SSN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING














LAB MANUAL


EE2356 MICROPROCESSOR & MICRO CONTROLLER
LABORATORY







DEC 2010-APRIL 2011






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Expt.No. Name of the experiment
1 Arithmetic operations using 8085 Microprocessor.
2a Sorting of numbers (Ascending & descending) using 8085 Microprocessor.
2b Number conversions (BCD HEX, HEX BCD).
3 Arithmetic operations using 8086 Microprocessor.
4a Interfacing 8 bit ADC Converter with 8085 Microprocessor.
4b Interfacing 8 bit DAC Converter with 8085 Microprocessor.
5 Traffic Light controller using 8085 Microprocessor.
6a Square Wave Generation using 8254
6b Serial Data Transmission using 8251
7 Interfacing 8279 with 8085 microprocessor
8 8 bit Arithmetic operations using 8051 Microcontroller.
9 Finding the smallest and largest number in an array of numbers using 8051
Microcontroller
10 Interfacing 8 bit DAC Converter with 8051 Microcontroller
11 Interfacing of Stepper Motor with 8051 Microcontroller
12 Interfacing Traffic Light Controller using 8051


















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EXPT NO 1 ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS USING 8085
AIM:
To write the assembly language programs for performing the following
arithmetic operations:
a) 16 bit binary addition.
b) 16 bit binary subtraction.
c) 16 bit binary multiplication.
d) 16 bit binary division.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Microprocessor kit, Power supply.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

Write an ALP in 8085 P to add and subtract two 16-bit binary numbers stored
in the memory locations 4100 & 4101 and 4102 & 4103 and store the result starting
from the memory location 4105H. Also provide an instruction in the above program to
observe the carry also and store the carry in the memory location 4104H.

ALGORITHM:
16 BIT ADDITION:
1 Start.
1. Enter the two 16 bit data in two register pairs HL and DE.
2. Initialize a carry counter register B to zero.
3. Add the contents of register pairs.
4. If a carry is generated, increment the carry counter B.
5. Store the Carry in the B register and the sum, which is in the register pair HL in
the memory.
6. Stop.




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16 BIT SUBTRACTION:
1. Start.
2. Get the two 16 bit data in two of the register pairs.
3. Subtract the Low Order Byte of data1 from that of the data 2.
4. Subtract the How Order Byte of data1 along with borrow from that of the data2.
5. Store the result in memory.
6. Stop.
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Write an ALP in 8085 P to multiply two 16-bit binary numbers stored in the
memory locations 4100(LOB) & 4101(HOB) and 4102(LOB) & 4103(HOB) and store
the result in the memory location 4104H & 4105H.Write instructions for performing
16-bit division also.
16 BIT MULTIPLICATION.
1. Start.
2. Initialize BC register pair to store the Carry.
3. Store the data 1 and data 2 in DE register pair and SP register.
4. Initialize the HL register pair to zero, to store the result.
5. Multiply by repeated addition of data 1 data 2 times.
6. If carry flag is set during addition., increment the carry register pair.
7. Store the product available in HL pair in memory.
8. Store the contents of the BC register pair which is the carry in memory.
9. Stop.
16 - BIT DIVISION
1. Start.
1. Store the dividend in HL register pair.
2. Store the divisor in BC register pair
3. Initialize the DE register pair to zero, to carry the quotient.
4. Perform repeated subtraction of divisor from dividend till the dividend is less
than the divisor.
5. For every subtraction done, keep on incrementing the quotient register pair DE.
6. Store the remainder pair in memory.
7. Store the quotient in memory.
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8. Stop.
FLOW CHART

16-BIT ADDITION 16-BIT SUBTRACTION













































START
INITIALISE
CARRY REGISTER
LOAD TWO NOS. IN
REGISTER PAIRS
ADD THE TWO
NUMBERS
ANY
CARRY
INCREMENT
CARRY
REGISTER
STORE THE
RESULT
STOP
NO
YES
START
LOAD THE TWO
NUMBERS
INTIALIZE BORROW
REGISTER
SUBTRACT THE
TWO NUMBERS
ANY
BORROW?
INCREMENT
CARRY
REGISTER
STORE THE
RESULT
STOP
NO
YES
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16-BIT MULTIPLICATION 16-BIT DIVISION















































