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DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : S.R.Lakshmi Prasad
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Civil Engineering
Institute : GPW, Kadapa
Year / Semester : V Semester
Subject : Environmental Engineering I
Subject Code : C-504
Topic : Environment And Ecology
Duration : 50 Minutes
Sub Topic : Environment And Biosphere
Teaching Aids : Diagrams
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OBJECTIVES:

On completion of this period you will be able to

Define Environment

Understand Environmental Engineering

Explain Biosphere and Atmosphere

Define Pollution
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Dominant & Fastest Growing discipline
Previously Started with
Water Supply Engineering
Water Supply & Sanitary Engineering
Public Health Engineering
Environmental Engineering
Environmental Engineering & Pollution Control
INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
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WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT AND WHAT
IS POLLUTION
ENVIRONMENT:
Derived - The French word Environner - means
to encircle or surround.

DEFINITION:
Environment is sum of all biotic (living) and abiotic
(non-living)components that surround and influence
an organism.
In simple the physical biological world that we live in
is Environment.
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Fig.1 Our Environment
1
2
3
3
Abiotic
components
Biotic
components
Biotic
components
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Fig.2 Environment
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Environmental engineering is the study of all factors
which exercise or may exercise a deleterious effect on

Physical development

Health

Survival of living things

And their control measures to be applied on these
factors.
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Pollutant:
Substance which causes pollution

Types of pollution:
Water Pollution
Air pollution
Noise Pollution
Soil (Land) Pollution
Nuclear / Radio Active Pollution
Thermal Pollution
Marine Pollution
Water Supply Engineering

Waste Water Engineering
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Fig..3 Different Types of Pollutions
CFCs released
into atmosphere
by aeroplanes
Smoke from
industries
Industrial
effluent
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Fig.4 Types of Pollutants
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Fig.5 Pollution Overview
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Fig..6 Water Pollution
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Fig.7 Water Pollution (Sewage)
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Fig.8 Air Pollution
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Fig.9 Air Pollutants
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Fig .10 Air Pollution -Effects
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Fig 11 Noise Pollution
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Fig 12 Pollution-Compounds
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Fig.13 Emissions of Air Pollutants
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Fig.14 Thermal Pollution
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Fig.15 Nuclear Pollution
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Fig.16 Marine Pollution
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Fig.17 Marine Pollution
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POLLUTION

Derived - a Latin word Pulluere - means
to soil or to defile (unacceptable).

DEFINITION:
Pollution is an undesirable change in Physical, Chemical
or Biological Characteristics of Air, Land and Water that
may or will harmfully affect the human, animal and plant
life.

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Segments of Environment
Biosphere

Atmosphere

Hydrosphere

Lithosphere
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Fig 18 Segments Environment
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BIOSPHERE:
Used to describe the parts of Earth and Thin
layer of Air above its surface that supports
life.
Includes regions of Air where birds can fly
and underground regions where worms
burrow.
It is shallow layer of 5 to 20 Km of thick from
the bottom of the ocean to the highest point
in the atmosphere at which life can survive
without man made materials.
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Fig.19 Biosphere
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ATMOSPHERE:

The blanket of Air which surrounds the earth.


Atmosphere
78% of N
2
21% of O
2
0.3% of CO
2
0.07% of other gases
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The distinct layers of Atmosphere


Troposphere

Stratosphere

Mesosphere

Heterosphere (Ionosphere + Thermosphere)

Exosphere
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Troposphere
The region close to Earth up to 10 Km High

Contains Water Vapor , Dust, O
2
, N
2,
CO
2,
Clouds etc.

Direct Relevance to Biosphere
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Stratosphere
The region above Troposphere and extends from10 Km
to 50 Km High

Contains Ozone layer

Protects from Ultraviolet Rays & Hazardous Radiation
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Mesosphere
The region above Stratosphere and extends from 50Km
to 85 Km High

Contains Some quantities of Ozone

It has layer of ionized Air and Produces Solar Ultraviolet
Radiations

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Heterosphere
The region above Mesosphere and extends from 85 Km
to 500 Km High

Contains Ionosphere and Thermosphere

In Ionosphere O
2
& NO present in ionized State due to
Ultraviolet Radiation.

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In Thermosphere O
2
& N
2
mixture is present in the
ratio of 1:1.

Ozone, CO
2
and Water are Absent

Most of the gases are Virtually Ionized


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Exosphere
The region above Heterosphere and above 500 Km High

Contains mainly Hydrogen and lower part contains large
quantities of Helium

Temperature is upto 1200
0
C

It is known as Helium Zone.

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HYDROSPHERE
71% of Earths surface is covered with water.

Contains mainly Water.

Contains all types of Water resources

Water resources
(a) Surface Sources
(b) Subsurface Sources
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LITHOSPHERE
Solid part of Earth .

Contains mainly Core, Mantle, Crust.

Core is central fluid of dia.2500 Km and contains Iron
and Nickel.

Mantle extends about 2900 Km

The outer most Solid Part is Crust and About 5 to 35Km

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Fig.20 Atmosphere
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Fig.21 Layers of Atmosphere
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Fig.22 Different layers of Atmosphere
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Fig.23 Altitudes of Atmospheric layers
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Fig.24
Atmosphere
Fig.25 Segments of Environment
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Summary
We have discussed

Environment

Pollution

Relation Between Environment & Pollution
Control

Segments of Environment and Biosphere

Layers of Atmosphere
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QUIZ
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1. Environment means
a) To isolate
b) To encircle
c) To segregate
d) None

Ans:b)
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2. Environment is the sum of
a) Living things
b) Non living things
c) Living and Non living things
d) None of the above

Ans: C
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3)Pollution means
a) Acceptable change
b) Unacceptable change
c) Both a & b
d) None

Ans: b)
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(4) Substance which causes Pollution is

(a) Solid

(b) Liquid

(c) Fluid

(d) Pollutant
Ans: d)
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Frequently asked Questions in Examination

1) Define Environment

2) What is Pollution? State different types of pollution

3) Define Biosphere?

4) State different layers of Atmosphere?

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Assignment Questions

1) Define Environment and Pollution?

2) State different types of pollution ? Any one in detail.

3) Write short notes on Biosphere?

4) State different layers of Atmosphere?

5) Distinguish Troposphere and Stratosphere