bi:

Cho l in c m t bi :

G(p) =
Hy xc !nh b" i# ch$nh %&' cho m(ch )n* ch+nh, phn h-i c h ./ 0 = 1
2ho .t t34n my t+nh ( )5 6c t+nh 7# ", th8y 9i cc h ./, 0ho .t .8i ./ 7# "
) .8i ./ t:nh, th;i *i8n 7# " )
<=p > :
2 = ?
@ = A
@ = BCD
Ei lm
F=i /i tGHn* l 0hI# 7#n t+nh bJc nhKt c t3L nhG .8#:
M(p)=
CK# t3Nc cO8 h th/n* .5 nhG .8#:

1C @hiPt 0P b" i# 0hiQn
1C1 %hGRn* php SiT*lT3U Vichol thW nhKt
C X b" i# ch$nh:

Yp Z[n* )o bi ton 6t 38 t8 c X b" i# 0hiQn nhG .8#:

% %& %&'
0
@ AC<
@
1CA %hGRn* php SiT*lT3U Vichol. thW h8i
M5 GHc xTm x\t .8#
1CX %hGRn* php t/i G# m #n
F tG tGn* cO8 phGRn* php .5 GHc xTm x\t .8#C 'G=i Iy .5 t3]nh by cc bG=c
Q th^c hin phGRn* php
Bc 1C Ch#yQn /i tGHn* 7#n t+nh bJc 1 c t3L .8n* 7#n t+nh bJc h8i
/i tGHn* m=i .5 c Z(n* nhG .8#:
G(p)=
Bc 2C _c !nh cc th8m ./ b" i# 0hiQn
F=i /i tGHn* nhG t34n th] b" i# 0hiQn .5 l %& )=i cc th8m ./ cO8 b" i# 0hiQn nhG
.8#:
`(p)= 0 (1a )
@3on* @ = @ =BCb
2 = = BC>
2. M phng bng my tnh
/i tGHn* m phcn* bdn* my t+nh lNc ny l
G(p) =
Yp Z[n* )=i phGRn* php t/i G# m #n, t8 c b" i# ch$nh:
`(p)= BCXXe(1a )
Mf Z[n* Mim#lin0 cO8 g8tl8b m phcn* t8 c 0Pt 7#:
% %& %&'
0 BCb BChA BCiD
@ 1CDh 1
@ BCA?