd
Eoshida Construction
B
rd
Eoshida State3 #irector 0dministrati)e <an-
agement 0gency
VV State3 #irector ;eparations 0gency
Table &"Cabinet Positions Held by Noda +ichi
""#
No-a Etar0
Noda =tar8
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
Lara Communications 2? Sep &?&> &B o) &?2&
-akahashi Communications &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
&
st
4atT -akaaki Commerce W ,ndustry &J 0pr &?2@ 02 0ug &?2@
Table &$Cabinet Positions Held by Noda +ta
No'i *aresu+e
aka ogi 4itenV
$i)ed && o)' &>4? to &B Sept' &?&2'
Samurai from ChTshX' Sided *ith the anti-/akufu forces and 8oined the ne*
,mperia( 0rmy after the fa(( of the -okuga*a /akufu' "ought in the Sino-
=apanese 6ar of &>?4-?@ and *as in charge of the forces that took Port 0rthur in
the ;usso-=apanese 6ar of &?04-&?0@' ,n bet*een those *ars, from &>?: to
&>?>, <aresuke ser)ed as go)ernor-genera( of "ormosa'
Le ki((ed himse(f to fo((o* his (ord C the Pmperor <ei8i C in death' Lis 7<are-
sukeGs9 *ife a(so ki((ed herse(f as an act of (oya(ty'
Noma #ei:i
$i)ed &>J> to &?B>
Nosa+a #an-o
/orn &>?2'
Noto eninsula
aka oto-hanto 7hanto being =apanese for Gha(f-is(andG and thus, peninsu(a in Pn-
g(ish9 0 peninsu(a in ,shika*a Prefecture 7pg' A9 that 8uts out into the Sea of
=apan'
Noto ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today ,shika*a Prefecture' oto bordered on PtchX
and 4aga Pro)inces'
see a(so3
,shika*a Prefecture 7pg' A9,
""!
Noto %ro&ince
oto Peninsu(a 7pg' A9,
Numa *ori+a-u
$i)ed &>44 to &>?0'
Nunobeyama. /attle of
Jan , 6-u 5asu:iro
Jan
engT of the orthern #ynasty3 &B:>--&BJ4'
6bon
see /on on page AA'
6bu%&i 7ei-8
Prime <inister from B0 =u(y &??> to @ 0pri( 2000' ;ep(aced by <ori Eoshiro
7pg AAA9' #ied of a stroke *hi(e in office, so the date abo)e might be off by a
fe* days'
J%&8
engT3 &B&&--&B&&'
6da C&i+a-ane
Son of -aira Sukemori'
-ook the name Dda from the to*n in Pchi5en Pro)ince'
6da Family
#aimyT fami(y descended from -aira Sukemori' Dda Chika5ane *as the first to
take the name KDdaG' Drigina((y ser)ed the Shiba fami(y and mo)ed *ith them
from Pchi5en to D*ari'
6da Hide+atsu
$i)ed &@:J to &@?B'
6da Hidenobu
$i)ed &@>& to &:02'
"""
?-a 4i-eo
6da Hideo
aka Dda Lidekatsu'
$i)ed &@JB to &:&0'
6da 7atsuna'a
$i)ed &@:> to &@>2'
6da Na'amasu
$i)ed &@4> to &:22'
/rother of Dda obunaga' Con)erted to Christianity in &@>>'
"ather of agamasa and -oshimasa'
0ccomp(ished practitioner of the tea ceremony, *hich he studied under the
master, Sen no ;ikyX' agamasa e)entua((y started his o*n schoo( of the tea cer-
emony 7and its name isV9'
6dani. #ei'e of
-ook p(ace in &@JB'
Dda obunaga took Ddani cast(e from 0sai agamasa' agamasa committed
suicide' -his *as effecti)e(y the end of the 0sai fami(y'
see a(so3
0sai agamasa 7pg' A9,
6da Nobu&aru
$i)ed &@4? to &@J0'
6da Nobu&ide
#ied &@4?'
6da Nobu&iro
#ied &@J4'
6da Nobu+ane
$i)ed &@4> to &:&4'
6da Nobuna'a
$i)ed &@B4 to &@>2'
""3
?-a Nobuo
6da Nobuo
$i)ed &@@> to &:B0'
6da Nobutada
$i)ed &@@J to &@>2'
6da Nobuta+a
$i)ed &@@> to &@>B
6da Nobuyu+i
#ied &@@J'
6da Nobu-umi
$i)ed &@@@ to &@>B'
Jei
engT3 &B?4--&42J'
6'asa)ara Na'atada
6'ata 78an
$i)ed &>&0 to &>:B'
6'ata Ta+etora
$i)ed &>>> to &?@:'
Cabinet ositions
4oiso State 22 =u(y &?44 0J 0pr &?4@
Ligashikuni Chief of Cabinet Secretariat &J 0ug &?4@ 0? Dct &?4@
Ligashikuni State &J 0ug &?4@ 0? Dct &?4@
Table &%Cabinet Positions Held by :,ata Taketoa
6'a 5as&iro
0 traitor *ho offered to (et -akeda 4atsuyori into the -okuga*a-contro((ed cas-
t(e at Dka5aki'
J'ima%&i9tenn8
-he &0:
th
emperor of =apan'
""4
>gimachi+tenn0
;eigned &@@J to &@>:'
6'y> #orai
$i)ed &: "eb' &::: to &? =an' &J2>'
0 Confucianist of the kogaku schoo('
6&ara *a'osabur8
$i)ed 2> =u(y &>>0 to &> =an' &?4B'
ati)e of Dkayama'
0 businessman and phi(anthropist'
6&ara Naos&i
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
Dkada =ustice 0> =u(y &?B4 0? <ar &?B:
0be Lome 0ffairs B0 0ug &?B? &: =an &?40
0be 6e(fare B0 0ug &?B? 2? o) &?B?
Table &&Cabinet Positions Held by :haa Naoshi
J&i+o
0 son of 4Tgen-tennT 7pg &:09'
J&ira *asayos&i
$i)ed &?&0 to &?>0'
Prime <inister from J #ecember &?J> to ? o)ember &?J? and ? o)ember
&?J? to &> =u(y &?>0'
J&8
engT3 &&:&--&&:2'
6i 7entaro
$i)ed &>4B to &?22'
6is&i 5os&i
aka Dishi 4uranosuke'
""5
?i*hi 5o*hi
$i)ed &:@? to &J0B'
Jita City
-he capita( city of Sita Prefecture'
Jita refe%ture
0rea3 :,BBJ km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 Sita
Popu(ation3 &,240,000 7&??:9
J:in9tenn8
-he &@
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned 2J0 to B&0'
6+abe Na'anori
6+ada 7eisu+e
$i)ed 2& =an &>:> to &J Dct &?@2
Cabinet ositions
-anaka G' a)y 20 0pr &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
SaitT a)y 2: <ay &?B2 =an 0? &?BB
Dkada Co(oni5ation 0> =u(y &?B4 2@ Dct &?B4
Dkada Prime <inister 0> =u(y &?B4 0? <ar &?B:
Dkada Communications Sep 0? &?B@ &2 Sep &?B@
Table &*Cabinet Positions Held by :kada Keisuke
Cabinet
Dkada 4eisuke Prime <inister > =u(y &?B4 ? <ar &?B:
Eama5aki -atsunosuke 0gricu(ture and "orestry > =u(y &?B4 ? <ar &?B:
4a*ada ,sao Chief of Cabinet Secretariat > =u(y &?B4 20 Dct &?B4
Eoshida Shigeru Chief of Cabinet Secretariat 20 Dct &?B4 && <ay &?B@
Shirane -akesuke Chief of Cabinet Secretariat && <ay &?B@ ? <ar &?B:
4anamori -oku8irT Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau > =u(y &?B4 && =an &?B:
Shashi LachirT Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau && =an &?B: ? <ar &?B:
""6
?ka-a :ei*uke
Dkada 4eisuke Co(oni5ation > =u(y &?B4 2@ Dct &?B4
4odama Lideo Co(oni5ation 2@ Dct &?B4 ? <ar &?B:
<achida ChX8i Commerce and ,ndustry > =u(y &?B4 ? <ar &?B:
-okonami -ake8irT Communications > =u(y &?B4 > Sep &?B@
Dkada 4eisuke Communications ? Sep &?B@ &2 Sep &?B@
<ochi5uke 4eisuke Communications &2 Sep &?B@ ? <ar &?B:
<atsuda Gen8i Pducation > =u(y &?B4 & "eb &?B:
4a*asaki -akukichi Pducation 2 "eb &?B: ? <ar &?B:
"u8ii Sanenobu "inance > =u(y &?B4 2: o) &?B4
<achida ChX8i "inance 2J "eb &?B: ? <ar &?B:
-akahashi 4orekiyo "inance 2J o) &?B4 2: "eb &?B:
Lirota 4Tki "oreign 0ffairs > =u(y &?B4 ? <ar &?B:
GotT "umio Lome 0ffairs > =u(y &?B4 ? <ar &?B:
Dhara aoshi =ustice > =u(y &?B4 ? <ar &?B:
Ssumi <ineo a)y > =u(y &?B4 ? <ar &?B:
!chida 4Tsai ;ai(*ays > =u(y &?B4 ? <ar &?B:
Layashi Sen8XrT 6ar > =u(y &?B4 @ Sep &?B@
4a*ashima Eoshiyuki 6ar @ Sep &?B@ ? <ar &?B:
Table *3:kada Keisuke's Cabinet
6+ada !y8&ei
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
-erauchi Pducation 0? Dct &?&: 2? Sep &?&>
&
st
4atT -akaaki Pducation && =une &?24 02 0ug &?2@
2
nd
4atT -akaaki Pducation 02 0ug &?2@ B0 =an &?2:
&
st
6akatsuki Pducation B0 =an &?2: 20 0pr &?2J
Table *1Cabinet Positions Held by :kada Ayhei
6+a+ura Tens&in
aka Dkakura 4aku5o
$i)ed &>:2 to &?&B
""7
?kano :ei@ir0
6+ano 7ei:ir8
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
&
st
Saion8i Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 0J =an &?0: &4 =u(y &?0>
2
nd
Saion8i Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau B0 0ug &?&& 2& #ec &?&2
&
st
Eamamoto Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 20 "eb &?&B 20 Sep &?&B
4atT -omosaburT =ustice &2 =une &?22 02 Sep &?2B
2
nd
Eamamoto Pducation Sep 0: &?2B 0J =an &?24
2
nd
Eamamoto 0gricu(ture W Commerce 24 #ec &?2B 0J =an &?24
Table *2Cabinet Positions Held by :kano Kei9i
6+a)a #&umei
$i)ed &>>: to &?@J'
6+ayama City
-he capita( of Dkayama Prefecture'
6+ayama refe%ture
0rea3 J,&&& km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 Dkayama
Popu(ation3 &,?@0,000 7&??:9
6+a-a+i Castle
,n <ika*a' /ui(t in the &400s' -okuga*a ,eyasu *as born there in &@42'
6+e&a-ama. /attle of
-ook p(ace in &@:0'
Dda obunaga defeated ,maga*a Eoshimoto' obunaga (aunched a surprise
attack on Eoshimoto' -hanks in part to a sudden rainstorm, the attack *as a com-
p(ete success' Eoshimoto and many of his top officers *ere ki((ed'
see a(so3
""8
>ki /nkichi
J+i "n+i%&i
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
Lara =ustice &@ <ay &?20 &B o) &?2&
-akahashi =ustice &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
4atT -omosaburT ;ai(*ays &2 =une &?22 02 Sep &?2B
Table *3Cabinet Positions Held by Bki Cnkichi
6+ina)a. /attle of
6+ina)a refe%ture
0rea3 2,2:: km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 aha
Popu(ation3 &,2?0,000 7&??:9
Dkina*a consists of more than @0 is(ands of the ;yXkX chain' -he is(ands
*ere a semi-independent kingdom for much of their recorded history and officia(-
(y became a part of =apan on(y in &?20'
-he is(ands are strategica((y (ocated off the south*est of the main is(and of
4yXshX'
-he is(and of Dkina*a 7the main is(and of the prefecture9 *as the scene of an
important batt(e in 6or(d 6ar -*o'
6+ina)ate. /attle of
6+i ro4in%e
0 group of is(ands off the coast of ,5umo and LTki Pro)inces 7today Shimane
and -ottori Prefectures9' -oday the is(ands are part of Shimane Prefecture'
see a(so3
LTki Pro)ince 7pg' A9, ,5umo Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Shimane Prefecture 7pg' A9,
-ottori Prefecture 7pg' A9,
J+i Ta+at8
$i)ed &>B2 to &>??'
""
>ki )akat0
Cabinet ositions
&
st
Eamagata Lanretsu 24 #ec &>>? 0: <ay &>?&
&
st
Eamagata =ustice 2@ #ec &>?0 0J "eb &>?&
&
st
<atsukata Pducation 0& =une &>?& 0> 0ug &>?2
Table *4Cabinet Positions Held by Bki Takat
J+8%&i Castle
6+ubo Tos&imi%&i
$i)ed &>B0 to &>J>'
6+udaira Family
"rom <ika*a' #escended from the <urakami branch of the <inamoto fami(y'
6+udaira #adamasa
$i)ed &@@@--&:&@'
-he Dkudaira fami(y *ere origina((y retainers of the -okuga*a, but *ere
forced to 8oin -akeda Shingen' 0fter Shingen died and 4atsuyori assumed (eader-
ship of the -akeda c(an, Dkudaira Sadamasa *a(ked his men right out of -sukude
cast(e and re8oined the -okuga*a' 4atsuyori had SadamasaGs *ife and brother ---
hostages to the -akeda --- crucified for this'
,eyasu accepted Sadamasa back and entrusted him *ith the defense of a-
gashino cast(e'
See a(so3
agashino, /att(e of 7pg' A9, agashino Cast(e 7pg' A9, Dkudaira "ami(y 7pg'
A9, -akeda "ami(y 7pg' A9, -akeda 4atsuyori 7pg' A9, -akeda Shingen 7pg' A9,
-okuga*a "ami(y 7pg' A9, -okuga*a ,eyasu 7pg' A9,
6+uda 5os&indo
$i)ed
"3#
?ku-a 5o*hin-o
Cabinet ositions
4
th
,tT Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau &? Dct &?00 02 =une &?0&
&
st
4atsura Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 02 =une &?0& 2: Sep &?02
&
st
Eamamoto Pducation 20 "eb &?&B 0: <ar &?&4
&
st
Eamamoto =ustice && o) &?&B &: 0pr &?&4
Table *"Cabinet Positions Held by :kuda @oshindo
6+uma 7i&a%&iro
$i)ed &>BJ to &?2>
J+uma #&i'enobu
$i)ed &: "eb &>B> to &0 =an &?22'
Cabinet ositions
&
st
,tT "oreign 0ffairs & "eb &>>> B0 0pr &>>>
4uroda "oreign 0ffairs B0 0pr &>>> 24 #ec &>>?
2
nd
<atsukata "oreign 0ffairs 22 Sep &>?: : o) &>?J
2
nd
<atsukata 0gricu(ture W Commerce 2? <ar &>?J : o) &>?J
&
st
Skuma Prime <inister B0 =une &>?> > o) &>?>
&
st
Skuma "oreign 0ffairs B0 =une &>?> > o) &>?>
2
nd
Skuma Lome 0ffairs &: 0pri( &?&4 J =an &?&@
2
nd
Skuma Prime <inister &: 0pri( &?&4 ? Dct &?&:
2
nd
Skuma Lome 0ffairs B0 =u(y &?&@ &0 0ug &?&@
2
nd
Skuma "oreign 0ffairs &0 0ug &?&@ &B Dct &?&@
Table *$Cabinet Positions Held by Bku.a #hi,enobu
First Cabinet
Skuma Shigenobu Prime <inister B0 =une &>?> > o) &>?>
Sishi <asami 0gricu(ture W Commerce B0 =une &>?> > o) &>?>
-aketomi -okitoshi Chief of Cabinet Secretariat B0 =une &>?> > o) &>?>
4Tmuchi -omotsune Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau B0 =une &>?> > o) &>?>
Layashi Euu5T Communications B0 =une &>?> > o) &>?>
D5aki Eukio Pducation B0 =une &>?> 2J Dct &>?>
"3!
>kuma 1higenobu
<atsuda <asahisa "inance B0 =une &>?> > o) &>?>
Skuma Shigenobu "oreign 0ffairs B0 =une &>?> > o) &>?>
,tagaki -aisuke Lome 0ffairs B0 =une &>?> > o) &>?>
#aitT Gitetsu =ustice B0 =une &>?> > o) &>?>
SaigT -sugumichi a)y B0 =une &>?> > o) &>?>
4atsura -arT 6ar B0 =une &>?> > o) &>?>
Table *%Bku.a #hi,enobu's >ist Cabinet
Skuma ShigenobuGs Second Cabinet
Skuma Shigenobu Prime <inister &: 0pri( &?&4 ? Dct &?&:
Sura 4anetake 0gricu(ture W Commerce &: 0pri( &?&4 J =an &?&@
Dka ,chinosuke 0rmy &: 0pri( &?&4 B0 <ar &?&:
Pgi -asuku Chief of Cabinet Secretariat &: 0pri( &?&4 ? Dct &?&:
-akahashi Sakue Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau &: 0pri( &?&4 ? Dct &?&:
-aketomi -okitoshi Communications &: 0pri( &?&4 &0 0ug &?&@
,chiki 4itokurT Pducation &: 0pri( &?&4 &0 0ug &?&@
6akatsuki ;ei8irT "inance &: 0pri( &?&4 &0 0ug &?&@
4atT -akaaki "oreign 0ffairs &: 0pri( &?&4 &0 0ug &?&@
Skuma Shigenobu Lome 0ffairs &: 0pri( &?&4 J =an &?&@
D5aki Eukio =ustice &: 0pri( &?&4 ? Dct &?&:
Easuhiro ;okurT a)y &: 0pri( &?&4 &0 0ug &?&@
Table *&Bku.a #hi,enobu's #econd Cabinet
Jmi ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today Shiga Prefecture' Smi bordered on Pchi5en,
,se, <ino, -amba 78ust bare(y9, 6akasa, and Eamashiro Pro)inces'
Domains
Stsu 7:0,000 koku93 4yTgoku -akatsugu recei)ed from -oyotomi
Lideyoshi 7*hat yearV9'
"3"
>mi %ro&ince
#ee Also
Pchi5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9, ,se Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4yTgoku -akatsugu 7pg' A9,
<ino Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Shiga Prefecture 7pg' A9, -amba Pro)ince 7pg' A9, -oy-
otomi Lideyoshi 7pg' A9, 6akasa Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Eamashiro Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
6mote9+8+e
6mura *asa:iro
$i)ed &>24 to &>:?'
Jnin
engT3 &4:J--&4:>'
Jnin @ar
6nin no ran in =apanese'
6no A-usa
$i)ed &>@2 to &>>:'
6no'a)a
0 ri)er in /ungo Pro)ince'
Jsa+a Castle
Jsa+a City
-he capita( of Ssaka Prefecture'
Jsa+a refe%ture
0 fu and not a ken'
0rea3 &,>?2 km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 Ssaka
Popu(ation3 >,@?0,000 7&??:9
Jsa+a. #ei'e of
$asted &:&4--&:&@'
-oyotomi Lideyori *as in Ssaka Cast(e *ith &&B,000' Dutside, the -okuga*a
army numbered about &?4,000 men' -hey fought se)era( batt(es, starting *ith one
in &:&4 at the mouth of the 4i5uga*a, and ending *hen LideyoriGs forces at-
tacked those of the -okuga*a at the /att(e of -ennT8i, in &:&@'
"33
>*aka, 1eige o!
see a(so3
-oyotomi Lideyori 7pg' A9,
Ssaka Cast(e 7pg' A9,
4i5uga*a, /att(e of 7pg' A9,
-ennT8i, /att(e of 7pg' A9,
Jsa)a Family
Jsu'i #a+ae
$i)ed &>>@ to &?2B'
0narchist' 4i((ed after the Great 4anto ParthHuake of &?2B'
Lad a re(ationship *ith ,tT oe'
#ee Also
0narchism 7pg' 249
Great 4anto ParthHuake 7pg' ?>9, ,tT oe 7pg' &B29,
Jsumi ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today 4agoshima Prefecture' Ssumi bordered on
LyXga and Satsuma Pro)inces'
see a(so3
LyXga Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4agoshima Prefecture 7pg' A9, Satsuma Pro)ince 7pg'
A9
Jto+u
engT3 &0>4--&0>:'
Jtomo Family
6tsu City
-he capita( of Shiga Prefecture 7pg AA9'
Jtsu. #ei'e of
-ook p(ace in &:00'
4yTgoku -akatsugu defended Stsu cast(e for the -okuga*a' -achibana
<uneshige and -sukushi Lirokado (aid seige' -he sides negotiated and -akatsugu
"34
>t*u, 1eige o!
surrendered' Lo*e)er, in the meantime -okuga*a ,eyasu had *on the /att(e of
Sekigahara and the (oss of Stsu *as insignificant'
#ee Also
4yTgoku -akatsugu 7pg' A9, -achibana <uneshige 7pg' A9, -sukushi Lirokado
7pg' A9, -okuga*a ,eyasu 7pg' A9,
Ju%&i 5os&ita+a
Jura 7aneta+e
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
&
st
4atsura Communications 22 Sep &?0B 0J =an &?0:
2
nd
4atsura 0gricu(ture W Commerce &4 =u(y &?0> 2: <ar &?&0
2
nd
4atsura 0gricu(ture W Commerce 0B Sep &?&0 B0 0ug &?&&
B
rd
4atsura Lome 0ffairs 2& #ec &?&2 20 "eb &?&B
2
nd
Skuma 0gricu(ture W Commerce &: 0pr &?&4 0J =an &?&@
2
nd
Skuma Lome 0ffairs 0J =an &?&@ B0 =u(y &?&@
Table **Cabinet Positions Held by Bua Kanetake
6)ari ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today 0ichi Prefecture' D*ari bordered on ,se,
<ika*a, and <ino Pro)inces'
#ee Also
0ichi Prefecture 7pg' A9, ,se Pro)ince 7pg' A9, <ika*a Pro)ince 7pg' A9, <ino
Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
J)a
engT3 ?:&--?:B'
6yama I+uo
$i)ed &>>0 to &?@@'
Jyama I)ao
$i)ed &>42 to &?&:
Cabinet Positions Le(d by Syama ,*ao
"35
>yama 8wao
Cabinet Position "rom -o
&st ,tT 6ar 22 #ec &>>@ B0 0pr &>>>
&st ,tT a)y =u(y &0 &>>: =u(y 0& &>>J
4urota 6ar B0 0pr &>>> 24 #ec &>>?
