phenomenon, our approach followed the idea of Terror Genesis From The Big THE VOICE OF TERROR Between the Islamic Law and Civilization Consciousness ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ General Questor Anghel ANDREESCU, PhD ~ State Secretary The Romanian Ministry of Interior and Administration Reform ~ Lieutenant Colonel Nicolae RADU, PhD ~ Chief of the Centre for Psychological Expertise and Assistance, Department for Protection and Guarding (SPP) ~ Encyclopaedia of Jihad to the Hamas Covenant and the White al-Qaeda and Terror Network From the Black September to the White al-Qaeda. This study analyses the meaning of terrorism taking into consideration reference materials such as: Big Encyclopaedia of Jihad, The letter from an al-Qaeda member, and last but not least How to withstand and to confront special services investigators. Specific Conceptualisations According to the theories concerning prevention and fight against terrorism (Law 535/2004), terrorism means the actions and/or threats, which are public risks and concern national security. According to the US Department of Defense, terrorism means the unlawful use of or threatened use of force or violence against individuals or property to coerce or intimidate governments or societies, often to achieve political, religious, or ideological objectives. In order to achieve their goals, terrorists resort to a wide range of terrorist practices, as follows: political murders, kidnappings, bomb and guns attacks. F The article is an analysis of the meaning of terrorism. Firstly, some definitions of terrorism are provided. Secondly, the main goal of terrorist activities is emphasised that of bringing fear and terror, the authors showing that, no matter the terrorist group considered, to understand terrorist behaviour, one must study the terrorist psychopathology. Then, some statistics are provided with a view to identifying some of terrorists psychological traits, in strict connection to their social background. Thirdly, the authors show that, in spite of terrorism violent character, to consider Islam as a violent religion is more than a mistake. To support this idea, they bring examples from Sharia the Islamic Law. That is why, the authors invite us to give up the expression Islamic terrorist for terrorist who abusively make use of Islam. To conclude, the authors show that terrorism remains the price paid by the Western society for its hegemony and for the enforcement of democratic principles in the world. Romanian Military Thinking ~ 2/2007 126 Their victims are statesmen, businessmen, remarkable people from cultural and science fields, policemen, journalists, and even women, old people or children. Richly subscribing to the well-known specialists remarks (Burgess; Eva-Ildiko Delcea, 2006), according to whom starting now to define terrorism will be such a complex and unbiased (objective) matter, so that we may say that it is rather up to the artistic side than to the scientific one, terrorism can be perceived as a special social phenomenon, at the beginning of this century and millennium, with a complex nature through its multiple ways, worldwide related. Without claiming an exhaustive documentary work, the content of this paper is part of an in-depth research, structured General Questor Anghel ANDREESCU, PhD on six chapters. The main topic is dedicated to: Decoding the terrorist phenomenon. The authors intention would not be realistic if it did not bring to general attention the need for terrorist phenomenon conceptualisation, based on the meanings derived from documents such as: The Big Encyclopaedia of Jihad or The letter from an al-Qaeda member. The Daily Psychopathology Within this context, the Jihad interpretation (Reinischer Merkur, 2005) and the reference materials from the Jewish Virtual Library as well as from the Polish Terrorism Centre are very significant in decoding and understanding the terrorist phenomenon. Even though the Islamic masters do not recommend violence (Reinischer Merkur, 2005), a study carried out by Laiden University from The Netherlands concluded that the violence element was present in 83% of the registered terrorism cases, the political targets represented 65%, and 51% had as a main goal to bring fear and terror (Schmid and co, 1984). The meaning of terrorism is given by the violent manifestations, precisely oriented and very well organized, that bring an apocalyptical image and are to create a terrifying psychosis of terror even in