6700 R

BGDT
PTNTH
B GIO DC V O TO
Phng th nghim T ng ha
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
S1 - i C Vit H Ni
Nghin cu, thit k v ch to b pht in bng sc gi

c cng sut 10-30kW ph hp vi iu kin Vit Nam
PGS. TSKH. Nguyn Phng Quang
H Ni, thng 3/2007
Bn quyn thuc PTNTH

n xin sao chp ton b hoc tng phn ti liu ny phi gi n Gim c
PTNTH tr trng hp s dng vi mc ch nghin cu
B gio dc v o to
trng i hc bch khoa h ni
Bo co tng kt ti khoa hc cp nh nc
Nghin cu thit k v ch to
b pht in bng sc gi c cng sut 1030KW ph hp vi iu kin vit nam
M s KC 06.20CN
Ch nhim ti: gs, tskh. nguyn phng quang
6700
24/12/2007
h ni - 2007
PTNTH
B GIO DC V O TO
Phng th nghim T ng ha
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
S1 - i C Vit H Ni
Nghin cu, thit k v ch to b pht in bng sc gi

c cng sut 10-30kW ph hp vi iu kin Vit Nam
H Ni, thng 3/2007

Bn tho vit xong thng 3/2007
Ti liu ny c chun b trn c s kt qu thc hin ti cp

Nh nc, m s KC.06.20CN
Danh sch nhng ngi thc hin

S
TT
H tn
C quan cng tc
PGS. TSKH. Nguyn

Phng Quang
ThS. L Anh Tun
KS. Ph Kim Phc
ThS. Trng Xun

Hng
KS. Chu nh c
KS. Phm V Dng
ThS. Triu c Long
ThS. Phm Trung

Kin
PTN T ng ha,
HBK H Ni
PTN T ng ha,
HBK H Ni
PTN T ng ha,
HBK H Ni
PTN T ng ha,
HBK H Ni
PTN T ng ha,
HBK H Ni
PTN T ng ha,
HBK H Ni
PTN T ng ha,
HBK H Ni
B mn iu khin t
ng, HBK H Ni
TS. Quc Quang
Vin Cng ngh, B CN
10
TS. Nguyn nh
Kin
Vin C hc Vit Nam
11
ThS. Xun Ngi
Hc vin K thut qun

s
12
KS. Trn Xun

Thnh
Vin Cng ngh, B CN
13
TS. Bi c Hng
14
TS. Phm Anh Tun
B mn Thit b in,
HBK H Ni
Vin C hc Vit Nam
Ni dung tham gia

Ch nhim ti
Thnh vin nhm
ti KC.06.20CN
Thnh vin nhm
ti KC.06.20CN
Thnh vin nhm
ti KC.06.20CN
Thnh vin nhm
ti KC.06.20CN
Thnh vin nhm
ti KC.06.20CN
Thnh vin nhm
ti KC.06.20CN
Thnh vin nhm
ti KC.06.20CN
H thng ct thp
(chng 2)
Thnh vin nhm TS.
Quc Quang
Thnh vin nhm TS.
Quc Quang
Thnh vin nhm TS.
Quc Quang
Mc 1.2.2 v 1.2.3
Mc 1.3.2
Ngoi danh sch nhng ngi thc hin phn chuyn mn k trn, ti cn
c s ng gp cng sc ca nhiu thnh vin PTN T ng ha nh PGS. TS.
Bi Quc Khnh (Gim c Trung tm Nghin cu - Trin khai cng ngh cao,
HBK H Ni), ThS. Nguyn Thy Hng (Th k ti) v mt s ngi khc.
Danh sch cc k hiu v ch vit tt

Cc k hiu
K hiu
A
Br, Bs
CAh, CPh
EB
FWt, FWc
Hs, Hr
ir, ird, irq
is, isd, isq
J
K, V
l
usu , usv , usw ,U
ngha
Ma trn h thng
Ma trn vo pha Rotor, Stator
Dung lng dng, dung lng cng sut ca c-quy
in p c-quy
Sc cn ca gi do Turbine, do ct gy nn
Ma trn u vo pha Stator, pha Rotor
Vector dng Rotor, hai thnh phn trc d, q
Vector dng Stator, hai thnh phn trc d, q
Mmen qun tnh
Ma trn phn hi trng thi, ma trn lc u vo
(ma trn tin x l)
in cm Stator, Rotor, h cm gia 2 cun dy,
in cm tn pha Rotor v Stator
in cm dc trc, ngang trc
Mmen ca my pht, ca ng c
Tc quay, hay h s bng phng ca a hnh
Cng sut hu cng, v cng
Ma trn iu chnh dng
Thi gian thc hin u+, u-, chu k bm xung
Hng s thi gian pha Rotor, Stator
Hng s thi gian pha Stator o dc, ngang trc
Hai vector in p chun, vector quay trn, vector
in p t ln u vo bin th
Ba in p pha, module in p my pht
UDC
ur, urd, urq
us, usd, usq
v, vz
x
y
zp
in p mch mt chiu (DC) trung gian

Vector in p Rotor, hai thnh phn trc d, q
Vector in p Stator, hai thnh phn trc d, q
Vn tc gi, vn tc gi cao z
Vector bin trng thi
Vector bin ra ca khu iu chnh dng
S i cc ca my in
H s iu ch
s, r
Vector t thng Stator, vector t thng Rotor
sq, sq
Hai thnh phn ca vector t thng Stator s
Vector t thng cc
Gc pha
Ls, Lr, Lm, Lr, Ls

Lsd, Lsq
mG, mM
n
P, Q
RI
T+, T-, Tpulse
Tr, Ts
Tsd, Tsq
u+, u-, uT, uT
Vn tc gc mch in pha Rotor, Stator, vn tc

gc c hc ca Rotor
H s tn
Ma trn qu trng thi
nghing ca qu o vector dng in
r, s,
Cc ch vit tt
Ch vit tt
ALASKA
ASVS
BKHT, BKCT
BK-Wind
CL
DFIG
DSP
B-KTVC
C, K
CD
HSCS
IGBT
KB-RDQ, KB-RLS,
KB-NK
MASVS
MN
MP
NDCCM
NL, NLMP, NLPL
NSOTD
PCSG, PCSG-L
PLECS
PWM
S7-200
SAP2000
SCIG
SG
SSOTD
ngha
Phn mm Alaska
AC Current Space Vector Trajectory Slope Method
B iu khin cp hin trng, cp h thng
Nhn mc ng k ca thit b pht in sc gi
Chnh lu
Doubly-Fed Induction Generator
Digital Signal Processor, vi x l tn hiu
ng b kch thch vnh cu
iu chnh, iu khin
iu chnh dng
H s cng sut
Insulated Gate Bipolartransistor, van bn dn
Khng ng b Rotor dy qun, khng ng b
Rotor lng sc, khng ng b ngun kp
Modified AC Current Space Vector Trajectory Slope
Method
My ng ngt
My pht
Normalized DC Current Method
Nghch lu, nghch lu pha my pht, nghch lu
pha li
Normalized direct current method for Short of
Open Transitor Detection
Pht in chy sc gi, pht in chy sc gi c
lp
Chng trnh m phng mch in t cng sut
Pulse Width Modulation, iu ch b rng xung
PLC loi Simatic S7-200 ca Siemens
Phn mm SAP2000
Squirel-Cage Induction Generator
Synchronous Generator, my pht ng b
Simple direct current method for Short of Open
Transitor Detection
T4R
T
THAL
TKTT
TMS320F2812
TTHCX
VAC, VDC
Ta theo t thng Rotor

Truyn ng in
Ta hng in p li
Tch knh trc tip
Vi x l tn hiu TMS320F2812
Tuyn tnh ha chnh xc, Exact Linearization
Volt xoay chiu, volt mt chiu
Mc lc
Trang
Li ni u
Danh sch cc k hiu v ch vit tt
1
1.1
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.2.1
1.2.2.2
1.2.2.3
1.2.2.4
1.2.2.5
1.2.2.6
1.2.2.7
1.2.3
1.2.3.1
1.2.3.2
1.2.3.3
1.2.3.4
1.2.3.5
1.2.3.6
1.2.3.7
1.2.3.8
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.1.1
1.3.1.2
1.3.2
1.3.2.1
1.3.2.2
1.4
Sn phm 1: H thng my pht in v Turbine gi c

cng sut 10-30kW
t vn
My pht in
My pht in ang s dng trong ti KC.06.20CN
Thit k my pht ng b kch thch vnh cu phc v
t ch to sau ny ti Vit Nam
Xc nh cc kch thc c bn
Tnh ton mch t
Tn hao ch lm vic nh mc
Cc c tnh lm vic ca my pht in
Tnh ton tng nhit
Ch tiu tiu hao vt t
Tng kt cc s liu thit k
Thit k my pht khng ng b Rotor lng sc phc
v t ch to sau ny ti Vit Nam
Xc nh cc kch thc ch yu
Tnh ton mch t
Cc tham s ca my tn s 50Hz
Tn hao v hiu sut ca my ch ng c in
ng c in lm vic ch my pht
Tnh ton tng nhit
Ch tiu tiu hao vt t
Turbine gi (Wind Turbine)
Turbine gi ang s dng trong ti KC.06.20CN
M t Turbine
Vn hnh Turbine
Nghin cu thit k Turbine chun b cho vic ch to ti
Vit Nam
M hnh ha v m phng h thng Turbine gi
M hnh ha v m phng h thng iu khin gc cnh
gi
Ti liu tham kho ca chng 1
1
1
1
2
3
3
6
10
12
17
18
19
20
20
26
27
30
34
40
42
43
44
44
46
47
49
50
62
67
I
2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.2.1
2.1.2.2
2.1.2.3
2.1.2.4
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.4.1
2.1.4.2
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.3
2.4
3
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.1.1
3.1.1.2
3.1.1.3
3.1.2
3.1.2.1
3.1.2.2
3.1.3
3.1.3.1
3.1.3.2
3.1.3.3
3.1.4
3.1.4.1
II
Sn phm 2: H thng ct theo kiu module

Phn tch, tnh ton kt cu ct dy vng
M t kt cu
H ti trng tc dng ln kt cu
Ti trng gi
Ti trng gi do sc cn ca cnh qut Turbine Fwt
Ti trng gi do cn ca ct chnh Fwc
Ti trng ca Turbine
Phn tch, tnh ton kt cu theo l thuyt ca
Timoshenco
Phn tch, tnh ton kt cu theo phng php phn t
hu hn s dng phn mm SAP2000
La chn phn t
Phn tch 3D
Kim tra n nh ca ct ph khi lp dng
bn kt cu cm quay ti chn ct
Thit k kt cu ct thp
M t thit k
M t hot ng ca h thng
Cc bn v thit k chi tit
Kt lun
69
69
69
70
70
71
72
72
73
Sn phm 3: Trm iu khin mt t

Cc thit b iu khin
Tng quan v h thng cc thit b iu khin (gm c
sn phm s 10)
Tng quan v h thng
Cp iu khin hin trng
Cp iu khin h thng
Hardware iu khin hin trng s dng TMS
320F2812 (sn phm s 8)
Khi qut v vi x l tn hiu TMS 320F2812
Thit k Hardware ca ti KC.06.20CN
iu khin h thng s dng PLC loi Simatic S7-200
Khi qut v bi ton iu khin v truyn thng trong
h thng
Thit k cu trc iu khin s dng S7-200
Truyn thng gia PC ( xa), PLC S7-200 v DSP F2812
Module nghch lu s dng van in t cng sut (sn
phm s 9)
Khi qut v thit b nghch lu
93
94
94
76
76
78
78
80
82
82
87
91
92
92
94
96
100
101
101
114
129
129
131
147
148
148
3.1.4.2
159
3.2
3.3
Thit k - ch to nghch lu cho thit b pht in chy

sc gi
Trm (nh) che an ton kh hu cho cc thit b
4
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.3
4.4
Sn phm 4: H thng lu in
Khi qut v h thng lu in
Thit k h thng lu in
Tnh ton dn c-quy lu in
Tnh ton thit k mch lc
Thit k cu trc iu khin np
169
169
175
175
176
180
186
5
5.1
5.2
Phng php iu khin my pht khng ng b

Khi qut v my pht khng ng b
Phng php iu khin my pht khng ng b Rotor
dy qun
Cu trc ca h thng PCSG dng my pht KB-RDQ
M hnh ton v cc bin iu khin my pht KB-RDQ
M hnh ton ca my pht KB-RDQ
M hnh trng thi gin on ca my pht KB-RDQ
Cc bin iu khin cch ly cng sut hu cng P v v
cng Q
Cu trc iu khin tuyn tnh pha my pht
M hnh dng Rotor
iu khin cch ly P v Q bng b iu chnh dng 2
chiu
Cu trc iu khin phi tuyn pha my pht
Khi qut v phng php tuyn tnh ha chnh xc
(TTHCX, Exact Linearization)
c im phi tuyn ca m hnh my pht KB-RDQ
iu khin cch ly P v Q bng cu trc thit k theo
phng php TTHCX
phng php cun chiu (Backstepping)
Cu trc iu khin pha li
M hnh ton mch in pha li
Cu trc iu khin
Kt lun v cu trc K pha li
Phng php iu khin my pht khng ng b Rotor
lng sc
Cu trc ca h thng PCSG dng my pht KB-RLS
187
187
189
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.2.1
5.2.2.2
5.2.2.3
5.2.3
5.2.3.1
5.2.3.2
5.2.4
5.2.4.1
5.2.4.2
5.2.4.3
5.2.4.4
5.2.5
5.2.5.1
5.2.5.2
5.2.5.3
5.3
5.3.1
162
166
189
190
190
193
194
197
197
197
198
199
200
200
202
203
203
204
206
206
206
III
5.3.2
5.3.2.1
5.3.2.2
5.3.3
5.3.3.1
5.3.3.2
5.4
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.1.1
6.3.1.2
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.4
7
7.1
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.3
7.1.3.1
7.1.3.2
7.1.3.3
7.2
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.3
7.3.1
IV
Cu trc iu khin tuyn tnh pha my pht

M hnh trng thi gin on
iu khin cch ly P v Q bng b iu khin dng 2
chiu
Cu trc iu khin phi tuyn pha my pht
c im phi tuyn ca m hnh
phng php tuyn tnh ha chnh xc (Exact
Linearization)
208
208
210
212
213
213
214
Phng php iu khin my pht ng b kch thch

vnh cu
Khi qut v my pht ng b kch thch vnh cu
iu khin my pht B-KTVC cng sut nh, vn hnh
ch c o
iu khin my pht B-KTVC cng sut ln, vn hnh
ch ha li
M hnh ton ca my pht B-KTVC
M hnh trng thi lin tc
Cu trc iu khin tuyn tnh
Cu trc iu khin phi tuyn
217
Chn on gim st t xa thc trng vn hnh h

thng thit b iu khin
Chn on li pha nghch lu
p ng dng in khi h mch iu khin mt van
IGBT
p ng dng in khi ngn mch mt van IGBT
Xc nh v tr van IGBT b li
Phng php ASVS
Phng php NDCCM
Phng php chn on li h mch iu khin, ngn
mch van IGBT c xut
Chn on li pha chnh lu
Li ngn mch diode chnh lu
Li h mch diode chnh lu
Li mt mt pha ca my pht hoc h mch hai diode
cng pha
M phng kim chng thut ton
M phng li pha nghch lu
227
217
218
220
220
221
222
223
224
225
228
228
231
233
233
234
235
237
237
240
241
242
242
7.3.1.1
7.3.1.2
7.3.2
7.3.2.1
7.3.2.2
7.3.2.3
7.4
7.4.1
242
246
249
249
250
251
251
253
7.4.2
7.4.2.1
7.4.2.2
7.4.3
7.4.3.1
7.4.3.2
7.5
Li h mch iu khin van IGBT

Ngn mch IGBT
M phng li pha chnh lu
Xc nh li mt mt pha my pht
Xc nh li ngn mch Diode
Xc nh li h mch Diode
Thc hin h thng gim st - chn on li t xa
Module phn mm thu thp d liu trn DSP
TMS320F2812
Module phn mm trn PLC S7-200
Giao thc truyn thng gia PLC v DSP
Cc lu thut ton
Module phn mm trn my tnh
Ch gim st thc trng vn hnh
Ch np firmware
8
8.1
8.2
8.2.1
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.2.4
8.3
8.3.1
8.3.2
8.4
Cu trc b cos cho ti ch c o

M hnh ph ti
Phng php b cos
tng ca phng php
S dng b iu khin PI kinh in
S dng b iu khin PI m
Cu trc h thng iu chnh h s cng sut
M phng kim chng
Cu trc Simulink v PLECS
Kt qu m phng
269
269
270
270
272
273
275
275
276
279
286
9
9.1
9.1.1
9.1.2
9.1.3
9.2
287
287
287
288
288
288
9.2.1
9.2.2
Sn phm o to: K s, Thc s, Tin s

Cc sn phm o to
Danh sch cc n tt nghip K s
Danh sch cc lun vn tt nghip Thc s
Lun vn tt nghip Tin s
Cc bo co hi ngh, hi tho hay tp ch trong v ngoi
nc
Trong nc
Ngoi nc
10
10.1
10.2
Kt lun v kin ngh

Kt lun
Kin ngh
291
291
291
254
254
255
262
262
265
267
288
289
Bo co tm tt
Bn bo co ny gii thiu mt cch chi tit cc ni dung nghin cu khoa
hc v thit k - ch to thuc ti KC.06.20CN:
Nghin cu, thit k v ch to b pht in bng sc gi c cng sut
10-30kW ph hp vi iu kin Vit Nam
Hon thnh trn c s Hp ng s 20CN/2004/H-TCT-KC.06, k gia
Ban Ch nhim chng trnh KC.06 vi bn ch tr l Trng i hc Bch
Khoa H Ni, PGS. TSKH. Nguyn Phng Quang chu trch nhim thc hin.
Tip theo li ni u v danh mc cc k hiu c s dng, bn bo co
bao gm cc phn sau:
Chng 1 Sn phm 1: H thng my pht in v Turbine gi c cng

sut 10-30kW. Gii thiu v sn phm c s th t 1 trong mc 17 ca
thuyt minh ti. Chng ny chim 67 trang, gii thiu cc vn xung
quanh hai mng chnh:
+
Gii thiu thit b ang s dng: My pht v Turbine nhp ngoi va

p ng nhu cu s dng trc mt ca ti, va gi vai tr mu
hc tp trong qu trnh thit k mi.
Gii thiu cc thit k, chun b cho vic t ch to my pht v

Turbine trong nc. Ni dung thit k my pht in 20kW (khng
ng b Rotor lng sc, ng b kch thch vnh cu) c thc
hin mt cch rt nghim tc v chi tit. Ni dung thit k li v m
phng kim chng Turbine c TS. Phm Anh Tun thc hin vi
nhiu khim khuyt. Ch nhim ti KC.06.20CN phi hp tc vi
Trung tm Nghin cu vt liu Polymer (Ph G Trung tm, PGS. TS.
Bi Chng) thc hin b sung phn thit k - ch to khun mu
cnh Turbine (bng vt liu Polymer) phc v ch to mi sau ny.
Chng 2 Sn phm 2: H thng ct theo kiu module. Gii thiu v

sn phm c s th t 2 trong mc 17 ca thuyt minh ti. Chng
ny chim 24 trang. Sn phm ny l mt b phn quan trng trong tng
th h thng pht in chy sc gi 20kW ca ti KC.06.20CN. Sn
phm hon ton c t lc thit k, ch to v lp t ti Vit Nam.
ti KC.06.20CN hp tc vi nhm chuyn gia do TS. Quc Quang
(Vin Cng ngh - B Cng nghip) ng u hon thnh phn nhim
v ny. Kt qu thu c l mt h thng ct thp p ng tt cng nng
yu cu, ng thi cho php lp rp - nng h mt cch d dng v khng
ph thuc vo ngun in li. Chng ny gii thiu cc ni dung:
+
Phn tch, tnh ton kt cu ct dy vng.
Thit k c th kt cu ct thp.
Chng 3 Sn phm 3: Trm iu khin mt t. Gii thiu v sn

phm c s th t 3 trong mc 17 ca thuyt minh ti. Chng ny
chim 75 trang v l chng phong ph nht ca ton b bo co. Trm
iu khin mt t bao gm:
+
khng ch hng mc xy dng nh trm (nh) che an ton kh hu cho

cc thit b v l ni lm vic ca nhn vin vn hnh. Trm cn gii
thiu chi tit v
cc thit b iu khin cha trong t nh: iu khin hin trng

(dng TMS320F2812), iu khin h thng (dng Simatic S7-200),
nghch lu xoay chiu 3 pha.
Chng 4 Sn phm 4: H thng lu in. Gii thiu v sn phm c

s th t 4 trong mc 17 ca thuyt minh ti. Trong chng ny, sn
phm v Phng php iu khin h thng lu in c s th t 1.3
trong mc 16 ca thuyt minh ti cng c kt hp gii thiu.
Chong ny gm 18 trang cha hai ni dung:
+
Thit k h thng lu in s dng c-quy.
Thit k cu trc iu khin np c-quy.
Chng 5 Phng php iu khin my pht khng ng b. Gii

thiu v sn phm c s th t 1.1 trong mc 16 ca thuyt minh ti.
Chng ny chim 30 trang vi cc phng php iu khin tuyn tnh v
phi tuyn cho:
+
My pht khng ng b rotor dy qun (KB-RDQ), cn c gi l

khng ng b ngun kp (Doubly-Fed Induction Generator: DFIG).
My pht KB-RDQ c Stator ghp trc tip vi li, cn pha Rotor
c ni vi li qua thit b in t cng sut.
My pht khng ng b rotor lng sc (KB-RLS, Squirel-Cage

Induction Generator: SCIG). Khc vi my pht KB-RDQ, my pht
KB-RLS c Stator ni vi li qua thit b in t cng sut.
Chng 6 Phng php iu khin my pht ng b kch thch vnh

cu. Gii thiu v sn phm c s th t 1.2 trong mc 16 ca thuyt
minh ti. Chng ny c 9 trang gii thiu cc phng php iu khin
tuyn tnh v phi tuyn cho my pht ng b kch thch vnh cu (BKTVC, Permanentmagnet Excited Synchronous Generator: PMSG).
Chng 7 Chn on gim st t xa thc trng vn hnh h thng

thit b iu khin. Chng ny chim 42 trang, gii thiu v mt ni
dung mi xut hin trong qu trnh thc hin ti v l sn phm
phng php khng c trong thuyt minh ng k. Ngoi chc nng thc
hin cc thut ton iu khin, phc v mc ch chn on tnh trng
vn hnh ca h thng, DSP TMS320F2812 lin tc thu thp v lu tr
cc d liu o c ca ton b h thng. Khi c nhu cu phn tch v
gim st tnh trng vn hnh, cc d liu ny s c PLC S7-200 chuyn
ti PC qua mi trng truyn thng l ng in thoi. Kh nng ny

cho php ta kim tra thc trng vn hnh thit b t xa, mt u th c
bit li hi khi lp t thit b ti cc vng su, vng xa.
Chng 8 Cu trc b cos cho ti ch c o. Gii thiu v sn

phm phng php khng c trong thuyt minh ti. Chng ny gm
18 trang gii thiu phng php iu khin b h s cng sut cos cho
li ph ti thng qua thay i tn s cung cp trong phm vi cho php,
t thit k b iu khin. Mc tiu ca nhim v ny l gp phn nng
cao hiu qu truyn ti, gim tn tht bin i nng lng, gim in p
ri trn mng phn phi.
Chng 9 Sn phm o to: K s, Thc s, Tin s. Gii thiu v sn

phm c s th t 3 trong mc 16 ca thuyt minh ti. Qua y ta
thy r ng gp ca ti KC.06.20CN trong cng tc o to chuyn
gia: 9 K s, 3 Thc s v 1 Tin s (s bo v trong nm 2007). Ngoi ra,
vi cc ni dung khoa hc ca mnh, ti cn thc hin 9 bi vit cho
tp ch v hi ngh khoa hc trong nc, 3 bi vit cho tp ch, hi ngh
khoa hc v Workshop ti nc ngoi.
Ngoi ra, bo co cn c phn ph lc c t chc thnh 3 quyn:
Ph lc 1: Bao gm cc loi bn v thuc hng mc sn phm S c

s th t 2 trong mc 16 ca Thuyt minh ti. l cc s t
in chnh, s Hardware (mch v Layouts), s phn in t cng
sut. Cc bn v c kh (h thng ct thp) v xy dng (h thng mng v
nh iu khin) cng c tp hp trong ph lc ny. Quyn ph lc 1
gi vai tr Thuyt minh k thut c th, h tr cho cc thuyt minh
khoa hc trong bo co chnh.
Ph lc 2: Gm c hai ni dung Hng dn s dng sau:
Hng dn nng h h thng ct thp.
Hng dn vn hnh t in iu khin.
Ph lc 3: Bao gm cc loi m ngun (Listings of Source Codes) ca

chng trnh:
+
chy trn PLC Simatic S7-200,
chy trn DSP TMS320F2812 v
trn PC (truyn thng v chn on li).
Ch nhim ti KC.06.20CN
Li ni u
Bn bo co ny gii thiu mt cch chi tit cc ni dung nghin cu khoa
hc v thit k - ch to thuc ti KC.06.20CN:
Nghin cu, thit k v ch to b pht in bng sc gi c cng sut
10-30kW ph hp vi iu kin Vit Nam
Hon thnh trn c s Hp ng s 20CN/2004/H-TCT-KC.06, k gia
Ban Ch nhim chng trnh KC.06 vi bn ch tr l Trng i hc Bch
Khoa H Ni, PGS. TSKH. Nguyn Phng Quang chu trch nhim thc hin.
Tip theo li ni u v danh mc cc k hiu c s dng, bn bo co
bao gm cc phn sau:
Chng 1 Sn phm 1: H thng my pht in v Turbine gi c cng

sut 10-30kW. Gii thiu v sn phm c s th t 1 trong mc 17 ca
thuyt minh ti.
Chng 2 Sn phm 2: H thng ct theo kiu module. Gii thiu v

sn phm c s th t 2 trong mc 17 ca thuyt minh ti.
Chng 3 Sn phm 3: Trm iu khin mt t. Gii thiu v sn

phm c s th t 3 trong mc 17 ca thuyt minh ti.
Chng 4 Sn phm 4: H thng lu in. Gii thiu v sn phm c

s th t 4 trong mc 17 ca thuyt minh ti. Trong chng ny, sn
phm v Phng php iu khin h thng lu in c s th t 1.3
trong mc 16 ca thuyt minh ti cng c kt hp gii thiu.
Chng 5 Phng php iu khin my pht khng ng b. Gii

thiu v sn phm c s th t 1.1 trong mc 16 ca thuyt minh ti.
Chng 6 Phng php iu khin my pht ng b kch thch vnh

cu. Gii thiu v sn phm c s th t 1.2 trong mc 16 ca thuyt
minh ti.
Chng 7 Chn on gim st t xa thc trng vn hnh h thng

thit b iu khin. Gii thiu v sn phm phng php khng c trong
thuyt minh ti.
Chng 8 Cu trc b cos cho ti ch c o. Gii thiu v sn

phm phng php khng c trong thuyt minh ti.
Chng 9 Sn phm o to: K s, Thc s, Tin s. Gii thiu v sn

phm c s th t 3 trong mc 16 ca thuyt minh ti.
Cc hng mc sn phm di dng S c s th t 2 trong mc 16

c tp hp trong ph lc ca bo co.
Vi ni dung nh trn, bo co gii thiu mt cch chi tit v y v cc
sn phm ng k (sn phm vt th nh my mc - thit b, hay phi vt th
nh cc phng php iu khin), khi lng tuy nhiu nhng khng sa vo

lit k m vn bo m tnh cht ca mt bo co khoa hc.
ti KC.06.20CN c hon thnh vi s h tr tch cc v c hiu qu
ca B Khoa hc Cng ngh, Ban Ch nhim chng trnh KC.06, Ban Gim
hiu v cc phng ban lin quan ca trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni, Ch
nhim ti xin chn thnh cm n cc c quan ni trn.
Xin cm n Vin Cng ngh B Cng nghip tham gia ti mt cch
rt c hiu qu, gp phn sng to nn h thng ct thp khng ch bn vng v
kt cu, p ng tt v cng nng, m cn hp l c v kiu dng thm m.
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti KC.06.20CN nhn c s h tr rt ln
v vt cht t Cng ty c phn Cung ng u t v Xy lp (tn vit tt: SIC)
nh din tch lp t ( 4000m2), chi ph xy dng (h thng mng ct, mng
ti, mng ging, nh iu khin), iu kin n min ph cho i ng K s thi
cng, cng vi khng kh ci m hp tc gia cn b nhn vin ca hai n v.
Xin chn thnh cm n Cng ty SIC.
Khng th hon thnh c ti nu khng c n lc ti a ca nhm thc
hin thuc Phng th nghim T ng ha (trng HBK H Ni): Cc K s
ca nhm pht huy nng lc sng to a ti ti ch, khng qun
thi gian, nng ma, phi xa nh nhiu thng khi thi cng, khi khc phc hu
qu thin tai. Mt li cm n gi ti nhm s l cha y : Ch nhim ti
rt bit n v s hp tc .
Cui cng, bn bo co c Ch nhim ti t tay chp bt, s dng
cc ti liu ca ti, cc n v lun vn tt nghip (nu trong mc ti liu
tham kho cui mi chng). Tuy vit vi s cn trng cao nht, bo co
vn kh trnh khi cn sai st, ngi vit chn thnh xin li v cc s sut
v cm n v cc ng gp sa sai.
Cc ni dung khoa hc trong bo co l s hu tr tu ca ti
KC.06.20CN, vic sao chp v s dng bo co cn phi c php ca B
Khoa hc Cng ngh v Ch nhim ti KC.06.20CN.
Ch nhim ti KC.06.20CN
1 Sn phm 1: H thng my pht in v Turbine gi c

cng sut 10-30kW
1.1 t vn
y l nhm sn phm bao gm hai thnh phn quan trng ca h thng
pht in chy bng sc gi (PCSG):
my pht in v
turbine gi.
Vi mc tiu nghin cu - thit k - ch to (NC-TK-CT) phc v ni a ha
c hai thnh phn trn, bn thuyt minh ng k ti ban u (cui nm
2003) a ra mt d ton l 3,1 t VN. y l mt d ton c c s kho
st k lng kh nng trong nc. V d, bo gi ca cc n v nhn gia cng
theo n t hng (u nm 2004, khi ang thng tho v kinh ph vi B
KH&CN) l:
800,00 triu VN / 1 cnh turbine. Trong gi trn c bao gm c khun
mu phc v ch to cnh do chng ta mi ch ch to n chic.
80,00 triu VN / 1 my pht ng b kch thch vnh cu. y l gi ch
to my pht mu, cha phi l gi sn xut hng lot.
Tuy nhin, B KH&CN (sau 2 ln thay i) ch duyt mc kinh ph l 2,2
t VN v ng cho php mua my pht v turbine ch to sn ca nc
ngoi. iu ny th hin rt r ti trang 19 ca phin bn chung kt ca
Thuyt minh ti KC.06.20CN, b phn ca Hp ng NCKH & PTCN s
20CN/2004/H-TCT-KC.06.
V l do trn, i vi sn phm ny kt qu s ngng li cc kt qu nghin
cu - thit k (vit tt: NC-TK), cha c ch to th. My pht v turbine mua
v, mt mt c s dng trong h thng PCSG ca ti, mt khc, chng
cng l vt mu h tr tch cc cho qu trnh NC-TK phc v ch to sau ny.
1.2 My pht in
Nh t vn trn, mc ny gii thiu khi qut cc thng s ca loi
my pht ang s dng trong h thng PCSG, l my pht nhp v t nc
ngoi. Mt ni dung quan trng khc l cc kt qu NC-TK phc v t ch
to sau ny ti Vit Nam.
1 Sn phm 1: H thng my pht in v Turbine gi c cng sut 10-30kW
1.2.1 My pht in ang s dng trong ti KC.06.20CN

My pht hin ang lp trn thp pht in (c mua ca Cng ty
WESTWIND Windturbines, c) l loi ng b kch thch vnh cu (B-KTVC)
vi cc tham s nh sau:
Bng 1.1 Tham s ca my pht ang s dng
Cng sut danh nh

in p ra danh nh (pha-pha)
in p ra h mch khi quay
tc danh nh (pha-pha)
Dng danh nh
Tn s
in tr Stator Rs (pha, Stator
mc hnh sao)
in cm Stator Ls (pha, Stator
mc hnh sao, Ls = Lsd = Lsq)
Kch t
S i cc
Tc quay danh nh
Mmen qun tnh ton phn
Mmen khng ti
(gm ma st v sc ht ca nam
chm vnh cu kch t)
20 kW
220 V (AC 50 Hz)
360 V (AC 50 Hz)
55 A (AC 50 Hz)
0 50 Hz (thay i theo sc gi)
0,41 (nhit : 180oC)
0,25 (nhit : 20oC)
6,8 mH
(thu c qua php o in p h mch
v o dng ngn mch vi tn s 50 Hz,
c th ln hn khi vn hnh)
36 cc Nd-Fe-B (nam chm vnh cu)
18 (36 cc vi mi cun dy c 12 vng)
166,7 vng / pht (ng vi f = 50 Hz)
412 kgm2 (trong 396 kgm2 thuc v 3
cnh turbine)
50 Nm
Tt c cc tham s trn ca my pht u c s dng kho st m

phng trong qu trnh NC-TK h thng PCSG. c bit, i vi cc h thng
chy ch c o (ch c lp, khng ha li quc gia), bin in p
tng pha t l thun trc tip vi tc quay (tc l vi tn s) ca my pht.
i vi my pht 20kW, loi B-KTVC trn, h s t l (do nh sn xut cung
cp) c minh ha r trong cng thc di y:
l sin (2 ft )
usu = U
l sin (2 ft + 2 3) vi U
l = 5,88 f
(1.1)
usv = U
l sin (2 ft 2 3)
u =U
sw
f = tn s cng tc [Hz], t = thi gian [s]
y l c im cn phi c c bit ch trong qu trnh m phng

nghin cu v thit k c th. Thm vo , do c im tn s my pht (tc
quay) bin thin trong mt di kh rng 0 50Hz, khin cho in khng
phc ni ca my pht cng thay i ph thuc t l thun vi tc quay. Ni
1.2 My pht in
cch khc, in p ri trn in cm ca my pht cng c bin ph thuc

tc quay.
1.2.2 Thit k my pht ng b kch thch vnh cu phc v t ch to sau ny
ti Vit Nam
My pht B-KTVC c thit k sn sng phc v cho qu trnh t ch
to sau ny ti Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, cn phi ni r rng: Bn thit k ny mi
ch s dng cho vic ch to th cng n chic. a vo sn xut
hng lot cn phi thc hin thit k quy trnh cng ngh ph hp vi quy m
sn xut ln, iu cha th t ra trong khun kh ti ny. Cc tham s
mc tiu cn t ca thit k chnh l cc tham s trong bng 1.
1.2.2.1
Xc nh cc kch thc c bn
Trong mc ny, bn tnh ton a ra cc kch thuc c bn v mt in t

cu thnh nn mt my pht in vi cng sut nh nh.
a) Cc kch thc chnh ca mch t
in p pha: qun v lng dy c thun li, chn s ni dy hnh
tam gic.
U f = U d = 220V
(1.2)
Dng in: Vi cos = 0.95 chn s b theo kiu my.
Id =
P
20 103
=
= 55 A
3 U cos
3 220 0,95
I
55
If = d =
= 31,75 A
3
3
(1.3)
Cng sut tnh ton.
P ' = ke Pdm = 1,07 20 = 21,4kW
(1.4)
Chn s b bc rng Stator.
t = 1,4cm
Bc cc ca my: y chn s rnh ca mt pha di mt cc q =1
= t m q = 1,4 3 1 = 4,2cm
(1.5)
ng knh ngoi ca Stator:

Ds =
2 p 4,2 36
=
= 48,15cm
3,14
(1.6)
Chiu di li thp:
6,1 107 p '

l =
ks kd A B Ds2 n
(1.7)
Vi: = 0,96; ks = 1,11; kd = 1; B = 0,5T; A = 272 A / cm; Dns = 48,15cm

6,1 107 21,4
= 23,33cm
0,96 1,11 272 0,5 48,132 166,67
Chn l = 24cm. y cng chnh l chiu di li thp Stator v nam chm
vnh cu.
l =
b) Dy qun, rnh Stator v khe h khng kh

S rnh Stator:
Z1 = 2 m p1 q1 = 2 3 18 1 = 108
S thanh dn tc dng trong mt rnh:

A t1 a 272 1,4
=
= 12
ur1 =
31,75
I1
(1.8)
(1.9)
Chn s mch nhnh song song a = 1.

S vng dy ni tip ca mt pha:
p q u
w1 = 1 1 r1 = 18 1 12 /1 = 216
a
(1.10)
Tit din v ng knh dy qun: S b chn mt dng in J =

4,8A/mm2. T ta tnh uc tit din cn thit:
31,75
I
(1.11)
=
= 6,61mm2
J
4,8
Chn dy 1,3/1,35 chp 5 thun tin cho vic qun v lng dy. Tit din
thc ca dy qun l 6,63mm2.
s=
T thng khe h khng kh:

ke U
1,07 220
=
=
= 4,909 103 Wb
4 f ks kd w1 4 1,11 50 216
(1.12)
Mt t thng khe h khng kh:
B =
104
4,909 103 104
=
= 0,5T
0,96 4,2 24
l1
(1.13)
Kch thc rnh: Rnh c din tch nh sau.
(d12 + d22 ) d1 + d2
d1
+
S=
h12 =
8
2
2
(72 + 5,62 ) 7 + 5,6
=
+
26 5 = 192,19mm2
8
2
(1.14)
1.2 My pht in
R3.
5
26.5
0.5
2.5
8
R2.
Hnh 1.1 Kch thc rnh lng dy
B rng rng Stator:

bz' 1 =
=
bz'' 1 =
=
bz1 =
(Ds 2 h41 d1)

d1
Z1
(481,3 2 0,5 7)
6,8 = 6,76mm
108
[Ds 2(h41 + h12 )]
d2
Z
[481,3 2(0,5 + 29)]
5,6 = 6,78mm
108
bz' 1 + bz'' 1 6,76 + 6,78
=
= 6,77mm
2
2
(1.15)
Chn khe h khng kh:

= 1,6mm
Chn chiu cao gng Stator:
hg1 = 30mm
Dts = Ds 2hg2 2hr1 +
2
d2
3
2
= 481,3 2 30 2 32,3 + 5,6 = 360,43mm
3
(1.16)
c) Kch thc Rotor
Rotor l phn nm pha ngoi, gn trc tip vi h thng turbine gi. Cc

kch thc tnh ton di y m bo cho phn in t ca my pht in.
B rng mt cc t: Vi m = 0,96 ta c
bm = m = 0,96 4,2 = 4,035cm
(1.17)
ng knh trong ca Rotor:

Dtr = Ds + 2 = 481,3 + 2 1,6 = 484,5mm
(1.18)
ng knh gn nam chm s b: y ta s b chn b dy thanh nam

chm l 20,5mm.
Dtr' = Dtr + 2 lnc = 484,5 + 2 20,5 = 525,5mm
(1.19)
ng knh ngoi li st Rotor: S b chn b dy v my (ng thi l

mch dn t) l 15mm.
Dnr = Dtr' + 2 hg2 = 525,5 + 2 15 = 555,5mm
(1.20)
10-0.5
240
Hnh 1.2 Kch thc thanh nam chm
1.2.2.2
Tnh ton mch t
H s khe h khng kh: Vt liu c dng ch to li thp Stator l

thp k thut in loi 2211.
t1
k1 =
t1
(b41 / )2
(3 /1,6)2
=
= 0,511
5 + b41 / 5 + 3 /1,6
1,4
= 1,062
k1 =
1,4 0,511 0,16
k 2 = 1
k = k1 k 2 = 1,062
1 =
(1.21)
Sc t ng khe h khng kh:

F = 1,6 B k 104 = 1,6 0,5 1,062 0,16 104 = 1360 A
Mt t thng rng Stator:
(1.22)
1.2 My pht in
B l1 t1
0,5.1,4
=
= 1,01T
0,677.0,95
b Z1 l1 kc
H Z1 = 4,09 A / cm
d
5,6
= 30,43mm
hz1 = hr1 2 = 32,3
3
3
FZ1 = 2 H Z1 hz1 = 2 4,09 3,043 = 25 A
BZ1 =
H s bo ha:
F + FZ1 1360 + 25
KZ =
=
= 1,018
1360
F
(1.23)
(1.24)
Mt t thng gng Stator:
104
4,909 103 104
=
= 0,35T
2 hg1 l1 kc
2 3 24 0,95
Bg =
H g 4 = 0,4 A / cm
(Ds 2 hr1 hg1)
3,14(48,13 2 3,23 3)
L=
=
= 3,373cm
2p
2 18
Fg1 = H g1 Lg1 = 0,4 3,373 = 1,35 A
(1.25)
Mt t thng gng Rotor:
Bg 2 =
104
4,909 103 104
=
= 0,7T
2 hg2 l2 kc
2 1,5 24,4 0,95
H g2 = 1A / cm
Lg2
Fg2
(Dnr hg2 )
3,14(55,45 1,5)
=
=
= 4,7cm
2p
2 18
= H g2 Lg2 = 1 4,7 = 4,7 A
Tng sc t dng mch t:

F = F + FZ1 + Fg1 + Fg2 =
= 1360 + 25 + 1,35 + 4,7 = 1391A
(1.26)
(1.27)
H s bo ha ton mch:
k =
F
1391
=
= 1,0228
F 1360
Chiu di phn u ni dy qun s b: Vi dy qun bc :

Z
y= 1 =3
2p
Ta c:
(Ds hr1)y (48,13 3,23)3
y =
=
= 3,916cm
Z1
108
kdn = 1,3; p = 1
Ldn = kdn y + 2 p = 1,3 3,916 + 2 = 7,1cm
(1.28)
(1.29)
(1.30)
Chiu di trung bnh na vng dy qun:

Ltb = L1 + Ldn = 24 + 7,1 = 31,1cm
(1.31)
Chiu di dy qun mt pha:

L1 = 2 Ltb w1 102 = 2 31,1 216 102 = 134,5m
in tr tc dng ca dy qun Stator:

L1
1
134,5
r1 = 75
=
= 0,44
n1 a1 s1 46 5 1 1,32
r1*
I
31,75
= r1 1 = 0,44
= 0,063
220
U1
(1.32)
(1.33)
H s t dn rnh Stator:
h
b
h
h
r = 1 k + (0,785 41 + 2 + 41 )k'
3b
2b
b
b41
= 1; k = k' = 1
h1 = hr1 0,1 d2 2 c, = 32,3 0,1 5,6 2 0,4 = 30,94mm
d
h2 = 1 2c' = 2 0,4 = 2,7mm

2
(1.34)
b = d1 = 7mm
h41 = 0,5mm
b41 = 3mm
r1 =
30,94
3
2,7 0,5
+ 0,785
+
= 1,896
37
27
7
3
H s t dn tp Stator: t = 0 (H s ny ly tng i tng ng my
ng b cc trn do ghp lin nam chm vnh cu ).

H s t tn phn u ni:
q
dn = 0,34 1 ( Ldn 0,64 )
l
1
= 0,34
(7,1 0,64 1 4,2) = 0,06
24,4
(1.35)
H s t dn tng:
1 = r + t + dn = 1,896 + 0 + 0,06 = 1,956
(1.36)
in khng tn dy qun Stator:

2
2
f1 w1 l
50 216 24
x = 0,158
1 = 0,158 100 100 18 1,956
100 100 p1 q1
= 0,96
I
31,75
x* = x 1 = 0,96
= 0,138
220
U1
(1.37)
1.2 My pht in
in khng phn ng:

2
0 l W kdq
Eu
x=
= 4m f
I
p
k k
4 107 0,042 0,24 2162 1

= 4 3 50
= 3,6
18
1,062 1,0228 0,0016
I
31,75
x1* = x1 1 = 3,6
= 0,52
U1
220
(1.38)
Sc t ng do phn ng phn ng gy nn:
Fu =
m 2 W kdq
Iu
3 2 216 1
=
31,75 = 514,8 A
18
(1.39)
Kim nghim li h s Ke :
Ke = E* = (U * + ru*)2 + (x* )2
2
= (1 + 0,063) + 0,138 = 1,07
(1.40)
H s ny khng sai khc so vi gi thit ban u nn kt qu tnh ton l c

th chp nhn c.
Phng trnh cn bng in p ca my pht ch nh mc (ch
danh nh):
U * = E0* J I u* (xu* + x* u ) I u* ru*

E0* = U * + j I u* ( xu* + x* u ) + I u* ru*
= 1 + j (0,138 + 0,52) + 1 0,062 = 1,062 + j 0,658
(1.41)
E0* = 1,0622 + 0,6582 = 1,245

E0 = 220 E0* = 220 1,245 = 273,9V
Trong : ru* = 0,062; x* = 0,138; xu* = 0,52
T thng khe h khng kh lc khng ti:
E0 = 4 ks kd f W
E0
265,35
=
=
= 5,7 103 Wb
4 ks f kd W
4 1,11 50 1 216
(1.42)
Mt t thng khe h khng kh lc khng ti:
B0 =
104
5,7 103 104
=
= 0,579T
l1 0,96 4,2 24,4
(1.43)
La chn nam chm vnh cu: Loi nam chm N38, xem thng s theo bng
ca hng NINBO (Trung Quc, website: http://www.magnet-china.com)
10
Bng 1.2 Tham s nam chm N38 ca Cng ty NINBO (Trung Quc)
t d
NC
kGs
T
T
No
Min
Sc khng t
T
No
kOe
Min
No
Min
kA/m
No
Ni KT
kOe
kA/m
Min
(BH) max
MGOe
kJ/m
No
No
in
to
C
Min
N38
12.6
12.2
1.26
1.22
11.5
10.8
915
860
12
955
38
36
303
287
80
N38M
12.6
12.2
1.26
1.22
11.5
10.8
915
860
12
955
38
36
303
287
100
N38H
12.6
12.2
1.26
1.22
11.5
10.8
915
860
12
955
38
36
303
287
120
N38U
12.6
12.2
1.26
1.22
11.5
10.8
915
860
12
955
38
36
303
287
200
y l loi nam chm thng dng vi gi thnh hp l. Cng c th s dng

cc loi nam chm khc c cht lng cao hn (cng tra cu trong website
trn).
Kch thc nam chm vnh cu: to ra t thng khe h khng kh theo
yu cu ca my, kch thc ti thiu ca mt ming nam chm phi l:
+
Chiu di:
lnc = l = 240mm
B rng cung:
nc * = 0,96 * 420 = 40,4mm
B dy tnh ton:
btt = 18,175mm
y l gi tr tnh ton nam chm theo phn mm tnh ton ca hng. Ngoi
ra ta cn thm h s d tr phng s lo ho ca nam chm theo thi gian
trong qu trnh vn hnh.
Vy ta chn:
bnc = k kgh kdc btt = 1,0228 1,0025 1,1 18,175 = 20,5mm
(1.44)
k : H s bo ha mch t
kgh : H s hiu chnh do vic tng t tr khi ghp nam chm vi Rotor
kdt : H s d tr
Mt t thng tnh ton ng vi gi tr bnc Btt = 0,61T . Mt t thng
thc:
B0t
Btt
0,61
=
= 0,593T
k kgh 1,0228 1,0025
T thng thc trong khe h khng kh khi mi ch to:

l B
0,96 4,2 24 0,593
0 = 14 0t =
= 5,73 103 Wb
4
10
10
1.2.2.3
(1.45)
(1.46)
Tn hao ch lm vic nh mc
Trng lng rng Stator:
GZ1 = Fe Z1 bZ1 hZ' 1 l1 kc1 103

= 7,8 108 0,677 3,043 24 0,95 103 = 39,6kg
(1.47)
1.2 My pht in
11
Trng lng gng t Stator:
G = Fe l1 Lg1 hg1 2 p kc 103
(1.48)
= 7,8 24 3,373 3 2 18 0,95 103 = 64,78kg

Tn hao st trong li st Stator:
+
Tn hao trong rng:

PFez =
1,3
50
kgcz p1/ 50 BZ21
GFez1 103
= 1,7 1,56 1,01 39,6 10
(1.49)
= 0,107kW
Tn hao trong gng:

f 1,3
PFeg1 = kgcg p1/ 50 Bg21 GFeg1 103
50
(1.50)
= 1,3 1,56 0,352 65,86 103 = 0,0161kW
Tn hao c:
v 3
l1
Pco = 3,68 p 2
40 100
D n 52,2 166,67
v2 =
=
= 4,55
6000
6000
4,55 3
Pco = 3,68 18
0,24 = 0,048kW
40
(1.51)
Tn hao trn b mt cc t:
Z n 1,5 B t 2
Pbm = 0,5 2 p l1 k0 1 0 1 103
10000 10
B0 = B 0 (k1 1) = 0,573 (1,062 1) = 0,035T
1,5
108 166,67
Pbm = 0,5 2 18 4,2 0,96 24,4 6
10000
= 0,0005kW
0,035 1,4
3

10
10
(1.52)
Tn hao ph khi c ti:
P f = 0,005 3 U I cos 103

= 0,005 3 220 55 0,95 103 = 0,1kW
(1.53)
Tn hao ng trn dy qun Stator:
Pcu1 = m I 2 r1 103 =
= 3 31,52 0,44 103 = 1,3kW
(1.54)
Tng tn hao lc ti nh mc:
P = Pcu1 + PFeg1 + PFez1 + Pco + Pbm + P f

= 1,3 + 0,109 + 0,0164 + 0,048 + 0,0005 + 0,084 = 1,558kW
(1.55)
12
Hiu sut:
P
1,558 103
= 1
= 1
P1dm
1.2.2.4
3 U dm I dm
(1.56)
= 0,93
Cc c tnh lm vic ca my pht in
d) Quan h gia sc in ng khng ti (in p) vi tc my pht t thng

v dng ti nh mc
Quan h gia sc in ng khng ti vi tc :
pn
E0 = 4 ks kd f W = 4 ks kd
W
60
18
= 4 1,11 216 5,73 103
n = 1,649 n
60
(1.57)
[V ]
Quan h gia in khng tn vi tc :

x u
2
f1 W1 l
= 0,158
100 100 p1 q1
= 0,158
216 2 l
n
1
60 100 100 q1
= 0,158
216
n
3
24 1,956 = n 5,767 10
60 100 100
(1.58)
[]
Quan h gia in khng phn ng vi tc :

2
0 l W kdq
Eu
n 0 l
xu =
W 2 kdq
= 4m f
= 4m
k k
I
p
60 k k
= 43
n
4 10 0,042 0,24
2162
= 0,0216 n
1,062 1,0228 0,0016
60
(1.59)
[]
in tr ca dy qun phn ng: ru = 0,44
Dng in ti: Gi s dng in ti dc gi nh mc khi tc

thay i I = 31,75 A .
Quan h gia in p v tc (khi t thng v dng gi tr nh mc):

2
U = E02 I u2 ( xu + xu ) I u ru
2
= (1,649 n) 31,752 (0,0274 n) 31,75 0,44

= 1,401n 13.9
[V ]
(1.60)
1.2 My pht in
13
Bng 1.3 Quan h gia E0, U, x, x vi tc n khi t thng v dng nh mc
n(vg/ph)
Eo(V)
U(V)
xu
xb
20
32.98
14.12
0.11534
0.432
0.547
30
49.47
28.13
0.17301
0.648
0.821
40
65.96
42.14
0.23068
0.864
1.095
50
82.45
56.15
0.28835
1.08
1.368
60
98.94
70.16
0.34602
1.296
1.642
70
115.43
84.17
0.40369
1.512
1.916
80
131.92
98.18
0.46136
1.728
2.189
90
148.41
112.19
0.51903
1.944
2.463
100
164.9
126.2
0.5767
2.16
2.737
110
181.39
140.21
0.63437
2.376
3.01
120
197.88
154.22
0.69204
2.592
3.284
130
214.37
168.23
0.74971
2.808
3.558
140
230.86
182.24
0.80738
3.024
3.831
150
247.35
196.25
0.86505
3.24
4.105
160
263.84
210.26
0.92272
3.456
4.379
166.7
274.839
219.605
0.9611859
3.6
4.561
170
280.33
224.27
0.98039
3.672
4.652
vg/ph, V
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Hnh 1.3 Quan h gia E0, U, x, x vi tc n khi t thng v dng nh mc
e) c tnh ca my pht ti mt s tc quay khc nhau
14
Ti tc n = ndm = 166,67 vg/ph:
I (A)
4
8
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
31.75
32
34
36
38
40
E0 (V)
274.839
274.839
274.839
274.839
274.839
274.839
274.839
274.839
274.839
274.839
274.839
274.839
274.839
274.839
274.839
274.839
274.839
274.839
U (V)
231.79
230.03
228.27
227.39
226.51
225.63
224.75
223.87
222.99
222.11
221.23
220.35
219.58
219.47
218.59
217.71
216.83
215.95
Ti tc n = 160vg/ph:
If (A)
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
31.75
32
33
34
35
36
38
40
Ti tc n = 120vg/ph:
I(A)
6.928
13.856
20.784
27.712
34.64
41.568
48.496
51.96
54.991
55.424
57.156
58.888
60.62
62.352
65.816
69.28
E0 (V)
263.84
263.84
263.84
263.84
263.84
263.84
263.84
263.84
263.84
263.84
263.84
263.84
263.84
263.84
263.84
263.84
U (V)
261.50
257.99
253.28
247.33
240.09
231.46
221.33
215.64
210.30
209.51
206.27
202.90
199.40
195.77
188.08
179.77
1.2 My pht in
15
If (A)
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
31.75
32
33
34
35
36
38
40
I (A)
6.928
13.856
20.784
27.712
34.64
41.568
48.496
51.96
54.991
55.424
57.156
58.888
60.62
62.352
65.816
69.28
E0 (V)
197.88
197.88
197.88
197.88
197.88
197.88
197.88
197.88
197.88
197.88
197.88
197.88
197.88
197.88
197.88
197.88
U (V)
195.68
192.61
188.64
183.74
177.87
170.95
162.91
158.42
154.23
153.60
151.06
148.43
145.69
142.86
136.87
130.42
Ti tc n = 80vg/ph:
If (A)
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
31.75
32
33
34
35
36
38
40
I (A)
6.928
13.856
20.784
27.712
34.64
41.568
48.496
51.96
54.991
55.424
57.156
58.888
60.62
62.352
65.816
69.28
E0 (V)
131.92
131.92
131.92
131.92
131.92
131.92
131.92
131.92
131.92
131.92
131.92
131.92
131.92
131.92
131.92
131.92
U (V)
129.87
127.23
124.00
120.14
115.64
110.44
104.49
101.21
98.15
97.70
95.86
93.95
91.98
89.95
85.66
81.06
Ti tc n = 40vg/ph:
If (A)
4
8
I (A)
6.928
13.856
E0 (V)
65.96
65.96
U (V)
63.62
60.07
16
12
16
20
24
28
20.784
27.712
34.64
41.568
48.496
65.96
65.96
65.96
65.96
65.96
55.22
48.85
40.53
29.31
12.03
Ti tc n = 20vg/ph:
If (A)
4
8
12
14
I (A)
6.928
13.856
20.784
24.248
E0 (V)
32.98
32.98
32.98
32.98
U (V)
30.04
24.43
14.66
6.02
U(V)
300,00
250,00
n=166,7 vg/ph
200,00
n=120 vg/ph
150,00
n = 80 vg/ph
100,00
n = 40 vg/ph
50,00
n = 20 vg/ph
0,00
8 12
16
20 24 26 28
30
I (A)
32 34 36 38 40
Hnh 1.4 c tnh ca my pht mt s tc quay khc nhau
1.2 My pht in
f)
17
c tnh hiu sut v mmen ca my pht tc quay nh mc 166,7 vg/ph

Bng 1.4 c tnh hiu sut v mmen ti 166,7 vg/ph
If (A)
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
31.75
32
33
34
35
36
38
40
1.2.2.5
P2
3.269675
6.453275
9.505976
12.38087
15.02768
17.39106
19.40826
20.26459
20.91972
21.00566
21.32935
21.61969
21.87497
22.09334
22.41129
22.55566
p
0.27902
0.34238
0.44798
0.59582
0.7859
1.01822
1.29278
1.4459
1.588543
1.60958
1.69538
1.78382
1.8749
1.96862
2.16398
2.3699
P1
3.548695
6.795655
9.953956
12.97669
15.81358
18.40928
20.70104
21.71049
22.50826
22.61524
23.02473
23.40351
23.74987
24.06196
24.57527
24.92556
M(Nm)
203.2995
389.3132
570.2476
743.4158
905.9372
1054.641
1185.932
1243.762
1289.466
1295.594
1319.053
1340.753
1360.595
1378.475
1407.882
1427.949
Hiu sut
0.921374
0.949618
0.954995
0.954085
0.950302
0.94469
0.93755
0.933401
0.929424
0.928828
0.926367
0.92378
0.921056
0.918185
0.911945
0.904921
Tnh ton tng nhit
Phn ny s phc v tnh ton kim tra li khi thit k kt cu hon thin
trn bn v.
g) tng nhit ca cun dy Stator.
tng nhit phn cch in Stator:
A J t
242,27 4,786 1,4 0,04
s = s s s is =
= 220 C
4020 0,01 7,287
i C
(1.61)
Trong :
2 m1 W I
2 3 216 31,75
=
= 242,27
D
48,13
I
31,75
Js =
=
= 4,786 A / mm2
2
2
d
1,3
nc
5
4
4
ts = 1,4 cm
As =
Chiu dy cch in rnh 1 pha: is = 0,04 cm
Chu vi rnh Stator:

d
d
C = 1 + 2 + 2 26.5 = 72,78mm = 7,278cm
2
2
(1.62)
(1.63)
18
Vi dy qun chn cch in cp B:

= 4020cm2 / mm2 ; i = 0,01W / grad cm
tng nhit phn u ni cun dy Stator vi nhit mi trng:

q
0,4
s = s =
= 280 C
(1.64)
3
14,26 10
Trong :
1,4 As J s 1,4 242,27 4,786

=
= 0,4W / cm2
4020
D n
= 3 103 (1 + 0,1V ) = 3 103 1 + 0,1
6000
qs =
(1.65)
48,13 166,7
= 3 103 1 + 0,1
6000
= 14,26 103
tng nhit mt ngoi Stator so vi mi trng:
qs
0,336
=
= 23,50 C
3
v 14,26 10
(1.66)
Trong :
As J s PFe + 0,5 P f
+
Dl
242,27 4,786 123 + 0,5 100
=
+
= 0,336
4020
48,13 24
qs =
(1.67)
tng nhit trung bnh ca cun dy Stator:
stb =
=
1.2.2.6
(s + ) L + s Ldn
Ltb
(22 + 23,5) 24 + 28 7,1

24
(1.68)
= 53,80 C
Ch tiu tiu hao vt t
Khi lng tn Silic:

+
Khi lng tinh:

GFe
(D2 D2 )
ns
ts
=
Z Sr K c c l
4
2
(4,815 3,60432 )
=
108 192,19 104 0,95 7,82 2,4
4
= 105,7kg
Khi lng tn phi cn thit gia cng:
(1.69)
1.2 My pht in
19
2
GFeph = ( Dns + 0,05) l K c 1,07 c = 450kg

Trong :
Z = 108
Sr = 192,19 mm2
Kc = 0,95
C = 7,82kg/dm3
S rnh Stator
Tit din rnh Stator
H s p cht
Khi lng ring tn Silic
1,07
H s d tr
(1.70)
Khi lng dy ng:

+
Chiu di dy ng:
Ld = 3 L f 1,1 = 3 134,5 1,1 = 444m
(1.71)
Khi lng dy ng:

GCu = Ld S Cu = 440 6,63 104 8,9 = 26kg
(1.72)
Khi lng nam chm:

+
Kch thc nam chm quy i: a b l = 45,8 x 21,5 x 240 mm
Khi lng ca 1 cc nam chm:

Gnc = a bl nc = 0,458 0,215 2,4 5 = 1,18kg
Tng khi lng nam chm:

(1.74)
GNC = 2 p Gnc = 36 1,18 = 42,5kg
Khi lng tn Silic s dng trn mt n v cng sut:

G
105,7
gFe = Fe =
= 5,3kg / kW
P
20
Khi lng dy ng s dng trn mt n v cng sut:
G
26
gCu = Cu =
= 1,3kg / kW
P
20
Khi lng nam chm s dng trn mt n v cng sut:
G
42,5
gnc = NC =
= 2,125kg / kW
P
20
1.2.2.7
(1.73)
S liu d kin ghi trn nhn my:

+
Kiu my:
BK MPGN 20/36
Cng sut:
20kW
in p:
0 220V
Tc :
0 166 vg/ph
Dng in:
55A
f = 0 50Hz
(1.75)
(1.76)
(1.77)
20
S pha:
Kiu u dy:
Tng kt cc s liu thit k:

Bng 1.5 Cc s liu thit k ca my pht B-KTVC 20kW
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
S liu
Cng sut danh nh
in p
Dng in nh mc
in tr Stator 750C
in khng Stator
Tn hao thp
Tn hao ng
Tn hao ph
Tn hao c
Hiu sut
Tc quay
tng nhit
Khi lng tn silic
Khi lng dy ng
Khi lng nam chm
n v
Thng s Ghi ch
kW
20
V
0-230
A
55
0,44
Xem trong bng tnh

Tnh
kW
0,123
ch
kW
1,3
f=50Hz
kW
0,1
kW
0,048
%
97
vg/ph 0166,7
o
C
53,8
kg
105,7
kg
26
kg
42,5
1.2.3 Thit k my pht khng ng b Rotor lng sc phc v t ch to sau

ny ti Vit Nam
c th s dng, thay th tng thch trong cc h thng PCSG ca ti

KC.06.20CN, my pht khng ng b Rotor lng sc (vit tt: KB-RLS) c
thit k vi cc tham s in chnh ging nh my pht c mua v. l:
20kW 36 cc 220V.
Cc s liu thit k s c kt hp cng vi phng php iu khin my
pht c ngha l: vi thit b iu khin (Hardware, Software, in t cng
sut, h thng lu in) l nhng yu t quyt nh gi thnh ca h (so snh
vi trng hp my pht B-KTVC).
1.2.3.1
Xc nh cc kch thc ch yu
Vic tnh ton my pht in KB-RLS s c quy i v vic tnh ton

ng c khng ng b vi cng sut quy i. Do y l loi my c bit vi s
cc ln v s vng quay thp nn nhiu h s tnh ton phi chn theo kinh
nghim sau s kim chng li qua kt qu cui cng:
1.2 My pht in
21
Bng 1.6 Cc s liu d kin ca my pht KB-RLS 20kW
Thng s
Phn my pht d kin
Cng sut P [kW]
20
in p U [V]
230
Dng in I [A]
50 55
Cos
0,95 1
Hiu sut
88
Tc ng b
166,7
Tn s nh mc [Hz]
50
S cc p
36
Phn ng c d kin
14
220
55
0,78
0,85
166,7
50
36
h) Cc kch thc chnh ca mch t

in p pha: Chn kiu dy qun ni tam gic: U f = U d = 220V
Dng in pha: I f =
55
= 31,75 A
3
Cng sut tnh ton:

k P
0,98 14
P' = E
=
= 20,7kVA
cos 0,78 0,85
(1.78)
Chn bc rng Stator: t = 1,4cm

Bc cc v ng knh ngoi Stator:
+
Bc cc: = t m q = 1,4 3 1 = 4,2cm vi q = 1
ng knh ngoi: Dns =
2 p
= 48,13cm
Chiu di li st:
6,1 107 P '

(1.79)
ks kd A B Ds2 n
Vi: = 0,96; ks = 1,11; kd = 1; B = 0,45T; A = 272 A / cm; Dns = 48,13cm
l =
Ta c:
l =
i)
6,1 107 20,7

= 25cm
0,96 1,11 272,272 0,45 48,132 166,67
Dy qun rnh Stator v khe h khng kh
S rnh Stator: My 3 pha (m = 3), s rnh khng qu nhiu, chn s

rnh ca mt pha di 1 cc q = 1. T c s rnh Stator:
Z1 = 2 m1 p1 q1 = 2 3 18 1 = 108
(1.80)
S thanh dn tc dng trong mt rnh: Chn s mch nhnh song song a=1
22
U1 =
A t1 a 272 1,4
=
= 12
31,75
I1
(1.81)
S vng dy ni tip mt pha:

p q u
W1 = 1 1 r1 = 12 18 = 216
a
(1.82)
Tit din v ng knh dy: S b chn mt dng in J = 4,5A / mm2

Tit din dy qun s l:
I
31,75
(1.83)
s= =
= 7mm2
4,5
J
Chn dy may cch in cp B c ng knh 1,35/1,38 chp 5 thun
tin cho vic qun v lng dy. Tit din thc ca dy qun l 7,153mm2. Mt
dng in thc:
31,5
J=
= 4,4 A / mm2
7,153
T thng khe h khng kh:
ke U f
4 ks f W1
0,98 220
= 4,496 103 Wb
4 1,11 50 216
(1.84)
Mt t thng khe h khng kh:
104
4,496 103 104
=
= 0,446T
B =
l1
0,96 4,2 25
(1.85)
Kch thc rnh:
2.5
26.5
0.5
R3.
5
8
R2.
Hnh 1.5 Kch thc rnh Stator
Din tch rnh:

S=
(d12 + d22 )
8
2
2
d1 + d2
d1 (7 + 5,6 ) 7 + 5,6
+
+
26,5
h12 =
(1.86)
2
2
8
2
= 192,19mm2
+
Kim tra h s lp y:
1.2 My pht in
23
s ur
7,153 12
=
= 0,44
S
192,19
y l h s c th chp nhn c.
(1.87)
Kld =
B rng rng Stator:

( Ds 2h41 d1 )
(481,3 2 0,5 7)
d 1=
6,8
Z1
108
= 6,76mm
bz' 1 =
bz'' 1 =
Ds 2 (h41 + h12 )
= 6,78mm
d2 =
481,3 2 (0,5 + 29)

108
5,6
(1.88)
bz' 1 + bz'' 1 6,76 + 6,78

=
= 6,77mm
bz1 =
2
2
Chn khe h khng kh: = 0,5mm
Chn chiu cao gng Stator: hg1 = 30mm
T c ng knh trong ca li thp Stator:
2
Dts = Ds 2hg2 2hr1 + d2
3
(1.89)
2
= 481,3 2 30 2 32,3 + 5,6 = 360,43mm
3
Vi ng knh ny, li thp s c ghp ln bc thp hoc gang trc khi
p ln trc hoc hn gn trc tip trn trc xp p cc l tn Stator. Cc
phng n ghp ty chn cho ph hp vi cng ngh ch to.
a)
b)
Hnh 1.6 Mt s phng n ghp li thp Stator ln trc: a) Hn gn trc tip ln

trc; b) Ghp trn bc trc khi p trc
24
j)
Dy qun, rng rnh v gng Rotor
Chn s rng Rotor: Z2 = 86

ng knh trong Rotor: Dr = Ds + 2 = 481,3 + 2 0,5 = 482,3mm
Bc rng Rotor:
Dr
482,3
t2 =
=
= 1,761mm
86
Z2
(1.90)
Dng in thanh dn Rotor: Chn K i = 0,8
I 2 = I td =
K i I1 6 W1 kd
0,8 31,75 6 216
=
= 382,8 A
Z2
86
(1.91)
Kch thc thanh dn: Dng thanh dn bng ng c

d = 1cm; Std = 0,785cm2
Vy mt dng in trong thanh dn l:

I
382,77
J2 = 2 =
= 4,87 A / mm
78,5
Std
(1.92)
Dng in vnh ngn mch:
I v = I td
1
= 382,77
2 sin ( p / Z2 )
1
= 313 A
180 18
2 sin
86
(1.93)
Kch thc vnh ngn mch:

a = 10mm; b = 15mm Sv = a b = 10 15 = 150mm2
I
313
Jv = v =
= 2,08 A / mm2
Sv 150
(1.94)
Dv = Dtr + (a + 2h42 ) = 482,3 + (10 + 2 0,5) = 493,3mm

1
Hnh 1.7 Kch thc mt ct vnh ngn mch: 1) Li thp Rotor; 2) Thanh dn
Rotor; 3) Vnh ngn mch; 4) Vnh p Rotor
1.2 My pht in
25
Kch thc rnh Rotor:
Hnh 1.8 Kch thc rnh Rotor
Kch thc rng Rotor:

+
B rng rng Rotor:
2
Dr + 2h42 + d
3
0,94 d
bZ 2 =
Z2
2
3,14 482,3 + 2 0,5 + 10,5
3
=
0,94 10,5 = 8mm
86
(1.95)
Chiu cao gng Rotor: Chn hg2 = 15mm
ng knh ngoi Rotor:

2
d2
3
2
= 482,3 + 2 15 + 2 11 10,5 = 527,3mm
3
Kch thc l tn Rotor nh sau:
Dnr = Dtr + 2 hg2 + 2 hr 2
86 rnh chia u
Hnh 1.9 Kch thc l tn Rotor
(1.96)
26
1.2.3.2
Tnh ton mch t
H s khe h khng kh:

2
(b41 / )
(3 / 0,5)
=
= 3,27
5 + b41 / 5 + 3 / 0,5
t1
1,4
k1 =
=
= 1,1322
t1 1,4 3,27 0,05
1 =
(1/ 0,5)
=
= 0,57
5 + b42 / 5 + 1/ 0,5
t2
1,761
=
=
= 1,01645
t2 2 1,761 0,57 0,05
2 =
k 2
(b42 / )
(1.97)
k = k1 k 2 = 1,1322 1,01645 = 1,1508
Dng thp k thut in loi 2211 . ng cong t ho trong bng c tnh

ca thp.
Sc t ng khe h khng kh:
F = 1,6 B k 104
= 1,6 0,446 1,1508 0,05 104 = 410,6 A
Mt t thng rng Stator:
B l t
0,446 1,4
= 0,964T
BZ1 = 1 1 =
0,677 0,95
b Z1 l1 kc
H Z1 = 3,8 A / cm
d
5,6
= 31,4mm
hz1 = hr1 2 = 33,3
3
3
FZ1 = 2 H Z1 hz1 = 2 3,8 3,14 = 23,86 A
Mt t thng rng Rotor:
B l t
0,495 1,761
= 1,027T
BZ 2 = 2 2 =
0,8 0,95
bZ 2 l2 kc
H Z 2 = 4,2 A / cm
10,5
d
= 7,5mm
hZ 2 = hR 2 = 11
3
3
FZ 2 = 2 H Z 2 hZ 2 = 2 4,2 0,75 = 6,29 A
H s bo ha:
F + FZ1 + FZ 2
KZ =
F
410,6 + 23,86 + 6,29
=
= 1,07
410,6
Mt t thng gng Stator:
(1.98)
(1.99)
(1.100)
(1.101)
1.2 My pht in
27
104
4,496 103 104
=
= 0,35T
Bg1 =
2 hg1 l1 kc
2 3 22,5 0,95
H g1 = 0,5 A / cm
Lg1 =
( Ds 2 hr1 hg1 )
3,14 (48,13 2 3,33 3)

2 18
2p
= 3,617 cm
Fg1 = H g1 Lg1 = 0,5 3,617 = 1,8 A
(1.102)
Mt t thng gng Rotor:
Bg 2 =
104
4,496 103 104
=
= 0,63T
2 hg2 l2 kc
2 1,5 25 0,95
H g2 = 0,89 A / mm
( Dnr hg2 )
3,14 (52,73 1,5)

= 4,468cm
2p
2 18
Fg2 = H g2 Lg2 = 0,89 4,468 = 3,976 A
Lg2 =
(1.103)
Tng sc t ng mch t:
F = F + FZ1 + FZ 2 + Fg1 + Fg2
= 410,6 + 23,86 + 6,29 + 1,8 + 3,976 = 444,24 A

H s bo ha ton mch:
F
444,24
k =
=
= 1,081
410,6
F
Dng in t ha:
pF
18 444,24
=
= 12,3 A
I =
1 3 216
kdq1 m W
(1.104)
(1.105)
(1.106)
Dng in t ha tnh theo %:
I 0 0 =
1.2.3.3
I
I dm
100 =
12,3
100 = 39 0 0
31,75
(1.107)
Cc tham s ca my tn s 50Hz
Chiu di phn u ni dy qun:

Ldn = kdn Y + 2 b
( Ds hr1 ) y (48,13 3,33) 3

=
= 3,9cm
108
Z1
kdn = 1,3; b = 1
Ldn = 1,3 3,9 + 2 = 7,1cm
Y =
Chiu di trung bnh na vng dy qun:
(1.108)
28
Ltb = L1 + Ldl = 25 + 7,1 = 32,1cm
(1.109)
Chiu di dy qun mt pha:

L1 = 2 Ltb W1 102 = 2 32,1 216 102 = 138,7m
in tr tc dng ca dy qun Stator:

L1
1
138,7
r1 = 75
=
= 0,42
n1 a1 s1 46 5 1 1,43
I
31,75
r1* = r1 1 = 0,42
= 0,06
U1
220
(1.110)
(1.111)
in tr dy qun Rotor:
rtd = 75
l1 102
1 25 102
=
= 6,92 105
sr 2
46
78,5
(1.112)
in tr vnh ngn mch:
rV = 75
DV 102
Z2 sV
1 3,14 49,33 102

=
= 2,6 106
46
86 150
in tr Rotor:
2r
r2 = rtd + 2V
p
180 18
= 2 sin
= 2 sin
86 = 1,222
Z2
r2 = 6,92 105 +
(1.113)
(1.114)
2 2,6 106
= 7,26 105
1,2222
H s quy i:
2
4 m1 (W1 kdq )
Z2
4 3 2162
= 6510
86
(1.115)
in tr Rotor quy i:
r2' = r2 = 6510 7,26 105 = 0,472

r2'* =
r2' I1 0,472 31,75

=
= 0,068
U
220
(1.116)
H s t dn rnh Stator:
h1
b
h
h
k + 0,785 41 + 2 + 41 k'
3b
2b
b
b41
= 1; k = k1 = 1
r1 =
h1 = hr1 0,1 d2 2 c, = 32,3 0,1 5,6 2 0,4 = 30,94mm
(1.117)
1.2 My pht in
29
h2 = 1 2c' = 2 0,4 = 2,7mm

2
b = d1 = 7mm
h41 = 0,5mm
b41 = 3mm
r1 =
30,94
3
2,7 0,5
+ 0,785
+
= 1,825
37
27
7
3
H s t dn tp Stator:
2
t1 = 0,9
t1 (q1 kdq1 ) t1 k41

k1
2
b41
0,32
k41 = 1 0,033
= 1 0,033
= 0,9576
t1
1,4 0,05
t1 = 1; 1 = 0,097
(1.118)
1,4 (1 1) 1 0,9576
t1 = 0,9
0,097 = 2,034
1,1508 0,05
H s t dn tn phn u ni:
q1
( Ldl 0,64 )
l
1
= 0,34
(7,1 0,64 1 4,2) = 0,06
25
1 = r1 + t1 + d1 = 1,825 + 2,034 + 0,06 = 3,92
dn = 0,34
(1.119)
in khng dy qun Stator:

x1 = 0,158
f1 W1 l
( 1 )
100 100 p1 q1
2
50 216 25

3,926 = 0,8

100 100 18
I
31,75
x1* = x1 1 = 0,8
= 0,115
U1
220
= 0,158
H s t dn tn rnh Rotor:
b h
r = 0,785 4 + 4
2 b b4
1 0,5
= 0,785
= 0,785
+
2 10 10
(1.120)
(1.121)
H s t dn tn tp:
t 2 =
0,9 t2 (q2 kdq2 ) t 2 k42

k 2
(1.122)
30
b42
0,1
= 1 0,03
= 0,966
1,761 0,05
t2
= 1,01645; t 2 = 1; 2 = 0,1; kdq2 = 1
k42 = 1 0,03
k 2
0,9 1,761 (0,7963) 0,966

t 2 =
0,1 = 1,91
1,01645 0,05
H s t tn phn u ni:
dn2 =
4,7 DV
2,3 DV
lg
2
Z1 l1
a + 2 b
4,7 49,33
2,3 49,33
=
lg
= 0,056
108 25 1,2222 1 + 2 0,7
(1.123)
H s t tn Rotor:
2 = r2 + t 2 + d2
= 0,785 + 1,91 + 0,056 = 2,751
(1.124)
in khng tn dy qun Rotor:
x2 = 7,98 f1 l2 ( 2 )108 =
= 7,98 50 25 2,751 108 = 2,7 104
(1.125)
in khng Rotor quy i:
x2' = x2
= 6510 2,7 104 = 1,75
in khng Rotor tnh theo n v tng i:
I
31,75
x2'* = x2' 1 = 1,75
= 0,25
U1
220
(1.126)
(1.127)
in khng h cm:
x12 =
Ke =
1.2.3.4
U1 I x1
I
U1 I x1
U1
220 12,3 0.8

= 17
12,3
220 12,3 0,8

=
= 0,955
220
(1.128)
Tn hao v hiu sut ca my ch ng c in
k) Tn hao thp v tn hao c

Trng lng rng Stator:
Gz1 = Fe Z1 bZ1 hZ' 1 l1 kc1 103

= 7,8 108 0,677 3,117 25 0,95 103 = 42kg
Trng lng gng t Stator:
(1.129)
1.2 My pht in
31
Gg1 = Fe l1 Lg1 hg1 2 p kc 103

= 7,8 25 3,617 3 2 18 0,95 103 = 72,36kg
(1.130)
Tn hao st trong li st Stator:

+
Tn hao trong rng:
PFeZ1 = kzc pFeZ BZ21 GZ1 103

= 1,8 2,5 0,9642 42 103 = 0,175kW
+
Tn hao trong gng:

PFeg1 = kgc pFeZ1 Bg21 Gg1 103
= 1,6 2,5 0,352 72,36 103 = 0,035kW
(1.131)
(1.132)
Tn hao trong c li st Stator:

'
PFe
= PFeZ1 + PFeg1 = 0,175 + 0,035 = 0,21kW
(1.133)
Tn hao b mt Rotor:
Pbm = 2 p
t2 b42
l2 pbm 107
t2
(1.134)
Z n 1,5
2
pbm = 0,5 k0 1 1 (10 B0 t1 )
10000
108 166,67 1,5
2
= 0,5 2
(10 0,168 1,4) = 13,68
10000
B0 = 0 k B = 0,33 1,1508 0,446 = 0,168T
1,761 0,1
Pbm = 2 18 4,2
25 13,68 107 = 0,0049kW
1,761
Tn hao p mch trn rng Rotor:
Z n
2
Pdm = 0,11 1 1 10 Bdm GZ 2 103
10000

3,27 0,5
Bdm = 1 BZ 2 =
1,04 = 0,483T
2 t2
2 1,761
(1.135)
GZ 2 = Fe Z2 hZ' 2 bZ' 2 l2 kc 103

= 7,8 86 0,717 0,8 25 0,95 103 = 9,13kg
Pdm
108 166,67
2
= 0,11
10 0,483 9,13 103 = 0,077kW
10000
Tng tn hao thp:

'
PFe = PFe
+ Pbm + Pdm = 0,21 + 0,0049 + 0,077 = 0,292kW
Tn hao c:
(1.136)
32
n1 2 Dn 4 3
Pco = kt
10
1000 10
166,67 2 52,26 4
3
= 1

10 = 0,02kW
1000 10
(1.137)
Tn hao khng ti:
P0 = PFe + Pco = 0,292 + 0,02 = 0,312kW

l)
Thng s ng c ch nh mc
Cc thng s ca ng c:
r1 = 0,42; x1 = 0,8; x12 = 17
r2' = 0,472; x2' = 1,32

E1 = K e U dm = 0,955 220 = 210,1V
I dbr =
PFe1 + 3 I 2 r1
292 + 3 12,32 0,42

= 0,72 A
3 220
3 U1
6 W1 kd1 6 216 1
Ki =
=
= 15,06
Z2
86
I
382,77
I 2, = 2 =
= 25,4 A
Ki
15,06
sdm
I 2, r2,
25,4 0,472
=
=
= 0, 0658
E1
210,1
sm =
r2'
0,472
= 0,226
0,8
+ 1,32
1,047
x1
+ x2 '
c1
x
0,8
C1 = 1 + 1 = 1 +
= 1,047; C12 = 1,0522 = 1,096
17
x12
r
0,456
r'
0,472
rns = c12 1 + 2 = 1,096
+
= 8,302
1,047 0,0658
s
c1
x
0,8
+ 1,32 = 2,284
xns = c12 1 + x2 ' = 1,096
1,047
Zns = rns2 + xns2 = 8,3022 + 2,2842 = 8,610

U1
220
= 1,047
= 26,752 A
8,610
Zns
r
8,302
= 0,964
cos 2 = ns =
8,610
Zns
x
2,302
= 0,265
sin 2 = ns =
8,907
Zns
I 2 ' = c1
(1.138)
1.2 My pht in
33
I1r = I dbr
'
I 22
26,572
+
0,964 = 25,356 A
cos 2 = 0,8 +
1,047
c1
I1x = I dbx +
I 2'
26,572
0,265 = 19,079 A
sin 2 = 12,3 +
1,047
c1
I1 = I1r 2 + I1x 2 = 25,3562 + 19,0792 = 31,732 A

cos =
I1r
24,572
=
= 0,799
31,732
I1
P1 = 3 U1 I1r 103 = 3 220 25,356 103 = 16,735kW

m) Tn hao ng v hiu sut
Tn hao ng trn dy qun Stator v Rotor:
PCu1 = 3 r1 I12 103 = 3 0,42 31,7322 103 = 1,269kW
(1.139)
PCu2 = 3 r2' I 2' 2 103 = 3 0,472 26,7522 103 = 1,013kW

Tn hao ph:
p f = 0,005 P1 = 0,005 16,735 = 0,084kW
(1.140)
Tng tn hao trong my:
P = PCu1 + PCu2 + P0 + P f
(1.141)
= 1,269 + 1,013 + 0,312 + 0,084 = 2,678kW
Hiu sut my ch ng c in:
% =
P1 P
P1
16,735 2,678
= 84%
16,735
(1.142)
n) c tnh lm vic ca ng c in
Bng 1.7 c tnh cng tc ca ng c KB-RLS
n
0,02
v
rns =
r
c12 1
c1
r2'
+
s
0,04
0,057
0,06
0,0658
0,068
26.305
13.372 9.515
9.062
8.302
8.047
xns = c12 1 + x2'

c1
2.284
2.284
2.284
2.284
2.284
2.284
2
2
Zns = rns
+ xns
26.404
13.566 9.786
9.345
8.610
8.365
8.724
16.979 23.539
24.649
26.752
27.536
0.996
0.986
0.970
0.964
0.962
U1
Zns
r
cos 2 = ns
Zns
I 2' = c1
0.972
34
sin 2 =
xns
Zns
0.087
0.168
0.233
0.244
0.265
0.273
I1r = I dbr +
I 2'
cos 2
c1
9.021
16.705 22.581
23.548
25.356
26.020
I1x = I dbx +
I 2'
sin 2
c1
13.021
15.030 17.548
18.054
19.079
19.481
15.840
22.472 28.598
29.673
31.732
32.505
0.569
0.743
0.794
0.799
0.800
I1 = I12r + I12x
cos =
I1r
I1
0.790
P1 = 3 U1 I r1 103
kW
5.954
11.026 14.903
15.542
16.735
17.173
PCu1 = 3 r1 I12 103
kW
0.316
0.636
1.030
1.109
1.269
1.331
kW
0.108
0.408
0.785
0.860
1.013
1.074
kW
kW
0.030
0.055
0.075
0.078
0.084
0.086
0.312
0.312
0.312
0.312
0.312
0.312
kW
0.766
1.412
2.202
2.359
2.678
2.803
kW
5.188
9.614
12.702
13.182
14.057
14.371
87.139
87.197 85.228
84.819
83.999
83.679
kVA 10.455
14.831 18.874
19.584
20.943
21.453
3 r2' I 2' 2 103
PCu2 =
P0 = PFe + Pco
P f = 0,005 P2
P = PCu1 + PCu2
+ P0 + P f
P2 = P1 P
P2
100
P1
Dung lng
T kt qu bn tnh c th nhn thy kt qu d kin l ph hp. ng c

ny c th chuyn thnh my pht in vi cng sut d kin. Kt qu chnh
xc s hiu chnh khi ch to th nghim.
1.2.3.5
ng c in lm vic ch my pht
to ra c my pht in KB t ng c in trn nht thit cn c

ngun ng lc s cp ko my ( y l Turbine gi) v phi c mt qu trnh
t kch to ra in p xc lp trn u my.
Cn c vo biu vector ca my pht in KB-RLS (hnh 1.10). I0 vt
trc E1 mt gc ~ 90o. iu c ngha l my pht phi pht ra mt dng
in dung mi c th t kch c v xc lp in p. Chnh v vy, khi my
pht lm vic c lp vi li, nht thit phi cn c mt lng in dung thch
ng ni vo u my v trong li thp vn yu cu phi c t d m bo
iu kin t kch. Mt iu kin na xc lp in p l ng c tnh in
dung bt buc phi ct ng t ha ca my pht ti im lm vic.
Do my pht lm vic vi cc tc khc nhau ty thuc vo tc ca
Turbine gi, do cc tham s ca my cng bin i theo s bin i ca tn
1.2 My pht in
35
-E r I
jx
I
s v tc . V vy, xy dng cc ng c tnh, phi xc nh trc cc

thng s ca my theo tc nh bng di y.
-I
E =E
Hnh 1.10 Biu vector ca my pht KB-RLS

Bng 1.8 Tham s ca my pht KB-RLS ph thuc tc quay
n1
x1
x2'
r1
r2'
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
166,7
170
180
0.096
0.192
0.288
0.384
0.48
0.576
0.672
0.768
0.80016
0.816
0.864
0.158
0.315
0.473
0.630
0.788
0.945
1.103
1.260
1.313
1.339
1.418
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.472
0.472
0.472
0.472
0.472
0.472
0.472
0.472
0.472
0.472
0.472
E
25.87
51.74
77.61
103.48
129.36
155.23
181.10
206.97
215.64
219.90
232.84
x12
C1
C12
2.10
4.21
6.31
8.41
10.52
12.62
14.72
16.83
17.53
17.88
18.93
1.047
1.047
1.047
1.047
1.047
1.047
1.047
1.047
1.047
1.047
1.047
1.096
1.096
1.096
1.096
1.096
1.096
1.096
1.096
1.096
1.096
1.096
T ta tnh c in p v sc in ng nh sau nu coi dng t ha l

khng i.
36
Bng 1.9 in p v sc in ng ph thuc tc quay
n
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
166,7
170
180
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.3
E
25.87
51.74
77.61
103.48
129.36
155.23
181.10
206.97
215.64
219.90
232.84
U E + I x1
27.05
54.10
81.16
108.21
135.26
162.31
189.36
216.41
225.48
229.94
243.47
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00
Hnh 1.11 c tnh U = f(n) vi I = const
in dung cn thit my pht c th t kch c ch khng ti:

C0 =
3 I
2 f1 U1
106 F
(1.143)
Bng 1.10 in dung t kch (cha c s can thip ca iu khin)
n(vg/ph)
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
U1 (V)
27.05
54.10
81.16
108.21
135.26
162.31
189.36
C0 (F)
20900.55
5225.137
2322.283
1306.284
836.0219
580.5708
426.5418
1.2 My pht in
160
166.7
170
180
37
216.41
225.48
229.94
243.47
326.5711
300.8475
289.2809
258.0315
Cng sut my pht c th lm vic lu di tng ng vi cc tc c

tnh ton nh sau:
Nu ti c cos = 1 vi trng thi b ( lng in dung t kch cn
thit) ta c th tnh ton theo cng thc:
I1 = I1dm = 31,7 A
I 0 d = 3 I 0 = 21,3 A
I1d = 3 I1 = 55 A
I 0 = 12,3 A
I t = I12d I 02d = 51A

Pt = 3U1I t
Bng 1.10 in p v cng sut ph thuc tc quay
n(vg/ph)
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
166.7
170
180
U1 (V)
27.05
54.10
81.16
108.21
135.26
162.31
189.36
216.41
225.48
229.94
243.47
P (kW)
2.38
4.75
7.13
9.50
11.88
14.25
16.63
19.00
19.80
20.19
21.38
25,00
kW
20,00
15,00
10,00
5,00
0,00
Vg/ph
Hnh 1.12 c tnh cng sut ph thuc tc quay
(1.144)
38
Tn hao ca my ng vi cc tc khc nhau: Trong phn tnh ton ny,

sut tn hao ca thp c tnh t l theo tc quay hay tn s in m
my pht ra.
Bng 1.11 Cc thnh phn cng sut tn hao ph thuc tc quay
n(vg/ph)
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
166.7
170
180
pFe
pco
pbm
pdm
P0
pf
pCu1
pCu 2
P2
0.1071
0.0003
0.077
0.0049
0.1074
0.01177
1.269
1.013
2.401
2.38
0.1323
0.0012
0.077
0.0049
0.1335
0.02354
1.269
1.013
2.439
4.75
0.1575
0.0027
0.077
0.0049
0.1601
0.03532
1.269
1.013
2.478
7.13
0.1827
0.0047
0.077
0.0049
0.1874
0.04709
1.269
1.013
2.517
9.50
0.2079
0.0074
0.077
0.0049
0.2153
0.05886
1.269
1.013
2.557
11.88
0.2331
0.0107
0.077
0.0049
0.2437
0.07063
1.269
1.013
2.597
14.25
0.2583
0.0145
0.077
0.0049
0.2728
0.08241
1.269
1.013
2.638
16.63
0.2835
0.0189
0.077
0.0049
0.3024
0.09418
1.269
1.013
2.679
19.00
0.2919
0.0206
0.077
0.0049
0.3125
0.09812
1.269
1.013
2.693
19.80
0.2961
0.0214
0.077
0.0049
0.3174
0.10007
1.269
1.013
2.700
20.19
0.3087
0.0240
0.077
0.0049
0.3326
0.10595
1.269
1.013
2.722
21.38
Cng sut v mmen cn thit ti thiu ca Turbine v hiu sut ca my:

Bng 1.12 Cng sut, mmen v hiu sut ph thuc tc quay
n(vg/ph)
P2 (kW )
p(kW )
P1 (kW )
M ( Nm)
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
166.7
170
180
2.38
4.75
7.13
9.50
11.88
14.25
16.63
19.00
19.80
20.19
21.38
2.401
2.439
2.478
2.517
2.557
2.597
2.638
2.679
2.693
2.700
2.722
4.777
7.190
9.604
12.019
14.434
16.850
19.267
21.684
22.494
22.893
24.102
2280.94
1716.70
1528.71
1434.79
1378.49
1341.01
1314.27
1294.26
1288.63
1286.03
1278.72
49.73
66.08
74.20
79.06
82.29
84.59
86.31
87.64
88.03
88.20
88.71
1.2 My pht in
39
kW
30.00
25.00
P1
20.00
P2
15.00
10.00
5.00
vg/ph
0.00
a)
20
2500.00
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
166,7 170
180
Nm
2000.00
1500.00
1000.00
500.00
b)
0.00
20
vg/ph
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
166,7 170
180
100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
vg/ph
10.00
0.00
c)
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
166,7 170
180
Hnh 1.13 Cc c tnh cng sut (a), mmen (b) v hiu sut (c) ph thuc tc
quay
40
1.2.3.6
Tnh ton tng nhit
Ch : Phn ny s phi tnh ton kim tra li khi thit k kt cu hon thin
trn bn v.
Tn hao ng trn Stator:
QCu1 = PCu1 + 0,5 P f = 1269 + 0,5 98 = 1318W
(1.145)
Tn hao st trn Stator: QFe = PFe = 292W

Tn hao trn Rotor:
QR = PCu2 + 0,5 p f + pco + pbm + pdm
= 1013 + 0,5 98 + 20,6 + 4,9 + 77 = 1164,5W

Nhit tr trn mt li st Stator:
1 1
1
+
RFe = RFeg + R g =
SD1 g g
1
1
1
2 0
=

+
= 0,55 10 C / W
3778 0,1 0,09

Trong :
SDn = Dn l = 48,13 25 = 3778cm2
g =
(1.146)
(1.147)
Fe
30 102
=
= 0,1 W (cm2 o C)
hg1
3
g = 0,09 W (cm2 o C)
Nhit tr phn u ni dy qun Stator:

Rd =
c
1
+
C Sd d Sd
0,02
1
=
+
= 0,55 103
2
3
0,16 10 196914 10,5 10 196914
Trong :
c = 0,02cm l cch in phn u ni
C = 0,16 102 W
(1.148)
C vi cch in cp B v F
d = (1 + 0,54 VR2 ) 103 = (1 + 0,54 4,22 ) 103 = 10,5 103

Dns n 48,13 166,7
=
= 4,2 m s
6000
6000
Sd = 2 Z1 Cb ldn = 2 108 7 14,2 = 21470cm2
VR =
Vi:
ldn = 14,2cm: Chiu di phn u ni; Cb = 7cm: Chu vi bi dy
Nhit tr c trng cho chnh nhit gia khng kh nng bn trong my

v v my:
1.2 My pht in
R' =
41
1
1
=
= 6,45 102 o C W
'
S 1,77 103 8749
Trong :
= 0 (1 + k0 VR )103
= 1,42 (1 + 0,06 4,2) 103 = 1,77 103 W cm2 o C
'
v S l din tch b mt ta nhit ca v my:
S' = Dnv LV = 55,73 50 = 8749cm2
(1.149)
(1.150)
(1.151)
Nhit tr b mt ngoi v my:
R =
V SV + n'
1
Sn' + n'' Sn' Sn''
Trong : V = kg V' ; K g = g V'
(1.152)
V = g . Do v trn, khng lm
cnh ta nhit, do cc h s V = n' = 0 , ta c:

1
1
= 1,33 102 o C W
R = '' '' =
3
n Sn 1,42 10 5280
Trong Sn'' = Dn2 2 4 = 55,73 2 4 = 5280cm2 l din tch 2 np trc v
sau ca my. C 2 v tr ny khng c gi thi qua lm mt v c che kn.
Nhit tr cch in rnh:
0,03
= 0,99 102 o C W
Rc = c =
c Sc 1,6 102 18900
Vi:
(1.153)
c = 0,16 102
Sc = Z1 Cb l1 = 108 7 25 = 18900cm2
chnh nhit ca v my vi mi trng:
0 = (QCu1 + PFe + PR ) R
= (1218 + 292 + 1164,5) 1 33 102 = 360 C
(1.154)
tng nhit ca dy qun Stator:
QCu1 ( RFe + RC ) + PFe RFe + QR R'

1 =
R + RC
1 + Fe
Rd + R'
RFe + RC
Rd + R'
Vi:
RFe + RC = 0,55 102 + 0,99 102 = 1,54 102 o C W
'
2
2
2 o
Rd + R = 5,5 10 + 6,5 10 = 12 10 C W
Ta thu c:
(1.155)
42

2
1 =
1313 1,54 10
+ 292 0,55 10
1+
2
2 1,54 10
+ 1098 6,45 10
2
2
1,54 10
12 102
12 10
= 37,6o C
1.2.3.7
Ch tiu tiu hao vt t
Khi lng tn Silic:

+
Khi lng tinh tn Stator:

GFe
(D2 D2 )
ns
ts
=
Z Sr K c c l
4
(4,8152 3,60432 )
4
=
108 192,19 10 0,95 7,82 2,5
4
= 110,1kg
Khi lng tn phi cn thit gia cng l thp Stator nu dp lin:

2
GFeph = ( Dns + 0,05) l K c 1,07 c = 450kg

Trong :
Z = 108
Sr = 192,19 mm2
Kc = 0,95
C = 7,82kg/dm3
(D2 D2 )
nR
tR
=
( Z2 sr 2 ) 0,95 l Fe
4
(5,2732 4,8732 )
0,152
0,95 2,5 7,82

=
86
4
4
= 31kg
(1.159)
Khi lng phi thp nu tnh dp theo secmng:

GFeph = GFe / kld = 31/ 0,6 = 52kg
Khi lng dy ng qun Stator:

+
(1.158)
Khi lng tinh tn Rotor:

GFeR
(1.157)
S rnh Stator
Tit din rnh Stator
H s p cht
Khi lng ring tn Silic
1,07
H s d tr.
Trong trng hp dp secmng:
GFeph = GFe kld = 110,1 0,6 = 184kg
+
(1.156)
Chiu di dy ng:
(1.160)
1.2 My pht in
43
Ld = 3 L f 1,1 = 3 138,7 1,1 = 457,7m

+
(1.161)
Khi lng dy ng Stator:

GCuS = Ld S Cu = 4577 7,153 104 8,9 = 29kg
(1.162)
Khi lng ng thanh dn Rotor:
GCuR = Z2
2
dtd
0,12
ltd = 86
2,96 = 18kg
4
4
(1.163)
Khi lng ng ch to vnh ngn mch:
GCuV = 2
2
2
( DnV
DtV
)
= 2
b Cu
(5,1232 4,8232 )
4
(1.164)
0.1 8,9 = 4,4kg
Khi lng tn Silic s dng trn mt n v cng sut:

G
+ GFeR 110,1 + 31
=
= 7kg / kW
gFe = FeS
20
P
Khi lng ng s dng trn mt n v cng sut:
G
+ GCuR + GCuV
29 + 18 + 4,4
=
= 2,57kg / kW
gCu = CuS
20
P
1.2.3.8
S liu d kin ghi trn nhn my:

+
Kiu my:
BK MPGK 20/36
Cng sut:
20kW
in p:
0 220V
Tc :
0 166,7 vg/ph
Dng in:
55A
S pha:
Kiu u dy:
f = 0 50Hz
Tng kt cc s liu thit k:

Bng 1.13 Cc s liu thit k ca my pht KB-RLS 20kW
TT
1
2
3
4
5
S liu
Cng sut danh nh
in p
Dng in nh mc
in tr Stator 750C
in khng Stator
n v
kW
V
A
Thng s Ghi ch
20
0-220
55
0,42
Xem trong bng tnh
(1.165)
(1.166)
44
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Tn hao thp
Tn hao ng Stator
Tn hao ng Rotor
Tn hao ph
Tn hao c
Tn hao khng ti
Tng tn hao
Hiu sut
Tc quay
tng nhit
Khi lng tn silic
Khi lng dy ng
Khi lng ng thanh
dn Rotor
Khi lng ng vnh
ngn mch
kW
0,292
kW
1,269
kW
1,013
kW
0,098
kW
0,0214
kW
0,3125
kW
2,693
%
88
vg/ph 0166,7
o
C
53,8
kg
141,1
kg
29
kg
18
kg
Tnh
ch
f=50Hz
4,4
1.3 Turbine gi (Wind Turbine)
1.3.1 Turbine gi ang s dng trong ti KC.06.20CN
Turbine gi hin ang lp t s dng mua ca Cng ty WESTWIND (c) c

cc thng s c bn trnh by trong bng sau y:
Bng 1.14
Cc s liu thit k ca my pht KB-RLS 20kW
c tnh c bn
Tc gi khi ng (Start-up wind speed)
2,5 m/s
Tc gi bt u pht (Cut-in wind speed)
3 m/s
Tc gi nh mc (Rated wind speed)
14 m/s
Tc gi ngng pht (Cut-out wind speed)
Khng c
Tc gi gp ui (Furling wind speed)
16 m/s
Cng sut nh mc (Rated power)
20 kW
Tc quay Rotor (Rotor speed)
0 160 vg/ph
Cc thng s c
Loi Turbine (Type)
3 cnh, gi ngang
ng knh Rotor (Rotor diameter)
10,4 m
Khi lng (Weight)
750 kg
Bo v qu tc (Over speed protection)
Lt cnh th ng & T gp ui
(Passive pitch & Auto tail furl)
Hp s (Gear box)
Khng c
Di nhit (Climatic temp range)
-10 ti +50 oC
45
Kch thc hnh hc ca Turbine loi 20kW c m t r trong hnh 1.14

di y.
Hnh 1.14 Kch thc hnh hc ca Turbine loi 20kW ang c s dng (Ch
thch: gi thnh ch to n chic ca cnh Rotor loi ny Vit Nam l
800 triu VN / 1 cnh. Gi do khun mu ch to i ln)
46
1.3.1.1
M t Turbine
Cm Turbine WESTWIND l loi Turbine gi ngang, c trc nm ngang,

truyn ng trc tip (khng dung hp s) t Turbine ti my pht, c thit
k s dng trong cc h thng np cqui hay h thng cung cp nng lng
ch c o (c lp, khng ha vi li). Cu to tng th ca Turbine
c minh ha trong hnh 1.15 di y.
Hnh 1.15 Cc thnh phn chnh ca Turbine WESTWIND
H thng Rotor (Rotor System)
H thng Rotor bao gm ba cnh c ch to t hn hp vt liu carbon /

si thy tinh / epoxy. Ba cnh c nhim v chuyn nng lng gi thnh
mmen quay truyn trc tip ti my pht in (m t mc 1.2.1). Cc cnh
c nh sn xut thit k bo m tnh linh hot, mm do trong sut tui i
cnh bng cch gim cc tc ng c hai iu kin thng thng v khc
nghit. Cm cnh c x l cn bng ng mt cch k lng trc khi
xut xng nhm bo m vn hnh m Turbine. Cc cnh c sn ph 2
lp bo v chng thm, chng n mn bn vng. u nhn ca cnh c bc
bo v. Mt c ch lt gc cnh th ng (passive pitch, hot ng nh lc ly
tm) s hn ch tc quay ti a ca Rotor. Lc o gc cnh tr li v tr ban
u s do 3 l so to nn, v y l mt thit k mang c th t bo v (tc
quay s b hn ch mc thp khi l so yu i hoc thm ch h hng).
47
Thn Turbine (Mainframe or nacelle)
V cu trc c hc, thn Turbine thc cht l khung c hc ca ton b

Turbine gi. l ni lp v bo v cc vnh gp in, ni lp t my pht
in, ni cha c ch gp ui v l im g lp b cnh. Thn Turbine ch to
bng thp v trc ht c bo v nh lp m, sau nng, v cui cng l
sn ph bng bt c bit. Np kim tra thn Turbine cho php d dng tip
cn cc vnh gp v thanh qut thc hin cng tc bo dng.
Vnh gp v thanh qut (Slip rings and brushes)
H thng vnh gp v thanh qut (hnh 1.16) l ni ghp ni gia my pht

v cp in chy dc theo thn ct xung mt t, cho php Turbine quay t do
hng theo chiu gi m khng gy nn xon cp. tng tin cy, cp in
c ni vi 2 b thanh qut. Tui th c tnh ca cc thanh qut l xp x 20
nm. Thanh qut di cng c nhim v tip a cn 3 thanh qut trn dn
dng my pht (hnh 1.16).
Hnh 1.16 H thng vnh gp v thanh qut ly in (nm trong thn Turbine)
1.3.1.2
Vn hnh Turbine
Rotor ca Turbine WESTWIND bt u quay (xut pht t trng thi ng

im) khi gi t tc vt 2.5 m/s.
i vi h thng thun ty np c-qui, h thng s bt u np tc gi
chnh xc no, iu ny hon ton ph thuc trng thi tch in c sn ca cqui. i vi h thng c ha li, tc bt u pht (cut-in wind speed) ph
thuc vo ch t ca nghch lu. Ngc li, nu Rotor gim tc quay
xung tng ng vi tc gi 2 m/s, trng thi ny in p ra ca h thng
s khng cung cp nng lng tiu th.
Trong phm vi cc gii hn ca h, cng sut ra t l thun trc tip vi tc
quay ca Rotor. V l y, khi tc quay ca Rotor tng cng vi mc tng
ca tc gi, h thng s c kh nng cung cp c nhiu nng lng hn.
Cng sut ra s tng rt nhanh so vi mc tng ca tc gi, v nng lng
48
trong gi t l vi s m 3 ca tc gi. V d: Nu tc gi tng t 5m/s

ln 10m/s, tng vi h s 2, nng lng trong gi s tng ln 8 ln (23 = 8).
H qu ca tng quan k trn gia tc gi v cng sut pht: Ta s ch
thu c rt t nng lng khi gi nh. mc trung bnh, tc gi nm trong
di 5.5 - 9m/s s l di chnh cung cp nng lng. Mt h qu khc ca quan
h m 3 ca nng lng gi, l: Khi gi mnh, gi thng xuyn cha nhiu
nng lng hn kh nng tiu th ca h.
Gi mnh - Bo v qu tc (High winds Overspeed protection)
Khi gi mnh (tc ln hn 16m/s) h thng bo v qu tc s t ng tc

ng bo v Turbine bng hai cch: Gii hn tc Rotor v/hay lt cnh
Rotor. H thng bo v qu tc bao gm 2 h thng con c lp v do c
tin cy rt cao. Khi tc gi mnh (>16m/s) h thng gp ui (hnh 1.18) s
tc ng, quay Rotor khi hng n gi trc din, nh gim din tch hng
gi ca 3 cnh v gim nng lng thu t gi. Nu Turbine ang mang ti
(mch in ang c tiu th), mmen my pht s c xu hng hm tc
quay cnh xung ng vi nng lng ly vo sau khi gp ui. Mt trng hp
him xy ra l h thng gp ui khng tc ng, khi y tc quay s tng v
do kch hot h thng lt cnh th ng (passive pitch system, hnh 1.17).
H thng lt cnh nghing i mt gc ti a l 30o v to nn mt sc cn
kh ng hc nhm gii hn cnh tc quay an ton l 160 vg/ph.
Hnh 1.17 H thng l so lt cnh khi tc gi qu ln
Khi gp ui, cng sut ra ca Turbine s gim mnh, dn n vic pht

in hoc s ngng li hoc tr nn ngt qung. Khi tc gi trong khong
16 20m/s, vic ui c th lp i lp li ng tc gp hay dui l hon ton
bnh thng.
Gp ui bng tay (Manual furling)
C th thc hin gp ui Turbine bng tay nh mt dy cp ko n gin.

Thng thng, cp c ni vi mt ti quay chn ct thp. Khi quay ti,
cp s ko gp ui, cng bc Rotor quay lch khi hng gi chnh, lm
gim cng sut pht ra.
Quy trnh gp ui (Furling procedure)
49
Thp pht in sc gi 20kW c ch to vi mt ti ko gp ui gn

chn ct. Khi tc ng, thn ui s b lch i mt v tr gn vung gc (hnh
1.18) so vi Turbine. Khi quay ti, cn theo di k thn ui (tail boom) v
ngng quay khi thn ui t v tr cn thit. Hy ni lng ti ti v tr cui
cng ny.
Chiu di cp ni ti ti gp ui cn phi c o ct chnh xc c th
gp ui c mt gc gn 80o. Sau khi ni ti, thn ui s dui thng tr li
so vi thn Turbine, v cp phi trng thi khng h b xon.
Hnh 1.18 ui Turbine c th

t gp khi gi mnh
hay gp bng tay
1.3.2 Nghin cu thit k Turbine chun b cho vic ch to ti Vit Nam
Ch thch: Theo tha thun hp tc vi ch nhim ti KC.06.20CN, mc

ny c trao cho mt n v thuc Vin C hc Vit Nam thc hin v do TS.
Phm Anh Tun ch tr. Tuy nhin, ch nhim ti KC.06.20CN phi thnh
thc cng nhn rng, bn thn ch nhim ti sai lm trong khi chn i
tc. Ni dung c giao v kt qu cn t l vt qu kh nng chuyn mn
ca n v c chn. n v ch t nhiu c kh nng trong nghin cu ch
cha h hiu th no l thit k - ch to. Chnh v vy, ch nhim ti
KC.06.20CN ch trch mt phn bo co kt qu ca n v a vo
bo co kt thc ti KC.06.20CN ca mnh. Phn c trch ch bao gm cc
kt qu m phng mang tnh nh hng ch cha phi l ni dung thit k
c th a ch to.
50
1.3.2.1
M hnh ha v m phng h thng Turbine gi
o) Bi ton ng lc hc trm pht in nng lng gi
Trm pht in nng lng gi l mt h c hc gm nhiu vt rn tuyt i

v vt rn bin dng lin kt vi nhau bng cc khp lin kt.
Vt rn tuyt i gm: H thng Rotor, v cc b phn khc ca trm.
Vt rn bin dng gm: H thng cnh, cc on ct.
H nhiu vt l mt c h gm nhiu vt rn tuyt i v vt rn bin dng c

lin kt vi nhau bng khp, l xo hoc gim chn. Cc vt trong h nhiu vt
c th chuyn ng tnh tin, v quay, cc chuyn ng ny khng hon ton
ty do n l mt phn t nm trong c h chu lin kt.
Hnh 1.19 M hnh h nhiu vt trm pht in nng lng gi
Trn c s trm pht in nng lng gi c m hnh ho, m phng

trn my tnh v tnh ton ng lc hc theo cc bc sau:
M hnh ho, m phng trm pht in nng lng gi bng phn mm

m phng h c in t Alaska.
Gii cc bi ton tuyn tnh ca h ta c cc kt qu chnh sau:
Tn s dao ng ring v dng ring ca ct.
Tn s dao ng ring v dng ring ca cnh.
Gii bi ton phi tuyn ta c th xc nh c cc kt qu sau:
51
Xc nh v tr cn bng v phn lc ti cc khp.
Tm c lc lin kt.
Bin giao ng ca nh ct hoc ca bt k mt v tr no trn ct.
Bin dao ng ca u cnh hoc ca bt k mt v tr no trn

cnh.
p) Chng trnh m phng c hc h nhiu vt
Chng trnh alaska l phn mm chuyn dng dng m phng ng lc

hc h nhiu vt MBS (Multibody System).
Phn mm alaska m hnh ho vt rn bin dng di dng mt phn t c
bit gi l siu phn t - l s xp x ca dm n hi vi bn vt rn c ni
vi nhau bng cc l xo v cc khp. Cc hng s n hi v cc c tnh qun
tnh ca bn vt ny c chn gn ng vi hot ng ca dm.
Cc kiu bi ton gii c trong alaska:
Chuyn ng h nhiu vt c m t bng cc phng trnh chuyn ng

phi tuyn. Trong mt s trng hp, gii c bi ton ng lc hc ch cn
tuyn tnh ho phng trnh chuyn ng l . iu c ngha l ch xt n
nhng dao ng nh quanh v tr cn bng tnh. alaska cung cp c hai kiu
tnh ton tuyn tnh v phi tuyn.
+
Cc phn tch tuyn tnh:
alaska to ra cc phng trnh c tuyn tnh ho dng s m t cc

chuyn ng nh quanh v tr cn bng tnh.
alaska thc hin phn tch gi tr ring cc phng trnh tuyn tnh ho
xc nh cc tn s v dao ng t nhin ca MBS.
alaska gii cc phng trnh tuyn tnh ho theo thi gian i vi cc kch
ng ban u c cho trc.
+
Cc phn tch phi tuyn:
alaska to ra cc phng trnh chuyn ng phi tuyn.

alaska gii cc phng trnh chuyn ng phi tuyn theo tch phn s.
alaska gii bi ton ng lc hc ngc. Tc l tnh ton cc lc v mmen
lin kt cn thit thc hin chuyn ng cho trc ca h nhiu vt.
alaska tnh v tr cn bng ca h nhiu vt.
alaska gii bi ton iu kin u ng hc.
alaska thc hin cc phn tch ng lc hc v ng hc cho h khng bc
t do.
alaska tnh ton v a ra cc kt qu theo yu cu ca ngi dng
nghin cu chuyn ng ca h thng, chng hn nh cc lc lin kt, lc tc
ng ln l xo v cc phn t gim chn, cc to , vn tc, gia tc ca cc
im, php quay cc h to , vn tc gc.
52
alaska thc hin phn tch tn s v tnh cc thng s thng k ca bt k

mt kt qu no c tnh ton theo min thi gian.
M hnh trm pht in nng lng gi s dng phn mm alaska: Cc
thng s m hnh trm pht in nng lng gi a vo m phng nh
sau.
+
Cc thng s v ct: Chiu cao ca ct l 30m chia lm 2 on, mi

on c m hnh bng 1 vt rn bin dng c m hnh l vt 1 v
vt 2. Dy no c m hnh l mt l xo tuyn tnh c cng
k=1000 Nm (????).
Vt liu ch to ct:
Dng ca ct:
ng knh ngoi ca chn ct:
ng knh trong ca chn ct:
S lng dy no:
Chiu di v cch lp dy no:
Gc nghing lp dy no so vi ct:
Vt liu v kt cu ca dy no:
????
????
Tm phng (????): l b phn dng lin kt gia ct v cabin, ngoi

ra n cn c s dng trong vic ti u tc gi i vi phng
php iu khin stall. c m hnh ha l vt rn v k hiu l vt 3.
Khi lng ca tm phng:
Thp
Ct hnh tr
0,3239/2 m
0,3039/2 m
4 dy
26 m
150
dy cp
50kg
????
Cc thng s hnh hc ca cabin my pht: Cabin c m hnh l mt

vt rn k hiu l vt 4.
Kch thc hnh hc (di x ng knh ): 1,0 x 0,6 (m)
Khi lng:
150 kg
Hnh dng ca cabin:
Hnh tr trn v hnh ch nht
Chiu di ui:
4m
Chiu di phn lp cnh:
0,5 m
Cc thng s v Rotor (????): Rotor c m hnh l mt vt rn k

hiu l vt 5.
Chiu di hnh hc ca Rotor:
ng knh Rotor:
Vt liu ch to Rotor:
Khi lng Rotor:
1m
0,2m
Thp
200 kg
????
????
????
Thng s v my pht: My pht c m hnh l mt vt rn c k

hiu l vt 10.
ng knh Rotor my pht:
0,2 m
Vt liu ch to:
Thp
Khi lng Rotor my pht:
150 kg
Rotor my pht c k hiu l vt 6
Khi lng phn Stator my pht:
300 kg
????
????
????
????
53
Cc thng s v cnh: Cnh c m hnh l mt vt rn bin dng,

c k hiu ln lt l vt 7, vt 8 v vt 9.
Chiu di cnh:
Chiu dy:
Chiu rng cnh (trung bnh):
Vt liu ch to cnh:
Phng php iu khin cnh:
Trng lng ca mi cnh:
5m
0,01 m
????
0,25m
composite
????
iu khin stall
50 kg
????
????
Hnh 1.20 M hnh trm pht in nng lng gi bng phn mm alaska
Sau khi thit lp m hnh bng chng trnh alaska vi cc thng s cho
ta thu c mt s kt qu tnh ton sau.
Bi ton tuyn tnh:
Nhm trnh ri ro trong qu trnh vn hnh ngi k s thit k cn bit cc

dng tn s dao ng ring ca h t a ra quy trnh vn hnh ca thit
b trnh vng tn s lm vic nguy him. Vng tn s ny l ni d xy hin
tng cng hng khi tn s lm vic ca trm trng vi tn s dao ng ring
ca h.
a l a s k a - Linear Analysis
Problem:
WIND Version: 0 Time: 15:41:37 Date: 16/03/04
Title : SIMULATION OF THE WIND POWER STATION 20KW
Number of Joint Variables NFS= 51
54
Generalized Coordinates NF = 51
Dependent Coordinates
R= 0
Degree of Freedom DOF = NF-R = 51
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------EIGENFREQUENCIES
NR FREQUENCY (HZ) VIBRATION TIME DAMP.RATIO(1/S) LEHR'S DAMP.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
0.62343
1.60403
0.35270E-05
0.90039E-06
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
0.71299
1.40253
0.30729E-06
0.68594E-07
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
3.92866
0.25454
0.12854E-02
0.52074E-04
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
4.58951
0.21789
0.37983E-03
0.13172E-04
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
8.24081
0.12135
0.13424
0.25926E-02
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
12.89963
0.77522E-01
41.28041
0.45384
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
13.04815
0.76639E-01
41.98137
0.45579
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
14.24122
0.70219E-01
0.11438
0.12783E-02
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
16.52586
0.60511E-01
0.13703
0.13197E-02
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
39.61637
0.25242E-01
0.38906E-01
0.15630E-03
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
47.76303
0.20937E-01
0.44043E-01
0.14676E-03
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
96.51381
0.10361E-01
0.12649
0.20858E-03
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kt lun: Nu tn s lm vic ca trm pht in gn hoc trng vi cc tn

s dao ng trn th hin tng cng hng s xy ra khi bn v tui th
ca thit b s gim. trm pht in nng lng gi hot ng mt cch n
nh v an ton nht th tn s lm vic ca trm s phi trnh khi cc tn s
gy nguy him c lit k trn.
Bng 1.15
TT
1
2
3
4
Cc tn s ring v dng ring ca h thng ct
Tn s ring
th
Nht
Tm
Hai
Nm
Gi tr (HZ) M t
0.62343
14.24122
0.71299
8.24081
Dao
Dao
Dao
Dao
ng
ng
ng
ng
un ca ct trn mt phng 23
xon ca ct quanh trc 3
Hnh 1.21 Dng dao ng ring ca ct tn s 0,6234 Hz
55
56
Bng 1.16
57
Cc tn s ring v dng ring ca cnh
TT Tn s ring th
1
Su
Gi tr (HZ)
12.89963
Mi mt
47.76303
Mi hai
96.51381
M t
Dao ng un ca cnh trn mt
phng 23
Dao ng un ca cnh trn mt
phng 13
Dao ng ca trm
Hnh 1.25 Dng dao ng ring ca cnh tn s 12,8996 Hz
58
59
Bi ton phi tuyn
S dng phng trnh Lagrange trong bi ton c hc h nhiu vt:
b +abcq bq c = Qa

gabq
(1.167)
Trong :
q:
Ta suy rng
Lc suy rng
Qa:
Ma trn khi lng suy rng
gab:
abc:
Lc Criolis v lc ly tm suy rng
Gi thit tc gi c dng m phng:
+
Vn tc gi: co=3 trong khong thi gian t0 = 0 3 s
Vn tc gi: c1=14 trong khong thi gian t1 = 3 10 s
Vn tc gi: c2=9 trong khong thi gian t2 = 10 15 s
Vi lc gi tc dng ln cnh c tnh theo hm (1), (2) cc thng s sau

c xc nh:
+
Bin dao ng ca nh ct
Bin dao ng ca u cnh
Phn lc ti cc khp
th lc gi tc dng ln cnh c tnh ton nh phn mm alaska khi h

s nng cA=1.5 v h s cn cw=0.3 tng ng vi gc ti ca gi l 25o. Kt
qu tnh ton bng phn mm alaska c minh ha qua cc hnh sau y.
Hnh 1.28 M hnh h thng cnh Turbine
60
Hnh 1.29 Bin dao ng ca nh ct
Hnh 1.30 Bin dao ng ca u cnh khi chu tc ng ca lc gi
61
th lc gi tc dng ln cnh c tnh ton nh phn mm alaska khi h

s nng cA=1.0 v h s cn cw= 1.0 tng ng vi gc ti ca gi l 45o.
Hnh 1.31 Lc gi tc dng ln cnh
Hnh 1.32 Bin dao ng ca nh ct
62
Hnh 1.33 Bin dao ng ca u cnh khi chu tc ng ca lc gi
Vi bin dng cnh chn nhm m phng tin hnh lp m hnh, m

phng, tnh ton cc nh hng do lc gi tc dng ln trm. Qua kt qu tnh
ton thy vic thit k tnh ton bin dng cnh ph hp l vic lm ht sc
kh khn, tuy nhin ngy nay khc phc cc nh hng do vic thit k bin
dng cnh ta thng s dng phng php iu khin gc ti ca gi v mt
tip xc vi cnh.
Kt lun:
Nghin cu, thit k v m hnh ho m phng ng lc hc trm pht in

l vic lm rt cn thit, kt qu m phng gip cho nh thit k xc nh
c:
+
Tn s dao ng ring ca ct, ca cnh v ca c trm.
Bin dao ng ca cc v tr quan trng nh u cnh, ca nh ct.
Xc nh c phn lc ti cc khp lin kt.
T kt qu m phng ng lc trm pht in gip cho k s ti u ho

thit k, m bo s n nh ca h trong qu trnh lm vic.
1.3.2.2
M hnh ha v m phng h thng iu khin gc cnh gi
q) Cc phng php iu khin cnh (iu khin nng lng ly vo)

iu khin gc cnh (Pitch controlled)
63
Trong qu trnh iu khin pitch mt trm pht in nng lng gi, dng
in do Turbine sinh ra c kim tra rt nhiu ln trong mt giy. Khi dng
in tr nn cao hn gi tr cho php, b phn iu khin s to ra mt lnh
iu khin n b phn iu khin cnh, ngay lp tc b phn iu khin ny
s iu khin cnh xoay theo chiu hn ch tc dng ca lc gi tc ng ln
cnh. V ngc li khi vn tc gi nh b iu khin ny s iu khin cnh
xoay mt gc sao cho lc gi tc dng ln cnh ln hn nhm to ra dng in
c hiu in th n nh. V vy iu khin c cng sut pht ra th cnh
ca trm pht in c th xoay xung quanh trc thng ng ca mnh, sao cho
n c th thay i c lc gi tc ng ln cnh.
Trong qu trnh hot ng cnh c th xoay mt phn nh theo thi gian
ng thi tc quay ca Rotor cng thay i ph hp vi yu cu ca u
ra. Vic thit k h thng iu khin pitch yu cu mt ngi k s c kh nng
tng hp tt v phi chc chn rng h thng iu khin cnh phi hot ng
chnh xc yu cu ca h thng iu khin. Trong h thng iu khin pitch
ca tua bin pht in nng lng gi, my tnh c th iu khin cch mt gc
rt nh lin tc trong thi gian vn tc gi thay i tm c v tr ti u cho
gc xoay ca cnh p ng mt cch tt nht cho yu cu ca h thng iu
khin. C hai phng thc chnh iu khin gc cnh:
+
iu khin gc th ng (Passive pitch controlled): Phng php ny

c thc hin thun ty bng h thng c v do khng cho php ta
iu khin chnh xc gc xoay ca cnh. Gii php ny ch yu c
s dng vi chc nng bo v trong cc h thng cng sut nh v cng
l gii php c s dng trong Turbine WESTWIND ca ti
KC.06.20CN.
iu khin gc tch cc (Active pitch controlled): i vi cc h thng

cng sut ln - rt ln, kh nng iu khin n nh tc quay ca
Turbine (thong qua xoay gc cnh thay i gc n gi) i hi ta
phi c kh nng iu khin chnh xc gc cnh. iu ny dn n:
Mi c cnh u c trang b mt ng c truyn ng ring, cho
php ch ng t gc cnh, to iu kin thu c nng lng gi
mt cch ti u.
H thng iu khin lt cnh (Stall controlled)
iu khin Turbine gi vi nhng cnh c gn cht vo mt bch ca

Rotor bng bu lng vi cc gc c nh so vi phng thng ng. Kch thc
hnh hc v bin dng ca cnh, c thit k kh ng hc sao cho mmen
do tc gi to ra l ln nht, n to ra chuyn ng khng u trn b mt
gia cc cnh ca Rotor. Ti y ta s khng i su thm vo phng php ny
do khng c s dng trong ti KC.06.20CN. C hai phng php:
+
iu khin lt cnh th ng (Passive stall controlled)
iu khin lt cnh ch ng (Active stall controlled)
64
r) M hnh ho, m phng h thng iu khin Stall trm pht in nng lng gi
cng sut 20 kW
Trong phng php iu khin Stall khi vn tc gi thay i th din tch

mt tip xc ca cnh vi phng vn tc gi tc dng cng thay i, khi lc
cn v lc nng tc dng ln cnh cng thay i. Vi phng php iu khin
Stall gc nghing A bao gm gc nghing ban u ca cnh v gc nghing ca
cnh khi cabin b xoay, vic tng hay gim cng sut ca trm pht in lc ny
hon ton ph thuc vo gc quay ca cabin. Vi phng php iu khin ny
th kt qu m phng chnh l gc xoay ca cabin.
Hnh 1.34 H iu khin Stall c m hnh ha bng phn mm alaska
Khi vn tc gi tc dng ln cnh l 3m/s din tch tip xc ca cnh s ln

nht trn m hnh gc quay c th hin ti thi im c thi gian m
phng l T=3.000 s.
Hnh 1.35 Gc xoay ca ca cabin khi vn tc gi l co=3m/s
Hnh 1.36 Gc xoay ca ca cabin khi vn tc gi l c1=14m/s
65
66
Hnh 1.37 Gc xoay ca ca cabin khi vn tc gi l c2=9m/s
Hnh 1.38 th gc xoay ca cnh A ph thuc thi gian
1.4 Ti liu tham kho ca chng 1
67
s) Kt lun
ng dng cng ngh iu khin xoay ui kt hp xoay cabin la chn

hng c vn tc gi cao, khi tc quay ca turbine vt qu gi tr cho php
di tc dng ca lc ly tm cnh s xoay mt gc lm gim tc quay ca
Turbine, i vi cc trm pht in cng sut nh 20kW vic la chn cng
ngh ny hon ton c th. Phng php iu khin ny n gin hn trong ch
to, vn hnh, c th s dng trong nhiu mi trng lm vic khc nhau v c
gi thnh thp hn so vi cc phng php iu khin khc.
Tuy nhin cc trm pht in cng sut ln ngi ta s s dng phng
php iu khin xoay cnh ch ng, tuy nhin mt mt cng ngh iu khin
ny l rt kh, yu cu chnh xc v trnh ngi k s thit k rt cao v
gi trnh mt trm pht in c s dng h thng iu khin ny cng cao hn
so vi phng thc iu khin khc. Mt khc, khng th tch hp h thng
truyn ng in ring r cho tng cnh (do kch thc cnh di cng sut
nh 50kW l qu nh) ch ng iu khin gc cnh.