START
GET MULTIPLIER AND
MULTIPLICAND IN
REGISTER PAIRS

PRODUCT=0000
REG. PAIR = REG. PAIR +
MULTIPLICAND
MULTIPLIER =
MULTIPLIER 1
IS MULTIPLIER
= 0?
NO
STORE REGISTER
PAIR
YES
STOP
START
LOAD DIVISOR &
DIVIDEND
QUOTIENT = 0
DIVIDEND =
DIVIDEND DIVISOR
QUOTIENT =
QUOTIENT + 1
IS
DIVIDEND <
DIVISOR
YES
NO
STORE QUOTIENT
STOP
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EXPT NO 2 SORTING of NUMBERS USING 8085
(ASCENDING AND DESCENDING ORDER)

AIM:
To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) to sort a given array of
numbers in ascending and descending order.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Microprocessor kit, Power supply.
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
An array of length 10 is stored from the location starting from 5000H. Sort it
into descending and ascending orders and store the resultant starting from the location
5300H.
ALGORITHM:
SORTING IN ASCENDING ORDER:
a. Start.
b. Load the array count in a register. Initialize a carry flag FF to zero.
c. Get the first two numbers.
d. Compare the numbers and swap them if necessary so that the two numbers are in
ascending order. If swapping is done, set the carry flag FF.
e. Repeat the steps c and d till the array is completed.
f. Repeat the steps c, d and e till carry flag FF remains Reset.
f. Stop
SORTING IN DESCENDING ORDER:
a. Start.
b. Load the array count in a register. Initialize a Carry Flag FF to zero.
c. Get the first two numbers.
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d. Compare the numbers and swap them so that the two numbers are in descending
order. And set the Carry Flag FF.
e. Repeat steps c and d till the array is completed.
f. Repeat the steps c, d and e till the Carry Flag FF remains Reset.
g. Stop.

FLOW CHART:
ASCENDING ORDER DESCENDING ORDER







































START
INITIALIZE POINTER
COUNT = COUNT 1
FLAG = 0
IS POINTER
POINTER + 1
TEMP = POINTER
POINTER = POINTER + 1
POINTER + 1 = TEMP
FLAG=FLAG+1

POINTER = POINTER +1
COUNT = COUNT + 1
IS COUNT
= 0
IS FLAG =
0
STOP
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
START
INITIALIZE POINTER
COUNT = COUNT 1
FLAG = 0
IS POINTER
POINTER + 1
TEMP = POINTER
POINTER = POINTER + 1
POINTER + 1 = TEMP
FLAG=FLAG+1
POINTER = POINTER +1
COUNT = COUNT + 1
IS COUNT
= 0
IS FLAG =
0
STOP
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
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EXPT NO 2b NUMBER CONVERSIONS USING 8085
(BCD TO HEXA AND HEXA TO BCD)

AIM:
To write an Assembly language program for converting a two digit BCD
number (maximum of 99) to hexadecimal and to convert a hexadecimal number
(maximum of FFH) to BCD.


ALGORITHM:
CONVERSION OF BCD TO HEXADECIMAL:
1. Start.
2. Separate the given 8 - bit packed BCD number into two 4 bit
unpacked BCD nibbles(BCD1 and BCD2).
3. Multiply BCD2 the most significant nibble, by 10.
4. Add BCD1 to the answer from step3.
5. Store the result and Stop.
CONVERSION OF BCD TO HEXADECIMAL:
1. Start.
2. Read the hexadecimal number.
3. Initialize a memory location to store the number of 100s. Find the
number of 100s and store it in the memory.
4. Find the number of 10s from the remainder and store it in the next
memory location.
5. The remainder now contains the number of 1s and store it in the next
memory location.
7. Stop.






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FLOW CHART:

BCD TO HEX HEXA TO BCD


















































START
GET MOST
SIGNIFICANT
DIGIT(MSD)
MSD =
MSD x 10
HEX DATA = MSD +
LSD (LEAST
SIGNIFICANT DIGIT)
STORE HEX
DATA
START
START
GET DATA CARRY =0
HUNDREDS =0
TENS=0
DATA =DATA -100
HUNDREDS
=HUNDREDS + 1
IS CARRY
=1 ?
DATA =DATA +100
DATA =DATA - 10
IS CARRY
= 1 ?
DATA =DATA -10
UNITS =DATA
STORE HUNDREDS ,
TENS , UNITS
STOP
TENS = TENS + 1
YES
YES
NO
NO
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EXPT NO: 4 A

INTERFACING 8 BIT ADC CONVERTER USING 8085

Aim:
To obtain the digital output corresponding to the analog input.