4urota Pducation "eb &: &>>? 22 <ar &>>?
&
st
Eamagata 6ar 24 #ec &>>? 0: <ay &>?&
&
st
<atsukata 6ar 0: <ay &>?& &J <ay &>?&
2
nd
,tT 6ar 0> 0ug &>?2 0? Dct &>?4
2
nd
,tT 6ar 2: <ay &>?@ &> Sep &>?:
2
nd
<atsukata 6ar &> Sep &>?: 20 Sep &>?@
Table 133Cabinet Positions Held by Bya.a ;1ao
6yama9:in:a
0 shrine in 4ana5a*a, ,shika*a Prefecture' ,t is famous for its #utch stained-
g(ass *indo*, *hich dates back se)era( hundred years'
#ee Also
4ana5a*a City 7pg' A9, ,shika*a Prefecture 7pg' A9,
6-a+i Hotsumi
$i)ed &?0& to &?44'
6-a+i 5u+io
$i)ed &>@? to &?@4'
6-u 5asu:iro
$i)ed &?0B to &?:B'
a%ifi% @ar , ri4y Coun%il
a%ifi% @ar
ar+es. Harry
$i)ed &>2> to &>>@'
/ritish #ip(omat
"36
%arke*, 4arry
0rri)ed in =apan in &>:@' 6as friend(y to*ard the /akufuGs ri)a(s and had
some inf(uence in the <ei8i go)ernment as a resu(t' Parkes *orked in =apan unti(
&>>B, *hen he *as posted to China'
ea%e reser4ation Ea)
earl Harbor. /ombin' of
Dccurred J #ec' &?4& 0merican time 7> #ec' =apan time9'
erry. *att&e) C.
$i)ed &J?4 to &>@>' ,s credited by 0mericans and some others *ith opening
=apan to the *or(d and thereby ending the =apanese period of nationa( iso(ation
kno*n as sakoku'
oliti%al Crisis of 0AA0
oliti%al arties
ortsmout& Treaty
!'S' President -heodore ;oose)e(t hosted negotiations bet*een =apan and ;us-
sia at Portsmouth, e* Lampshire, in 0ugust &?0@' -he purpose *as to end the
;usso-=apanese 6ar, in *hich =apan *as the c(ear )ictor but a(so in no state to
continue fighting' 4omura =XtarT and Sergei 6itte finished negotiations on @
September' =apan gained a (ot from the treaty, but not near(y as much as the
=apanese pub(ic had been (ed to e.pect' -he resu(t at home *as the Libuya riots
and the co((apse of 4atsura -arTGs Cabinet on J =anuary &?0:'
see a(so3
;usso-=apanese 6ar 7pg' A9,
4omura =XtarT 7pg' A9,
6itte, Sergei 7pg' A9,
4atsura -arT 7pg' A9,
Libuya ;iots 7pg' A9,
refe%tures
0n administrati)e di)ision, simi(ar to 0merican states or Canadian pro)inces'
-hey are ca((ed ken in =apanese' -here are a(so a fe* specia( administati)e units
simi(ar to ken but gi)en different names3 there is one dT 7LokkaidT, pg' AA9,
one tT 7-TkyT-tT, pg' AA the capita( of =apan9, and t*o fu, 74yoto-fu pg' AA
and Ssaka-fu pg' AA9' Co((ecti)e(y the =apanese refer to these as the tT-dT-fu-
ken and there are 4J a(( together'
"37
%re!ecture*
-his encyc(opedia treats a(( four di)isions as KprefectureG in Png(ish' -hus, Ssa-
ka-fu is (ocated on page AAA as Ssaka Prefecture'
-here is a comp(ete (isting of the prefectures, their area, capita(, and popu(ation
on page AAA'
ri4y Coun%il
(K( No "ntries$
othing here yet'
!an'a+u , !y>+y> ro4in%e
!an'a+u
see #utch $earning on page AAA'
!ed Fla' In%ident
Dccurred in &?0>'
!ei'en9tenn8
-he &&2
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed 2@ <ay &:@4 to : 0ug &JB2
;eigned 2: =an &::B to 2& <arch &:>J'
-he &?
th
son of Pmperor Gomi5unT 7pg' A9'
!ei+i
engT3 J&@--J&:'
!eis%&auer. "d)in 6ldfat&er
$i)ed &@ Dct &?&0 to & Sep &??0'
!ei-ei9tenn8
-he :B
rd
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed 2@ <ay ?@0 to 24 Dct &0&&'
;eigned 2@ <ay ?:J to &B 0ug ?:?'
Second son of Pmperor <urakami 7pg' A9'
"38
;ennyo
!ennyo
$i)ed 2@ "eb &4&@ to 2@ <arch &4??'
!ensai
See 0dachi <orinaga on page AAA'
!i%&ardson. C&arles
#ied in &>:2'
!i%&>9tenn8
-he &J
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned 400 to 40@'
!i++en Dos&i+ai
!i+u%&> ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today ,*ate Prefecture' ;ikuchX bordered on <ut-
su, ;iku5en, and !go Pro)inces'
see a(so3
,*ate Prefecture 7pg' A9,
;iku5en Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
!go Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
!i+u-en ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today <iyagi Prefecture' ;iku5en bordered on ,*a-
ki, ;ikuchX, !go, and !5en Pro)inces'
see a(so3
<iyagi Prefecture 7pg' A9,
;ikuchX Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
"3
;oche*, .eon
!o%&es. Eeon
$i)ed &>0? to &?0&'
;epresentati)e of the "rench go)ernment in =apan from &>:4 to &>:>'
-he "rench go)ernment took the side of the -okuga*a /akufu and thus *as not
rea( popu(ar in =apan after the <ei8i ;estoration'
!oesler. 7arl Friedri%& Hermann
$i)ed &> #ec' &>B4 to 2 #ec' &>?4'
6orked in =apan from &>J> to &>?B'
!o++a+u 5os&ita+a
#ied &@>&'
!o+u:89tenn8
-he J?
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed &4 o) &&:4 to &J =u(y &&J:'
;eigned 2@ =une &&:@ to &? "eb &&:>'
Son of i8T-tennT 7pg' A9'
!ono Fa%tion
!oot. "li&u
!usso9Capanese @ar
&?04 to &?0@'
Lo* did 0merica *in a *ar against the most po*erfu( country on Parth in
&J>&V -he co(onists *on because /ritain, in addition to being far a*ay from the
fighting, had g(oba( interests and enemies and thus cou(dnGt afford to concentrate
her po*er in any one region for fear of (osing another region'
=apanGs *ar *ith ;ussia *as simi(ar in many *ays' ,t *asnGt fought in =apan,
but in 4orea, much c(oser to =apan than to the Puropean end of ;ussia' 0(so,
*hi(e =apan *as re(ati)e(y free to thro* herse(f fu((y into the *ar, ;ussia fought
*ith one and a ha(f eyes on Germany, Png(and, and "rance' ,ndeed, Puropean
neutra(ity he(ped =apan by denying ;ussia access to ports and repair and supp(y
faci(ities in 0sia' -hus =apanGs sma(( si5e and re(ati)e *eakness *ere offset by
;ussiaGs distance and Puropean entang(ements' -he ;ussian bear, big though he
*as, fought *ith his c(a*s tied behind his back'
"4#
;u**o+9apane*e Aar
-his is not to do*np(ay the ski(( or determination of the members of the
=apanese 0rmy and a)y' 0(though they made their share of strategic and tactica(
mistakes, the 0rmy and a)y performed Huite professiona((y in their first *ar
against a Puropean po*er' !n(ike their beha)ior in 6or(d 6ar -*o, the =apanese
mi(itary is genera((y gi)en credit for fighting in the best tradition of Puropean
chi)a(ry'
;ight, so *hat *as the *ar about any*ayV ,t *as about *ho shou(d contro(
4orea' -he =apanese ha)e usua((y )ie*ed 4orea as a dagger pointed right at =apan
and ha)e thus a(*ays preferred, if possib(e, to be the ones contro((ing it' "or ;us-
sia, the issues *ere (inked to the 0sian continenta( situation' ;ussia *anted to
protect its rai(*ays and its access to ice-free ports' %(adi)ostok *as ;ussiaGs main
port in 0sia, and a(though there *ere great hopes for Port 0rthur, there *as not
time before the *ar to prepare it' %(adi)ostok *as too far a*ay and too far north
to ha)e much inf(uence in China, thus the need for a better port further south'
0dditiona((y, as an up-and-coming po*er, =apan *as no (onger gi)en a free
ride on the internationa( scene' She had become a member of the ba(ance-of-po*-
er c(ub and ;ussia *anted to e.tend its o*n interests in ortheast 0sia in order to
(imit the po*er of one of Png(andGs a((ies'
-he *ar itse(f *as messy and cost(y, both in terms of money and (i)es' -he
=apanese siege of Port 0rthur foreshado*ed the sickening death to((s of the "irst
6or(d 6ar 7and probab(y cou(d ha)e been forseen by students of 0mericaGs Ci)i(
6ar9' 0t home such sacrifice seemed *orth*hi(e on(y if the payoff *as eHua((y
(arge' e*spapers in =apan began specu(ating on more and more outrageous out-
comes for the *ar, such as taking the ;ussian Pacific coast inc(uding %(adi)ostok
or a(( the ;ussian contro((ed areas north of China' =apanese ne*spapers specu(at-
ed in this reck(ess fashion part(y at the behest of the go)ernment' -his *as the
e)er popu(ar de)ice of channe(ing domestic discontent into foreign *ars and it a(-
most backfired *hen the -reaty of Portsmouth *as signed, ending the *ar'
<any =apanese *ere unhappy *ith the terms because they had no rea(istic no-
tion of ho* much the *ar *as costing their country' P)en though the =apanese
a)y assured a =apanese )ictory by annihi(ating the ;ussian /a(tic "(eet at the fa-
mous /att(e of -sushima, ;ussia cou(d theoretica((y ha)e pro(onged the ground
*ar (ong enough to serious(y damage =apanGs economy, not to mention ki(( off
(arge numbers of her young men' #oing so ho*e)er, *ou(d ha)e *eakened ;us-
sia 8ust as much and un(ike =apan, ;ussia had (and borders in Purope to *orry
about' 6hen President -heodore ;oose)e(t suggested peace ta(ks, both sides *ere
Huite *i((ing to negotiate'
6hat *as the outcomeV "or the first time in se)era( hundred years, a 6estern
country had been humb(ed by a non-6estern one' Granted, the *inner *as the
most *esterni5ed country in 0sia and the (oser *as the (east 6estern of the Puro-
pean po*ers, the fact remained that a sma(( 0sian country had bested a (arge Pu-
ropean one' So *hatV ,t demonstrated in (i)ing co(or to the entire *or(d that 6est-
ern po*er and hegemony *as not due to racia(, re(igious, nor e)en entire(y cu(tur-
a( reasons' 6estern po*er *as based on science, techno(ogy, and ad)anced po(iti-
"4!
;u**o+9apane*e Aar
ca( and business methods, and by adopting and app(ying these methods =apan had
sho*n the *or(d that anyone cou(d achie)e the same resu(ts as the 6est'
!ya+unin
engT3 &2B>--&2B>'
!ya+u8
engT3 &BB>--&B4& 7nengo of the northern dynasty9'
!y>+y> ro4in%e
-he ;yXkyX ,s(ands *ere a semi-independent kingdom, caught bet*een China
and =apan' -he Chinese go)ernment )ie*ed them as a tributary state 7and there-
fore theoretica((y shou(d come to their aid if necessary9' 0 &:0? e.pedition 7from
4yXshXV9 captured the is(and of Dkina*a and from then on, the kings of the
;yXkyXs sent tribute to both China and the =apanese 7*hoV SatsumaV9'
,n &>J?, the <ei8i go)ernment announced the anne.ation of the ;yXkyXs' Chi-
na ob8ected and the e.-President of the !nited States !'S' Grant *as asked to ar-
bitrate' Le decided that =apanGs c(aim to the is(ands *as stronger and ru(ed in
=apanGs fa)or'
-oday the ;yXkyX is(ands are co((ecti)e(y Dkina*a Prefecture' -here are a
host of prob(ems arising from the ;yXkyXGs (ess than comp(ete(y =apanese history'
Some peop(e 7a sma(( number perhaps9 fee( that peop(e from Dkina*a Prefecture
are not 1rea(2 =apanese' 0(so, some nati)es of the ;yXkyXs c(aim that the centra(
go)ernment is discriminating against them by a((o*ing so many 0merican so(-
diers to be stationed in Dkina*a, a far higher percentage than are stationed any-
*here e(se in =apan'
<any popu(ar singers and musica( groups come from Dkina*a Prefecture'
-hese inc(ude 7among many others9 singer 0muro amie and the group #a
Pump'
#ado ro4in%e , #u-u+i Len+8
#ado ro4in%e
0n is(and off the coast of iigata Prefecture 7or in the past, Pchigo Pro)ince9'
-oday the is(and is part of iigata Prefecture'
7#oub(e check, *as the is(and rea((y a separate pro)ince or a specia( regionV9
#a'a City
-he capita( of Saga Prefecture'
"4"
1agami %ro&ince
#a'ami ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today 4anaga*a Prefecture' Sagami bordered on
,5u, 4ai, <usashi and Suruga Pro)inces'
see a(so3
,5u Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
4ai Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
4anaga*a Prefecture 7pg' A9,
<usashi Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
#a'a refe%ture
0rea3 2,4B? km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 Saga
Popu(ation3 >?0,000 7&??:9
#a'a !ebellion
#a'a9tenn8
-he @2
nd
emperor of =apan'
;eigned >0? to >2B'
#ai%&o
$i)ed J:J to >22'
#ai'o Ta+amori
$i)ed &>2> to &>JJ'
#ai'8 Tsu'umi%&i
$i)ed &>4B to &?02'
Cabinet ositions
&
st
,tT a)y 22 #ec &>>@ &0 =u(y &>>:
&
st
,tT a)y 0& =u(y &>>J B0 0pr &>>>
4urota a)y B0 0pr &>>> 24 #ec &>>?
&
st
Eamagata a)y 24 #ec &>>? &J <ay &>?0
"43
1aig0 )*ugumichi
&
st
Eamagata Lome 0ffairs &J <ay &>?0 0: <ay &>?&
&
st
<atsukata Lome 0ffairs 0: <ay &>?& 0& =une &>?&
2
nd
,tT a)y && <ar &>?B &> Sep &>?:
2
nd
,tT 6ar 0? Dct &>?4 0J <ar &>?@
2
nd
,tT 6ar 2> 0pr &>?@ 0> <ay &>?@
2
nd
<atsukata a)y &> Sep &>?: &2 =an &>?>
B
rd
,tT a)y &2 =an &>?> B0 =une &>?>
&
st
Skuma a)y B0 =une &>?> 0> o) &>?>
2
nd
Eamagata Lome 0ffairs 0> o) &>?> &? Dct &?00
Table 131Cabinet Positions Held by #ai, Tsu,u.ichi
#ai+8
engT3 >@4-->@:'
#aimei9tenn8
0n empress' -he BJ
th
ru(er of =apan'
;eigned :@@ to ::&'
#aion:i 7inmo%&i
$i)ed &>4? to &?40'
Prime <inister from J =anuary &?0: to &4 =u(y &?0> and B0 0ugust &?&& to
&?&2'
Cabinet ositions
2
nd
,tT Pducation 0B Dct &>?4 &> Sep &>?:
2
nd
,tT "oreign 0ffairs 0@ =une &>?@ 0B 0pr &>?:
2
nd
,tT "oreign 0ffairs B0 <ay &>?: &> Sep &>?:
2
nd
<atsukata Pducation &> Sep &>?: 2> Sep &>?:
2
nd
<atsukata "oreign 0ffairs &> Sep &>?: 22 Sep &>?:
B
rd
,tT Pducation &2 =an &>?> B0 0pr &>?>
4
th
,tT Lanretsu &? Dct &?00 02 =une &?0&
4
th
,tT "inance <ay &4 &?0& 02 =une &?0&
&
st
Saion8i Pducation 0J =an &?0: 2J <ar &?0:
&
st
Saion8i Prime <inister 0J =an &?0: &4 =u(y &?0>
&
st
Saion8i "oreign 0ffairs <ar 0B &?0: &? <ay &?0:
"44
1aion@i :inmochi
&
st
Saion8i "oreign 0ffairs B0 0ug &?0: &> Sep &?0:
2
nd
Saion8i Prime <inister B0 0ug &?&& 2& #ec &?&2
Table 132Cabinet Positions Held by #aion9i Kin.ochi
First Cabinet
Saion8i 4inmochi Prime <inister 0J =an &?0: &4 =u(y &?0>
<atsuoka Easutake 0gricu(ture and Commerce 0J =an &?0: &4 =u(y &?0>
,shi*atari /inGichi Chief of Cabinet Secretariat 0J =an &?0: 04 =an &?0>
<inami Liroshi Chief of Cabinet Secretariat 04 =an &?0> &4 =u(y &?0>
Dkano 4ei8irT Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 0J =an &?0: &4 =u(y &?0>
Eamagata ,saburT Communications 0J =an &?0: &4 =an &?0>
Lara 4ei Communications &4 =an &?0> 2@ <ar &?0>
Lotta <asayasu Communications 2@ <ar &?0> &4 =u(y &?0>
Saion8i 4inmochi Pducation 0J =an &?0: 2J <ar &?0:
<akino obuaki Pducation 2J <ar &?0: &4 =u(y &?0>
Sakatani Eoshio "inance 0J =an &?0: &4 =an &?0>
<atsuda <asahisa "inance &4 =an &?0> &4 =u(y &?0>
4atT -akaaki "oreign 0ffairs 0J =an &?0: 0B <ar &?0:
Saion8i 4inmochi "oreign 0ffairs 0B <ar &?0: &? <ay &?0:
Layashi -adasu "oreign 0ffairs &? <ay &?0: B0 0ug &?0:
Saion8i 4inmochi "oreign 0ffairs B0 0ug &?0: &> Sep &?0:
Layashi -adasu "oreign 0ffairs &> Sep &?0: &4 =u(y &?0>
Lara 4ei Lome 0ffairs 0J =an &?0: &4 =u(y &?0>
<atsuda <asahisa =ustice 0J =an &?0: 2@ <ar &?0>
Senke -akatomi =ustice 2@ <ar &?0> &4 =u(y &?0>
SaitT <akoto a)y 0J =an &?0: &4 =u(y &?0>
-erauchi <asatake 6ar 0J =an &?0: &4 =u(y &?0>
Table 133#aion9i Kin.ochi's >ist Cabinet
#e%ond Cabinet
Saion8i 4inmochi Prime <inister B0 0ug &?&& 2& #ec &?&2
<akino obuaki 0gricu(ture and Commerce B0 0ug &?&& 2& #ec &?&2
<inami Liroshi Chief of Cabinet Secretariat B0 0ug &?&& 2& #ec &?&2
"45
1aion@i :inmochi
Dkano 4ei8irT Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau B0 0ug &?&& 2& #ec &?&2
Layashi -adasu Communications B0 0ug &?&& 2& #ec &?&2
Laseba Sumitaka Pducation B0 0ug &?&& 2& #ec &?&2
Eamamoto -atsuo "inance B0 0ug &?&& 2& #ec &?&2
!chida 4Tsai "oreign 0ffairs B0 0ug &?&& 2& #ec &?&2
Lara 4ei Lome 0ffairs B0 0ug &?&& 2& #ec &?&2
<atsuda <asahisa =ustice B0 0ug &?&& 2& #ec &?&2
SaitT <akoto a)y B0 0ug &?&& 2& #ec &?&2
,shimoto Shinroku 6ar B0 0ug &?&& 02 0pr &?&2
!ehara Euusaku 6ar 0@ 0pr &?&2 2& #ec &?&2
Table 134#aion9i Kin.ochi's #econd Cabinet
#aitama refe%ture
0rea3 B,J?J km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 !ra*a
Popu(ation3 :,J20,000 7&??:9
#ait8 *a+oto
$i)ed &>@> to &?B:'
Prime <inister from 2: <ay &?B2 to > =u(y &?B4'
Cabinet ositions
&
st
Saion8i a)y 0J =an &?0: &4 =u(y &?0>
2
nd
4atsura a)y &4 =u(y &?0> B0 0ug &?&&
2
nd
Saion8i a)y B0 0ug &?&& 2& #ec &?&2
B
rd
4atsura a)y 2& #ec &?&2 20 "eb &?&B
&
st
Eamamoto a)y 20 "eb &?&B &: 0pr &?&4
SaitT "oreign 0ffairs 2: <ay &?B2 0: =u(y &?B2
SaitT Prime <inister 2: <ay &?B2 0> =u(y &?B4
SaitT Pducation <ar 0B &?B4 0> =u(y &?B4
Table 13"Cabinet Positions Held by #ait ?akoto
"46
1ait0 Makoto
Cabinet
SaitT <akoto Prime <inister 2: <ay &?B2 0> =u(y &?B4
GotT "umio 0gricu(ture and "orestry 2: <ay &?B2 0> =u(y &?B4
Shibata Ren5aburT Chief of Cabinet Secretariat 2: <ay &?B2 &B <ar &?BB
Lorikiri Ren8irT Chief of Cabinet Secretariat &B <ar &?BB 0> =u(y &?B4
Lorikiri Ren8irT Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 2: <ay &?B2 &B <ar &?BB
4urosaki -ei5T Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau &B <ar &?BB 0> =u(y &?B4
agai ;yuutarT Co(oni5ation 2: <ay &?B2 0> =u(y &?B4
aka8ima 4umakichi Commerce and ,ndustry 2: <ay &?B2 0? "eb &?B4
<atsumoto =T8i Commerce and ,ndustry 0? "eb &?B4 0> =u(y &?B4
<inami Liroshi Communications 2: <ay &?B2 0> =u(y &?B4
Latoyama ,chirT Pducation 2: <ay &?B2 0B <ar &?B4
SaitT <akoto Pducation 0B <ar &?B4 0> =u(y &?B4
-akahashi 4orekiyo "inance 2: <ay &?B2 0> =u(y &?B4
SaitT <akoto "oreign 0ffairs 2: <ay &?B2 0: =u(y &?B2
!chida 4Tsai "oreign 0ffairs 0: =u(y &?B2 &4 Sep &?BB
Lirota 4Tki "oreign 0ffairs &4 Sep &?BB 0> =u(y &?B4
Eamamoto -atsuo Lome 0ffairs 2: <ay &?B2 0> =u(y &?B4
4oyama <atsukichi =ustice 2: <ay &?B2 0> =u(y &?B4
Dkada 4eisuke a)y 2: <ay &?B2 0? =an &?BB
Ssumi <ineo a)y 0? =an &?BB 0> =u(y &?B4
<itsuchi Chuu5T ;ai(*ays 2: <ay &?B2 0> =u(y &?B4
0raki Sadao 6ar 2: <ay &?B2 2B =an &?B4
Layashi Sen8uurT 6ar 2B =an &?B4 0> =u(y &?B4
Table 13$#ait ?akoto's Cabinet
#ait8 Ta+ao
$i)ed &>J0 to &?4?'