[1]
GP & GF Hill Pty Ltd.: WESTWIND Turbine 20kW owners manual
[2]
GP & GF Hill Pty Ltd.: Installation Dimensions for WESTWIND Turbines
[3]
ti KC.06.20CN: Cc bo co thit k my pht B-KTVC v KB-RLS.

i hc Bch Khoa H Ni, 2006
[4]
ti KC.06.20CN: Cc bo co m hnh ha v m phng h thng

Turbine ca h thng pht in sc gi. i hc Bch Khoa H Ni, 2005
2 Sn phm 2: H thng ct theo kiu module
Sn phm ny l mt b phn quan trng trong tng th h thng pht in

chy sc gi 20kW ca ti KC.06.20CN. Sn phm hon ton c t lc
thit k, ch to v lp t ti Vit Nam. Ch nhim ti KC.06.20CN chn
thnh cm n nhm chuyn gia do TS. Quc Quang (Vin Cng ngh - B
Cng nghip) ng u, gm cc anh Xun Ngi (Hc vin K thut Qun
s), Trn Xun Thnh (Vin Cng ngh), Nguyn nh Kin v L Khnh Ton
(c hai thuc Vin C hc) hp tc mt cch rt c hiu qu hon thnh
phn nhim v ny.
2.1 Phn tch, tnh ton kt cu ct dy vng
2.1.1 M t kt cu
Kt cu gm mt ct chnh bng thp ng trn v 8 dy cp (sau y gi l
dy vng). Tm dy vng c neo vi ct ti cc cao h1 v h2 tnh t mt
t. Turbine c t ti nh
ct. Cc dy vng c b tr i
xng qua ng thng ng ca
tm ct nh minh ho trn hnh
2.1. Ct chnh c lp ghp vi
phn bng khp bn l.
thun li cho vic lp dng, mt
ct ph lin kt vi ct chnh ti
chnh khp bn l ni trn. Khi
turbine lm vic, ct ph khng
c vai tr tr lc v th khng
c xt ti trong phn tnh ton
ny. Cc thng s hnh hc ca
ct ph c trnh by c th
trong phn thit k.
Hnh 2.1 S m t kt cu tng

th ct dy vng
70
Mc ch ca vic dng dy vng trong kt cu l gi cho ct n nh v

chng li hin tng chuyn v ln do lc gi gy ra. Cc c tnh c hc ca
dy vng hon ton khc vi cc phn t kt cu khc. Bng 1 lit k mt s
tnh cht c hc in hnh ca dy vng s dng trong cc kt cu cng trnh.
Nh ta thy bn ko ca dy ln hn rt nhiu so vi thp dng thanh,
nhng module n hi ca dy ch bng hn mt na module n hi ca thp.
Thm vo dy vng ch l phn t chu ko, hon ton khng chu nn v
un. Cc thuc tnh vn cn c xem xt k lng khi tnh ton cc kt cu
ct dy vng.
Bng 2.1 Tnh cht c hc ca mt s dy cp dng trong kt cu cng trnh
ng knh
(mm)
11.00
13.00
14.50
16.00
21.00
Din tch thc

(mm2)
44.21
57.70
72.96
90.02
152.58
Kh nng chu
ko (kN)
23.23
39.58
63.25
96.32
180.00
M un n hi
(N/mm2)
1.45x107
-
2.1.2 H ti trng tc dng ln kt cu
2.1.2.1
Ti trng gi
Ti trng do gi c tnh trn c s ln v s phn b ca vn tc gi.

C s tnh ti trng gi trnh by trong mc ny da trn ti liu [1] vi s hiu
chnh theo Tiu chun Vit nam [2] v [3], trong s thay i tc gi theo
chiu cao tun theo quy lut.
z n
vz = v
zg
(2.1)
Trong :
cao so vi mt t ti im o gi
zg
v
Vn tc gi c bn, o ti cao zg
vz
Vn tc gi (cn tnh) ti cao z
n
H s m t bng phng ca a hnh;
n = 0.14
Vi a hnh g gh, c nhiu vt chn
n = 0.33
Vi a hnh m, bng phng
Lu : Theo khuyn co ca Hi Khoa hc k thut M vn tc gi c bn
trong phng trnh (2.1) dng trong thit k da trn c s thng k tc gi
ln nht o c a hnh m, bng phng trong khong thi gian 50 nm.
p lc q sinh ra bi gi c vn tc vw cho bi phng trnh:
q=
2
vw
2
(2.2)
71
Trong :
cD l h s cn (drag coefficient), ph thuc vo hnh dng ca vt th
hoc kt cu; cD<1 cho trng hp gi thi c quanh vt th hoc
kt cu.
l mt khng kh p sut tiu chun; =1,29 (kg/m3) o 0oC
v p sut 1 atm [4].
Trong cng thc (2.2) nh hng ca gi git (gust winds), lc xoy
(tornados), bo (hurricanes) cha c xt ti. Khi tnh ti cc yu t ny, p
lc thit k do gi p c tnh bi cng thc:
p = ce cq I qs
(2.3)
Trong :
qs
I
p lc gi tnh theo cng thc (2.2) trong trng hp cD = 1

H s c trng cho tm quan trng ca kt cu. I = 1 cho phn
ln cc trng hp
cq
H s c trng cho hnh hc ca kt cu v cc ph kin km
theo
ce
H s c trng cho nh hng ca lc xoy, bo. ce=1,3 ti
cao 35m.
Tm li, p sut thit k pd sinh ra bi gi trong ti ny c tnh theo
cng thc:
2
pd = ce cq I qs = 0,91 vw
2
(2.4)
pd = 0,5869 v2w
(2.5)
Trong cng thc (2.2) ta chn ce = 1,3, I = 1 v vi hnh hc ca cnh qut

ta chn cq = 0,7. ng vi = 1,29 (trn thc t <1,29 v nhit kh quyn
ca Vit nam khng t 0oC), (2.2) c a v:
2.1.2.2
Ti trng gi do sc cn ca cnh qut Turbine Fwt
Ti Qung Ngi tc gi cc i l 30m/s (s liu thng k trong 5 nm,

[5]). T cng thc (2.1), chn n = 0,33, vn tc gi cao 30m l:
30 0,33
(2.6)
v30 = v
= 43,1093 [m s ]
10
Nh vy p lc thit k l:
2
pd = 0,5869 v30
= 0,5869 43,10932 = 1091 [N/m ]
(2.7)
Vi tng din tch b mt cnh qut l A = 4,5m , lc ngang do gi sinh ra t

s cn ca 3 cnh qut Fwt tc ng ti kt cu l:
Fwt = pd A = 1091 4,5 4900 [ N ]
(2.8)
2
72
2.1.2.3
Ti trng gi do cn ca ct chnh Fwc
Vi ct trn, h s cq trong phng trnh (2.3) c chn l cq = 0,45, nh

vy:
2
pd = 1,3 0,45 qs = 0,3773 vw
(2.9)
Thm vo , thay cho cng thc (2.8), ti do gi c phn b theo chiu

di ct theo cng thc:
(2.10)
Fwc = pd D [ N / m ]
Trong D l ng knh ct. Gi s ct c cao 30m, ng knh 0,35m.
Ti cao:
+
30m vn tc gi l vw|30 = 43,1093 [m s ]
10m vn tc gi l vw|10 = 30 [ m s]
Ti mt t vn tc gi l vw|0 = 0 [m s ]
T cng thc (2.10), lc gi phn b trn 1m di nh ct v cao 10m

l:
Fwc|30 = 0,3773 vw|30 D = 243 [ N / m ]
(2.11)
Fwc|30 = 0,3773 vw|10 D = 118 [ N / m ]
(2.12)
Lc gi nm trong cc im trn c tnh bng cch ni suy tuyn tnh gi

tr lc gi gia 2 im.
Nhn xt: Gi tr lc do gi trong cc cng thc (2.8), (2.11) (2.12) c
tnh vi n = 0,33. trn thc t n < 0,33 v gi tr lc gi thc thp hn gi tr
tnh ton. Tuy nhin, v l do an ton, thit k c tin hnh vi gi tr lc gi
tnh ton. Thm vo , vic tnh ton c thun li, gi tr lc gi sinh ra
do cn ca cnh qut c ly trn l 5000 N, cn lc gi sinh ra do cn ca
ct chnh c xp x theo quy lut tuyn tnh vi lc phn b nh ct l 300
(N/m), cn chn ct l 0 (N/m). Tuy nhin, trong phn tch phn t hu hn
(PTHH) di y, lc gi tc ng ln ct cn tnh chnh xc cho mi phn t.
Cc lc gi tc ng theo phng nm ngang.
2.1.2.4
Ti trng ca Turbine
Theo s liu thit k, turbine c trng lng 750 kg. Nh vy, trng lc ca
turbine tc ng ln kt cu mt lc theo phng thng ng l:
Ft = 7500 N
Khi turbine quay lc Ft cn nhn thm h s ng kd =1,2, [6]. Nh vy lc
thit k gy ra do trng lng ca Turbine Fdt l:
Fdt = 7500 1,2 = 9000 N
73
2.1.3 Phn tch, tnh ton kt cu theo l thuyt ca Timoshenco
Trong phn ny nhm nghin cu tin hnh phn tch v tnh ton kt cu
cho trng hp phng, tc l hng ca ti trng gi nm trong mt phng
cha dy vng (hnh 2.2). S dng cch tnh bng cc phng trnh gii tch
da theo l thuyt ca Timoshenco. Trong trng hp ny kt cu ct dy vng
l kt cu dng siu tnh bc 2. gii bi ton ny cn thit lp cc phng
trnh cn bng tnh hc v cc phng trnh tng thch bin dng.
Hnh 2.2 Hng ca ti trng gi: a) Hng

gi nm trong mt phng cha dy
vng; b) Hng gi hp vi mt
phng cha dy vng mt gc ; c)
Hng gi vung gc vi mt phng
cha dy vng
Hnh 2.3 S tnh ton trong trng hp bi ton phng
Mc ny xc nh cng thc ni lc trong ct v cc dy cp vi gi nh

hng tc ng ca gi trng vi mt trong cc mt phng ca cp v ct chnh.
Nh vy, ta c bi ton phng vi h lc tc ng nh trn hnh 2.3.
Cc k hiu trn hnh 2.3 nh sau:
74
Ft
M
Lc tp trung sinh ra do sc cn gi ca cnh qut, Ft = 5000 N

Mmen sinh ra do gi nh turbine t lch tm. Vi khong
lch tm e th M = P0 e, trong P0 l trng lng ca Turbine,
P0= 9000 N
q0 Cng lc phn b ti nh ct q0=300 N/m
h1 cao t mt t ti im ni cp A
h2 cao t mt t ti im ni cp B
l0
Khong cch t chn ct ti im buc cp trn mt t
l1
di dy cp CA
l2
di dy cp CB
1 Gc gia dy cp CA v mt t, cos1=l0/l1
2 Gc gia dy cp CB v mt t, cos2=l0/l2
Vi gi thit trc khi c cc lc P, M, q0 cc dy cp khng c lc cng hoc
b trng. Khi c tc ng ca mt hoc tt c cc lc P, M, q0, dm s vng
xung di v trong cc dy s c lc cng TA v TB. Bi ton trn hnh 2.3 l
bi ton siu tnh bc 2.
Gi s T1 v T2 tng ng l lc cng trong cc dy cp AC v BC. Nh vy,
chuyn v ngang ti im A ca ct s l t hp ca cc chuyn v sau:
FA do tc ng ca lc Ft, chuyn v sang phi
MA do tc ng ca m men M, chuyn v sang phi
qA do tc ng ca lc phn b q(x), chuyn v sang phi
T1A do tc ng ca lc T1cos1, chuyn v sang tri
T2A do tc ng ca lc T2cos2, chuyn v sang tri
Tc l:
A = FA + MA + qA T1 A T 2 A
(2.13)
Tng t i vi im B:
B = FB + MB + qB T1B T 2 B
(2.14)
vng cho bi cc phng trnh (2.13) v (2.14) bng dn di ca cc

dy cp trn phng nm ngang:
A =
T1 l1
T2 l2
; B =
Ew A1 cos 1
Ew A2 cos 2
(2.15)
Trong Ew l m un n hi ca dy. T cc phng trnh (2.13) (2.15)

ta nhn c phng trnh tng thch xc nh cc lc T1 v T2 nh sau:
T1 l1
Ew A1 cos 1
T2 l2
+
Ew A2 cos 2
FA + MA + qA = T1 A + T 2 A +
(2.16)
FB + MB + qB = T1B + T 2 B
(2.17)
Chuyn v ti im A do lc tp trung, m men, lc phn b ln dm cng

xn c cho trong ti liu [7], c th l:
FA
Ft h12
=
(3h h1 )
6E I
(2.18)
75
MA
M h12
=
2E I
(2.19)
qA
q0 h12
=
20 h3 10 h2 h1 + h13 )
(
120 h E I
(2.20)
T1 A =
T 2 A
T1 cos1 h13
3E I
(2.21)
T2 cos2 h22
=
(3 h2 h1 )
6E I
(2.22)
Tng t, vng ti im B do cc lc tp trung, mmen, lc phn b l:
FB =
Ft h22
(3 h h2 )
6E I
(2.23)
MB
M h22
=
2E I
(2.24)
qB
q0 2 h2
20 h3 10 L2 h2 + h23 )
=
(
120 h E I
(2.25)
T1B
T1 cos1 h12
=
(3 h2 h1 )
6E I
(2.26)
T 2 B
T2 cos2 h23
=
3E I
(2.27)
Trong cc phng trnh (2.18) - (2.27), E l m un n hi ca vt liu ct,

I l m men qun tnh bc 2 thit din ngang ca ct.
t:
1 = FA + MA + qA
2 = FB + MB + qB
(2.28)
(2.29)
Cc phng trnh tng thch (2.16) v (2.17) tr thnh:
a11 T1 + a12 T2 = 1
a21 T1 + a22 T2 = 2
Trong :
a11
(2.30)
(2.31)
cos2 h22 (3 h2 h1 )
cos1 h13
l1
; a12 =
=
+
3E I
6E I
E w A1 cos1
a21 =
cos1 h22 (3 h2 h1 )
6E I
; a22
cos2 h23
l2
=
+
E w A 2 cos2
3E I
(2.32)
(2.33)
Thay cc biu thc trong (2.32) v (2.33) vo cc phng trnh (2.30) v

(2.31) ta c h phng trnh i s tuyn tnh sau:
76
h12 (3 h2 h1 )
l1
h13
os
c
T
cos2 T2 = 1
+
+
1 1
E A cos
3
6
E
I
E
I
1
w 1
2
h (3 h h )
l2
h13
2
1
1
cos1 T1 +
cos2 T2 = 2
+
E w A2 cos2 3 E I
6E I
(2.34)
Gii h phng trnh (2.34) trn ta xc nh c cc gi tr ni lc T1 v T2

trn cc dy vng. T thay cc lin kt dy vng bng cc lc ngoi T1 v T2
tc dng ln ct chnh ta c kt cu ct chnh lc ny l h tnh nh bnh
thng.
2.1.4 Phn tch, tnh ton kt cu theo phng php phn t hu hn s dng
phn mm SAP2000
2.1.4.1
La chn phn t
Trong phn 2.1.3 ta mi gii bi ton trong trng hp n gin khi hng
ti trng gi nm trong mt phng dy vng. Trong trng hp tng qut khi
hng gi hp vi mt phng cha dy vng mt gc th bi ton tr thnh
bi ton khng gian v vic gii bi ton theo phng php gii trnh by trong
mc 2.1.3 gp rt nhiu kh khn. gii bi ton tng qut ny nhm nghin
cu s dng phng php phn t hu hn, trong s dng phn mm
SAP2000 tnh ton kt cu. Tuy nhin SAP2000 khng c phn t dy cp
(cable element) trong th vin cc phn t do cn kim tra chnh xc khi
la chn phn t thay th cho phn t dy.
Nh ni phn trn phn t dy cp l phn t c c tnh c bit ch
chu ko khng chu nn v khng chu un. Vi quan nim nh vy, chng ta
m hnh phn t dy chu ko nh l mt phn t thanh ch chu ko. chnh
xc ca m hnh c th c kim tra bng cch so snh kt qu gii s nhn
c bng phn mm SAP2000 vi kt qu gii bng gii tch nh trong mc
2.1.3.
tin hnh phn tch ta a vo cc thng s hnh hc v vt liu ca ct
chnh v dy vng nh sau:
h = 30m; l0 = 18m; d0 = 0,324m (ng knh ngoi ct chnh),
di = 0,314m (ng knh trong ct chnh)

= 1,45 1011 N / m2
E = 2,1 1011 N / m2 ; E
A1 = A2 = 90,02 106 m2
Qu trnh phn tch c thc hin vi 3 trng hp:
Trng hp th nht: (h1, h2)=(15m;25m)
Trng hp th 2:
(h1, h2)=(17m;25m)
Trng hp th 3:
(h1, h2)=(19m;25m)
Cc kt qu c thng k trong ph lc 1
77
Vic la chn cp gi tr (h1, h2) ph thuc vo tng kt cu c th. Ti

trng ngoi c tnh ton da trn cc d liu sau:
Pt=7500 (N); v=30(m/s); e=0.1(m); S=4.5m2
Trong :
e
lch tm ca turbine so vi tm ct.
Cc thng s khc ging nh mc 2.1.2
Cc gi tr v ti trng gi c xc nh trong mc 2.1.3.
Bng 2.2 lit k cc gi tr ca ni lc trong dy cp v chuyn v ngang ti
u ct vi cc gi tr (h1, h2) khc nhau. Kt qu nhn c bng phn mm
SAP2000 vi m hnh ct chnh c chia thnh 30 phn t dm 2 nt c
chiu di bng nhau, mi dy cp c chia thnh 10 phn t thanh 2 nt cng
vi di bng nhau.
Nh ta thy trong bng 2.2 gi tr ni lc trong cc dy cp v chuyn v
ngang ti nh ct nhn c bng phn mm SAP2000 v bng gii tch ch
khc nhau khng qu 1.74%. Mc sai s ny hon ton c th chp nhn
c. Nh vy, ta c th nh gi c cc dy cp c th m hnh bng phn
t thanh ch chu ko l hp l v vi chnh xc cao.
Bng 2.2 Ni lc ca dy cp v chuyn v ngang ti nh ct chnh gii theo
phng php s SAP2000 v gii bng gii tch
(h1,h2) (m)
(15, 25)
(17, 25)
(19, 25)
Analytical
SAP2000
Analytical
SAP2000
Analytical
SAP2000
T1 (N)
T2 (N)
30 (m)
1849.6036
2014.36
2623.5413
2799.62
3752.8085
3925.27
15620.3679
15472.02
14935.8552
14766.15
13863.8250
13683.77
0.1324
0.1306
0.1307
0.1288
0.1268
0.1246
Bng 2.3 Ni lc ca dy cp v chuyn v ngang ti nh ct chnh gii theo

phng php s bng phn mm SAP2000 khi phn tch 3D
(h1, h2)
T1| (N)
(m)
(15, 25)
1946.10
=
12
(17, 25)
2704.49
(19, 25)
3791.61
1745.19
(15, 25)
=
6
2425.02
(17, 25)
3399.51
(19, 25)
1425.32
(15, 25)
=
4
1980.24
(17, 25)
2775.67
(19, 25)
* Chuyn v theo hng gi
1|
2
(N)
522.53
725.23
1015.74
1008.30
1400.48
1962.61
1425.32
1980.24
2775.67
T2| (N)
(N)
*
30
(N)
14943.82
14262.02
13216.63
13396.94
12785.70
11848.56
10936.81
10437.80
9672.79
3998.25
3815.79
3536.22
7731.09
7378.34
6837.61
10936.81
10437.80
9672.79
0.1310
0.1291
0.1249
0.1312
0.1293
0.1251
0.1313
0.1294
0.1252
2|
2
78
2.1.4.2
Phn tch 3D
Trn c s cc phn tch trn, trong phn ny ta tin hnh phn tch kt cu
bng phn mm SAP2000. Khi hng gi khng nm trn mt phng cha dy
vng, ct chnh s bin dng theo c 2 phng xy. Kt cu ct c ri rc
thnh cc phn t dm khng gian 2 nt vi li phn t nh trn. Trong phn
tch ny ta s tnh cho cc trung hp hng gi hp vi mt phng dy vng

cc gc l
, , .
12 6 4
Bng 2.3 thng k ni lc trong dy cp v chuyn v ngang ca nh ct
chnh theo phng hng gi.
2.1.5 Kim tra n nh ca ct ph khi lp dng
S kim tra n nh khi lp nh hnh 2.4:
Hnh 2.4 S tnh ton ct ph khi lp dng
Khi ct ph to vi phng ngang 1 gc . Tam gic ABO lun l tam gic

cn vi cnh y l AB vi mi gc bt k. Ly mmen ti O cc lc tc dng
ln h.
L
L
MO = T L1 cos 2 + P1 21 cos P3 L cos(900 ) P2 2 cos(900 ) = 0
L
L
(2.35)
P3 L cos (900 ) + P2 cos(900 ) P1 1 cos
2
2
T=
L1 cos
2
79
Trong cng
T
L1
L
P1
P2
P3
thc trn:
Lc ko ti u ct ph [N]
Chiu di ct ph [mm]
Chiu di ct chnh [mm]
Trng lng ct ph [N]
Trng lng ct chnh [N]
Trng lng Turbine [N]
Gc nghing ca ct ph so vi phng ngang

Thay cc gi tr c th vo cng thc trn ta c:
30000
15000
7500 30000cos (900 ) + 25000
cos (900 ) 7000
cos()
2
2
T=
15000cos
2
(2.36)
Lc dc tc dng ln ct ph c tnh nh sau:

P = T sin
(2.37)
2
ng sut trn ct ph l:
P
=
F
Trong F l din tch mt ct ngang ct ph.
F=
( D2 d2 )
4
= 5621
mm2
(2.38)
(2.39)
Thay cc gi tr khc nhau vo ta c:

Bng 2.4 Tnh ton lc khi s dng ct ph
[]
2
30
45
60
90
T [ N]
-2102
17568
27936
37979
56569
P [ N]
-36,67
4547
10691
18990
40000
[N/mm2]
-0,0065
0,81
1,902
3,38
7,116
kim tra n nh ca ct ph ta cn xc nh lc ti hn Pth:

2 E J x
Pth =
2
(l)
(2.40)
Trong :
E
Module n hi ca vt liu. Vi thp CT3 ta c E = 2.10 [N/mm2]
Jx Mmen qun tnh ca tit din theo trc x
d4
3,1416 2194
=
= 112913891 mm4
(2.41)
Jx =
64
64
H s lin kt. Trong trng hp ca ct ph ta c = 1
80
l
Chiu cao ct ph
Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc trn ta c:
3,14162 2 105 112913891
= 990596 [ N ]
(2.42)
Pth =
150002
Ti trng cho php khi tnh n nh c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
P
Pod = th
(2.43)
nod
Trong :
Pth Lc ti hn
nod H s an ton v n nh. Trong trng hp ny chn nod = 3
Thay cc gi tr vo ta c:
990596
Pod =
= 330198 [ N ]
3
iu kin n nh: Pmax Pod . Theo cng thc ta c Pmax = 40000 [N]. Nh
vy ta c Pmax Pod . Vy ct ph m bo iu kin n nh.
2.1.6 bn kt cu cm quay ti chn ct
Trong kt cu, khp quay ti chn ct l v tr quan trng khi kt cu trng

thi lm vic cng nh trng thi lp dng. Ton b lc dc trc ca ct
chnh c t trn kt cu khp quay ny. Trong khp quay 2 tai (tai trn v
tai di) c kt cu v chu lc i xng nhau nn ta ch cn tnh ton, kim tra
bn cho mt tai ( tai trn).
Hnh 2.5 Kt cu cm quay ghp ni gia ct chnh v ct ph
81
Hnh 2.6 Chi tit tai trn
Theo cc kt qu tnh ton cc phn trn, lc tc dng ln tai trn

Fdt=52600 N. Lc ny c phn b u trn ton b mt bch gn vi tai trn.
Khi tnh ton tai trn c ngm ti 2 b mt l ca tai. Cc lc thnh phn
ca lc tng cng Fdt c phng thng ng v chiu hng xung di. S
phn t c chia khi tnh ton m hnh chi tit ny l 46557 phn t. S nt
l 73002 nt.
Kt qu tnh ton nh sau:
Hnh 2.7 S phn b ng sut (von Mises) trn ton b chi tit tai trn
Gi tr ng sut ln nht trn chi tit tai trn l max = 43,1 MPa. Trong khi
ng sut cho php [] = 125MPa. Nh vy, ta thy max < [] chi tit tai trn
m bo bn.
82
2.2 Thit k kt cu ct thp

Trn c s kt qu nghin cu kho st cc mc trc, thit k ny c
th ha thnh mt gii php ct t dng h, tch hp ct chnh v ct ph
thnh mt h thng ng nht nhm n gin ha cng tc chun b, dng h
ct tng an ton trong qu trnh thao tc. Do thi gian thao tc v cc cng
tc chun b l ti thiu nn vic dng h ct s nhanh chng, an ton, thun
tin v kinh t. Qu trnh dng h ct s khng cn cc phng tin h tr
(cn trc, xe my khc vv...). Phn gii thiu trong mc ny cng cp ti mt
s chi tit cu to qua th nghim thc t nhm lm cho qu trnh dng
h ct m bo tnh an ton v kinh t.
2.2.1 M t thit k
Cu trc ca h thng bao gm mt ct chnh v mt ct ph lin kt vi

nhau qua mt khp bn l chnh (hnh 2.8), mt tng v 2 cp no. c
im ca cu trc ny l chiu di ct ph phi bng khong cch t im neo
n tm bn l chnh (hnh 2.9). Ti im neo pha u ct ph, dy neo khng
gn xung mng neo m c gn trc tip ln ct ph. Khi ct chnh v tr
lm vic, ct ph c c nh vi mng neo bng mt thanh lin kt, kt cu
ca thanh lin kt c ch r trong hnh 2.8. Do cch b tr ny, vic dng
h ct s rt n gin sau khi gii phng ct ph khi thanh lin kt. Cc cp
neo ni vi u ct ph cng lm nhim v chng vng cho ct chnh trong qu
trnh dng h ct.
Do c im cu trc ca h thng, trng thi cn bng (trng thi ct
chnh ng thng c nh) trng tm ca h lun pha ct ph (hnh 2.10).
Gc nghing t ca ct chnh (khi h) thng t ti 70 - 80 (so vi phng
thng ng) do khi h ct cn phi ko nghing ct i mt gc tng ng.
Khi gc nghing vt qu gi tr nu th ti h mi bt u c tc dng (lc
ny trng tm ca h vt qua v tr cn bng). gii quyt vn ko
nghing ct vt qua gc t , im neo ca dy neo pha i din vi ct
ph c kt cu c bit v vic ko nghing ct c mt pa lng xch h tr
(hnh 2.11). Sau khi cng tc dng ct kt thc, ct ph c ni t bng
thanh lin kt, palng xch cn tho ra m bo an ton, ngi khng c
nhim v khng th can thip vo trng thi ng thng (trng thi cn bng)
ca ct chnh. Lc ny, ti dng dng h ct khng chu lc nn c th bo
qun, sa cha ti rt an ton. Nhm thun tin khi lp dng v cn chnh,
mt tng- c b tr lin kt gia ct chnh v ct ph, cho php iu chnh
gc gia hai ct.
83
Hnh 2.8 Phi cnh h thng ct ca my pht in chy sc gi lp t
84
Hnh 2.9 Bn v tng th ct gi
85
Hnh 2.10 Trng thi cn bng (trng tm ton h ri ng vo tm ca khp bn

l) ca h thng ct gi
86
Hnh 2.11 Kt cu ko nghing ct c palng xch h tr
87
2.2.2 M t hot ng ca h thng
Qu trnh t hp v dng ct c tin hnh qua 5 giai on khc nhau:

Giai on 1 (hnh 2.12):
Ct ph c t hp nm dc theo mt t. Gc ct ph lp vi bn l
chnh, nh ct ph lp vi thanh lin kt. Cp ti nng c lp vo puly trn
nh ct ph. Tip tc lp on ct u tin ca ct chnh v dng tng
di chn ct iu chnh sao cho v tr ny ct chnh c phng vung gc vi
mt t.
Dng pa-lng v ti ko hoc cu, nng ct ph ln ct chnh nm dc

theo mt t. Tip tc t hp cc on ct chnh v lp h thng cp neo chc
chn. Cc on cp neo c iu chnh lc cng bng cc tng tiu chun.
Ch rng ngoi h thng cp neo c th hin trn hnh v, cn hai h thng
cp neo theo mt phng vung gc vi mt phng dng h ct. m bo
hot ng ca h thng cp neo trong mt phng vung gc vi mt phng dng
h ct, cc im neo trong mt phng ny phi c cng cao vi tm bn l
chnh. Cng tc chun b phi theo ng quy trnh, c kim tra cht ch v
vn an ton ca qu trnh dng ct ph thuc rt nhiu khu ny.
Qu trnh dng ct bt u, h thng ti nng hot ng v qua h thng cp

ti ko ct ph h xung, ct chnh ng thi c dng ln. Hin ti h thng
cp ti c thit k c th ko dng ct theo hai phng thc:
+
Quay tay: Rt c ngha khi lp t nhng ni khng c in, vng

su xa, hi o.
Quay bng ng c.
Khi v tr ct chnh nghing so vi trc thng ng mt gc khong 7 - 80, h

thng ct t n trng thi cn bng (hnh 2.10: trng tm ca h trng vi
trc thng ng i qua khp bn l). Lc ny dng ti nng v s dng pa lng
xch im neo i din vi pha ct ph a ct chnh v v tr thng ng.
Giai on 5:
Ct chnh c a v v tr thng ng, ct ph c c nh vi t bng

thanh lin kt. Kim tra iu chnh ln cui cng ca cc cp neo v my
pht c th bt u lm vic
Qu trnh h ct ngc li vi qu trnh dng ct cho ti giai on 2.
88
Hnh 2.12 Giai on 1 ca qu trnh lp dng
89
90
91
2.2.3 Cc bn v thit k chi tit
(Xem tp bn v thit k chi tit kt cu ct dy vng ti ph lc 1)
92
2.3 Kt lun
Chng 2 trnh by chi tit phn tch tnh kt cu ct dy vng dng
Turbine my pht in nng lng gi vi cng sut 20KW. xc nh h ti
trng bao gm ti trng gi, trng lng Turbine tc dng ln kt cu. s
dng phn t thanh khi m hnh ho kt cu dy cp, nhm nghin cu a
ra li gii bng gii tch trng hp chu lc phng nhm lm c s kim
chng cho kt qu nhn c bng phng php phn t hu hn trn c s
phn mm SAP2000. Phn tch 3D c thc hin vi mt s trng hp m
cc v tr ni cp di vi ct chnh h1 thay i. Nhm nghin cu s dng
phn mm SAP2000 tnh ton kim tra bn kt cu ct chnh theo tiu
chun AISC-AD89. Chuyn v ln nht ti nh ct chnh cng c kim tra
theo Tiu chun Vit nam v cc kt cu xy dng. Qua kim tra cho thy kt
cu ct chnh v dy vng vi cc thng s hnh hc v vt liu s dng trong
bo co hon ton m bo bn theo tiu chun.
Cc nghin cu kho st trn l c s tt yu bo m thnh cng cho
h thng ct thp khi thit k ti Vin Cng ngh (B Cng nghip) v lp t
sau ny ti Khu du lch Ct Bin (x Tam Tin, huyn Ni Thnh, tnh Qung
Nam) ca Cng ty SIC. Chng 2 cn trnh by gii thiu cc tng ch yu
ca thit k v quy trnh lp dng h ct. Phn bn v chi tit c tp hp
trong ph lc 1.

[1]
R.G. Brockenbrough, F.S. Merritt: Structural steel designers handbook.

McGraw-Hill, Inc., Second edition, New York, 1994
[2]
TCVN 6170-3: Cng trnh bin c nh - Phn 3: Ti trng thit k. Vin

Thng tin TCLCL, H ni, 1998
[3]
TCVN 6170-4: Cng trnh bin c nh - Phn 4: Ti trng thit k. Vin

Thng tin TCLCL, H ni, 1998
[4]
J.D. Cutnell, K.W. Johnson: Physics. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 3rd
edition, 1995
[5]
Ngc Qunh: Bo co chuyn kh tng Tp 1: Tn sut, tc

gi theo 8 hng. Vin C hc, Phn vin C hc Bin, H ni, 2000
[6]
SAP2000: Analysis reference, Version 7.0. Computers & Structures Inc.,

California, USA, 1998
[7]
S.P. Timoshenko, J.M. Gere: Mechanics of materials. Van Nostrand

Reinhold company, New York, 1972
3 Sn phm 3: Trm iu khin mt t
Trm iu khin mt t l mt trong bn thnh phn ca h thng pht

in sc gi 20kW ca ti KC.06.20CN, bao gm:
Phn nm trn cao: My pht in v Turbine gi (chng 1).
Phn ct thp bao gm ct chnh v ct ph (chng 2).
Phn trm iu khin mt t (chng 3): Gm c cc thit b iu khin

v nh trm che an ton kh hu cho cc thit b in in t.
Phn h thng lu in (chng 4).
Mc d mang c th khng th tch ri vi sn phm Trm iu khin

ca chng 3, cc sn phm (xem bng 2, ph lc 1 ca hp ng s
20CN/2004/H-TCT-KC.06):
S 8: S cu trc ca Hardware s dng DSP h TMS 320 (c th l

loi TMS 320F2812) ca tp on Texas Instruments.
S 9: S thit b iu khin s dng van in t cng sut.
S 10: S ton th h thng pht in chy sc gi.
S c ln lt gii thiu chi tit ti cc chng 9, 10 v 11. Ngoi ra, mt

s sn phm tr tu mi ca ti nh: Phng php Chn on gim st
t xa thc trng vn hnh cc thit b iu khin v B cos cho h thng
ph ti ch c o vi ni dung kh phong ph v mt khoa hc s c
gii thiu ring ti hai chng 7 v 8, mc d v thc cht chng th hin cc
thut ton c ci t trn sn phm Trm iu khin ca chng 3 ny.
Trc khi i vo gii thiu chi tit, cn nhn mnh thm rng cc ni dung:
nhn mc BK-Wind,
Hardware (s dng TMS 320F2812),
Software (bao gm TMS 320F2812 v Simatic S7-200),
thit k ct thp v
s b cos cho ti ch c o
u ang c ng k bo v di cc hnh thc khc nhau thng qua i

din l Cng ty lut D&N INTERNATIONAL (c tr s ti tng 12, phng 4, s
53 Quang Trung, H Ni).
94
3.1 Cc thit b iu khin
3.1.1 Tng quan v h thng cc thit b iu khin (gm c sn phm s 10)
3.1.1.1
Tng quan v h thng
a) Yu cu i vi h thng
Trm in sc gi c xy dng phi p ng c cc yu cu hot ng
v vn hnh sau y:
+
H thng lm vic c lp nhng vn cho php c s can thip ca con

ngi khi c yu cu.
Cu trc lp t ca h thng m bo thun li cho cng tc bo

dng, kim tra, thay th, phng chng thin tai: bo, l.
Bn cnh , do iu kin nng lng gi u vo ca trm pht in lun

bin ng theo thi gian cn cng sut tiu th pha ph ti u ra cng khng
n nh, cho nn h thng phi c kh nng x l nhng thay i trong nng
lng thu v pht, nhm duy tr s cn bng v nng lng. Nh vy:
+
H thng thc hin tch tr hoc b p nng lng trong iu kin

nng lng u vo nhiu hn hoc t hn cng sut tiu th pha ph
ti.
Nu cng sut tiu th vt qu lng cung cp u vo v kh nng

b p, h thng c bin php k thut m bo khng b r li tiu
th.
Khi cng sut tiu th qu nh cn nng lng thu c t u vo

qu ln vt qu lng c th tch tr li, h thng c gii php tiu
hao ngun nng lng d tha.
Cn c theo nhng yu cu vn hnh v cc bi ton k thut cn phi c, h

thng pht in sc gi c cu trc c thit k nh hnh 3.1.
b) Nguyn l hot ng
Nng lng gi s c chuyn ha thnh in nng v c ly ra pha
Stator ca my pht. Hai b chnh lu lm nhim v bin i nng lng xoay
chiu thnh nng lng mt chiu v a vo mch mt chiu. Chnh lu ph
vi in tr hn ch dng np ban u s hot ng ti thi im khi ng h
thng, nhim v ca n l np t lc CL. Chnh lu chnh s bt u hot ng
sau mt khong thi gian.
S9 Ph ti 4
S8 Ph ti 3
OS
BKCT
in tr t
Simatic S7-200
EM241
ng dy
in thoi
S4
B
iu khin
np Acquy
Cm bin
tc gi
iu khin phanh
Gi ti
Phanh tay
SG
S1
S3
CLII
=
3~
S2
CLI
CL
RL
3~
Chnh lu Pri-charge
DSP
BKHT
Modem
Nghch lu
S5
3~
Y/Y0
230/380
Bin p 3 pha
S7 Ph ti 2
95
S6 Ph ti 1
Hnh 3.1 S khi h thng pht in sc gi
Ni vi mch mt chiu c cc b phn in tr hm, nghch lu, mch np

c-quy v c-quy, chng c tch hp phc v cc bi ton k thut cho h
thng. Khi dng nng lng mt chiu s c iu khin cung cp cho ph
ti thng qua nhnh phn t nghch lu, hoc np vo trong b phn acquy,
hoc a ti in tr hm. Hot ng ca chng c iu khin bi mt b
iu khin hin trng (dng TMS 320F2812) c tch hp trong h thng.
96
Thng qua cc thit b ng ct S1, S2, b iu khin h thng (dng

Simatic S7-200 ca Siemens) s thit lp cc ch hot ng: khi ng, cp
in ph ti, ct ti, v.v...
c) Phn cp iu khin trong h thng
Phn iu khin trong h thng c chia thnh hai cp cn c theo mc
ch hot ng:
+
Cp iu khin hin trng, thc hin cc bi ton iu khin cp

Slave nhng i hi thi gian thc (bi ton iu chnh n nh in
p ra, bi ton np c-quy, bi ton tiu hao nng lng d tha dng
in tr hm, bi ton b h s cng sut cos) can thip trc tip n
cc phn t ca h thng, n gm mt b iu khin chnh, xy dng
da trn phn t TMS320F2812, v cc module ph tr.
Cp iu khin h thng, thc hin cc bi ton iu khin cp Master

nh: thit lp ch hot ng, phn b ph ti tiu th, gim st
hot ng ca h thng, tham gia thc hin bi ton chn on v
gim st t xa thc trng vn hnh. Phn cng s dng l phn t kh
trnh Simatic S7-200 ca hng Siemens.
Mt thit b iu khin, chn on v gim st t xa (hnh 3.2) c tch

hp thm (kt ni vi b iu khin h thng thng qua modem ca S7-200 v
ng dy in thoi) cho php thc hin c cc chc nng quan trng nh:
chn on h thng, pht hin li, cp nht phn mm v.v...
Hnh 3.2 S phn cp trong h thng iu khin trm pht in sc gi
3.1.1.2
Cp iu khin hin trng
Trong h thng pht in sc gi, cp iu khin hin trng l mt b iu

khin do Phng Th nghim Trng im T ng ha thit k, ch to, c
97
tch hp da trn vi x l tn hiu s TMS 320F2812 ca hng Texas

Instruments. Bn cnh card iu khin (hnh 3.3) l 3 module c thit k
gii quyt 3 bi ton iu khin cp hin trng nh:
iu khin nghch lu, p ng yu cu iu chnh n nh in p ra

pha ti tiu th (220V /50Hz);
iu khin in tr t, p ng yu cu tiu th nng lng d tha khi

nng lc tiu th u ra ca ti nh hn so vi nng lng thu c pha
u vo;
iu khin np acquy, phc v vic tch tr nng lng, m bo s cn

bng v nng lng thu v nhn ca trm pht in sc gi.
Hnh 3.3 Cc thnh phn ca h thng iu khin hin trng
d) Card iu khin
Cc thng s k thut c bn ca card iu khin (hnh 3.4):
+
256 Kword Flash EPROM
64 Kword SRAM
8 Kbyte EEPROM, loi SPI
12 knh PWM vi mc tn hiu a ra l 0 5V
3 u vo s 24V DC
1 cng truyn thng RS485
4 u vo s cch ly quang;
16 knh u vo tng t, phm vi tn hiu vo yu cu l 0 5V DC.

e) Module nghch lu
Thnh phn chnh l cc van bn dn cho php thc hin ng ct vi tn s
cao, trong tn hiu iu khin c xc nh cn c theo thut ton iu
khin v iu ch vector khng gian np trong card iu khin.
98
Hnh 3.4 Cu trc phn cng card iu khin
Hnh 3.5 Module nghch lu s dng

van bn dn cng sut
Do h thng c lp t nhng ni khng c li in quc gia, do n

l ngun cung cp in duy nht trong h thng li ph ti, c c im l
thnh phn in tr v in cm ph ti bin thin mt cch ngu nhin theo
nhu cu sinh hot ca khu dn c. V nh vy phn iu khin in p ra cung
cp s phi p ng c cc yu cu k thut sau:
99
Th nht, bin v tn s in p cung cp phi m bo gi n

nh (220V / 50Hz). Trong , yu cu v bin c u tin, tn s
c php bin thin trong mt phm vi nht nh.
Th hai, h s cng sut pht phi tun theo nhng thay i ca ph

ti tiu th. L tng l: H thng c kh nng b sao cho h s
cos l tt nht. y chnh l ng lc ca gii php b s c gii
thiu mc 3.1.5, v l nguyn nhn a n ng k s hu tr tu
ca gii php ny.
Th ba, cng sut pht phi p ng c yu cu ca ph ti tiu

th. Tuy nhin, iu ny cn ph thuc rt nhiu vo ngun nng
lng gi v kh nng tch ly ca h thng lu in.
y l cc nhim v ca bi ton iu khin nghch lu - bi ton iu chnh

n nh in p ra.
f)
Module np c-quy
Trong h thng, b phn c-quy c s dng iu phi qu trnh thu v

pht nng lng. Nu nng lng thu v t my pht ln hn nng lng tiu
th ca li b phn c-quy ri vo ch np v s ngng khi c np y.
Khi nng lng thu c nh hn nng lng tiu th, c-quy s chuyn sang
ch pht, a nng lng ra mch mt chiu b p vo phn thiu ht.
Tuy nhin c-quy s ch lm vic trong ch pht cho n khi nng lng d
tr trong n tt gim xung n nh hn mc nng lng gii hn.
Cu trc phn cng ca b phn c-quy trong h thng bao gm:
+
Cc phn t c-quy 12V mc thnh mng acquy.
Mch iu khin np, phng c-quy, tng ng vi hai ch lm vic

l ch np v ch x.
Hnh 3.6 Cu trc ca

module in
tr hm
100
g) Module in tr hm (Dump load, ti gi)

y l module phn cng c thit k gii quyt tnh hung nng lng
t pha my pht a n mch mt chiu bt u vt qu nng lng t
mch mt chiu a ra ngoi li tiu th, gy ra s mt cn bng v nng
lng thu pht h thng. Khi pht hin ra trng thi mt cn bng nng lng,
b phn in tr t s hot ng v thc hin tiu hao bt nng lng trong
mch mt chiu, mt mt gip lm trit tiu s mt cn bng nng lng trong
h thng. Mt khc gp phn lm tng mmen cn i vi my pht, mt tc
ng cn thit khi xy ra cc cn gi mnh ko di. Bi ton iu khin ny ch
c hot ng khi vic np c-quy khng lm gim bt c s chnh lch ni
trn.
Gii php ny c xy dng da trn cc phn t phn cng sau:
+
B nc vi h thng dn nc vo v x nc ra.
B in tr t, vi nhim v tiu tn nng lng mt chiu trn n.
Van bn dn cng sut, lm nhim v iu khin cng dng in

mt chiu chy qua in tr t.
Hai phn t cm bin o mc nc.
Bi ton iu khin in tr hm khi c chia lm hai phn:

+
Th nht l bi ton iu khin cng dng in mt chiu chy

qua in tr, y tc ng n cng dng in cng s gin tip
tc ng n mc nng lng s b tiu hao trn in tr t.
Th hai l bi ton iu khin mc nc, m bo duy tr mc nc

trong phm vi cho php, nm gia hai v tr cm bin bo mc.
3.1.1.3
Cp iu khin h thng
Thit b s dng l thit b iu khin kh trnh PLC loi Simatic S7-200 ca

hng Siemens. Bn cnh vai tr thu thp d liu v thng s lm vic ca h
thng (trng thi hot ng ca cc phn t in tr t, c-quy, bin tn, cc
thng s in nh dng, p v tn s vv), thit b cn thc hin cc bi ton
iu khin cp Master:
+
bi ton khi ng,
bi ton cung cp in v
bi ton giao tip t xa.
cp iu khin h thng, cc ch lm vic c thit lp cn c trn

hin trng hot ng ca h thng v cc lnh iu khin a xung b iu
khin hin trng.
Bi ton cung cp in
101
Trong cc bi ton trn, bi ton cung cp in cng gi mt vai tr quan

trng. Pha ph ti ghp ni vi h thng pht in sc gi theo cc nhnh
(hnh 3.1), mi nhnh s c gn mc u tin khc nhau. Khi mc tiu th
pha ph ti tng ln trong khi nng lng u vo v ng lng d tr trong
acquy khng th p ng c, thit b iu khin cp cao s thc hin ct bt
cc nhnh ph ti c mc u tin thp gim cng sut tiu th n mc ti
lp s cn bng nng lng trong h thng. Khi nng lng d tr trong acquy
tt xung di mc cho php, thit b iu khin s ct ton b ti tiu th cho
n khi nng lng tch tr c khi phc tr li.
Bi ton iu khin, chn on v gim st t xa
H thng my pht in sc gi hot ng nh mt trm pht in c lp
vi mng li ph ti ring. Vi c im nh vy, bi ton iu khin, chn
on v gim st t xa l rt cn thit, n cho php m bo h thng c th
vn hnh trong tm kim sot, cc li c th xy ra cho h thng s c nhanh
chng pht hin v x l kp thi. Bn cnh gii php s gip thc hin thu
thp cc thng tin v qu trnh hot ng ca h thng, to ngun c s d liu
cho cc cng vic bo dng, sa cha, nh gi. Qu trnh x l d liu s
tch c nhng tham s c trng cho cc tnh hung s c. Cc tham s sau
c khu phn loi li tip tc x l nhn bit h thng c li hay khng
v v tr li u trc khi a ra cnh bo cn thit. iu ny cn c bit c
ngha khi lp t trm ti nhng khu vc ho lnh xa xi.
Mt s chn on c thc hin trong trm pht in sc gi ca ti
KC.06.20CN:
S mt cn bng ca rotor my pht do mn trc, mn hp s, ngn
mch cc pha ca my pht.
Cc b bin i in chnh lu, nghch lu (s h mch hoc ngn
mch).
Chn on li ca my bin p.
Tt c cc chn on u da trn cng tc phn tch cc s liu v dng, p
thu thp c t xa. T mng vn ny, ti KC.06.20CN o to c 1
K s v 1 Thc s.
3.1.2 Hardware iu khin hin trng s dng TMS 320F2812 (sn phm s 8)
3.1.2.1
Khi qut v vi x l tn hiu TMS 320F2812
Vi x l tn hiu (Digital Signal Processor) TMS 320F2812 l thnh vin ca

h TMS 320C28 DSP do tp on Texas Instruments sn xut, c h s tch
hp ln, tnh nng mnh thch hp vi cc ng dng iu khin phc hp. V
cc kh nng nn c chn lm chip ch lc trong cc nghin cu ng
dng ca PTN trng im T ng ha ca trng HBK H Ni. tin theo
di, sau y ta ch k hiu tt l F2812.
102
h) Cc c im c bn ca F2812
Chip F2812 c cc c im c bn nh sau:
Cng ngh Static CMOS
- Tn s xung nhp 150MHz (chu k
lnh 6,67ns)
- Tiu th nng lng thp (li 1,8V,
vo/ra 3,3V)
- in p lp trnh Flash l 3,3V
Kim sot xung ng h v h

thng
- H tr thay i ng h s PLL
- Oscillator trn phin
- Module ng h Watchdog
3 ngt ngoi
H tr chun JTAG dng phng

Khi h tr m rng (Peripheral
chip
Interrupt Expansion: PIE) ti 45
n v x l trung tm CPU 32-Bit
ngt ngoi vi
(ca h TMS320C28x)
Kha m an ton 128-Bit
- Php nhn MAC 16 x 16 v 32 x 32
- Bo v Flash/OTP v L0/L1 SARAM
- Cu trc Bus Harvard
- Chng k thut ph Firmware
- p ng v x l ngt tc cao
3 ng h CPU 32-Bit
- Nhiu m hnh lp trnh b nh
- Qun l theo a ch tuyn tnh 4M
Ngoi vi iu khin my in
nh chng trnh
- Hai b Event Managers (EVA, EVB)
- Qun l theo a ch tuyn tnh 4M
- cho ti 240 ngoi vi
nh d liu
Ngoi vi tun t
- D to m bng C/C++ hoc hp
- Giao din ngoi vi tun t (Serial
ng (Assembler)
Peripheral Interface: SPI)
- M ngun tng thch vi
- Hai giao din truyn thng tun t
TMS320F24x/LF240x
(Serial Communications Interfaces:
B nh trn phin (On-Chip
SCIs), Standard UART
Memory)
- H tr truyn thng eCAN (Enhanced
- C ti 128K x 16 Flash (bn mng
Controller Area Network)
8K x 16 v su mng 16K x 16)
- Multichannel Buffered Serial Port
- 1K x 16 loi OTP ROM
(McBSP) With SPI Mode
- L0 v L1: 2 khi loi 4K x 16
16 knh ADC 12-Bit
- C RAM truy cp n (Single-Access
- Xen knh 2 x 8 u vo
RAM: SARAM)
- Hai b trch mu - gi chm
- H0: 1 khi 8K x 16 SARAM
(Sample-and-Hold)
- M0 v M1: 2 khi loi 1K x 16
- Ch trch mu n l, trch mu
SARAM
lien tc (Single / Simultaneous
Boot ROM (4K x 16)
Conversions)
- C Boot Modes bng Software
- Tn sut trch mu ln: 80 ns/12.5
- Standard Math Tables
MSPS
Giao din ngoi (F2812)
C ti 56 chn vo/ra xen knh
- Ti a 1M b nh
kh trnh (Multiplexed General-
- Programmable Wait States

- Programmable Read/Write Strobe
Timing
- Three Individual Chip Selects
i)
103
Purpose Input/Output: GPIO)

Cc c tnh phng Chip nng cao
(Advanced Emulation Features)
- Chc nng phn tch v t im
dng (Breakpoint)
- G ri thi gian thc bng Hardware
(Real-Time Debug via Hardware)
S chn ca F2812
Hnh 3.7 gii thiu s b tr chn ca vi x l tn hiu TMS 320F2812.
Hnh 3.7 S b tr 176 chn ca TMS 320F2812
j)
S khi chc nng ca F2812

S khi chc nng ca F2812 c gii thiu hnh 3.8.
104
Hnh 3.8 S khi cu trc ca TMS 320F2812
Trn c s hnh 3.8 ta c th thuyt minh ngn v c im cc khi trong

s cu trc ca F2812 nh sau.
n v x l trung tm (Central Processing Unit: CPU) ca TMS 320C24x
Dng vi x l tn hiu C28x l thnh vin mi nht ca h TMS320C2000.
M ngun ca C28x hon ton tng thch vi cc chip loi 24x/240x, to iu
kin ngi s dng 240x c th s dng li cc mng m quan trng ca h.
Thm vo , dng C28x c kh nng s dng hu hiu ngn ng C/C++, cho
php ngi s dng khng ch ci t phn mm iu khin phc hp bng
ngn ng bc cao, h cn c th pht trin cc thut tnh ton hc C/C++.
Dng C28x thc hin c hiu qu cc php tnh cng nh cc bi ton iu
khin thi gian thc thng thy trong cc h thng thit b iu khin t ng.
105
Kh nng cao cho php loi b yu cu s dng thm vi x l th 2,

thng thy trong nhiu h thng. Php nhn MAC 32 x 32-bit MAC ca C28x
v cc kh nng x l 64-bit cho php C28x x l hu hiu cc vn tnh
s bc cao, m trong nhiu trng hp i hi phi dung ti gii php vi x l
du phy ng t tin. Thm vo , tc p ng ngt nhanh km theo kh
nng ct gi ni dung cc thanh ghi quan trng, cho php F2812 x l phc
v cc s kin bt thng (asynchronous events) vi thi gian tr b nht.
Dng C28x s dng php pipeline (chng knh) su 8 mc c bo v (8-leveldeep protected pipeline) c truy cp b nh kiu pipeline. Php pipeline cho
php C28x x l vi tc cao m khng nht thit cn n cc b nh tc
cao t tin. .
H thng Bus ghp vi b nh (Memory bus, cu trc Harvard)
Nh mi dng DSP khc, mt h thng nhiu Bus c s dng trao i
s liu gia CPU, b nh v ngoi vi. Cu trc Bus ghp b nh ca dng C28x
gm c Bus c m chng trnh, Bus c s liu v Bus ghi s liu.
+
Bus c m chng trnh gm c 22 dy a ch v 32 dy s liu.
Bus c v ghi s liu c 32 dy a ch v 32 dy s liu.
Bus s liu vi b rng 32-Bit cho php thc hin cc php tnh 32-Bit ch
trong 1 nhp. Cu trc nhiu Bus - c gi l cu trc Harvard cho php
dng C28x ng thi ly lnh, c mt gi tr s liu v ghi mt gi tr s liu
ch trong mt nhp duy nht. Mi thit b ngoi vi v b nh c ghp vo Bus
u c th c phn cp u tin truy cp b nh. Ni chung, vic phn cp u
tin truy cp Bus c th c tng kt nh sau:
u tin cao nht
Ghi s liu
Ghi chng trnh
c s liu
c chng trnh
u tin thp nht Ly lnh
Bus ngoi vi (Peripheral Bus)
h tr ghp ni ngoi vi cho cc h DSP khc nhau ca TI, F2812 k
tha chun bus ngoi vi quc t. Bus ngoi vi l cu ni xen knh cc bus khc
nhau, bin chng thnh mt bus n vi 16 dy a ch v 16 (hoc 32) dy s
liu cng vi cc tn hiu iu khin cn thit. C hai phng n bus ngoi vi
c h tr trn F2812.
+
Mt phng n ch h tr truy cp 16-bit v iu nhm bo m

tng thch vi cc ngoi vi ca C240x.
Phng n cn li h tr c truy cp 16- v 32-bit.
Chun JTAG thi gian thc (Real-Time JTAG) v kh nng phn tch
Dng C28x ci t chun giao din JTAG k hiu IEEE 1149.1. Thm vo
, dng C28x h tr:
106
mode thi gian thc cho cc lnh thc hin gia ni dung cc nh,
cc ngoi vi v cc thanh ghi, trong khi vi x l vn ang chy, vn
ang thc hin m lnh hay ang phc v ngt.
Nh , ngi s dng c th thc hin cc lnh n ca nhim v khng c

i hi khc nghit (critical) v thi gian, trong khi vn ang lin tc phc v
cc ngt c i hi khc nghit v thi gian m khng h nh hng ln nhau.
Dng C28x c ci t sn mode thi gian thc trong hardware cng vi CPU.
y l c im chung ca mi chip thuc dng C28x m khng cn ti phn
mm monitor. Thm vo :
+
mt c ch phn tch c bit bng hardware
s cho php ngi s dng t im dng hoc im quan st s liu / a

ch, v to nn cc s kin ngt ty chn khc nhau.
Giao din ngoi (External Interface, XINTF)
Giao din khng ng b ny bao gm 19 dy a ch, 16 dy s liu v 3 dy
chn chip. Cc dy chn chip c t chc lin kt (mapped) vi 5 vng ngoi
chip: cc vng 0, 1, 2, 6, v 7. Vng 0 v 1 chia nhau s dng chung 1 dy chn
chip share a single chip-select, vng 6 v 7 s dng chung mt dy khc. Tng
vng trong s 5 vng trn c th c lp trnh vi cc s lng nhp i (wait
states) khc nhau, tn hiu i v thi gian gi ca tng vng u c th c
lp trnh vi thi gian i hoc khng. Vic trng thi i, dy chn chip v tn
hiu i l kh trnh lm cho vic giao tip vi b nh ngoi v vi ngoi vi
khng cn cng nhc v tr nn rt linh hot.
Flash
Chip F2812 c:
+
128K x 16 b nh Flash nhng trn phin v
1K x 16 loi OTP.
B nh Flash c t chc thnh:

+
4 mng 8K x 16 v
6 mng 16K x 16.
Ngi s dng c th xa, lp trnh hay kim tra cc mng hon ton c
lp. Tuy nhin, khng th ng thi chy mt mng v xa / ghi mt mng
khc. K thut chng knh (pipelining) khi truy cp b nh lm tng thm
tnh nng ca b nh Flash. B nh Flash / OTP c t chc xen c hai
khng gian nh chng trnh v s liu, phc v c hai nhu cu chy chng
trnh hoc ct gi s liu.
Cc khi nh M0, M1 SARAMs
Mi chip thuc dng C28x u c 2 khi nh truy cp n vi kch c 1K x
16 mi khi. Con tr ngn xp s tr vo M1 sau khi reset. Khi M0 trng
(overlap) a ch vi cc khi RAM B0, B1, B2 ca dng 240x, v do khi t
chc ct d liu ca 240x cn phi lu . Hai khi M0 v M1, cng nh mi
107
khi nh khc ca dng C28x, u c t chc c 2 khng gian nh chng

trnh v s liu. V vy, ngi s dng c th dung M0 v M1 vo c hai mc
ch: chy m chng trnh hay x l s liu. Vic phn vng s dng s c
quyt nh khi ghp (link) cc module software. Dng C28x c t chc b nh
thng nht trong ton b dng. iu ny s lm n gin thm cng tc lp
trnh bng ngn ng bc cao.
Cc khi nh L0, L1, H0 SARAMs
Chip F2812 cn c thm 16K x 16 RAM loi truy cp n (single-access
RAM), chia thnh 3 khi (4K + 4K + 8K). Mi khi c th c truy cp c
lp v do lm gim nguy c mu thun khi chng knh. Mi khi u c
t chc c hai khng gian nh chng trnh v s liu.
Boot ROM
B nh Boot ROM c np sn chng trnh boot t trc khi xut
xng. Cc tn hiu chn ch boot (boot-mode) cho php ta khai bo vi
phn mm gi chng trnh boot (bootloader) ch boot cn chn khi khi
ng h thng. Ngi s dng c th la chn:
+
ch boot thng thng,
hay ch np (download) phn mm khc t mt ngun ngoi,
hay chn chng trnh boot ct ti b nh Flash trn phin (internal

Flash).
B nh Boot ROM cn c cc bng c chun b sn nh dng sng SIN /

COS phc v cho cc ng dng tnh ton.
Bo mt (Security)
Chip F2812 h tr bo mt mc cao bo v firmware khi cc truy cp
khng c php. Chc nng bo mt cho php s dng:
+
mt t kha (password) 128-bit, m ha cng vi 16 nhp ch

(hardcoded for 16 wait states).
Ngi s dng t np t kha ny vo Flash. Mt module m bo mt (code

security module, CSM) c dng bo v cc khi Flash/OTP v L0/L1
SARAM. Kh nng bo mt cho php phng chng c trm hoc ni dung b
nh qua cng JTAG, hoc m chng trnh t cc b nh ngoi, hoc tm cch
boot np (boot-load) phn mm l vi kh nng xut ra ngoi ni dung ca cc
khi nh c kha m bo mt. truy cp cc khi nh , ngi s
dng phi nhp ng gi tr kha 128-bit, trng ng vi gi tr ct trong
Flash.
Khi m rng ngt ngoi vi (Peripheral Interrupt Expansion, PIE)
Khi PIE phc v xen knh nhiu ngun ngt khc nhau v quy chng v
thnh mt tp nh cc u vo ngt. Khi PIE c th h tr ti 96 ngt ngoi vi.
Trn chip F2812:
+
ngoi vi s dng tt c l 45 trong tng s 96 ngt.
108
96 ngt c phn thnh cc nhm, mi nhm l 8 ngt v c gn

cho 1 trong s 12 dy ngt ca CPU (INT1 ti INT12).
Mi ngt u c vector ngt ring ct trong RAM m ngi s dng c

th ghi xa.
Khi phc v ngt, CPU s t ng c vector ngt. Thao tc c cn 9

nhp xung ng h ca CPU v s ct ni dung ca cc thanh ghi quan trng.
Nh vy, CPU c th phn ng nhanh vi cc s kin ngt. Vic phn cp u
tin ca ngt s do hardware v software iu khin. Tng ngt ring r c th
b cm, hay cho php trong khi PIE.
Cc ngt ngoi (External Interrupts, XINT1, 2, 13, XNMI)
Chip F2812 h tr 3 ngt ngoi l loi c th che chn (masked) c
(XINT1, 2, 13). XINT13 c lin kt vi mt ngt ngoi loi khng che chn
(non-masked) c (XNMI). Tn hiu lin kt c tn l XNMI_XINT13. Mi ngt
u c th c chn bi sn m hoc sn dng ca tn hiu ngt v nh
vy cng c th cm hoc cho php kch hot (k c XNMI). Mi ngt loi che
chn c u c mt b m tin 16-bit, c ni dung b a v khng khi
pht hin sn ngt hp thc. B m c th c s dng o chnh xc
thi gian phc v ngt.
Mch dao ng (Oscillator) v PLL
Chip F2812 c th c iu khin bi xung nhp do mch dao ng ngoi
hay mch dao ng trong (ghp thm thch anh dao ng) cung cp. Mt mch
kha pha PLL c sn h tr ti 10 h s chia tn u vo khc nhau. Cc h s
PLL c th c thay i ng (on-the-fly) bng software, cho php ngi s
dng c th thay i tn s ng h ngay khi ang vn hnh, mt tnh nng
quan trng khi xut hin i hi gim cng sut tn hao lc ang chy. Khi
PLL c th c chuyn sang ch ngh (bypass mode).
C ch Watchdog
Chip F2812 c mt ng h watchdog. Phn mm ng dng s phi reset b
m watchdog trong mt khung thi gian nh, nu khng c ch watchdog
s t reset vi x l. C th cm c ch watchdog khi cn thit.
Xung ng h cho ngoi vi (Peripheral Clocking)
Ngi lp trnh c th cm hoc cho php cp xung ng h ring r cho
tng ngoi vi, nhm mc ch tit kim nng lng khi ngoi vi khng hot
ng. Thm vo , tn s xung ng h h thng a ti cc cng tun t (tr
eCAN) v cc b x l s kin (event managers), ti cc khi CAP v QEP c th
c gim so vi tn s ng h ca CPU. Kh nng ny cho php cch ly nhp
ca ngoi vi vi nhp ng h ca CPU khi tn s rt cao.
Cc ch tit kim nng lng (Low-Power Modes)
Chip F2812 thuc loi chip thun ty static CMOS. C tt c 3 ch tit
kim nng lng:
IDLE
STANDBY
HALT
109
a CPU v ch tit kim nng lng. C th ngng xung ng

h ca ngoi vi, ch gi li ng h ca nhng ngoi vi c nhu cu
hot ng c ch IDLE. Mt tn hiu ngt ca ngoi vi ang
hot ng s nh thc a vi x l ra khi trng thi IDLE.
Ngng xung ng h ca CPU v ngoi vi. Ch ny ngng c b
dao ng v chc nng PLL. Mt s kin ngt ngoi s nh thc
vi x l v c ngoi vi. Trng thi hot ng s quay tr li nhp
tip ngay sau khi pht hin c s kin ngt.
Ngng b dao ng. Ch ny ngng hot ng ton chip v a
chip v trng thi tiu th t nng lng nht. Ch tn hiu reset
hoc XNMI c th nh thc chip ra khi ch ny.
Peripheral Frames 0, 1, 2 (PFn)

Chip F2812 chia cc ngoi vi ra thnh 3 mng. Cc ngoi vi c t chc
nh sau:
PF0 XINTF Thanh ghi lp cu hnh giao din ngoi
PIE
Thanh ghi cho php v kim tra ngt PIE v bng vector PIE
Flash
Thanh ghi iu khin Flash, lp trnh, xa, kim tra
Timers Thanh ghi ng h CPU 0, 1, 2
CSM
Thanh ghi KEY bo mt
PF1 eCAN
Thanh ghi hp thoi v kim tra eCAN
PF2 SYS
Thanh ghi kim tra h thng
GPIO
Thanh ghi lp cu hnh xen knh v kim tra vo/ra GPIO
EV
Thanh ghi iu khin ca b x l s kin (EVA/EVB)
McBSP Thanh ghi iu khin McBSP v TX/RX
SCI
Thanh ghi iu khin giao din tun t ca truyn thng (SCI)
v RX/TX
SPI
Thanh ghi iu khin giao din tun t ca ngoi vi (SPI) v
RX/TX
ADC
Thanh ghi iu khin b ADC 12-Bit
B xen knh vo/ra a nng (General-Purpose Input/Output, GPIO
Multiplexer)
Phn ln cc tn hiu ngoi vi u c xen knh vi tn hiu I/O a nng.
iu ny cho php ngi s dng dng mt chn (pin) di dng vo/ra a
nng khi tn hiu hay chc nng ngoi vi khng c dng n. Sau reset, mi
chn GPIO u c t dng u vo. Sau , ngi s dng c th lp
trnh ring r cho tng chn, chn mt trong hai ch GPIO hoc tn hiu
ngoi vi.
Cc ng h 32-Bit ca CPU (0, 1, 2)
Cc ng h CPU 0, 1, v 2 l 3 ng h 32-bit ging ht nhau vi chu k
kh trnh v kh nng chn chia tn s ng h ti 16-bit. Mi ng h c mt
thanh ghi m li 32-bit, pht tn hiu ngt khi ni dung b m v ti khng.
B m li hot ng vi tn s ng h ca CPU chia cho h s t. Khi b
110
m v ti khng, n s t ng c np mi gi tr chu k 32-bit. ng h

CPU 2 c d tr dnh cho cc ng dng OS (RTOS)/BIOS thi gian thc.
ng h CPU 1 dnh cho cc chc nng h thng TI. ng h CPU 2 c ni
vi INT14 ca CPU. ng h CPU 1 c th c ni vi INT13 ca CPU. ng
h CPU 0 c dnh s dng ty nhu cu v c ni vi khi PIE.
Ngoi vi iu khin ng c (Motor Control Peripherals)
Chip F2812 h tr cc ngoi vi sau y, p ng nhu cu thc hin cc h
iu khin nhng v truyn thng:
EV
Module qun l s kin bao gm cc thanh ghi a nng, cc b so
snh/PWM (full-compare/PWM), cc u vo o (capture inputs, CAP)
v cc mch thu thp xung ca Encoder (my o khc vch xung quang
hc, quadrature-encoder pulse, QEP). Hai b qun l s kin cho
php iu khin ng thi 2 ng c xoay chiu 3 pha hoc 4 ng c
2 pha. Cc b qun l s kin ca F2812 tng thch vi cc b cng
chc nng ca dng 240x devices.
ADC
Khi ADC l mt b bin i 12-bit, 16 knh. B ADC c 2 n v trch
mu / gi chm cho php trch mu mt cch lin tc.
Ngoi vi cng tun t (Serial Port Peripherals)
Chip F2812 h tr cc ngoi vi c truyn thng tun t sau y:
y l phin bn nng cao ca ngoi vi CAN. Phin bn ny h tr 32
hp thoi (mailboxes), gi bn tin, v tng thch vi CAN 2.0B.
McBSP
y l cng tun t c m a knh, c s dng ni vi cc dy
E1/T1, m ha vi cht lng phone dng trong cc ng dng
modem hoc cc thit b Audio DAC loi stereo c cht lng cao.
Cc thanh ghi thu v pht ca McBSP h tr FIFO 16 mc. iu ny
gim ng k s trng lp khi phc v ngoi vi loi ny.
SPI
SPI l mt cng I/O tun t ng b tc cao, cho php dch
chuyn mt chui bit tun t vi chiu di kh trnh (t 1 n 16-bit)
vo hay ra khi chip ch trong mt ln gi bit do ta lp trnh. Thng
thng, SPI c s dng truyn thng gia chip DSP controller
v ngoi vi ngoi, hoc mt vi x l khc. Cc ng dng c trng
bao gm I/O ngoi hoc m rng ngoi vi bng (v d) cc thanh ghi
dch, cc b m hin th, v cc b ADCs. Vic truyn thng gia
nhiu n v cng c h tr nh ch hot ng master/slave
ca SPI. Trn chip F2812, cng SPI h tr FIFO thu pht 16 mc.
SCI
Giao din truyn thng tun t ny l mt cng tun t khng ng
b 2 dy, thng c gi l UART. Trn chip F2812, cng ny h
tr FIFO thu pht 16 mc.
eCAN
111
k) T chc khng gian nh

Hnh 3.9 gii thiu t chc khng gian nh ca F2812. Ta c th thy r
khng gian bao gm hai vng chnh: Vng trn phin (On-chip memory) v
vng ngoi phin (External memory).
Hnh 3.9 T chc khng gian nh (memory map) ca TMS 320F2812
Ton b khng gian nh 4Mword c chia thnh cc vng nh:

+
0x000000 0x0003FF, 1Kx16 SARAM (vng M0)
0x000400 0x0007FF, 1Kx16 SARAM (vng M1)
0x008000 0x008FFF, 4Kx16 SARAM (vng L0)
0x009000 0x009FFF, 4Kx16 SARAM (vng L1)
0x3D7800 0x3D7C00, 1Kx16 OTP ROM
112
0x3D8000 0x3F7FFF, 128Kx16 Flash EPROM
0x3F8000 0x3F9FFF, 8Kx16 SARAM (vng H0)
0x3FF000 0x3FFFFF, 4Kx16 ROM (Boot ROM)
l cc vng c th va dng lm b nh chng trnh va dng lm b nh

d liu.
Ring cc vng nh sau:
+
0x000800 - 0x000DFF, 2Kx16 RAM (vng PF0)
0x006000 0x006FFF, 4Kx16 RAM (vng PF1)
0x007000 0x007FFF, 4Kx16 RAM (vng PF2)
l vng cc thanh ghi c bit. Phn vng a ch cho b nh ngoi phin:

+
0x002000 0x003FFF, 8Kx16 (Zone 0)
0x004000 0x005FFF, 8Kx16 (Zone 1)
0x080000 0x0FFFFF, 512Kx16 (Zone 2)
0x100000 0x17FFFF, 512Kx16 (Zone 16)
0x3FC000 0x3FFFFF, 16Kx16 (Zone 7)
Cc vng ny c th c dng lm b nh chng trnh hoc cho b nh d

liu.
Phn tip theo gii thiu mt s cc thng tin cn bit khi s dng b nh
trong cc h thng iu khin.
Giao din phn cng ghp ni vi b nh ngoi
Hnh 3.10 gii thiu giao din phn cng khi ghp ni vi b nh ngoi chip
F2812. Trong hnh , cc dy XA 0-18 l bus a ch, cc dy XD0-15 l bus
d liu. Cc tn hiu iu khin c ngha nh sau:
+
XWE: Tn hiu cho php ghi, d liu c a ra ngoi
WRD: Tn hiu cho php c, d liu c c t bn ngoi vo
XMP/MC: Tn hiu thit lp vng nh c s dng khi khi ng
XHOLD, XHOLDA: Tn hiu dng cho ch truy nhp bus DMA
XCLKOUT: ng h a ra ngoi (loi xung nhp iu ch tn s c)
XR/W, XREADY: Tn hiu dng khi truy nhp cc chip h Motorola
XZCS0AND1, XZCS2, XZCS6AND7, cc chn cho php, xem bng 3.1

di y.
Vic truy nhp vo cc vng nh ngoi phin c quy nh bi cc tn hiu

cho php khc nhau, v mi vng nh tng ng vi mt gii a ch trong
khng gian nh 4Mword.
113
Bng 3.1 Cc chn cho php v vng nh tng ng c kch hot
Vng
Zone 0
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 6
Zone 7
Di a ch
0x002000 0x003FFF
0x004000 0x005FFF
0x008000 0x100000
0x100000 0x180000
0x3FC000 0x400000
Tn hiu
XZCS0AND1
XZCS0AND1
XZCS2
XZCS6AND7
XZCS6AND7
Hnh 3.10 Giao din ghp ni phn cng vi b nh ngoi
Ch khi ng
F2812 khi ng ti mt trong hai vng nh khc nhau cn c theo mc
logic ca chn XMP/MC nh sau:
+
XMP/MC = 1, vng nh khi ng l Zone 7, bng 3.1. y l vng

nh ngoi phin do nu khi ng ti y th ngi s dng phi t
xy dng chng trnh khi ng cho mnh.
XMP/MC = 0, vng nh khi ng l Boot ROM, hnh 3.9, nm trn

phin. Boot ROM c tch hp sn m chng trnh khi ng ca
nh sn xut.
114
Bng 3.2 Bng phn vng a ch trong Boot ROM
Chc nng
Bng ton hc v cc hm
Hm np khi ng
Bng vector
Di a ch
0x3FF000 0x3FFBFF
0x3FFC00 0x3FFFBF
0x3FFFC0 0x3FFFFF
Chng trnh khi ng bao gm cc tnh nng sau:

+
Bootloader (b np khi ng), s dng khi c nhu cu nhn d liu

(gm c m chng trnh) t bn ngoi vo trong mt vng nh trn
phin.
Cc thng tin v phn cng, s hiu phin bn, m kim sot li.
Bng vector ngt, gm c vector reset.
Bng tra ton hc: bng sin/cos, bng nghch o chun ha, bng
bnh phng chun ha, bng gi tr lm trn.
3.1.2.2
l)
Thit k Hardware ca ti KC.06.20CN
M t tnh nng Hardware
H thng pht in sc gi (hnh 3.1) s c tch hp mt b iu khin

hin trng duy nht, thc hin tt c cc bi ton iu chnh thi gian thc
ca h thng, bao gm c bi ton iu chnh n nh in p ra. Cu trc b
iu khin, 4 module, c xut nh sau:
+
Module trung tm, tch hp vi x l tn hiu TMS 320F2812 ca hng

Texas Instrument.
Module s, gm cc tt c cc mch chc nng logic s.
Module tng t, gm cc tt c cc mch chc nng tng t.
Module cng sut, thc hin chc nng bin i DC-AC, tng ng vi
thit b iu khin s dng van in t cng sut (khi nghch lu)
trong mc 3.1.3.
Vic phn chia nh vy cho php x l cch ly khi thit k cc loi tn hiu
khc nhau c s dng bn trong b iu khin:
+
Cch ly gia mch cng sut v mch iu khin.
Cch ly gia mch tng t (tn hiu tng t) vi mch s (tn hiu
logic s).
Bn cnh cho php phn chia chc nng cho tng module:
+
Tnh ton x l thc hin ti module trung tm.
Cc module m rng dng ghp ni vi cc i tng trong h thng.
115
m) Card iu khin
Cc module: trung tm, s v tng t c ghp li thnh mt card iu
khin thit k theo kiu cm slot. Card iu khin (hnh 3.4) c tnh nng sau:
+
64Kword SRAM
8Kbyte EEPROM, loi SPI
12 knh PWM vi mc tn hiu 0 5V
3 u vo rle 24VDC
4 u vo s cch ly quang
14 knh u vo tng t, 0 5V DC
1 knh u vo tn s 0 20kHz
1 knh u vo tng t tch hp thm mch to dng chun 1mA
Hnh 3.11 Hnh nh b tr linh kin trn module trung tm
Module trung tm
Cc tnh nng ca module trung tm (hnh 3.11) c th tm tt nh sau:
+
S dng F2812
Tc hot ng ti a 150 MIPS (triu cu lnh/giy)
C 18 Kw RAM trong F2812
C 128 Kw Flash trong F2812
Tch hp thm 64 Kw SRAM
116
Cung cp cc cng m rng chc nng: P2, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9
Ngun cp u vo 5V DC.
Thng qua h thng cc cng ghp ni (bng 3.3), module trung tm c

ghp vi cc mch chc nng m rng.
Bng 3.3 Ch thch v cc cng ghp ni ca module trung tm
TT Cng
1
P1
2
P2
S lng chn
14
60
3
4
5
6
7
8
20
10
3
10
40
20
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
Ch thch
Cng giao din JTAG
Ghp ni b nh ngoi gm: ng d liu,
a ch, iu khin
Tn hiu vo/ra, chn chc nng ngoi vi
Knh tn hiu tng t cho ADC
Ngun cp (+5VDC)
Knh tn hiu tng t cho ADC
Cng P2 gm cc chn tn hiu phc v vic ghp ni m rng b nh, c

gii thiu trong bng 3.4 di y.
Bng 3.4 Bng chn tn hiu ca cng P2
TT
1
2
3-18
19-34
35-36
37
Chn
+3,3V/5V/n.c.
+3,3V/5V/n.c.
XD0..15
XA0..15
GND
XZCS0AND1
Loi(1)
O
O
IOZ
OZ
I/O
OZ
Ch thch
Cung cp ngun 3,3V hoc 5V(2)
16 ng d liu (truy nhp ra b nh ngoi)
19 ng a ch (truy nhp ra b nh ngoi)
t
Chn vng a ch ngoi 0 v 1 (Zone 0, Zone
1)
Chn vng a ch ngoi 2 (Zone 2)
Ngoi vi bo v sn sng kt thc truy
nhp
38
39
XZCS2
XREADY
OZ
I
40
41
n.c.
XR/W
OZ
Tn hiu iu khin c hoc ghi khi truy

nhp ra ngoi
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
n.c.
XWE
XRD
+3,3V
XNMI/XINT13
XRS
n.c.
OZ
OZ
O
OZ
IO
Cho php ghi khi truy nhp ra bn ngoi

Cho php c khi truy nhp ra bn ngoi
Ngun 3,3V
Ngt khng che c, ngun ngt s 13
Tn hiu reset dng cho CPU v WDT
117
49-52
53-55
56
GND
XA16..18
XHOLD
I/O
OZ
I
57
XHOLDA
OZ
58-60
n.c.
t
3 ng a ch (truy nhp ra b nh ngoi)
Ngoi vi yu cu th ni bus truy nhp ra b
nh ngoi
Chp nhn th ni bus truy nhp ra b nh
ngoi
: Tn hiu l loi u vo (I), u ra (O), tng tr cao (Z).

: vic la chn ngun cp loi g c thc hin ngay trn module trung
tm.
(1)
(2)
Cng P4 gm cc chn tn hiu iu khin, tn hiu trng thi ca cc thit b

ngoi vi, c gii thiu trong bng 3.5.
TT
1
2
Chn
+3,3V/5V/n.c.
XINT2/ADCSOC
Loi(1)
O
I/O
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
MCLKXA
MCLKRA
MFSXA
MFSRA
MDXA
MDRA
n.c.
GND
CAP5/QEP4
CAP6/QEPI2
T3PWM/T3CMP
T4PWM/T4CMP
TDIRB
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
O
I
I/O
I
I
I
I
I
Ch thch
Ngun ngt XINT2, tn hiu ra lnh bin i
ADC
Xung nhp truyn, McBSP
Xung nhp nhn, McBSP
Xung ng b, McBSP
Xung ng b, McBSP
Chn truyn d liu, McBSP
Chn nhn d liu, McBSP
t
Chn bt xung s 5
Chn bt xung s 6
Tn hiu PWM ca Timer 3
Tn hiu PWM ca Timer 4
iu khin hng m cc timer thuc
EVB
16
TCLKINB
I
Xung nhp ngoi cho cc timer thuc EVB
17
XF/#XPLLDIS
O
Dng iu khin PLL hoc lm u ra s
18
SCITXDB
O
Chn truyn khng ng b SCIB
19
SCIRXDB
I
Chn nhn khng ng b SCIB
20
GND
I/O
t
(1)
: Tn hiu l loi u vo (I), u ra (O), tng tr cao (Z)
(2)
: Vic la chn ngun cp loi g c thc hin ngay trn module trung
tm.
118
Cng P8 gm cc chn tn hiu iu khin, tn hiu trng thi ca cc thit b

ngoi vi (bng 3.6).
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Chn
+3,3V/5V/n.c.
5V
SCITXDA
SCIRXDA
XINT1/XBIO
CAP1/QEP1
CAP2/QEP2
CAP3/QEPI1
PWM1
PWM2
PWM3
PWM4
PWM5
PWM6
T1PWM/T1CMP
T2PWM/T2CMP
TDIRA
TCLKINA
GND
GND
n.c.
XINT1/XBIO
SPISIMOA
SPISOMIA
SPICLKA
SPISTEA
CANTXA
CANRXA
XCLKOUT
PWM7
PWM8
PWM9
PWM10
PWM11
PWM12
CAP4/QEP3
T1CTRIP/PDPINTA
Loi(1)
O
O
O
I
I
I
I
I
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
I
I
I/O
I/O
Ch thch
Cung cp ngun 5V
Chn bt xung nhp s 1

Chn bt xung nhp s 2
Chn bt xung nhp s 3
Chn tn hiu PWM s 1
Chn tn hiu PWM s 2
Chn tn hiu PWM s 3
Chn tn hiu PWM s 4
Chn tn hiu PWM s 5
Chn tn hiu PWM s 6
Chn tn hiu PWM ca timer 1
Chn tn hiu PWM ca timer 2
iu khin hng m cc timer thuc EVA
Xung nhp ngoi cho cc timer thuc EVA
t
t
I
O
I
I/O
I/O
O
I
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
I
I
Chn truyn d liu, SPI

Chn nhn d liu, SPI
Xung nhp truyn thng, SPI
Cho cho php hot ng, SPI
Chn truyn d liu, CAN
Chn nhn d liu, CAN
Xung nhp cp cho ngoi vi bn ngoi
Chn tn hiu PWM s 7
Chn tn hiu PWM s 8
Chn tn hiu PWM s 9
Chn tn hiu PWM s 10
Chn tn hiu PWM s 11
Chn tn hiu PWM s 12
Chn bt xung nhp s 4
Cm hot ng timer 1/dng PWM ca EVA
Chn truyn khng ng b SCIA

Chn nhn khng ng b SCIA
119
38
39
40
T3CTRIP/PDPINTB I
Cm hot ng timer 3/dng PWM ca EVB
GND
I/O
t
GND
I/O
t
(1)
(2)
: vic la chn ngun cp loi g c thc hin ngay trn module trung
tm
Cng P7 (bng 3.7) gm cc chn tn hiu iu khin, tn hiu trng thi ca
cc thit b ngoi vi.
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Chn
C1TRIP
C2TRIP
C3TRIP
C4TRIP
C5TRIP
C6TRIP
T2CTRIP/EVASOC
Loi(1)
I
I
I
I
I
I
I/O
T4CTRIP/EVASOC
I/O
Ch thch
Cm so snh knh 1
Cm so snh knh 2
Cm so snh knh 3
Cm so snh knh 4
Cm so snh knh 5
Cm so snh knh 6
Cm hot ng timer 2/ra lnh bin i
ADC
Cm hot ng timer 4/ra lnh bin i
ADC
9
10
n.c.
GND
I/O
t
(1)
Cng P5 (bng 3.8) gm cc chn tn hiu tng t, u vo ca b ADC

thuc EVB.
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Chn
Loi(1)
ADCINB0 I
ADCINB1 I
ADCINB2 I
ADCINB3 I
ADCINB4 I
ADCINB5 I
ADCINB6 I
ADCINB7 I
ADCREFM O
ADCREFP O
(1)
: Tn hiu l loi u
Ch thch
u vo ADC s 0, loi S&H B
in p mu (1V)
in p mu (2V)
vo (I), u ra (O), tng tr cao (Z)
120
Cng P9 (bng 3.9) gm cc chn tn hiu tng t, u vo ca b ADC

thuc EVA.
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Chn
GND
ADCINA0
GND
ADCINA1
GND
ADCINA2
GND
ADCINA3
GND
ADCINA4
GND
ADCINA5
GND
ADCINA6
GND
ADCINA7
GND
VREFLO
GND
n.c.
(1)
: Tn hiu l
Loi(1)
I/O
I
I/O
I
I/O
I
I/O
I
I/O
I
I/O
I
I/O
I
I/O
I
I/O
I/O
I/O
Ch thch
t
u vo ADC s
t
u vo ADC s
t
u vo ADC s
t
u vo ADC s
t
u vo ADC s
t
u vo ADC s
t
u vo ADC s
t
u vo ADC s
t
Ni vi AGND
t
0, loi S&H A
1, loi S&H A
2, loi S&H A
3, loi S&H A
4, loi S&H A
5, loi S&H A
6, loi S&H A
7, loi S&H A
loi u vo (I), u ra (O), tng tr cao (Z)
Module trung tm c s dng cc Jump khc nhau thit lp ch hot

ng cho module (hnh 3.12).
Hnh 3.12 Bng b tr cc jump trn module trung tm
JP1 c s dng xc nh mc logic cho chn tn hiu XMP/MC, c

dng thit lp vng nh s dng khi boot:
121
XMP/MC = 0: Boot c thc hin t vng Zone 7 ca XINTF
XMP/MC = 1: Boot c thc hin t boot ROM, tch hp trong F2812
JP9 c s dng quy nh hot ng cho ngoi PLL, tch hp ngay trn
F2812:
+
JP9 v tr 1-2: PLL khng hot ng
JP9 v tr 2-3: PLL c php hot ng
Cc jump JP7, JP8, JP11, JP12 c thit k la chn cc ch boot

(bng 3.10) cho module trung tm.
Bng 3.10
JP12
1
0
0
0
0
0
JP11
x
1
0
0
0
0
La chn ch boot thng qua t hp logic ca cc jump
JP8
x
x
1
1
0
0
JP7
x
x
1
0
1
0
Ch
Nhy n a ch 0x3F7FF6 (Flash ROM)
SPI boot, c d liu t EEPROM ngoi
SCI boot, c d liu t cng SCI-A
Nhy n a ch 0x3F8000, H0 SARAM
Nhy n a ch 0x3D7800, OTP ROM
Parallel boot, c d liu t cng GPIOB
Module s
Cc tnh nng ca module s:
Cung cp cng ghp ni vi module trung tm, module tng t v

module cng sut.
12 knh PWM vi mc tn hiu 0 5V
3 u vo rle 24V DC
8Kbyte EEPROM, loi SPI
64Kword SRAM
4 u vo s cch ly quang
Cc knh PWM
Cc tn hiu PWM ly ra t module trung tm s ln lt c a qua cc

tng (A), (B), (C) ri xut ra bn ngoi (hnh 3.13).
+
Tng (A): Lm nhim v bin i mc tn hiu loi CMOS (0 3,3V

DC) thnh loi TTL (0 5V DC).
122
Tng (B): L cc phn t m logic, c tc dng o li trng thi logic

ca tn hiu a ra bn ngoi.
Tng (C): L cc cng xut tn hiu PWM ra bn ngoi, gm hai phn:

phn a ra module in t cng sut, phn cn li a ra bn ngoi
b iu khin.
Trng thi logic ban u ca cc tn hiu PWM l 1 (mc cao = 5V DC).
Hnh 3.13 S nguyn l cc knh PWM trong module s
Cc u vo rle 24V DC
Cc u vo rle 24V DC (hnh 3.14) c chc nng sau:

+
Tng (A): Tn hiu la chn ch boot cho b iu khin, khi tc

ng ch boot theo Boot ROM s c kch hot (xem thm ti liu
v phng php boot ca F2812.
Tng (B): Tn hiu iu khin cp ngun cho b iu khin, khi tc

ng ngun in (5V DC) s c cp vo cho b iu khin.
Tng (C): Tn hiu iu khin hot ng ca cc knh PWM, khi tc

ng tt c cc knh PWM u ngng hot ng, mc logic thp c
xc lp ti tt c cc u ra knh PWM.
Cc cun ht ca rle s c cung cp bi ngun 24V DC ly t bn ngoi.
Cc cng truyn thng RS232 / RS485
Module s c 2 cng truyn thng (hnh 3.15):

+
Tng (A): Cng truyn thng RS485, c tch hp sn in tr u

cui.
123
Tng (B): Cng truyn thng RS232, h tr ti TTL.
Hai cng truyn thng c a ra bn ngoi thng qua P1.
Hnh 3.14 S nguyn l u vo rle 24V DC trong module s
Hnh 3.15 S nguyn l cng truyn thng RS232/RS485 trong module s
EEPROM
EEPROM s dng trn module l linh kin M95640 (hnh 3.16), vi cc c

tnh k thut sau:
+
S dng giao thc SPI
Tn s xung nhp t ti 10MHz
H tr c hai ch vit tng byte hoc vit c mt trang (32 byte).
Trong b iu khin, M95640 gi vai tr Slave, lu gi s liu, c iu

khin bi phn t Master l F2812. Vic giao tip gia Master v Slave c
thc hin bng cc cu lnh trong bng 3.11 v thng qua cc chn tn hiu:
124
D: Truyn d liu
Q: Nhn d liu
C: Nhn xung nhp
S: Cho php hot ng (tch cc thp)
Bng 3.11
K hiu
WREN
WRDI
RDSR
Bng cc cu lnh s dng trong giao thc SPI
M t
Cu lnh
M lnh
Cho php ghi

0000 0110
Cm ghi
0000 0100
c thanh ghi
0000 0101
trng thi
WRSR
Ghi vo thanh
0000 0001
ghi trng thi
READ
c d liu
0000 0011
WRITE Ghi d liu
0000 0010
(*1)
Trng a ch gm c 16 bit, vi
cc bit cn li b b qua.
(*2)
Trng d liu gm c 8 bit.
a ch(*1)
D liu(*2)
Khng cn
Khng cn
Khng c
Khng cn
Khng cn
Gi tr c trong
thanh ghi trng thi
Khng c
Gi tr nh ghi vo
thanh ghi trng thi
a ch nh D liu c v
a ch nh D liu cn ghi
M95640, ch c A12 A0 l c ngha,
Hnh 3.16 S ghp ni

phn t EEPROM
trong module s
B nh ngoi (Flash EPROM v SRAM)
Flash EPROM l phn t AM29LV160D (hnh 3.17), vi cc c tnh k thut

sau:
+
Dung lng nh l 1Mx16bit hoc 2Mx8bit, di d liu l byte hay

word c th c la chn thng qua tn hiu iu khin.
Thi gian truy nhp t n 70ns.
Dung lng nh c phn vng, cho php lp trnh hoc thc hin
bo v cho tng vng.
125
H tr ch lp trnh hoc xa on-board, cung cp sn giao thc

phc v tnh nng ny.
Flash EPROM c thit k lm ni lu tr cc d liu quan trng: Thng

tin lm vic ca h thng theo thi gian, cc thng tin cnh bo v chn on
li hot ng ca h thng.
SRAM l phn t CY7C1021, vi cc c tnh k thut sau:
+
Dung lng nh 64Kx16, d liu c ct di dng word hoc byte.
Thi gian truy nhp t n 8ns.
SRAM c thit k lm vng nh d liu tm thi, pht sinh trong qu

trnh hot ng ca h thng.
Hnh 3.17 S ghp ni phn t Flash EPROM v SRAM
u vo s cch ly quang
B iu khin c thit k vi 4 u vo s c cch ly quang (hnh 3.18).

c im ca cc u vo s l:
+
Cch ly v mt ngun cung cp vi bn trong, v vi nhau.
Chu c dng in u vo ti a 50mA, dng in kch c cng

1A trong 100us.
in p ngc t vo ti a 6V.
126
Hnh 3.18 S ghp ni cc u vo s cch ly quang
Module tng t
Cc tnh nng thit k ca module tng t:
Cung cp cc cng ghp ni vi module trung tm, module s, module

cng sut
14 knh u vo tng t, 0 - 5V DC
1 knh u vo tn s 0 - 20kHz
1 knh u vo tng t tch hp thm mch to dng chun 1mA
16 mch m cho cc knh u vo tng t
Mch to ngun p chun 10V DC
u ra ca cc knh nm trong khong 0 - 3,3V DC.
Cc i lng o
Cc i lng o ca ton h thng PCSG c lit k trong bng 3.12 di

y.
Bng 3.12
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Bng cc i lng o ca module tng t
i lng o
in p mt chiu trung gian: Udc
Dng in mt chiu trung gian: Idc
Dng in u ra pha A: IA
Dng in u ra pha B: IB
Dng in c-quy: Iacquy
in p c-quy: Uacquy
Dng in ra my pht pha u: Iu
Dng in ra my pht pha v: Iv
Di tn hiu
0 - 5V DC
0 - 5V DC
0 - 5V DC
0 - 5V DC
0 - 5V DC
0 - 5V DC
0 - 5V DC
0 - 5V DC
Knh
Knh
Knh
Knh
Knh
Knh
Knh
Knh
Knh
tn hiu
tng t
tng t
tng t
tng t
tng t
tn s
tng t
tng t
9
10
11
12
in p ph ti pha u: UPTu
in p ph ti pha v: UPtv
Tc gi
Nhit trn tm tn nhit ca
nghch lu
127
0
0
0
0
5V
5V
5V
5V
DC
DC
DC
DC
Knh tng t
Knh tng t
Knh tng t
Knh tng t
dng ngun dng
Knh u vo tng t
Hnh 3.19 minh ho s khi cu trc ca knh u vo tng t, gm hai

tng:
+
Tng mch m, c nhim v khuch i u vo v tng tr khng

u vo cho tn hiu, u vo l cc tn hiu in p vi phm vi bin
thin 0 - 5V DC.
Tng mch b, c nhim v iu chnh mc tn hiu tun theo phm vi

c quy nh trc ca u ra ( y l 0 - 3,3V DC), mc b d tnh
l 10V DC.
Hnh 3.19 S khi cu trc ca

knh u vo tng t
Hnh 3.20 l s nguyn l ca mt knh u vo tng t, mi tng s

dng mt phn t khuch i thut ton LM324.
Hnh 3.20 S ca mch u vo tng t
Knh u vo tng t dng ngun dng
Hnh 3.21 minh ho s khi cu trc ca knh u vo tng t dng

ngun dng, gm hai tng:
128
Tng mch m: C nhim v khuch i u vo v tng tr khng

u vo cho tn hiu, u vo l cc tn hiu in p vi phm vi bin
thin 0 - 5V DC.
Tng mch b: C nhim v iu chnh mc tn hiu tun theo phm

vi c quy nh trc ca u ra ( y l 0 - 3,3V DC), mc b d
tnh l 10V DC
Ngoi ra, tng trc cn c ni vi mt mch to ngun dng (ngay u

vo), y gi tr ngun dng l 1mA.
Hnh 3.21 S khi cu trc

ca knh u vo tng
t dng ngun dng
Hnh 3.22 l s thit k ca mt knh u vo tng t dng ngun dng,

mi tng tng ng vi mt phn t khuch i thut ton LM324. Mch to
ngun dng s dng phn t LM334.
Hnh 3.22 S ca mch u vo tng t dng ngun dng dng LM324
Knh u vo tn s
Hnh 3.23 minh ha s khi cu trc ca knh u vo tn s, gm hai

tng:
+
Tng mch bin i tn s - in p.
129
Tng mch m: C nhim v khuch i u vo v tng tr khng

u vo cho tn hiu, u ra l cc tn hiu in p trong phm vi 0 3,3V DC.
Hnh 3.23 S khi cu trc
ca knh u vo tn
s
Hnh 3.24 gii thiu s ca mt knh u vo tn s, tng trc dng

LM231, tng sau dng khuch i thut ton LM324.
Hnh 3.24 nguyn l ca mch u vo tn s
3.1.3 iu khin h thng s dng PLC loi Simatic S7-200

Simatic S7-200 ca Siemens l thit b iu khin kh trnh ph cp trn th
trng Vit Nam. Do c th ca bi ton iu khin cp h thng ca h
PCSG thuc ti KC.06.20CN khng phc tp v khi lng x l khng
ln, vic s dng S7-200 l hp l v chi ph. Ngoi ra, vi S7-200 ta c th
chn thm phn t modem EM241 phc v cho cng tc gim st - chn on
t xa hin trng vn hnh ca h thng PCSG.
Hin ti c rt nhiu ti liu k thut v hng dn s dng ca S7-200 ang
lu hnh trn th trng. V l , mc ny s khng i vo gii thiu S7-200
m ch tp trung vo nhng ni dung lin quan n ti KC.06.20CN.
3.1.3.1
Khi qut v bi ton iu khin v truyn thng trong h thng
n) Bi ton iu khin vn hnh

H thng PCSG c 2 trng thi chnh l trng thi hot ng v trng thi
dng. Turbine ch quay khi nm trong di tc gi thch hp. y di tc
130
gi hot ng l t 2,5 m/s n 16 m/s. Khi tc gi qu thp (<3 m/s) th

h thng hot ng khng c hiu qu, Turbine c th vn quay nhng quay rt
chm, cng sut nhn c ch b cc tn hao c kh v tn hao trong my
pht v trong cc b bin i. Khi tc gi qu cao ( 16m/s, trong trng
hp gi bo) nu Turbine quay th nguy him cho h thng v c nguy c gy
hng cc b phn c kh. Do cc c ch bo v (gp ui, lt cnh) s tc
ng. y ta gi trng thi h thng khi Turbine quay l trng thi hot ng,
cn ngc li l trng thi dng.
Khi h thng ang trong trng thi hot ng h thng c vn hnh nh
sau:
+
DSP thc hin iu khin nghch lu to in p xoay chiu 3 pha.

Tn hiu iu khin van t 6 knh PWM ca DSP s iu khin 3 cp
van IGBT ca nghch lu.
DSP iu khin qu trnh np c-quy. Qu trnh np ny s c bt

u khi gi tr ca in p mt chiu Udc l ln. Qu trnh np ny
s m bo cho vic tch lu in nng phc v cho vic nui h thng
iu khin, nui ti khi gi thp hoc khi dng Turbine, hay cung cp
cho cc ti tiu th in DC. Khi Udc b (do qu ti hoc do tc gi
thp) hoc khi Turbine dng, th c-quy s x in b vo cung cp
cho ph ti. Khi h thng trng thi dng th c-quy s nui h thng
ti c mt khong thi gian lu tng ng vi kch c dn c-quy m
ngi s dng u t.
DSP thc hin iu khin b ti gi (dump-load), mt mt nhm duy

tr in p 1 chiu Udc khng vt qu gi tr gii hn khi gi mnh m
ti thc nh. DSP s dng phng php iu ch b rng xung (PWM)
iu khin dng in chy vo in tr ti gi.
PLC c nhim v iu khin phi hp cc nhim v trn ca DSP.
PLC iu khin phn phi ph ti: Khi qu ti th PLC s ct bt ti u

tin thp ra khi h thng, PLC cng m nhim ng li ti khi tnh
trng qu ti qua i. Ph ti chng ta c gi thit l 4 ti vi th t
u tin khc nhau.
Khi tc gi qu cao (>16 m/s) hoc qu b (<2,5 m/s), hoc khi vic
truyn thng gia PLC v DSP khng th thc hin c (iu ny s gy hi
cho h thng), hoc khi Udc tng ln qu cao m khng th kim sot c th
h thng PCSG s chuyn sang trng thi dng do cc c ch bo v tc
ng. ng thi kt thc vic iu khin ti gi.
+
Ct S2 ra trnh dng in chy t c-quy vo ti gi.
PLC s ct bt cc ti u tin thp ra khi li in.
Lc ny c-quy vn cung cp in nng cho ti. ng thi DSP s tnh

ton dung lng cn li ca c-quy. Nu in p c-quy xung n
131
ngng thp 110V DC, PLC s ct ht ti ra dnh in nng cn

li ca c-quy ch nui h thng iu khin, v tnh trng ny c th
ko di ti a c 1 tun. S kin ny c DSP bo cho PLC bit qua
ng truyn thng.
iu khin ng ct bng tay ca h thng c th c thc hin bt c khi
no. Khi h thng ang trng thi ngh m nguyn nhn l do Udc tng ln qu
cao khng th kim sot c hoc do truyn thng gia DSP v PLC khng
thc hin c th vic a h thng sang trng thi hot ng bnh thng ch
c thc hin bng ng ct bng tay t cc nt trn mt t in.
o) Bi ton truyn thng
C 2 qu trnh truyn thng trong h thng PCSG:
+
Truyn thng khong cch xa gia PLC vi PC qua modem.
Truyn thng gia PLC v DSP trong phm vi t iu khin.
Cng vic truyn thng th nht l khng thng xuyn, ch thc hin khi h
thng gp s c hoc cn nng cp firmware cho DSP t xa. Cng vic truyn
thng th 2 l thng xuyn, trong trong mi vng qut ca PLC th vic truyn
thng vi DSP phi c thc hin mt ln trong s dng ch truyn
thng freeport ca PLC, trong PLC ng vai tr trm ch (Master) v DSP
ng vai tr t (Slave).
3.1.3.2
Thit k cu trc iu khin s dng S7-200
p) Phn cng ca S7-200

Simatic S7-200
Simatic S7-200 l PLC ca c nh ca hng Siemens vi cu trc kiu
module v c nhiu module m rng. H thng PCSG ca ti KC.06.20CN
s dng loi CPU226 Xm. Trn module CPU 226 Xm c:
+
Ngun cung cp cho CPU l 24V DC hoc in p xoay chiu 110 V AC

n 230 V AC
24 u vo s DI
16 u ra s
Vng nh chng trnh l 8kb, vng nh d liu l 5kb
256 counter v 256 timer
6 counter tc cao v cc timer thi gian thc
Cc n hiu trn S7-200

+
SF: n bo hiu li. H thng c s c.
132
RUN: n xanh ch th ch lm vic. H thng PLC ang hot ng.
STOP: n vng ch th ch dng. Dng chng trnh PLC ang

thc hin li.
Ix.x: n xanh cng vo ch th trng thi tc thi ca cng Ix.x. n

ny bo hiu trng thi ca tn hiu theo gi tr logic ca cng.
Qy.y: n xanh cng ra ch th trng thi tc thi ca cng Qy.y. n

ny bo hiu trng thi ca tn hiu theo gi tr logic ca cng.
Cng truyn thng

+
S7-200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip theo chun truyn thng
ni tip RS-485 vi phch ni 9 chn phc v cho vic truyn thng
vi thit b lp trnh hoc vi thit b PLC khc. CPU 226 c 2 cng
truyn thng port0 v port1.
thc hin ghp ni vi my lp trnh PG702 hoc vi cc my lp

trnh thuc h PG7xx c th s dng mt cp ni qua MPI . Cp i
km vi my lp trnh.
Ghp ni S7-200 vi my tnh c nhn qua cng RS-232 (cc cng

COM1, COM2) cn c cp ni PC/PPI vi b chuyn i RS-232/RS485.
Cng tc chn ch lm vic cho PLC

+
RUN cho php PLC thc hin chng trnh trong b nh. PLC S7-200
s ri khi ch RUN v chuyn sang ch STOP nu trong my c
s c hoc trong chng trnh gp lnh STOP, thm ch ngay c khi
ang lm vic ch RUN.
STOP cng bc PLC dng cng vic thc hin chng trnh ang chy
v chuyn sang ch STOP. ch STOP, PLC cho php hiu
chnh li chng trnh hoc np mt chng trnh mi (ch c th np
mt chng trnh mi khi chuyn sang ch STOP).
TERM cho php my tnh lp trnh t quyt nh mt trong ch lm

vic cho PLC hoc RUN hoc STOP.
Chnh nh tng t
iu chnh tng t cho php iu chnh cc bin cn phi thay i v s
dng trong chng trnh. Cc nm chnh analog ny c t di np y bn
cnh cc cng ra.Thit b chnh nh c th quay vi gc ti a l 270 .
Pin v ngun nui b nh
Ngun nui nhm mc ch l ghi chng trnh hay np mt chng
trnh mi. Ngun Pin c s dng trong trng hp mun m rng thi gian
lu tr cho cc d liu trong b nh. Ngun Pin ny s t ng chuyn sang
trng thi tch cc khi dung lng t nh b cn kit khng nui b nh
133
na, ngun pin s thay th vai tr ca t nh duy tr d liu trong b nh

khng b mt i.
q) Cu trc b nh ca S7-200
B nh ca S7-200 c chia lm 4 vng vi mt t in nhm mc ch
duy tr d liu c trong b nh trong mt khong thi gian tng i ln khi
PLC b mt ngun. c im ca b nh trong S7-200 l c tnh nng ng
cao, c v ghi c trong ton vng, ch ngoi tr cc vng nh bt c bit
SM (special memory) l vng nh ch c truy cp c. B nh ca S7-200
gm cc vng sau y:
+
Vng chng trnh: L vng dng lu tr cc lnh chng trnh.

Vng ny thuc kiu non-volatile c v ghi c.
Vng tham s: L vng lu tr cc tham s nh: t kho, a ch trm

vv... Cng ging nh vng chng trnh, vng tham s thuc kiu nonvolatile c v ghi c.
Vng d liu: Dng ct cc d liu ca chng trnh bao gm cc

kt qu cc php tnh, hng s c nh ngha trong chng trnh,
b m truyn thng vv Mt phn ca vng nh ny thuc kiu nonvolatile c v ghi c.
Vng i tng: Timer, b m, b m tc cao v cc cng vo/ra

analog c t trong vng nh cui cng. Vng ny khng thuc loi
non-volatile, nhng c ghi c.
M rng cng vo v ra : CPU 226 Xm cho php m rng nhiu nht l

7 module. Cc module c th l tng t, hoc s, hoc module
chuyn dng.
r) Cc module m rng s dng trong cu trc

ti KC.06.20CN thc hin h thng PLC vi cc module m rng sau y:
+
Module AI/A0:
EM 235 vi 4 AI v 1 AO
Module ra s DO:
EM 222 vi 8 u ra s DI
Module modem:
EM 241
Module EM 235 vi 4 AI v 1 AO (hnh 3.25)

y l mt loi module m rng ca S7-200 phc v cho cc ng dng t
ng ho phc tp, cn x l cc tn hiu tng t. Cc u vo / ra ny s
c ni vi cc sensor v khu chp hnh. Mt u im ni bt ca loi
module ny l thi gian bin i AD v DA nhanh, chu c nhng iu kin
khc nghit trong mi trng cng nghip (nhit mi trng cho php trong
khong -25 - +70 oC. Tn hiu tng t vo ra c th l dng ngun dng hoc
134
ngun p. Di tn hiu khi dng ngun dng l 0 - 20mA vi phn gii l

11-bit, thi gian bin i 2ms, khi dng ngun p l 10V vi phn gii l
12 bit, thi gian bin i 100 s. S u dy cho module tng t ny nh
hnh 3.26.
Hnh 3.25 Module

EM235
Hnh 3.26 S ni dy ca EM235
Module EM 222 vi 8 u ra s DO 8 Outputs 24V DC

Hnh 3.27 gii thiu module EM222 v s ni dy ca module.
a)
135
b)
Hnh 3.27 Module EM222 (a) v s ni dy (b)
Module modem EM241

Module modem cho php ni trc tip S7-200 vi ng dy in thoi v c
cc tnh nng sau:
+
Cung cp giao din ng dy in thoi.
Cung cp cho Step7- Micro/Win mt giao din modem lp trnh v

sa li.
H tr Modbus RTU
H tr nh trang (paging) s v vn bn
H tr SMS messaging
Cho php trao i d liu gia CPU - CPU hoc CPU Modbus
Cho php bo v bng password
Cho php dng security callback
Cu hnh ca module modem c lu li trong module CPU.
Hnh 3.28 Module EM241
136
Module modem ny ch yu phc v cho cng tc chn on gim st t xa

thc trng vn hnh thit b. iu ny rt c ngha khi m ni chu trch
nhim bo hnh h thng v ni lp t h thng xa nhau. Khi c module ny
th chi ph cho vic nng cp, sa cha v chn on li h thng s gim i rt
nhiu do c kh nng d bo c li trc khi n tn ni sa cha. Vi vic
s dng module modem ny ta cn c kh nng theo di, thu thp d liu t
khong cch rt xa v qua theo di gim st hot ng ca h. ng thi ta
c th download v upload firmware cho DSP t xa thng qua mng in thoi
v PLC vi module modem ny.
s) Cc lu thut ton iu khin
Cc lu thut ton iu khin ci t trn S7-200 th hin r thc
hin bi ton iu khin h thng, gm c: chng trnh chnh (hnh 3.29) v
cc chng trnh con. Phn gii thch tip theo ngay sau phn lu .
Chng trnh
CHNH
Begin
Yes
mode = Run : Com ?
Chng trnh truyn

thng vi PC qua
module modem
No
Yes
ang vng qut u ca PLC
Chng trnh khi to

cho h thngYes
No
Chng trnh vn hnh h thng.