peacetime, including a great variety of activities during periods of crisis or war. Contemporary terrorism is already a type of war, marking numerous manifestations, briefly described in the previous articles. Using an analytical approach to terrorist behaviour, regardless the terrorist group to be investigated dynamite men from the Jewish organisation STERN, Palestinian Fedains, the Islamic fundamentalists, or the Chechens Black Widows, one major aspect to be considered is that in order to understand the terrorist, one must study the terrorist psychopathology (Frattasio, 2006) and identify the genesis of terror. Statistics and Attempts The recorded data from local and foreign mass-media (http://stiri.neogen.ro; Le Monde, August 4, 2005, shows that, compared to 175 terrorist attacks in 2003, 391 terrorist activities took place in 2005/2006 (compared to 288 terrorist attacks occured during the same period of 2004/2005). 127 Geopolitics Geostrategy International Security In this context, a lot of the latest successful attempts have been directed towards statesmen (12.03.2003 Serbia and Montenegros Prime Minister, Zoran Djindjici; 13.02.2004 the Chechen President Zelimkhan Iandarbiev; the Afghan Air Force Minister Mirwais Sadiq; the President of Taiwan Khen Shui-Bian; 09.05.2004, Groznyy, the Chechen President Ahmad Kadirov). The terrorists acts against public institutions and structures require a special attention (11.03.2002 3 railway-stations from Madrid, Spain 191 dead people; 12.10.2002 a night-club and a restaurant from the Bali Island, Indonesia 202 dead people; 23.10.2002 Moscow Theatre Russia 120 dead people; 09.12.2003 Lieutenant Colonel Nicolae RADU, PhD the National Hotel, Moscow, Russia 6 dead people and 10 injured people; the school in Beslan, 03.09.2004 North Osetia 329 dead people and 500 injured people) (Ciobanu, 2006). The complexity, diversity and ingenuousness of the terrorist acts, the psychological and fighting level, the assets and mobility of the terrorist structures like Al-Qaeda, Fatah, Hamas, Turkish Hezbollah, Al-Dawa or ETA have called the attention on the need for immediate adjustment of the antiterrorist structures to the extending terrorist phenomenon scourge of the present times (Andreescu and co, 2003) as this phenomenon is more than an improvisation, more than simple murder or bomb attempt. The terrorist actions from September 11, 2001, in USA, March 11, 2004, in Madrid and those from July 7, 2005, in London, as well as those in Beslan and Moscow, proved that modern terrorists can hit any objective, anywhere, trying to change, through terror, certain decisions, even political ones (Andreescu, 2006). Societys Rebels Strange or psychopathological behaviours (Delcea, 2006), noticeable at a series of terrorists from groups such as AUM (The Supreme Truth), the Japanese group or ANO (Abu Nidal Organisation), amplify violence, their actions lacking in any form of compassion for the victims. A survey performed on 250 terrorists from Germany reveals that 25% of the enquired people have lost one parent before reaching 14, 79% have had arguments with their parents and 33% have described their fathers in a hostile manner (Brad, 2004). It results from the same research that 33% have been formerly convicted by a juvenile court. Unacceptability of the established order, secretly considered a form of disguised oppression, represents the most frequent type of profile for the psychopathic terrorist. Rebel youngsters are the first to be oriented towards terrorist organizations (Gurr, 1970). Placed at communitys periphery, being born into a disadvantaged environment, haunted by an inferiority complex and feeling unfulfilled, the psychopaths of terror try to take revenge on a society in which they could not fit, on a way of life incompatible with their deviant psychology. Romanian Military Thinking ~ 2/2007 128 The Panic Psychology Creating a status of general fear within people, of general discouragement by using sarin gases, VX, by attacking atomic plants, sabotaging hazardous materials transports, targets from the energetic area, oil areas, natural gases are an already acknowledged goal of the al-Qaeda network. It could be said that terror represents a state of mind present in every human being and during his whole life (Fratassio, 2006). Terrorism is not stupid violence as it is often considered but, no matter how unusual and illegal it could be or it may seem to be, it has a certain purpose. Terrorism adopts a certain