Po(itician'
Cabinet ositions
2
nd
6akatsuki Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 0? o) &?B& &B #ec &?B&
&
st
Eoshida State3 6ithout Portfo(io 22 <ay &?4: 2> o) &?4:
"47
1ait0 )akao
&
st
Eoshida State3 President of 0dministrati)e
<anagement /ureau
2> o) &?4: 24 <ay &?4J
4atayama State3 President of 0dministrati)e
<anagement /ureau
24 <ay &?4J &0 <ar &?4>
Table 13%Cabinet Positions Held by #ait Takao
#ait8 Tatsuo+i
$i)ed &@4> to &4 0ug &@JB'
Son of SaitT Eoshitatsu'
$ost to Dda obunaga in &@:4' 7*hereV9 Sur)i)ed, but the SaitT fami(y *ere no
(onger p(ayers in the Sengoku *ars'
#a+ai Tadatsu'u
#a+ai Tos&i&i+o
$i)ed &>J& to &?BB'
#a+amoto. /attle of
#a+amoto !yoma
$i)ed &>B@ to &>:J'
#a+uma *orimasa
$i)ed &@@4 to &@>B'
0 retainer of Shibata 4atsuie' <orimasa beat akaga*a 4iyohide at the /att(e
of Shi5ugatake 7&@>B9 but persued his )ictory too far' Lis forces *ere surprised
and crushed by reinforcements sent by -oyotomi Lideyoshi' <orimasa f(ed but
*as captured and beheaded'
-he (oss *as so se)ere that Shibata 4atsuie committed suicide'
7todo3 doub(e check a(( these entries, add detai(s, and make them consistent'9
see a(so3
akaga*a 4iyohide 7pg' A9, Shibata 4atsuie 7pg' A9, Shi5ugatake, /att(e of 7pg'
A9, -oyotomi Lideyoshi 7pg' A9,
"48
1akuma Mori*hige
#a+uma *oris&i'e
#a+uma #&8-an
aka Sakuma Ro5an 7RT5anV9'
$i)ed 2> "eb' &>&& to && =u(y &>:4'
4no*(edgab(e on na)a( and coasta( defence issues' ,mprisoned by the -oku-
ga*a /akufu from &>@4 to &>:2' 0d)ocated opening =apanese ports to foreign
traders'
0ssassinated for his opinions by some radica( anti-foreign samurai'
#a+ura+ai
#a+urama%&i9tenn8
-he &&@
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned &JB@ to &J4J'
#a+urau%&i 5u+io
Po(itician'
Cabinet ositions
2
nd
6akatsuki Commerce W ,ndustry &4 0pr &?B& &B #ec &?B&
Liranuma 0gricu(ture W "orestry 0@ =an &?B? B0 0ug &?B?
Eonai "inance &: =an &?40 22 =u(y &?40
Table 13&Cabinet Positions Held by #akuauchi @ukio
#anada *asayu+i
$i)ed &@44 7&@4JV9 to &:0> 74 =une &:&&V9'
Son of Sanada Eukitaka'
Drigina((y ser)ed the -akeda' "ought against -okuga*a ,eyasu se)era( times'
Sided against ,eyasu at the /att(e of Sekigahara but had his son, obuyuki, fight
for ,eyasu' -hus, *hen the batt(e *ent in ,eyasuGs fa)or, <asayuki *as sa)ed
from death by his sonGs inf(uence' ,nstead of death, <asayuki *as banished to 4u-
doyama in 4ii Pro)ince'
#ee Also
4ii Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Sanada obuyuki 7pg' A9, Sanada Eukitaka 7pg' A9, Seki-
gahara, /att(e of 7pg' A9, -akeda "ami(y 7pg' A9, -okuga*a ,eyasu 7pg' A9,
"4
1ana-a Nobuyuki
#anada Nobuyu+i
#anada 5u+imura
$i)ed &@J0 7&@:JV9 to J <ay &:&@'
"ought against the -okuga*a at the /att(e of Sekigahara and again at the Seige
of Ssaka Cast(e'
#anada 5u+ita+a
#an:o #anetomi
$i)ed &>BJ to &>?&'
#an:89tenn8
-he :J
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned &0&& to &0&:'
#ano *anabu
$i)ed &>?2 to &?@B'
#ano Tsunetami
$i)ed &>2B to &?02'
#anu+i ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today 4aga*a Prefecture on Shikoku'
Sanuki bordered on 0*a and ,yo Pro)inces'
see a(so3
,yo Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
4aga*a Prefecture 7pg' A9,
Shikoku 7pg' A9,
#apporo City
-he capita( of LokkaidT Prefecture 7pg AAA9'
"5#
1a*aki Family
#asa+i Family
#asamori Cun-8
Po(itician'
Cabinet Positions Le(d by Sasamori =un5T
4atayama State3 President of the #emobi(iti5ation
0gency
24 <ay &?4J &@ Dct &?4J
4atayama State3 6ithout Portfo(io &@ Dct &?4J 0& "eb &?4>
4atayama State3 President of the ;eparations 0gency 0& "eb &?4> &0 <ar &?4>
Table 13*Cabinet Positions Held by #asa.oi 6unz
#at8 "isa+u
$i)ed &?0& to &?J@'
Prime <inister from ? o)ember &?:4 to &J "ebruary &?:J, &J "ebruary &?:J
to &4 =anuary &?J0, and &4 =anuary &?J0 to J =u(y &?J2'
Cabinet ositions
2
nd
Eoshida Chief of Cabinet Secretariat &@ Dct &?4> &: "eb &?4?
B
rd
Eoshida Posts
B
rd
Eoshida -e(ecommunications
Table 113Cabinet Positions Held by #at Cisaku
First Cabinet
SatT Pisaku Prime <inister ? o) &?:4 &J "eb &?:J
Table 111#at Cisaku's >ist Cabinet
#e%ond Cabinet
SatT Pisaku Prime <inister ? o) &?:4 &J "eb &?:J
Table 112#at Cisaku's #econd Cabinet
#ato). "rnest *.
$i)ed B0 =une &>4B to 2: 0ug' &?2?'
"5!
1atow, /rne*t M.
/ritish #ip(omat and author'
6rote ' ' '
#atsuma9&an
#atsuma ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today 4agoshima Prefecture on 4yXshX' Satsuma
bordered on Ligo, LyXga, and Ssumi Pro)inces'
#ee Also
Ligo Pro)ince 7pg' A9, LXyuga Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4agoshima Prefecture 7pg' A9,
4yXshX 7pg' A9, Ssumi Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
#eimu9tenn8
-he &B
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned &B& to &?0'
#einei9tenn8
-he 22
nd
emperor of =apan'
;eigned 4>0 to 4>4'
#ei #&8na'on
#ates unkno*nV
#aughter of 4iyo*ara <otosuke'
Court (ady at the time of Pmperor ,chi8T'
0uthor of !he 7illow $ook of Sei Sh&nagon, *hich is Makura no S&shi in
=apanese'
#eitos&a
#ei)a9tenn8
-he @:
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned >@> to >J:'
#e+i'a&ara. /attle of
&:00
-oyotomi Lideyoshi arranged for a counci( of fi)e of his most po*erfu( retain-
ers to ru(e =apan unti( his son *as o(d enough to ru(e by himse(f' Lis hope *as
"5"
1ekigahara, attle o!
that the fi)e daimyo *ou(d effecti)e(y ba(ance each other and pre)ent any one of
them from taking contro(' o such (uck' -he daimyo Huick(y prepared for *ar C
most of them opting to 8oin an anti--okuga*a coa(ition' -okuga*a ,eyasu *as the
strongest of the daimyo' 0pparent(y he did not acti)e(y seek to bring his enemies
to batt(e, but *hen they thre* do*n the gaunt(et, he did not mind a chance to
fight'
-hat chance came at Sekigahara in *hat is no* Gifu Prefecture' 0(though the
batt(e *as c(ose, in the end -okuga*a ,eyasu and his a((ies *on a decisi)e )icto-
ry'
%astern &rmy 'estern &rmy
-okuga*a ,eyasu B0,000 <ori -erumoto 0
Londa -adakatsu @00 ,shida <itsunari 4,000
Losoga*a -adaoki @,000 Shima Sakon 7&0009
,i aomasa B,:00 Gamon /itchX 7&0009
<atsudaira -adayoshi B,000 0ka5a aoyasu :00
-sutsui Sadatsugu 2,>@0 ChTsokabe <orichika :,:00
0rima -oyou8i ?00 4ikka*a Liroie B,000
0sano Eukinaga :,@&0 <Tri Lidemoto &@,000
"ukushima <asanori :,000 0nkoku8i Pkei &,>00
,keda -erumasa 4,@:0 4obayaka*a Lideaki &@,:00
,koma 4a5umasa &,>B0 4onishi Eukinaga 4,000
4anamori agachika &,&40 4uchiki <ototsuna :00
4ato Eoshiaki B,000 atsuka <asaie &,@00
4uroda agamasa @,400 Dga*a -suketada 2,&00
4yTgoku -akatomo B,000 Stani Eoshitsugu :00
Dda EXraku 4@0 Stani W 4inoshita B,@00
-anaka Eoshimasa B,000 Shima5u Eoshihiro &,@00
-era5a*a Lirotaka 2,400 -oda W Liratsuka &,@00
-TdT -akatora 2,4?0 -oyotomi ;etainers 2,000
Eoshida Shigekatsu &,200 !kita Lideie &J,000
6aki5aka Easuharo ??0
-ota(3 >>,>>> -ota(3 >&,>?0
Source3 MbryantN&??@O, page 2@
Table 113Cast and -est A.ies at #eki,ahaa
#ee Also
-oyotomi Lideyoshi 7pg' 2?:9, ,shida <itsunari 7pg' &2:9, -okuga*a ,eyasu
7pg' 2>?9
"53
1eki )akakazu
#e+i Ta+a+a-u
$i)ed &:40 to &J0>' 7check these9
#endai City
-he capita( of <iyagi Prefecture 7pg AAA9'
#en'o+u *itsu'u
Po(itician'
Cabinet ositions
&st 4atT -akaaki ;ai(*ays && =une &?24 02 0ug &?2@
2
nd
4atT -akaaki ;ai(*ays 02 0ug &?2@ B0 =an &?2:
&st 6akatsuki ;ai(*ays B0 =an &?2: 0B =une &?2:
Table 114Cabinet Positions Held by #en,oku ?itsu,u
#en'o+u eriod
-he Sengoku 8idai, kno*n in Png(ish as the Sengoku Period or 1*arring-states2
period, starts in &4:J *ith the 6nin no ran, 7Snin 6ar, &4:J-&4J>9 and ending in
&@:> *ith the 05uchi period, starting *ith Dda obunagaGs entrance into 4yoto'
-he end of the Sengoku 6arring States period is open to debate' -hree other
dates gi)en for the end of this period in the Listory of =apan are3
&' -he tota( unification of =apan in &@?0 by -oyotomi Lideyoshi' Lideyoshi de-
feated the (ater Lo8o c(an of Sagami pro)ince in the conHuest and siege of
Dda*ara 7Dda*ara Seibatsu9'
2' -he )ictory of -okuga*a ,eyasu o)er ,shida <itsunari in the /att(e of Sekiga-
hara in &:00'
B' -he estab(ishment of the -okuga*a Shogunate in &:0B by -okuga*a ,eyasu'
-he po*er of the centra( go)ernment, in the form of the 0shikaga Shogunate,
had dissipated, and (eading fami(ies throughout the (and took to armed conf(ict to
secure and e.pand their po*er' ,n some areas, monks and peasants affi(iated *ith
re(igious groups 7the ,kkT-,kki9 a(so competed against the martia( fami(ies'
-he absence of rea( centra( authority (asted unti(, by ski((fu( dip(omacy and
sho*manship -oyotomi Lideyoshi *as ab(e to (arge(y unify the country'
LideyoshiGs success *as possib(e (arge(y because Dda obunaga had scared the
daimyT into reconsidering their goa(s by sho*ing them the (ogica( conc(usion of
1e)ery man for himse(fGG' -hus, *hen Dda *as murdered and Lideyoshi assumed
contro(, the daimyT *ere not ad)erse to dip(omacy if that he(p them assure the
continuation of their fami(ies'
"54
1engoku %erio-
httpCJJwww.wikipe-ia.orgJwJwiki.phtmlKtitleL1engokuM%erio-
#en+a9tenn8
-he 2>
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned @B@ to @B?'
Sen no ;ikyu
$i)ed &@22 to &@?&'
#ettsu ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today LyTgo Prefecture' Settsu bordered on Lari-
ma, ,5umi, 4a*achi, -amba, and Eamashiro Pro)inces'
see a(so3
LyTgo Prefecture 7pg' A9,
4a*achi Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
-amba Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
#&a+aimins&uto
#&a+aitais&uto
#&ibata 7amon
Cabinet ositions
&st 4atsura Chief of Cabinet Secretariat 02 =une &?0& 0J =an &?0:
2
nd
4atsura Chief of Cabinet Secretariat &4 =u(y &?0> B0 0ug &?&&
B
rd
4atsura Pducation 2& #ec &?&2 20 "eb &?&B
Table 11"Cabinet Positions Held by #hibata Ka.on
#&ibata 7atsuie
$i)ed &@B0 to &@>B'
"55
1hibata :at*uie
Lis forces, under the (eadership of Sakuma <orimasa, beseiged akaga*a 4iy-
ohide at Shi5ugatake' Sakuma ignored ShibataGs orders and *as destroyed by
-oyotomi LideyoshiGs forces'
-he (oss *as so se)ere that Shibata 4atsuie committed suicide'
#ee Also
akaga*a 4iyohide 7pg' A9, -oyotomi Lideyoshi 7pg' A9, Sakuma <orimasa
7pg' A9, Shi5ugatake, /att(e of 7pg' A9,
#&ibusa)a "ii%&i
$i)ed &>4& to &?B&'
#&ide&ara 7i:>r8
$i)ed &>J2 to &?@&'
Prime <inister from ? Dctober &?4@ to 22 <ay &?4:'
Cabinet ositions
&
st
4atT -akaaki "oreign 0ffairs && =une &?24 02 0ug &?2@
2
nd
4atT -akaaki "oreign 0ffairs 02 0ug &?2@ B0 =an &?2:
&
st
6akatsuki "oreign 0ffairs B0 =an &?2: 20 0pr &?2J
Lamaguchi "oreign 0ffairs 02 =u(y &?2? &4 0pr &?B&
2
nd
6akatsuki "oreign 0ffairs &4 0pr &?B& &B #ec &?B&
Shidehara Prime <inister 0? Dct &?4@ 22 <ay &?4:
Shidehara "irst #emobi(i5ation #ec 0& &?4@ 22 <ay &?4:
Shidehara Second #emobi(i5ation #ec 0& &?4@ 22 <ay &?4:
&
st
Eoshida State3 6ithout Portfo(io 22 <ay &?4: =une &@ &?4:
&
st
Eoshida State3 President of the #emobi(iti-
5ation 0gency
=une &@ &?4: 24 <ay &?4J
Table 11$Cabinet Positions Held by #hidehaa Ki9<
Cabinet
Shidehara 4i8XrT Prime <inister 0? Dct &?4@ 22 <ay &?4:
<atsumura 4en5T 0gricu(ture and "orestry 0? Dct &?4@ &B =an &?4:
Soe8ima Senpachi 0gricu(ture and "orestry &B =an &?4: 22 <ay &?4:
-sugita #ai5aburT Chief of Cabinet Secretariat 0? Dct &?4@ &B =an &?4:
arahashi 6ataru Chief of Cabinet Secretariat &B =an &?4: 22 <ay &?4:
"56
1hi-ehara :i@6r0
arahashi 6ataru Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 0? Dct &?4@ &B =an &?4:
,shiguro -akeshige Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau &B =an &?4: &? <ar &?4?
,rie -oshirT Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau &? <ar &?4? 22 <ay &?4:
Dgasa*ara SankurT Commerce and ,ndustry 0? Dct &?4@ 22 <ay &?4:
<aeda -amon Pducation 0? Dct &?4@ &B =an &?4:
0be Eoshishige Pducation &B =an &?4: 22 <ay &?4:
Shibusa*a 4ei5T "inance 0? Dct &?4@ 22 <ay &?4:
Shidehara 4i8XrT "irst #emobi(i5ation 0& #ec &?4@ 22 <ay &?4:
Eoshida Shigeru "oreign 0ffairs 0? Dct &?4@ 22 <ay &?4:
Lorikiri Ren8irT Lome 0ffairs 0? Dct &?4@ &B =an &?4:
<itsuchi ChX5T Lome 0ffairs &B =an &?4: 22 <ay &?4:
,*ata ChX5T =ustice 0? Dct &?4@ 22 <ay &?4:
Eonai <itsumasa a)y 0? Dct &?4@ 0& #ec &?4@
Shidehara 4i8XrT Second #emobi(i5ation 0& #ec &?4@ 22 <ay &?4:
<atsumoto =T8i State 0? Dct &?4@ 22 <ay &?4:
4obayashi ,chi5T State B0 Dct &?4@ 0? <ar &?4:
-sugita #ai5aburT State &B =an &?4: 22 <ay &?4:
,shiguro -akeshige State 2: "eb &?4: 22 <ay &?4:
arahashi 6ataru State 2: "eb &?4: 22 <ay &?4:
-anaka -akeo -ransport 0? Dct &?4@ &B =an &?4:
<itsuchi ChX5T -ransport &B =an &?4: 2: =an &?4:
<urakami Giichi -ransport 2: =an &?4: 22 <ay &?4:
Shimomura Sadamu 6ar 0? Dct &?4@ 0& #ec &?4@
0shida Litoshi 6e(fare 0? Dct &?4@ 22 <ay &?4:
Table 11%#hidehaa Ki9<'s Cabinet
#&i'a Naoya
#&i'a refe%ture
0rea3 4,0&J km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 Stsu
Popu(ation3 &,2>0,000 7&??:9
#&i'emitsu *amoru
Po(itician'
"57
1higemit*u Mamoru
$i)ed &>>J to &?@J'
Cabinet ositions
-T8T "oreign 0ffairs 20 0pr &?4B 22 =u(y &?44
4oiso "oreign 0ffairs 22 =u(y &?44 0J 0pr &?4@
4oiso Greater Past 0sia 22 =u(y &?44 0J 0pr &?4@
Ligashikuni "oreign 0ffairs &J 0ug &?4@ &J Sep &?4@
Ligashikuni Greater Past 0sia &J 0ug &?4@ 2: 0ug &?4@
Table 11&Cabinet Positions Held by #hi,e.itsu ?a.ou
#&i:89tenn8
-he >J
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned &2B2 to &242'
#&i+o+u
Dne of the four main is(ands of =apan, Shikoku is separated from Lonshu by the
,n(and Sea' -here are four prefectures on Shikoku3 -okushima 7pg AAA9, 4a-
ga*a 7pg AAA9, Phime 7pg AAA9, and 4Tchi 7pg AAA9'
#&imabara !ebellion
0 rebe((ion in Shimabara' 7you ha)e a sense of humour, rightV9
#&imada #aburo
$i)ed &>@2 to &?2B'
#&imada Tos&io
Po(itician'
Cabinet Positions Le(d by Shimada -oshio
,nukai 7check dates9 Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau &B #ec &?B& 2: <ay &?B2
Lirota 0gricu(ture W "orestry 0? <ar &?B: 02 "eb &?BJ
Eonai 0gricu(ture W "orestry &: =an &?40 22 =u(y &?40
4oiso 0gricu(ture W Commerce 22 =u(y &?44 0J 0pr &?4@
Table 11*Cabinet Positions Held by #hi.ada Toshio
"58
1himane %re!ecture
#&imane refe%ture
0rea3 :,J0J km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 <atsue
Popu(ation3 JJ0,000 7&??:9
#&ima ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today <ie Prefecture' Shima bordered on 4ii
Pro)ince' ,t *as the sma((est of the pro)inces'
see a(so3
4ii Pro)ince 7pg' A9, <ie Prefecture 7pg' A9,
#&ima-a+i T8son
$i)ed
#&ima-u Hisamitsu
$i)ed &>&J to &>>J'
#&ima-u Naria+ira
$i)ed &>0? to &>@>'
#&ima-u Ta+a&isa
#&imonose+i. /ombardment of
,n reprisa( for ChTshX attacks on foreign ships, na)a( forces from four countries
7the !'S', Great /ritain, Lo((and, and "rance9 attacked forts in ChTshX' -hey
a(so (anded forces to comp(ete the destruction of the forts' ChTshX Huick(y made
peace'
7datesV9
see a(so3
ChTshX-han 7pg' A9,
#&im8sa ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today Chiba Prefecture' ShimTsa bordered on Li-
tachi, 4a5usa, 4T5uke, <usashi, and Shimotsuke Pro)inces'
see a(so3
"5
1him0*a %ro&ince
Chiba Prefecture 7pg' A9, Litachi Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4a5usa Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
4T5uke Pro)ince 7pg' A9, <usashi Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Shimotsuke Pro)ince 7pg'
A9
#&imotsu+e ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today -ochigi Prefecture' Shimotsuke bordered on
Litachi, ,*aki, ,*ashiro, 4T5uke, <usashi, and ShimTsa Pro)inces'
see a(so3
Litachi Pro)ince 7pg' A9, ,*aki Pro)ince 7pg' A9, ,*ashiro Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
4T5uke Pro)ince 7pg' A9, <usashi Pro)ince 7pg' A9, ShimTsa Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
-ochigi Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
#&imoyama #adanori
#ied &?4?'