Nhim v
+ iu khin vic truyn thng
gia PLC v DSP
+iu khin vn hnh h thng
ng vi cc trng thi khc nhau
ca h thng (trng thi hot
ng v trng thi dng)
Hnh 3.29 Lu
chng trnh
chnh ca
PLC S7-200
End
137
T lu chng trnh chnh (hnh 3.29) ta c th theo di tip cc chng

trnh con cc lu sau y.
Begin
Truyn thng vi DSP

& Manual On/Off
H ang trng thi ngh

& { Vmin<Vwind<Vmax trong
thi gian T=30s & Unsafe_bit=0
hoc (Unsafe_bit=1 &
nt start c n)}
Chuyn sang trng thi hot ng

+Set bit nh c trng trng thi hot ng
ca h thng, Reset bit nh c trng trng
thi ngh
+ ng ht tt c cc ti vo
+ Cp nht trng thi ra panel
+M phanh hm c kh
+ng S2, S3, S4
+Reset Unsafe_bit
Yes
No
Yes
Khng truyn thng c
vi DSP hoc Ud khng tng khng
khng ch c
Set bit nh Unsafe_bit
Gi bit nh
Unsafe_bit l bit
c trng cho tnh
trng nguy him
No
{(Vwind<Vmin
OR Vwind>Vmax)
v H ang trng thi hot ng trong
thi gian T=30s}
Yes
Chuyn sang trng thi dng

+Set bit nh c trng trng thi
dng ca h thng,Reset bit nh
c trng trng thi hot ng
+ Ct ht nhng ti u tin thp
ra khi li
+ Cp nht trng thi ra panel
+ng phanh hm
+Ct S2
No
No
H ang trng
thi hot ng
Tnh trng nguy him

xy ra khi truyn
thng gia PLC v
DSP khng thc hin
c hocUd tng
khng kim sot c
Yes
Chng trnh iu khin Hot ng
Chng trnh iu khin dng
End
Hnh 3.30 Chng trnh vn hnh h thng: Chng trnh con c kch hot t lu
chng trnh chnh hnh 3.29
138
Begin
Chng trnh phn phi in nng

+ Khi qa ti th iu khin ct bt ti
mt cch hp l
+ iu khin ng li cc ti khi giai
on qu ti qua i
Chng trnh hot ng bnh un

+ Gi cho mc nc trong bnh un
ngp in tr hm
+Gi cho mc nc trong bnh khng
vt qu mc high_level
+iu khin on/off hp l cc van vo
v ra duy tr nhit trong bnh st
vi gi tr t
End
Hnh 3.31 Chng trnh con iu khin trng thi hot ng ca h thng: Kch hot
t lu hnh 3.30
139
Begin
No
DSP bo qu ti
No
H ang trong tnh trng
qu ti
Yes
Kch timer m thi gian
trong 30 pht
No
Timer m xong
Yes
+Set bit nh th hin h ang

trong trng thi qu ti
+Ct 1 ti u tin thp nht trong s
cc ti ang c cp in ra khi
li
+Nu ch cn mi mt ti u tin
cao nht m vn cn qa ti th ct
ti ny i v ng tt c cc ti khc
vo
Yes
ng tt c cc ti vo
Nhim v :
-Phc v qu ti
-ng li cc ti sau khi
qu trnh qu ti qua
End
Hnh 3.32 Chng trnh con phn phi in nng: Kch hot t lu hnh 3.31
140
Begin
level< low_level &

van np ng
Yes
+M van np
+Set bit nh phn
bit vi trng hp
m van np h
nhit
No
Yes
Bit nh =1
+ng van np
+Reset bit nh =0
No
level>high_level
+M van x
Yes +Kch timer vi thi
gian m l T4 (l thi
gian van x c m
No
Timer m xong
Yes +ng van x

+Reset timer
No
Yes
t>=t*
Timer m xong
Yes
End
No
+M van np
+Kch timer vi thi
gian m l T5 (l thi
gian van np c m
gim nhit xung
+ng van np
+Reset timer
Nhim v:
+iu khin nhit
nc trong bnh un.
+Gi mc nc trong
bnh mc an ton
v khng b trn
Hnh 3.33 Chng trnh con iu khin b un (ti gi, dump load): Kch hot t lu
hnh 3.31
141
Begin
Khi to bin m
Count=0
+ Truyn mt k t xung
yu cu DSP gi d liu
v tnh trng ca thit b
dng lnh XMT
c ngt ca s kin
kt thc vic truyn
No
+ Thc hin lnh nhn RCV

Yes ch nhn d liu
+Khi to Timer vi thi gian
m l 5ms lm thi gian
time out cho vic ch nhn d
liu
c ngt khi timer m xong
No
Yes
No
No
nhn c v
nhn ng d liu
count:=count+1
count=5
Yes
Yes
Set bit bo vic truyn
thng khng thc hin
c
End
Hnh 3.34 Chng trnh con truyn thng gia PLC v DSP: Kch hot t lu
hnh 3.30
142
Begin
Kch timer m thi gian

trong 10 pht k t khi phanh
c kh c tc ng
(mc ch l kim tra xem h thng
c dng hn c khng)
No
Timer m xong
Yes
Tc my pht=0
Yes
Pht tn hiu ra panel
l turbine dng hn
DSP bo l dung lng

cqui < mc d tr
No
No
Pht tn hiu ra panel

l phanh hm c kh b
hng
Yes
Ct S3, S4 ra dnh
in nng nui h
thng iu khin
End
Mc ch :
+Kim tra li h thng phanh a
ra cnh bo
+Kim tra dung lng cqui, nu
dung lng b hn hoc bng mc d
tr th dng cung cp in cho ti
Hnh 3.35 Chng trnh con iu khin trng thi dng ca h: Kch hot t lu
hnh 3.30
143
Lu chnh (hnh 3.29)

Vic u tin trong mt vng qut l kim tra xem c yu cu trao i d liu
vi PC qua module modem hay khng. Nu c yu cu truyn thng t xa vi
PC th s thc hin chng trnh truyn thng vi PC. Trong chng trnh ny
c th l thc hin mt trong hai nhim v, l thu thp d liu qu trnh t
DSP thng qua PLC hoc Download/Upload firmware gia DSP v PC thng
qua PLC v module modem.
Khi khng c yu cu trao i d liu vi PC qua module modem th PLC s
thc hin vic iu khin vn hnh h thng. Chng trnh ny c 2 nhim v:
Th nht, thc hin vic truyn thng gia PLC v DSP. PLC v DSP giao
tip vi nhau theo ch truyn thng freeport ca PLC. Trong , PLC
l Master cn DSP ng vai tr l Slave. PLC s hi DSP yu cu d
liu, v DSP ch c gi thng tin ln mng khi c yu cu t PLC, khi
c nhn c yu cu th DSP s phi truyn d liu v tnh trng v cc
thng s ca h thng trong mt thi gian nht nh.
Th hai l iu khin vn hnh h thng ng vi cc trng thi ca h

thng theo cc s liu o c v cc s liu m DSP truyn ln mi
chu k. H thng ca chng ta c 2 trng thi l trng thi hot ng v
trng thi dng.
+
Trng thi dng l trng thi ca h thng khi turbine khng quay,
trng thi ny xy ra khi h thng hot ng khng an ton hoc
khng c hiu qu. H thng s hot ng khng c hiu qu khi tc
gi qu thp, i vi h thng Turbine ang th nghim, tc
l nh hn 2,5 m/s. Khi tc gi qu b th nng lng gi nhn c
ch b lng tn hao ma st trong cc c cu c kh v tn hao
trong cc thit b cng sut, cng sut c ch ca n khng ng k. Do
, cn phi dng h thng turbine li. H thng s hot ng khng
an ton khi tc gi qu cao, nu tc gi qu cao, chng hn nh
trong trng hp gi bo. Nu Turbine tip tc quay th trong iu
kin gi bo nh vy cc c cu c kh ca Turbine c th b gy, hng.
Do cn phi tc ng phanh hm c kh dng turbine li. Tc
cn dng turbine trong h thng ny l ln hn 16 m/s . Cc trng
hp khng an ton khc l in p mt chiu sau chnh lu Udc tng
khng kim sot c (v d: nguyn nhn c th l b in tr ti gi
b hng, s kin ny DSP s bo cho PLC bit) hoc vic truyn thng
gia PLC v DSP khng th thc hin c. Nu v mt l do no
m in p mt chiu sau chnh lu tng ln qu cao m DSP khng
iu khin ko xung c th s gy hng cc van in t cng
sut. Nu vic truyn thng gia DSP v PLC khng thc hin c th
PLC s khng bit c tnh trng ca thit b, iu ny rt nguy him
cho h thng. Do trong trng hp ny chng ta cn phi ng
phanh hm li dng Turbine. Khi h thng trng thi dng th
144
mt s ti u tin thp s b ct ra khi h thng, cc ti c mc u

tin cao vn c cp in. Lc ny ngun nng lng cung cp cho
nghch lu l hon ton t c-quy. Kho S2 s c ct ra trnh
trng hp in nng t c-quy b tiu tn trn in tr hm. m
bo in nng nui h thng iu khin trong mt thi gian di v
m bo tui th cho c-quy th ta phi d tr mt dung lng c-quy
nht nh. Khi dung lng cn li ca c-quy nh hn mc dung lng
d tr ny th ta phi dng cung cp cho cc ti (ct S3, S4) thc
hin vic d tr nng lng. Trong trng hp h trng thi dng v
s c truyn thng hoc Udc tng khng kim sot c th cn c mt
bt nh c set ln 1 (bit Unsafe_bit=1) th hin rng h thng
ang trong tnh trng nguy him, khi bit nh ny bng 1 th h ch
c a tr li trng thi hot ng khi c ngi vn hnh n nt
Start t mt t iu khin. iu ny trnh c trng hp h thng
t chuyn v trng thi hot ng khi m s c cha c khc phc.
+
Trng thi hot ng l trng thi ca h thng khi Turbine gi hot

ng an ton v c hiu qu. trng thi ny Turbine nhn nng
lng gi qua h thng my pht bin c nng thnh in nng cung
cp cho ti. V tc gi l mt i lng ngu nhin khng xc nh
c trc, do tc my pht cng l mt i lng thay i
khng bit trc. Chnh v vy, tn s v tr hiu dng ca in p sau
my pht l cc i lng thay i. Nhim v ca DSP l iu khin
bin tn v m van ca b ti gi c c in p cung cp cho
li in vi tr hiu dng v tn s mong mun l 220/380V AC v
50Hz. Khi gi tr in p Udc cao hn mc ngng th b iu khin
tch hp trong DSP s tng m van ca in tr hm nhm to
thm mmen cn in t t ln trc my pht, do gim c Udc.
Khi Udc thp th m van ca in tr hm s gim, nu m van
gim v khng ri th lc ny c-quy s phng in san bng in
p trn mch mt chiu trung gian, nhm cung cp mt in p n
nh cho b nghch lu. Trong trng hp qu ti, lc ny c-quy phi
phng in h tr in p trn mch mt chiu trung gian. DSP s
kim sot qu trnh ny, khi dung lng c-quy xung n mt mc d
tr nht nh th lc ny h thng bt buc phi ct bt ti ra. Khi c
s kin ny th DSP s bo cho PLC bit qua ng truyn thng. Vic
ct ti no v ct nh th no l do PLC quyt nh. ng thi PLC
cng m nhim cng vic ng li cc ti b ct tr li li khi m
qu trnh qu ti qua i. Trong trng thi hot ng, PLC cng phi
iu khin nhit trong b v duy tr mt mc nc trong b un
mc an ton cho in tr ti gi v khng nc trn ra ngoi. Qu
trnh iu khin ny da trn 3 sensor, l 2 sensor bo y dng
triger Low_level, v High_level (tn hiu truyn v PLC di dng logic)
v mt sensor o nhit nc, tn hiu ny truyn v PLC di dng
145
tn hiu ngun p 0-10 V. Ngun nhit lng truyn vo b un t in

tr ti gi l khng bit trc v do DSP quyt nh. PLC iu khin
nhit nc trong bnh bng cch iu khin lng nc qua van
np. Do yu cu chi ph thp v i hi nhit nc khng cn qu
chnh xc nn cc van np v x ca bnh ch l cc van ng ct
on/off. Nhit s c iu khin bng vic iu khin on/off van
np. Thi gian m van cng ngn th cht lng iu khin cng tt
nhng i hi van np ng ct thng xuyn hn. Van np s c
m ra khi m mc nc trong bnh cao hn mc High_level x bt
nc ra khi bnh, trnh vic iu khin van np s lm trn nc ra
khi ming bnh.
Di y l phn gii thch c th cho tng lu iu khin:
Lu chng trnh vn hnh h thng (hnh 3.30)
Trong mi vng qut th trc tin PLC s vo chng trnh truyn thng vi
DSP thc hin trao i d liu vi DSP. V sau PLC s kim tra cc tc
ng t mt t iu khin nhn tn hiu iu khin bng tay.
Sau PLC s iu khin vic chuyn trng thi cho h thng. Tr trng
hp c s c truyn thng v Udc tng khng kim sot c, vic iu khin
chuyn trng thi cho h thng l da vo tc gi. Di tc gi hot ng
l 2,5m/s 16m/s, trnh hin tng gi git v gi qun th iu kin chuyn
trng thi l gi phi n nh trong thi gian T=30s. C th trn lu th nh
sau:
Chuyn sang trng thi hot ng: Khi h ang trng thi dng v tc
gi tho mn vmin < vwind <vmax trong thi gian T=30s v h khng
trong tnh trng nguy him th PLC s chuyn h sang trng thi hot
ng. chuyn trng thi sang trng thi hot ng th PLC phi m
phanh hm c kh ra cho php my pht quay, cung cp in cho li.
Set bit c trng cho trng thi hot ng v Reset bit c trng cho
trng thi ngh. ng S3, S4 v tt c cc ti vo li v ng S2 cung
cp in trc tip t chnh lu cho nghch lu.
Chuyn sang trng thi dng : Khi h thng ang trong trng thi hot
ng v tc gi nm ngoi di tc gi hot ng hoc trong iu
kin gi trong di tc gi hot ng m c s c truyn thng, Udc tng
ln khng kim sot c th PLC phi chuyn h sang trng thi dng.
Ring trong trng hp th 2 th mt bt nh c set ln 1 c trng
cho tnh trng nguy him ca h thng. Khi chuyn t trng thi hot
ng sang trng thi dng PLC phi thc hin cc thao tc sau: ng
phanh hm, set bit nh c trng trng thi dng ca h thng, reset bit
nh c trng trng thi hot ng, ct ht nhng ti u tin thp ra khi
li, cp nht trng thi ra panel, ct S2 trnh in nng t c-quy b
tiu tn trn in tr ti gi. Cng vic cui cng l Reset tt c cc van
ca b un dng vic iu khin bnh.
146
ng vi mi trng thi ca h thng th PLC s thc hin cc chng trnh

iu khin tng ng. Khi trng thi hot ng th PLC s iu khin phn
phi ph ti v iu khin bnh un nc. Khi trng thi dng th PLC kim
tra hiu lc ca phanh hm c kh c cnh bo cn thit khi c hng hc,
kim tra dung lng c qui d tr mt mc in nng nht nh phc v
cho mc ch nui lu di h thng iu khin.
Lu chng trnh iu khin hot ng (hnh 3.31)
Qu trnh iu khin khi h thng ang trong trng thi hot ng: Vic h
thng ang trong trng thi hot ng c c trng bng mt bt nh. Khi
h thng ang trong trng thi hot ng th PLC s iu khin qu trnh
phn phi ph ti v iu khin bnh un nc. Lu c th cho mi nhim
v iu khin ny s c ni r sau.
Lu chng trnh iu khin trng thi dng (hnh 3.35)
Trng thi dng cng c c trng bng mt bit nh trng thi. Sau khi
vo trng thi ngh c 10 pht th PLC s kim tra tc my pht bit
c turbine dng hn hay cha. Nu turbine cha dng hn th pht tn
hiu( bt sng mt n bo hiu) ngi vn hnh khc phc sa cha.
Trong sut thi gian h thng trong trng thi dng cn phi kim tra dung
lng cqui. Vic ny do DSP thc hin v khi dung lng bnh xung n mc
d tr th DSP s bo cho PLC bit c s kin ny qua ng truyn thng.
PLC s ct tt c cc ti ra khi li bng cch ct S3, S4.
Lu chng trnh truyn thong PLC vi DSP (hnh 3.34)
Phng thc truyn thng gia PLC v DSP l hi p tun t, trong PLC
ng vai tr trm ch. Mi khi cn trao i d liu PLC gi mt bn tin xung
cho DSP yu cu d liu. Sau , PLC ch nhn d liu trong khong thi
gian ti a l 5ms. Sau khong thi gian ny PLC s kim tra xem nhn
c d liu cha v d liu c b li khng. Nu PLC cha nhn c chnh
xc d liu th n s phi gi li bn tin yu cu. S ln lp li ti a l 5 ln.
Nu sau 5 ln yu cu m cha nhn c d liu t DSP th set bit c trng
cho tnh trng s c truyn thng a h thng v trng thi dng.
Lu chng trnh phn phi in nng (hnh 3.32)
Khi h thng vo tnh trng qu ti th bng vic tnh ton cc thng s o
c DSP s bit c iu ny. V DSP s bo cho PLC bit qua ng truyn
thng. Lc ny PLC s set mt bit nh lu li trng thi ny ng thi ct ti
u tin thp nht trong s cc ti ang c cp in ra khi li. Mc ch
ca vic ny l gim bt ti. Nu qu ti vn xy ra th tip tc ct thm mt ti
c mc u tin cao hn, nu cn qu ti th ta cn ct ti. Nu ch cn mt ti
m vn cn qu ti th chc chn rng qu ti l do ti nay gy ra m khng
phi do cc ti khc (l ti c mc u tin cao nht). Lc ny ta phi ct ti ny
ra v ng cc ti khc vo.
147
Vn t ra l khi ht qu ti th ng li cc ti nh th no. Nu c
ht qu ti ta li ng ti vo th c th xy ra tnh trng bp bnh. l, khi
ct ti ra th h thng s ht qu ti tc th, nhng ng li ti ngay th li b
qu ti. Do , bin php gii quyt vn ny l nu sau 30 pht m qu ti
khng xy ra na th ng tt c cc ti b ct vo li.
Lu chng trnh iu khin b un (hnh 3.33)
u tin l m bo mc nc an ton cho in tr hm. Khi mc nc thp
hn mc an ton th cn m van np ra cung cp nc vo bnh.
Khi nhit nc ln hn nhit t t>t* th cng cn cp thm nc vo
bnh h nhit nc trong bnh xung. Lng nc y khng c qu
ln do thi gian m van ch rt ngn h nhit nc xung mt t.
Vic tnh ton thi gian ny ph thuc vo cu to ca bnh, van v cao ca
bnh nc cung cp. Nh vy y c hai trng hp m van np khc nhau,
do trong trng hp th nht cn set mt bit nh phn bit vi trng
hp m van th nht, l trng hp m van v mc nc thp hn low_level.
Phi ni thm rng cht lng iu khin theo phng php ny s l khng
cao nh cc b iu khin PID kinh in nhng n li p ng c vn gi
thnh thit b ca cc van np v van x m vic iu khin nhit cng
khng i hi cht lng cao v vic ung nc nng ch l s dng ngun nng
lng tha v c dng phc v sinh hot.
3.1.3.3
Truyn thng gia PC ( xa), PLC S7-200 v DSP F2812
Vic truyn thng gia PC, PLC v DSP cn thit cho 3 ch vn hnh sau:
+
Ch boot: Khi xy ra li ca h thng PCSG, ch ny cho php

PLC ti phn mm (firmware) mi t PC (v d: t H Ni) qua ng
in thoi ti b nh Flash ca DSP, thay th phn mm c c li.
Tnh nng ny cng s c s dng khi pht sinh nhu cu nng cp
phin bn phn mm vn hnh cho DSP.
Ch gim st - chn on li: Chng trnh chy ca DSP c mt

module vi chc nng lin tc qut v ct gi trong RAM tt c cc
gi tr o c ca ton h (s liu lu gi c khi qut tn s
50Hz l 30 chu k). Vic qut ny thc hin theo nguyn l FIFO (first
in first out). Nu xut hin li h thng, thao tc qut s ngng li v
cc s liu ca h thng khi c li s c lu gi cho n khi PC xa
(v d: H Ni) truy cp PLC qua ng in thoi, yu cu PLC
chuyn ton b mng s liu ti PC. Mng s liu l c s c
th chn on t xa, trc khi a ra cc quyt nh khc phc li.
Ch iu khin: y l ch truyn thng, ch yu xy ra gia

PLC v DSP. PC ch tham gia khi c nhu cu gim st vn hnh, v h
thng PCSG c thit k v ch to ph hp vi ch vn hnh
c lp (khng cn s can thip t bn ngoi) mc cao.
148
Cc ch truyn thng ni trn gi mt vai tr rt quan trng, cho php

nng cao tin cy khi vn hnh h thng PCSG, gim chi ph nng cp phn
mm iu khin, gim chi ph sa cha khi c s c, c bit khi thit b c
lp t nhng vng su xa, hay hi o.
t)
Truyn thng gia PC, PLC v DSP trong ch Boot, ch chn on li, ch
iu khin v bin bn truyn thng (Protocol)
Do c th ring v khi lng ln, cc ni dung ny s c trnh by k

trong chng 7.
3.1.4 Module nghch lu s dng van in t cng sut (sn phm s 9)
Nng lng ly c t sc gi s c cung cp cho ngi tiu dng di 2
dng chnh:
Ngun in p mt chiu (gi tt: DC) tch ly trong c-quy, cho php s
dng mt cch linh hot cc loi thit b bin i 1 pha c bn rt sn
trn th trng. Ni dung lu in trong c-quy s c trnh by ring
trong chng 4.
Ngun in p xoay chiu (gi tt: AC) ba pha, to iu kin ngi tiu
dng c th s dng cc ti ba pha, v d: ng c 3 pha. Thit b to
ngun AC 3 pha chnh l nghch lu s dng van bn dn cng sut ln,
c gii thiu khi qut ti mc 3.1.4 ny. S chi tit l sn phm
ng k ca ti KC.06.20CN nn s c gii thiu ring trong chng
10.
3.1.4.1
Khi qut v thit b nghch lu
Thit b nghch lu s dng trong ti KC.06.20CN c thit k v

chy th nghim di hn theo 2 phng n:
u) Phng n nghch lu 3 pha kinh in
Gip php nghch lu 3 pha kinh in c minh ha hnh 3.36. in p
xoay chiu 3 pha c to nn bng phng php iu ch vector in p
(Voltage Vector Modulation) c gii thiu rt k trong cc ti liu [5, 6],
thm ch cn c y cc v d minh ha cho vic thc hin k thut bng vi
iu khin. V vy ni dung iu ch s khng c nhc li trong bo co ny.
C th im qua vi u v nhc im ca gii php ny nh sau:
u im: D thc hin, tit kim van IGBT (6 chic). D thc hin b h
s cng sut cos (chng 8).
149
Nhc im: Rt d tri dt trung tnh (im M trong hnh 3.36) khi ph
ti khng i xng. Kh tn dng c cng sut ti a v module ti a
ca vector in p t ln pha s cp ca bin th ch l 2UDC/3.
Hnh 3.36 Gii php nghch lu 3 pha kinh in: in p 3 pha c to nn bng
phng php iu ch vector (xem cc ti liu [5, 6])
Do nhc im nu trn, ti tip tc th nghim vi phng n ghp 3

nghch lu 1 pha di y.
v) Phng n nghch lu 3 pha ghp t 3 nghch lu 1 pha
Trc khi gii thiu c th v phng php iu khin nghch lu, c th
khng nh ngay rng: Phng n mi thc s cho php lun bo m tnh
cn i gia 3 pha m khng ph thuc vo ti. Hn th na nh phn trnh
by di y s ch r hn gii php ny cn cho php tn dng ti a cng
sut ca ngun DC v module ca vector in p lc ny chnh bng UDC.
Hnh 3.37 Gii php ghp 3 nghch lu 1 pha: in p 3 pha c to nn bng

cch ghp 3 in p lch pha nhau 120o
150
Then cht trong k thut iu khin (K) nghch lu 3 pha theo phng n
hnh 3.37 l kh nng K iu ch tng cu nghch lu n (1 pha) to nn
in p hnh sin t ln cun s cp ca bin p. Bin p 3 pha thc cht c
th coi l 3 bin p 1 pha, vi 3 cun s cp c nui bi 3 in p hnh sin
lch pha nhau 120o. V l do y, ti y ta ch quan tm ti k thut iu ch
cho 1 nghch lu n.
Theo Mohan (ti liu [7]), c 2 phng php iu ch b rng xung (Pulse
Width Modulation) to in p hnh sin (cn gi l k thut bin i DC
AC) cho cu nghch lu 1 pha:
Phng php iu ch hai cc (Bipolar Voltage Switching): Hai cp van

V1/V4 v V2/V3 c K bi 2 tn hiu c trng thi lgic ph nh nhau.
Cch K ny dn n: Trong mi chu k ca in p cn to, ph ti (
y l cun s cp ca bin th) lun nhn in p ngc du UDC hoc
UDC (do c tn hai cc). Nu thc hin bng k thut Analog, c th to
hai tn hiu lgic bng cc so snh tn hiu iu khin uc vi chui xung
rng ca u nh hnh 3.38.
Hnh 3.38 Phng php iu ch hai cc: S cp bin p lun nhn UDC hoc - UDC
Sng c bn ca in p iu ch uTrafo c bin nm trong phm v 0UDC,

cho php tn dng tt di bin in p do my pht cung cp, vn c gi tr
nh khi gi yu.
Phng php iu ch n cc (Unipolar Voltage Switching): Nu phng

php hai cc ch dng 1 tn hiu iu khin uc (hnh 3.38) K hai cp
151
van V1/V4 v V2/V3, th phng php n cc li dng 2 tn hiu ngc du

nhau uc v uc (hnh 3.39) ch K cp van pha trn V1/V2. Cn hai van
pha di c K hon ton ph thuc 2 van : V3 nhn trng thi
lgic ph nh ca V1, cn V4 nhn trng thi lgic ph nh ca V2. D
dng nhn thy: Trong phm vi na chu k ca in p cn to, ph ti
( y l cun s cp ca bin th) ch nhn in p mt du (do c
tn n cc). V d: Xt na chu k dng hnh 3.39 ta s thy, cun
dy bin p nhn in p UDC (V1 dn, V2 khng dn V4 dn) hoc 0 (V1
v V2 cng dn 2 cc cun dy s cp bin p cng ni vi th nng +).
Hnh 3.39 Phng php iu ch n cc: Ty theo na chu k, s cp bin p ch

nhn 1 trong 2 gi tr UDC hoc 0
152
Tng t k thut hai cc, sng c bn ca in p iu ch uTrafo cng c

bin nm trong phm v 0UDC, cho php tn dng tt di bin in p
do my pht cung cp, vn c gi tr nh khi gi yu.
Hai phng php iu ch PWM ni trn ch yu c thc hin bng linh
kin Analog. hiu r hn bn cht, ng thi to iu kin thc hin thun
li bng k thut Digital (s dng F2812), ti KC.06.20CN a ra cch
nhn thc vn di dng vector v xut hai phng php iu ch vector
in p 1 pha di y.
Phng php iu ch vector in p hai cc (Bipolar Vector

Modulation): Phng php ny c xut pht im l phng php iu
ch hai cc trong ti liu [7]. Ta hy theo di hnh 3.40 di y.
Hnh 3.40 Phng php iu ch vector in p hai cc: Bipolar Vector Modulation
tin theo di, trong hnh 3.40 ta thay cc van bn dn bi cc tip

im c (hnh 3.40a). D dng thy rng: Trong mt chu k xung Tpulse, bng
cch m lun phin hai cp van ta t ln cun dy s cp (hnh 3.40c,d)
mt trong 2 gi tr in p +UDC (trong khong thi gian T+) hoc UDC (trong
khong thi gian T).
Vic ch c kh nng t ln cun dy 2 in p ngc du nhau cng ging
nh vic ta ch c kh nng s dng 2 vector in p tri chiu nhau u+ v u
nh hnh 3.41 th hin.
153
Hnh 3.41 iu ch in p ch bng 2 vector u+ v u
Ta nh ngha mt h ta c nh c trc thc trng vi chiu ca in

p t ln cun dy bin th. Trn h ta mi, ta d dng thy rng in p
t ln bin th chnh l hnh chiu uT ca mt vector in p uT (quay trn
quanh gc ta vi vn tc gc = 2f) xung trc . Nu coi uT l module
ca mt vector uT (c chiu nh trong hnh 3.40) l vector c thc hin bi
trng thi lgic ca u+ trong khong thi gian rt ngn tng ng. Trong
khong thi gian cn li ta thc hin vector in p c gi tr module bng 0:
u u T u+ u T
u u T u + u T
= u T + +
(3.1)
u T = u T + +

2
2
2
2
=0
T+
u+
TPulse
T
u
TPulse
Hnh 3.41 v cng thc (3.1) ch ra rt r rng: Ta quy vic thc hin uT
v vic thc hin 2 vector u+ ( suy gim vi h s T+/TPulse) v u- ( suy gim
vi h s T-/TPulse). Vn tn ti ch cn l: Tnh gi tr ca 2 khong thi gian
T+ v T- ph thuc vo uT = u T .
Tuy nhin, hnh 3.41 ch minh ha vic thc hin vector uT vi module ti
a. Thc t ta phi s dng quan h (3.1) thc hin mt vector uT c module
bt k nh hnh 3.42. Ch bng cc php tnh hnh hc lng gic ph thng
ta d dng tnh c:
u cos
T
u cos
T
T+ = T
+ 1 Pulse = T
+ 1 Pulse
U DC
(3.2)
u+
2
2
T = TPulse T+
154
Hnh 3.42 Biu vector ca k thut hai cc: iu ch in p c module bt k

ch bng 2 vector u+ v u
Cng thc (3.2) c s dng tnh thi gian ng ngt van T+ v T- ca

gc Q1 (hnh 3.42). Bng cch dn dt tng t, ta c th d dng chng
minh c rng cng thc (3.2) cng ng cho tt c ba gc cn li Q2, Q3
v Q4.
Hnh 3.43 Nghch lu n c th to c 4 trng thi lgic, ng vi 4 vector in p

chun: u1 (lgic 10: hnh a)), u2 (lgic 01: hnh b) v u0, u3 (lgic 00, 11) l
hai vector c module bng 0 (hnh c,d)
155
Phng php iu ch vector in p n cc (Unipolar Vector

Modulation): Nu nh ngha trng thi ca hai im A, B (hai cc ca
cun dy s cp bin th) l 1 khi chng c ni vi th nng dng, l
0 khi chng c ni vi th nng m ca mch DC. Khi y, mt nghch
lu n vi 2 nhnh van c th to c 22=4 trng thi lgic vi cc
dng s mch minh ha hnh 3.43.
Khc vi phng php hai cc lun phin s dng 2 in p khc du trong

cng mt na chu k (hnh 3.40b), phng php n cc ch s dng in p
dng (lgic 10) v in p 0 (lgic 11) cho na chu k dng, cng nh in
p m (lgic 01) v in p 0 (lgic 00) cho na chu k m (hnh 3.44).
Hnh 3.44 Khc vi phng php iu ch vector hai cc, phng php n cc s
dng c 2 trng thi lgic 00 v 11
C th nhn thy r hn cch chuyn mch cc van qua hnh nh phng to

hnh 3.45.
Hnh 3.45 C 2 trng thi lgic 00 v 11 u tham gia vo iu ch 2 na chu k
Cc trng thi lgic hnh 3.43 ng vi cc vector in p chun u1 (trng

thi 10), u2 (trng thi 01) v u0,3 (trng thi 00, 11) biu din hnh 3.46. Gi
thi gian duy tr ca vector u1 l T1, ca u2 l T2, v ca u0,3 l T0,3, Qua biu
vector hnh 3.46 ta c cng thc tnh cho hai gc Q1 v Q4:
156
u T cos
T = u T cos T
TPulse
1
Pulse =
u1
U DC
(3.3)
Quadrant Q1, Q4:
T3 = TPulse T1
Cng thc (3.3) c hiu lc i vi na chu k dng. i vi na chu k
m, tc l i vi 2 gc Q2, Q3 ta s dng cc cng thc tnh sau y:
u T cos
T = u T cos T
=
TPulse
2
Pulse
u1
U DC
(3.4)
Quadrant Q2, Q3:
T0 = TPulse T1
Ti 2 gc Q2, Q3, gi tr cos mang du m. Do trong cng thc (3.4)
xut hin du tr.
Hnh 3.46 Biu vector ca k thut iu ch vector n cc: Nghch lu n s

dng c 2 vector c module bng 0 l u0, u3 (lgic 00, 11)
C hai phng php K nghch lu va trnh by u c th nghim

trn thit b KC.06.20CN. C mt s im khc bit gia hai phng php cn
c nu ln:
Do tn dng c 2 vector chun c module bng 0 l u0,3, bin hi

bc cao ca phng php iu ch n cc b hn so vi phng php
hai cc. y l li th cn c trit tn dng gim bt kch c,
gim gi thnh cng nh gim pht nhit ca khng lc in p ra.
So vi phng php hai cc, phng php n cc cn gp i (hnh

3.47) s tn hiu PWM. iu ny rt c ngha khi chn Microcontroller.
157
Hnh 3.47 Tn hiuK van nghch lu: a) theo phng php iu ch hai cc, v b)
theo phng php iu ch n cc
D dng thy rng: Do vic K i hi 2 van thuc ng cho cu nghch

lu phi c m ging nhau, nhng bo m tnh ph nh gia hai cp van
V1/V4 v V2/V3, ta ch cn mt tn hiu iu ch duy nht (hnh 3.47a) khi dng
phng php hai cc. Khi s dng phng php n cc, ta li khng cn K
ph nh gia hai cp van V1/V4 v V2/V3, v hai van trn V1 v V2, hoc hai van
di V3 v V4, c th ng thi dn dng. Nhng do trng thi dn gia van
trn/di ca cng mt nhnh cu nghch lu phi ph nh ln nhau, ta cn
hai tn hiu iu ch nh hnh 3.47b.
Phng php iu ch vector in p cho php thc hin iu chnh (C) n
nh in p ra mt cch d dng (hnh 3.48).
Hnh 3.48 iu chnh n nh in p ra: a) Cu trc vng C; b) Cu trc b C s

(Digital Controller); m*: H s iu ch cn thc hin, mr: H s iu ch
thc
158
kim chng tnh ng n ca gii php ghp 3 nghch lu 1 pha (hnh

3.37), ca phng php iu ch vector n cc (hnh 3.46) v ca cu trc
iu chnh in p (hnh 3.48b), ti s dng cng c MATLAB &
Simulink kt hp vi PLECS (ca Cty Plexim, Thy S) m phng (hnh
3.49).
a)
b)
159
c)
Hnh 3.49 M phng thit b bin i DC-AC to in p xoay chiu 3 pha: a)

Nghch lu 3 pha s dng PLECS; b) Cu trc iu chnh bin , v c) iu
ch vector in p ra dng Simulink
3.1.4.2
Thit k - ch to nghch lu cho thit b pht in chy sc gi
Hnh 3.50 Bin tn do PTN T ng ha thit k ch to di dng cc module
Nghch lu s dng trong h thng PCSG ca ti KC.06.20CN vn c

xut pht im l loi nghch lu 3 pha (c 3 nhnh van IGBT), thit b c
nhm ti ca PTN T ng ha thit k v lp rp vo mc ch K ng c
xoay chiu 3 pha vi cng sut >10kW. c th s dng mt cch linh hot,
ton b thit b c ch to thnh 3 loi module (hnh 3.50): module chnh
lu (CL), module nghch lu (NL) v module iu khin (K). c th to h
thng in p ra bao gm c 1 v 3 pha theo phng n hnh 3.37, nhm
ti s dng 2 module NL (6 nhnh IGBT) ca thit b k trn. Phn NL
c s khi nh hnh 3.51. C th tm tt cc s liu thit k ch to ca
module NL (hnh 3.51) trong bng di y.
160
Bng 3.13 Cc tham s in ca module nghch lu
Tn tham s
iu khin
in p DC u vo
Danh nh
Ti a (<2 pht)
Di in p phn K v tn hiu li
T DC (cha k lp thm bn ngoi)
ng mch: Sn sng s dng sau
in p u ra
Tn s u ra
Cng sut biu kin
Cng sut ti a
Dng danh nh (hiu dng) u ra
Dng ti a (hiu dng) u ra
Tn s bm xung p (tn s iu ch)
Tn hao ch danh nh
Gi tr
Gic cm ch sn dnh cho hp K
0685 VDC
540 VDC
760 VDC
+24 VDC -10% +20%
500F
10s
3 (0 0,74 UDC) VAC
0 300Hz
26kVA
23kW
37A
55A
3 8kHz
450W
Hnh 3.51 Module nghch lu do PTN T ng ha thit k ch to, v c s dng

trong h thng PCSG ca ti KC.06.20CN
161
Module NL c ni vi module CL (hnh 3.52) thng qua t in C. Module

CL do PTN T ng ha thit k bao gm CL chnh v CL ph vi cc c im
sau:
Khi ng ngun nng lng (dng Automat) t my pht vo mch DC

trung gian, bao gi CL ph cng c ng mch trc CL chnh v c
nhim v np y t C vi dng np hn ch bi in tr R. Ch sau khi C
y, CL chnh mi c ng mch. Cch lm ny nhm bo v t C
mi khi ta ng ngun nng lng lc t ang cn vi. Trnh t ng ngt
gia 2 module s do 2 khi ng t S1, S2 (K bi PLC loi S7-200)quyt
nh.
Theo thit k, bo m cht lng in p DC khi tn s u vo l

50Hz, ta s cn t C = 1000F ( tnh ti 500F c sn u vo ca
module NL, xem bng 3.13). Tuy nhin, do c bin ln tn s ca in
p my pht u ph thuc vo tc gi (f = 050Hz), gi tr trn l
cha . Thc nghim cho cc kt qu tt khi chn C = 3000F.
Hnh 3.52 Module CL bao gm chnh lu chnh v chnh lu ph, vi nhim v chn
shock dng cho t in 3000F
162
Mt khu quan trng c ngha quyt nh ti khng ch cht lng in p

ra, m cn ti c kh nng gim pht nhit ca bin th xut: l b lc u
ra (hnh 3.53) vi 2 phn t Lf v Cf. y cng l mt trong nhng khu kh
thc hin ca ti, do thiu kh nng ch to cun cm c gi tr chnh xc
nh thit k i hi ti Vit Nam. iu ny khin cho nhm thc hin ti
phi mt kh nhiu cng sc th nghim.
Mc d chn c s liu c th cho cc phn t ca b lc u ra, kinh
nghim ca KC.06.20CN cho thy: Trong cc thit b thuc th h tip theo cn
phi tm cch:
Lm ch cng ngh ch to Lf
S dng bin th (Trafo) ch vi vai tr cch ly th nng, khng nn dng

vi vai tr tng p, gim in p st gim trn khng lc v trn bin
th khi nng ti.
Hnh 3.53 B lc u ra c ngha quyt nh ti cht lng in v kh nng pht

nhit ca bin p
3.2 Trm (nh) che an ton kh hu cho cc thit b

Ni dung Trm iu khin mt t cn bao gm c phn xy dng nh K
vi 3 hng mc: bung iu khin, bung thit b v b nc (ni x nng lng
tha). Bung iu khin l ni lm vic, ni t my tnh ca cn b k thut.
Bung thit b l ni lp t t iu khin, dn c-quy v bin th ra. Bung
thit b cn c lp t cng-t ( m cng sut tiu th do h thng
PCSG cung cp) v iu ha nhit (do in sc gi t nui) phc v mc
ch lm mt. Nh K l ni dung c n v ti tr ti KC.06.20CN
Cty SIC xy dng v hon thin, khng h s dng ti ti chnh do nh nc
cp cho ti.
163
Hnh 3.55 gii thiu mt bng ca trm iu khin. C th thy r v tr ca

b nc pha sau trm. Hnh 3.56 th hin tng th trm iu khin, cn bn
v b nc c gii thiu trong hnh 3.54 di y.
Hnh 3.54 B nc x nng lng tha: Ni mc cc in tr Dump Load
Hnh 3.55 Trm iu khin mt t: Bn v mt bng
164
Hnh 3.56 Trm iu khin mt t: Bn v tng th
Mt s hnh nh trang tip theo gii thiu Trm iu khin trong phi
cnh vi h thng pht in chy sc gi ca ti KC.06.20CN. Cc bn v
chnh xc phc v cho qu trnh xy dng c trnh by trong phn ph lc
ca bo co ny.
Hnh 3.57 Trm iu khin mt t
165
Hnh 3.58 Trm iu khin mt t v h thng pht in chy sc gi ca ti

KC.0c.20CN
Mt ni dung khng km phn quan trng khc, l vic bo v chng st

cho trm iu khin v ct thp ca h thng PCSG (hnh 3.59).
166
Hnh 3.59 S tip a bo v h thng PCSG: a) S tng th; b) S ca

hp ct st c cu ch ct v varistor
H thng bo v chng st c cc c im chnh nh sau:
Dn 9 cc tip a cho h thng ct thp PCSG. Trong cc chnh

(nm gia su 7m) v 8 cc cn li su 5m. Ti tng cc u ha cht
tip a khi chn cc.
Dn 5 cc tip a cho trm iu khin vi 5 cc u chn su 5m. Ti

tng cc u ha cht tip a khi chn cc.
ng dy dn in t my pht chy qua hp ct st 3 pha (hnh 3.58b)

trc khi ti trm iu khin.
H thng 4 kim thu st nm cao 24,5m di nh ct bao gm 3 kim

th ng bng ng v 1 kim ch ng. Cc kim thu st c ni vi dn
cc tip a ca ct bng dy ng dn st M7.

[1]
ti KC.06.20CN: Cc bo co NC-TK h thng iu khin, h thng

in, Hardware v Software ca h thng pht in sc gi. i hc Bch
Khoa H Ni, 2005
167
[2]
Nguyn Hong, Trnh Vn Hun: Nghin cu, thit k cu trc iu khin

h thng pht in chy sc gi c cng sut di 10-30kW (thuc ti
KC.06.20CN). n tt nghip K45, khoa in, HBK H Ni, 2005
[3]
Trng Xun Hng: Nghin cu phng php n nh in p ra ca trm

pht in chy sc gi thuc ti KC.06.20CN. Lun vn Cao hc, HBK
H Ni, 2005
[4]
Phm Trung Kin: Nghin cu, xut v thc hin cc phng php iu
khin gim st chn on thc trng vn hnh t xa cho trm pht
in chy sc gi thuc ti KC.06.20CN. Lun vn Cao hc, HBK H
Ni, 2006
[5]
Nguyen Phung Quang, Andreas Dittrich: Praxis der feldorientierten

Drehstromantriebsregelungen. Expert Verlag, 1999
[6]
Nguyn Phng Quang, Andreas Dittrich: Truyn ng in thng minh.

NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 2003
[7]
Mohan, Ned; Undeland, Tore; Robbin, William: Power Electronics:

Converters, Applications and Design. 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
1995
[8]
Rashid, Muhammad: Power Electronics Handbook. Academic Press, 2001
[9]
Texas Instruments: TMS320F2810, TMS320F2812 Digital Signal

Processors - Data Manual. SPRS1741, April 2001, revised July 2003
[10] Texas Instruments: TMS320C28x CPU and Instruction Set - Reference

Guide. SPRU430B, August 2001, revised May 2002
[11] Siemens AG: Simatic S7-200 Users Manual
4 Sn phm 4: H thng lu in
H thng lu in l sn phm th 4 trong danh sch (thuyt minh ti,

bng 17: dng kt qu I) ng k. Tuy nhin, bng 16 (dng kt qu II, III)
cn c sn phm 1.3 Phng php iu khin h thng lu in kt hp vi
ph ti l dng sn phm tr tu, lin quan cht ch vi h thng lu in. V
vy, chng 4 s kt hp m t ng thi c hai kt qu ny.
4.1 Khi qut v h thng lu in

H thng lu in gi mt vai tr v cng quan trng i vi h thng
PCSG hot ng ch c o (hot ng c lp, vit tt: PCSG-L).
Khc vi cc h PCSG ha vi li in quc gia, l nhng h ch cn pht
in theo nng lc (theo kh nng tc thi ca gi ti ni t), c li in
gi vai tr n nh ngun nng lng cp cho ngi tiu dng. H thng
PCSG-L lun phi chng li tc ng thng ging ca ngun gi u vo, v
bin php hu hiu duy nht l s dng mt h thng lu in, cu to bi 2
thnh phn:
dn c-quy vi vai tr lu tr nng lng, v
thit b np - x nng lng ty theo thc trng vn hnh ca ton h.
Do dn c-quy phi tha mn cc i hi nh tui th cao, t phi bo

dng, ti ch chn s dng c-quy kh (ch vo nhm c-quy khng cn s
dng n v khng cn b sung nc ct trong qu trnh vn hnh). Trong thc
t ta c th gp cc loi c-quy sau y:
c-quy ch-axt (Lead-Acid): L loi kinh t nht dung trong cc ng dng

cng sut ln v khi lng khng c ngha ln (xe c, tu thuyn, xe
ln, chiu sng an ton, cc h UPS), mt nng lng thp (energy
density: 30-50 Wh/kg), gi thnh h, in p mi ngn (cell voltage) 2V,
khi np thng dng phng php iu khin p, t khi dng iu khin
dng.
c-quy ch-axt v gn kn (Sealed Lead Acid: SLA, Gelcell): L loi cquy khng cn bo dng c cc in cc ngn bi axt m, v gn kn, s
dng trong cc loi xe di ng, thi gian np c trng nm trong khong
8-16 gi, lun c ct gi trng thi np y, 200-300 chu k x/np.
c-quy Nickel Cadmium (NiCd): L loi c cng ngh chn mui nht v
hay c dng trong cc ng dng thng xuyn x/np (radios, video
cameras), l loi mang tnh tiu chun v hay c dng so snh vi
170
cc loi khc, mt nng lng khng cao (45-80 Wh/kg), in p mi

ngn (cell voltage) 1.25V, chu k x/np 1000-1500 ln.
c-quy Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH): C mt nng lng ln (60120Wh/kg) nhng tui th ngn hn nu so vi c-quy NiCd, khng dng
kim loi c, s dng ch yu trong in thoi di ng v my tnh xch
tay, in p mi ngn 1.25V, chu k x/np 300-500 ln.
c-quy Lithium Ion (Li-ion): Thuc loi c tc tng trng nhanh nht
v s lng s dng, c mt nng lng rt ln (110-160 Wh/kg) v
khi lng nh, i hi cng ngh rt tinh xo v c mch bo v an ton,
thng c s dng trong my tnh xch tay v mobile phones, in p
mi ngn l 3.6V, tui th chng 500-1000 ln np.
c-quy Lithium Polymer (Li-polymer): S dng in mi c dng mng

polymer kh, b dy ca mt ngn thng di 1mm, thng c in dn
nh (in tr ni ln).
c-quy Lithium Ion Polymer (Li-ion polymer): S dng in mi dng

mng polymer kh kt hp vi in mi lng, kch c cc mng, mt
nng lng ln (100-130 Wh/kg), dng trong mobile phones, in p ngn
3.6V, tui th chng 300-500 ln np. V l do thng mi nn nhiu nh
sn xut thng gi tt loi c-quy ny l Li-polymer.
c-quy Alkaline ti s dng c: Mt s c-quy alkalinen c bit ch c

kh nng np li vi ln (mt nng lng 80 Wh/kg), in p ngn
1.5V, tui th chng 50 ln x/np 50%.
H thng PCSG ca ti s dng loi c-quy ch-axt v gn kn (c-quy

kh) ca Cng ty c phn c-quy Tia sng Hi Phng (web page:
http://www.tiasangbattery.com). Cc thng s k thut ca c-quy c tp hp
trong bng di y.
Bng 4.1
Thng s k thut ca c-quy s dng trong h thng lu in
in p danh nh
Dung lng danh nh (20 gi)
Dung lng 10 gi
Dung lng 5 gi
Dung lng 1 gi
Dung lng di tc ng ca nhit
in tr ni
Dng x ti a
T x ( 20oC)
12V
100 Ah (x ti 10,8V)
93 Ah (x ti 10,5V)
85 Ah (x ti 10,2V)
60 Ah (x ti 9,6V)
o
30 C
103 %
o
25 C
100 %
o
10 C
90 %
o
-10 C
74 %
o
25 C np y
< 3,5 m
400 A
Sau 1 thng
5%
Sau 2 thng
10 %
171
Sau 3 thng
Khi lng
Hiu sut tnh theo khi lng
Hiu sut tnh theo th tch
Np theo ch
in p khng
i
Lin tc (Floating)
C chu k (Cyclic)
Lin tc (Floating)
Tui th
C chu k (Cyclic)
Kch thc
(2mm)
Di
Rng
Cao
Chiu cao tng
19 %
34,5 kg
35 WH / kg
77 WH / L
13,7 13,9 V
in p np
(25oC)
Dng x ti a
< 40 A
14,7 15,0 V
in p np
(25oC)
Dng x ti a
< 40 A
o
25 C
6 8 nm
o
35 C
3 5 nm
X 100 %
300 chu k
X 50 %
600 chu k
X 30 %
1500 chu k
332 mm
174 mm
214 mm
242 mm
Hin ti KC.06.20CN s dng 30 bnh c-quy (vi thng s k thut

bng 3.1) mc ni tip thnh 2 chui u song song, mi chui 15 bnh. Khi
np y s t ti mc 180V. Tuy nhin, cng cn lu rng: Vic s dng bao
nhiu bnh c coi l tham s ty chn dnh cho nh u t. Con s 30
bnh c t ra khng xut pht t mt tnh ton ti u no, m thun ty
c quyt nh do kh nng ti chnh hn ch ca ti KC.06.20CN.
n y, u ra ca module CL (hnh 3.52) c m rng thm h thng lu
in nh hnh 4.1. D dng thy rng: Vi 3 khi ng t S3, S4 v S5 (iu
khin bng PLC Simatic S7-200 ca Siemens) ta c th t cc ch vn
hnh mt cch n gin.
Ch ti by-pass: Ph ti c cung cp in t turbine gi, c th ng

thi np c-quy. y l ch hay gp khi gi tt v n nh.
Ch x c-quy: Ph ti c cung cp in t c-quy. y l ch

thng gp khi gi thay i lin tc. c bit, khi lp t thit b PCSG
ti cc vng khng c ngun nng lng, c th x c-quy ( c np
y sn t ni khc mang n) nui mt ng c 3 pha AC phc v
cng tc dng ct.
Ch np c-quy thun ty v khng mang ti.
Vi dn c-quy np y 180V trn, sau khi x xung ch cn 15 bnh

10,4V = 156V, h thng s t ng ct ti v c-quy ch cn nui h thng iu
khin. Cc kt qu vn hnh thc t cho thy r cc u im sau y:
172
Sau khi np y, kh nng x nh trn hon ton cung cp nng

lng nui NL, thc hin mt qu trnh h / nng h thng ct bng ng
c in 3 pha AC. y l u th c ngha c bit quan trng khi lp t
h thng PCSG ti cc vng su, vng xa hay hi o, nhng ni khng
c ngun in li.
Phn nng lng cn li nui h thng iu khin trong vng 1

thng. iu ny cng v cng quan trng, n gip cho h thng c th
vt qua c cc giai on lng gi ko di v phn iu khin vn lun
thng trc ch i kch hot h thng PCSG hot ng tr li.
Hnh 4.1 Ghp h thng lu in vo khong gia module CL v module NL (xem

thm hnh 3.52)
H thng lu in m t hnh 4.1 bao gm dn c-quy, cc phn t K ph

tr v b K np c-quy. B K np c ngha quan trng quyt nh s n
nh ca ton h v s c m t k hn trong 2 mc 4.2 v 4.3. V c bn, c
th minh ha cc ch np nh hnh 4.2.
173
Hnh 4.2 Cc ch np c-quy: a) Np vi dng khng i; b) Np vi p khng

i; c) Np dng p; d) Np dng p theo giai on
C th minh ha ngn gn v cc ch np nh sau:
Ch np vi dng khng i (hnh 4.2a): Dng np c duy tr khng

thay i trong sut qu trnh np nh mt b iu chnh (C) dng. cquy c mc ni tip khi np. C th chn ngng dng ln bo
m np nhanh nhng vn an ton v tt cho tui th ca c-quy.
Ch np vi p khng i (hnh 4.2b): in p c duy tr khng

thay i trong sut qu trnh np nh mt b iu chnh (C) in p.
c-quy c mc song song khi np. Ch c php mc song song s
bnh trnh qu dng ban u ca ngun np. Do dng np ban u
ln, c-quy y kh nhanh, nhng ng thi kh c th c np y
174
hon ton. C th np ng thi nhiu bnh c-quy vi dung lng khc

nhau.
Ch np hn hp dng p (hnh 4.2c): Phng php ny cho php kt

hp u im ca c hai phng php trn. Ban u ta np vi dng
khng i, ti khi c-quy bt u no ta s chuyn sang giai on np b
sung vi in p khng i.
Ch np hn hp dng p theo giai on (hnh 4.2d): Cn c th gi

y l ch np thng minh, i hi mt cu trc C dng p kh phc
hp vi 2 vng C dng v p. Ch np (xut pht t trng thi c-quy
hon ton rng) chia thnh cc giai on nh sau:
+
Giai on np khi ng (Trickle): Khi in p c-quy thp hn

ngng cho php UTRL (tham kho nh sn xut v gi tr ny) ta np
vi dng khi ng nh Ik nhm bo v ngn mch v thot kh cho
c-quy. B C dng c nhim v gi dng Ik khng i.
Giai on np chnh (Bulk): Trong giai on ny c-quy c np vi

dng ln nht c th Imax cho ti khi t ti ngng qu p UOC. B C
dng c nhim v gi dng Imax khng i.
Giai on np qu p (Over Charge): c thc hin bng cch duy tr

in p np khng i mc UOC = 1,1UTRL. Dng s t ng gim dn
t mc dng ca giai on np chnh xung ch cn c 1/10 mc .
Giai on np duy tr (Floate): Ch nhm duy tr dung lng np v

b dng tn tht (v d: dng d).
Do ngun in u vo ca h thng lu in c c im bin thin lin tc

c v bin ln tn s (mc 1.2.1, cng thc (1.1), thm ch bin in p
cng ph thuc tn s), khin cho ta khng th p dng c nh mt ch
np cng nhc no trong hnh 4.2. V c bn c th ni: Phng php K np
ca h thng lu in thuc ti KC.06.20CN mang tng ca hnh 4.2d,
nhng khng c giai on np duy tr (Floate). Vic thc hin k thut h thng
i hi thit k mch in (mc 4.2: tnh chn linh kin) chun xc, thit k
cu trc K phc hp (mc 4.3: cu trc K cho ch hnh 4.2d) v ci t
bng Software chy trn DSP (hnh 4.3).
S mch ca h thng lu in c gii thiu hnh 4.3, minh ha vic
ghp cc linh kin phn lc (in t cng sut) vi Hardware s dng
TMS320F2812.
Trong s hnh 4.3 ta d dng nhn thy vai tr quan trng ca van
IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, nm nhnh dc), ni tip vi c-quy
(trong hnh gi l BATTERY), iu khin dng in a t mch DC trung gian
(BUS VOLTAGE) theo nguyn l iu ch b rng xung p. Dng np c
phn hi v DSP thng qua mch o bao gm bin dng (Current Transformer)
4.2 Thit k h thng lu in
175
v khuch i thut ton, cn in p c-quy c o trc tip. S ni trn

cn cha c phn ti gi (Dump Load) khng thuc ni dung ca chng 4.
Hnh 4.3 S mch ca h thng lu in iu khin bi Digital Signal Processor

(vit tt: DSP) loi TMS320F2812 ca Texas Instruments

Mch in ca h thng lu in bao gm 2 phn chnh l dn c-quy v
mch lc s dng van IGBT iu khin qu trnh np.
4.2.1 Tnh ton dn c-quy lu in
Nh phn tch trn, dn c-quy c vai tr quan trng trong h thng lu
in. N c nhim v tch ly nng lng khi gi mnh, v cung cp nng
lng cho ph ti, cho mch iu khin khi tc gi thp hoc dng h thng
my pht. Mt mt, h thng c-quy c dung lng ln thng c gi thnh rt
t, v vy vic tnh ton dung lng ph hp vi yu cu ca ph ti l rt cn
thit. Mt khc, ti chnh ca ti l rt hn ch nn khng th thit k dung
lng dn theo nhu cu cng sut pht, m ch c th theo kh nng ti chnh.
V vy vic tnh dung lng ca dn c-quy ang s dng ch nhm cung cp
thng tin v kh nng hin ti. Ch nhim ti ch trng ng vn chn
dung lng cho nh u t sau ny.
176
Nh gii thiu trn, dn c-quy khi np y s c in p UBattery = 180V

vi dung lng dng CAh = 200Ah (mc song song). Vy dung lng cng sut
CPh s l:
CPh = CAhU Baterry = 36kWh
(4.1)
Gia dung lng cng sut CPh v cng sut s dng P ta c quan h sau y:
P TA
CPh =
(4.2)
D DT C W B
Trong :
TA
D
DT
C
Thi gian x c-quy [h]

H s phn nh gii hn x ca c-quy
H s suy gim dung lng ph thuc nhit ca c-quy
Hiu sut chuyn i nng lng ca h thng
Hiu sut ni dy
Hiu sut ca dn c-quy
Nu ta chn thi gian x TA l 1 gi. Nu chn h s x D = 0,6 (gi tr kinh

nghim ca nh sn xut) v h s DT = 1 (nhit khng nh hng). Ngoi
ra ta chn:
C = 0,9 (tm ly gi tr thp, thc t c th t cao hn ti 0,95)
W = 0,95 (tm ly gi tr thp, phn nh cht lng ghp ni km)
B = 0,8 (gi tr kinh nghim ca nh sn xut)
Thay cc gi tr chn vo cng thc (4.2) ta thu c gi tr P = 14,7kW.
Din t mt cch d hiu: Vi dn c-quy chn ta c th nui h thng ph
ti vi cng sut P = 14,7kW trong vng 1 gi. Tuy nhin, ta cn phi thn
trng vi kt lun trn: Do tin cy ca cc h s c chn cha cao nn gi
tr ch c ngha tham kho, gip ta c c nh hng ng khi thit k
dn c-quy lu in.
4.2.2 Tnh ton thit k mch lc
tnh ton thit k mch lc, ta c th v li s hnh 4.3 nh hnh 4.4
di y. Trong s , van IGBT gi vai tr chnh trong qu trnh iu
khin qu trnh np theo phng thc iu ch b rng xung p (bm p DC).
Hai phn t R v L bao gm in tr v in cm ni ca c-quy, cng nh ca
dy ni mch, in tr tip xc. Diode D2 chn khng cho c-quy x ngc tr
li ngun DC v D3 l diode t do gip x nng lng tch ly khi c dng chy
qua L. D1 l diode bo v tch hp sn trong van IGBT.
H phng trnh m t mch trn c vit cho 2 trng thi van sau:
Khi van IGBT dn in: Dng qua c-quy iB chnh l dng qua van iV.
di
(4.3)
R iV + L V = U DC EB
dt
177
Khi van IGBT dn in: Dng qua c-quy iB chnh l dng qua diode iD.
di
(4.4)
R iD + L D = EB
dt
Hnh 4.4 S mch iu khin

dng np theo nguyn l
iu ch b rng xung p
(bm p DC)
Nu xt mt chu k xung, bt u l khong thi gian van IGBT dn, tip

theo l khong van IGBT khng dn v diode D3 dn: Nghim ca 2 phng
trnh (4.3) v (4.4) l:
t
U EB
iV = DC
+ B e TLR
R
(4.5)
ttx
Vi TLR
EB
(4.6)
iD =
+ A e TLR
R
= L R . Cc h s A v B cn c xc nh t cc iu kin ban u
ca 2 khong thi gian trn cho 2 trng hp: Dng np c dng lin tc hay
gin on (hnh 4.5).
Hnh 4.5 Dng dng p ca 2 trng hp: Dng lin tc (tri) v dng gin on
(phi). Trn: Dng in p iu ch; Gia: Dng dng np; Di: in p
ri trn van IGBT
Ch : Trong hnh 4.5, tin theo di ngi bin son bo co v dng

dng di bng cc on thng. Thc cht chng c dng hm ly tha ca e.
178
Dng np c dng lin tc: Khi dng in c dng lin tc (hnh 4.5: tri)
ta d dng xc nh c hai iu kin ban u nh sau.
iV (t = 0) = iD (t = Tpulse ) v iV (t = tx ) = iD (t = tx )
T ta xc nh c dng in nh sau:
iV =
iD =
U DC EB U DC
+
e
R
R
EB U DC
+
e
R
R
tt X
TLR
t
TLR
Tpulse t X
TLR
1 e
Tpulse
TLR
t
X
TLR
1 e
1 e
(4.7)
(4.8)
Tpulse
TLR
Dng np c dng gin on: Ta xc nh c hai iu kin ban u

nh sau.
iV (t = 0) = 0 v iV (t = tx ) = iD (t = tx )
T ta xc nh c dng in nh sau:
Tpulse
(U DC EB )
iV =
1 e TLR
tx
ttx
EB U DC U DC EB TLR TLR
iD =
e
+
e
R
R
R
(4.9)
(4.10)
Dng qua diode s bng khng ti mt thi im t0 no trong khong

tx < t0 Tpulse . C th xc nh t0 t cng thc (4.10).
tx
t0 tx
EB U DC U DC EB TLR TLR
e
+
=0
iD =
e
R
R
R
TLR
U (U DC EB ) e
t0 = TLR ln DC
EB
iu kin dng tr nn gin on l: t0
(4.11)
+ tx
tx Tpulse tx hay t0 Tpulse. T
ta c th tnh c iu kin ti hn t0 = Tpulse chuyn sang ch dng

gin on. p dng iu kin ti hn vo (4.11):
Tpulse tx
EB e
TLR
= U DC (U DC EB ) e
t
x
TLR
V vy ta thu c:
tx ,th
Tpulse
LR
U DC + EB e
1
= TLR ln
U DC
(4.12)
179
Vy tx,th trn chnh l tx ti hn m t mch chuyn sang ch dng gin

on. Dng s gin on vi mi tx nh hn hoc bng gi tr xc nh bi cng
thc (4.12).
D dng thy rng khi dng c dng lin tc ta s tnh c gi tr trung bnh
ca in p do van IGBT to nn l:
U=
tx
U DC dt = U DC x = U DC
Tpulse
Tpulse
(4.13)
Vi:
tx
Thi gian m van IGBT

H s iu ch
Tpulse Chu k xung

Qua hai cng thc (4.12) v (4.13) ta c th a ra cc nhn xt sau:
Cn phi chn cc phn t mch v cu trc iu khin sao cho khng

bao gi xy ra iu kin (4.12). Ngha l dng bo m dng lin tc.
Cng thc (4.13) ch ra 2 phng php iu khin thay i in p

np c-quy:
+
Gi Tpulse = const v thay i thi gian dn tx ca van IGBT. Tn s

bm xung fpulse = 1/Tpulse khng thay i. y cng l phng php
c s dng trong h thng lu in ca ti KC.06.20CN vi tn
s bm xung fpulse = 8kHz.
Gi tx = const v thay i tn s bm xung fpulse = 1/Tpulse ca van

IGBT.
D dng thy rng biu dng
p hnh 4.5 v cc cng thc
(4.5) - (4.13) l c s tnh chn
mt cch chnh xc van IGBT, cc
diodes v cc linh kin th ng
cn li.
Hnh 4.6 Dn c-quy s dng trong

h thng pht in chy
sc gi ca ti
KC.06.20CN
180
Hnh 4.7 Board mch lc iu khin

np c-quy ca ti
KC.06.20CN
4.3 Thit k cu trc iu khin np

Di cc iu kin l tng (ngun in p UDC l ln v n nh) ta c
th s dng cu trc iu khin dng np m t hnh di y thc hin
ch np hn hp dng p theo giai on (hnh 4.2d).
Hnh 4.8 Cu trc iu khin dng np (a) s dng b iu chnh PI s (b)
181
Bn cht ca cu trc hnh 4.8a l np dng vi gi tr t ca dng thay

i ph thuc vo in p ca c-quy (hnh 4.2d). ng thi, ch c th vn
dng ch np nh hnh 4.2d khi ta thc hin np cho tng bnh ring r, m
dn c-quy 30 bnh ca KC.06.20CN li c mc thnh 2 chui u song
song. Thm vo , iu kin UDC lun ln v n nh s gn nh khng bao
gi tha mn, v ngun in hon ton ph thuc vo ngun nng lng gi:
Thng ging lin tc dn ti bin v tn s ca my pht cng thay i lin
tc. Vic tn s my pht thay i cn lm cho gi tr in khng ni (ph
thuc tn s) ca my pht cng thay i theo, gy kh khn ph cho vic bnh
n UDC. Qua phn tch v th nghim thc tin, ti phi thay i cu trc
4.8a v cu trc mi chng t tin cy cn thit.
Trc khi ni v cu trc mi ta cn bit: in p ca mt bnh c-quy cho
bng 3.1 l in p khi mang ti (c-quy x). Khi np, c-quy y trng thi
khng ti c in p t ti 13,6V mt bnh. Cu trc mi s dng chuyn
mch gia hai phng php np dng v np p. C th m t bng li nh
sau:
Lc in p c-quy xung di 12.8V (khng ti) th bt u vo ch

np dng. Ti mi thi im, in p mt chiu v nng lng cn li
trong cc bnh c-quy l khc nhau, nu np p s khin cho dng np
ca tng c-quy khc nhau. V l do y, b iu khin phi thay i in
p mt chiu sao cho dng np n nh gi tr dng t (c 25A). Trong
ch np dng in p c-quy s dng ln tng ng vi nng lng
c np vo c-quy, ng thi lun bo m trnh c qu dng np.
Gi tr t cho b iu khin PI l Set Points ca dng np v tn hiu
phn hi l gi tr o c ca dng np thc.
Khi c-quy gn y (in p c-quy s t khong gn 14V mi bnh)

ta chuyn sang ch np p. Trc khi chuyn sang ch np p
phi c mt khong thi gian ngng np khong 10s in p c-quy
hi li. Trong ch np p, in p c-quy c duy tr khng i (14V
mi bnh) v dng np s gim dn. n lc nng lng trong bnh c-quy
gn y (dng np xung b hn 2% dung lng c-quy CAh/50) th
ngng np v mch x chuyn sang ch khng ch in p mt chiu
UDC nh h thng ti gi (dump-load). Gi tr t cho b iu khin PI lc
ny l in p mt chiu v tn hiu phn hi l gi tr o ca in p cquy.
Lu thut ton ca phn mm iu khin quy trnh np c-quy c gii

thiu hnh 4.9. Hot ng ca phn mm nh sau:
Khi to: Chng trnh t cc cng vo/ra v trng thi l-gic ng vi

thit k phn cng, gn gi tr ban u cho cc bin, thit lp ch hot
ng cho timer3, b so snh, cho php ngt. Sau khi khi to xong
chng trnh o cc tn hiu dng, p, np c-quy v x in p d ch
thc hin trong ngt.
182
o in p c-quy: chng trnh o in p c-quy v so snh vi ngng

cho php np BAT_VOL_CHARGE_EN. Nu in p cao hn ngng th
vo ch x bnh thng Battery_Var.BattChargeMode
==
BAT_DISCHARGE_MODE. Nu in p thp hn ngng th vo ch
np
dng
Battery_Var.BattChargeMode
==
BAT_CURRCHARGE_MODE.
Ch np dng: Trong ch np dng, gi tr t cho b iu khin PI

l dng np c-quy BAT_CURR_REF, u vo phn hi l tn hiu o dng
in np vo c-quy. ng thi, chng trnh s o in p c-quy v so
snh vi ngng in p c-quy trong ch np dng
BAT_VOLT_FULLCHARGE, nu in p cao hn ngng th chuyn sang
ch
np
p
Battery_Var.BattChargeMode
==
BAT_VOLTCHARGE_MODE.
Vo ch np p: Trong ch np p, gi tr t cho b iu khin PI

l in p c-quy BAT_VOLT_REF, u vo phn hi l tn hiu o in
p c-quy. ng thi, chng trnh s o dng in np vo c-quy v so
snh vi ngng dng in np trong ch np p
BAT_CURR_FULLCHARGE, nu dng in np nh hn ngng th chuyn
sang ch x in p d v kt thc qu trnh np c-quy. Chng trnh
cng so snh in p c-quy vi ngng BAT_VOL_CHARGE_EN, nu in
p
thp hn ngng
th
quay li ch
np dng
Battery_Var.BattChargeMode == BAT_CURRCHARGE_MODE.
183
Start
Port configuration
Enable charge
and dump load
Initianization
variable
Configure
Timer3
BatteryVoltage <
T_VOL_CHARGE_EN
Y
Current Charge
Mode
BatteryVoltage >
BAT_VOLT_FULL
Y
Voltage Charge
Mode
Y
Current Charge
< BAT_CURR_FULL
Y
BatteryVolatge <
BAT_VOL_CHARGE_EN
N
Dump Load Mode
Hnh 4.9 Lu thut ton iu khin quy trnh np c-quy
184
Cu trc iu chnh hnh 4.8 vi lu thut ton gii thiu hnh 4.9
c vit bng ngn ng C (ci t trn Hardware dng TMS320F2812) nh
sau:
//----------------------------------------------------------------------// Connect inputs of the PID_REG3 modules and compute the PI battery
// change and dump load controller.
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------if(Battery_Var.BattChargeMode == BAT_DISCHARGE_MODE){
pid_spd.Ref = Analog_Var.DcBusVolt;
pid_spd.Fdb = BUS_VOL_REF_DUMP;
// Udc ~280Vdc
pid_spd.calc(&pid_spd);
EvbRegs.CMPR4 = 0;
// No Charge Battery
// battery voltage < 190Vdc (12.7V/Unit)
if(Analog_Var.AveBattVolt < BAT_VOL_CHARGE_EN){

if(Analog_Var.CountVoltBat == 100){
Battery_Var.BattChargeMode = BAT_CURRCHARGE_MODE;
}
else Analog_Var.CountVoltBat++;
}
else Analog_Var.CountVoltBat = 0;
}
else if(Battery_Var.BattChargeMode == BAT_CURRCHARGE_MODE){
pid_spd.Ref = _IQ15toIQ(Analog_Var.AveBattCurr);
pid_spd.Fdb = BAT_CURR_REF;
// Iaq ~25A
EvbRegs.CMPR4 = CHARGE_EN_CMPR4_FACTOR;
// Charge Battery
if(Analog_Var.AveBattVolt > BAT_VOLT_FULLCHARGE){

// battery voltage > 213Vdc (14.2V/Unit)
Battery_Var.BattChargeMode = DELAY_MODE;
Analog_Var.CountVoltBat = 0;
}
}
}
else if(Battery_Var.BattChargeMode == DELAY_MODE){
pid_spd.Ref = Analog_Var.DcBusVolt;
pid_spd.Fdb = BUS_VOL_REF_DUMP;
// Udc ~280Vdc
185
EvbRegs.CMPR4 = 0;
// No Charge Battery
// Delay 8s
Battery_Var.BattChargeMode = BAT_VOLTCHARGE_MODE;
Analog_Var.CountVoltBat = 0;
}
}
else if(Battery_Var.BattChargeMode == BAT_VOLTCHARGE_MODE){
pid_spd.Ref =
_IQ15toIQ(Analog_Var.AveBattVolt);
pid_spd.Fdb = BAT_VOLT_REF; //
battery voltage Uaq
~210V (14V/Unit)
EvbRegs.CMPR4 = CHARGE_EN_CMPR4_FACTOR;
// Charge Battery
//battery current < 3 A
if(Analog_Var.AveBattCurr < BAT_CURR_FULLCHARGE){

// bus voltage ~245Vdc
if(Analog_Var.DcBusVolt > BUS_VOLT_CHARGE){

Battery_Var.BattChargeMode = BAT_DISCHARGE_MODE;
Analog_Var.CountVoltBat = 0; } }
}
// battery voltage < 190Vdc (12.7V/Unit)
if(Analog_Var.AveBattVolt < BAT_VOL_CHARGE_EN){
Battery_Var.BattChargeMode = BAT_CURRCHARGE_MODE;}
}
else Analog_Var.CountVoltBat = 0; }
EvbRegs.CMPR5 = _IQtoF(pid_spd.Out)*FRE_COMP_INT_FACTOR;
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------//
Check voltages of battery and bus for charge or no charge battery
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------// battery voltage ~220Vdc (14.5V/Unit)

if(Analog_Var.AveBattVolt > BAT_VOL_CHARGE_DIS){
if(Analog_Var.CountVoltBat1 == 100){
Battery_Var.BattChargeMode = BAT_DISCHARGE_MODE;
Analog_Var.CountVoltBat1 = 0; }
else{ Analog_Var.CountVoltBat1++; } }
else Analog_Var.CountVoltBat1 = 0;
186

[1]
Nguyn ng Ton: Nghin cu, thit k v ch to h thng iu khin

qu trnh lu in ca trm pht in sc gi thuc ti KC.06.20CN.
Lun vn Cao hc, H Bch Khoa H Ni, 2005
[2]
Jones R.C.: Charge-Control Options for Valve Regulated Lead-Acid

Batteries. Transistor Devices Inc., 2004
[3]
Corbus, D.; Newcomb, C.; Baring-Gould E.I.; Friedly, S.: Battery Voltage
Stability Effects on Small Wind Turbine Energy Capture. AWEA
WINDPOWER 2002 Conference Portland, Oregon, June 2-5, 2002
[4]
Butler, D.: Lead-Acid Battery Charger Implementation Using PIC4C000.