Apparatus Required:
1. Microprocessor 8085 Trainer Kit
2. Display Interface Kit
3. Flat Cable Connector
4. Power Supply +5 V


Algorithm:
1. Start
2. Initialize control word of 8255 to enable ports A, B as output ports and port C as
output port.
3. Initialize accumulator
4. Send contents of accumulator to DAC through port A
5. Obtain comparator output to port c.
6. If accumulator =0 go to step 5else goto step 9
7. Decrement contents of accumulator
8. Go to step 4
9. Call display subroutine to display digital output
10. Stop.











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Flowchart
START


ACTIVATE THE 8255
CONTROLLER


INITIALIZE ACCUMULATOR




SEND CONTENTS OF ACCUMULATOR TO DAC THROUGH PORT A


OBTAIN COMPARATOR OUTPUT TO PORT C




IS
ACCUMULATOR = 0?



















DECREMENT CONTENTS OF
ACCUMULATOR
NO
CALL DISPLAY SUBROUTINE TO
DISPLAY DIGITAL OUTPUT
STOP
YES
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EXPT NO: 4 B INTERFACING 8 BIT DAC CONVERTER USING 8085

AIM:-
To generate different types of waveforms by interfacing a DAC with a
microprocessor trainer kit.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Intel 8085 based MPS 85 2 trainer kit, DAC interface card, 26 pin
flat cable connector, CRO with probe.
ALGORITHM:-
SQUARE WAVE FORM
1. Initialize the control word register i.e., 8255 as input port.
2. Send 00 to port A of 8255
3. Call delay subroutine
4. Send FF to port A of 8255
5. Call delay subroutine
6. Repeat the step 2 onwards.
SAW TOOTH WAVE FORM
1. Initialize the control word register.
2. Initialize the accumulator content
3. Send to port A of 8255
4. Increment the accumulator content
5. If zero flag is not set then repeat the step 3 onwards, otherwise repeat
the step 2 onwards.










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FLOW CHART:
Square Waveform: Saw tooth Waveform:










































YES
NO
START
ACTIVATE THE 8255
CONTROLLER
SEND 00 TO PORT A
CALL DISPLAY
SUBROUTINE
SEND FF TO PORT
A
CALL DISPLAY
SUBROUTINE
START
ACTIVATE THE 8255
CONTROLLER
ACC = 00
SEND ACC TO PORT
A
ACC = ACC + 1
IF Z
=0
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EXPT. NO:5

TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER USING 8085 MICROPROCESSOR


AIM:-
To write an Assembly language Programme for traffic light controller.
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
8085 microprocessor kit and Power Supply.
ALGORITHM:-
1. Start.
2. Write the control word to initialize 8255.Obtain the data for
each direction and store in the memory.
3. Initialize a counter to indicate the number of directions.
4. Initialize HL Pair to the starting address of the data..
5. Check the result.
6. Decrement the counter and repeat step 3 till counter becomes
zero.
7. Stop.
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FLOW CHART TRAFFIC CONTROLLER






























START
Write control word to initialize
8255
Initialize a counter.
Initialize HL pair to 9000h
Call Display Program
Introduce a Delay of 4 Seconds
Call Display Program

Introduce a Delay of 4 Sec.
Decrement the counter
Call Display Program
COUNTER = 0?
Introduce a Delay Of 4 Sec.
NO
YES
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FLOW CHART DISPLAY PROGRAM


































SEND CONTROL WORD TO ACC FROM MEMORY

INCREMENT HL REG. PAIR CONTENT
SEND CONTROL WORD FROM MEMORY TO ACC.
OUTPUT THE DATA TO PORT C
DISPLAY
SEND CONTROL WORD TO ACC FROM MEMORY

INCREMENT HL REG. PAIR CONTENT
OUTPUT THE DATA TO A PORT
OUTPUT THE DATA TO A PORT
INCREMENT HL REG. PAIR CONTENT
RETURN
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EXPT. NO. : 6 A
SQUARE WAVE GENERATION USING 8254