#&impeitai In%ident
#&imura Doto
#&ina'a)a 5a:iro
$i)ed &>4B to &?00'
#&inano ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today agano Prefecture' Shinano bordered on
Pchigo, PtchX, Lida, 4ai, 4T5uke, <ika*a, <ino, <usashi, Suruga, and -TtT-
mi Pro)inces'
see a(so3
Pchigo Pro)ince 7pg' A9, PtchX Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Lida Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4ai
Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4T5uke Pro)ince 7pg' A9, <ika*a Pro)ince 7pg' A9, <ino
Pro)ince 7pg' A9, <usashi Pro)ince 7pg' A9, agano Prefecture 7pg' A9, Suruga
Pro)ince 7pg' A9, -TtTmi Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
#&inran
$i)ed &&JB to &2:2'
#&int8
ShintT 7meaning 16ay of the GodsGG9 is the nati)e re(igion of =apan' ,t is not so
much concerned *ith an after(ife as it is *ith this (ife' 0(though that may sound
simi(ar to Confucianism, they are in fact )ery different' ShintT e)o()ed from the
animistic, shamanistic ideas and practices of the stone age inhabitants 7and (ater
immigrants as *e((9 and stresses the importance of importance of nature and
"6#
1hint0
c(ean(iness' ,n contrast to the ru(es, ritua(s, and concern for propriety *hich char-
acteri5e Confucianism, 7and Christianity for that matter9 ShintT has no *e(( de-
)e(oped theo(ogy' ,t prefers that *e 8ust (i)e natura((y' -hus, *hat fe* ritua(s
there are *ith (ifeGs important e)ents - birth, marriage, har)ests, and the such'
6hen /uddhism *as introduced into =apan, it managed to coe.ist re(igious(y, if
not a(*ays po(itica((y, *ith ShintT because the =apanese sa* them as comp(e-
menting each other rather than competing *ith one another' ShintT is for this (ife
and /uddhism is for the ne.t' P)en today, *hen many =apanese today are about
as re(igious as many 0mericans -- that is, not )ery -- most =apanese get married
in ShintT ceremonies and buried 7*e((, cremated9 in /uddhist ones'
"or the record3 (ike most other peop(e on the p(anet, the ear(y =apanese be-
(ie)ed that there (and *as created by the gods and that they *ere therefore specia('
$ike many other societies, their ru(ers *ere considered descendants of those same
gods - the sun goddess in the case of =apan' !n(ike most other societies, ho*e)er,
the =apanese ne)er had to face the spectac(e of their semi-di)ine ru(er (osing the
kingdom to some barbarian horde' -hus, =apan *as ne)er gi)en a reason to doubt
the di)ine origin of their (and' Since it is a myth, and not a terrib(y interesting one
at that, and because , donGt kno* it that *e((, , *i(( not reproduce it here' -here
are t*o good books to read if you are interested in the ear(y =apanese )ersion of
ancient =apanese history' -he first is a(so the first e.tant =apanese book, the 4o8iki
7;ecord of 0ncient <atters9, dated J&2 0# and the other is the ihongi 7, donGt
remember9, dated J20 0#' -he dates on both books are mis(eading since they
*ere compi(ed from ora( sources and added to o)er hundreds of years' /oth ha)e
been trans(ated into Png(ish, so kno*(edge of ancient =apanese in not necessary'
#&iono #ue&i+o
Po(itician'
Cabinet ositions
Layashi =ustice 02 "eb &?BJ 04 =une &?BJ
&
st
4onoe =ustice 04 =une &?BJ 0@ =an &?B?
Liranuma Communications 0@ =an &?B? 0J 0pr &?B?
Liranuma =ustice 0@ =an &?B? B0 0ug &?B?
Table 123Cabinet Positions Held by #hiono #uehiko
#&ira+a)a9tenn8
-he J2
nd
emperor of =apan'
;eigned &0J2 to &0>:'
#&ito+u
engT of the orthern #ynasty3 &B>4--&B>:'
"6!
1hizugatake, attle o!
#&i-u'ata+e. /attle of
-ook p(ace in &@>B'
akaga*a 4iyohide he(d Shi5ugatake for -oyotomi Lideyoshi' Sakuma <ori-
masa attacked on orders from Shibata 4atsuie' akaga*a *as ki((ed, but the de-
fenders he(d' Lideyoshi came *ith reinforcements, catching the attackers by sur-
prise' SakumaGs forces *ere routed'
-he (oss *as so se)ere that 4atsuie committed suicide'
see a(so3
akaga*a 4iyohide 7pg' A9, -oyotomi Lideyoshi 7pg' A9, Sakuma <orimasa
7pg' A9, Shibata 4atsuie 7pg' A9,
#&i-uo+a City
-he capita( city of Shi5uoka Prefecture'
#&i-uo+a refe%ture
0rea3 J,JJ? km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 Shi5uoka
Popu(ation3 B,JB0,000 7&??:9
#&8an (0$
engT3 &&J&--&&J4'
#&8an (2$
engT3 &2??--&B0&'
#&8%&8
engT3 &42>--&42>'
#&8%&>
engT3 &B24--&B2@'
#&8'en
engT3 &2@?--&2@?'
#&8'un
-rans(ates as GGenera(G or G/arbarian-Subduing Genera((isimoG'
"6"
1h0gun
ShTgun is a mi(itary office dating to the >00s and origina((y meant something
(ike 1commander-in-chief'2 !sua((y, the shTgun *as appointed for a fi.ed term or
ob8ecti)e, after *hich a ne* man *as insta((ed or the post *as (eft )acant unti(
needed again'
D)er time, samurai fami(ies used the office of shTgun as a *ay of (egitimi5ing
themse()es and their ru(e of the country 1in the name of the Pmperor'2
-here are three ma8or periods of shTgun ru(e3
Page %ntry (egin %n#
4amakura ShTgunate &&?2 &BB>
0shikaga ShTgunate &BB> &@JB
-okuga*a ShTgunate &:0B &>:>
Table 121#h,unates
-he $ist of the ShTgun on page BBB (ists a(( the shTgun from each shTgunate,
a(ong *ith their re(e)ant dates'
#&8&ei
engT3 ?B&--?BJ'
aka ShThyT' aka =Thei'
#&8&ei
engT3 &B4:--&B:?'
aka ShThyT'
#&8&8
engT3 &:44--&:4J'
#&8:i
engT3 &&??--&200'
#&8+a
engT3 &2@J--&2@>'
#&8+89tenn8
-he &0&
st
emperor of =apan'
;eigned &4&2 to &42>'
"63
1h0ky6 Aar
#&8+y> @ar
0 ci)i( *ar / disturbance that occurred in &22&'
#&8mu9tenn8
-he 4@
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed J0& to J@:'
;eigned J24 to J4?'
#&8rya+u
engT3 ??0--??4'
#&8rya+u
engT3 &0JJ--&0>0'
aka =Treki'
#&8tai
engT3 >?>--?00'
#&88
engT3 &2>>--&2?2'
#&8to+u9tenn8
0n empress' -he 4>
th
ru(er of =apan'
$i)ed J&> to 4 0ug' JJ0'
;eigned ? Dct' J:4 to 4 0ug' JJ0'
Pre)ious(y had reigned as 4Tken-tennT 7pg' &:29, from 2 =u(y J4? to & 0ug'
J@>'
#&8to+u
engT3 &J&&--&J&@'
#&8)a (0$
engT3 >B4-->4J'
aka =T*a'
#&8)a (2$
engT3 &B&2--&B&:'
"64
1h0wa (')
#&8)a (3$
engT3 &?2:--&?>>'
#&8)a9tenn8
-he &24
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed &?0& to &?>?'
;eigned &?2: to &?>?'
#&u%&8
engT3 :>:--:>?'
#&urei9mon
Siberian ,nter)ention
Siebo(d, Phi(ipp "ran5 )on
$i)ed &J?: to &>::'
#ino9Capanese @ar (0AB390AB1$
-he first Sino-=apanese 6ar *as fought bet*een =apan and China during &>?4
and &>?@ primari(y o)er contro( of 4orea'
4orea 7under the Ei #ynasty9 had tradiona((y been a tributary state to China' ,n
&>J@ the _ing #ynasty of China had a((o*ed =apan to recognise 4orea as an inde-
pendent state' Lo*e)er China continued to try and assert inf(uence o)er 4orea
and there *as a sp(it in pub(ic opinion in 4orea, *ith conser)ati)es *anting to re-
tain a c(ose re(ationship *ith China, *hi(e reformists *anted 4orea to moderni5e,
and to ha)e a c(oser re(ationship to =apan' "o((o*ing the assassination of a pro-
=apanese reformist in &>?4, a 4orean re(igious sect, the -onghak, began a rebe(-
(ion' -he 4orean go)ernment reHuested he(p in putting it do*n from China'
Lo*e)er, *hen it did, the =apanese go)ernment sent an e.pedition in support
of the reformists, and sei5ed the roya( pa(ace in Seou( by =une >, &>?4' 6ar be-
t*een =apan and China *as officia((y dec(ared on 0ugust &, &>?4 though some
na)a( fighting had a(ready taken p(ace'
-he more modern =apanese army defeated the Chinese in a series of batt(es
around Seou( and Pyongyang forcing them north, and by o)ember 2& the
=apanese had taken Port 0rthur 7no* kno*n as $ushan9'
ChinaGs northern f(eet *as mau(ed by the =apanese na)y off the mouth of the
Ea(u ;i)er, (osing > out of &2 *arships, retreated behind the fortifications of the
6eihai*ei na)a( base, and *as then caught by a surprise =apanese (and attack
across the $iaodong Peninsu(a *hich shattered the ships in harbour *ith she((ing
"65
1ino+9apane*e Aar ("27$+"275)
from the (and*ard side' 0fter 6eihai*eiGs fa(( on "ebruary 2 and an easing in
harsh *inter conditions, =apanese troops pressed their ad)ance into <anchuria'
"aced *ith these repeated defeats China signed the -reaty of Shimonoseki in
0pri( &>?@'
-he defeat of China at the hands of =apan high(ighted the fai(ure of the Chinese
army to moderni5e adeHuate(y, and resu(ted in increased ca((s *ithin China for ac-
ce(erated moderni5ation and reform'
www.wikipe-ia.orgJwJwiki.phtmlKtitleL1ino+9apane*eMAarMN<2"27$+"275N<7
#o%ialism
#o%ialist *o4ement
#o%ialist #o%iety
#oe:ima Taneomi
$i)ed &>2> to &?0@'
#o'a no =ma+o
#ied :2:'
#8+a Da++ai
#one Arasu+e
Po(itician'
Cabinet ositions
B
rd
,tT =ustice &2 =an &>?> B0 =une &>?>
2
nd
Eamagata 0gricu(ture W Commerce 0> o) &>?> &? Dct &?00
&
st
4atsura "inance 02 =une &?0& 0J =an &?0:
&
st
4atsura "oreign 0ffairs 02 =une &?0& 2& Sep &?0&
&
st
4atsura Communications &J =u(y &?0B 22 Sep &?0B
Table 122Cabinet Positions Held by #one Aasuke
"66
1onn0 90i
#onn8 C8i
#or'e. !i%&ard
#tatisti%al 5earboo+ of Capan
#ue Haru+ata
#uematsu 7en%&8
Po(itician'
Cabinet ositions
2
nd
,tT Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 0> 0ug &>?2 &> Sep &>?:
B
rd
,tT Communications &2 =an &>?> B0 =une &>?>
4
th
,tT Lome 0ffairs &? Dct &?00 02 =une &?0&
Table 123Cabinet Positions Held by #ue.atsu Kench
#u'anuma *otonari
#u'a)ara no *i%&i-ane
$i)ed >4@ to ?0B'
#u'iyama Den
Cabinet ositions
Layashi 6ar 0? "eb &?BJ 04 =une &?BJ
&
st
4onoe 6ar 04 =une &?BJ 0B =une &?B>
4oiso 6ar 22 =u(y &?44 0J 0pr &?4@
Table 124Cabinet Positions Held by #u,iya.a 8en
#ui+o9tenn8
0n empress' -he BB
rd
ru(er of =apan'
;eigned @?2 to :2>'
#uinin9tenn8
-he &&
th
emperor of =apan'
"67
1uinin+tenn0
;eigned 2? /'C' to J0 0'#'
#ui-ei9tenn8
-he 2
nd
emperor of =apan'
;eigned @>& to @4? /'C'
#u:in9tenn8
-he &0
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned ?J to B0 /'C'
#umino Nao+o
-he second =apanese *oman to Hua(ify as an astronaut' -he first *as <ukai Chi-
aki 7pg AA9'
#u8 ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today Eamaguchi Prefecture' SuT bordered on 0ki,
,*ami, and agato Pro)inces'
see a(so3
0ki Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Eamaguchi Prefecture 7pg' A9,
#uru'a ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today Shi5uoka Prefecture' Suruga bordered on
,5u, 4ai, Sagami, Shinano, and -TtTmi Pro)inces'
see a(so3
,5u Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
4ai Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Shi5uoka Prefecture 7pg' A9,
-TtTmi Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
"68
1u*hun+tenn0
#us&un9tenn8
-he B2
nd
emperor of =apan'
;eigned @>J to @?2'
#uto+u9tenn8
-he J@
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned &&2B to &&4&'
#u-a+u9tenn8
-he :&
st
emperor of =apan'
;eigned ?B0 to ?4:'
#u-u+i /un:i
$i)ed &>>@ to &?4:'
#u-u+i 7antar8
$i)ed &>:> to &?4>'
Cabinet ositions
Su5uki 4' Greater Past 0sia 0J 0pr &?4@ 0? 0pr &?4@
Su5uki 4' Prime <inister 0J 0pr &?4@ 0? 0pr &?4@
Su5uki 4' "oreign 0ffairs 0? 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
Table 12"Cabinet Positions Held by #uzuki Kanta
Cabinet
Su5uki 4antarT Prime <inister 0J 0pr &?4@ 0? 0pr &?4@
,shiguro -adaatsu 0gricu(ture W Commerce 0J 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
Sakomi5u Lisatsune Chief of Cabinet Secretariat 0J 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
<urase aokai Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 0J 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
Sta 4T5T Pducation 0J 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
Lirose -oyosaku "inance 0J 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
-TgT Shigenori "oreign 0ffairs 0J 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
Su5uki 4antarT "oreign 0ffairs 0? 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
-TgT Shigenori Greater Past 0sia 0? 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
"6
1uzuki :antar0
Su5uki 4antarT Greater Past 0sia 0J 0pr &?4@ 0? 0pr &?4@
0be Genki Lome 0ffairs 0J 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
<atsu5aka Liromasa =ustice 0J 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
-oyoda -ei8irT <unitions 0J 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
Eonai <itsumasa a)y 0J 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
Sakurai LeigorT State 0J 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
Shimomura Liroshi State 0J 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
Sakon8i <asa5T State 0J 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
Easui -T8i State && 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
4obiyama aoto -ransport W Communications && 0pr &?4@ &? <ay &?4@
4obiyama aoto -ransport &? <ay &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
-oyoda -ei8irT -ransport W Communications 0J 0pr &?4@ && 0pr &?4@
0nami 4orechika 6ar 0J 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
Dkada -adahiko 6e(fare 0J 0pr &?4@ &J 0ug &?4@
Table 12$#uzuki Kanta's Cabinet
#u-u+i 7isabur8
7doub(e check dates of inukai cabinet and cabinet members9
Cabinet ositions
4iyoura =ustice 0J =an &?24 && =une &?24
-anaka G' Lome 0ffairs 20 0pr &?2J <ay 04 &?2>
,nukai =ustice &B #ec &?B& 2@ <ar &?B2
,nukai Lome 0ffairs 2@ <ar &?B2 2: <ay &?B2
Table 12%Cabinet Positions Held by #uzuki Kisabu
"7#
1uzuki 1higeru
#u-u+i #&i'eru
#u-u+i Teii%&i
Cabinet ositions
2
nd
4onoe <inister of State 04 0pr &?4& &> =u(y &?4&
B
rd
4onoe <inister of State &> =u(y &?4& &> Dct &?4&
-T8T State &> Dct &?4& 22 =u(y &?44
Table 12&Cabinet Positions Held by #uzuki Teiichi
#u-u+i 5os&io
Cabinet Positions Le(d by Su5uki Eoshio
4atayama =ustice 24 <ay &?4J &@ "eb &?4>
4atayama 0ttorney Genera( &@ "eb &?4> &0 <ar &?4>
0shida 0ttorney Genera( &0 <ar &?4> &@ Dct &?4>
Table 12*Cabinet Positions Held by #uzuki @oshio
#u-u+i Len+8
/orn &?&&'
Prime <inister from &> =u(y &?>0 to 2: o)ember &?>2'
Ta%&ibana *unes&i'e , T)enty96ne Demands
Ta%&ibana *unes&i'e
Taft. @illiam H.
Ta'u%&i =+i%&i
$i)ed &>@@ to &?0@'
Tai&8
engT3 J0&--J0B'
Tai+a
engT3 :4@--:4?'
"7!
)aira Family
Taira Family
Taira 7iyomori
$i)ed &&&> to &&>&'
Tairoo
Tais&8 Demo%ra%y
Tais&8 oliti%al Crisis
Tais&89tenn8
-he &2B
rd
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed &>J? to &?2:' ;eigned &?&2 to &?2:'
ot one of the more menta((y fit members of the imperia( (ine, possib(y the resu(t
of a chi(dhood i((ness'
Tais&8
engT3 &?&2--&?2@'
Tai)an
Taiy8
Ta:ima ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today LyTgo Prefecture' -a8ima bordered on Lari-
ma, ,naba, -amba, and -ango Pro)inces'
see a(so3
LyTgo Prefecture 7pg' A9,
,naba Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
-ango Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Ta+a&as&i 7ore+iyo
$i)ed &>@4 to &?B:'
Prime <inister from &B o)ember &?2& to &2 =une &?22'
"7"
)akaha*hi :orekiyo
Cabinet ositions
&st Eamamoto "inance 20 "eb &?&B &: 0pr &?&4
Lara "inance 2? Sep &?&> &B o) &?2&
-akahashi "inance &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
-akahashi Prime <inister &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
&st 4atT -akaaki 0gricu(ture W Commerce && =une &?24 0& 0pr &?2@
&st 4atT -akaaki =ustice 0@ "eb &?2@ 0? "eb &?2@
&st 4atT -akaaki 0gricu(ture W "orestry 0& 0pr &?2@ &J 0pr &?2@
&st 4atT -akaaki Commerce W ,ndustry 0& 0pr &?2@ &J 0pr &?2@
-anaka G' "inance 20 0pr &?2J 02 =une &?2J
,nukai 7Check dates9 "inance &B #ec &?B& 2: <ay &?B2
SaitT "inance 2: <ay &?B2 0> =u(y &?B4
Dkada "inance o) 2J &?B4 2: "eb &?B:
Table 133Cabinet Positions Held by Takahashi Koekiyo
-akahashi 4orekiyoGs Cabinet
-akahashi 4orekiyo Prime <inister &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
Eamamoto -atsuo 0gricu(ture W Commerce &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
<itsuchi ChX5T Chief of Cabinet Secretariat &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
Eokota Sennosuke Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau &B o) &?2& 2> <ar &?22
/aba Piichi Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 2> <ar &?22 &2 =une &?22
oda !tarT Communications &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
akahashi -okugorT Pducation &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
-akahashi 4orekiyo "inance &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
!chida 4Tsai "oreign 0ffairs &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
-okonami -ake8irT Lome 0ffairs &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
Ski Pnkichi =ustice &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
4atT -omosaburT a)y &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
<otoda La8ime ;ai(*ays &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
Eamanashi Lan5T 6ar &B o) &?2& &2 =une &?22
Table 131Takahashi Koekiyo's Cabinet
"73
)akahira
Ta+a&ira
Ta+a+ura9tenn8
-he >0
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned &&:> to &&>0'
Ta+amatsu City
-he capita( of 4aga*a Prefecture 7pg AA9'
Ta+amatsu. #ei'e of
-ook p(ace in &@>2'
Lideyoshi *as attacking the <Tri cast(e of -akamatsu *hen ne*s of Dda
obunagaGs murder reached him' Lideyoshi had a(ready di)erted a ri)er to f(ood
the cast(e and *hen he suggested a negotiated end to the seige the <Tri 7*ho
*ere una*are of DdaGs murder9 *ere *i((ing to (isten' -hey surrendered the cas-
t(e, freeing Lideyoshi to immediate(y (ea)e to pursue DdaGs assassin, 0kechi
<itsuhide'
see a(so3
<Tri "ami(y 7pg' A9,
Ta+ano C&8ei
$i)ed &>04 to &>@0'
aka -akayanagi ;yXnosuke
Studied #utch' Studied medicine under Eoshida ChTshuku'
6rote 8ume Monogatori and trans(ated se)era( Puropean *orks'
,mprisoned for his )ie*s 7as set forth in his book9 but escaped' 6ent to *ork
as a trans(ator for the daimyT of !*a8ima 7in ,yoV9'
#ied fighting the so(diers sent to take him into custody again'
"74
)akano Ch0ei
#ee Also
Ta+ano Fusataro
Ta+arabe Ta+es&i
Cabinet ositions
4atT -omosaburT a)y &@ <ay &?2B 02 Sep &?2B
2
nd
Eamamoto a)y 02 Sep &?2B 0J =an &?24
&st 4atT -akaaki a)y && =une &?24 02 0ug &?2@
2
nd
4atT -akaaki a)y 02 0ug &?2@ B0 =an &?2:
&st 6akatsuki a)y B0 =an &?2: 20 0pr &?2J
Lamaguchi a)y 02 =u(y &?2? 0B Dct &?B0
Table 132Cabinet Positions Held by Takaabe Takeshi
Ta+as&ima #&u&an
$i)ed &J?> to &>::'
Ta+as&ima Tomonosu+e
Cabinet ositions
&st <atsukata 6ar &J <ay &>?& 0> 0ug &>?2
2
nd
,tT Co(oni5ation 0> 0ug &>?2 &> Sep &>?:
2
nd
<atsukata Co(oni5ation &> Sep &>?: 02 Sep &>?J
2
nd
<atsukata 6ar 20 Sep &>?: &2 =an &>?>
Table 133Cabinet Positions Held by Takashi.a To.onosuke
Ta+asu'i #&insa+u
$i)ed &>B? to &>:J'
Ta+ata9&an
Ta+aten:in. #ei'e of (01I3$
-ook p(ace in &@J4'
Dgasa*ara agatada he(d the cast(e for the -okuga*a' -akeda 4atsuyori took it'
"75
)akaten@in, 1eige o! ("5($)
#ee Also
Dgasa*ara agatada 7pg' A9, -akeda 4atsuyori 7pg' A9
Ta+aten:in. #ei'e of (01A09901A0$
$asted &@>0--&@>&'
Dkabe aganori he(d the cast(e for the -akeda' Dda obunaga took it'
#ee Also
Dkabe aganori 7pg' A9, Dda obunaga 7pg' A9,
Ta+ayana'i !y>su+e
See -akano ChTei on page AAA
Ta+ebe 7ata&iro
$i)ed &::4 to &JB?'