Microchip Technology Inc., Application Note AN626
[5]
Enriquez, L.: Sealed Lead-Acid Battery Charger MkII Manual Rev. 1.3.
2000
[6]
Vicor Corporation: Designing a Battery Charger. Application Note
[7]
Unitrode Corporation (John A. OConnor): Simple Switchmode Lead-Acid

Battery Charger. Application Note U-131
[8]
Unitrode Corporation: Improved Charging Methods for Lead-Acid

Batteries Using the UC3906. Application Note U-104
5 Phng php iu khin my pht khng ng b
5.1 Khi qut v my pht khng ng b

Trong cc h thng PCSG c hai loi my pht khng ng b (KB) c
s dng:
My pht khng ng b rotor dy qun (KB-RDQ), cn c gi l

khng ng b ngun kp (Doubly-Fed Induction Generator: DFIG). My
pht KB-RDQ c Stator ghp trc tip vi li, cn pha Rotor c ni
vi li qua thit b K (hnh 5.1a). H thng c-quy kch t ch cn thit
khi h thng my pht hot ng ch c o, khng ha vi li
in.
My pht khng ng b rotor lng sc (KB-RLS, Squirel-Cage

Induction Generator: SCIG). Khc vi my pht KB-RDQ, my pht
KB-RLS c Stator ni vi li qua thit b K (hnh 5.1b). Ti y, h
thng c-quy kch t cng ch cn thit khi h thng my pht hot ng
ch c o.
Hnh 5.1 Hai loi h thng pht in chy sc gi s dng my pht khng ng
b: Cm c-quy kch t ch cn thit khi vn hnh ch c o
D dng ch ra cc u nhc im ca hai h thng trn:
Do thit b K ca KB-RDQ nm pha Rotor nn cng sut ch cn

bng c 1/3 ca cng sut my pht. Dng nng lng thu c chy trc
t Stator sang li. Dn n gi thnh r hn nhiu so vi KB-RLS l
loi cn thit b K nm gia Stator v li, v do c cng sut bng
chnh cng sut ca h thng my pht.
188
Tuy vy, nh c thit b K nm gia Stator v li, loi KB-RLS d

iu khin hn rt nhiu so vi KB-RDQ. c bit l trong nhng trng
hp c s c v pha li.
Trong mt thi gian kh di khi m k thut iu khin cn pht trin

cha y vn tn ti h thng PCSG c tc quay c nh, khin cho
kh nng khai thc nng lng t ngun gi rt hn ch. Lp c tnh ca tc
gi (hnh 5.2) ch ra r rang: Mi tc gi u c mt im cng sut
ti a ta cn khai thc, to thnh ng cng sut ti u. h thng c th
khai thc nng lng tt nht, ta cn iu khin turbine sao cho tc quay
ca my pht lun bm st im maximum , dn n cc ch vn hnh
trn (oversynchronous, n/nN>1) hoc di ng b (subsynchronous, n/nN<1).
Tuy nhin, vn iu khin turbine thng c t ra vi cc h thng cng
sut ln - rt ln (vi trm kW tr ln). ti KC.06.20CN vi cng sut nh,
ch tp trung vo vn iu khin my pht.
Hnh 5.2 c tnh cng sut c th khai thc c t gi vi cc tc khc nhau:

Cn iu khin my pht sao cho cng sut lun t mc ti a
H thng iu khin (K) h thng my pht (hnh 5.1) bao gm:
K nghch lu (NL) pha my pht (MP),
K nghch lu pha li (li ph ti khi vn hnh ch c o, li

quc gia ch ha ng b)
v phi gii quyt c cc vn sau y:
i vi NL pha MP: Vn K cch ly (decoupling control) cng sut

hu cng P v v cng Q, K ha ng b. c bit, khi li xy ra s c
(sp li quc gia, li mt cn pha nghim trng), khi y MP phi c kh
nng cung cp cng sut v cng Q gip li tr vng qua giai on s c.
5.2 Phng php iu khin my pht khng ng b Rotor dy qun
189
i vi NL pha li: Vn cn gii quyt l K h s cng sut cos,

kt hp vi lc thng minh chn nhiu pht ln li.
ti KC.06.20CN khng ch gii quyt ni dung thit k - ch to thit b

mt cch thnh cng, ti nghin cu, xut v th nghim thnh cng
cc phng php K bng cch kt hp gii quyt cc ti n tt nghip
i hc, lun vn Cao hc v Tin s (xem phn Ti liu tham kho ca chng
5).
5.2 Phng php iu khin my pht khng ng b Rotor dy

qun
5.2.1 Cu trc ca h thng PCSG dng my pht KB-RDQ

Nh kh nng cp ngun t pha rotor, my in KB-RDQ cho php thc
hin n gin bn ch vn hnh nh hnh 5.3a). Hon ton c lp vi tc
quay c hc (trn hoc di ng b), vic my hot ng ch ng c
hay my pht ch ph thuc vo du cho trc ca mmen mM. Theo hnh
5.3a), my in s hot ng ch my pht, nu mmen mang du m. Ta
bit, kch c ca mM c trng cho kch c ca cng sut pht ra ( ch
my pht) hoc cng sut ly vo ( ch ng c) ca my in KB-RDQ
v vic iu khin/iu chnh cng sut (v d: thng qua mmen) khng
c php nh hng n h s cng sut (HSCS) cos t cho thit b.
Hnh 5.3 Phm vi hot ng ca my pht KB-RDQ (a) vi dng nng lng chy
ch MP thuc phm vi di (b) v trn ng b (c)
Bng mt bin tn khng ch c kh nng ly m cn c kh nng hon nng

lng tr li li, my in KB-RDQ c th c vn hnh hai ch : trn
hoc di ng b. c hai ch , my cung cp nng lng ln li
pha stator. Pha rotor, my:
190
ly nng lng t li ch di ng b (hnh 5.3b), v
hon nng lng tr li li ch trn ng b (hnh 5.3c).
V nguyn tc, bin tn (hnh 5.4) bao gm hai cm: cm nghch lu pha
li (NLPL) v cm nghch lu pha my pht (NLMP). Nhim v ch cht ca
cm NLMP l thc hin iu chnh/cch ly c hiu qu hai i lng mM v
cos, iu chnh ha ng b vi li cho MP cng nh iu chnh tch MP ra
khi li khi cn thit. Tuy nhin, hai ni dung sau khng phi l i tng
ca bo co ny.
Cm NLPL trn thc t khng ch c nhim v chnh lu theo ngha thng
thng: ly nng lng t li, cm cn c nhim v hon nng (t mch DC)
tr li li (ba pha). Cm NLPL c nhim v iu chnh n nh in p mch
mt chiu trung gian UDC, iu chnh cos v qua c th gi vai tr b cng
sut v cng, mt nhim v thng c gii quyt bng t b t tin v thiu
chnh xc.
Hnh 5.4 Khi qut cu trc h

thng PCSG s dng my
pht loi KB-RDQ
5.2.2 M hnh ton v cc bin iu khin my pht KB-RDQ
5.2.2.1
M hnh ton ca my pht KB-RDQ
Xut pht im xy dng m hnh l cc phng trnh in p stator,

rotor trn h thng cun dy stator, rotor.
Phng trnh in p stator (Ch s s vit bn phi, trn cao: ta c
nh trn stator):
u ss = Rs i ss +
d ss
dt
(5.1)
Phng trnh in p rotor (Ch s r vit bn phi, trn cao: ta c

nh trn rotor):
191
d rr
(5.2)
dt
Do my c cu trc cn xng v mt c hc, ta c th b qua cc ch s ph
nh trong (5.1) v (5.2), nu ta biu din cc vector t thng trn cng mt h
ta .
s = i s Ls + i r Lm
(5.3)
r = i s Lm + i r Lr
u rr = Rr i rr +
Phng trnh (pt.) mmen c dng nh sau:

3
3
mM = z p ( s i s ) = z p ( r i r )
(5.4)
2
2
Sau khi chuyn cc pt. (5.1), (5.2) sang biu din trn h ta dq bt k
chuyn ng quay trn vi tc gc s ta thu c:
d s
u s = Rs i s +
+ j s s
dt
(5.5)
dr
+ jr r
u r = Rr i r +
dt
trong :
s = + r
(5.6)
Sau khi trit tiu dng stator is v t thng rotor r, t h pt. (5.5) ta thu
c h sau:
/
1 1 1
1 1
di r
s
j
i
i
=
+
+
r
r
r
dt
T
T
r
s
s
1
1
ur
us
+
Lr
Lm
d s/
1
1
i r + js s/ +
us
=
Ts
Lm
Ts
dt
(5.7)
trong : s/ = s Lm . Vit (5.7) di dng thnh phn ta s thu c m

hnh in ton phn ca my pht KB-RDQ.
dird
1 1 1
1 1 /
1
1
/
ird + r irq +
+
= +
sd sq
u
usd
rd
Lr
Tr
Ts
Lm
dt
Ts
dirq
1 1 1
1 /
1 /
1
1
sq +
=
+
+
+
i
i
urq
usq
r rd
rq
sd
Tr

Lm
Ts
Ts
Lr
dt
/
dsd
1
1 /
1
usd
=
+ s sq
ird sd
+
L
dt
T
T
m
s
s
dsq
1
1 /
1
/
i
usq
=
rq
s
sd
sq
dt
T
T
L
s
s
m
(5.8)
chn c h ta thch hp ta hy theo di suy ngh sau. Do stator ca
my pht c ni mch vi li v v vy tn s mch stator chnh l tn s
192
li, in p ri trn in tr Rs c th b qua c so vi tng in p ri trn

h cm stator Lm v in cm tiu tn Ls. Phng trnh (5.1) c th c vit
gn ng nh sau:
d s
us
hoc u s js s
(5.9)
dt
Phng trnh (5.9) cho thy t thng stator lun chm pha so vi in p
mt gc chng 900, hoc din t cch khc: vector t thng stator lun ng
vung gc vi vector in p stator. Trong tng quan c nh , vic hng
ca vector no c chn lm hng ta cho h thng iu chnh khng c
ngha quyt nh na. Nu ta:
theo hng t thng stator ta c: usd=0, sq=0
theo hng in p stator ta c:
usq=0, sd=0
Khi ta theo hng ca in p li ta cn ch rng in p rt c th b

mo dng (v d: do nhiu ca cc thit b in t cng sut ang hot ng, do
nhiu ca sm chp trn kh quyn) gy kh khn cho vic o gc pha ca in
p. V vy, phi ch thc hin chng nhiu tt cho php o gc pha.
H pt. (5.8) c th c vit li di dng m hnh trng thi nh sau:
dx
= A x + B s u s + Br ur
(5.10)
dt
Vi:
/
/
vector trng thi x T = ird , irq , sd
, sq
,
vector in p stator u Ts = usd , usq l vector u vo pha stator, v
vector in p rotor u Tr = urd , urq l vector u vo pha rotor.
Ma trn h thng A, ma trn vo pha stator Bs v ma trn vo pha rotor Br

c cng thc nh sau:
1 1 1
1
1
1
r
T
Ts
Ts
1
Lm
Lr
1 1 1 1
1
r
+
Lm
Ts
Tr
Ts
; Br = 0
A=
; Bs =
1
1
1
0
0
s
0
Lm
Ts
Ts
1
1
0
s
Ts
Ts
Lr
0
0
(5.11)
M hnh trng thi ca my pht KB-RDQ c th hin hnh 5.5a. Cc
ma trn ca m hnh (5.10) cng c th c vit di dng cc ma trn con
(hnh 5.5b) nh sau:
A11 A12
B
B
; B s = s1 ; Br = r1
A =
(5.12)
B s2
0
A 21 A 22
193
Hnh 5.5 a) M hnh trng thi theo (5.10), hoc b) theo dng ma trn con (5.12)
M hnh trng thi s dng ma trn con hnh 5.5b) cho ta thy rt r rng
l in p rotor ur khng c nh hng trc tip, m ch c th nh hng gin
tip ti t thng stator s, thng qua dng rotor ir. in p stator us (ng thi
l in p li uN sau khi ha ng b) c nh hng trc tip, mang ngha
quyt nh ti s. nh hng ca us ti ir ch gi vai tr nh mt i lng
nhiu vi module c nh, vi gc pha cho trc/o c v v vy c th b trit
tiu d dng nh mt khu b nhiu thng thng.
5.2.2.2
M hnh trng thi gin on ca my pht KB-RDQ
Nh php tch phn lp m hnh (5.10) trong phm vi mt chu k trch mu,
ta thu c m hnh gin on ca my. M hnh s l xut pht im
thit k cc khu iu chnh sau ny.
(5.13)
x(k + 1) = x(k) + H s u s (k) + H r u r (k)
Ma trn qu trng thi , cc ma trn u vo Hs pha Stator, Hr pha
Rotor c cng thc nh sau:
1 T 1 + 1
1 T
r T
Tr
Ts
Ts
r T
1 T T1 + 1T 1 T
r
s
=
T
0
1 TT
Ts
s
T
sT
0
Ts
1 T
0
T
Lm
Lr
1 T
0
H
s1
Lm
0
=
Hs = T
; Hr =
L
0 Hs2
0
m
Lm
0
1 T
1 T
12
Ts = 11
22
sT 21
1 TT
s
0
T
Hr1
Lr
=
0
0
(5.14)
194
M hnh gin on (5.13) ca MP s dng ma trn con (5.14) c th hin

trong hnh 5.6a. Tch na trn ra th hin ring trong hnh 5.6b, ta thu c
m hnh dng rotor, xut pht im thit k khu iu chnh dng (CD)
sau ny. T hnh 5.6b ta thy rt r rng hai i lng us v s - v MP c
ghp vi li in ba pha n nh - ch gi vai tr hai i lng nhiu bin thin
rt chm v do c th b kh nh hng bng mt khu b xui n gin.
Hnh 5.6 A) M hnh trng thi gin on theo (5.13), v b) m hnh dng ca my
pht KB-RDQ
5.2.2.3
Cc bin iu khin cch ly cng sut hu cng P v v cng Q
Phng trnh (5.4) m ra nhiu kh nng tnh mmen ni ti ca MP, l i

lng iu khin cng sut hu cng P. V my chu s tc ng iu chnh t
pha Rotor, ta hy i tm cng thc tnh c cha dng Rotor. T pt. (5.4) ta d
dng thu c:
L
3
3
mG = z p m [ s i r ] = z p (1 ) Lr s/ i r
(5.15)
2
2
Ls
Nu ta quan st trn h ta quay trn c trc thc ta theo hng ca

vector in p li (THAL), c ngha l: sd = 0, ta s thu c:
L
3
3
/
mM = z p m sq ird = z p (1 ) Lr sq
ird
(5.16)
2
2
Ls
Phng trnh (5.9) cho ta bit rng module/bin ca t thng Stator ch
ph thuc vo in p li, v vy, theo (5.16) dng ird gi vai tr i lng to
mmen v t pha Rotor ta c th dng ird mt cch rt thun li iu
khin/iu chnh mmen, tc l K cng sut hu cng P ca MP. y l mt
kt lun quan trng.
195
Tuy vy, pt. (5.16) li khng ph hp cho vic tnh mmen ni ti ca MP v

l do rt n gin: in p li khng bao gi n nh l tng m thng
thng ging trong khong 10% hoc hn th na. iu ny dn n t thng
Stator ca my thay i theo. im lm vic ca my di ng: i vo hoc ra
khi vng bo ha t, lm thay i h cm Lm. iu khin/iu chnh mM m
khng cn thit b o gi tr thc mM, ta phi tm c cng thc tnh mM t
hoc khng nhy vi thng ging tham s, vi hin tng di chuyn im
lm vic nh pt. (5.16).
Gi thit rng t thng Stator ch c th bin thin tng i chm, ngha
l: d s dt 0 , ta rt t thng ra t phng trnh th 1 ca h (5.5) v thay
vo v tri ca (5.4).
mM =
3
2
z p usd isd Rs i s
s
(5.17)
i vi MP c cng sut ln/rt ln, in tr Rs thng nh/rt nh, c

th b qua trong (5.17) m khng nh hng ng k ti kt qu tnh. T ta
c cng thc gn ng sau:
u i
3
mM z p sd sd
(5.18)
s
2
Cng thc (5.18) hon ton khng cha tham s my, ch s dng cc i
lng o c v v vy c th dng tnh mM mt cch rt thun li.
Trn h ta ta theo in p li, h s cng sut c nh ngha nh
sau, trong l gc xen gia hai vector dng is v in p us.
isq
isq
i
isd
=
cos = sd2 =
; sin =
(5.19)
2
2
2
2
is
is
isd
+ isq
isd
+ isq
Ngoi ra, theo pt. (5.3) ta bit rng: do s gn nh khng i, mi bin ng
ca ir u trc tip tc ng n is. lm sng t iu ny, ta hy vit li pt.
(5.3) trn h ta THAL di dng thnh phn.
sd
= s isd + ird 0
Lm
(5.20)
Ls
/
/
sq =
isq + irq s
Vi Ls Lm 1 , pt. (5.20) c n gin ha nh sau:

isd + ird 0
(5.21)
/
isq + irq s/ = sq
Cc quan h thuc pt. (5.21) c m t trc gic d hiu hnh 5.7. Theo
cc pt. (5.21) v (5.21), dng isd hon ton b xc nh bi dng to mmen ird.
Theo pt. (5.19), b li nh hng ti cos khi isd thng ging (v d: khi ta
iu khin mM dn ti ird thay i thay i cng sut hu cng P a ln
li) ta phi c kh nng tc ng iu khin vo isq. Bi v, gia gc pha v
isq tn ti quan h nh pt. th 2 ca (5.19), quan h gn nh tuyyn tnh trc
196
tip gia sin v isq (i vi nh: thm ch trc tip gia gc v isq, bi v
sin ). Vy th, thay v K trc tip cos, ta c th s dng isq K sin
hoc .
Theo tng quan c nh gia irq v
isq trong (5.21), dng irq chnh l dng
to isq v do gi vai tr i lng
to sin hoc cos. Ni mt cch
khc, irq l bin K cng sut v cng
Q ta ang tm. Vy nu thnh cng
trong vic p t nhanh v chnh xc
dng irq, u ra ca khu iu chnh
sin hoc cos c th c s dng
cung cp gi tr gi tr ch o - gi tr
cn - cho dng irq. Mt khc, vic K
sin - thay cho K cos - cn u th
hn nh kh nng thay i tnh cht
in cm hoc in dung ca cng
sut v cng ch nh thay i du ca
sin. Trn c s cc dn gii qua,
ta c th xy dng cu trc iu khin
cho pha MP nh trong hnh 5.8.
Hnh 5.7 Biu vector dng p t thng ca my pht KB-RDQ
Hnh 5.8 Cu trc iu khin tuyn tnh pha my pht, s dng ird K cng
sut hu cng P v irq K cng sut v cng Q
197
5.2.3 Cu trc iu khin tuyn tnh pha my pht
5.2.3.1
M hnh dng Rotor
Sau khi tch m hnh trng thi gin on (5.10) ca MP, ta thu c m
hnh dng Rotor hnh 5.6b vi phng trnh sau y:
i r (k + 1) = 11i r (k ) + 12 s/ (k ) + H s1u s (k ) + H r1u r (k )
(5.22)
Phng trnh (5.22) c th c vit li di dng thnh phn cho h ta
THAL.
/
ird (k + 1) = 11ird (k ) + 12irq (k ) + 14 sq

(k) + h11r urd (k)
+ h11s usd (k )
(5.23)
irq (k + 1) = 12 ird (k ) + 11irq (k ) + 13 sq (k ) + h11r urq (k )

Trong pt. (5.23), in p v t thng Stator c th c coi l cc i lng
nhiu bin thin chm. V vy, nh hng ca chng c th b kh mt cch d
dng nh mt khu b nhiu. Tuy nhin, v cc i lng gn nh khng
i, chng c th b thnh phn tch phn (tim n trong khu C dng) b
mt cch chnh xc v nhanh m khng cn thm khu b bn ngoi. iu
ny c chng nghim nhiu qua thc t. Tuy nhin, bo m tnh
chnh xc, cht ch v phng din ton hc, ta vn gi nguyn khu b trong
cc x l tip theo.
Gi thit y(k) l u ra ca mt khu iu chnh vector RI m ta ang tm, ta
c th vit phng trnh c b nhiu nh sau:
u r (k + 1) = Hr11 y (k ) 12 s/ (k + 1) H s1u s (k + 1)
(5.24)
Sau khi thay (5.24) vo (5.22), ta thu c m hnh dng Rotor b nhiu:
i r (k + 1) = 11i r (k ) + y (k 1) hoc zi r (z) = 11i r ( z) + z1y ( z) (5.25)
V y(k-1) trong pt. (5.25) ch r rng 1 nhp tr do tnh ton c xt n.

5.2.3.2
iu khin cch ly P v Q bng b iu chnh dng 2 chiu
Cc dn dt trn ch ra r rng: iu kin tin quyt c th K cch

ly tt hai thnh phn cng sut P v Q chnh l khu C hai chiu, bo m p
t nhanh, chnh xc v khng tng tc (tch knh, decoupled) hai thnh
phn dng ird v irq.
Gi thit ta s dng ma trn iu chnh RI nh trong hnh 5.9. Khu C
s phi tha mn phng trnh sau trn min z:
y (z) = R I i*r (z) i r ( z)
(5.26)
Ch s * vit bn phi, trn cao: gi tr cn, gi tr t

Sau khi thay (5.26) vo (5.25) ta thu c hm truyn ca m hnh dng
khp kn mch vng iu chnh.
1
i r (z) = z1 zI 11 + z1R I R I i*r ( z)
(5.27)
198
Phng trnh (5.27) s tha mn nu ta s dng khu iu chnh vi p

ng tc thi theo phng trnh sau:
I z111
RI =
(5.28)
1 z2
Trong : I Ma trn n v
Hnh 5.9 Cu trc ca khu iu chnh dng Rotor
Khu iu chnh theo (5.28) v hnh 5.9 c c tnh ng hc cao, chnh xc

v ng thi bo m cch ly tt hai thnh phn dng ird v irq. Ngoi ra, ta
cng c th thit k khu C dng vi p ng hu hn.
5.2.4 Cu trc iu khin phi tuyn pha my pht
i vi cc h thng K cho MP in chy bng sc gi, cu trc K tuyn

tnh trnh by mc 5.2.3 p ng c cc i hi rt cao v cht lng.
Tuy nhin, cu trc hnh 5.9 c thit k trn c s m hnh dng tuyn
tnh (5.22), thu c nh php tuyn tnh ha trong phm vi mt chu k trch
mu thc hin vi iu kin r = const trong phm vi mt chu k trch mu.
Trong thc tin vn hnh ta hay gp (i vi h thng PCSG c ha li)
cc s c nh sp in p li (sp theo t l %), hay mt cn pha nghim
trng. l nhng trng hp m iu kin r = const khng cn tha mn,
dn n suy gim cht lng ca phng php K tuyn tnh. V l do y, mt
cu trc K phi tuyn, ph hp vi bn cht phi tuyn ca MP s gip trnh
c nhc im trn. chnh l l do, l ng lc thi thc ti
KC.06.20CN thc hin nghin cu theo hng ny thng qua mt lot cc n
tt nghip i hc, lun vn Cao hc, v c bit: c mt lun vn Tin s i
theo hng ny v thu c cc kt qu thc nghim rt thnh cng.
5.2.4.1
199
Khi qut v phng php tuyn tnh ha chnh xc (TTHCX, Exact

Linearization)
Chi tit v phng php TTHCX c trnh by rt k trong ti liu [19]. Xt

lp i tng phi tuyn c dng:
x = f (x) + H (x) u ;
y = g (x)
g1 ( x )

u1
x1

x = # ; u = # ; g ( x ) = # ;
x
u
n
m
gm ( x )
vi:
(5.29)
H ( x ) = (h1 ( x ), h 2 ( x ), " , h m ( x ))
Theo [19], nu lp i tng (5.29) tha mn mt s iu kin (v d: s tn
ti ca vector bc tng i, tnh suy bin ca ma trn L), ta c th s dng
php chuyn h ta :
g1 ( x )
Lr11g ( x )
z1
1
f
z = # = m (x ) =
gm ( x )
zn
r 1
L mf gm ( x )
(5.30)
chuyn (5.29) t h ta trng thi x sang h ta trng thi z mi:
z = Az + Bw ;
y = Cz
(5.31)
Hnh 5.10 Chuyn h ta trng thi (TTHCX) cho i tng phi tuyn
Trn h ta trng thi z, phng trnh (5.31) c c im ca mt h vora tuyn tnh vi cng thc ca cc ma trn A, B v C s c a ra cho cc
trng hp c th sau. Vector bin vo nguyn thy u c K theo lut:
u = a ( x ) + L1 ( x ) w vi:
L Lr11g x
r 1
h1 f 1 ( ) " Lhm L 1f g1 ( x )
L (x) =
#
%
#
L Lrm 1g ( x ) " L Lrm 1g ( x )

m
hm f
m
h1 f
Lr1 g x
f 1 ( )
a ( x ) = L ( x )
#
Lrm g ( x )
f m
(5.32)
200
ngha ca o hm Lie L f g ( x ) = g ( x ) x f ( x ) trong cng thc (5.32)

c gii thiu ti ti liu [19]. d hiu, c th minh ha tng trn nh
hnh 5.10. Trn khng gian trng thi mi, ta c th s dng mt cch thun
li cc phng php thit k tuyn tnh quen bit.
5.2.4.2
c im phi tuyn ca m hnh my pht KB-RDQ
Sau khi thay th tham s ca my bi cc k hiu: a = 1 (Tr ) + (1 ) (Ts ),

b = (1 ) , c = 1 ( Lr ), d = (1 ) ( Lm ), e = (1 ) (Ts ) (ch : a, b, c, d, e ch
c ngha ti mc ny), my in KB-RDQ c m t trn h ta dq (h

ta TTAL) nh sau:
/
/
i
rd = aird + r irq + esd bsq + curd dusd
/
/
irq = r ird airq + bsd

+ esq
+ curq + dusq
/
/
/
sd = ird Ts sd Ts + s sq + usd Lm
/
/
/
sq = irq Ts s sd sq Ts + usq Lm
r = r
(5.33)
Sau khi nh ngha cc tham s mi, ta c th chuyn vit (5.33) di dng

c bn nh cng thc (5.29):
/
/
x1 ird
u1 esd bsq + curd dusd

/
/
x = x2 = irq ; u = u2 = bsd
+ esq
+ curq + dusq

r
x3 r
u3
y1 g1 ( x ) x1
ax1

y = y2 = g2 ( x ) = x2 ; f ( x ) = ax2

0
y3 g3 ( x ) x3
(5.34)
1
0
x2

h1 = 0 ; h 2 = 1 ; h 2 ( x ) = x1

0
0
1

Trong m hnh (5.34), hai i lng nhiu us v s c a vo cc bin
K u1 v u2. Vector bin vo u c b sung thm bin r, l iu ng vi bn

cht ca my in. M hnh (5.34) ch r c im cu trc phi tuyn ca i
tng, mt c im ch c th ch ng tt bi mt gii php K phi tuyn.
5.2.4.3
iu khin cch ly P v Q bng cu trc thit k theo phng php

TTHCX
iu kin TTHCX phn m hnh dng Rotor hai phng trnh u tin ca
h (5.8) c chng minh trong cc ti liu [11], [12] v [14].
201
Theo (5.32), ta d dng tm c hm K CTTT di y cho m hnh

dng rotor ca my in KB-NK:
u1

u2 =

u
3
N
u
ax1 1 0 x2 w1

ax2 + 0 1 x1 w2

0 0 0 1 w
3
N

N
a( x )
L1( x )
(5.35)
Kt qu cui cng l m hnh thay th trn h ta trng thi mi c dng

tng qut nh (5.31) vi hai c im vo-ra tuyn tnh v TKTT c
cp n. C th ch ra ngay hai tnh cht quan trng khi p dng TTHCX cho
i tng MP loi KB-RDQ, l:
Tnh cht 1: C th p dng cc phng php thit k K tuyn tnh

quen bit cho i tng (5.31). Vi tnh cht ny, khi thit k khu C
dng Rotor ta khng cn ph thuc vo iu kin r l hng trong mt
chu k trch mu.
Tnh cht 2: M hnh (5.31) cn c c im tch knh vo-ra. Vi c

im ny, vic K cch ly hai qu trnh to cng sut hu cng P v v
cng Q tr nn v cng n gin. Cu trc K tn dng tnh cht ny
c cc tc gi ca KC.06.20CN t tn l cu trc tch knh trc
tip.
Hnh 5.11 Cu trc K phi tuyn (cn gi l cu trc tch knh trc tip) trong K
h thng pht in chy sc gi s dng my in KB-RDQ
Nh mc 5.2.3 gii thiu, cha kha ca h thng K my pht KB-RDQ

chnh l mch vng C dng Rotor trn h ta TTAL, s dng 2 thnh
202
phn dng rotor ird v irq lm cc bin K cch ly cng sut hu cng P (K
mmen mG) v cng sut v cng Q (K h s cng sut cos). D dng nhn
thy, ti y ta cng c th thay th khu C 2 chiu RI bi mt cu trc mi
vi khu K chuyn h ta trng thi v 2 khu C RIrd, RIrq ring r cho hai
thnh phn dng tch knh (hnh 5.11). Cu trc K hnh 5.11 cho
php ta b qua iu kin r l hng trong phm vi chu k trch mu khi thit
k h thng.
5.2.4.4
iu khin cch ly P v Q bng cu trc thit k theo phng php cun

chiu (Backstepping)
Theo [19], phng php Backstepping l phng php tng hp b iu

khin da trn l thuyt n nh Lyapunov, trong hm iu khin Lyapunov
c xy dng mt cch d dng nh k thut cun chiu (Backstepping). Ta
xy dng h phng trnh m t m hnh dng Rotor ca MP trong (5.33).
Theo [10], [16] v [17], p dng phng php tng hp Backstepping c bn,
ta thu c hai khu iu chnh cho hai thnh phn dng ird v irq nh sau:
*
dird
/
/
curd = aird r irq esd + bsq + dusd +

k1z1
dt
(5.36)
dirq
/
/
cu = r ird + airq bsd esq + dusq +

k2 z2
rq
dt
Vi khu iu chnh dng (5.36) khi thc nghim trn h thng th nghim,
ta vp phi sai lch tnh do cc nguyn nhn sau:
Do cc tham s my in khng chnh xc.
Do vic thc hin ly mu khi thc hin trn DSP gy ra sai s.
Do nh hng ca chnh xc cc thit b o.
Do trong khu iu khin (5.36) cn thiu thnh phn tch phn.
Nhm khc phc nhc im ny, cc ti liu [10], [16] v [17] c bit
sng to bng cch kt hp gia cun chiu (Backstepping) v tuyn tnh ha
chnh xc (Exact Linearization) trong qu trnh thit k:
Trc ht thc hin tuyn tnh ha chnh cho m hnh (5.33).
Sau thc hin thit k cun chiu, tm hm K Lyapunov cho m hnh

tuyn tnh thay th.
Cui cng, thit k b sung thnh phn tch phn nhm kh sai lch tnh.
Do ni dung l lun ca thit k Backstepping rt phong ph v v vy khng

th trnh by chi tit hn trong bo co ny, ngh ngi quan tm tra cu
thm trong cc ti liu nu.
203
5.2.5 Cu trc iu khin pha li
5.2.5.1
M hnh ton mch in pha li
u ra ca NLPL thng
c ghp vi li qua cm
khng LD (c in tr cun dy
l RD), qua khu lc RC v bin
p (hnh 5.12a). in cm ca
li cho trc l LN, bin p
c thay th tng ng bi
in cm tiu tn LT v in
p li c thay bi ngun p
eN, t ta c s thay th
cho mch in pha li nh
hnh 5.12b. V tng in p ri
trn bin th v in cm li
rt nh so vi in p ri trn
khu lc RC, ta c th b qua
chng v thu c s ti
gin phc v thit k hnh
5.12c.
Hnh 5.12 S mch in pha li: a) S tng qut, b) s thay th, v c) m
hnh dng pha li
trng thi xc lp, ta thu c phng trnh lc RC t hnh 5.12c nh sau:

1
eN =
i F + RF i F
(5.37)
j s CF
Trn h ta THAL vi e N = eNd + jeNq , trong eNq = 0 ta c th vit:
eNd = R F iFd
iFq
s CF
(5.38)
iFd
0 = RF iFq +
s CF
Trong : i F = iFd + jiFq . Nh pt. (5.38) ta c th tnh chnh xc gi tr ca
cc thnh phn dng iFd, iFq ch xc lp. ch xc lp, cc thnh phn

dng k trn cng vi in p li eN l khng i, v vy, i vi mch vng C
dng pha li chng ch gi vai tr ca cc i lng nhiu c nh. Tng t
khu C dng Rotor, cc i lng nhiu pha li cng c th b trit tiu nh
hng nh khu b nhiu hoc nh thnh phn tch phn tim n trong thut
ton C dng.
T hnh 5.12c ta c th xy dng cc pt. dng p pha li nh sau:
204
di
u N = RD i N + LD N + e N
(5.39)
dt
i N = i T + i F
Sau khi chuyn pt. (5.39) sang h ta THAL ng thi th dng iN trong
phng trnh th nht bi iN thuc phng trnh th 2 ta thu c phng
trnh in p mi.
di
u N = RD i T + LD T + js LD i T + e Nv
dt
(5.40)
e Nv = e N + js LD i F + RD i F = eNvd + jeNvq
di F
=0
dt
Phng trnh (5.40) c th c vit li di dng m hnh trng thi nh
sau:
diTd
1
1
=
iTd + s iTq +
(uNd eNvd )
dt
TD
LD
(5.41)
diTq
1
1
iTq +
= s iTd
(uNq eNvq )
TD
LD
dt
T (5.41) ta thu c ngay m hnh dng gin on pha li nh sau:
i T (k + 1) = N i T (k ) + H N u N (k ) H N e Nv (k )
(5.42)
T
0
sT
1
TD
; HN = D
vi:
N =
T
T
s T 1
TD
LD
LD
M hnh (5.42) chnh l xut pht im thit k khu C dng pha li.
Gi thit rng ta ch trc tip o dng iN u ra ca NLPL, vy ta phi s
dng pt. (5.38) tnh dng iF ri sau nh pt. (5.39) tnh gi tr thc
dng li (dng bin th) iT.
5.2.5.2
Cu trc iu khin
Nh trn ch ra: Then cht ca cu trc K pha li cng l khu C

dng 2 chiu, cho php p t nhanh v chnh xc 2 thnh phn dng pha li
l iNd v iNq (hnh 5.13).
Trnh t thit k khu C dng pha li cng ging ht nh pha Rotor ca
MP. Gi thit yN(k) l bin u ra ca khu iu chnh vector RIN, ta c th vit
pt. iu chnh sau, trong c b nhiu v tr thi gian tnh:
u N (k + 1) = HN1 y N (k ) + H N e Nv (k + 1)
(5.43)
Thay (5.43) vo (5.42) ta thu c m hnh dng b nhiu sau y.
i T (k + 1) = N i T (k ) + y N (k 1)
(5.44)
Ti y ta c hai nhn xt:
M hnh dng pha li c cu trc hon ton tng t nh m hnh dng

Rotor (5.25).
205
eNv ch gi vai tr ca i lng nhiu c nh v v vy nh hng ca n

c th b loi tr ch nh thnh phn tch phn tim n trong khu C
dng m khng cn bt k khu b ph no.
thu c p ng tc thi ng thi cch ly tt hai thnh phn ca vector

dng, ta c th s dng ngay khu C nh pt. (5.28).
I z1N
R IN =
(5.45)
1 z2
B qua khu b ph thm, ta thu c nh (5.45) pt. tnh c th ca khu
CD nh sau:
L
T
xTd (k 1) s TxTq (k 1) + yNd (k 2)
uNd (k + 1) = D xTd (k ) 1
T
TD
LD
1 T x (k 1) + y (k 2)
x
k
Tx
k
1
+
(
)
(
)
uNq (k + 1) =
Tq
s
Td
Tq
Nq
T
TD
(5.46)
Trong :
*
*
x T = xTd + jxTq ; xTd = iTd
iTd ; xTq = iTq
iTq
y N = yNd + jyNq
Hnh 5.13 Cu trc K pha li vi khu C vector dng
Tuy rng v l thuyt cc bin ng ca i lng nhiu eNv c th c

thnh phn I tim n trong (5.45) san bng v v vy ta c th b qua khng cn
khu b ph (5.46), thit b ch c th hot ng di iu kin: yN nhn
c gi tr ban u chun xc.
y N (k = 0) = H N e Nv (k = 0)
(5.47)
Vi eNv(k=0) tnh theo cc pt. (5.38) v (5.40). Khu C theo (5.45) - (5.47)
c tin cy cao v km nhy tham s, l u im ln. Tuy nhin, c th
tn ti kh nng l LD khng ln, dn n mo dng hnh sin ca dng iT do
khu C c tnh ng cao (p ng tc thi). y l iu m cc nh qun l
206
li in kh chp nhn. Ch c hai kh nng khc phc, hoc ta thit k LD

chun xc hn, hoc ta la chn gii php C c tc chm hn, v d: vi
tc p ng hu hn. Tha mn cc yu cu trn, ta c th bo m rt tt
dng hnh sin cho dng pha li iT, c bit khi MP pht huy ht cng sut.
5.2.5.3
Kt lun v cu trc K pha li
Mc 5.2.5 gii thiu phng php m hnh ha v cu trc K ca nghch

lu pha li. c kt qua qu trnh nghin cu v thc hin lu di ca bn
than ch nhim cng nh ca chnh ti KC.06.20CN, c th nu ln cc kt
lun sau y:
Li in trong m hnh (xem hnh 5.12) c th l li in quc gia (khi

h thng PCSG c ha li) hoc ch l li ph ti cc b (khi h thng
PCSG khng ha li, m ch c vn hnh ch c o). ch
c o, ta ch vic t eN = 0, v c bn vic m hnh ha v phng php
K khng thay i ln.
Trong tt mi phng n MP (KB-RDQ, KB-RLS hay B-KTVC), ta u

c th s dng phng php m hnh ha v cu trc K pha li tng
t nh mc 5.2.5. V l y, trong cc mc sau ta s khng trnh by lp li
ni dung ny.
Cu trc K pha li khng ch gp phn K cch ly mt cch chc chn

2 thnh phn cng sut hu cng P v v cng Q trong mi ch vn
hnh. Bng cch ci t mt phng php K thch hp, ta c th loi
tr c cc thnh phn hi pht ln li (vai tr lc tch cc) hay b h
s cng sut cos (b thng minh) m khng cn n t b.
5.3 Phng php iu khin my pht khng ng b Rotor lng

sc
5.3.1 Cu trc ca h thng PCSG dng my pht KB-RLS
Xut pht t h thng PCSG minh ha hnh 5.1b, ng thi tm b qua

cha xt n cm c-quy kch t (ch cn thit khi vn hnh ch c o),
ta c th xy dng c cu trc khi qut ca h nh hnh 5.14. Trn c s
cu trc ta c 2 nhn xt sau y:
H thng c cu trc ging ht nh cu trc h truyn ng in s dng

ng c loi KB-RLS.
Ta c th s dng chung mt phng php m hnh ha v mt phng

php K cho c 2 ch vn hnh ng c hay my pht ca my in.
5.3 Phng php iu khin my pht khng ng b Rotor lng sc
207
Hnh 5.14 Khi qut cu trc h thng PCSG s dng my pht loi KB-RLS
Cu trc ca hnh 5.14 nhc ta ti mt tnh cht ca h truyn ng in

(T): l kh nng iu khin tc (cung cp mmen cho c 2 ch MP
v C) mt cch chnh xc trong ton di tc (trong v ngoi danh nh).
y chnh l c im gi v phng php K my pht loi KB-RLS: Vi
cu trc K ta theo t thng Rotor ca h thng T (hnh 5.15) v gi tr t
*
mG
mang du ngc vi du ca vn tc gc , h thng s lun hot ng
ch phanh hm. Ni mt cch khc, vi phng thc K ny dng nng
lng s lun chy t Rotor v pha li: Chng ta khai thc in t sc gi.
Hnh 5.15 Cu trc iu khin ta theo t thng Rotor my pht KB-RLS: Gi tr

*
ca mmen phi mang du ngc vi du ca vn tc gc
t mG
208
5.3.2 Cu trc iu khin tuyn tnh pha my pht
Cu trc K c gii thiu hnh 5.15 chnh l cu trc K tuyn tnh ca

MP. Cn phi nhn mnh thm: Cu trc k tha cc tng ca cu trc
K truyn ng in s dng ng c KB-RLS c trnh by kh k trong
ti liu [7].
5.3.2.1
Xut pht im ca m hnh l hai phng trnh in p stator v in p

rotor vit trn chnh h thng cun dy stator v rotor, tc l vit trn h ta
c nh vi stator v trn rotor.
T ta c:
Phng trnh in p stator (trn h thng cun dy stator)

d ss
dt
Rs: in tr Stator; ss : T thng Stator
u ss = Rs i ss +
Phng trnh in p rotor (trn h thng cun dy rotor ngn mch)

drr
0=
+
dt
Rr: in tr Rotor; rr : T thng Rotor; 0: Vector rng
Rr i rr
(5.48)
Phng trnh t thng

s = Ls i s + Lm i r
vi
r = Lm i s + Lr i r
Ls = Lm + L s
Lr = Lm + Lr
(5.49)
(5.50)
Lm: H cm; Ls, Lr: in cm pha Stator, pha Rotor

Ls, Lr: in cm tn pha Stator, pha Rotor
Do my in c kt cu c hc i xng, cc gi tr in cm trn mi h ta
l nh nhau. V vy, trong (5.50) ta khng cn s dng n cc ch s vit
bn phi trn cao na. m t y i tng my in KB-RLS ta cn
phi b xung thm hai phng trnh c sau y.
Phng trnh mmen quay

3
3
mM = z p s i s sign (sin s ) = z p r i r sign (sin r )
2
2
3
3
mM = z p Im {*s i s } = z p Im { s i*s }
2
2
Phng trnh chuyn ng
J d
mM = mW +
z p dt
mM, mW: Mmen ca my in, mmen cn; zp: S i cc
J: Mmen qun tnh; : Tc gc c hc (ca Rotor)
(5.51)
(5.52)
(5.53)
209
Trn h ta ta theo t thng Rotor (T4R, Rotor Flux Orientation), h ta

dq, c trc thc d trng vi trc ca vector t thng Rotor r , ta c th bin
i t cc phng trnh trn thu c h sau y:
di
1
1
1 /
1
1
/
sd
isd + s isq +
usd
=
+
+
rd +
rq
T
dt
Tr
Tr
Ls
s
di
1
1
1
1 /
1
sq
/
isq
= s isd
+
+
rd
rq +
usq
dt
Tr
Tr
Ls
Ts
(5.54)
d /
1
1
/
/
rd
= isd rd
+ (s ) rq
dt
Tr
Tr
/
drq
1
1 /
/
= isq (s ) rd
rq
Tr
Tr
dt
/
/
= rd Lm ; rq
= rq Lm ; s = r . Mmen biu din trong
Trong : rd
(5.51) v (5.52) lc ny c dng:
L2 /
3
3
/
mM = z p m rd
isq = z p (1 ) Ls rd
isq
Lr
2
2
(5.55)
Ngoi ra ta cn c:
rd ( s) =
Lm
isd
1 + sTr
(5.56)
Chng ta u bit: Cng sut hu cng P c tnh t cng thc P = mM .

T , pt. (5.55) cho ta thy: C th s dng thnh phn dng isq lm bin K
mmen mM, tc l K cng sut P. Cn K dng isq sao cho mM cng hoc khc
du vi l ta c th p t c ch vn hnh ng c (cng du) hay
my pht (khc du) cho my in KB-RLS. Thm vo , cng thc (5.56)
ch ra tc dng to t thng ca thnh phn dng isd, minh chng vai tr K
thnh phn cng sut v cng Q ca isd.
M hnh (5.54) c th c biu din di dng m hnh trng thi lin tc
(xem [7]) v sau khi gin on ha ta thu c m hnh trng thi gin on
trn h ta dq phc v thit k sau y:
x (k + 1) = x (k ) + H u s (k )
(5.57)
/
/
, rq
; u T = usd , usq . Hai ma trn v H c dng sau:
vi: x T = isd , isq , rd
1 T
1
1 T 1 + 1
T
T
s
Ts
Tr
Tr
T
T 1 1
1
1 T
s

s T
T
1 +
12
Ts
Tr 11
Tr
; H = 0
=
=
22
21
T
T
s ) T
0
1
(
0
Tr
Tr
T
T
( s ) T
0
1
Tr
Tr
Hnh 5.16 minh ha cu trc ca m hnh (5.57).
T
= 1
Ls H2

0
0
(5.58)
210
Hnh 5.16 Cu trc m hnh trng thi gin on biu din di dng ma trn con
(a) ca my in KB-RLS, tch ra thnh m hnh dng Stator (b) v m
hnh t thng Rotor (c)
5.3.2.2
iu khin cch ly P v Q bng b iu khin dng 2 chiu
Nh trn kt lun: Hai thnh phn dng isd v isq chnh l hai i lng
K cng sut hu cng P v v cng Q. T d dng thy rng, K cch ly
P v Q, ta cn phi thc hin mt khu C tch knh hai thnh phn dng isd
v isq. chnh l gii php c trnh by qua cu trc hnh 5.15. Xut
pht im thit k khu C vector dng RI l m hnh dng Stator hnh
5.16b.
Gi thit rng y l i lng u ra thc s ca khu C RI, khi ta c
hm t cho khu c dng sau.
u s (k ) = H1 y (k 1) 12 r/ (k )
(5.59)
/
1
u s (k + 1) = H y (k ) 12 r (k + 1)
Trong (5.59), biu thc c cha y(k-1) th hin rt r qua (k-1), rng khi
tnh in p us(k) ca chu k hin ti, ta s dng i lng u ra y(k-1) ca
chu k trc, tc l xt c hin tng hardware lm tr mt nhp tnh trong
hm t ca khu C. Biu thc th 2 ca (5.59) cha 12 r/ (k ) c nhim v
b thnh phn ph thuc t thng rotor. M hnh dng b c dng sau:
i s (k + 1) =11 i s (k ) + y (k 1)
(5.60)
Trn min nh z:
[ z I 11 ]i s (z) = z1 y (z)
(5.61)
211
Hnh 5.17 minh ha m hnh dng b t thng, xut pht im ca tt c

cc thit k C dng di y.
Hnh 5.17 M hnh dng Stator c b nhiu t thng Rotor
Thit k u tin c thc hin theo phng n phn hi vector bin ra

(hnh 5.18) vi m hnh i tng dng (5.60), (5.61) v hnh 5.17. Ty theo
iu kin thc tin v dl module ca bin K (di in p UDC) ta c th s
dng mt trong cc kt qu:
Khu C kiu Dead-Beat (p ng t c sau 2 chu k trch mu):
I z111
RI =
1 z2
Khu C c p ng vi tc hu hn (sau 3 chu k trch mu):

1
1
1 (1 + z ) I z
RI =
2 1 1 z2 + z3
(
)
2
(5.62)
(5.63)
Khu C c p ng vi tc hu hn (sau 4 chu k trch mu):

1
2
1
1 (1 + z + z ) I z
RI =
3 1 1 z2 + z3 + z4
(
)
3
(5.64)
Hnh 5.18 Cu trc khu iu chnh tch knh dng Stator kiu phn hi u ra
212
Ti liu [7] trnh by kh k v phng php ng dng cc b C dng

(5.62), (5.63) v (5.64). Ngoi thit k c phn hi u ra, m hnh dng (5.60)
thc cht l mt m hnh trng thi, v vy ta c th s dng thit k vi phn
hi is vi vai tr vector trng thi (hnh 5.19).
Hnh 5.19 Cu trc khu iu chnh tch knh dng Stator kiu phn hi trng thi
Trong cu trc C trn khng gian trng thi hnh 5.19, ta s thu c c
im ng hc tt nht khi gn cc im cc ca h ti gc ta trn min
nh z (c im Dead-Beat). Cc phn t ca khu C c tnh theo:
Ma trn phn hi trng thi K: Xc nh v tr im cc v do c

ngha quyt nh ti c im ng hc v kh nng tch knh ng.
K = z 11
Ma trn tin x l V: Xc nh im cng tc v do c ngha quyt

nh ti kh nng tch knh tnh. Gi vai tr phi hp th nguyn gia
gi tr t v bin K ca i tng.
V=I
(5.65)
(5.66)
Khu C tch phn RI: C tc dng kh sai lch tnh (ti liu [7]).
5.3.3 Cu trc iu khin phi tuyn pha my pht
Ging nh MP loi KB-RDQ, hai cu trc hnh 5.18 v 5.19 c thit k

trn c s m hnh dng tuyn tnh hnh 5.16b, thu c nh php tuyn
tnh ha trong phm vi mt chu k trch mu thc hin vi iu kin s =
const trong phm vi mt chu k trch mu. khc phc nhc im ca gii
php tuyn tnh khi h thng PCSG c vn hnh cc ch m iu kin
trn khng tha mn (cc ch khi xy ra s c li), ta thc hin cc thit k
K phi tuyn.
5.3.3.1
213
c im phi tuyn ca m hnh
Theo phng trnh (5.54), my in KB-RLS c th c m t y trn

h ta dq (h ta T4R) nh sau:

/
/
isd = a isd + s isq + brd
+ crq
+ d usd

/
/
isq = s isd a isq crd + brq + d usq

/
isd rd
/
/
+ (s ) rq
rd =
Tr
Tr

/
/ = isq / rq
(5.67)
( s
) rd
rq
Tr
Tr

s = s

=

z p (mM mW )
=
J
/
/
= rd Lm , rq
= rq Lm , s = r v a = 1 (Ts ) + (1 ) (Tr ),
Vi: rd
b = (1 ) (Tr ), c = (1 ) , d = 1 Ls (ch : a, b, c, d ch c ngha ti mc
ny). Ngoi c im cu trc phi tuyn ging m hnh (5.33), th hin qua cc
thnh phn l tch gia hai bin trng thi isd, isq vi bin vo s. M hnh (5.67)
cn c c im tham s phi tuyn, th hin qua ng c tnh t ha
/
Lm = Lm (rd
) . Thot nhn, vic p dng TTHCX dng nh l khng th v l
do: m hnh phn in ca my pht KB-RLS l mt m hnh bc 4 vi hai

thnh phn t thng l cc bin trng thi khng o c. Vy m theo hnh
5.10, TTHCX ta cn bit chnh xc tt c cc bin trng thi ca m hnh
gc. Tuy nhin, v t thng rotor l i lng bin thin chm, ta c th coi hai
thnh phn ca t thng l cc tham s (hay: l i lng nhiu hng) v ch p
dng TTHCX cho phn m hnh dng ca my pht.
5.3.3.2
iu khin cch ly P v Q bng cu trc thit k theo phng php tuyn

tnh ha chnh xc (Exact Linearization)
iu kin TTHCX ca my in KB-RLS c chng minh trong hai ti

liu [8], [9]. Vn dng nh ngha ca cc vector x, u v y tng t nh trong
cng thc (5.34) v vi:
/
d
0
x2
ax1 + brd

/
f ( x ) = ax2 c rd ; h1 = 0 ; h2 = d ; h 3 ( x ) = x1
(5.68)

0
0
1
ta s d dng dn dt c hm K chuyn ta trng thi sau y:
214
u1

u2 =

u
3
N
u
a x d b / d 1 d 0 x d w
1
rd

2
1

/
a x2 d + c rd d + 0 1 d x1 d w2

0
0
1 w3

N

a( x )
L1( x )
(5.69)
Vi hm K (5.69) ta c th xy dng cu trc K phi tuyn trn c s

phng php TTHCX nh trong hnh 5.20.
Hnh 5.20 Cu trc C phi tuyn dng Stator s dng TTHCX (cn gi l cu trc
tch knh trc tip), thay th vng C tuyn tnh hnh 5.15
Ging nh trng hp MP loi KB-RDQ (mc 5.2.4.4), ta cng c th s

dng phng php cun chiu (Backstepping, xem ti liu [3], [4]) thit k
vng C dng Stator. Tuy nhin, vic i su trnh by phng php ti y
s lm bng n kch c ca bo co ny. V l do y, ai quan tm c th xem
thm cc ti liu lin quan.

