1

7. TRI GONOMETRI C FUNCTI ONS

Synopsis :
1. Let R. Take an angle of measure radians in the standard position. Let P(x, y) be a point on the
terminal side of the angle such that OP =r( >0). Then
i)
r
y
is called sine of and it is denoted by sin.
ii)
r
x
is called cosine of and it is denoted by cos
iii)
x
y
(x 0) is called tangent of and it is denoted by tan.
iv)
y
x
(y 0) is called cotangent of and it is denoted by cot.
v)
x
r
(x 0) is called secant of and it is denoted by sec.
vi)
y
r
(y 0) is called cosecant of and it is denoted by cosec.
These six functions (ratios) are called trigonometric functions (ratios).
2. sin.cosec =1, sin =
ec cos
1
, cosec =
sin
1

3. cos.sec =1, cos =
sec
1
, sec =
cos
1

4. tan.cot =1, tan =
cot
1
, cot =
tan
1

5. =

cot
sin
cos
, tan
cos
sin

6. sin
2
+cos
2
=1,
sin
2
=1 cos
2
,
cos
2
=1 sin
2

7. 1+tan
2
=sec
2
, tan
2
=sec
2
1, sec
2
tan
2
=1.
8. 1 +cot
2
=cosec
2
, cot
2
=cosec
2
1,
cosec
2
cot
2
=1.
9. sec +tan =
tan sec
1
.
Trigonometric Functions
2
10. cosec +cot =
cot ec cos
1
.
11. The values of the trigonometric functions of some standard angles :

0 /6 /4 /3 /2 3/2 2
sin 0 1/2 1/ 2 3 /2 1 0 1 0
cos 1 3 /2 1/ 2 1/2 0 1 0 1
12. Trigonometric functions of 2n +; nZ
1) sin(2n +) =sin, cos(2n +) =cos
2) tan(2n +) =tan, cot(2n +) =cot
3) sec(2n +) =sec, cosec(2n +) =cosec
13. Trigonometric functions of (), for all values of
1) sin() =sin , 2) cos() =cos ,
3) tan() =tan , 4) cot() =cot ,
5) sec() =sec , 6) cosec() =cosec
14. The values of trigonometric functions of any angle can be represented in terms of an angle in the
first quadrant
Let A =n.

2
where nZ,
2
0

. Then
i)

2
. n sin =sin , if n is even
=cos , if n is odd
ii) cos

2
. n =cos , if n is even
=sin , if n is odd
iii) tan

2
. n =tan , if n is even
=cot , if n is odd
iv) cot

2
. n =cot , if n is even
=tan , if n is odd
v) sec

2
. n =sec , if n is even
=cosec , if n is odd
vi) cosec

2
. n =cosec , if n is even
=sec , if n is odd