Ta+e%&i Lui-an
$i)ed &>2? to &>:@'
Ta+eda Family
"ami(y of Sei*a Gen8i origin, descended from <inamoto Eoshimitsu'
Ta+eda Dii%&i
Cabinet Positions Le(d by -akeda Giichi
4atayama State3 6ithout Portfo(io 24 <ay &?4J 0J =an &?4>
4atayama State3 Chairman of the $oca( "inance
Committee
0& =an &?4> &0 <ar &?4>
0shida 6e(fare &0 <ar &?4> &@ Dct &?4>
Table 134Cabinet Positions Held by Takeda 8iichi
Ta+eda I-umo
Ta+eda 7atsuyori
$i)ed &@4: to &@>2'
Son of -akeda Shingen' "ather of -akeda obukatsu'
4atsuyori took charge of the fami(y after the death of his father'
"76
)ake-a :at*uyori
"ought -okuga*a ,eyasu at -akaten8in in &@J4 and at agashino in &@J@'
,ncurred the *rath of the LT8T fami(y by he(ping !esugi 4agekatsu against
!esugi 4agetora 7LT8T !8iyasuGs se)enth son, adopted by and heir to !esugi
4enshin9'
$ost 7to *homV9 at -akaten8in in &@>&' Lis forces *ere destroyed by the com-
bined armies of Dda obunaga and -okuga*a ,eyasu at -enmoku5an in &@>2, af-
ter *hich 4atsuyori and his son committed suicide'
#ee Also
LT8T "ami(y 7pg' A9, LT8T !8iyasu 7pg' A9, agashino, /att(e of 7pg' A9, Dda
obunaga 7pg' A9, -akaten8in, Siege of 7&@J49 7pg' A9, -akaten8in, Siege of
7&@>0--&@>&9 7pg' A9, -akeda Shingen 7pg' A9, -enmoku5an, /att(e of 7pg' A9,
-okuga*a ,eyasu 7pg' A9, !esugi 4agekatsu 7pg' A9, !esugi 4agetora 7pg' A9,
Ta+eda Nobutora
Ta+eda Nobutoyo
Ta+eda #&in'en
$i)ed &@2& to &@JB'
aka -akeda Larunobu' -ook the name Shingen in &@@&'
Son of -akeda obutora'
#efeated -okuga*a ,eyasu at the /att(e of <ikatagahara in &@J&'
#ied of a bu((et *ound recie)ed *hi(e his forces *ere beseiging oda Cast(e
in &@JB' 0t his reHuest, his fami(y kept his death secret for se)era( years'
Ta+emitsu Toru
$i)ed &?B0 to &??:'
Ta+es&ita Noboru
Prime <inister from : o)ember &?>J to 2 =une &?>?' ;ep(aced by !no Sosuke
7pg AAA9'
Ta+etomi To+itos&i
Cabinet Positions Le(d by -aketomi -okitoshi
&st Skuma Chief of Cabinet Secretariat B0 =une &>?> 0> o) &>?>
2
nd
Skuma Communications &: 0pr &?&4 &0 0ug &?&@
"77
)aketomi )okito*hi
2
nd
Skuma "inance &0 0ug &?&@ 0? Dct &?&:
Table 13"Cabinet Positions Held by Taketo.i Tokitoshi
Ta+i'a)a
Tale of Genji
0 book by <urasaki Shikibu 7pg 20B9' 4no*n as Geni Monogatori in =apanese'
Tamba ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today 4yTto Prefecture' -amba bordered on Lari-
ma, Smi, Settsu, -a8ima, -ango, 6akasa, and Eamashiro Pro)inces'
see a(so3
Larima Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4yTto Prefecture 7pg' A9, Smi Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Settsu
Pro)ince 7pg' A9, -a8ima Pro)ince 7pg' A9, -ango Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 6akasa
Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Eamashiro Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Tanabe Harumi%&i
$i)ed
Cabinet ositions
Liranuma Chief of Cabinet Secretariat 0@ =an &?B? 0J 0pr &?B?
Liranuma Communications 0J 0pr &?B? B0 0ug &?B?
B
rd
4onoe Lome 0ffairs &> =u(y &?4& &> Dct &?4&
Table 13$Cabinet Positions Held by Tanabe Hau.ichi
Tana+a Dii%&i
$i)ed &>:B to &?2?'
Prime <inister from 20 0pri( &?2J to 2 =u(y &?2?'
Cabinet ositions
Lara 6ar 2? Sep &?&> 0? =une &?2&
2
nd
Eamamoto 6ar 02 Sep &?2B 0J =an &?24
-anaka G' Co(oni5ation 20 0pr &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
-anaka G' "oreign 0ffairs 20 0pr &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
"78
)anaka 3iichi
-anaka G' Prime <inister 20 0pr &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
-anaka G' Lome 0ffairs 04 <ay &?2> 2B <ay &?2>
Table 13%Cabinet Positions Held by Tanaka 8iichi
Cabinet
-anaka Giichi Prime <inister 20 0pr &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
Eamamoto -ei8iroo 0gricu(ture W "orestry 20 0pr &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
Latoyama ,chiroo Chief of Cabinet Secretariat 20 0pr &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
<aeda Eone5oo Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 20 0pr &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
-anaka Giichi Co(oni5ation 20 0pr &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
akahashi -okugoroo Commerce W ,ndustry 20 0pr &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
<ochi5uke 4eisuke Communications 20 0pr &?2J 2B <ay &?2>
4uhara "usanosuke Communications 2B <ay &?2> 02 =u(y &?2?
<itsuchi Chuu5oo Pducation 20 0pr &?2J 02 =une &?2J
<i5uno ;entaroo Pducation 02 =une &?2J 2@ <ay &?2>
4atsuta 4a5ue Pducation 2@ <ay &?2> 02 =u(y &?2?
-akahashi 4orekiyo "inance 20 0pr &?2J 02 =une &?2J
<itsuchi Chuu5oo "inance 02 =une &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
-anaka Giichi "oreign 0ffairs 20 0pr &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
Su5uki 4isaburoo Lome 0ffairs 20 0pr &?2J 04 <ay &?2>
-anaka Giichi Lome 0ffairs 04 <ay &?2> 2B <ay &?2>
<ochi5uke 4eisuke Lome 0ffairs 2B <ay &?2> 02 =u(y &?2?
Lara Eoshimichi =ustice 20 0pr &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
Dkada 4eisuke a)y 20 0pr &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
Dga*a Leikichi ;ai(*ays 20 0pr &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
Shiraka*a Eoshinori 6ar 20 0pr &?2J 02 =u(y &?2?
Table 13&Tanaka 8iichi's Cabinet
Tana+a 7a+uei
/orn &?&>'
Prime <inister from J =u(y &?J2 to 22 #ecember &?J2 and 22 #ecember
&?J2 to ? #ecember &?J4'
"7
)anaka 1hozo
Tana+a #&o-o
$i)ed &>4& to &?&B'
Tan'o ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today 4yTto Prefecture' -ango bordered on -a8i-
ma, -amba, and 6akasa Pro)inces'
see a(so3
4yTto Prefecture 7pg' A9,
-a8ima Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
6akasa Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Tani 7an:o
$i)ed &>BJ to &?&&'
Taniyama9#&imura Con:e%ture
Taniyama 5uta+a
Tani-a+i Cuni%&ir8
$i)ed &>>: to &?:@'
0uthor'
<o)ed to 4yoto from -okyo after the Great 4anto ParthHuake of &?2B'
Lis *orks inc(ude3
Naomi 7&?2B9, Some 7refer Nettles 7&?2?9, #rrowroot 7&?B&9, #shikari 7&?B29,
# 7ortrait of Shunkin 7&?B29, !he Secret History of the +ord of Musashi 7&?B@9,
-he Makioka Sisters 7&?4B--&?4>9, 9uicksand 7=apanese3 Mani9 7&?4J9, %ap)
tain Shigemoto's Mother 7&?4?9, !he Key 7&?@:9, and Diary of an ,ld Man
7&?:&9'
Tanuma 6+itsu'u
$i)ed &J&? to &J>>'
Tayama 7atai
Tedori'a)a. /attle of
-ook p(ace in &@JJ'
"8#
)e-origawa, attle o!
Dda obunaga, *ith about @0,000 men, crossed the -edoriga*a at night to at-
tack !esugi 4enshin' 4enshin, *ho had about B0,000 men *as e.pecting the
mo)e and *as ready' obunaga *as defeated'
see a(so3
Teiseit8
Tei)a
engT of the orthern #ynasty3 &B4@--&B4?'
Temmei
engT3 &J>&--&J>>'
Temmon
engT3 &@B2--&@@4'
aka -embun'
Temmu9tenn8
-he 40
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned :JB to :>:'
Temp8
engT3 &>B0--&>4B'
Tempu+u
engT3 &2BB--&2BB'
Tempy89&8:i
engT3 J@J--J:4'
Tempy89:in'o
engT3 J:@--J::'
aka -empyT-shingo'
Tempy89+amp8
engT3 J4?--J4?'
"8!
)empy0+*h0h0
Tempy89s&8&8
engT3 J4?--J@:'
Tempy8
engT3 J2?--J4>'
Ten%&8
engT3 >24-->BB'
Ten;ei
engT3 &&&0--&&&2'
Ten;en
engT3 ?JB--?J@'
Ten'en
engT3 ?J>--?>2'
Ten'i
engT3 &0@B--&0@J'
Ten'y8
engT3 ?B>--?4:'
aka -enkei'
Ten:i9tenn8
-he B>
th
emperor of =apan'
$i)ed :2: to :J2' ;eigned ::2 to :J&'
Ten:i
engT3 &&24--&&2@'
aka -en8u'
Tenmo+u-an. /attle of
Tennan
engT3 >@J-->@>'
aka -enGanVV
"8"
)enna
Tenna
engT3 &:>&--&:>B'
aka -en*a'
Tennin
engT3 &&0>--&&0?'
Tenn8:i. /attle of
Ten;8
engT3 J>&--J>&'
Tenro+u
engT3 ?J0--?J2'
Tenrya+u
engT3 ?4>--?@:'
Tens&8
engT3 &&B&--&&B&'
Tens&8
engT3 &@JB--&@?&'
Tento+u
engT3 ?@J--?:0'
Ten;y8
engT3 &&44--&&44'
Terabe. #ei'e of
-ook p(ace in &@@>'
-his *as the first batt(e that -okuga*a ,eyasu *as in)o()ed in' 0t the time, he
*as a )assa( of ,maga*a Eoshimoto'
Su5uki Shigeteru, in charge of -erabe cast(e, dumped ,maga*a for Dda
obunaga' ,eyasu attacked the cast(e, but *as dri)en off by reinforcements sent
by obunaga'
see a(so3
"83
)erabe, 1eige o!
Su5uki Shigeru 7pg' A9,
Teras&ima *unenori
aka -era8ima <unenori'
$i)ed &>B2 to &>?B'
Terau%&i *asata+e
$i)ed &>@2 to &?&?'
Prime <inister from ? Dctober &?&: to 2? September &?&>'
Cabinet ositions
&st 4atsura 6ar 2J <ar &?02 0J =an &?0:
&st Saion8i 6ar 0J =an &?0: &4 =u(y &?0>
2
nd
4atsura "oreign 0ffairs &4 =u(y &?0> 2J 0ug &?0>
2
nd
4atsura 6ar &4 =u(y &?0> B0 0ug &?&&
-erauchi "inance 0? Dct &?&: 0: #ec &?&:
-erauchi "oreign 0ffairs 0? Dct &?&: o) 2& &?&:
-erauchi Prime <inister 0? Dct &?&: 2? Sep &?&>
Table 13*Cabinet Positions Held by Teauchi ?asatake
Cabinet
-erauchi <asatake Prime <inister 0? Dct &?&: 2? Sep &?&>
akakT8i ;en 0gricu(ture W Commerce 0? Dct &?&: 2? Sep &?&>
4odama Lideo Chief of Cabinet Secretariat 0? Dct &?&: 2? Sep &?&>
0rimatsu Lideyoshi Chief of $egis(ati)e /ureau 0? Dct &?&: 2? Sep &?&>
#en 4en8irT Communications 0? Dct &?&: 2? Sep &?&>
Dkada ;yThei Pducation 0? Dct &?&: 2? Sep &?&>
-erauchi <asatake "inance 0? Dct &?&: 0: #ec &?&:
4atsuta 4a5ue "inance 0: #ec &?&: 2? Sep &?&>
-erauchi <asatake "oreign 0ffairs 0? Dct &?&: 2& o) &?&:
<otono ,chirT "oreign 0ffairs 2& o) &?&: 2B 0pr &?&>
"84
)erauchi Ma*atake
GotT Shinpei "oreign 0ffairs 2B 0pr &?&> 2? Sep &?&>
GotT Shinpei Lome 0ffairs 0? Dct &?&: 2B 0pr &?&>
<i5uno ;entarT Lome 0ffairs 2B 0pr &?&> 2? Sep &?&>
<atsumuro ,taru =ustice 0? Dct &?&: 2? Sep &?&>
4atT -omosaburT a)y 0? Dct &?&: 2? Sep &?&>
Sshima 4enGichi 6ar 0? Dct &?&: 2? Sep &?&>
Table 143Teauchi ?asatake's Cabinet
Toba9tenn8
-he J4
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned &&0J to &&2B'
To%&i'i refe%ture
0rea3 :,40> km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 !tsunomiya
Popu(ation3 &,?>0,000 7&??:9
Toda 7a-ua+i
$i)ed &@42 to &:04'
0 samurai in the ser)ice of -okuga*a ,eyasu' ,n &:0&, ,eyasu ga)e 4a5uaki
the fief of Re5e 7say *hatV9 7B0,000 koku9 in Smi'
To'o Hei&a%&iro
$i)ed &>4> to &?B4'
0 samurai from Satsuma' Studied 7*hatV9 in Png(and from &>J& to &>J>'
Drigina((y in the Satsuma a)y, 8oined the ,mperia( =apanese a)y 7at its for-
mationV9' "ought in the Sino-=apanese 6ar of &>?4Z&>?@' Promoted to ;ear 0d-
mira( in &>?@, %ice 0dmira( in &?00, and fu(( 0dmira( in &?04'
Leihachiro commanded the f(eet during the ;usso-=apanese 6ar 7&?04--&?0@9'
Lis stunning success at the /att(e of -sushima effecti)e(y ended any hope that
;ussia e)er had of contro((ing or e)en contesting the seas around 4orea'
see a(so3
,mperia( =apanese a)y 7pg' A9,
;usso-=apanese 6ar 7pg' A9,
"85
)ogo 4eihachiro
Satsuma-han 7pg' A9,
Sino-=apanese 6ar 7pg' A9,
-sushima, /att(e of 7pg' A9,
To'o #&i'enori
$i)ed &>>2 to &?@0'
T8:8 Hide+i
$i)ed &>>4 to &?4>'
6as Prime <inister from &> Dctober &?4& to 22 =u(y &?44'
Le rep(aced 4onoe "umimaro and *as rep(aced by 4oiso 4uniaki'
see a(so3
4onoe "umimaro 7pg' A9,
4oiso 4uniaki 7pg' A9,
To+onami Ta+e:iro
$i)ed &>:J to &?B@'
To+u'a)a C&i+atada
$i)ed &4&> to &4>0'
To+u'a)a C&i+au:i
<ight ha)e died &40J'
"ather of 7<atsudairaV9 Easuchika and Sakai -adahiro, among others'
To+u'a)a Family
To+u'a)a Hidetada
$i)ed &@J? to &:B2'
-he 2
nd
-okuga*a shTgun'
,n office &:0@ to &:2B'
Dne of -okuga*a ,eyasuGs sons'
To+u'a)a Hideyasu
$i)ed &@J4 to &:0J'
"86
)okugawa 4irota-a
To+u'a)a Hirotada
$i)ed &@2: to &@4?'
To+u'a)a Ie&aru
$i)ed &JBJ to &J>:'
-he &0
th
-okuga*a shTgun'
,n office &J:0 to &J>:'
To+u'a)a Iemitsu
$i)ed &:04 to &:@&'
-he B
rd
-okuga*a shTgun'
,n office &:2B to &:@&'
"irst son of Lidetada' /rother to Sen-Lime and 4a5uko'
"ather of ,etsuna 7*ho *ou(d become the 4
th
-okuga*a shTgun9'
Comp(eted the c(osing of =apan 7sakoku9' Persecuted Christians' <ade sankin)
kotai ob(igatory for the daimyT'
#ee Also
Christianity 7pg' A9,
-okuga*a Lidetada 7pg' A9,
-okuga*a ,etsuna 7pg' A9,
-okuga*a 4a5uko 7pg' A9,
-okuga*a Sen-Lime 7pg' A9,
sakoku 7pg' A9,
sankin-kotai 7pg' A9,
To+u'a)a Iemo%&i
$i)ed &>4: to &>::'
-he &4
th
-okuga*a shTgun'
,n office &>@> to &>::'
To+u'a)a Iemoto
$i)ed &J:B to &JJ?'
Son and origina( heir of -okuga*a ,eharu' #ied before his father'
"87
)okugawa 8enari
To+u'a)a Ienari
$i)ed &JJB to &>4&
-he &&
th
-okuga*a shTgun'
,n office &J>: to &>BJ'
To+u'a)a Ienobu
$i)ed &::2 to &J&2'
-he :
th
-okuga*a shTgun'
,n office &J0? to &J&2'
Son of -okuga*a -sunashige' Drigina((y kno*n as -okuga*a -sunatoyo'
To+u'a)a Iesada
$i)ed &>24 to &>@>'
-he &B
th
-okuga*a shTgun'
,n office &>@B to &>@>'
To+u'a)a Ies&i'e
$i)ed &J&2 to &J:&'
-he ?
th
-okuga*a shTgun'
,n office &J4@ to &J:0'
"irst son of -okuga*a Eoshimune' "ather of -okuga*a ,eharu'
To+u'a)a Ietsu'u
$i)ed &J0? to &J&:'
-he J
th
-okuga*a shTgun'
,n office &J&2 to &J&:'
Son of -okuga*a ,enobu'
6as on(y four years o(d *hen he became shTgun' #ied at age se)en' 7*hyV of
*hatV9
To+u'a)a Ietsuna
$i)ed &:B? to &:>0'
-he 4
th
-okuga*a shTgun'
"88
)okugawa 8et*una
,n office &:@& to &:>0'
"irst son of -okuga*a ,emitsu' /rother to -okuga*a -sunayoshi' #ied *ith-
out an heir or any chi(dren'
To+u'a)a Ieyasu
$i)ed #ecember B0, &@42 - =une &, &:&:
-he &
st
-okuga*a shTgun'
,n office &:0B to &:0@'
-okuga*a ,eyasu *as the founder of the -okuga*a shogunate of =apan, and is
common(y kno*n as one of the 1three great (eaders2 of feuda( =apan 7the other
t*o are Dda obunaga and -oyotomi Lideyoshi9'
Drigina((y kno*n as -okuga*a -akechiyo' Gi)en the name 1<otonobu2 at age
&4' $ater changed his name to 1<otoyasuGG' "ina((y took the name 1,eyasu2 in
&@:@' ,t is by this name that he is most(y kno*n today'
/orn in <ika*a' 6hen he *as about fi)e years o(d ,eyasu *as captured by
forces (oya( to Dda obuhide' obuhide used ,eyasu as a barganing chip against
-okuga*a VV' Le he(d firm and ,eyasu remained a capti)e of the 4atT fami(y 7at
the -ennT-bT temp(e in D*ari9 for about &0 years - practica((y his entire chi(d-
hood'
,t *as short(y after he returned home 7&@@>9 that <otonobu changed his name
to <otoyasu' 0(so around this time, -okuga*a married a daughter of Sekiguchi
Chikanaga 7page AAA9'
-ook the name 1,eyasu2 in &@:@' ,n &@:J the emperor ga)e ,eyasu permission
to keep the name 1-okuga*a2 for his o*n immediate fami(y, *hi(e his other re(a-
ti)es *ou(d continue using 1<atsudaira2 7etcV9'
/ui(t Lamamatsu Cast(e 7page AAA9 in &@J0'
-okuga*a *as origina((y daimyo of <ika*a 7present-day Pastern part of 0ichi
prefecture9 but *as disp(aced to 4anto during -oyotomiGs ru(e' -okuga*aGs inf(u-
ence made him an important a((y of Dda obunaga' 0fter Dda died and -oyotomi
Lideyoshi became =apanGs dominant ru(er, -okuga*a *as named as one of fi)e
regents 7tairo9 *ith the responsibi(ity of (ooking after -oyotomiGs son, -oyotomi
Lideyori'
6hen Lideyoshi died in &@?>, Lideyori *as on(y fi)e years o(d' -he ne* re-
gent *as p(aced in the care of -oyotomiGs c(osest a((y, ,shida <itsunari, *ho at-
tempted to ho(d the -oyotomi coa(ition together' -okuga*a, ho*e)er, sa* a
chance to usurp po*er from the -oyotomi (oya(ists, and assemb(ed an 1eastern
army2 to take on ,shida'
-he ensuing /att(e of Sekigahara 7&:009 ended in a crushing defeat for ,shidaGs
1*estern army2' ,n &:0B, -okuga*a became shogun of an a(most entire(y unified
"8
)okugawa 8eya*u
=apan, a concept that had been abandoned by Dda obunaga and -oyotomi
Lideyoshi' Le abdicated in &:0@ and a((o*ed his son, -okuga*a Lidetada, to
take o)er'
-okuga*a *as enshrined in ikko after his death, and his mauso(eum, ikko
-oshogu is a popu(ar tourist destination today' Sargent 7&>?4+ -he "orest "(ora of
=apan9 recorded that a #aimyo *ho *as too poor to offer a stone (antern at the fu-
nera( reHuested instead to be a((o*ed to p(ant an a)enue of Sugi, Gthat future )isi-
tors might be protected from the heat of the sunG' -he offer *as accepted+ the a)-
enue, *hich sti(( e.ists, is o)er :@km 740 mi(es9 (ong, and Ghas not its eHua( in
state(y grandeurG'
Mo-i!ie- !rom the Aikipe-ia article a&ailable at (,?E./ C4/C:OO)C
httpCJJwww.wikipe-ia.orgJwJwiki.phtmlKtitleL)okugawaM8eya*u
To+u'a)a Ieyos&i
$i)ed &J?2 to &>@B'
-he &2
th
-okuga*a shTgun'
,n office &>BJ to &>@B'
To+u'a)a 7ei+i
aka -okuga*a Eoshinobu
aka Litotsubashi 4eiki
aka Litotsubashi Eoshinobu
-he &@
th
and fina( -okuga*a shTgun' ,n office &>:: to &>:>'
<ember of the <ito branch of the -okuga*a "ami(y' Son of -okuga*a ariaki
7pg' A9'
To+u'a)a 7iyoyasu
$i)ed &@&& to &@B:'
To+u'a)a Na'a%&i+a
$i)ed &442 to &@&0'
To+u'a)a Naria+i
$i)ed &>00 to &>:0'
"ather of -okuga*a 4eiki, the fina( -okuga*a ShTgun'
0 member of the <ito branch of the -okuga*a fami(y and daimyT of <ito'
"#
)okugawa Nariaki
ariaki *as put in charge of bakufu efforts to defend the country against the
encrouching foreigners' Lis o*n )ie* *as that the bakufu shou(d strengthen its
mi(itary and fight the foreigners, and *as at odds *ith ,i aosuke on the issue'
Le *as pro-emperor and fa)ored restoration' ariaki and aosuke fought o)er
*ho *ou(d succeed the ShTgun ,esada, *ith ariaki championing his son 4eiki'
aosuke, *ho e)entua((y pre)ai(ed, fa)ored ,emochi'
see a(so3
,i aosuke 7pg' A9, -okuga*a ,emochi 7pg' A9, -okuga*a ,esada 7pg' A9, -oku-
ga*a 4eiki 7pg' A9,
To+u'a)a Nobumitsu
$i)ed &B?0 to &4:@'
To+u'a)a Nobutada
$i)ed &4>? to &@B&'
To+u'a)a Nobuyasu
$i)ed &@@? to &@J?'