cause, usually a political one, it has a certain formation and structure and a certain professional specialization of those who are in charge of accomplishing missions. Ali Ahmed Ali Hamad himself, the former al-Qaeda commander, who fought in the Bosnian War between 1992-1995, confirms the extension of al-Qaeda Network in the whole Balkan area and from here towards the EU. Hamad, who is now in a Bosnian prison, in a recently interview published in the German magazine Der Spiegel, affirms that the terrorist network from the Balkans acts as the White al-Qaeda and that it is made of mujahideen, integrated in the Bosnian society, most of all, participants in the Bosnian War between 1992-1995. About 400 native Bosnians, who have been trained regarding the fighting methods of the terrorists organization, fight in mujahideen units (Hamad, 2006). Convicted by His Own Words Osama bin Laden, the al-Qaeda leader is a Muslim who gives his own interpretation to Jihad (Felder, 2005). On a recording from October 7, 2001, he said that God blessed a significant Muslim group, the Vanguard of Islam, in order to destroy America (Al-Jazeera, 2001). This statement represented the grounds for immediate reactions such as: al-Qaeda is not accredited to talk in the name of the Muslims (Akhbar Al Arab, 2001), its leader should speak for Islam as well as for the good reputation of the religion (Canadian Muslim Association for Civil Freedoms, 2001). The Civilization Conscience To consider Islam as a violent religion is more than a mistake. It is a peaceful religion that does not agree with killing innocent people (Bacchinocchi, 2002). Islam is the religion of liberty, peace, kindness and mercy (Rashid, 2003). The Malaysian Prime Minister assembled 50 important clerks, asking them to disapprove terrorism, to deny the connection between terrorism and Islam otherwise, as the Prime Minister put it: we shouldnt be surprised if we become suspects (Felder, 2005). Islam reprobates each terrorist act. Furthermore, any reprehensive act is a breach of the Islamic Law Sharia, as well as of the human logic (Sultan bin Abdulaziz, 2002). Taking into consideration all these, it is necessary to give up the expression Islamic terrorist in order to use terrorist who abusively makes use of Islam(Andreescu, 2006). More and more Muslims begin to see the USA as a colonial power which, together with Israel, holds the most important places of the Islamic religion (Cadran politic, 2007). 129 Geopolitics Geostrategy International Security The reasons for terrorists fight against the USA are not generated by the freedom of democracy but by the USA policy and actions in Muslims areas (Cadran politic, 2007). If somebody lifts hands against you, catch and kill them anywhere you find them. We are giving you justified power against them (Sura, 22, 39-41). Advice to Reflection Starting from the aspects that we intend to return to through specific themes, a few well-known specialists (Moisescu, Andreescu; Antipa, 2004; Delcea, 2006) have tried to answer some questions in order to define the phenomenon and to find out the most appropriate solutions: Is there a conflict between civilizations, meaning between the West and the Islamic civilization ? Why cannot the West understand the Islamic Civilization and why is it always in charge of master, sometimes a too severe one ? Which are the motivations in training terrorists and how can they keep alive the devotion for suicidal acts, taking into consideration that some terrorist have lived and trained in the West ? The questions could go on in the same manner, but some complementary explanations are necessary: Starting with the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 in the USA, some changes have taken place as far as the USA programs and policies are concerned and a series of laws regarding the fight against terrorism (US PATRIOT Act, Terrorist Exclusion List ~TEL or Public LAW 107-56) have been adopted. Changes of opinion related to the states goals and position in the fight against terrorism have been noted (Inter-American Convention against Terrorism Barbados, June 2002) going to even establish new antiterrorists displaceable units able to dispatch activities meant to annihilate terrorist groups activities. In the context of The Treaty of Prum on May 27, 2005, the prevention and fighting against the acts characterized as terrorist crimes, represent the reason for adopting the highest cooperation standards made possible through improved