AIM:
To interface 8254 with 8085 microprocessor and generate a square wave

ALGORITHM
1. Start
2. Write control word to initialize 8254 in mode 3
3. Load the LSB of the count and output in channel 0
4. Load the MSB of the count and output in channel 0
5. Stop.
FLOW CHART


































START

Write control word to initialize 8254 in mode 3

Output the LSB and MSB of the count in channel 0


STOP
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EXPT. NO. : 6 B
SERIAL DATA TRANSMISSION USING 8251

AIM:
To interface 8251 with 8085 microprocessor and to check the transmission
and reception of a character.

ALGORITHM

For transmitting the data

1. Start
2. Write control word to initialize 8254 in mode 3
3. Load the LSB of the count and output in channel 0
4. Load the MSB of the count and output in channel 0
5. Write mode instruction word and command instruction word for 8251.
6. Output the data to be transmitted to data register and enable an interrupt.


For Receiving the data


7. Read the data from the data register
8. Store the data to a memory location
9. Stop









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FLOW CHART For transmitting the data






















































START

Write control word to initialize 8254 in mode 3

Output the LSB and MSB of the count in channel 0


STOP
Write mode instruction word and command
instruction word for 8251
Output the data in data register

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FLOW CHART For receiving the data





































START
Read the data from data register
Store the data in memory location

STOP
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EXPT. NO. : 7
INTERFACING 8279 WITH 8085 MICROPROCESSOR

AIM:
To interface 8279 with 8085 microprocessor and display the rolling message
HELP US


ALGORITHM
5. Start
6. Load the HL pair with the starting address of the message to be displayed
and initialize a counter.
7. Initialize 8279
8. Output the data from memory to the data register
9. Call delay.
10. Increment the pointer and decrement the counter.
11. Repeat until counter becomes 0.
12. Stop.



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FLOW CHART























































START
Load the HL pair with the starting address of the
message to be displayed and initialize a counter.

Call Delay SUBROUTINE
Initialize 8279 and Output the data from memory to
the data register
Increment the pointer
Decrement the counter
Is the
counter
value 0
Yes
No
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EXPT NO 8 8 BIT ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS USING 8051

AIM:
To write the assembly language programs for performing the following
arithmetic operations:
a) 8 bit binary addition.
b) 8 bit binary subtraction.
c) 8 bit binary multiplication.
d) 8 bit binary division.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Microcontroller kit.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Write an ALP in 8051 c to perform 8-bit arithmetic operations for the
numbers stored in the memory location 4500H and 4501H and store the result in the
memory location 4600H.Also provide an instruction in the above program to consider
the carry also and store the carry in the memory location 4601H.

ALGORITHMS:
8 BIT ADDITION:
1. Start
2. Initialize carry register to zero.
3. Store data 1 in accumulator.
4. Store date 2 in B register.
5. Load the data pointer with external memory address
6. Add the contents of B register to that of the accumulator.
7. If a carry is generated, increment the carry counter.
8. Store the contents of the Accumulator, which is the sum in memory.
9. Move the carry register contents to Accumulator and store the same in
memory.
10. Stop.

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8 BIT SUBTRACTION:
1. Start
2. Initialize Barrow register to zero.
3. Store data 1 in accumulator and date 2 in B register respectively.
4. Subtract the contents of B register to that of the accumulator.
5. Load the data pointer with external memory address
6. If a borrow is generated, increment the borrow counter.
7. Store the contents of the Accumulator, which is the difference in memory.
8. Move the barrow register contents to Accumulator and store the same in
memory.
9. Stop.

8 BIT MULTIPLICATION:
1. Start.
2. Store data 1 in register Accumulator.
3. Store data 2 in register B.
4. Load the data pointer with external memory address
5. Multiply A and B register
6. Move the A and B register contents to the memory
7. Stop.
8 BIT DIVISION:

1. Start.
2. Store data 1 in register Accumulator.
3. Store data 2 in register B.
4. Load the data pointer with external memory address
5. Divide A and B register
6. Move the A and B register contents to the memory
7. Stop.