To+u'a)a Nobuyos&i
$i)ed &@>B to &:0B
To+u'a)a #en9&ime
$i)ed &@?J to &:::'
To+u'a)a #&i'eyos&i
To+u'a)a #&8'unate
-okuga*a ,eyasu *as named shTgun in &:0B and his fami(y contro((ed the coun-
try through that office unti( the <ei8i ;estoration of &>:J-:>'
0ppendi. AAA has a (ist of the -okuga*a ShTgun on page AAA'
To+u'a)a Tadana'a
$i)ed &:0@ to &:@&'
To+u'a)a Tadateru
$i)ed &@?B to &:>B'
"!
)okugawa )a-ayo*hi
To+u'a)a Tadayos&i
$i)ed &@>0 to &:0J'
To+u'a)a Tsunas&i'e
$i)ed &:44 to &:J>'
To+u'a)a Tsunayos&i
$i)ed &:4: to &J0?'
-he @
th
-okuga*a shTgun'
,n office &:>0 to &J0?'
To+u'a)a 5asu%&i+a
$i)ed &B:? to &4&2'
To+u'a)a 5orifusa
$i)ed &:0B to &::&'
-okuga*a ,eyasuGs ?
th
son and founder of the <ito branch of the -okuga*a
fami(y'
"ather of <itsukuni, Eorishige, Eorimoto, Eoritaka, and Eorio'
;ecie)ed <ito 7B@0,000 koku9 in Litachi in &:0?' Lence they are kno*n as the
<ito branch'
To+u'a)a 5orinobu
$i)ed &:02 to &:J&'
-okuga*a ,eyasuGs >
th
son and founder of the 4ii branch of the -okuga*a fami-
(y'
"ather of <itsusada and Eori5umi'
;ecei)ed 6akayama 7@@@,000 koku9 in 4ii in &:&?'
To+u'a)a 5os&imune
$i)ed &:>4 to &J@&'
-he >
th
-okuga*a shTgun'
,n office &J&: to &J4@'
To+u'a)a 5os&inao
$i)ed &:00 to &:@0'
""
)okugawa 5o*hinao
-okuga*a ,eyasuGs J
th
son and founder of the D*ari branch of the -okuga*a
fami(y'
"ather of <itsutomo'
;ecie)ed agoya Cast(e in D*ari in &:&0'
To+u'a)a 5os&inobu
See -okuga*a 4eiki on page AAA'
To+u'a)a 5os&isue
aka -okuga*a Shiro'
To+u:i
engT3 &B0:--&B0J'
To+us&ima City
-he capita( city of -okuga*a Prefecture'
To+us&ima refe%ture
0rea3 4,&44 km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 -okushima
Popu(ation3 >40,000 7&??:9
To+utomi #o&o
T8+y8 City
-he capita( of -TkyT Prefecture' 0(so the nationa( capita('
T8+y8 refe%ture
-echnica((y a to, not a ken'
0rea3 2,&>J km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 -TkyT
Popu(ation3 &&,@40,000 7&??:9
"3
)okyo Eni&er*ity
To+yo =ni4ersity
T8+y8 @ar Crimes Trial
Torii Family (Daimy8$
0 daimyT fami(y from <ika*a' #escended from "u8i*ara <oromasa'
Torii Family (ainters$
0 fami(y of famous painters'
Torii 7iyomasa
Painter'
$i)ed &J0: to &J:B'
Torii 7iyomine
Painter'
$i)ed &J>J to &>:>'
Torii 7iyomitsu
Painter'
$i)ed &JB@ to &J>@'
Torii 7iyona'a
Painter'
#ied &>&B'
Torii 7iyonobu
Painter'
$i)ed &::4 to &JB0'
Torii 7iyonobu
Painter'
Torii *ototada
$i)ed &@B? to &:00'
Son of -adayoshi'
"4
)orii Narit*ugu
Torii Naritsu'u
Son of <ototada' ;u(ed Eamura 74ai, B@,000 koku9 but *as dispossessed in
&:B2 and banished to his nephe* -orii -adatsuneGs domain in Eamagata'
Torii Tada&aru
$i)ed &:0> to &:@&'
Continued the fami(y name *hen his o(der brother -adatsune died *ithout an
heir in &:B:' Le *as gi)en the -akatT 7Shinano, B0,000 koku9'
Torii Tadamasa
$i)ed &@:J to &:2>'
;ecei)ed ,*akidaira 7<utsu, &00,000 koku9 in &:0B' 6as mo)ed to Eamagata
7#e*a, 2:0,000 koku9 in &:22'
Torii Tadatsune
#ied &:B:'
Son of -adamasa but his fief re)erted to the shogunate *hen -adatsune died
*ithout an heir'
Torii Tadayos&i
#ied &@J&'
"ather of -orii <ototada'
Ser)ed <atsudaira Lirotada and (ater -okuga*a ,eyasu'
Torii
Tosa9&an
Tosa ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today 4Tchi Prefecture on Shikoku' -osa bordered
on ,yo and 0*a Pro)inces'
see a(so3
,yo Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
4Tchi Prefecture 7pg' A9,
Shikoku 7pg' A9,
"5
)0*ei+ha
T8sei9&a
T8t8mi ro4in%e
7needs to be finishedF9
0 pro)ince in the area that is today Prefecture' -TtTmi bordered on and
Pro)inces'
see a(so3
Tottori City
-he capita( city of -ottori Prefecture'
Tottori refe%ture
0rea3 B,@0J km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 -ottori
Popu(ation3 :20,000 7&??:9
T8yama 7a'et8
Toyama *itsuru
$i)ed &>@@ to &?44'
Toyama refe%ture
0rea3 4,42J km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 -oyama
Popu(ation3 &,&B0,000 7&??:9
Toyoda #a+i%&i
$i)ed &>:J to &?B0'
Toyotomi Family
Toyotomi Hideyori
Toyotomi Hideyos&i
$i)ed &@BJ to &@?>'
Lideyoshi started (ife as a peasant, but managed to rise up in the ranks of Dda
obunagaGs 7page AAA9 army+ Le *as a genera( *hen 0kechi <itsuhide 7page
"6
)oyotomi 4i-eyo*hi
AAA9 assassinated Dda in &@>2' Lideyoshi prompt(y a)enged his (ordGs death and
eHua((y prompt(y took his (ordGs p(ace'
0side from his *ork unifying the country, Lideyoshi is a(so remembered for
his i((-ad)ised in)asions of main(and 0sia'
To-ama
Treaty of #&imonose+i
-he -reaty of Shimonoseki *as signed on 0pri( &J, &>?@ bet*een China and
=apan'
,t ended the Sino-=apanese 6ar 7&>?4-&>?@9 in fa)our of =apan' ,n the treaty
China recogni5ed the independence of 4orea and renounced any c(aims, ceded the
southern portion of "Vgtien 7current Shenyang, $iaoning9 pro)ince, the is(ands of
"ormosa and the Pescadores ,s(ands to =apan' China a(so paid =apan a *ar indem-
nity of 200 mi((ion 4uping tae(s, and opened )arious ports and ri)ers to interna-
tiona( entry and trade'
-he treaty *as signed by Count ,to Lirobumi and %iscount <utsu <unemitsu
for the Pmperor of =apan and $i Lung-Chang and $i Ching-"ong on beha(f of the
Pmperor of China'
-he harsh conditions imposed on China (ed to the -rip(e ,nter)ention of ;us-
sia, "rance, and Germany' -hey demanded that =apan *ithdre* its c(aim on
"Vgtien pro)ince, concerned that Port 0rthur *ou(d fa(( under =apanese contro(' ,n
o)ember &>?@ =apan *ithdre* its c(aim on "Vgtien pro)ince in return for an in-
creased *ar indemnity from China' -he Puropean po*ers *ere not concerned
*ith any of the other conditions, or the Gfree handG =apan had been granted in 4o-
rea'
httpCJJwww.wikipe-ia.orgJwJwiki.phtmlKtitleL)reatyMo!M1himono*eki
Triple Inter4ention
0fter the signing of the -reaty of Shimonoseki, *hich ended the Sino-=apanese
6ar of &>?4-&>?@, ;ussia, "rance, and Germany ob8ected to part of the treaty
and compe((ed =apan to *ithdre* its c(aim on "Vgtien pro)ince in return for an
increased *ar indemnity from China'
-he =apanese peop(e *ere not happy *ith the inter)ention in a treaty bet*een
=apan and China and their anger *as increased *hen a fe* years (ater ;ussia as-
sumed contro( of Port 0rthur from China C Port 0rthur *as in the area that ;us-
sia, "rance, and Germany had inter)ened to pre)ent =apan from contro((ing'
-his *as part of a broader ;usso-=apanese ri)a(ry in ortheast 0sia that resu(t-
ed in the ;usso-=apanese 6ar of &?04-&?0@'
"7
)ruman, 4arry 1.
Truman. Harry #.
Tsu%&imi+ado9tenn8
-he >B
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned &&?> to &2&0'
Tsu City
-he capita( of <ie Prefecture 7pg AA9'
Tsuda *ami%&i
$i)ed &>2? to &?0B'
Tsuda #o+i%&i
$i)ed &>JB to &?:&'
Tsuda =me+o
$i)ed &>:@ to &?2?
Tsu+ude Castle
Tsu+us&i Hiro+ado
Tsus&ima. /attle of
Tsus&ima ro4in%e
0 group of is(ands that are today part of agasaki Prefecture' -hey (ay bet*een
in the Sea of =apan, bet*een LonshX / 4yXshX and the 4orean peninsu(a'
\\LB
T)enty96ne Demands
=%&ida !yo&ei , =-en ro4in%e
=%&ida !yo&ei
$i)ed &>J4 to &?BJ'
=%&ide&ama. /attle of
-ook p(ace in &@>2'
"8
Echi-ehama, attle o!
-he 0kechi army, retreating from their (oss at the batt(e of Eama5aki, *as 8oined
by 0kechi <itsuharu, the cousin of 0kechi <itsuhide' 7<itsuhide *as ki((ed at
Eama5aki'9 <itsuharu fought Lori Lidemasa, *ho *as pursuing the 0kechi on
beha(f of -oyotomi Lideyoshi, at !chidehama' -he 0kechi army (ost'
see a(so3
0kechi <itsuharu 7pg' A9,
Lori Lidemasa 7pg' A9,
Eama5aki, /att(e of 7pg' A9,
LonnT8i, Seige of 7pg' A9,
=%&imura 7an-o
$i)ed &>:& to &?B0'
=dai:in
=da9tenn8
-he @?
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned >>J to >?J'
=eda&ara. /attle of
-ook p(ace in &@4>'
-he first batt(e in =apan *here arHuebuses *ere used' -akeda Shingen (ost to
<urakami Eoshikiyo' Eoshikiyo had @0 ashigaru armed *ith arHuebuses'
see a(so3
<urakami Eoshikiyo 7pg' A9,
0rHuebus 7pg' A9,
0shigaru 7pg' A9,
=eda. #ei'e of
-ook p(ace in &:00'
"
Ee-a, 1eige o!
-okuga*a Lidetada, on his *ay to 8oin his father, ,eyasu, stopped to seige
!eda cast(e' -he cast(e *as he(d by Sanada <asayuki and his son Sanada
Eukimura' 6hen the cast(e did not fa(( as Huick(y as Lidetada had hoped / e.pect-
ed, he abandoned the seige and hurried to meet up *ith ,eyasu' 0s a resu(t of this
de(ay, Lidetada missed the batt(e of Sekigahara'
see a(so3
Sanada <asayuki 7pg' A9,
Sanada Eukimura 7pg' A9,
-okuga*a Lidetada 7pg' A9,
=e+i "mori
$i)ed &>@J to &>?2'
=esu'i Family (6'i'ayatsu$
=esu'i Family (5amaou%&i$
0 daimyT fami(y descended from "u8i*ara Eoshikado 7pg' A9'
=esu'i 7a'e+atsu
$i)ed &@@@ to &:2B'
=esu'i 7a'enobu
=esu'i 7a'etora
$i)ed &@@2 to &@J?'
-he J
th
son of LT8T !8iyasu 7pg' A9, *as adopted by !esugi 4enshin'
=esu'i 7ens&in
aka agao 4agetora
$i)ed &@B0 to &@J>'
-he B
rd
son of agao -amekage' -he agao fami(y *ere )assa(s of the !esugi
but in &@@&, 4enshin forced !esugi orimasa to adopt him as his son, gi)e him
offices and tit(es, and of course the !esugi name' orimasa had been defeated by
LT8T !8iyasu and didnGt ha)e much choice but to accept'
3##
Ee*ugi Norima*a
=esu'i Norimasa
$i)ed &@22 to &@J?'
#efeated se)era( times by the LT8T, had the good fortune to ha)e a )ery capa-
b(e retainer in agao 4agetora, *hom he *ou(d adopt'
=esu'i Norisada
=esu'i Tomosada
#ied &@44'
$ast of the Dgigayatsu !esugi'
=esu'i 5os&i&aru
='a+i 7a-us&i'e
$i)ed &>:> to &?@:'
='o ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today 0kita Prefecture 7pg' 9' !go bordered on
<utsu, ;ikuchX, ;iku5en, and !5en Pro)inces'
see a(so3
0kita Prefecture 7pg' A9,
;ikuchX Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
=+ita Hideie
=me-u 5os&i:iro
$i)ed &>>2 to &?4?'
=n+ei
#ied &22B' <aybe'
=no #osu+e
Prime <inister from 2 =une &?>? to &0 0ugust &?>?' ;ep(aced by 4aifu -oshiki
7pg AAA9'
3#!
Erawa City
=ra)a City
-he capita( of Saitama Prefecture 7pg AAA9'
=.#.9Capan Treaty of Amity and Commer%e
=tsunomiya City
-he capita( of -ochigi Prefecture 7pg AAA9'
=tsunomiya9&an
=)a:ima
=-en ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today Eamagata Prefecture' !5en bordered on
Pchigo, ,*aki, ,*ashiro, ;iku5en, and !go Pro)inces'
see a(so3
,*ashiro Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
Eamagata Prefecture 7pg' A9,
(F( No entries$
nothing here yet'
@ado ro4in%e , @itte. #er'ei
@ado ro4in%e
@ad8
engT3 J0>--J&4'
@a:ima City
0 city of about B0,000 peop(e on the oto-hanto, in ,shika*a'
3#"
Aa@ima+nuri
@a:ima9nuri
0 sty(e of (aHuer*are from the city of 6a8ima in ,shika*a'
@a+amatsu9&an
6akasa Pro)ince
0 pro)ince in the area that is today "ukui Prefecture' 6akasa bordered on
Pchi5en, Smi, -amba, -ango, and Eamashiro Pro)inces'
Domains
Dbama 7?2,000 koku93 4yTgoku -akatsugu recei)ed from -okuga*a ,eyasu in
&:00'
see a(so3
"ukui Prefecture 7pg' A9,
4yTgoku -akatsugu 7pg' A9,
-ango Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
@a+atsu+i !ei:ir8
$i)ed &>:: to &?4?'
Prime <inister from B0 =anuary &?2: to 20 0pri( &?2J and &4 0pri( &?B& to &4
#ecember &?B&'
@a+ayama City
-he capita( city of 6akayama Prefecture'
@a+ayama refe%ture
0rea3 4,J24 km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 6akayama
Popu(ation3 &,&00,000 7&??:9
3#3
Aang Ching+wei
@an' C&in'9)ei
6ang Eang-ming
6ar Crimes, C(ass 0
@arrin' #tates eriod
-he period of more-or-(ess constant *arfare that (asted from the Snin 6ar unti(
Lideyoshi managed to e.ert contro( o)er most of the country'
@aseda =ni4ersity
aka -TkyT Co((ege'
@as&in'ton Na4al Conferen%e
-ook p(ace in 6ashington, #C from o)ember &?2& to "ebruary &?22' , "rance,
Great /ritain, ,ta(y, =apan, and the !nited States 7as *e(( as a coup(e of other
countriesF9 participated' a)a( arms (imitations, ru(es for submarine *arfare, and
the status of )arious is(ands he(d by the po*ers in the Pacific *ere among the
topics discussed'
-he conference resu(ted in se)era( treaties' -he "our-Po*ers -reaty 7"rance,
Great /ritain, =apan, and the !nited States9 dea(t *ith the )arious countriesG )ari-
ous ho(dings in the Pacific' -he "i)e-Po*ers -reaty 7"rance, Great /ritain, ,ta(y,
=apan, and the !nited States9 dea(t *ith na)a( arms (imitations' -he ine-Po*ers
-reaty 7"rance, Great /ritain, ,ta(y, =apan, and the !nited States and VV9 dea(t
*ith the 1Dpen #oor2 po(icy in China'
-he 0mericans at (east *ere reading the =apanese de(egationGs te(egrams and it
is possib(e that the /ritish *ere as *e((' -he 0merican snooping *as made pub(ic
a fe* years (ater by Lerbert D' Eard(ey, the chief of the 0merican /(ack Chamber
C the secret go)ernment agency that had cryptana(y5ed 7broken9 the =apanese
codes during the conference'
!he %odebreakers: !he Story of Secret *riting by #a)id 4ahn, MkahnN&??:O
#ee Also
0merican /(ack Chamber 7pg 229, #merican $lack %hamber0 !he 7pg 2B9, "i)e-
Po*ers -reaty 7pg >B9, "our-Po*ers -reaty 7pg >B9, ine-Po*ers -reaty 7pg
2&>9, Eard(ey, Lerbert D' 7pg B0J9
@atanabe Han-8
6atanabe =otaro
3#4
Aatanabe 4anz0
$i)ed
@itte. #er'ei
(G( No entries$
nothing here yet
5ama'ata Aritomo , 5>rya+u9tenn8
5ama'ata Aritomo
$i)ed &>B> to &?22'
Prime <inister from 24 #ecember &>>? to : <ay &>?& and > o)ember &>?> to
&? Dctober &?00'
5ama'ata City
-he capita( city of Eamagata Prefecture 7pg' A9'
5ama'ata *asa+a'e
5ama'ata refe%ture
0rea3 ?,B2B km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 Eamagata
Popu(ation3 &,2:0,000 7&??:9
5ama'u%&i City
-he capita( city of Eamaguchi Prefecture 7pg' A9'
5ama'u%&i refe%ture
0rea3 :,&&0 km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 Eamaguchi
Popu(ation3 &,@@0,000 7&??:9
5ama+a)a Hitos&i
$i)ed &>>0 to &?@>'
5ama+a)a 7i+ue
$i)ed &>?0 to &?>0'
3#5
5amamoto 3onnohy0e
5amamoto Donno&y8e
aka Eamamoto Gonbei'
$i)ed &>@2 to &?BB'
Prime <inister from 20 "ebruary &?&B to &: 0pri( &?&4 and 2 September &?2B
to J =anuary &?24'
5amamoto Isoro+u
$i)ed &>>4 to &?4B'
a)a( officer' Le is genera((y credited *ith p(anning and managing the #ecem-
ber &?4& attack on Pear( Larbor' Le(d the rank of admira( *hen he *as shot do*n
by 0merican fighters in &?4B'
5amanas&i refe%ture
0rea3 4,4:@ km
2
7&??@9
Capita(3 4Tfu
Popu(ation3 >>0,000 7&??:9
5amas&iro ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today 4yTto Prefecture' Eamashiro bordered on
,ga, 4a*achi, Smi, Settsu, -amba, 6akasa, and Eamato Pro)inces'
see a(so3
,ga Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4a*achi Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4yTto Prefecture 7pg' A9, Smi
Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Settsu Pro)ince 7pg' A9, -amba Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 6akasa
Pro)ince 7pg' A9, Eamato Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
5amato ro4in%e
0 pro)ince in the area that is today ara Prefecture' Eamato bordered on ,ga,
,se, 4a*achi, 4ii, and Eamashiro Pro)inces'
#ee Also
,ga Pro)ince 7pg' A9, ,se Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4a*achi Pro)ince 7pg' A9, 4ii
Pro)ince 7pg' A9, ara Prefecture 7pg' A9, Eamashiro Pro)ince 7pg' A9,
5ama-a+i. /attle of
&@>2
-oyotomi Lideyoshi crushed 0kechi <itsuhide, the assassin of Dda obuna-
ga, at Eama5aki' <itsuhide had hoped to take obunagaGs p(ace, but *ith his de-
feat, obunagaGs authority *ent to Lideyoshi'
3#6
5anagi-a :unio
5ana'ida 7unio
$i)ed &>J@ to &?:2'
5ana'ida To)n
0 sma(( to*n on the oto Peninsu(a 7pg' A9 in ,shika*a Prefecture 7pg' A9'
5ana'i *uneyos&i
$i)ed &>>? to &?:&'
5anaibara Tadao
see Eanaihara -adao on page B0J'
5anai&ara Tadao
aka Eanaibara -adao'
$i)ed &>?B to &?:&'
5ardley. Herbert 6.