information exchange, prevention of terrorists acts and creation of sky marshals. Disregarding the real aspects of contemporary society by the West helps terrorism globalisation, the media dissemination of the war image Islam-West, increasing the already existing feeling of uncertainty. The antiterrorist campaign should not become a war statement against the Arab people, having about 350 million citizens, divided in 22 countries. The candidates for terrorist acts (Kamikaze Terrorists) are trained by imams to kill or to let themselves killed as, according to the theory, death brings them closer to Heaven, closer to Allah. The Promised paradise results also from the following verses: Those who are leaving their homes in the name of Allah and die for this cause, He will take good care of them (Sura, 2, 23) and they will enjoy there forever (Sura, 36, 55-56). 130 Romanian Military Thinking ~ 2/2007 Without claiming an exhaustive documentary work, or the subject depletion, we conclude, taking into consideration the facts, that terrorism remains the price paid by the Western society for its hegemony and also for the enforcement of democratic principles in the world (Andreescu, 2006). Selective Bibliography Andreescu, A., 11 septembrie provocarea secolului XXI n materie de terorism, Ed. Artprint, Bucure[ti, 2002. Andreescu, A. et al, Terorismul international flagel al lumii contemporane, Ed. Ministerului Administra]iei [i Internelor, Bucure[ti, 2003. Andreescu, A., Current Terrorism A Fatality ?, in Romanian Military Thinking Journal, No. 4, 2006. Andreescu, A., Radu, N., Terrorism From the Big Encyclopaedia of Jihad to the Hamas Covenant and the White al Qaeda, in Romanian Military Thinking Journal, No. 1, 2007. Andreescu, A., Radu, N., Geneza Terorii. M`suri corelative antiteroriste, Ed. Artprint, Bucure[ti, 2007. Andreescu, A., Radu, N., Re]eaua terorii. De la Septembrie Negru la al-Qaeda Alb`, in Gndirea Militar` Romneasc` Journal, No. 2, 2007. Albu, C., Caracteristici specifice profesiei de lupt`tor antiterorist. Referat Teza de doctorat, Universitatea Na]ional` de Ap`rare, Bucure[ti, 2006. Bacchiocchi, S., Curierul Ortodox, nr. 10 (135), 12 octombrie, 2002. Burgess, M., Delcea, E.I., Problematica definirii terorismului, n Terorismul Azi, vol IV - VI, an 1, oct.-dec. 2006. Ciobanu, N., Reevaluarea m`surilor de prevenire [i combatere a terorismului. Manuscris, Bucure[ti, 2006. Delcea, C., Terorismul interna]ional, n Terorismul Azi, vol. 1, an 1, iulie, 2006. Frattasio, A., Epistemologia terorii, Ed. ERA, Bucuresti, 2006. Felder, G., Sharia nu trebuie s`-[i aib` locul n Europa, Interviu cu Bassam Tibi ( trad. Gliga, N. , n http://ro.alternative.info), 2005. Hamad, A.A., Weibe Qaida in Bosnien, in Der Spiegel, Decembre, 2006; see also www.spiegel/ politik/ ausland. Marret, J.L., Tehnicile terorismului / 11 septembrie 2002, Ed. Corint, Bucure[ti, 2002. Moisescu, F., G.; Andreescu, A.; Antipa, M., Terorismul Amenin]are major` asupra democra]iei secolului XXI, Ed. Universit`]ii Na]ionale de Ap`rare, Bucure[ti, 2004. Brigadier Neagoe, V., Methods to Combat Acts of Terrorism in Theatres of Operations, in Romanian Military Thinking Journal, No. 1, 2007. Ni]`, D., Terorismul Kamikaze, Ed. ANTET, Oradea, 2006. Peters, H., P., Mass media [i terorismul. Canal de informare [i aren` public`, in Terorismul Azi, vol II, year 1, August, 2006. Radu, N., Recurs la Siguran]a Statului, Ed. FED PRINT, Bucure[ti, 2005. Schmid, A. P., et al, Political Terrorism ~ A New Guide To Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories and Literature, Amsterdam, North Holland Publishing Company, 1988; see also www.amayon.com/ exe/obidos/tg/detail Major General Silion, C., Determin`ri ale terorismului interna]ional asupra securit`]ii nationale, in Gndirea Militar` Romneasc` Journal, No. 2, 2007. Sultan bin Abdulaziz , Declara]ie, in O Analiz` a Terorismului n Lume ~ 2002, Ministerul de Externe al Statelor Unite, DIACRIS International, 2001, USA. Lieutenant General Stoina, N., (2002), Megaterorismul - provocarea mileniului III, 2002, in http://actrus.ro. xxx Declara]ie. Asocia]ia Musulman` Canadian` pentru Libert`]ile Civile, in nfrngerea Terorii, U.S. Department of State, http:// usinfo.state.gov; see also Akhbar Al Arab, 2001. xxx Cadran politic. Al Qaeda, port stindardul fundamentalismului islamic ?, Bucure[ti, 2007. xxx Legea nr. 535 privind prevenirea [i combaterea terorismului, 25 noiembrie 2004, n M. 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