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FLOWCHART:

8-BIT ADDITION 8-BIT SUBTRACTION












































START
SET UP COUNTER
(CARRY)
GET SECOND
OPERAND TO
A
A = A + B
STORE THE SUM
START
GET FIRST
OPERAND TO A
SUBTRACT
SECOND
OPERAND
FROM
MEMORY
STORE THE
DIFFERENCE
STOP
IS THERE
ANY CARRY
GET FIRST
OPERAND TO B
COUNTER =
COUNTER + 1
STORE THE CARRY
STOP
SET UP COUNTER
(CARRY)
ANY CARRY?
COUNTER =
COUNTER + 1
STORE THE CARRY
NO
YES
YES
NO
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8-BIT MULTIPLICATION 8-BIT DIVISION














































START
GET MULTIPLIER IN A AND
MULTIPLICAND IN B register
Multiply the content of A
and B register

STOP
START
STOP
Load Data Pointer with
External Memory Address
Move the content of A
and B to external Address
GET DIVIDEND IN A AND
DIVISOR IN B register
Divide the content of A
and B register
Load Data Pointer with
External Memory Address
Move the content of A
and B to external Address
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EXPT NO 9 FINDING THE SMALLEST AND LARGEST NUMBER
IN AN ARRAY OF NUMBERS USING 8051

AIM:
To write Assembly Language Programs (ALP) to find the maximum and
minimum of an array of numbers.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Microcontroller Kit
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
An array of length 10 is stored from the location starting from 4600H. Sort it
into descending and ascending orders and store the resultant starting from the location
4700H.
ALGORITHM:
FINDING THE SMALLEST NUMBER OF THE ARRAY:
1. Start.
2. Load the array count in a register.
3. Get the first two numbers.
4. Compare the numbers and swap them if necessary so that the two numbers are
in descending order.
5. Repeat the steps 3 and 4 till the array is completed.
6. Repeat the steps 3, 4 and5 and store the smallest number..
7. Stop




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FINDING THE LARGEST NUMBER OF THE ARRAY:
1. Start.
2. Load the array count in a register.
3. Get the first two numbers.
4. Compare the numbers and swap them so that the two numbers are in ascending
order.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the array is completed.
6. Repeat the steps 3, 4 and 5 and store the largest number as the result in
memory.
7. Stop.





























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FLOW CHART:
FINDING THE MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM NUMBER OF AN ARRAY












































START
INITIALIZE POINTER
COUNT = COUNT 1

IS POINTER
POINTER + 1
TEMP = POINTER
POINTER = POINTER + 1
POINTER + 1 = TEMP

POINTER = POINTER +1
COUNT = COUNT + 1
IS COUNT
= 0
STOP
YES
NO
NO
YES
START
INITIALIZE POINTER
COUNT = COUNT 1

IS POINTER
POINTER + 1
TEMP = POINTER
POINTER = POINTER + 1
POINTER + 1 = TEMP

POINTER = POINTER +1
COUNT = COUNT + 1
IS COUNT
= 0
STOP
YES
NO
NO
YES
STORE THE
POINTER RESULT
STORE THE
POINTER RESULT
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EXPT. NO: 10
INTERFACING DAC CONVERTER USING 8051
AIM:-
To generate different types of waveforms by interfacing a DAC with a
microcontroller.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Intel 8051 based MPS 85 2 trainer kit, DAC interface card, 26 pin
flat cable connector, CRO with probe.

ALGORITHM:-
SQUARE WAVE FORM
1. Initialize the control word register i.e., 8255 as input port.
2. Send 00 to port A of 8255
3. Call delay subroutine
4. Send FF to port A of 8255
5. Call delay subroutine
6. Repeat the step 2 onwards.
SAW TOOTH WAVE FORM
1. Initialize the control word register.
2. Initialize the accumulator content
3. Send to port A of 8255
4. Increment the accumulator content
5. If zero flag is not set then repeat the step 3 onwards, otherwise repeat
the step 2 onwards.








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FLOW CHART:
Square Waveform: Saw tooth Waveform:




































YES
NO
START
ACTIVATE THE 8255
CONTROLLER
SEND 00 TO PORT A
CALL DISPLAY
SUBROUTINE
SEND FF TO PORT
A
CALL DISPLAY
SUBROUTINE
START
ACTIVATE THE 8255
CONTROLLER
ACC = 00
SEND ACC TO PORT
A
ACC = ACC + 1
IF Z
=0
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