$i)ed &B 0pri( &>>? to J 0ugust &?@>
-he founder and head of the 0merican /(ack Chamber 7pg 229 and author of the
book, !he #merican $lack %hamber 7pg 2B9' !nder Eard(ey, the cryptana(ysts of
the 0merican /(ack Chamber broke =apanese dip(omatic codes and *ere ab(e to
furnish 0merican negotiators *ith significant information during the 6ashing-
ton a)a( Conference of &?2&-&?22' Le (ater he(ped the ationa(ists in China
break =apanese codes and *orked brief(y for the Canadian go)ernment, he(ping
it set up a crypto(ogica( section'
Eard(ey *as born and raised in 6orthington, ,ndiana' Lis mother, <ary Pmma
Eard(ey, died *hen he *as &B' Lis father, ;obert 4irkbride Eard(ey, *as a sta-
tion master and te(egrapher for a rai(road' "rom him, Lerbert (earned to use the
te(egraph' -he 1D2 in his name stands for Dsborn C his mothersG maiden name3
Lerbert added it to his name because he needed a third (etter for his te(egraph sig-
nature'
0fter graduating high schoo( in &?0J, Eard(ey *orked as a te(egrapher for a
rai(road' ,n &?&2, after passing the ci)i( ser)ice e.am, he *as hired as a go)ern-
ment te(egrapher' Lis *ork in the code room and started his career in crypto(ogy
by breaking the !'S' go)ernment codes that crossed his desk' 0t that time, 0meri-
can codes *ere )ery *eak and Eard(ey so()ed them easi(y' Le *as shocked to
(earn that President 6i(son *as using a code that had been in use for o)er ten
years' -he *eakness of 0merican codes *orried Eard(ey, especia((y considering
the *ar in Purope, so he *rote up a hundred-page 1So(ution of 0merican #ip(o-
matic Codes2 and ga)e it to his boss'
3#7
5ar-ley, 4erbert ?.
/reaking 0merican codes got Eard(ey *ondering about the codes of other
countries' 0merican participation in the *ar ga)e Eard(ey an opportunity to se((
the go)ernment on his idea to set up a section to break other countriesG codes' Le
con)inced <a8or ;a(ph %an #eman of the need and in =une-=u(y of &?&J Lerbert
Eard(ey became a first (ieutenant in the Signa( Corps and head of the ne*(y creat-
ed eighth section of mi(itary inte((igence C <,->'
Eard(ey pro)ed to be a )ery good administrator and during the *ar the peop(e
of <,-> performed *e(( e)en if they did not ha)e any spectacu(ar successes' 0fter
the *ar, the 0merican 0rmy and the State department decided to 8oint(y fund <,-
> and Eard(ey continued as head of the 1Cipher /ureau2' -hey set up shop in
e* Eork City for (ega( reasons'
Cracking =apanese codes *as a priority' 4ahn 7MkahnN2004O, pg :29 states3
-he most important target *as =apan' ,ts be((igerence to*ard China 8eopar-
di5ed 0mericaGs Dpen #oor po(icy' ,ts emigrants e.acerbated 0merican racism'
,ts na)a( gro*th menaced 0merican po*er in the *estern Pacific' ,ts commercia(
e.pansion threatened 0merican dominance of "ar Pastern markets'
0fter c(ose to a year, Eard(ey and his staff fina((y managed to break the
=apanese codes and *ere sti(( reading =apanese dip(omatic traffic *hen 6ashing-
ton hosted the 6ashington a)a( Conference in &?2&' -he information the the Ci-
pher /ureau pro)ided the 0merican de(egation *as instrumenta( in getting the
=apanese side to agree to a &03: ratio instead of the &03J ratio the =apanese *ant-
ed' -his *as the hight of Eard(eyGs cryptana(ytic career'
!nfortunate(y, Eard(ey spent much of his time in e* Eork in)o()ed in unre-
(ated acti)ities' 0(so, the f(o* of dip(omatic te(egrams dried up as companies be-
came (ess *i((ing to break the (a* to he(p the go)ernment' ,n 6ashington,
6i((iam "riedman *as acti)e(y e.p(oring cryptographic frontiers for the 0rmy C
the Cipher /ureau *as becoming irre(e)ant' Lo*e)er, it *as mora( indignation
that fina((y doomed the bureau' Lenry $' Stimpson *as Secretary of State under
President Loo)er' 6hen he found out about Eard(ey and the Cipher /ureau, he
*as furious and *ithdre* funding, summing up his argument *ith 1Gent(emen do
not read each otherGs mai('2
-he Cipher /ureau c(osed its doors for good on B& Dctober &?2? C 8ust t*o
days after the stock market crashed and the Great #epression began' ot a good
time for someone *ith Lerbert D' Eard(eyGs rather esoteric ski((s to be out of a
8ob' !nab(e to find anything promising and *ith a *ife and young son to support,
Eard(ey decided to try *riting about his o(d 8ob' -he resu(t *as !he #merican
$lack %hamber pub(ished by /obbs-<erri(( in &?B&'
!he #merican $lack %hamber *as entertaining and based on fact C most(y
te((ing the story of Eard(eyGs breaking of the =apanese codes and the effect of that
at the 6ashington a)a( Conference' ,t so(d *e(( and ga)e Eard(ey a taste of
fame and infamy' -he 0merican go)ernment *as high(y unhappy' -he =apanese
go)ernment *as embarrassed and high(y unhappy'
3#8
5ar-ley, 4erbert ?.
one of Eard(eyGs many (ater attempts at *riting *ere as successfu( as !he
#merican $lack %hamber' Sti((, he pub(ished se)era( artic(es, a no)e( ca((ed !he
$londe %ountess, and *orked on a fe* mo)ies 7inc(uding (ende.-ous, based )ery
(oose(y on !he $londe %ountess9 as a *riter and technica( ad)isor' ,t paid the
bi((s'
M0dd info on China and CanadaO
Eard(ey died at &3&@ pm on J 0ugust &?@>, a *eek or so after ha)ing a ma8or
stroke' Le is buried at 0r(inton ationa( Cemetery, Gra)e 42?-& of Section B0'
!he #merican $lack %hamber by Herbert ,; 8ardley, Myard(eyN&?B&O
!he %odebreakers by #a)id 4ahn, MkahnN&??:O
#ee Also
0merican /(ack Chamber 7pg 229, #merican $lack %hamber0 !he 7pg 2B9,
5asuda Len:iro
$i)ed &>B> to &?2&'
5ayoi
5o+o&ama City
-he capita( of 4anaga*a Prefecture 7pg &429'
5o+oi #&onan
$i)ed &>0? to &>:?'
5o+ose Family
5o+oyama Dennosu+e
$i)ed &>J0 to &?&@'
58mei9tenn8
-he B&
st
Pmperor of =apan'
;eigned @>@-@>J'
5onai *itsumasa
$i)ed &>>0 to &?4>'
3#
5onai Mit*uma*a
Prime <inister from &: =anuary &?40 to 22 =u(y &?40'
Cabinet
5onemura 7ai%&ir8
58r8
engT3 J&J--J2B'
5os&ida Castle
5os&ida #&i'eru
$i)ed &>J> to &?:J'
Prime <inister from3
22 <ay &?4: to 24 <ay &?4J
&@ Dctober &?4> to &: "ebruary &?4?
&: "ebruary &?4? to B0 Dctober &?@2
B0 Dctober &?@2 to 2& <ay &?@B
2& <ay &?@B to &0 #ecember &?@4
5os&ida #&oin
$i)ed &>B0 to &>@?'
5os&ino #a+u-o
$i)ed &>J> to &?BB'
58)a
engT3 &&>&--&&>&'
58-ei9tenn8
-he @J
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned >J: to >>4'
5u+a)a Hide+i
$i)ed &?0J to &?>&'
3!#
5ura Family
5ura Family
5>rya+u9tenn8
-he 20
th
emperor of =apan'
;eigned 4@: to 4J?'
Laibatsu , Leami
Laibatsu
Leami
aka 4an5e <otokiyo'
$i)ed &B:B to &44B'
3!!
Chronological .i*t o! /mperor*
C&ronolo'i%al Eist of "mperors
Lere is a (ist of the Pmperors of =apan' 0n 7f9 after an entry means fema(e---ie an
empress rather than an emperor' ;eign dates are gi)en' /irth and death dates are
gi)en 7or *i(( one day be gi)en9 in the indi)idua( entries'
<any of the emperors prior to about @00 0'#' are mytho(ogica(' -he entry in
Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan MpapinotN&?J2O for the 1ihon-
ki2 7pg 44>9 has a good summary of ho* unre(iab(e the info on ear(y emperors is'
Page %mperor From To Notes
&B: =immu ::0 @>@ /'C'
Sui5ei @>& @4? /'C'
0nnei @4? @&& /'C'
,toku @&0 4JJ /'C'
4TshT 4J@ B?B /'C'
4Tan B?2 2?& /'C'
4Trei 2?0 2&@ /'C'
4Tgen 2&4 &@> /'C'
4aika &@> ?> /'C'
Su8in ?J B0 /'C'
Suinin 2? /'C' J0 0'#'
4eikT J& &B0
Seimu &B& &?0
ChXai &?2 200
7=ingX 4TgTVV9
S8in 2J0 B&0
intoku B&B B??
;ichX 400 40@
Lan5ei 40: 4&0
,ngyT 4&2 4@B
0nkT 4@B 4@:
EXryaku 4@: 4J?
Seinei 4>0 4>4
4en5T 4>@ 4>J
inken 4>> 4?>
/uretsu 4?> @0:
4eitai @0J @B&
0nkan @B& @B@
3!3
Senka @B@ @B?
4immei @B? @J&
/itatsu @J2 @>@
ETmei @>@ @>J
Sushun @>J @?2
Suiko 7f9 @?2 :2>
=omei :2? :4&
4Tgyoku 7f9 :42 :4@
4Ttoku :4@ :@4
Saimei 7f9 :@@ ::&
-en8i ::2 :J&
4Tbun :J& :J2
-emmu :JB :>:
=itT 7f9 :?0 :?J
<ommu :?J J0J
Gemmei J0J J&@
GenshT J&@ J24
ShTmu J24 J4?
4Tken 7f9 J4? J@>
=unnin J@> J:4
ShTtoku 7f9 J:4 JJ0
4Tnin JJ0 J>&
4ammu J>& >0:
Lei5ei >0: >0?
Saga >0? >2B
=unna >2B >BB
immyT >BB >@0
<ontoku >@0 >@>
Sei*a >@> >J:
ET5ei >J: >>4
4TkT >>4 >>J
!da >>J >?J
#aigo >?J ?B0
Su5aku ?B0 ?4:
<urakami ?4: ?:J
3!4
;ei5ei ?:J ?:?
PnGyX ?:? ?>4
4a5an ?>4 ?>:
,chi8T ?>: &0&&
San8T &0&& &0&:
Goichi8T &0&: &0B:
Gosu5aku &0B: &04@
Gorei5ei &04@ &0:>
Gosan8T &0:> &0J2
Shiraka*a &0J2 &0>:
Lorika*a &0>: &&0J
-oba &&0J &&2B
Sutoku &&2B &&4&
4onoe &&4& &&@@
Goshiraka*a &&@@ &&@>
i8T &&@> &&:@
;oku8T &&:@ &&:>
-akakura &&:> &&>0
0ntoku &&>0 &&>B
Gotoba &&>B &&?>
-suchimikado &&?> &2&0
=untoku &2&0 &22&
ChXkyT &22& &22&
Gohorika*a &22& &2B2
Shi8T &2B2 &242
Gosaga &242 &24:
Gofukakusa &24: &2@?
4ameyama &2@? &2J4
Gouda &2J4 &2>J
"ushimi &2>> &2?>
Gofushimi &2?> &B0&
Goni8T &B0& &B0>
Lana5ono &B0> &B&>
Godaigo &B&> &BB?
Gomurakami &BB? &B:>
3!5
ChTkei &B:> &B>B
Gokameyama &B>B &B?2
Gokomatsu &B?2 &4&2
ShTkT &4&2 &42>
Gohana5ono &42? &4:4
Gotsuchimikado &4:@ &@00
Gokashi*abara &@00 &@2:
Gonara &@2: &@@J
Sgimachi &@@J &@>:
GoyT5ei &@>: &:&&
Gomi5unoo &:&& &:2?
<eishT 7f9 &:B0 &:4B
GokTmyT &:4B &:@4
Gosai &:@: &::B
;eigen &:B &:>J
Ligashiyama &:>J &J0?
akamikado &J&0 &JB@
Sakuramachi &JB@ &J4J
<omo5ono &J4J &J:2
Gosakuramachi &J:B &JJ0
Gomomo5ono &JJ& &JJ?
4Tkaku &J>0 &>&J
inkT &>&J &>4:
4Tmei &>4J &>::
<ei8i &>:: &?&2
-aishT &?&2 &?2:
ShT*a &?2: &?>?
Leisei &?>? present
Table 141Chonolo,ical Dist o! C.(eos
Sources3 e* e(sonGs 4an8i #ictionary, pg' &2@B-&2@:, and the Listorica( and
Geographica( #ictionary of =apan, pg' >&@->&J'
3!6
%rime Mini*ter*, "225 to %re*ent
rime *inisters. 0AA1 to resent
-his (ist is compi(ed from =anet LunterGs e.ce((ent %oncise Dictionary of
Japanese History MhunterN&?>4O, =apanese go)ernment *eb sites, artic(es from
the =apan -imes, and misce((aneous *eb sites re(ated to =apanese history'
Page Prime )inister From To Notes
,tT Lirobumi #ec 22, &>>@ 0pr B0, &>>> &st ,tT
4uroda 4iyotaka 0pr B0, &>>> #ec 24, &>>?
Eamagata 0ritomo #ec 24, &>>? <ay :, &>?& &st Eamagata
<atsukata <asayoshi <ay :, &>?& 0ug >, &>?2 &st <atsukata
,tT Lirobumi 0ug >, &>?2 #ec B0, &>?? 2nd ,tT
<atsukata <asayoshi Sep &>, &>?: =an &2, &>?> 2nd <atsukata
,tT Lirobumi =an &2, &>?> =un B0, &>?> Brd ,tT
Skuma Shigenobu =un B0, &>?> o) >, &>?> &st Skuma
Eamagata 0ritomo o) >, &>?> Dct &?, &?00 2nd Eamagata
,tT Lirobumi Dct &?, &?00 =un 2, &?0& 4th ,tT
4atsura -arT =un 2, &?0& =an J, &?0: &st 4atsura
Saion8i 4inmochi =an J, &?0: =u( &4, &?0> &st Saion8i
4atsura -arT =u( &4, &?0> 0ug B0, &?&& 2nd 4atsura
Saion8i 4inmochi 0ug B0, &?&& #ec 2&, &?&2 2nd Saion8i
4atsura -arT #ec 2&, &?&2 "eb 20, &?&B Brd 4atsura
Eamamoto GonnohyTe "eb 20, &?&B 0pr &:, &?&4 &st Eamamoto
Skuma Shigenobu 0pr &:, &?&4 Dct ?, &?&: 2nd Skuma
-erauchi <asatake Dct ?, &?&: Sep 2?, &?&>
Lara 4ei Sep 2?, &?&> o) &B, &?2&
-akahashi 4orekiyo o) &B, &?2& =un &2, &?22
4atT -omosaburT =un &2, &?22 Sep 2, &?2B 4atT -omosaburT
Eamamoto GonnohyTe Sep 2, &?2B =an J, &?24 2nd Eamamoto
4iyoura 4eigo =an J, &?24 =un &&, &?24
4atT -akaaki =un &&, &?24 0ug 2, &?2@ &
st
4atT -akaaki
4atT -akaaki 0ug 2, &?2@ =an B0, &?2: 2
nd
4atT -akaaki
6akatsuki ;ei8irT =an B0, &?2: 0pr 20, &?2J &st 6akatsuki
-anaka Giichi 0pr 20, &?2J =u( 2, &?2? -anaka G'
Lamaguchi Dsachi =u( 2, &?2? 0pr &4, &?B&
6akatsuki ;ei8irT 0pr &4, &?B& #ec &B, &?B& 2nd 6akatsuki
,nukai -suyoshi #ec &B, &?B& <ay 2:, &?B2 check dates
SaitT <akoto <ay 2:, &?B2 =u( >, &?B4
3!7
Dkada 4eisuke =u( >, &?B4 <ar ?, &?B:
Lirota 4Tki <ar ?, &?B: "eb 2, &?BJ
Layashi Sen8XrT "eb 2, &?BJ =un 4, &?BJ
4onoe "umimaro =un 4, &?BJ =an @, &?B? &
st
4onoe
Liranuma 4iichirT =an @, &?B? 0ug B0, &?B?
0be obuyuki 0ug B0, &?B? =an &:, &?40
Eonai <itsumasa =an &:, &?40 =u( 22, &?40
4onoe "umimaro =u( 22, &?40 =u( &>, &?4& 2
nd
4onoe
4onoe "umimaro =u( &>, &?4& Dct &>, &?4& B
rd
4onoe
-T8T Lideki Dct &>, &?4& =u( 22, &?44
4oiso 4uniaki =u( 22, &?44 0pr J, &?4@
Su5uki 4antarT 0pr J, &?4@ 0ug &J, &?4@ Su5uki 4'
Ligashikuni aruhiko 0ug &J, &?4@ Dct ?, &?4@
Shidehara 4i8XrT Dct ?, &?4@ <ay 22, &?4:
Eoshida Shigeru <ay 22, &?4: <ay 24, &?4J &st Eoshida
4atayama -etsu <ay 24, &?4J <ar &0, &?4>
0shida Litoshi <ar &0, &?4> Dct &@, &?4>
Eoshida Shigeru Dct &@, &?4> "eb &:, &?4? 2
nd
Eoshida
Eoshida Shigeru "eb &:, &?4? Dct B0, &?@2 B
rd
Eoshida
Eoshida Shigeru Dct B0, &?@2 <ay 2&, &?@B 4
th
Eoshida
Eoshida Shigeru <ay 2&, &?@B #ec &0, &?@4 @
th
Eoshida
Latoyama ,chirT #ec &0, &?@4 <ar &?, &?@@ &
st
Latoyama
Latoyama ,chirT <ar &?, &?@@ o) 22, &?@@ 2
nd
Latoyama
Latoyama ,chirT o) 22, &?@@ #ec 2B, &?@: B
rd
Latoyama
,shibashi -an5an #ec 2B, &?@: "eb 2@, &?@J
4ishi obusuke "eb 2@, &?@J =un &2, &?@> &
st
4ishi
4ishi obusuke =un &2, &?@> =u( &?, &?:0 2
nd
4ishi
,keda Layato =u( &?, &?:0 #ec >, &?:0 &
st
,keda
,keda Layato #ec >, &?:0 #ec ?, &?:B 2
nd
,keda
,keda Layato #ec ?, &?:B o) ?, &?:4 B
rd
,keda
SatT Pisaku o) ?, &?:4 "eb &J, &?:J &
st
SatT
SatT Pisaku "eb &J, &?:J =an &4, &?J0 2
nd
SatT
SatT Pisaku =an &4, &?J0 =u( J, &?J2 B
rd
SatT
-anaka 4akuei =u( J, &?J2 #ec 22, &?J2 &
st
-anaka 4'
-anaka 4akuei #ec 22, &?J2 #ec ?, &?J4 2
nd
-anaka 4'
3!8
<iki -akeo #ec ?, &?J4 #ec 24, &?J:
"ukuda -akeo #ec 24, &?J: #ec J, &?J>
Shira <asayoshi #ec J, &?J> o) ?, &?J? &
st
Shira
Shira <asayoshi o) ?, &?J? =u( &>, &?>0 2
nd
Shira
Su5uki RenkT =u( &>, &?>0 o) 2:, &?>2 Su5uki R'
akasone Easuhiro o) 2:, &?>2 #ec 2J, &?>B &
st
akasone
akasone Easuhiro #ec 2J, &?>B =u( 22, &?>: 2
nd
akasone
akasone Easuhiro =u( 22, &?>: o) :, &?>J B
rd
akasone
-akeshita oboru o) :, &?>J =un 2, &?>?
!no Sosuke =un 2, &?>? 0ug &0, &?>? check datesF
4aifu -oshiki 0ug &0, &?>? "eb 2>, &??0 &
st
4aifu
4aifu -oshiki "eb 2>, &??0 o) @, &??& 2
nd
4aifu
<iya5a*a 4iichi o) @, &??& 0ug ?, &??B
Losoka*a <orihiro 0ug ?, &??B 0pr 2>, &??4
Lata -sutomu 0pr 2>, &??4 =un B0, &??4
<urayama -omiichi =un 2?, &??4 =an &&, &??:
Lashimoto ;yXtarT =an &&, &??: o) J, &??: &
st
Lashimoto
Lashimoto ;yXtarT o) J, &??: =u( B0, &??> 2
nd
Lashimoto
Dbuchi 4ei5T =u( B0, &??> 0pr @, 2000
<ori EoshirT 0pr @, 2000 =u( 4, 2000 &
st
<ori
<ori EoshirT =u( 4, 2000 0pr 2:, 200& 2
nd
<ori
4oi5umi =unGichirT 0pr 2:, 200&
Table 142Pi.e ?inistes) 1&&" to Pesent
3!