[1]
Erich Hau: Windkraftanlagen Grundlagen, Technik, Einsatz, Wirtschaftlichkeit. Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; London; Paris; Tokyo:
Springer Verlag 1996
[2]
Horst Crom: Handbuch Windenergietechnik. kobuch, Staufen bei

Freiburgm 2000
215
[3]
L Anh Tun, Nguyn Phng Quang: Tng hp b iu khin phi tuyn

cho ng c d b Rotor lng sc bng phng php Backstepping. Tp
ch T ng ha ngy nay, s 1+2(41-42)2004, tr. 43 49
[4]
Nguyn Phng Quang, L Anh Tun: V trin vng s dng phng php
Backstepping thit k khu iu chnh phi tuyn cho ng c khng
ng b Rotor lng sc. Tuyn tp hi ngh ton quc ln 2 v C in t
(Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference on Mechatronics), TP H Ch
Minh 05/2004, tr. 66 73
[5]
Nguyn Phng Quang; A. Dittrich; A. Thieme: Doubly-fed induction

machine as generator: control algorithms with decoupling of torque and
power factor. Electrical Engineering / Archiv fr Elektrotechnik, 10/1997,
pp. 325-335
[6]
Nguyn Phng Quang: My in d b ngun kp dng lm my pht

trong h thng pht in chy sc gi: Cc thut ton iu chnh bo
m phn ly gia mmen v h s cng sut. The 3rd Vietnam
Conference on Automation (3rd VICA), H Ni 4/1998, Tuyn tp hi ngh
ton quc ln 3 v T ng ha, tr. 413-437
[7]
Nguyn Phng Quang; A. Dittrich: Truyn ng in thng minh. Nh

xut bn Khoa hc K thut, 2002, ti bn: 6/2005, 10/2006
[8]
Nguyn Phng Quang: Nichtlineare Regelstrukturen - Neue Anwendungsperspektiven in Drehstromantriebssystemen. antriebstechnik 43 (2004)
Nr. 7, S. 42 47
[9]
Nguyn Phng Quang: Nonlinear Control Structures: New Application

Perspective in 3-Phase AC Drives. Proc. of the 8th Intern. Conf. on
Mechatronics Technology ICMT 2004, November 8-12, 2004, Hanoi, pp.
213 219
[10] Cao Xun Tuyn, Nguyn Phng Quang: Cc thut ton phi tuyn trn c
s k thut Backstepping iu khin my in d b ngun kp trong h
thng pht in chy sc gi. The 6th Vietnam Conference on Automation
(6th VICA). H Ni 4/2005, Hi ngh ton quc ln 6 v T ng ha, tr.
545 550
[11] Nguyn Quang Tun, Phm L Chi, Nguyn Phng Quang: Cu trc tch
knh trc tip iu khin h thng my pht in khng ng b ngun
kp. Chuyn san K thut iu khin t ng, s 6(2)2005, tr. 28 35,
tp ch T ng ha ngy nay
[12] Nguyn Quang Tun, Phm L Chi: Xy dng cu trc iu khin h
thng my pht in khng ng b ngun kp tch knh trc tip,
kim chng bng m phng trn nn MATLAB & Simulink v PLECS.
n tt nghip K45, HBK H Ni, 5/2005
216
[13] L B Yn, Ng Vn Tnh: Xy dng cu trc h thng iu khin khng

nhiu li, nng cao tnh bn vng ngn mch cho my pht in khng
ng b ngun kp c tch knh trc tip. n tt nghip K46, HBK
H Ni, 5/2006
[14] Nguyn Phng Quang, A. Dittrich, Phng Ngc Ln: Doubly-Fed Induction
Machine as Generator in Wind Power Plant: Nonlinear Control
Algorithms with Direct Decoupling. Intern. Conf. CD Proc. of 11th
European Conf. on Power Electronics and Applications, 11-14 Sept. 2005
Dresden, Germany (in li: Chuyn san K thut iu khin t ng, s
12(3)2005, tr. 22 28, tp ch T ng ha ngy nay)
[15] Phng Ngc Ln, Nguyn Phng Quang, Peter Bchner: A Non-linear
Control Algorithm for Improving Performance of Wind Generator Using
Doubly-Fed Induction Generator. Europe Wind Energy Conference
Athens, 26th February 2nd March 2006
[16] Cao Xun Tuyn, Nguyn Phng Quang: Kt qu thc nghim iu khin
my in khng ng b ngun kp trong h thng pht in chy sc
gi p dng phng php thit k phi tuyn backstepping. Chuyn san
K thut iu khin t ng, s 12(5)2006, tr. 3 12, tp ch T ng
ha ngy nay
[17] Cao Xun Tuyn: Tng hp cc thut ton phi tuyn trn c s k thut
Backstepping, iu khin my in d b ngun kp trong h thng pht
in chy sc gi. Bn tho lun vn Tin s, HBK H Ni, 2007
[18] Peter M.M. Bongers: Modeling and Identification of Flexible Wind
Turbines and a Factorization Approach to Robust Control. PhD Thesis,
Delft University of Technology, 1994
[19] Nguyn Don Phc, Phan Xun Minh, Hn Thnh Trung: L thuyt iu
khin phi tuyn. NXB Khoa hc & K thut, H Ni, 2003
6 Phng php iu khin my pht ng b kch thch

vnh cu
6.1 Khi qut v my pht ng b kch thch vnh cu

Nu trong trng hp MP loi KB (hnh 5.1) ta phi to t thng Rotor
(kch t) trc khi khai thc nng lng t sc gi. Vic kch t hoc thc
hin nh ngun in t li (trng hp vn hnh c ha li), hoc nh cquy to dng kch ban u (trng hp vn hnh ch c o). Trng hp
my pht ng b kch thch vnh cu (B-KTVC) li hon ton khc: T thng
tn ti sn sng nh h thng nam chm vnh cu dn trn b mt Rotor. V
vy, ch cn MP quay l ti cc cc ni ra ca MP xut hin in p v MP c
th c s dng trong cc h thng PCSG theo mt trong hai phng n sau:
S dng mt khu chnh lu (CL) n gin pha my pht nh hnh

6.1a.
S dng mt khu nghch lu pha my pht (NLMP) nh hnh 6.1b.
Hnh 6.1 My pht ng b kch thch vnh cu c th c s dng theo 1 trong 2

phng n: a) in p MP c chnh lu n gin; b) in p MP c
chnh lu c K ty theo sc tiu th nh NL pha MP
Khi s dng hai phng n hnh 6.1 ta cn phi phn bit gia cc c cng
sut v ch vn hnh h thng PCSG:
Cng sut c ln (>50kW): c cng sut ny, h thng PCSG bao gi

cng c thit k phc v cho ch vn hnh c ha li. Ngha l:
Kh nng tiu th P lun bo m, ng thi nng lng do Turbine ly
vo t ngun gi c th K ch ng c (nh h thng K gc cnh
c lp, cho php thay i tc quay, hnh 5.2). Do ta c th s
218
6 Phng php iu khin my pht ng b kch thch vnh cu
dng 1 trong 2 phng n, chn phng n no cn ch yu ph thuc

vo kh nng u t.
Cng sut c nh (<50kW): c cng sut ny, h thng PCSG cng c

th c thit k phc v cho ch vn hnh c ha li, nhng phn
nhiu nhm vo ch vn hnh c lp (ch c o, khng ha li
in quc gia). ng thi, Turbine c ny khng c h thng K gc cnh
ch ng (bng ng c in), m ch c h thng lt cnh th ng phc
v mc ch bo v an ton khi gi ln. iu ny dn n mt thc t: Ta
khng th K dng nng lng ly vo v dng nng lng tiu th li lc
mnh lc yu. Do , khc phc ta s phi c gii php thch hp.
6.2 iu khin my pht B-KTVC cng sut nh, vn hnh ch

c o
Nh trn phn tch: Trong trng hp ny ta buc phi tiu th ton b
nng lng m Turbine thu thp c t gi (nhm to tc dng phanh hm an
ton cho Turbine), v do phi s dng phng n CL n gin hnh 6.1a.
Vic chn phng n hnh 6.1b (phng n cho php K dng nng lng ly
vo nh NLMP) s l mt s lng ph. Cu trc hnh 6.1a s phi c b
sung thm nh hnh 6.2a.
Hnh 6.2 a) H thng PCSG dng MP loi B-KTVC cng vi b CL n gin nn

phi c thm mch ti gi (Dump Load); b) S chi tit ca mch ti gi
Trong trng hp mt cn bng gia nng lng do Turbine ly vo v nng

lng tiu th pha ph ti, khin cho:
tc quay ca Turbine c nguy c tng cao, v
in p UDC ca mch DC trung gian (Bus Voltage) tng nguy him cho
cc van.
Khi y DSP s kch hot mch ti gi ly li s cn bng cn thit, bo

m an ton cho Turbine v cc van bn dn. i lng cn c K n nh
6.2 iu khin my pht B-KTVC cng sut nh, vn hnh ch c o
219
chnh l in p UDC ca mch DC trung gian. S ca mch ti gi (hnh

6.2b) c cp n hnh 4.3. Vic K in tr ti gi c thc hin
theo nguyn l iu ch b rng xung (Pulse Width Modulation) n gin vi
vng C kiu 2 im, ci t trn DSP. S mch lc ca h thng hnh 4.1
c b sung thm hnh 6.3.
Hnh 6.3 H thng PCSG vi dn c-quy (c b K np) v mch ti gi mc xen

gia CL v NL
Vic K pha my pht lc ny quy v K phi hp hot ng gia cc b

phn nh h thng lu in, mch ti gi v NL nui li ph ti thc (hnh
6.3) do PLC S7-200 ca Siemens m nhim thuc v nhim v K cp hin
trng (mc 3.1.1.2 v 3.1.3). Nhim v c thc hin trn c s cc
nguyn tc sau:
Dng ti ca MP bao gm: 1. dng chy v pha NL cung cp cho ti

hu ch, v 2. dng np c-quy. Cn K phn b dng ti sao cho c
th tn dng ton b nng lng t MP a ti (cn bng gia nng lng
cung v nng lng cu).
Khi gia nng lng cung v cu mt cn bng, dn n UDC tng (khu

o UDC s pht hin iu ny), ti gi s c kch hot K gi n nh
cho UDC.
220
Cu trc ca h thng PCSG s dng MP loi B-KTVC cng sut nh

c minh ha d hiu hnh 6.4 di y. Trong , vn iu khin NLPL
c trnh by k mc 3.1.4.
Hnh 6.4 Khi qut cu trc h thng PCSG s dng MP loi B-KTVC cng sut
nh nh h thng ca ti KC.06.20CN
6.3 iu khin my pht B-KTVC cng sut ln, vn hnh ch

ha li
Trc ht cn xc nh r: Do cc MP c cng sut ln u c trang b h
thng ch ng K gc cnh, ngha l: Ta c th ch ng K tc quay ca
Turbine, ch ng K dng nng lng Turbine ly vo thch hp vi mc ti
m li c th tiu th. V vy ta c th s dng 1 trong 2 phng n gii thiu
hnh 6.1 m khng cn n gii php Dump Load nh mc 6.2:
Phng n hnh 6.1a: Bi ton K quy v ch cn duy nht vic iu

khin NL pha li. Vn ny c trnh by k mc 5.2.5.
Phng n hnh 6.1b: Bi ton K bao gm 2 phn iu khin NL pha

li v pha MP. Vn iu khin NL pha li c trnh by k
mc 5.2.5, ch cn vn iu khin pha MP.
V l va nu, mc 6.3 s ch tp trung vo trnh by cc vn lin quan ti

iu khin NL pha MP.
6.3.1 M hnh ton ca my pht B-KTVC
Khc vi MP loi KB, MP loi B-KTVC cc trn c t thng nh sn, to
nn bi cc nam chm vnh cu (sn xut t cc loi vt liu Ferrit, AlNiCo,
SmCo5, NdFeB) b tr u trn b mt ca rotor MP. Nh t thng rotor
(cn gi l t thng cc) lun c phn cc, c trc nh hng nht qun, r
rng. Nu s dng mt khu o gc (v d: resolver, Encoder c xung khng) ta
6.3 iu khin my pht B-KTVC cng sut ln, vn hnh ch ha li
221
lun c th xc nh chnh xc v tr t thng cc v nh bo m ta hng

chnh xc. i vi MP loi B c kch thch vnh cu, cc khi nim ta hng
t thng rotor, ta hng t thng cc hay ta hng rotor ch l mt. M
hnh ca MP c xy dng trn h ta t thng dq.
6.3.1.1
M hnh trng thi lin tc
Phng trnh (5.1) l phng trnh in p stator tng qut, c hiu lc cho
mi loi my in t trng quay. Phng trnh c hiu lc c cho trng
hp my in B-KTVC. Ta li hnh dung ra mt h ta c hai trc dq, quay
vi vn tc gc , tc l vi s. i vi my in B-KTVC v s ch l mt,
iu y c ngha l: h ta khng ch quay ng b vi vector t thng, h
cn ng yn so vi rotor. Nu ta chn v tr ca h sao cho trc thc d trng
vi trc ca t thng cc, khi y h ta mi chn chnh l h ta T4R.
Nu tm cch chuyn phng trnh (5.1) t h thng ba cun dy pha ca
stator sang h ta ng b t thng ta s thu c:
d s
(6.1)
u s = Rs i s +
+ js s
dt
Quan h gia t thng stator v rotor c m t nh sau:
s = Ls i s + p
(6.2)
Trong (6.2) p l vector t thng cc. V trc d ca h ta trng vi trc
ca t thng cc, thnh phn vung gc (thnh phn trc q) ca p s bng
khng. Vy l, vector t thng cc ch c duy nht thnh phn thc p. T ta
thu c:
p = pd + j pq = p ; pq = 0
(6.3)
Ngoi ra, mc d rotor c cu trc cc trn, do hn ch ca cng ngh ch
to, vn lun tn ti khe h gia hai nam chm trn b mt rotor. V vy, nu
o in cm cun dy stator ta s thu c hai kt qu khc nhau Lsd (khi o
v tr nh cc, dc theo trc d) v Lsq (khi o v tr ngang cc, v tr khe h
gia hai nam chm, dc theo trc q). T ta c phng trnh cc thnh phn
t thng:
sd = Lsd isd + p
(6.4)
sq = Lsq isq
Thay hai phng trnh (6.4) vo (6.1) s thu c:
di
usd = Rs isd + Lsd sd s Lsq isq
dt
(6.5)
disq
+ s Lsd isd + s p
usq = Rs isq + Lsq
dt
T phng trnh mmen tng qut (5.4) ca my in t trng quay ta c:

3
mM = z p (sd isq sq isd )
(6.6)
2
222
Sau khi thay (6.4) vo (6.6) ta tip tc thu c phng trnh tnh mmen
quay ca my in B-KTVC.
3
mM = z p p isq + isd isq ( Lsd Lsq )
(6.7)
Theo (6.7), mmen quay ca my in B-KTVC bao gm hai thnh phn:

thnh phn chnh p isq v thnh phn phn khng do chnh lch ( Lsd Lsq )
gy nn. Khi xy dng h thng C kiu T4R ta s phi iu khin vector dng
stator is sao cho vector dng ng vung gc vi t thng cc, v do khng
c thnh phn dng t ha m ch c thnh phn dng to mmen quay. Vy l
isd bng khng v ta thu c phng trnh mmen ging phng trnh (5.55)
ca my in KB-RLS.
3
mM = z p p isq
(6.8)
2
Ta vit li phng trnh (6.5) nh sau:
Lsq
disd
1
1
isd + s
isq +
usd
=
Tsd
Lsd
Lsd
dt
(6.9)
disq
p
Lsd
1
1
isd
isq +
usq s
= s
dt
L
T
L
Lsq
sq
sq
sq
hoc di dng m hnh trng thi lin tc:

di s
= A i s + B u s + N i s s + S p s
(6.10)
dt
1
1
0
Tsd
Lsd
;B=
Trong : A =
1
0
Tsq
Tsd = Lsd Rs ; Tsq = Lsq Rs
6.3.1.2
0
0
; N =
1
Lsd
L
Lsq
sq
Lsq
Lsd
; S = 1
Lsq
0
Ta coi p l tham s h thng (do tnh cht hng ca p) v vit li (6.10) nh

sau:
di s
= A i s + B* v + N i s s
dt
Vi: v = usd , usq , s ; B* = B , S p
(6.11)
Theo [4], c th s dng php tch phn lp (Iterative Integration) i vi m

hnh (6.11) thu c m hnh gin on sau y:
i s (k + 1) = i s (k ) + H* v (k )
(6.12)
T
Lsq
T
0
0
1
s T
L
Tsd
Lsd
; H* = sd
Vi: =
T
L
T
T
p
0
s T sd 1
L
L
L
T
sq
sq
sq
sq
6.3 iu khin my pht B-KTVC cng sut ln, vn hnh ch ha li
223
Ta tch ma trn u vo H* nh sau:

T
0
0
L
sd
; h = s T
H* = [ H , h ]; H =
(6.13)
T
Lsq
0
L
sq
Sau khi tch ta thu c m hnh trng thi gin on, ng thi l m hnh
dng ca my in B-KTVC, minh ha hnh 6.5.
Hnh 6.5 M hnh trng thi gin on,

ng thi l m hnh dng
Stator ca MP loi B-KTVC
6.3.2 Cu trc iu khin tuyn tnh
Cu trc khi qut ca h thng cng ging nh i vi MP loi KB-RLS

m t hnh 5.14. Xut pht:
t c im kch thch vnh cu vi p = const v vy khng cn kch

thch MP do isd = 0, v
t pt. (6.8) ta thy vai tr K cng sut hu cng P ly t MP ca isq,
c th kt lun: Cu trc K tuyn tnh ca pha MP s c dng ging nh

hnh 5.15 vi hai im khc duy nht.
Khu C t thng l khng cn thit.
Khu m hnh t thng cng khng cn thit.
Thm vo , cu trc m hnh dng hnh 6.5 ca MP loi B-KTVC ging

nh cu trc hnh 5.16b ca MP loi KB-RLS. T ta khng nh: C th
s dng:
Gii php b nhiu t thng p nh hnh 5.17,
khu C tch knh kiu phn hi u ra nh hnh 5.18 vi mt trong cc

thit k (5.62), (5.63) v (5.64), hoc
khu C tch knh kiu phn hi trng thi nh hnh 5.19.
C th tra cu k trong ti liu [4].
224
6.3.3 Cu trc iu khin phi tuyn
Vi l do nh u mc 5.3.3 nu, trong nhiu ch vn hnh ca MP

gii php K phi tuyn s gip khc phc cc nhc im ca gii php K
tuyn tnh. My pht B-KTVC c m t trn h ta dq trong pt. (6.9) vi
= s. C th thy rt r c im cu trc phi tuyn ca m hnh (6.9) qua
cc thnh phn l tch gia hai bin trng thi isd, isq vi bin vo s.
Do c im kch thch vnh cu, m hnh phn in ca MP thc cht ch l
m hnh dng stator vi iu kin TTHCX c chng minh trong hai ti
liu [5], [6]. T (6.9) v vi nh ngha ca cc vector x, u v y nh ti cc cng
thc (5.34), (5.68) ta c:
x1 isd
u1 usd
y1 g1 ( x ) x1

x = x2 = isq ; u = u2 = usq ; y = y2 = g2 ( x ) = x2

x3 s
u3 s
y3 g3 ( x ) x3
x1 Tsd
1 Lsd
0
x2 Lsq Lsd
f ( x ) = x2 Tsq ; h1 = 0 ; h 2 = 1 Lsq ; h2 ( x ) = x1 Lsd Lsq p Lsq
0
0
0
1
(6.14)
Hm K chuyn ta trng thi c dng nh di y:
u1
x1 Lsd Tsd Lsd 0
Lsq x2 w1

u2 = x2 Lsq Tsq + 0 Lsq Lsd x1 + p w2
(6.15)

0
w
0
0
1
3
3

N

N
u
a( x )
L1( x )
Vi hm K (6.15) ta c th xy dng cu trc K phi tuyn trn c s

phng php TTHCX nh hnh sau.
Hnh 6.6 Cu trc C phi tuyn dng Stator d dng TTHCX, thay th vng C
tuyn tnh
225

[1]
Erich Hau: Windkraftanlagen Grundlagen, Technik, Einsatz, Wirtschaftlichkeit. Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; London; Paris; Tokyo:
Springer Verlag 1996
[2]
Horst Crom: Handbuch Windenergietechnik. kobuch, Staufen bei

Freiburgm 2000
[3]
Peter M.M. Bongers: Modeling and Identification of Flexible Wind

Turbines and a Factorization Approach to Robust Control. PhD Thesis,
Delft University of Technology, 1994
[4]
Nguyn Phng Quang; A. Dittrich: Truyn ng in thng minh. Nh

xut bn Khoa hc K thut, 2002, ti bn: 6/2005, 10/2006
[5]
Nguyn Th Cng: V trin vng ca phng php tuyn tnh ha chnh

xc iu khin ng c ng b kch thch vnh cu. Lun vn Cao
hc, H K thut cng nghip Thi Nguyn, 2003
[6]
Nguyn Th Cng, Nguyn Phng Quang: ng dng phng php tuyn

tnh ha chnh xc trong iu khin ng c ng b kch thch vnh
cu. Chuyn san K thut iu khin t ng, s 11(1)2004, tr. 39 46,
tp ch T ng ha ngy nay
[7]
Nguyn Phng Quang: Nichtlineare Regelstrukturen - Neue Anwendungsperspektiven in Drehstromantriebssystemen. antriebstechnik 43 (2004)
Nr. 7, S. 42 47
[8]
Nguyn Phng Quang: Nonlinear Control Structures: New Application

Perspective in 3-Phase AC Drives. Proc. of the 8th Intern. Conf. on
Mechatronics Technology ICMT 2004, November 8-12, 2004, Hanoi, pp.
213 219
[9]
Nguyn Don Phc, Phan Xun Minh, Hn Thnh Trung: L thuyt iu

khin phi tuyn. NXB Khoa hc & K thut, H Ni, 2003
7 Chn on gim st t xa thc trng vn hnh h

thng thit b iu khin
Cu trc c bn ca h thng pht in sc gi thuc ti KC.06.20CN

c m t hnh 7.1. Ngoi chc nng thc hin cc thut ton iu khin,
phc v mc ch chn on tnh trng vn hnh ca h thng, DSP
TMS320F2812 cn thu thp v lu tr cc d liu v dng in xoay chiu ba
pha ca MP, dng in pha s cp my bin p, cng vi dng v p mt chiu
UDC ca mch mt chiu trung gian (DC bus). Khi c nhu cu phn tch v gim
st tnh trng vn hnh ca h thng, cc d liu ny s c truyn ln my
tnh thng qua PLC S7-200 vi mi trng truyn thng l ng in thoi.
Hnh 7.1 Cu trc c bn ca h thng PCSG thuc ti KC.06.20CN
Vi cu trc nh hnh 7.1, nhng li nghim trng c th xy ra trong h

thng pht in sc gi bao gm:
Li pha MP: ngn mch cc pha ca MP, chm t, mt pha do chy cu

ch bo v.
Li pha mch mt chiu trung gian: ngn mch DC bus, DC bus chm
t.
Li cc van bn dn nh: ngn mch, h mch cc diode chnh lu; ngn

mch, h mch cc van IGBT trong b NL.
Li ngn mch, chm t cc pha ca my bin p.
Li cc thit b o, thit b iu khin.
228
7 Chn on gim st t xa thc trng vn hnh h thng thit b iu khin
Ngoi ra, c th k n cc li xy ra bn trong MP, bn trong my bin p

nh li ngn mch mt s bi dy trong mt pha hay gia cc pha, li lch trc
rotor ca my pht.
7.1 Chn on li pha nghch lu
7.1.1 p ng dng in khi h mch iu khin mt van IGBT

Li h mch iu khin mt van IGBT cng ging nh li c tn hiu iu
khin ti van nhng van khng m (turn on). Khi li h mch iu khin mt
van IGBT xy ra, van li khng th dn in nn dng in ca pha c van b
li ch xut hin thnh phn dng hoc m ty thuc vo van IGBT ni vi cc
m ca DC bus hay van IGBT c ni ln cc dng ca DC bus b li.
Hnh 7.2 p ng dng in khi h mch iu khin van IGBT
Hnh 7.1 minh ha li h mch iu khin van IGBT T1 thng qua m kha
F5. V T1 khng m nn dng in khng th i t cc dng ca DC bus qua
pha a s cp ca bin p, dng in pha a s bng khng trong mt na chu k
(hnh 7.2).
Vect dng in i, dng in u ra ca nghch lu cng chnh l dng ba
pha pha s cp bin p, c biu din trn h ta c nh :
i (t ) = i (t ) + ji (t) =
2
i (t ) + aib (t ) + a2ic (t ) ; a = e j2 / 3
3 a
Mt cch tng qut, thnh phn dng hai trc c tnh:
i (t ) = 2ia (t ) ib (t ) ic (t )
i
=
t
i (t ) ic (t )
(
)
3 b
(7.1)
(7.2)
229
Trng hp c bit, h ba pha l i xng ia (t ) + ib (t ) + ic (t ) = 0 ta c:
i (t ) = ia (t )
(7.3)
i (t ) = 3 i (t ) i (t ) = 3 i (t ) + i (t )
c
b
3 b
3 a
Ta nhn thy rng, khi tt c su van IGBT ca b nghch lu u hot ng

tt, th qu o ca vector dng in pha s cp bin p s to thnh mt
ng trn trn h ta nh trn hnh 7.3a, gc pha ca vector dng in
lun thay i trong sut mt chu k (in). Ngc li, khi c li h mch iu
khin van mt van IGBT T1 hoc T4 thuc pha a s cp bin p v gi thit h
ba pha l i xng, th i (t ) = 0 v i (t ) = ib (t ) 3 trong mt na chu k.
Nn, nghing ca qu o vector dng in:
i (t )
i (t )
(7.4)
s c gi tr = 0. Nh vy, qu o ca vector dng in ba pha pha s

cp bin p trn h ta s ch cn l mt na ng trn. Van IGBT T1 b
li th dng in pha a s cp bin p khng xut hin thnh phn dng, nn
qu o ca vector dng in s cp my bin p l na ng trn nm v
pha m ca trc . Trong khi , van IGBT T4 b li th dng in pha a s cp
bin p khng xut hin thnh phn m, nn qu o ca vector dng in s
cp my bin p l na ng trn nm v pha dng ca trc (hnh 7.3).
Hnh 7.3 Qu o ca vector dng in pha s cp my bin p
Tng t nh trng hp li van IGBT ca pha a, khi c li h mch iu

khin mt van IGBT T3 hoc T6 ca pha b pha s cp bin p, th thnh phn
dng in pha b s bng khng trong mt na chu k, nn phng trnh (7.5)
tha mn trong mt na chu k:
230
i (t ) = 3 i (t )
(7.5)
=
3
V khi li h mch iu khin mt van IGBT thuc pha c pha s cp bin p

(van T5 hoc T2), th nghing c gi tr nh cng thc (7.6) trong mt na
chu k:
i (t ) = 3 i (t )
(7.6)
Quay tr li, xem xt dng in cc pha u ra ca b nghch lu trn h

ta abc, ta li c nhn xt: Khi c li h mch iu khin mt van IGBT,
dng in ca pha c van b li s bng khng trong mt na chu k, hay ch
xut hin na m hoc na dng ty thuc vo van IGBT no trong pha b
li. Nh vy, xut hin thnh phn dng mt chiu IDC (3.7) trong dng in
ca pha c van b li, chnh thnh phn ny cng gy nn s mt cn bng i
vi cc pha cn li (hnh 7.4).
i
1
IvDC =
iv (k)
N k=iN +1
(7.7)
v [ a, b, c ]
Hnh 7.4 Thnh phn mt chiu ca dng in cc pha s cp my bin p khi li

h mch iu khin van IGBT T1
ng thi, bin ca sng c bn I1h ca dng in pha c van IGBT h

mch iu khin s gim mnh, nhng bin sng hi c bn trong cc pha
cn li ch thay i mt lng nh (hnh 7.5). Thnh phn sng c bn ca
dng in c tnh theo thut ton DFT [4] nh sau.
2
2
iv1h (k ) = av1cos
k + bv1sin
k
T
(7.8)
trong :
i
i
2k
2k
2
2
av1 =
iv (k) cos
iv (k) sin
; bv1 =
; v [ a, b, c ]
N
N
N k=iN +1
N k=iN +1
231
Hnh 7.5 Modul thnh phn sng c bn ca cc dng in s cp my bin p khi

h mch iu khin van IGBT T1
7.1.2 p ng dng in khi ngn mch mt van IGBT
Hon ton tng t nh trng hp h mch iu khin van IGBT, khi ngn
mch mt van IGBT th cc p ng dng in, thnh phn dng mt chiu
cng nh sng c bn ca chng cng c xu hng thay i nh trng hp h
mch iu khin (hnh 7.6 v 7.7). V d: Nu h mch iu khin van T1 th
pha a s cp bin p ch c th ni vi cc m ca DC bus khi T4 m. Trong
khi , nu ngn mch T1 th pha a ca s cp bin p li lun c ni vi cc
dng ca DC bus, nn du ca thnh phn dng mt chiu trong hai trng
hp ny l ngc nhau. Nh vy, thnh phn dng mt chiu khi h mch T1
ging vi thnh phn dng mt chiu khi ngn mch T4 v ngc li. iu
cng ng vi cc cp van cn li ca NL. Tuy nhin, khi h mch iu khin
mt van, b NL vn c th tip tc hot ng. nhng khi ngn mch mt van
th s dn n ngn mch DC bus khi van cng nhnh vi van m, vi cc
thit b phn cng bo v qu dng, qu p, khi y b NL s dng hot ng.
Hnh 7.6 p ng dng in cc pha s cp my bin p khi c li ngn mch van

IGBT T1
232
Hnh 7.7 Thnh phn dng mt chiu ca cc pha pha s cp bin p khi ngn
mch IGBT T1
Hnh 7.8 Module ca sng c bn trong cc pha pha s cp bin p khi ngn mch
IGBT T1
Mi quan h gia thnh phn dng mt chiu v sng c bn ca dng in

cc pha cho c hai trng hp h mch iu khin mt van hoc ngn mch
mt van IGBT c tng hp nh trn bng 7.1.
Bng 7.1 Quan h gia thnh phn IDC v I1h ca dng in cc pha my bin
p khi c li mt van IGBT
T1
T4
T4
T1
T3
T6
T6
T3
Van li
h mch hoc
ngn mch
h mch hoc
ngn mch
h mch hoc
ngn mch
h mch hoc
ngn mch
Dng IDC cc pha

IaDC < 0
IbDC > 0
IcDC > 0
IaDC > 0
IbDC < 0
IcDC < 0
IaDC > 0
IbDC < 0
IcDC > 0
IaDC < 0
IbDC > 0
IcDC < 0
Quan h gia IDC v I1h

Ia1h < Ib1h v Ia1h < Ic1h
Ib1h < Ia1h v Ib1h < Ic1h
T2
T5
T5
T2
h mch hoc
ngn mch
h mch hoc
ngn mch
233
IaDC < 0
IbDC < 0
IcDC > 0
IaDC > 0
IbDC > 0
IcDC < 0
Ic1h < Ia1h v Ic1h < Ia1h
7.1.3 Xc nh v tr van IGBT b li
C nhiu phng php chn on li h mch iu khin mt van IGBT ca

b NL c cng b. Ni dung phn ny im li mt s gii php c thut
ton n gin v hiu qu, s c s dng lm tin cho cc phng php
nh v li h mch iu khin cng nh li ngn mch van IGBT c by
trong phn tip theo.
7.1.3.1
Phng php ASVS
Xut pht t c im ca qu o vector dng in u ra NL trn h ta

, ti liu [3] a ra mt phng php nh v v tr van IGBT b h
mch iu khin, phng php ASVS (AC Current Space Vector Trajectory
Slope Method). xc nh b NL c b li h mch iu khin van IGBT hay
khng, ASVS s dng bin chn on l nghing ca qu o vector dng
in trn h ta trong mt na chu k.
i (k) i (k 1)
(7.9)
i (k) i (k 1)
Vi i(k), i(k) l cc gi tr trch mu ca dng in thnh phn v thu

c t cng thc (7.3). Nh trn phn tch, nghing ch nhn mt
trong ba gi tr khi c li h mch iu khin mt van IGBT no ca b
nghch lu.
Bng 7.2 Xc nh pha c IGBT b h mch iu khin
nghing
Pha a
0
Pha b
Pha c
Hnh 7.9 Xc nh cc tnh ca dng in cho phng php ASVS
234
Vi bin chn on li th mi ch ra pha b li, bit chnh xc v tr van

b li, ta cn xt xem dng in ca pha c IGBT h mch iu khin l dng
hay m. Cng vic c th thc hin mt cch d dng bi cc b SchmittTriger nh hnh 7.9. Cc gi tr H1, H2 c chn theo [3]: H1 = 3 v H2 = -1;
Thut ton ca phng php ASVS c tm tt li nh trn bng 7.3.
Phng php ASVS c thut ton n gin. Tuy nhin, ASVS ch ph hp vi
trng hp ti i xng.
Bng 7.3 Thut ton chn on ca phng php ASVS
Van h mch
T1
T4
T3
T6
T5
T2
Sa1
Sa2
1
Sb1
Sb2
Sc1
Sc2
1
1
1
1
Bn cnh , [3] cn ch ra hin tng mt pha (chm t hoc chy cu ch

bo v) hoc sensor o dng ca mt pha khng hot ng nh bng 7.4.
Bng 7.4 Xc nh v tr mt pha hoc sensor o dng b li
Pha li
a
b
Dng in
-H1 < ia < H1
-H1 < ib < H1
-H1 < ic < H1
7.1.3.2
Sa1
0
Sa2
0
Sb1 Sb2 Sc1

0
Sc2
0
0
Phng php NDCCM
Da trn s thay i ca IDC v I1h khi xut hin li h mch iu khin van
IGBT, ti liu [4] a ra mt phng php nh v v tr van IGBT b h mch
iu khin, phng php NDCCM (Normalized DC Current Method), vi bin
chn on li v l thng ca thnh phn dng mt chiu IvDC vi module Iv1h
ca sng bc nht ca pha v (v = a, b, c).
I
v = vDC ; I v1h = av21 + bv21
I v1h
1; v > 0
(7.10)
sv = sign(v ) =
0; v 0
1; v >
mv = modul(v ) =
; = 0.45
0;
v
Gi tr ngng trong cng thc (7.10) c la chn theo kinh nghim [4].
Trong trng hp b NL hot ng bnh thng, thnh phn mt chiu ca cc
pha bng khng nn v ca cc pha cng bng khng. Nhng sau khi c li mt
235
van khng m khi c tn hiu iu khin m, gi tr thnh phn mt chiu

ca pha c van li s tng mnh vi du m hoc dng ty thuc vo van
thuc nhnh van ni vi cc dng hay m ca DC bus. Trong khi , bin
ca sng c bn ca pha li gim, nn v ca pha c van li s tng ng k.
Bng cch so snh |v| vi ngng , ta s bit c nghch lu hot ng bnh
thng hay c li, v ch ra v tr van li bng cch xt n du ca v nh
trong bng 7.5.
Bng 7.5 nh v v tr van IGBT b h mch iu khin
Van h mch
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
sa
0
0
1
1
1
0
sb
1
0
0
0
1
1
sc
1
1
1
0
0
0
ma
1
0
0
1
0
0
mb
0
0
1
0
0
1
mc
0
1
0
0
1
0
So snh vi cc phng php chn on li h mch iu khin van IGBT

c cng b trong nhiu ti liu, phng php NCDCM c u im vt tri:
C th chn on li ngay c khi dng in rt nh v khng b nh hng
trong ch ng khi ti tiu th thay i t ngt. Thut ton chn on n
gin nn khng i hi nng lc tnh ton cao i vi phn cng.
7.1.3.3 Phng php chn on li h mch iu khin, ngn mch van IGBT
c xut
Phng php MASVS - Modified AC Current Space Vector Trajectory
Slope Method
Da trn c im ca qu o vector dng in pha s cp my bin p ch

cn li mt na, v nghing ca vector dng in pha s cp my bin p
l hng s (0, 3 , 3 ) trong mt na chu k. ng thi, kt hp vi du ca
thnh phn dng mt chiu IDC ca pha li, ta hon ton c th nh v chnh
xc v tr van IGBT b h mch iu khin nh bng 7.6. C ngha l, bin chn
on c s dng ch ra b nghch lu c b li h mch iu khin ca
mt van hay khng, v thnh phn dng mt chiu IDC ca pha li c s dng
nh v chnh xc v tr van IGBT b h mch iu khin.
Bng 7.6 Xc nh v tr van IGBT b h mch iu khin
Van h mch
T1
T4
T3
T6
IaDC
<0
>0
IbDC
<0
>0
IcDC
236
T5
T2
<0
>0
Phng php NSOTD - Normalized direct current method for Short of

Open Transitor Detection
Thut ton ca phng php NSOTD c xut ging thut ton ca

NDCCM, nhng nh v v tr van b li (c hai trng hp h mch iu
khin hoc ngn mch van IGBT) NSOTD ch xt n cc gi tr v du ca
ca chnh pha (bng 7.7) ch khng cn thit xt n ca cc pha cn li
nh phng php NDCCM. S lc b gim bt yu cu tnh ton ca
thut ton nhng vn m bo ch ra v tr van b li mt cch chnh xc nh
phng php NDCCM. Khng nhng ch xc nh c li h mch, NSOTD
cn xc nh c v tr van b ngn mch (li F6 trn hnh 7.1).
Bng 7.7 nh v v tr van li theo phng php NSOTD
Van li
T1 h mch hoc
T4 ngn mch
T2 h mch hoc
T5 ngn mch
T3 h mch hoc
T6 ngn mch
T4 h mch hoc
T1 ngn mch
T5 h mch hoc
T2 ngn mch
T6 h mch hoc
T3 ngn mch
sa
sb
sc
ma
mb
mc
1
1
1
0
Phng php SSOTD - Simple direct current method for Short of Open
Transitor Detection
Mt phng php khc c xut chn on li h mch iu khin

hoc ngn mch van IGBT l SSOTD. Phng php SSOTD khc vi phng
php NSOTD, SSOTD ch s dng thnh phn dng mt chiu IDC (bng 7.8),
nn phng php ny c thut ton n gin hn rt nhiu. Nhng khng s
dng thnh phn sng c bn ca dng in, nn SSOTD t ra chnh xc khi
module dng in qua s cp bin p ln. Cng nh cc phng php khc,
ngng trong phng php SSOTD c chn theo kinh nghim qua m
phng.
Bng 7.8 nh v v tr van li theo phng php SSOTD
Van li
T1 h mch hoc T4 ngn mch
IaDC
< -
IbDC
IcDC
7.2 Chn on li pha chnh lu
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
h
h
h
h
h
mch
mch
mch
mch
mch
hoc
hoc
hoc
hoc
hoc
T5 ngn
T6 ngn
T1 ngn
T2 ngn
T3 ngn
mch
mch
mch
mch
mch
237
>
< -
>
< -
>
7.2.1 Li ngn mch diode chnh lu
Cng vi cc li ngn mch, h mch van IGBT pha NL v h mch diode,

ngn mch diode cng l mt trong nhng li thng xy ra trong cc h thng
CL. Ngn mch diode CL l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra qu dng trong cc pha
ca MP. Nhn chung, khi ngn mch diode xy ra lun dn n chy mt hoc
nhiu cu ch ca cc pha MP. Nu cu ch ca pha c diode ngn mch b chy
trc, b CL s tip tc hot ng nh b CL hai pha trn c s cc pha cn
li. Tuy nhin, nu cu ch ca mt trong hai pha tt b chy trc, b CL vn
tip tc ko di tnh trng hot ng khng tt cho n khi cu ch ca pha c
diode ngn mch b chy, sau th ngng hot ng hon ton. Trnh t cc
cu ch b chy ph thuc vo thi im xy ra hin tng ngn mch diode
trong chu k ca dng in [5].
Hnh 7.10 p ng dng in MP khi ngn mch diode D1
238
Gi thit diode D1 b ngn mch (bi kha F4 trn hnh 7.1) ti thi im F
nh minh ha trn hnh 7.10. Do ti thi im cp diode D1 v D2 (hnh
7.11a) ang dn nn h thng vn tip tc hot ng bnh thng cho n thi
im A. Ti A, diode D3 bt u c phn cc ngc, nn s xy ra hin tng
ngn mch gia hai pha a v b ca my pht (hnh 7.11b), v dng in ia v ib
tha mn phng trnh.
di
2 L a = vb va = vba
(7.11)
dt
ia = ib
in p ca cc pha my pht c th biu din theo (7.12).
2
2
2
5
va =
VL cost; vb =
VL sin t ; vc =
VL sin t
(7.12)
3
3
6
3
6
Nn dng in ia v ib c tnh theo (7.13), vi chiu c th hin nh trn
hnh 7.8b khi t 3 .
VL

1 cos t
ia = ib =
(7.13)
3
2 L
Hnh 7.11 Chiu ca dng in cc pha khi ngn mch diode D1
V khi in p ngc trn diode D5 chnh l 1.5vc, nn D5 s dn ti thi

im B (hnh 7.10). Ti B, ba pha a, b v c ca my pht b ngn mch qua cc
diode D3 v D5 nh trn hnh 7.11c. Dng in ca cc pha c biu din nh
trong cng thc (3.14):
di
2
di
2
5
L b = vb =
VL sin t ; L c = vc =
VL sin t
(7.14)
dt
dt
3
6
3
6
ia = ib + ic
khi t 5 6 . th dng in cc pha sau khi xy ra li ngn mch D1
c th hin trn hnh 7.10. Trong khong A n B, ch c hai pha a v b b
ngn mch do D3 m ti thi im A, cng dng in trong hai pha a v b
239
l nh nhau, nn xc sut hai cu ch ca pha a v b b chy cng nh nhau.

Gi thit c hai cu ch ca pha a v b u khng b chy trong thi im .
Nhng n im B, do D5 dn nn cng dng in pha a tng gp hai ln,
iu chc chn rng cu ch pha a s b chy ngay lp tc, v b CL s hot
ng nh b CL cu mt pha vi in p u vo chnh l vbc.
Trng hp van D1 b ngn mch sau thi im C, khi vb va chuyn t na
chu k dng sang na chu k m, th pha b s khng dn cho n thi im A
ca chu k k tip. Nu D1 ngn mch gn thi im D th pha a v c ca MP b
ngn mch do diode D5 ang dn. Dng in pha a cng chnh l dng in pha
c, nn hai cu ch ca pha a v c c th b chy bt k lc no. Nhng li xy ra
sau thi im D th dng in li ngn mch ch c sinh ra khi ti thi im
A ca chu k k tip.
Tm li, nu li D1 ngn mch xy ra ngay trc thi im B th cu ch ca
pha a s b chy v h thng tr thnh CL cu mt pha. Ngc li, nu li
xy ra bt k thi im no ngoi phm vi th cu ch ca pha c diode
ngn mch v cu ch cc pha khc c xc sut chy nh nhau. Nu cu ch ca
pha c cc diode cn tt b chy trc th b CL s ngng hot ng hon ton.
Nh vy, trong trng hp ngn mch mt diode xy ra, th ta ch c th chn
on c pha c diode b ngn mch (mc 7.3), khng th nh v chnh xc
diode no b ngn mch, v iu ch c th thc hin nu li ngn mch xy
ra ngay trc thi im B i vi diode D1, vi cc diode cn li hon ton
tng t. Ngn mch diode ti cc thi im cn li ta khng c kh nng nh
v c v tr ca diode do khi b CL ngng hot ng.
H thng Turbine - My pht c s dng trong ti KC06.20CN c th
chuyn i c nng nhn c t sc gi quay cnh Turbine thnh in nng
khi tc gi ln hn tc gi ti thiu vmin, vi in p v tn s ph thuc
vo tc gi. Nh vy, trong trng hp hin tng ngn mch mt diode CL
xy ra khi in p ca MP nh dn n dng in ngn mch gia cc pha
khng ln t chy cc cu ch bo v pha MP, khi h thng CL vn
tip tc lm vic trong tnh trng nguy kch, v s dn n chy bt k cu ch
bo v no khi tc gi ln. Hnh 7.12 minh ha p ng dng in MP
khi ngn mch diode D1 vi in p MP l 40V.
Hnh 7.12 p ng dng in khi ngn mch D1 ng vi tc gi thp to ra in

p my pht 40V
240
Ta nhn thy rng, trong trng hp ny, dng in cc pha vn c dng sin
nh phn tch trn (cng thc (7.11)-(7.14)) vi bin xp x bng nhau
(hnh 7.13), v u xut hin thnh phn dng mt chiu gy mt cn bng
gia cc pha MP (hnh 7.14).
Hnh 7.13 Module sng c bn khi ngn mch D1 ng vi tc gi thp to ra in

p my pht 40V
Hnh 7.14 Thnh phn dng mt chiu khi ngn mch D1 ng vi tc gi thp
to ra in p my pht 40V
T cc c im ca dng in my pht nh phn tch trong cc hnh v

trn, ta thy thut ton NSOTD hon ton c th p dng cho trng hp ny.
7.2.2 Li h mch diode chnh lu
Ta gi thit diode D1 b h mch, dng in ca pha a MP bng khng trong

na chu k khi in p pha a l dng nht (hnh 7.15).
Cng ging nh h mch van IGBT pha nghch lu, dng in ba pha trong
MP s b mt cn bng do xut hin cc thnh phn mt chiu trong cc pha v
thnh phn sng c bn ca chng cng thay i tng hoc gim ph thuc vo
v tr van b h mch. Vi cc c im ca thnh phn mt chiu v sng c
241
bn ca dng in cc pha nh trn, ta hon ton c th s dng thut ton

NSOTD chn on li h mch diode trong b CL. xc nh b CL c b
li hay khng bng cch s dng cc cng thc tnh thnh phn mt chiu v
sng c bn (7.7), (7.8), (7.10) v bng 7.9 ch ra v tr diode b h mch.
Hnh 7.15 Dng in cc pha my pht khi h mch diode D1

Bng 7.9 nh v v tr diode b h mch
Van li
D1 h mch
D2 h mch
D3 h mch
D4 h mch
D5 h mch
D6 h mch
sa
0
sb
sc
ma
1
mb
mc
1
1
0
1
1
1
7.2.3 Li mt mt pha ca my pht hoc h mch hai diode cng pha
Gi thit pha a ca MP chm t (li F1), in p pha a a ti b CL s

bng khng, khu CL tr thnh CL cu mt pha vi in p vo l in p dy
ubc gia hai pha b v c. Khu CL ch dn khi in p ubc cao hn in p mt
chiu trn t C, in cm ca cc cun dy MP rt nh nn khu CL hot ng
ch dng in khng lin tc. Li mt pha ca MP chm t hon ton
ging li chy cu ch ca pha a (c minh ha bi F2 trn hnh 7.1), hay li
h mch c hai diode cng pha D1 v D4.
Phn tch dng in cc pha MP thnh hai thnh phn c bn, dng mt
chiu IDC v sng c bn. Ta thy, c hai thnh phn IDC v I1h ca pha b li u
bng khng. Trong khi , do b CL hot ng nh mt b CL cu hai pha (vi
cc pha khng li) nn thnh phn I1h trong hai pha cn li s khc khng. Da
vo c im ny ta d dng ch ra pha no chm t hay cu ch ca pha no
b chy theo bng 7.10.
242
Hnh 7.16 in p v dng in khi pha a my pht chm t

Bng 7.10
Pha li
a
b
c
Chn on li mt mt pha my pht
IaDC
=0
IbDC
IcDC
=0
=0
Ia1h
=0
>0
>0
Ib1h
>0
=0
>0
Ic1h
>0
>0
=0
7.3 M phng kim chng thut ton

Mc ny gii thiu cc kt qu m phng p ng dng in khi c cc li
xy ra trong h thng, ng thi kim chng cc thut ton chn on v nh
v li c nu ra trong cc mc trn ca chng 7, vi s h tr ca cng
c m phng MATLAB & Simulink v Toolbox PLECS.
7.3.1 M phng li pha nghch lu
7.3.1.1
Li h mch iu khin van IGBT
Hnh 7.17 Cu trc iu khin pha ph ti tiu th
243
Hnh 7.18 Cu trc mch nghch lu v ti tiu th
Hnh 7.17 v 7.18 gii thiu cu trc h thng iu khin b NL v s

ghp ni ph ti tiu th c lp vi h thng MP v khu bin i cng sut
thng qua my bin p c u /Y0. Trong hnh 7.17, khi DKNL c nhim
v thc hin thut ton iu ch in p ra (iu khin NL), khi
Gen.OpenSignal c s dng to li mt tn hiu iu khin cc van
IGBT, v khi Phutai l s ghp ni NL v bin p ca h thng PCSG
vi ti tiu th c lp, c minh ha chi tit trn hnh 7.18.
Chn on li h mch iu khin IGBT vi phng php MASVS
Hnh v 7.19 v 7.20 l kt qu m phng p ng dng in u ra ca

b NL, dng in s cp bin p, khi c li h mch iu khin van IGBT T5
(hnh 7.19) hoc IGBT T2 (hnh 7.20). Kt qu m phng p ng dng in
trn h ta ng nh vi l thuyt cp trong cc mc trc. Khi c
su van IGBT ca b NL hot ng tt th qu o dng in l ng trn.
Nhng, khi c li mt van IGBT khng m khi c tn hiu iu khin m th
qu o tr thnh mt na ng trn, v c nghing tnh theo cng thc
nhn mt trong gi tr 3 nh trn hnh 7.19a (h mch iu khin T5) v
7.20a (h mch iu khin T2). ng thi, hnh 7.19b ch ra, khi c li van T5
khng m th dng in s cp bin p khng xut hin thnh phn dng ca
pha c, do pha c ch c th ni xung cc m ca DC bus khi T2 m. Ngc li,
khi van T2 khng th m th dng in pha c s cp bin p li khng xut hin
thnh phn m (hnh 7.19b).
Hnh 7.19c cho thy khi c li h mch iu khin van T5, s xut hin
thnh phn dng mt chiu IcDC trong pha c ca s cp bin p, thnh phn
cng gy nn s mt cn bng trong cc pha cn li, hay dng in trong hai
pha a v b cng c thnh phn mt chiu IaDC v IbDC. Tng t nh vy i vi
trng hp li van T2 (hnh 7.20c). ng thi trn hai hnh cng a ra tn
hiu bo li s c cc van IGBT tng ng.
244
a) Qu o dng in trn h ta
a) Qu o dng in trn h ta
b) Qu o dng in trn h ta abc
b) Qu o dng in trn h ta abc
c) Thnh phn dng mt chiu v tn c) Thnh phn dng mt chiu v tn hiu

hiu bo li van IGBT
bo li van IGBT
Hnh 7.19 p ng dng in s cp bin
p khi li h mch iu khin
van IGBT T5

p khi li li h mch iu khin
van IGBT T2
Chn on li h mch iu khin IGBT vi phng php SSOTD
Hnh 7.21 v 7.22 l kt qu m phng li h mch iu khin van IGBT T3

v T6, v nh v li bng phng php SSOTD. Cc p ng dng in ny
hon ton tng t nh khi xy ra li vi T5 hoc T2 trn 7.19 v 7.20.
245
a) Qu o dng in trn h ta abc
a) Qu o dng in trn h ta abc
b) Thnh phn dng mt chiu
b) Thnh phn dng mt chiu
c) Tn hiu bo li van IGBT
c) Tn hiu bo li van IGBT

p khi li h mch iu khin
van IGBT T3
Hnh 7.22 p ng dng in s cp

bin p khi li li h mch iu
khin van IGBT T6
Chn on li h mch iu khin IGBT vi phng php NSOTD
Nh phn tch trn, khi li h mch iu khin van IGBT T4 xy ra ti

thi im 60 mili giy. Do T4 khng m nn pha a ca my bin p khng c
ni vi cc m ca DC bus, dng in pha a ca my bin p khng tn ti
thnh phn m (hnh 7.23). Thnh phn dng mt chiu trong pha a s tng v
mang du dng. Trong khi , gi tr dng mt chiu ca pha b v c c du
ngc li so vi dng mt chiu ca pha a. Bn cnh , bin ca sng c
bn ca pha a gim mnh, trong khi gi tr ca cc pha cn li ch thay i
nh nh trn hnh 7.24. Hnh 7.25 l bin chn on li c tnh v tn hiu
bo li h mch iu khin IGBT T4. Hnh 7.25 cng ch ra rng, thi gian
246
thut ton pht hin ra v nh v chnh xc v tr van b h mch iu khin

nh hn mt chu k ca dng in.
Hnh 7.23 Dng in s cp bin p khi h mch iu khin van IGBT T4
Hnh 7.24 Thnh phn mt chiu v module ca sng c bn ca dng in cc

pha s cp bin p khi h mch iu khin van IGBT T4
Hnh 7.25 Tn hiu bo li h mch K IGBT T4
7.3.1.2
Ngn mch IGBT
Hnh 7.26, 7.27 l s khi cu trc h thng c v trn Matlab &

Simulink v PLECS. V bn cht hai hnh ny cng ging cc hnh 7.17 v
7.18. im khc duy nht gia chng l cch to ra s c ngn mch cc van
IGBT (hnh 7.27) so vi gii php to tn hiu h mch cc van in t cng
247
sut trn hnh 7.18. Cc thng s v ngun v ph ti cng nh thut ton

iu khin vn c gi nguyn nh trn.
Hnh 7.26 Cu trc iu khin trn nn Simulink
Hnh 7.27 S mch lc v ph ti trn PLECS
Phng php SSOTD
Trn hnh 7.28, 7.29 l kt qu m phng ngn mch cc IGBT T3 v T6, th

hin r s thay i dng in, thnh phn dng mt chiu cc pha s cp bin
p, cng vi tn hiu bo ngn mch cc IGBT.
248
a) Dng in cc pha s cp bin p
a) Dng in cc pha s cp bin p
b) Thnh phn dng mt chiu cc pha s b) Thnh phn dng mt chiu cc pha s
cp bin p v tn hiu bo li
cp bin p v tn hiu bo li
Hnh 7.28 M phng ngn mch IGBT T3
Hnh 7.29 M phng ngn mch IGBT T6
vi thut ton chn on SSOTD
vi thut ton chn on SSOTD
Phng php NSOTD
Cc hnh 7.30, 7.31, 7.32 minh ha kt qu m phng vi li ngn mch

IGBT T1. Mt ln na cho thy p ng dng in cc pha, thnh phn mt
chiu v sng c bn ca chng ng nh phn tch trong cc mc trn, v
thut ton NSODT mt mt khong thi gian 130 mili giy ch ra v tr chnh
xc ca van IGBT b ngn mch.
Hnh 7.30 Dng in cc pha s cp bin p khi ngn mch IGBT T1
249
Hnh 7.31 Thnh phn dng mt chiu v module ca sng c bn trong cc pha
pha s cp bin p khi ngn mch IGBT T1
Hnh 7.32 Bin chn on li v tn hiu bo li ngn mch IGBT T1
7.3.2 M phng li pha chnh lu
7.3.2.1
Xc nh li mt mt pha my pht
Hnh 7.33 Li mt pha a ca my pht (hoc D1 v D4 cng h mch)
250
Hnh 7.33 l kt qu m phng p ng dng in cc pha MP khi c li mt

pha a ti thi im 0,8 giy. B CL s tr thnh CL cu mt pha vi u vo l
hai pha b v c cn li, dng o c ca pha a cng nh dng mt chiu v
sng c bn ca pha a u bng khng, trong khi sng c bn ca hai pha b v
c tng ng k. y cng chnh l p ng khi ngn mch mt pha MP hoc h
mch hai diode cng pha.
7.3.2.2
Xc nh li ngn mch Diode
Hin tng ngn mch mt diode CL xy ra khi in p ca MP nh

dng in ngn mch gia cc pha khng ln t chy cc cu ch bo v
pha MP, h thng CL vn tip tc lm vic trong tnh trng nguy kch, v s
dn n chy bt k cu ch bo v no khi tc gi ln. Tuy nhin, nh
ni trn, trng hp ngn mch diode thng s dn n chy cu ch cc
pha. Nu cu ch pha c diode b hng chy trc th b CL tr thnh CL cu
mt pha vi hai pha cn li, trng hp ny ta li c th chn on li mt pha
vi kt qu nh mc trn. Ngc li, nu diode ca pha khng c diode b hng
m chy trc th s dn n chy cc diode cn li, khi ta khng c kh
nng pht hin ra v tr diode b hng.
Hnh 7.34 minh ha kt qu m phng trong trng hp bin dng in
cc pha MP khong 40 ampe, khng ln t chy cu ch bo v cc pha
my pht. Hnh v cho thy nu h thng xut hin li ny th vn c th
chn on v nh v li thnh cng vi thut ton NSOTD.
Hnh 7.34 Kt qu m phng li ngn mch diode D1
7.4 Thc hin h thng gim st - chn on li t xa
7.3.2.3
251
Xc nh li h mch Diode
Hon ton tng t nh li h mch iu khin v ngn mch van IGBT. Cc

hnh 7.35, 7.36 minh ha p ng dng in MP khi li ngn mch diode D1 ti
thi im 0,06 giy. Cc kt qu trn c m phng vi tn s ca dng in
pha MP l 50Hz. Qua cho thy, thut ton NSOTD cng chn on chnh
xc li h mch ca cc diode trong khu CL, v thi gian nh v chnh xc v
tr li nh hn mt chu k ca dng in xoay chiu ba pha trong MP.
Hnh 7.35 Dng in my pht khi h mch D1
Hnh 7.36 Bin chn on li v tn hiu bo li h mch D1
Nh vy, phn ny minh ha p ng dng in, thnh phn dng mt

chiu v sng c bn ca chng khi c li xy ra trong khu CL cng nh NL.
Tnh n gin v hiu qu ca thut ton chn on li cc b CL v NL cng
c kim chng u cho cht lng tt.

ng thi vi nhim v thc hin cc bi ton iu khin nh n nh in
p ra, tch tr nng lng, duy tr cn bng nng lng gia thu v pht,
phc v bi ton gim st - chn on li t xa cho h thng th DSP
TMS320F2812 cn phi thc hin vic thu thp d liu v dng v p v lu
tr trong vng nh Flash ROM. Khi c nhu cu theo di tnh trng vn hnh
252
ca h thng PCSG, ton b d liu v cc dng in ba pha MP, dng in

ba pha sau b NL, dng v p in mt chiu cng nh dng v p c-quy s
c ln lt phn nh thnh cc khi d liu con ph hp vi dung lng b
nh ca PLC S7-200/CPU 226 v truyn ln PLC. Cc khi d liu con ny li
tip tc c gi ln my tnh thng qua ng truyn in thoi mi modem
trn pha my tnh v module m rng modem EM241 pha PLC S7-200 (hnh
7.37). Vi gii php phn cng thc hin thut ton K l DSP TMS320F2812
ca hng Texas Instrument v knh truyn thng in thoi, h thng truyn
thng ny cn cho php np firmware mi xung DSP. iu c bit c ch
trong vic nghin cu, th nghim cc thut ton K mi cho h thng PCSG.
Nh vy, thc hin c bi ton iu khin - gim st - chn on li t
xa h thng PCSG thuc ti KC06.20CN, ba mdule phn mm c
thc hin, bao gm:
Trn DSP TMS320F2812: Module thu thp v lu tr d liu v dng v

p ln vng FlashROM.
Trn PLC S7-200: Module thc hin ch K, truyn thng trong ch

gim st - chn on li, thc hin np firmware mi xung DSP.
Trn my tnh PC: Module thu thp d liu ch gim st, phn tch
tnh trng vn hnh ca h thng, phn tch file *.out (kt qu ca bc
pht trin thut ton bi cng c Code Composer Studio IDE) v np
firmware mi xung DSP thng qua PLC v ng truyn in thoi.
Hnh 7.37 Tng quan v cu trc iu khin - chn on gim st t xa h thng

PCSG ca ti KC.06.20CN
Hnh 7.38 th hin tng quan cc chc nng vn hnh ca h thng bao gm
chc nng iu khin, chc nng thu thp d liu phc v gim st v chn
on li t xa, chc nng np firmware mi cho b iu khin DSP.
253
Hnh 7.38 S khi tng quan m t cc khi hm c bn trn PC, PLC, DSP
7.4.1 Module phn mm thu thp d liu trn DSP TMS320F2812
Bng 7.11 lit k cc bin qu trnh cn o phc v mc ch iu khin

cng nh lu tr phc v bi ton gim st thc trng vn hnh v chn on
li t xa ca h thng pht in sc gi. Mi bin c ly mu 5040 gi tr nn
cn mt dung lng b nh xp x 5kWord (do ADC ca DSP TMS320F2812 c
phn gii 16 bt).
Bng 7.11
STT
1
2
3
4
5
Bin
Dng
Dng
Dng
Dng
Dng
Danh sch cc bin cn thu thp v lu tr
in
in
in
in
in
pha
pha
pha
pha
pha
a my pht
b my pht
c my pht
a nghch lu
b nghch lu
Dung lng [kWord]

5
5
5
5
5
254
6
7
8
9
10
Dng in pha c nghch lu

Dng in mt chiu
in p mt chiu
Dng in np acqui
in p np acqui
5
5
5
5
5
Hnh 7.39 minh ha lu thut
ton ca module truyn thng c
thc hin cho DSP. Khi nhn c
bn tin yu cu t PLC, DSP s
kim tra tnh chnh xc v gi bn
tin tr li theo yu cu ca m lnh
trong bn tin yu cu.
Hnh 7.39 Lu thut ton module

truyn thng ca DSP
7.4.2 Module phn mm trn PLC

S7-200
7.4.2.1 Giao thc truyn thng gia

PLC v DSP
Truyn thng gia PLC v DSP

trong h thng ny c thc hin
qua cng Port 0 ca PLC tun theo
chun RS485, vi ch truyn
Freeport ca PLC. PLC ng vai tr
l master cn DSP ng vai tr
slave trong mi ch hot ng
ca h thng. Giao thc truyn
c nh ngha nh sau:
Bn tin hi (t PLC) c di c nh l 9 byte

SD CM LE SD
No. of block
SD:
Bt u ca bn tin
CM:
M lnh
LE:
di ca c bn tin
No. of Block: Khi d liu cn c
CRC:
Kim sot li
ED:
Kt thc ca bn tin
255
CRC ED
1 byte
1 byte
1 byte
2 byte
2 byte
1 byte
Bn tin tr li (t DSP)
SD CM LE SD Data Unit (n byte) CRC ED
Data Unit:
c di v ngha ph thuc vo tng CM c th
m bo chnh xc trong truyn thng, phng php bo ton d liu

CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) c s dng.
7.4.2.2
Cc lu thut ton
PLC c vn hnh ba ch (hnh 7.40): ch K (Control_Mode), ch

gim st - chn on li (Diagnosis_Mode) v ch np firmware cho b
iu khin DSP (Boot_Mode). Trong , ch K l ch hot ng mc
nh ca PLC. ch ny, PLC kt hp vi b iu khin DSP thc hin bi
ton K, u tin nhn cc tn hiu K t mt t K, thng tin cn trao i vi
DSP ch l trng thi hot ng ca DSP v cc gi tr dng in v in p
hin ti. Khi nhn lnh chuyn ch hot ng t my tnh, PLC s chuyn
sang cc ch vn hnh tng ng v cn cho php khi ng mm li b
iu khin DSP. Khc vi ch K, ch gim st - chn on li, PLC
khng nhn cc tn hiu K t mt t K, u tin truyn thng vi DSP c
ton b 50kByte d liu trong qu kh ca 11 bin dng in v in p
c lu trong FlashROM ca DSP. Tuy nhin, trong ch gim st - chn
on li, PLC vn thc hin nhim v K mc nc trong b lm mt in tr
hm (Dump Load, ti gi) cng nh ng ct ph ti, cn DSP duy tr nhim v
K bnh thng. hai ch vn
hnh gim st - chn on li t xa v
np firmware mi cho DSP, PLC S7200 thc cht ch ng vai tr l trm
trung chuyn d liu trung gian gia
my tnh v b K cp di l
TMS320F2812.
Hnh 7.40 Cc ch hot ng ca PLC
256
Cc trng thi truyn thng gia PLC vi DSP v qu trnh chuyn trng thi
theo cc s kin c minh ha nh trn hnh 7.41. ch ngh (Idle_State)
mc nh ban u m nhn c lnh yu cu truyn thng, th n s chuyn
sang trng thi sn sng truyn bn tin yu cu ti DSP (trng thi
Transmit_State). Sau khi gi thnh cng bn tin yu cu, th trng thi truyn
thng li quay v ch ngh i bn tin tr li t DSP. Bn tin phn hi t
DSP c PLC nhn v bo nhn thnh cng thng qua ngt nhn, trng thi
truyn s chuyn sang trng thi nhn (Receive_State). , bn tin nhn
c s c kim tra s b c li truyn thng hay khng quyt nh
chuyn sang ch x l li v gi li ng bn tin yu cu trc . Khi bn
tin nhn l chnh xc, c th sn sang cho phin truyn thng tip theo, th
ng truyn gia PLC v DSP bt buc phi ch ngh trong mt khong
thi gian nht nh, nn trng thi truyn thng s chuyn sang ch i
(Wait_State) trc khi chuyn sang ch truyn bn tin yu cu tip theo
xung DSP. Trnh t chuyn trng thi khi thc hin truyn thng ca PLC
c thc hin trong c hai ch K cng nh ch thu thp d liu phc
c chn on li t xa. Truyn thng gia PLC v DSP khc hon ton so vi
truyn thng gia my tnh v PLC, do truyn thng gia my tnh v PLC c
thc hin c lp thng qua modem EM241 vi giao thc truyn Modbus.
Hnh 7.41 Cc trng thi truyn thng ca PLC vi DSP
Cc lu thut ton cho ch iu khin - gim st t xa
Lu thut ton ca chng trnh chnh trong ch iu khin bnh

thng cng nh thu thp d liu cho bi ton gim st - chn on li c
minh ha trn hnh 7.42. Lu ny cho thy, ngoi vic thc hin nhim v
K, PLC kim tra v thc hin chuyn trng thi truyn thng theo logic nu
trong hnh 7.41, cng nh x l thng tin trong cc trng thi thng qua vic
gi ti cc chng trnh con tng ng.
257
Khi bt iu khin cho

php truyn thng gia PLC
v DSP tch cc, trng thi
truyn thng trng thi sn
sng truyn v cng truyn
thng khng bn, th bn tin
yu cu nm trong b m
truyn s c gi xung
DSP, sau trng thi c
quay tr li ch ngh
(hnh 7.43). Sau khi bn tin
c gi thnh cng qua
cng truyn thng ca PLC
th s xut hin ngt truyn,
trng thi truyn thng s
c iu khin ch
cho php v sn sng nhn
bn tin tr li ng thi cng
kim sot bn tin c thc
s c gi n DSP khng
hay b li mt ng truyn
thng qua timer TimeOut
(hnh 7.44). Nu DSP khng
th nhn c bn tin yu
cu hoc nhn c bn tin
sai th PLC s tip tc gi li
n mt s ln gii hn nht
nh m vn khng nhn
c tr li t DSP th s
thng bo li truyn thng.
Hnh 7.42 Lu thut ton

chng trnh chnh
trong ch K v GS
Khi nhn c bn tin tr li t DSP, PLC s kim tra s b tnh chnh xc

ca bn tin quyt nh gi li bn tin yu cu hay chuyn sang x l d liu
nhn c trong bn tin tr li, ng thi cho knh truyn thng chuyn sang
ch ngh trong mt khong thi gian nht nh ti thiu bng khong thi
gian truyn i hai k t (hnh 7.44). Nu bn tin tr li t DSP l chnh xc th
d liu trong bn tin s c phn tch v x l theo lu thut ton trn
hnh 7.45.
258
Hnh 7.43 Lu thut ton ca chng

trnh con truyn
Hnh 7.44 Lu thut ton ngt

truyn
Hnh 7.45 Lu chng trnh con Idle
Hnh 7.46 Lu thut ton ngt nhn
259
Hnh 7.47 Lu thut ton chng trnh conx l d liu trong bn tin tr li
Hnh 7.48 Lu thut ton chng trnh

con trng thi i
Hnh 7.49 Lu x l bn tin c li
260
Cc lu thut ton cho ch np firmware
Nh cp trn, ngoi chc nng gim st thc trng vn hnh ca h

thng PCSG, cc module phn mm c xy dng cho PLC cn h tr kh
nng np firmware mi t PC xung DSP thng qua ng truyn in thoi.
thc hin c nhim v ny, my tnh s ra lnh chuyn PLC sang ch
vn hnh Boot, sau PLC s
chuyn DSP sang ch Boot
t SCIA. Nu chuyn ch
thnh cng th my tnh s
np firmware mi xung DSP
thng qua trm vn chuyn
trung gian l PLC. Lu
thut ton chnh ca ch
ny c minh ha trn hnh
7.50.
Cc trng thi truyn thng
ca PLC ch vn hnh
ny hon ton tng t nh
cc trng thi truyn thng
ch K nh minh ho
trn hnh 7.41. V vy, mt s
chng trnh con x l trng
thi ngh, i, x l li truyn
thng trong ch ny cng
ging nh ch iu khin
- gim st trnh by chi tit
trong cc mc trn.
Hnh 7.50 Lu thut ton

ca chng trnh chnh
trong ch np
firmware
Hnh 7.51 Trnh t chuyn DSP sang ch

Boot np firmware
Hnh 7.52 Lu chng trnh con

truyn d liu ch Boot
261
262
Hnh 7.53 Lu x l nhn d liu ch Boot
7.4.3 Module phn mm trn my tnh
7.4.3.1
Ch gim st thc trng vn hnh
gim st c thc trng vn hnh ca h thng pht in sc gi thuc

ti KC.06.20CN, mt giao din vn hnh, thu thp d liu, phn tch v th
hin di dng cc th ha c xy dng chy trn nn Windows vi
s h tr ca cng c lp trnh rt mnh Visual C++.
Hnh 7.54 th hin quan h gia cc ca s ca phn mm gim st - chn
on li trn my tnh vi cc module truyn thng PLC v DSP ch thu
263
thp d liu gim st thc trng vn hnh. Khi c yu cu c ton b d liu

trong qu kh ca dng in v in p c lu trong b nh ca DSP, ca s
truyn thng (Communication_Window) s giao tip vi module truyn thng
di DSP thng qua trm vn chuyn trung gian l PLC ch hot ng
Diagnosis_Mode. Ton b d liu s c thu thp v my tnh v c lu tr
vo mt file c nh dng nh phn c bit hoc nh dng mat file ca
MATLAB. Nh vy, d liu ny c th c phn tch bi cc cng c x l tn
hiu rt mnh ca MATLAB (hnh 7.54). ng thi d liu c hin th
di dng bng hay th trn ca s gim st (Supervisory_ Window), v
c phn tch chn on li vi cc thut ton chn on li c nu
ra trong hai mc 7.1 v 7.2 bi ca s Diagnosis_Window.
Hnh 7.54 Cu trc phn mm ch gim st
Hnh 7.55 minh ho trnh t theo thi gian khi c ton b d liu trong qu
kh ca dng in pha a MP c lu tr trong FlashROM ca DSP
TMS320F2812 ln trn my tnh, n cng th hin r quan h gia my tnh,
PLC v DSP trong qu trnh thu thp d liu phc v ch gim st - chn
on li t xa. Do dung lng dnh cho mi bin l 5kWord, ln hn dung
lng b nh ca PLC (5kByte), nn c th chuyn tt cc khi d liu
ln my tnh th chng phi c chia nh ra thnh hai khi d liu con. Bn
cnh , mi bn tin truyn thng gia PLC v DSP khng c php c di
vt qu 255Byte, nn mi khi d liu con trn li c chia thnh nhiu
264
phin truyn thng khc nhau c th gi ht ln PLC v sau s c my

tnh nhn v thng qua knh truyn in thoi vi cc modem hai u my
tnh v PLC S7-200.
Hnh 7.55 Trnh t theo thi gian khi c ton b d liu v dng in pha a ca
my pht trong qu kh c lu trong FlashROM ca DSP
Hnh 7.56, 7.57 l th in p trn c-quy v in p mt chiu ca mch

mt chiu trung gian c thu thp v v v trn ca s
Supervisory_Window.
Hnh 7.56 th in p mch mt chiu trung gian o thc t
265
Hnh 7.57 th in p cqui o thc t
7.4.3.2
Ch np firmware
c th np firmware mi xung DSP phc v mc ch nghin cu th

nghim thut ton K mi cho h thng PCSG, phn mm c xy dng
trn my tnh c tch hp ca s c v phn tch file *.out cha firmware
mi cho DSP TMS320F2812. File vi phn m rng out chnh l kt qu ca
bc pht trin thut ton K c thc hin bi cng c pht trin phn mm
Code Composer Studio IDE cho cc DSP TMS320 ca hng Texas
Instruments. Khc vi ch vn hnh trn, khi np firmware mi xung DSP
th PLC c chuyn sang hot ng ch Boot_Mode v DSP cng c
khi ng li v cho php np firmware thng qua giao din truyn thng
SCIA. Quan h gia cng c pht trin phn mm, giao din np chng trnh
vi module phn mm trn PLC c th hin trn hnh 7.58.
Ca s COFF_Reader c nhim v c v bc tch ly phn d liu c ch
cn c np xung DSP. Pha bn tri ca hnh 7.59 (vng 1) l ton b d
liu c c t file *.out, cn vng 2 hin th d liu firmware s c truyn
i di dng m Hexa.
Hnh 7.60 l trnh t thc hin theo thi gian khi ra lnh np firmware mi
t my tnh thng qua ng truyn in thoi xung DSP, n cng th hin r
trnh t hot ng kt hp gia my tnh, trm lu chuyn trung gian PLC v
DSP. Cc trnh t bao gm: np firmware vo RAM ca DSP, xa
FlashROM, ghi firmware vo FlashROM v cui cng l kim tra v thng bo
kt qu ca qu trnh np.
Cng ging nh truyn thng trong ch thu thp d liu gim st, trong
ch ny c th dung lng ca khi d liu cn vn chuyn qua PLC np
266
vo FlashROM ca DSP ln hn 5kByte dung lng ti a ca b nh PLC S7200 CPU226. Khi khi d liu firmware cng s c phn chia thnh
nhiu khi con nh ph hp cho mi phin truyn thng gia cc trm. Cc
bc thc hin c th hin r hnh 7.60.
Hnh 7.58 Cu trc phn mm ch Boot
Hnh 7.59 Ca s phn tch file *.out
267
Hnh 7.60 Trnh t theo thi gian khi np firmware mi t PC xung DSP

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Electronics and Application, Lausanne
[8]
Nandi S., Toliyat H.A.: Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of

Electrical Machines A Review. 35th IEEE-ISA Annual Meeting, Vol. 1, pp.
197 - 204
8 Cu trc b cos cho ti ch c o
Chng ta bit rng trong h thng in, khi h s cng sut cos ca ph ti
thp s dn n nhng hu qu: hiu qu truyn ti nng lng thp, tn tht
bin i nng lng ln, tng in p ri trn mng phn phi. Do vic nng
cao cos l mt bi ton bt buc v c ngha ln. Chng ny gii thiu mt
phng php K b h s cng sut cos cho li ph ti ca h thng
PCSG di cng sut 10-30kW thng qua thay i tn s li ph ti trong
phm vi cho php, t thit k b K. Cc m phng c thc hin trn
phn mm PLECS v MATLAB & Simulink kim chng tnh ng n,
chun b cho cng tc ci t trn thit b.
8.1 M hnh ph ti
Li ph ti 3 pha c tnh t u ra ca b NL ngun p cho n ph ti
tiu th 3 pha (hnh 8.1).
Hnh 8.1 M hnh li ph ti khi h thng PCSG hot ng ch c o
Li bao gm cc thnh phn sau:
Cun khng LD, lc cc sng hi bc cao ca dng in cp ra li.
T lc Cf , lc cc sng hi bc cao ca in p cp ra li.
Bin p 3 pha, bin i in p cung cp thnh gi tr ph hp cho ti

tiu th (220V/380V), ngoi ra my bin p cn c tc dng cch ly v
in gia phn ph ti tiu th v h thng my pht in.
Ph ti tiu th 3 pha.
Gi thit cun khng LD c thnh phn in tr RD v in cm LD. My bin

p 3 pha c thay th gn ng bng phn t cm khng LT . Do li tiu th
ch nhn ngun in duy nht t h thng pht in sc gi cho nn thnh
phn in p li khng tn ti y. Li tiu th gm 2 thnh phn:
270
8 Cu trc b cos( cho ti ch c o
in khng li LN c bit trc.
Ti tiu th, gm hai thnh phn in tr tiu th RPT v cm khng LPT.
Ta c m hnh thay th gn ng ca li ph ti nh hnh 8.2.
Hnh 8.2 M hnh thay th gn ng li ph ti
Nu b qua cc thnh phn in cm LN v LT (do st p trn chng l rt

nh) th ta s c c m hnh rt gn li ph ti phc v thit k cu trc
iu khin b h s cng sut nh hnh 8.3.
Hnh 8.3 M hnh rt gn li ph ti
8.2 Phng php b cos
8.2.1 tng ca phng php
tng ca phng php iu khin c xy dng nh sau. Chn h trc

to dq nh sau:
Trc d trng vi vector in p ph ti UPT
Trc q vung gc vi trc d
Ta c th vector hnh 8.4. Gc lch pha gia in p v dng in ph

ti l do bn cht ti quyt nh. Tuy nhin ci thin, trong tng chu k trch
mu ta iu khin cho vector in p quay nhanh hay chm thm mt lng
no , ng thi cng c th iu khin cho vector in p li vt trc
8.2 Phng php b cos(
271
(hoc chm sau) so vi vector dng in thay i tnh dung (hoc tnh cm)
ca li. iu ny c ngha rng ta s thay i tn s li ci thin cos.
Hnh 8.4 th vector in p v dng in li
Ta c mi quan h sau:
u = s + u = s +
= s + s = =
(8.1)
iu khin gc quay ca vector in p li u ta K tng gc quay v

gc quay ca in p li ng vi tn s c bn s. Tuy nhin u v s l nhng
i lng lun lun bin thin tng dn theo quy lut tch phn. K cos
bm theo mt gi tr t cos* no th gc cng phi lun lun tng dn
theo hai i lng u v s, bi ton K s tr nn rt kh khn. n gin
cho vic thit k b K v nng cao tnh n nh ca h thng, thay v K gc
quay ta s K bin thin tn s . Mi quan h nh sau:
tan =
L
L
L (s + ) L
=
= s +
R
R
R
R
(8.2)
Vi R, L l in tr v in cm ca ph ti, bin thin theo nhu cu s

dng. T mi quan h trn ta thy ci thin gc lch pha gia in p v
dng in li ph ti, ta iu khin bin thin tn s . Nh vy trong
mt gii hn no ca sai lch tn s, chng ta s tn dng ci thin h s
cng sut cho li ph ti.
272
8.2.2 S dng b iu khin PI kinh in

S khi cu trc
Theo (8.2) ta thy rng thay v iu khin cos ta c th iu khin tan. Vi

vic iu khin tan ta c th iu khin v quan st c c tnh cm v tnh
dung ca li ph ti. thy r hn c im ca i tng K, ta xy dng
s khi h thng iu khin cos trn min thi gian lin tc nh hnh 8.5
di y.
Hnh 8.5 S cu trc iu khin h s cng sut
Trong K = L R c th thay i ty ngi thit k. B NL ngun p c th

c thay th gn ng bng mt khu qun tnh bc nht vi h s khuch i
VNL = 1 v hng s thi gian qun tnh TNL = Tpulse (chu k bm xung).
T s cu trc ta thy: Khi ti bin thin s lm cho h s khuych i K
bin thin, nhng khng lm cho cu trc m hnh i tng thay i, do
ch lm tng gim sai lch iu khin. Mt cch n gin ta la chn b iu
khin PI, sai lch tnh s b trit tiu hon ton nh thnh phn tch phn. B
PI hot ng cn c theo sai lch gia gi tr t tan* v gi tr thc tan o
c ph ti a ra tn hiu iu khin hiu chnh tn s li .
Xc nh cc tham s ca b iu khin
Xt i tng c u vo l , u ra l tan, v n gin ta cho h s

khuych i K=1. Khi hm truyn ca i tng:
1
Wdt ( s) =
1 + s Tpulse
(8.3)
i tng l mt khu qun tnh bc nht, p dng phng php hng s

thi gian tng ca Kuhn ta xc nh c cc tham s ca b iu khin PI nh
sau:
1
K p =
2K
(8.4)
Tpulse
T
=
TI =
2
2
8.2 Phng php b cos(
273
B iu khin trn min thi gian gin on
Ta bit, thit k - ci t mt h thng iu khin, iu chnh trn c s vi

x l/vi iu khin, thut ton K phi c xy dng trn min thi gian gin
on. Cng theo ti liu ny, vic xy dng m hnh ton hc trn min thi
gian gin on t m hnh trn min thi gian lin tc khng nhm mc ch
phi a ra mt m hnh chnh xc m ch cn chnh xc ti cc thi im
gin on cch u. Chuyn b PI trn min thi gian lin tc va tm c
sang min thi gian gin on vi chu k trch mu T, xp x thnh phn tch
phn theo phng php hnh thang, ta c:
r + r z1
WPI (z) = 0 11
(8.5)
1 z
T
T
; r1 = K p 1
vi: r0 = K p 1 +
2TI
2TI
8.2.3 S dng b iu khin PI m
iu khin m chim v tr quan trng trong k thut K hin i. Trong

thc t, nhiu gii php tng hp, thit k b K kinh in thng b b tc khi
gp nhng bi ton c phc tp ca h thng cao, phi tuyn ln, s
thng xuyn thay i trng thi v cu trc ca i tng, hoc gi s nu c
th tng hp c trong phm vi l thuyt th khi thc hin cng gp kh khn
v gi thnh v tin cy ca sn phm. Nhng kh khn s khng cn l
vn nan gii khi b K c thit k trn c s logic m. Cc b K m c
chung mt c im l lm vic theo nguyn tc sao chp li kinh nghim, tri
thc ca con ngi trong K, vn hnh my mc.
p dng vo bi ton b h s cng sut cho li ph ti, vi c th bi
ton l ph ti thay i ngu nhin do yu cu tiu th, s kh c mt m hnh
ton hc chnh xc m t i tng. Do s rt thch hp khi ta chn gii
php thit k b K theo lgic m, m bo h thng lm vic n nh trc s
thay i ngu nhin ca i tng.
Cu trc b iu khin m
Cu trc h thng s dng b iu khin PI m nh hnh 8.6.
Hnh 8.6 S khi h thng s dng b iu khin PI m
B iu khin m s nhn 2 tn hiu u vo: tn hiu sai lch E, tn hiu vi

phn DE v cho u ra l o hm ca tn hiu iu khin D.
274
Xy dng b iu khin m
a) nh ngha cc tp m
u vo E: Gc lch pha gia in p v dng in li nm trong

khong (-/2; /2), nn ta chn cho bin u vo E gm 5 tp m nm
trong khong [-1.6 1.6].
Hnh 8.7 nh ngha cc tp m u vo E
u vo DE: Vi phn sai lch iu khin, gm 3 tp m trong on [1000, 1000]
Hnh 8.8 nh ngha cc tp m u vo DE
u ra D: Gm 5 tp m l cc xung Kronecker
Hnh 8.9 nh ngha cc tp m u ra D
8.3 M phng kim chng
275
b) Xy dng cc lut hp thnh

If (E is NB) and (DE is NM) then (DV is NB)
If (E is NB) and (DE is ZE) then (DV is NB)
If (E is NB) and (DE is PM) then (DV is NM)
If (E is NM) and (DE is NM) then (DV is NB)
If (E is NM) and (DE is ZE) then (DV is NM)
If (E is NM) and (DE is PM) then (DV is ZE)
If (E is ZE) and (DE is NM) then (DV is NM)
If (E is ZE) and (DE is ZE) then (DV is ZE)
If (E is ZE) and (DE is PM) then (DV is PM)
If (E is PM) and (DE is NM) then (DV is ZE)
If (E is PM) and (DE is ZE) then (DV is PM)
If (E is PM) and (DE is PM) then (DV is PB)
If (E is PB) and (DE is NM) then (DV is PM)
If (E is PB) and (DE is ZE) then (DV is PB)
If (E is PB) and (DE is PM) then (DV is PB)
c) Chn thit b hp thnh
Php AND tnh theo lut Prod
Php OR tnh theo lut Prober
Php IMPLICATION tnh theo lut min
Php AGGREGATION tnh theo lut max
d) Phng php gii m: Gii m theo phng php tnh im trng tm.
8.2.4 Cu trc h thng iu chnh h s cng sut
Sau khi xy dng c y c s l thyt cho bi ton ci thin h s

cng sut, ta xy dng cu trc h thng iu chnh nh hnh 8.10.
Khi PI l b iu chnh h s cng sut thc hin theo lut t l tch phn
tc ng hiu chnh gc quay ca in p li.
Khi PWM l khu thc hin thut ton iu ch vector khng gian.
Khi GP thc hin tnh ton gc lch pha thc gia in p li v

dng in p li.
8.3 M phng kim chng

H thng c m phng trn nn MATLAB&SIMULINK mt cch trung
thnh vi gii php chn, s m phng gn vi iu kin thc th hin qua
mt s im sau:
276
Hnh 8.10 Cu trc h thng iu chnh h s cng sut
H thng in c m phng bng phn mm PLECS. N cho php m

t mch in/in t di dng s nguyn l, trong cc linh kin,
thit b c ni mch mt cch trc quan nh trong thc t. Vi c
im l mt Toolbox hot ng trong mi trng Simulink, mch
in/in t PLECS hon ton c kh nng ghp ni vi h thng iu
khin xy dng trn Simulink.
M phng y cc iu kin bin ca h thng: Cc gi tr thc c

o bng ADC vi tn s trch mu 4kHz, hng s thi gian trch mu
T=0.25ms do tc tnh ton c hn ca vi iu khin.
M phng h thng bin tn s dng thit b bin i ngun p vi tn s

bm xung fpulse = 8kHz, m bo ng b cht ch gia chu k trch mu
v chu k bm xung. Cc van bn dn iu khin theo nguyn l iu ch
vector khng gian.
8.3.1 Cu trc Simulink v PLECS
T s b h s cng sut cho li ph ti pht in sc gi hnh 8.10,

ta xy dng c s Simulink m phng h thng nh hnh 8.11. H thng
bao gm 4 khi chnh:
Khi SVPWM m phng thut ton iu ch vector khng gian.
Khi Grid bao gm ton b h thng ngun pht v ph ti li in,

c xy dng trn PLECS.
Khi Phase looked loop tnh ton tn s thc ca li.
8.3 M phng kim chng
277
Khi Angle caculation tnh ton gc lch pha gia dng in li v in

p li.
Hnh 8.11 S m phng bi ton iu chnh h s cng sut
Khi SVPWM
Sau khi tnh c thi gian tnh cc vector bin Tp, Tt, T0,7 (theo [1], [2]) ta s
dng khi Sequencing factors tnh thi gian ng m cc van. Thi gian
ng m cc van c tnh nh ti liu [1] gii thiu.
Hnh 8.12 Khi iu ch vector khng gian SVPWM
Khi Grid: Khi Grid m phng h thng ph ti, gm c:
Mt b NL ngun p 3 pha, 3 nhnh (3 cp) van IGBT.
3 cun cm lc dng, 3 t lc p v b s b h s cng sut.
278
Mt bin p xoay chiu 3 pha, mc kiuY/Y, h s khuych i 4.5.
Cc phn t in tr, in cm tng trng cho h thng ti tiu th.
Cc cng tc ng ngt tng trng cho s thay i ti ngu nhin.
Hnh 8.13 Li ph ti
Khi Phase locked loop
Trong thc t tn s li c tnh bng mt chip ring. Nguyn l hot ng

ca khi ny nh sau: Trn h ta in p li th thnh phn UPTq=0,
thnh phn UPTd=UPT.
V vy UPTq s c iu chnh sao cho bm gi tr 0 bng mt b iu chnh
PI thng thng. u ra ca b iu chnh PI chnh l gi tr hiu chnh ca tn
s c bn (50Hz). m bo tn s o c ng bng tn s thc.
Hnh 8.14 Khi tnh tn s li
Khi Angle calculation (tnh gc pha)
Trn h to in p li, vic tnh h s cng sut rt n gin bng cch

chuyn i dng 3 pha iabc o c sang h ta dq, sau tnh gc lch pha
gia dng in v in p theo cng thc sin = iNq i .
V nh vy ta s khng phi o gi tr tc thi ca in p li. Tuy nhin

mc ch ca bi ton l K b cos nn bi ton iu chnh in p s khng
p dng y. Thay v m phng khu tnh gc , ta s o in p li.
Vic thay th ny hon ton khng nh hng n tnh ng n ca gii php
trong thc t.
8.3 M phng kim chng
279
Chiu vector in p li v vector dng in li ln 2 trc ta ca h

trc ta c nh ta tnh c gc thc ca li theo cng thc:
sin = sin (u i ) = sin u cos i cos u sin i
=
(8.6)
uPT iN uPT iN
uPT iN uPT iN
=
u i
u i
u i
Hnh 8.15 Khi tnh gc lch pha gia dng v in p li
8.3.2 Kt qu m phng
S dng b PI kinh in
Chng ta thc hin m phng vi gi tr in p u vo nghch lu 70V do

y cha c vng iu chnh in p, cha tnh n cc st p ng dy. Bi
v vi cng mt bn cht ti th bin in p li khng nh hng n tnh
trung thc ca kt qu m phng. Di y l kt qu m phng cho cc
trng hp:
+
Ph ti danh nh cng sut 20KVA, cos = 0.9, cos* =0.95

Dien ap tai (V)
100
Dong dien tai (A)
50
50
0
-50
-100
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
-50
0.05
He so cong suat
0.15
0.2
0.15
0.2
Tan so (Hz)
80
0.98
0.1
t(s)
60
SP=0.95
0.96
40
0.94
20
0.92
0.9
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
0.05
Hnh 8.16 Kt qu m phng ph ti danh nh
0.1
t(s)
280
Ban u cos =1 nn trong khong thi gian u c tnh h s cng sut i

xung v c tnh tn s i ln nh hnh 8.16. Sau khi iu chnh fs = 48.4Hz.
c tnh qu khng c qu iu chnh. Thi gian qu ngn tqd =
0,08s, rt ph hp c im ng ct ti ngu nhin tu theo nhu cu s dng
ca cc h tiu th.
+
H thng chy qu ti (ti tng thm 50%)
Ti ang chy danh nh (20KVA, cos = 0.9), ti thi im 0.1s ng thm

50% ti c cos = 0.8. Gi tr t cos* = 0.95.
Dien ap tai (V)
100
Dong dien tai (A)
50
50
0
-50
-100
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
He so cong suat
-50
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
0.15
0.2
Tan so (Hz)
70
60
0.98
50
0.96
40
0.94
30
0.92
0.9
20
0
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
10
0.05
0.1
t(s)
Hnh 8.17 Kt qu m phng qu ti: c tnh h s cng sut v tn s b dao ng

mnh
Ph ti thay i ngu nhin. Ban u ph ti c cos = 0.9, ti thi

im 0.1s ng thm ti c cos = 0.8. Gi tr t cos* = 0.95
Dien ap tai (V)
100
50
20
-50
-20
-100
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
He so cong suat
Dong dien tai (A)
40
-40
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
0.15
0.2
Tan so (Hz)
100
SP=0.95
80
0.95
60
0.9
40
0.85
0.8
20
0
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
0.05
Hnh 8.18 Kt qu m phng vi ph ti thay i
0.1
t(s)
8.3 M phng kim chng
281
B K phn ng rt nhanh vi s thay i ca ti (tqd = 0.05s). c tnh qu

khng c qu iu chnh. Trc khi ng thm ti fs = 41.5Hz, sau khi
ng thm ti fs = 36.6Hz. Ti thi im thay i ti ta thy ng c tnh h
s cng sut v c tnh tn s c dao ng l do sau khi ng ti, in p iu
ch sau NL b dao ng (v cha c vng iu chnh in p li).
+
M phng cng mt gi tr t (cos* = 0.95) vi cc gi tr cos khc

nhau ca ph ti. Ph ti trung bnh 2.3kW.
Dien ap tai (V)
100
20
50
10
0
-10
-50
-100
Dong dien tai (A)
30
-20
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
0.5
0.6
He so cong suat
1
0.9
-30
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.6
Tan so (Hz)
60
SP=0.95
40
0.8
0.7
20
0.6
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
Hnh 8.19 Ph ti c cos = 0.7 (R = 50, L = 0.162H): Tn s li fs = 21.4Hz, f

= -28.6Hz
Dien ap tai (V)
100
20
50
10
0
-10
-50
-100
-20
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
0.5
0.6
He so cong suat
-30
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.6
Tan so (Hz)
60
SP=0.95
0.9
40
0.8
0.7
Dong dien tai (A)
30
20
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
Hnh 8.20 Ph ti c cos = 0.8 (R = 50, L = 0.119H): Tn s li fs=28.4Hz, f =

-21.6Hz
282

Dien ap tai (V)
100
20
50
10
0
-10
-50
-100
Dong dien tai (A)
30
-20
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
0.5
0.6
He so cong suat
-30
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.6
Tan so (Hz)
60
SP=0.95
0.95
40
0.9
0.85
20
0.8
0.75
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
Hnh 8.21 Ph ti c cos = 0.84 (R = 50, L = 0.103H): Tn s li fs = 32.5Hz,

f=-17.5Hz
Dien ap tai (V)
100
20
50
10
0
-10
-50
-100
Dong dien tai (A)
30
-20
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
0.5
0.6
He so cong suat
-30
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.6
Tan so (Hz)
60
SP=0.95
0.95
40
0.9
20
0.85
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4

= -8.5Hz
8.3 M phng kim chng
283
Dien ap tai (V)
100
Dong dien tai (A)
30
20
50
10
0
-10
-50
-20
-100
0.4
0.45
0.5
t(s)
0.55
0.6
-30
0.4
0.45
He so cong suat
0.55
0.6
Tan so (Hz)
60
0.98
0.5
t(s)
40
0.96
20
0.94
0.92
SP=0.95
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.3
t(s)
0.4
0.5
0.6

= -3.4Hz
M phng cng mt gi tr ti (cos = 0.8) vi cc gi tr t khc nhau

Dien ap tai (V)
100
50
10
-50
-10
-100
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
He so cong suat
Dong dien tai (A)
20
-20
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
0.15
0.2
Tan so (Hz)
60
SP=0.84
0.9
40
0.8
20
0.7
0.6
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
0.05
0.1
t(s)
Hnh 8.24 cos = 0.84; tn s li fs = 56.8Hz, f = 6.8Hz
284

Dien ap tai (V)
100
50
10
-50
-10
-100
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
He so cong suat
Dong dien tai (A)
20
-20
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
0.15
0.2
Tan so (Hz)
60
SP=0.88
0.9
50
0.8
40
0.7
30
0.6
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
20
0.05
0.1
t(s)
Hnh 8.25 cos* = 0.88; Tn s li fs = 47.1Hz, f = -2.9Hz

Dien ap tai (V)
100
50
20
-50
-20
-100
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
He so cong suat
Dong dien tai (A)
40
-40
0.05
0.9
0.15
0.2
0.15
0.2
Tan so (Hz)
60
SP=0.92
0.1
t(s)
40
0.8
20
0.7
0.6
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
0.05
0.1
t(s)
Hnh 8.26 cos* = 0.92; Tn s li fs = 36.9Hz, f = -13.1Hz
Cc kt qu m phng cho php kt lun v trin vng b K lm vic tt,

p ng c cc yu cu c v s thay i ti ngu nhin, vi tt c cc gi tr
khc nhau ca ph ti. Hn na b K c kh nng phn ng rt nhanh vi s
thay i gi tr t, s thay i ca ti. Cc qu trnh qu xy ra rt nhanh
(tqd<0.1s) nn kh nng ng dng b K vo thc t l rt cao.
Vn cn li ca ta l phi xc nh c phm vi ng dng ca phng
php ci thin h s cng sut va c nghin cu, thit k v kim chng
bng m phng. H s cng sut c th ci thin c n bao nhiu vi mt
bn cht ti khi iu kin gii hn tn s phi nm trong mt phm vi no .
Thc hin m phng tng t cho cc trng hp bn cht ti v gi tr t cn
8.3 M phng kim chng
285
li, ta thu c ng c tnh th hin mi quan h gia 3 i lng: h s

cng sut t cos*, h s cng sut ti cos ng vi tn s c bn 50Hz v
mc bin thin tn s li f nh sau:
15
SP=0,8
SP=0,75
10
SP=0,9
SP=0,85
SP=0,95
f (Hz)
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
cos_Load
Hnh 8.27 Quan h gia f v cos
th trn cho ta mt ci nhn ht sc trc quan ng dng ca phng php

ci thin h s cng sut bng iu khin tn s li. Vi vic iu khin chnh
xc tn s li, ta c th ci thin c h s cng sut cho ph ti mt cch
ng k v tt nhin ta cng khng th khng ni n vai tr ca t b. V d
theo hnh 30, khi cho php tn s li dao ng trong khong 5Hz ta c th
ko cos = 0.7 ln cos* = 0.825.
M phng vi b PI m
+
Ph ti danh nh (20KVA, cos = 0.9)

Dien ap tai (V)
100
Dong dien tai (A)
50
50
0
-50
-100
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
-50
0.05
He so cong suat
0.15
0.2
0.15
0.2
Tan so (Hz)
60
0.98
0.1
t(s)
40
SP=0.95
0.96
20
0.94
0.92
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
0.05
0.1
t(s)
Hnh 8.28 Kt qu m phng ph ti danh nh: Tn s li fs = 48.4Hz
286
Ph ti thay i ngu nhin

Dien ap tai (V)
100
50
20
-50
-20
-100
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
He so cong suat
Dong dien tai (A)
40
-40
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
0.15
0.2
Tan so (Hz)
100
SP=0.95
80
0.95
60
40
0.9
20
0.85
0.05
0.1
t(s)
0.15
0.2
0.05
0.1
t(s)
Hnh 8.29 Kt qu m phng vi ph ti thay i
Qua 2 trng hp m phng trn ta thy c 2 b K PI kinh in v PI m

u cho kt qu tt nh nhau. Nh vy khi ci t thut ton trong thc t ta
c th dng mt trong 2 b K u t c mc ch ci thin h s cng
sut vi tc nhanh.

[1]
Nguyn Phng Quang: iu khin t ng truyn ng in xoay chiu

ba pha. NXB Gio dc, H Ni, 1998
[2]
Nguyn Phng Quang: MATLAB & SIMULINK dnh cho k s iu khin

t ng. NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni, 2004
[3]
Trng Xun Hng: Nghin cu phng php iu chnh n nh in p

ra ca trm pht in chy sc gi thuc ti KC.06.20.CN. Lun vn
Cao hc, HBK H Ni, 2005
[4]
Nguyn Phng Quang, L Minh Kin, Phm Minh Tn: Phng php iu
khin b h s cng sut cos trong h thng pht in chy sc gi
KC.06.20.CN. Chuyn san K thut iu khin t ng, s 6(4)2006, tr.
35 44, tp ch T ng ha ngy nay
[5]
Nguyn Don Phc: L thuyt iu khin tuyn tnh. NXB Khoa hc v

K thut, H Ni, 2005
[6]
Nguyn Don Phc, Phan Xun Minh: L thuyt iu khin m. NXB

Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni, 2002
9 Sn phm o to: K s, Thc s, Tin s
Trong cc dng sn phm ng k ca ti KC.06.20CN cn c sn

phm phi vt th l kt qu o to cc bc khc nhau nh K s, Thc s v
Tin s, cng nh cc bi vit ng trn cc tp ch, hay bo co hi ngh trong
v ngoi nc.
9.1 Cc sn phm o to
9.1.1 Danh sch cc n tt nghip K s

[1]
Trnh Vn Hun, Nguyn Hong: Nghin cu, thit k cu trc iu khin

h thng pht in chy sc gi c cng sut di 10-30kW (thuc
ti KC.06.20CN). n tt nghip K45, H Bch Khoa H Ni, 2005
[2]
Phm L Chi, Nguyn Quang Tun: Xy dng cu trc iu khin h

thng my pht in khng ng b ngun kp tch knh trc tip,
kim chng bng m phng trn nn MATLAB & Simulink v PLECS.
n tt nghip K45, H Bch Khoa H Ni, 2005
[3]
Phm Minh Tn, L Minh Kin: Nghin cu, thit k cu trc iu khin
b cos cho li ph ti ca h thng pht in sc gi c cng sut
di 10-30kW thuc ti KC.06.20CN. n tt nghip K46, H Bch
Khoa H Ni, 2006
[4]
L Ngc Trc: Tng quan v xut cc vn chn on gim st t

xa qua modem cho h thng pht in sc gi c cng sut di 1030kW ca ti KC.06.20CN, xy dng giao din PC phc v chn on
gim st. n tt nghip K46, H Bch Khoa H Ni, 2006
[5]
L B Yn, Ng Vn Tnh: Xy dng cu trc h thng iu khin khng

nhiu li, nng cao tnh bn vng ngn mch cho my pht in khng
ng b ngun kp c tch knh trc tip. n tt nghip K46, H
Bch Khoa H Ni, 2006
288
9 Sn phm o to: K s, Thc s, Tin s
9.1.2 Danh sch cc lun vn tt nghip Thc s

[6]
Trng Xun Hng: Nghin cu cc phng php iu khin n nh

in p ra ca trm pht in chy sc gi thuc ti KC.06.20C.
Lun vn Cao hc, H Bch Khoa H Ni, 2005
[7]
Nguyn ng Ton: Nghin cu, thit k v ch to h thng iu khin

qu trnh lu in ca trm pht in chy sc gi thuc ti
KC.06.20CN. Lun vn Cao hc, H Bch Khoa H Ni, 2005
[8]
Phm Trung Kin: Nghin cu, xut v thc hin cc phng php
iu khin gim st chn on thc trng vn hnh t xa cho trm
pht in chy sc gi thuc ti KC.06.20CN. Lun vn Cao hc, H
Bch Khoa H Ni, 2006
9.1.3 Lun vn tt nghip Tin s

[9]
Cao Xun Tuyn: Tng hp cc thut ton phi tuyn trn c s k thut
Backstepping, iu khin my in d b ngun kp trong h thng pht
in chy sc gi. Bn tho lun vn Tin s, H Bch Khoa H Ni, k
hoch bo v: cui 2007
9.2 Cc bo co hi ngh, hi tho hay tp ch trong v ngoi nc
9.2.1 Trong nc
[10] Nguyn Phng Quang: Nghin cu, thit k v ch to thit b pht in
chy sc gi ti Vit Nam - Tim nng v c hi. Tp ch T ng ha
ngy nay, s 12(40)2003, tr. 20 21
[11] Cao Xun Tuyn, Nguyn Phng Quang: Cc thut ton phi tuyn trn c
s k thut Backstepping iu khin my in d b ngun kp trong h
thng pht in chy sc gi. The 6th Vietnam Conference on Automation
(6th VICA). H Ni 4/2005, Hi ngh ton quc ln 6 v T ng ha, tr.
545 550
[12] Nguyn Quang Tun, Phm L Chi, Nguyn Phng Quang: Cu trc tch
knh trc tip iu khin h thng my pht in khng ng b ngun
kp. Chuyn san K thut iu khin t ng, s 6(2)2005, tr. 28 35
[13] Quc Quang, Nguyn Phng Quang, Xun Ngi, Trn Xun Thnh,
Nguyn nh Kin, L Khnh Ton: Static Analysis of Cable-braced
9.2 Cc bo co hi ngh, hi tho hay tp ch trong v ngoi nc
289
Column Used at 10-30kW Wind Power Plant KC.06.20CN. Chuyn san

K thut iu khin t ng, s 12(3)2005, tr. 34 39
[14] Nguyn Phng Quang, L Anh Tun, Trng Xun Hng, Ph Kim Phc,
Phm Trung Kin: H thng pht in sc gi cng sut 20kW hot ng
ch c o. Tp ch T ng ha ngy nay, s 1+2(65+66)2006, tr.
76 79 v 83
[15] Nguyn Phng Quang, L Minh Kin, Phm Minh Tn: Phng php iu
khin b h s cng sut trong h thng pht in chy sc gi
35 44
[16] Phm Trung Kin, Nguyn Phng Quang: Gim st thc trng vn hnh
v chn on li t xa h thng pht in chy sc gi thuc ti
51 57
[17] Cao Xun Tuyn, Nguyn Phng Quang: Kt qu thc nghim iu khin
my in khng ng b ngun kp trong h thng pht in chy sc
gi p dng phng php thit k phi tuyn backstepping. Chuyn san
K thut iu khin t ng, s 12(5)2006, tr. 3 12
[18] Nguyn Phng Quang, L Anh Tun: iu ch in p cho nghch lu cu
1 pha - Gii quyt vn di cch nhn vector. Tp ch T ng ha
ngy nay, s 1+2(77+78)2007, tr. 23 27
9.2.2 Ngoi nc
[19] Nguyn Phng Quang: Nichtlineare Regelstrukturen mit direkter Entkopplung: Neue Eigenschaften fr Systeme mit pulswechselrichtergespeisten Drehstrommaschinen. Workshop am Elektrotechnischen
Institut der TU Dresden, 8. Sept. 2005
[20] Nguyn Phng Quang, Andreas Dittrich, Phng Ngc Ln: Doubly-Fed
Induction Machine as Generator in Wind Power Plant - Nonlinear Control
Algorithms with Direct Decoupling. Intern. Conf. CD Proc. of 11th
European Conf. on Power Electronics and Applications, 11-14 Sept. 2005
Dresden, Germany (in li: Chuyn san K thut iu khin t ng, s
12(3)2005, tr. 22 28)
[21] Phng Ngc Ln, Nguyn Phng Quang, Peter Bchner: A Non-linear
Control Algorithm for Improving Performance of Wind Generator Using
Doubly-Fed Induction Generator. Europe Wind Energy Conference
Athens, 26th February 2nd March 2006
10 Kt lun v kin ngh
10.1 Kt lun
Bn bo co gii thiu cc sn phm c ng k cc mc 15, 16, 17
(thuc phn III: Kt qu ti) ca Bn thuyt minh ti (ph lc ca Hp
ng s 20CN/2004/H-TCT-KC.06, k vi B KH&CN) cng vi cc ni dung
khoa hc i km theo tng sn phm.
Trung thnh vi sn phm ng k, ng thi d theo di, bn bo co
c b cc thnh cc chng ng vi tng sn phm. Gm c:
Cc sn phm l h thng, thit b c th ng k mc 17: l cc

chng 1, 2, 3 v 4.
Cc sn phm phi vt th ng k mc 16:
Cc phng php iu khin my pht: l cc chng 5 v 6.
Cc sn phm di dng s , bn v: Do khi lng bn v (in, c

kh, xy dng) v Listing ca phn mm (chy trn DSP, PLC v PC)
kh phong ph, chng c tp trung phn ph lc ca bo co.
Cc sn phm khc (sn phm o to): Chng 9.
Cc sn phm phi vt th khng c trong ng k: Bao gm cc phng

php, cc tng cn thit ny sinh trong qu trnh thc hin ti.
l hai chng 7 v 8.
Trn c s cc kt qu lm v trnh by trong bo co, nhm ti

c th khng nh rng:
ti hon thnh tt nhim v c t ra, theo ng cc yu cu v
ni dung v cht lng. Vic chm tr kt thc nghim thu c tc ng
ca nguyn nhn thin tai khch quan l rt ng tic.
10.2 Kin ngh

Sau qu trnh thc hin, nhm ti KC.06.20CN c duy nht mt kin ngh
nh sau: pht huy cc kt qu t c v tn dng tt hn na
ngun nng lng sch, B KH&CN nn xut v giao thc hin ti v
mt h thng nng lng lai gia sc gi v mt tri c cng sut 20kW
TI LIU K THUT V HNG DN

VN HNH H THNG IN-IU KHIN
CA TRM PHT IN SC GI
(20060619-2)
MC LC
MC LC .................................................................................................................................. 2
DANH MC CC HNH V .................................................................................................... 3
1.
Gii thiu chung ................................................................................................................. 4

M t thit b .......................................................................................................................... 4
Nguyn tc hot ng ............................................................................................................. 5
2.
B tr thit b trong t iu khin trung tm ....................................................................... 6

n trng thi ......................................................................................................................... 6
ng h hin th ..................................................................................................................... 7
Nt bm .................................................................................................................................. 8
Cc cng tc t ng ct......................................................................................................... 8
Cc phn t khc .................................................................................................................... 9
Cu u EC...........................................................................................................................10
3.
B tr thit b trong t phn phi in nng...................................................................... 11

Cc thit b............................................................................................................................ 11
Thanh ci .............................................................................................................................. 11
Cu u ................................................................................................................................. 12
4.
Quy trnh vn hnh ........................................................................................................... 13

Chn ch hot ng ......................................................................................................... 13
Cp in cho t iu khin trung tm................................................................................... 13
Ngt in vo t iu khin trung tm ................................................................................. 14
Cho php b nghch lu chy ............................................................................................... 14
Dng hot ng ca b nghch lu ...................................................................................... 14
Khi c li ..............................................................................................................................15
Khi c hin tng qu ti ..................................................................................................... 15
DANH MC CC HNH V
Hnh 1: S nguyn l ca h thng in iu khin.............................................................. 4
Hnh 2: S mt bng b tr trong phng iu khin .............................................................. 4
Hnh 3: S b tr mt trc ca t iu khin trung tm....................................................... 6
Hnh 4: S b tr thit b bn trong t iu khin trung tm ................................................. 9
Hnh 5: B tr thit b bn trong ca t phn phi in nng ................................................... 11
1. Gii thiu chung
Hnh 1: S nguyn l ca h thng in iu khin
(a)
(b)
Hnh 2: S mt bng b tr trong phng iu khin
(a) l cc thit b t trn tng - (b) l cc thit b t di nn
M t thit b
Cu dao sau my
pht
c b tr pha trc aptomat AT (nm bn trong t iu khin - Hnh

1), ch vn hnh bnh thng, cu dao v tr ng mch.
Cng t ba pha
Mc pha trc ng in ba pha a vo t phn phi, c nhim v

o cng sut tiu th ca ton b li ph ti lp vo h thng.
T in phn phi
Thc hin phn phi in ti cc cp tiu th vi mc u tin khc
nhau.
T iu khin
trung tm
Thc hin cc nhim v iu khin, phn phi in nng v.v...
My bin p ba
pha
Bin i in p ra t t iu khin thnh in p tiu th 220VAC pha

(380VAC dy).
Dn acqui 1 v 2
Mc song song vi nhau, mi dn c 10 bnh (loi 12VDC), thc hin

chc nng tch tr v n nh in p.
Nguyn tc hot ng
in ba pha ly v t my pht chy bng sc gi c bin bin i: 0 - 380VAC, tn s
bin i: 0 - 50Hz, n c a thng vo t iu khin trung tm v c bin i thnh
in mt chiu a n 1 trong 3 phn sau:
in tr x (Dump Load), c b tr ti b nc pha ngoi phng iu khin;
acqui (thng qua mch np acqui), tch tr in;
nghch lu thnh in xoay chiu ba pha v a ra ngoi h thng ti tiu th, trc
khi a ra n bn ngoi ti, in p ba pha nghch lu s c a qua my bin p
ba pha (Hnh 2) v a vo t phn phi.
Khi h thng bt u hot ng, S1 ng mch np in cho b t C (gm 4 t

1000uF/400V) trong mt khong thi gian (vi chc giy), sau S2 ng mch a b
chnh lu chnh hot ng.
Trng hp 1: Khi nng lng thu c t pha my pht ln hn nng lng tiu th
pha ph ti, phn nng lng d tha s c np vo acqui ginh s dng sau ny. Song
song vi qu trnh np, nu vn c s chnh lch gia nng lng thu c v u ra, phn
in tr t s hot ng tiu hao nng lng chnh lch .
Trng hp 2: khi nng lng thu c t my pht li nh hn so vi mc tiu th ca
pha ph ti, nng lng tch tr trong acqui s c a ra b p s thiu ht. Bn cnh ,
pha ph ti c b tr thnh cc mc u tin khc nhau, bi ton b p thiu ht cng c
x l bng bin php ct bt cc ph ti c mc u tin thp. Trn thc t, vic ct bt ph ti
v/hoc s dng nng lng tch tr trong acqui cho trng hp ny c thc hin hon ton
t ng v vic s dng nng lng d tr trong acqui c gii hn nht nh (tng nng lng
d tr c th s dng c l ti a 200Ah).
2. B tr thit b trong t iu khin trung tm

n
ng h
Cng tc
Hnh 3: S b tr n, nt bm, ng h trn mt t
n trng thi
n iu khin, bo trng thi ca t iu khin - t ang hot ng. Bt
sng khi nhn nt Khi ng, tt khi nhn nt Dng.
Sau khi nhn nt Dng, i n khi n tt t mi dng thc s. Lc ngi vn hnh
mi c th ct S4 (xem v tr S4 theo Hnh 4)
n Acqui, hin th trng thi ca b phn acqui. Gm cc trng hp sau:

+ n sng bnh thng, t iu khin ang ly in t acqui (cho trng
hp gi yu, nng lng thu c nh hn kh nng tiu th ca ph ti);
+ n nhy nhanh (0,5 giy/ln), cnh bo acqui sp cn;
+ n nhy chm (1,5 giy/ln), cnh bo acqui ang c np.
n Nc vi, bo trng thi ca mc nc b cha - mc thp.
Trong trng hp ny, t iu khin s khng hot ng cho n khi nc c bm b
sung vo b cha.
n Cp in, bo trng thi ca b nghch lu - b nghch lu hot

ng. Bt sng khi nhn nt Cp in, khi nhn nt Ngt in, n vn
sng cho n khi b nghch lu ngng hot ng.
B nghch lu l mt phn t trong t iu khin, thc hin bin i in p mt chiu
thnh in p xoay chiu ba pha a ra ti tiu th.
n Qu ti, cnh bo trng thi pha ph ti.
n Li, cnh bo trng thi hot ng ca t iu khin - c li trong qu

trnh vn hnh ca t, li cn c x l. Xem thm mc 4 trong ti liu
ny.
ng h hin th
Ba ng h hin th gi tr dng in xoay chiu ba pha pha s cp ca
my bin p (u ra ca t iu khin trung tm).
c im gi tr o: gi tr hin th trn mt ng h ln hn hai ln gi tr dng in tht
s.
ng h in p ra, hin th gi tr in p ra pha th cp ca my bin

p. ng h cho php o 3 gi tr in p pha, 3 gi tr in p dy thng
qua cng tc nm pha di.
ng h My pht, hin th gi tr in p dy a ra t my pht.
ng h Acqui, hin th gi tr in p ca dn acqui.
Nt bm
Nt Khi ng, cho php t iu khin trung tm hot ng.
Nt Dng, dng hot ng ca t iu khin trung tm.
Nt Cp in, khi ng hot ng ca b nghch lu.
Nt Ngt in, dng hot ng ca b nghch lu.
Nt chn ch hot ng. Gm:

+ Auto: ch hot ng t ng, cc nt Cp in, Ngt in khng c
s dng, hot ng ca b nghch lu l t ng
+ Man: ch hot ng bng tay, hot ng ca b nghch lu c iu
khin thng qua cc nt Cp in, Ngt in.
Cc cng tc t ng ct
AT
Atmt tng, t ngay u vo ca ng in ba pha t my pht a vo

t iu khin trung tm. AT phi c ng li trc khi cho t hot ng,
v phi ngt sau khi t dng hot ng m bo an ton. ng ngt AT
c thc hin bng tay bi ngi vn hnh.
S1
Khi ng t, ng ngt mch np t. S1 c iu khin t ng theo

chng trnh.
S2
Khi ng t, ng ngt mch chnh lu chnh. S2 c iu khin t ng

theo chng trnh.
S3
Atmt pha nghch lu, ng ngt b nghch lu vo h thng. ng ngt

S3 c thc hin bng tay bi ngi vn hnh.
S3 phi c ng trc khi cho b nghch lu hot ng.
S4
Atmt pha acqui, ng ngt dn acqui vo h thng. ng ngt S4 c

thc hin bng tay bi ngi vn hnh.
S4 phi c ng trc khi khi ng t iu khin trung tm v c ngt sau khi t
iu khin dng hot ng.
S5
Atmt pha acqui, ng ngt dn acqui vo pha nghch lu, ng khi c

yu cu dng ngun acqui a ra cung cp cho ti tiu th. ng ngt S5
8
c thc hin bng tay bi ngi vn hnh.
Hnh 4: S b tr thit b bn trong t iu khin trung tm
Cc phn t khc
R1..R39
Rle ng ct
PLC
B iu khin cp trn
BK-WindDriver
B iu khin cp di
CB1..CB4
LEM Board
SVDC1
Cc cu u dy
B o dng in mch mch mt chiu
Ngun in mt chiu 24V
9
SVDC2
Ngun in mt chiu +/-15V
MDB
B chnh lu mch chnh
D1
Diode (xem Hnh 1)
Dump Load
IGBT
Van ng ct cho in tr t
Battery Charge
Board
Mch np acqui v iu khin in tr t
Transformer
Bin p cho SVDC2
CC1..CC3
Cc cuc bin dng, o dng pha s cp my bin p, a ra hin th trn

mt trc ca t iu khin (ng h I1..I3)
EC
Cu u vo ra cho t iu khin trung tm
Cu u EC
Th t tnh t tri sang phi trn Hnh 4 nh sau
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
Ra s cp
my bin p
16
17
18
Vo t my pht
Ra in
tr t
Ra acqui
Vo t th cp
my bin p
GA GB GC
GA GB GC
Lu : Cc chn cu u thng c in p rt cao khi t iu khin hot ng do khng c php thc hin
u ni khi t ang hot ng.
10
3. B tr thit b trong t phn phi in nng
Hnh 5: B tr thit b bn trong ca t phn phi in nng
Cc thit b
DS1
Aptmt phn phi tng, ng ct li phn phi vo h thng
DS2
Cng tc t ca nhnh ph ti loi 2, tng ng vi mc u tin th 2

DS2 c iu khin ng ct t PLC
DS3
Cng tc t ca nhnh ph ti loi 3, tng ng vi mc u tin th 3

DS3 c iu khin ng ct t PLC
FU1, FU2,
FU3
Cu ch cho 3 pha ph ti tiu th, loi 500V/50A.
Thanh ci
TC51, TC52,
TC53
TC54
Thanh ci cho 3 pha ph ti tiu th

Thanh ci cho dy trung tnh
11
Cu u
DP1
Cu u pha u vo ca t phn phi
DP2
Cu u u ra cho nhnh ph ti loi 2
DP3
Cu u u ra cho nhnh ph ti loi 3
Trong Hnh 5, th t ca cu u DP1, tnh t tri sang phi nh sau:

1
T t iu khin
trung tm
th t ca cu u DP2, tnh t tri sang phi nh sau:

1
Pha
10
Pha
11
12
Tn hiu
iu khin DS2
CT38A
Pha
CT38B
Trung tnh
10
11
12
th t ca cu u DP3, tnh t tri sang phi nh sau:

3
Trung tnh
Pha
8
Pha
Pha
Tn hiu
iu khin DS3
CT39A
CT39B
Lu : Cc chn cu u thng c in p rt cao khi t iu khin hot ng do khng c php thc hin
u ni khi t ang hot ng.
12
4. Quy trnh vn hnh

Cc quy trnh vn hnh:
-
chn ch hot ng;
cp in cho t iu khin trung tm;
ngt in vo t iu khin trung tm;
cho php b nghch lu chy;
dng hot ng ca b nghch lu;
khi c li;
khi c hin tng qu ti.
Quy trnh vn hnh phi c thc hin theo ng tun t cc bc (1, 2, 3...) c nu
trong ti liu ny. Vic thc hin khng ng s dn n chy n thit b v gy nguy
him cho ngi vn hnh.
Chn ch hot ng
(1)
AT
Kim tra aptmt AT trng thi ngt mch. Khng c in

p ba pha t my pht cp vo t iu khin.
(2)
S4
Kim tra aptmt S4 trng thi ngt mch. Ngun in t

acqui khng c cp vo t iu khin.
(3)
Cng tc chn ch c chuyn sang v tr Man, chn

ch hot ng bng tay, hoc chuyn v tr Auto, chn
ch hot ng t ng.
Cp in cho t iu khin trung tm

(1)
AT
(2)
Aptmt AT phi c ngt mch. Khng cho in p ba

pha t my pht cp vo t iu khin.
Cng tc chn ch phi v tr Man. Nu cha ng,
thc hin li quy trnh chn ch hot ng.
(3)
S4
Aptmt S4 trng thi ng mch, ngun in t acqui

c cp vo t iu khin.
(4)
AT
Aptmt AT ng mch. Cp in p t my pht vo t

iu khin.
13
(5)
n Nc vi bt sng bo mc nc ca b in tr t
qu thp. T s khng hot ng ngay c khi nhn nt Khi
ng. Cn b sung thm nc vo b trc khi tip tc quy
trnh.
(6)
nhn nt Khi ng cho php cc b iu khin bn

trong t hot ng.
(7)
n iu khin bt sng bo t iu khin hot ng.
Ngt in vo t iu khin trung tm

(1)
Nhn nt Dng ngng hot ng ca cc b iu khin

bn trong t.
(2)
n iu khin tt bo t ngng hot ng.
(3)
S4
Ngt aptmt S4, khng cho ngun in t acqui cp vo t

iu khin.
(4)
AT
Ngt aptmt AT, khng cho ngun in t my pht cp

vo t iu khin.
Cho php b nghch lu chy

n iu khin sng bo t iu khin ang hot ng.
(1)
(2)
S3
ng aptmt S3.
(3)
Nhn nt Cp in cho php b nghch lu chy.
(4)
n Cp in bt sng khi b nghch lu hot ng.
Dng hot ng ca b nghch lu

(1)
n Cp in sng bo b nghch lu ang hot ng.
14
(2)
Nhn nt Ngt in dng hot ng ca b nghch lu.
(3)
n Cp in tt khi b nghch lu ngng hot ng
(4)
S3
Ngt aptmt S3.
Khi c li
(1)
n iu khin sng, bo t iu khin ang hot ng.
(2)
n Cp in sng, bo b nghch lu cng ang hot ng.
(3)
n Li bt sng, ang c li xy ra trong t iu khin

trung tm.
(4)
(5)
(6)
S3
Ngt aptmt S3. Kim tra nguyn nhn gy ra li.
Khi c hin tng qu ti

(1)
n sng bo t iu khin ang hot ng v
(2)
b nghch lu cng ang hot ng.
(3)
Khi b qu ti, n bo qu ti bt sng
(4)
15
(5)
(6)
S3
Ngt aptmt S3. Nguyn nhn qu ti thng do nng

lng ti hai dn acqui tt xung n mc gii hn di.
Do vy, trm pht in s ngt ti tiu th, v tin hnh np
li acqui. Ngi vn hnh c th theo di gi tr in p
acqui quyt nh thi im ng ph ti ln sau.
16

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BGDT

Nghin cu, thit k v ch to b pht in bng sc gi

PGS. TSKH. Nguyn Phng Quang

H Ni, thng 3/2007

Bn quyn thuc PTNTH

Nghin cu, thit k v ch to b pht in bng sc gi

PGS. TSKH. Nguyn Phng Quang

H Ni, thng 3/2007

Ti liu ny c chun b trn c s kt qu thc hin ti cp

Danh sch nhng ngi thc hin

PGS. TSKH. Nguyn

ThS. L Anh Tun

KS. Ph Kim Phc

ThS. Trng Xun

KS. Phm V Dng

ThS. Triu c Long

ThS. Phm Trung

TS. Quc Quang

Vin Cng ngh, B CN

Vin C hc Vit Nam

ThS. Xun Ngi

Hc vin K thut qun

KS. Trn Xun

Vin Cng ngh, B CN

TS. Phm Anh Tun

Ni dung tham gia

Danh sch cc k hiu v ch vit tt

in p mch mt chiu (DC) trung gian

Vector t thng Stator, vector t thng Rotor

Hai thnh phn ca vector t thng Stator s

Ls, Lr, Lm, Lr, Ls

Vn tc gc mch in pha Rotor, Stator, vn tc

Ma trn qu trng thi

nghing ca qu o vector dng in

Ta theo t thng Rotor

Sn phm 1: H thng my pht in v Turbine gi c

Sn phm 2: H thng ct theo kiu module

Sn phm 3: Trm iu khin mt t

Thit k - ch to nghch lu cho thit b pht in chy

Phng php iu khin my pht khng ng b

Cu trc iu khin tuyn tnh pha my pht

Phng php iu khin my pht ng b kch thch

Chn on gim st t xa thc trng vn hnh h

Li h mch iu khin van IGBT

Cu trc b cos cho ti ch c o

Sn phm o to: K s, Thc s, Tin s

Kt lun v kin ngh

Chng 1 Sn phm 1: H thng my pht in v Turbine gi c cng

Gii thiu thit b ang s dng: My pht v Turbine nhp ngoi va

Gii thiu cc thit k, chun b cho vic t ch to my pht v

Chng 2 Sn phm 2: H thng ct theo kiu module. Gii thiu v

Phn tch, tnh ton kt cu ct dy vng.

Chng 3 Sn phm 3: Trm iu khin mt t. Gii thiu v sn

khng ch hng mc xy dng nh trm (nh) che an ton kh hu cho

cc thit b iu khin cha trong t nh: iu khin hin trng

Chng 4 Sn phm 4: H thng lu in. Gii thiu v sn phm c

Thit k h thng lu in s dng c-quy.

Thit k cu trc iu khin np c-quy.

Chng 5 Phng php iu khin my pht khng ng b. Gii

My pht khng ng b rotor dy qun (KB-RDQ), cn c gi l

My pht khng ng b rotor lng sc (KB-RLS, Squirel-Cage

Chng 6 Phng php iu khin my pht ng b kch thch vnh

Chng 7 Chn on gim st t xa thc trng vn hnh h thng