Alphabetical .i*t o! the %re!ecture*
Alp&abeti%al Eist of t&e refe%tures
-his tab(e is based on data from oritaka EagasakiGs Japan: Geographical 7er)
specti-es on an <sland Nation MyagasakiN&??JO, Brd Pdition, pub(ished by
-eikoku-Shoin, &??J'
Page Name &rea (km
*
) Capita Popuation
0ichi @,&@0 agoya :,JJ0,000
0kita &&,:&2 0kita &,220,000
0omori ?,:0@ 0omori &,@&0,000
Chiba @,&@: Chiba @,J>0,000
Phime @,:J@ <atsuyama &,@20,000
"ukui 4,&>> "ukui >B0,000
"ukuoka 4,?:> "ukuoka 4,?00,000
"ukushima &B,J>2 "ukushima 2,&40,000
Gifu &0,@?> Gifu 2,&00,000
Gunma :,B:B <aebashi 2,000,000
Liroshima >,4J@ Liroshima 2,>J0,000
LokkaidT >B,4@2 Sapporo @,:?0,000
LyTgo >,B>J 4Tbe @,420,000
,baraki :,0?4 <itT 2,?J0,000
,shika*a 4,&>@ 4ana5a*a &,&J0,000
,*ate &@,2J> <oriaki &,4B0,000
4aga*a &,>J@ -akamatsu &,0B0,000
4agoshima ?,&>: 4agoshima &,>00,000
4anaga*a 2,4&4 Eokohama >,&J0,000
4Tchi J,&04 4Tchi >B0,000
4umamoto J,40B 4umamoto &,>J0,000
4yTto 4,:&2 4yTto 2,@@0,000
<ie @,JJ4 -su &,>40,000
<iyagi J,2>@ Sendai 2,B&0,000
<iya5aki J,JB4 <iya5aki &,&?0,000
agano &B,@>@ agano 2,&?0,000
agasaki 4,0?& agasaki &,@@0,000
ara B,:?& ara &,440,000
iigata &2,@>2 iigata 2,4?0,000
Sita :,BBJ Sita &,240,000
Dkayama J,&&& Dkayama &,?@0,000
3"#
Alphabetical .i*t o! the %re!ecture*
Page Name &rea (km
*
) Capita Popuation
Dkina*a 2,2:: aha &,2?0,000
Ssaka &,>?2 Ssaka >,@?0,000
Saga 2,4B? Saga >?0,000
Saitama B,J?J !ra*a :,J20,000
Shiga 4,0&J Stsu &,2>0,000
Shimane :,J0J <atsue JJ0,000
Shi5uoka J,JJ? Shi5uoka B,JB0,000
-ochigi :,40> !tsunomiya &,?>0,000
-okushima 4,&44 -okushima >40,000
-TkyT 2,&>J -TkyT &&,@40,000
-ottori B,@0J -ottori :20,000
-oyama 4,42J -oyama &,&B0,000
6akayama 4,J24 6akayama &,&00,000
Eamagata ?,B2B Eamagata &,2:0,000
Eamaguchi :,&&0 Eamaguchi &,@@0,000
Eamanashi 4,4:@ 4Tfu >>0,000
Table 143Al(habetical Dist o! the Pe!ectues
3"!
%ro&ince* an- Corre*pon-ing %re!ecture*
ro4in%es and Correspondin' refe%tures
-his tab(e (ists the o(d pro)inces but is ordered by prefecture more or (ess from
north to south' -his makes it easier to see *hich pro)inces make up the current
prefectures' 0(so (isted are the region to *hich each prefecture / pro)ince be-
(ongs' -he first is the region as gi)en in the New Nelson's Kani Dictionary' e.t
to that is the region as gi)en by the o(der and sometimes (ess re(iab(e Historical
and Geographical Dictionary of Japan MpapinotN&?J2O'
Page Pro+ince Prefecture ,egion (Neson-s) ,egion (.G/0)
<utsu 0omori -Thoku
!go 0kita -Thoku -TsandT
;ikuchX ,*ate -Thoku -TsandT
;iku5en <iyagi -Thoku -TsandT
!5en Eamagata -Thoku -TsandT
,*ashiro "ukushima -Thoku -TsandT
,*aki "ukushima, <iyagi -Thoku -TsandT
Litachi ,baraki 4antT -TkaidT
Shimotsuke -ochigi 4antT -TsandT
4T5uke Gumma 4antT -TsandT
<usashi Saitama, -TkyT 4antT -TkaidT
Sagami 4anaga*a 4antT -TkaidT
ShimTsa Chiba 4antT -TkaidT
4a5usa Chiba 4antT -TkaidT
0*a Chiba 4antT -TkaidT
Pchigo iigata ChXbu LokurokudT
Sado iigata ChXbu LokurokudT
PtchX -oyama ChXbu LokurokudT
4aga ,shika*a ChXbu LokurokudT
oto ,shika*a ChXbu LokurokudT
Pchi5en "ukui ChXbu LokurokudT
6akasa "ukui ChXbu LokurokudT
Suruga Shi5uoka ChXbu -TkaidT
,5u Shi5uoka ChXbu -TkaidT
4ai Eamanashi ChXbu -TkaidT
Shinano agano ChXbu -TsandT
<ika*a 0ichi ChXbu -TkaidT
D*ari 0ichi ChXbu -TkaidT
3""
<ino Gifu ChXbu -TsandT
Lida Gifu ChXbu -TsandT
Smi Shiga 4inki -TsandT
Eamashiro 4yTto 4inki Go-4inai
-amba 4yTto 4inki SanGindT
-ango 4yTto 4inki SanGindT
,5umi Ssaka 4inki Go-4inai
4a*achi Ssaka 4inki Go-4inai
Eamato ara 4inki Go-4inai
4ii 6akayama 4inki ankaidT
,se <ie 4inki -TkaidT
,ga <ie 4inki -TkaidT
-a8ima LyTgo 4inki SanGindT
Settsu LyTgo 4inki Go-4inai
Larima LyTgo 4inki SanGyTdT
0*a8i LyTgo 4inki ankaidT
/i5en Dkayama ChXgoku SanGyTdT
/itchX Dkayama ChXgoku SanGyTdT
<imasaka Dkayama ChXgoku SanGyTdT
/ingo Liroshima ChXgoku SanGyTdT
0ki Liroshima ChXgoku SanGyTdT
agato Eamaguchi ChXgoku SanGyTdT
SuT Eamaguchi ChXgoku SanGyTdT
,naba -ottori ChXgoku SanGindT
LTki -ottori ChXgoku SanGindT
,5umo Shimane ChXgoku SanGindT
,*ami Shimane ChXgoku SanGindT
Dki Shimane ChXgoku SanGindT
Sanuki 4aga*a Shikoku ankaidT
,yo Phime Shikoku ankaidT
0*a -okushima Shikoku ankaidT
-osa 4Tchi Shikoku ankaidT
Chiku5en "ukuoka 4yXshX SaikaidT
/u5en "ukuoka 4yXshX SaikaidT
/ungo Sita 4yXshX SaikaidT
3"3
LyXga <iya5aki 4yXshX SaikaidT
Chikugo Saga 4yXshX SaikaidT
Li5en agasaki 4yXshX SaikaidT
,ki agasaki 4yXshX SaikaidT
-sushima agasaki 4yXshX SaikaidT
Ligo 4umamoto 4yXshX SaikaidT
Satsuma 4agoshima 4yXshX SaikaidT
Ssumi 4agoshima 4yXshX SaikaidT
;yXkyX Dkina*a ;yXkyX SaikaidT
Table 144Po=inces and Coes(ondin, Pe!ectues
3"4
Chronological .i*t o! Neng0
C&ronolo'i%al Eist of Nen'8
Sources3 New Nelson's Kani Dictionary and the Historical and Geographical
Dictionary of Japan MpapinotN&?J2O'
-he 1aka ...2 in the notes co(umn usua((y means that the (isted nengo 71...29 is
gi)en in Papinot as an a(ternate reading for the kan8i, but does not appear in the
(ist gi)en in e* e(sonGs'
Page Nengo From To Notes
-aika :4@ :4?
Lakuchi :@0 :@4
LakuchT :JB :>@
ShuchT :>: :>?
-aihT J0& J0B
4eiun J04 J0J aka 4yTun
6adT J0> J&4
;eiki J&@ J&:
ETrT J&J J2B
=inki J24 J2> aka Shinki
-empyT J2? J4>
-empyT-kampT J4? J4?
-empyT-shThT J4? J@:
-empyT-hT8i J@J J:4
-empyT-8ingo J:@ J:: aka -empyT-shingo
=ingo-keiun J:J J:?
LTki JJ0 J>0
-enGT J>& J>&
Pnryaku J>2 >0@
#aidT >0: >0?
4Tnin >&0 >2B
-enchT >24 >BB
ShT*a >B4 >4J aka =T*a
4a8T >4> >@0 aka 4ashT
4ashT >4> >@0 aka 4a8T
in8u >@& >@B
SaikT >@4 >@: aka SeikoVV
-ennan >@J >@> aka -enGanV
=Tgan >@? >J: aka =Tkan
3"5
Genkei >JJ >>4
inna >>@ >>> aka in*a
4ampyT >>? >?J
ShTtai >?> ?00
Pngi ?0& ?22
PnchT ?2B ?B0
ShThei ?B& ?BJ aka =Thei, ShThyT
-engyT ?B> ?4: aka -enkei
-enryaku ?4> ?@:
-entoku ?@J ?:0
S*a ?:& ?:B
4ThT ?:4 ?:J
0nna ?:> ?:? aka 0n*a
-enroku ?J0 ?J2
-enGen ?JB ?J@
=Tgen ?J: ?JJ aka -eigen
-engen ?J> ?>2
Pikan ?>B ?>4
4anna ?>@ ?>: aka 4an*a
Pien ?>J ?>>
Piso ?>? ?>?
ShTryaku ??0 ??4
ChTtoku ??@ ??>
ChThT ??? &00B
4ankT &004 &0&&
ChT*a &0&2 &0&:
4annin &0&J &020
=ian &02& &02B aka Chian
<an8u &024 &02J
ChTgen &02> &0B:
ChTryaku &0BJ &0B? aka ChTreki
ChTkyX &040 &04B
4antoku &044 &04@
PishT &04: &0@2 aka Pi8T
-engi &0@B &0@J
3"6
4Thei &0@> &0:4
=ireki &0:@ &0:> aka Chiryaku
PnkyX &0:? &0JB
=ThT &0J4 &0J: aka ShThT
ShTryaku &0JJ &0>0 aka =Treki
PihT &0>& &0>B
Stoku &0>4 &0>:
4an8i &0>J &0?B
4ahT &0?4 &0?@
PichT &0?: &0?:
=Ttoku &0?J &0?> aka ShTtoku
4T*a &0?? &&0B
ChT8i &&04 &&0@
4a8T &&0: &&0J aka 4ashT
-ennin &&0> &&0?
-enGei &&&0 &&&2
PikyX &&&B &&&J
GenGei &&&> &&&? aka GanGei
LTan &&20 &&2B
-en8i &&24 &&2@ aka -en8u
#ai8i &&2: &&B0 aka -ai8i
-enshT &&B& &&B&
ChTshT &&B2 &&B4 aka ChT8T VV
LTen &&B@ &&40
Pi8i &&4& &&4&
4T8i &&42 &&4B
-enGyT &&44 &&44
4yXan &&4@ &&@0
impei &&@& &&@B aka impyT
4yX8u &&@4 &&@@
LTgen &&@: &&@>
Lei8i &&@? &&@? aka /yT8i
Piryaku &&:0 &&:0
ShT &&:& &&:2
ChTkan &&:B &&:4
3"7
Piman &&:@ &&:@
innan &&:: &&:> aka inGan
4aT &&:? &&J0
ShTan &&J& &&J4 aka =Tan
0ngen &&J@ &&J:
=ishT &&JJ &&>0 aka =i8T
ET*a &&>& &&>&
=uei &&>2 &&>B
Genryaku &&>4 &&>4 aka Ganryaku, Genreki
/un8i &&>@ &&>?
4enkyX &&?0 &&?>
ShT8i &&?? &200
4ennin &20& &20B
GenkyX &204 &20@
4enGei &20: &20:
=Tgen &20J &2&0 aka ShTgen
4enryaku &2&& &2&2
4empT &2&B &2&>
=TkyX &2&? &22& aka ShTkyX
=TT &222 &22B aka -eiT
Gennin &224 &224
4aroku &22@ &22:
0ntei &22J &22>
4anki &22? &2B&
=Tei &2B2 &2B2 aka -eiei
-empuku &2BB &2BB
/unryaku &2B4 &2B4
4atei &2B@ &2BJ
;yakunin &2B> &2B>
PnGT &2B? &2B?
in8i &240 &242
4angen &24B &24:
LT8i &24J &24>
4enchT &24? &2@@
4Tgen &2@: &2@:
3"8
ShTka &2@J &2@>
ShTgen &2@? &2@?
/unGT &2:0 &2:0
4TchT &2:& &2:B
/unGei &2:4 &2J4
4en8i &2J@ &2JJ
4Tan &2J> &2>J
ShTT &2>> &2?2
Pinin &2?B &2?>
ShTan &2?? &B0&
4engen &B02 &B02
4agen &B0B &B0@
-oku8i &B0: &B0J
PnkyT &B0> &B&0 aka Pnkei
SchT &B&& &B&&
ShT*a &B&2 &B&:
/umpT &B&J &B&>
GenGT &B&? &B20
GenkT &B2& &B2B aka GenkyT
ShTchX &B24 &B2@
4aryaku &B2: &B2> aka 4areki
Gentoku &B2? &BB0
GenkT &BB& &BBB
4emmu &BB4 &BB@ see pg 2J0
Pngen &BB: &BB?
;yakuT &BB> &B4& orthern
4Tkoku &B40 &B4@
4Tei &B42 &B44 orthern
-ei*a &B4@ &B4? orthern
ShThei &B4: &B:? aka ShThyT
4anGT &B@0 &B@& orthern
/un*a &B@2 &B@@ orthern
Pmbun &B@: &B:0 orthern
4Tan &B:& &B:2 orthern
=T8i &B:2 &B:J orthern
3"
San &B:> &BJ4 orthern
4entoku &BJ0 &BJ&
Pi*a &BJ@ &BJ> orthern
4Tryaku &BJ? &B>0 orthern
GenchX &B>0 &B>2
Pitoku &B>& &B>B orthern
4T*a &B>& &B>B
Shitoku &B>4 &B>: orthern
4akei &B>J &B>> orthern
4TT &B>? &B>? orthern
<eitoku &B?0 &B?B orthern
<eitoku &B?B &B?B Southern
Sei &B?4 &42J
ShTchT &42> &42>
PikyT &42? &440
4akitsu &44& &44B
/unnan &444 &44> aka /unGan
LTtoku &44? &4@&
4yTtoku &4@2 &4@4 aka 4Ttoku
4TshT &4@@ &4@:
ChTroku &4@J &4@?
4anshT &4:0 &4:@
/unshT &4:: &4::
Snin &4:J &4:>
/ummei &4:? &4>:
ChTkyT &4>J &4>> aka ChTkT
Pntoku &4>? &4?&
<eiT &4?2 &@00
/unki &@0& &@0B
PishT &@04 &@20
#aiei &@2& &@2J aka -aiei
4yTroku &@2> &@B&
-emmon &@B2 &@@4 aka -embun
4T8i &@@@ &@@J
Piroku &@@> &@:?
33#
Genki &@J0 &@J2
-enshT &@JB &@?&
/unroku &@?2 &@?@
4eichT &@?: &:&4
Genna &:&@ &:2B aka Gen*a
4anGei &:24 &:4B
ShThT &:44 &:4J
4eian &:4> &:@&
=TT &:@2 &:@4 aka ShTT
<eireki &:@@ &:@J
<an8i &:@> &::0
4ambun &::& &:J2
PmpT &:JB &:>0
-enna &:>& &:>B aka -en*a
=TkyT &:>4 &:>J aka -eikyT
Genroku &:>> &J0B
LTei &J04 &J&0
ShTtoku &J&& &J&@
4yThT &J&: &JB@
Gembun &JB: &J40
4ampT &J4& &J4B
PnkyT &J44 &J4J
4anGen &J4> &J@0
LTreki &J@& &J:B
<ei*a &J:4 &JJ&
0nGei &JJ2 &J>0
-emmei &J>& &J>>
4ansei &J>? &>00
4yT*a &>0& &>0B
/unka &>04 &>&J
/unsei &>&> &>2?
-empT &>B0 &>4B
4Tka &>44 &>4J
4aei &>4> &>@B
0nsei &>@4 &>@?
33!
<anGen &>:0 &>:0
/unkyX &>:& &>:B
Gen8i &>:4 &>:4 aka Gan8i
4eiT &>:@ &>:J
<ei8i &>:> &?&2
-aishT &?&2 &?2@
ShT*a &?2: &?>>
Leisei &?>?
Table 14"Chonolo,ical Dist o! Nen,o
33"
.i*t o! the 1h0gun
Eist of t&e #&8'un
7ama+ura #&8'unate
Page Name (irth (egin %n# /eath
<inamoto Eoritomo &&4J &&?2 &&?? &&??
<inamoto Eoriie &&>2 &202 &20B &204
<inamoto Sanetomo &&?2 &20B &2&? &2&?
"u8i*ara Eoritsune &2&> &22: &244 &2@:
"u8i*ara Eoritsugu &2B? &244 &2@2 &2@:
<unetaka &242 &2@2 &2:: &2J4
4oreyasu &2:4 &2:: &2>? &B2:
Lisaakira &2J4 &2>? &B0> &B2>
<orikuni &B0& &B0> &BBB &BBB
<orinaga &B0> &BBB &BB4 &BB@
arinaga &B2@ &BB4 &BB> &BB>
Table 14$Dist o! the Ka.akua #h,un
As&i+a'a #&8'unate
0shikaga -akau8i &B0> &BB> &B@> &B@>
0shikaga Eoshiakira &BB0 &B@> &B:J &B:>
0shikaga Eoshimitsu &B@> &B:J &B?@ &40>
0shikaga Eoshimochi &B>: &B?@ &42B &42>
0shikaga Eoshika5u &40J &42B &42@ &42@
0shikaga Eoshinori &B?4 &42> &44& &44&
0shikaga Eoshikatsu &4BB &44& &44B &44B
0shikaga Eoshimasa &4B@ &44? &4J4 &4?0
0shikaga Eoshihisa &4:@ &4J4 &4>? &4>?
0shikaga Eoshitane &4:@ &4?0 &4?B &@22
0shikaga Eoshi5umi &4J> &4?B &@0> &@&&
0shikaga Eoshitane &4:@ &@0> &@2& &@22
0shikaga Eoshiharu &@&0 &@2& &@4@ &@@0
0shikaga Eoshiteru &@B@ &@4@ &@:@ &@:@
0shikaga Eoshihide &@:4 &@:> &@:> &@:>
0shikaga Eoshiaki &@BJ &@:> &@JB &@?J
Table 14%Dist o! the Ashika,a #h,un
333
)okugawa 1h0gunate
To+u'a)a #&8'unate
-okuga*a ,eyasu &@42 &:0B &:0@ &:&:
-okuga*a Lidetada &@J? &:0@ &:2B &:B2
-okuga*a ,emitsu &:04 &:2B &:@& &:@&
-okuga*a ,etsuna &:4& &:@& &:>0 &:>0
-okuga*a -sunayoshi &:4: &:>0 &J0? &J0?
-okuga*a ,enobu &::2 &J0? &J&2 &J&2
-okuga*a ,etsugu &J0? &J&2 &J&: &J&:
-okuga*a Eoshimune &:>4 &J&: &J4@ &J@&
-okuga*a ,eshige &J&& &J4@ &J:0 &J:&
-okuga*a ,eharu &JBJ &J:0 &J>: &J>:
-okuga*a ,enari &JJB &J>: &>BJ &>4&
-okuga*a ,eyoshi &J?B &>BJ &>@B &>@B
-okuga*a ,esada &>24 &>@B &>@> &>@>
-okuga*a ,emochi &>4: &>@> &>:: &>::
-okuga*a 4eiki &>BJ &>:: &>:>
Table 14&Dist o! the Toku,a1a #h,un
334
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"". 4ow to u*e thi* .icen*e !or your -ocument*
/iblio'rap&y
MbryantN&??@O /ryant, 0nthony =', Sekigahara 14==: !he /inal Struggle for
7ower, Dsprey, &??@
MhiyamaN&??4O Liyama Eoshiaki, , 4an8insha, &??4
MhunterN&?>4O Lunter, =anet P', %oncise Dictionary of Japanese History,
!ni)ersity of Ca(ifornia Press, &?>4
MkahnN&??:O 4ahn, #a)id, !he %odebreakers: !he Story of Secret *riting,
Schribner, &??:
MkahnN2004O 4ahn, #a)id, !he (eader of Gentlemen's Mail0 Herbert ,; 8ardley
and the $irth of #merican %odebreaking, Ea(e !ni)ersity Press, 2004
MpapinotN&?J2O Papinot, P', Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan,
Char(es P' -utt(e Co', ,nc',
MsansomN&?:&O Sansom, George /', # History of Japan0 1223)1415, Stanford
!ni)ersity Press, &?:&
Mtakaga*aN200BO -akaga*a, -oshio, , PLP, 200B
Mturnbu((N&??>O -urnbu((, Stephan, !he Samurai Sourcebook, Casse(( W Co',
&??>
MyagasakiN&??JO Eagasaki, oritaka, Japan: Geographical 7erspecti-es on an
<sland Nation, -eikoku-Shoin, &??J
Myard(eyN&?B&O Eard(ey, Lerbert D', #merican $lack %hamber0 !he, /obbs-
<erri((, &?B&
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