Transportation Laws 2003

COMMERCIAL LAW REVIEWER
SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY BAR OPERATIONS

TRANSPORTATION LAWS
COMMON CARRIERS (ARTICLES 1732-1766)
- are PERSONS, CORPORATION, FIRMS, or
ASSOCIATIONS engaged in CARRYING or
TRANSPORTING PASSENGERS or GOODS or BOTH, by
LAND, WATER, or AIR or COMPENSATION OF
OFFERING THEIR SER!ICES TO THE P"BLIC#
Extraordinary dilign! i" r#$ird to !o%%on !arrir" in
tran"&orting good" and &a""ngr"
Rea$on$%
&# na'(re o ')e b($ine$$
*# +(b,i- +o,i-y
Regi$'ered o.ner +ri/ari,y and $o,idari,y .i') dri0er (nder ')e
1ABIT SYSTEM# 1abi' $y$'e/ i$ -on'rary 'o +(b,i- +o,i-y2
')ereore, 0oid and ine3i$'en'#
CIRC'MSTANCES 'N(ER )*IC* COMMON CARRIERES
CANNOT +E *EL( LIA+LE ,OR T*E LOSS-(ESTR'CTION
O, .OO(S/
&# ,ood, $'or/, ear')4(a5e, or o')er na'(ra, -a,a/i'ie$
*# a-' o +(b,i- ene/y in .ar, ei')er in'erna'iona, or ,o-a,
a-' or o/i$$ion o ')e $)i++er or o.ner o ')e good$
6# -)ara-'er o ')e good$ or dee-'$ o ')e +a-5ing
7# order o -o/+e'en' a(')ori'y
E3'raordinary di,igen-e ,a$'$ ro/ ')e 'i/e ')e -argoe$ are
,oaded in ')e 0e$$e, (n'i, ')ey are di$-)arged and de,i0ered 'o
')e -on$ignee#
Air -arrier$ -an 'er/ina'e $er0i-e$ o +i,o'$ or $erio($
/i$-ond(-' and dr(n5enne$$ be-a($e o i'$ e3'raordinary
di,igen-e#
INSTANCES )*IC* ARE NOT CASO ,ORT'ITO/
&# )i8a-5ing
*# a-'$ o $'ranger$ ,i5e ')ie0e$ or robber$ a-'ed .i') gra0e or
0io,en-e
6# a--iden'$ d(e 'o dee-'$ o -arrier
7# .)ere 'ie b,o.9o('
Fire i$ no' a na'(ra, di$a$'er
No'i-e o arri0a, o good$ a/o(n'$ 'o -on$'r(-'i0e de,i0ery
S)i++er bo(nd 'o ob$er0e a,, di,igen-e in ob'aining de,i0ery o
good$
Co//on Carrier$ /ay be e3e/+'ed ro/ re$+on$ibi,i'y
PRO!IDED ')a' na'(ra, di$a$'er i$ ')e +ro3i/a'e and on,y
-a($e o ')e ,o$$#
STI0'LATIONS LIMITIN. LIA+ILIT1 IS 2ALI( 0RO2I(E(
T*AT/
&# ')e $'i+(,a'ion be in .ri'ing $igned by bo') +ar'ie$
*# ')e $'i+(,a'ion be $(++or'ed by a 0a,(ab,e -on$idera'ion
o')er ')an ')e $er0i-e rendered by -o//on -arrier
6# ')e $'i+(,a'ion be rea$onab,e, 8($' and no' -on'rary 'o
+(b,i- +o,i-y
SOME 2ALI( STI0'LATIONS LIMITIN. CARRIER3S
LIA+ILIT1/
&# a--o(n' a$ $'ri5e$ or rio'
*# 0a,(e o ')e good$ a++earing in bi,, o ,ading "NLESS
$)i++er de-,are$ a grea'er 0a,(e
6# -on'ra-' i3ing ')e $(/ ')a' /ay be re-o0ered
2OI( STI0'LATIONS LIMITIN. CARRIER3S LIA+ILIT1/
&# ')e good$ are 'ran$+or'ed a' ')e ri$5 o ')e $)i++er
*# ')a' ')e $)i++er i$ no' ,iab,e or any ,o$$ or de$'r(-'ion o
')e good$
6# ')a' ')e -o//on -arrier need no' ob$er0ed any di,igen-e
and ,e$$ ')an ')a' o good a')er o a a/i,y
7# ')a' ')e -o//on -arrier $)a,, no' be re$+on$ib,e or any
a-'$ o i'$ e/+,oyee
T)e ,a. o ')e -o(n'ry 'o .)i-) ')e good$ are 'o be 'ran$+or'ed
$)a,, go0ern ')e ,iabi,i'y o -o//on -arrier or ')eir ,o$$,
de$'r(-'ion, or de'eriora'ion#
T)e a-' o ')e ')ie or robber$ .)o en'ered ')e -o//on -arrier:$
0e)i-,e i$ no' dee/ed or-e /a8e(re "NLESS i' i$ done .i') ')e
($e o ar/$ or ')ro(g) irre$i$'ib,e or-e#
A -o//on -arrier i$ bo(nd 'o -arry ')e +a$$enger$ $ae,y a$ ar
a$ )(/an -are and ore$ig)' -an +ro0ide ($ing ')e ('/o$'
di,igen-e o a 0ery -a('io($ +er$on .i') a regard o
-ir-(/$'an-e$#
In -a$e o dea') or in8(rie$ 'o +a$$enger$, -o//on -arrier$ are
+re$(/ed 'o be a' a(,' "NLESS +ro0ed ')a' ')ey ob$er0e e3'ra
ordinary di,igen-e#
LAST CLEAR C*ANCE
- ')i$ +rin-i+,e a++,ie$ on,y in a $(i' be'.een o.ner$ and
dri0er$ o '.o -o,,iding 0e)i-,e$# T)i$ i$ no' a++,i-ab,e 'o
Con'ra-' o Carriage#
Carrier no' ordinari,y ,iab,e or in8(rie$ 'o +a$$enger$ d(e 'o
ire$, and e3+,o$ion$ -a($ed by ar'i-,e$ bro(g)' in'o
-on0eyan-e by o')er +a$$enger$#
Ti!4t i" a !o%&lt 5rittn !ontra!t 6y and 6t5n t7
"7i&&r and &a""ngr 8or it !ontain"/
&# -on$en' o ')e -on'ra-'ing +ar'ie$
* -a($e or -on$idera'ion .)i-) i$ ')e are +aid by ')e
+a$$enger$
6# ob8e-' .)i-) i$ ')e 'ran$+or'a'ion o ')e +a$$enger ro/
')e +,a-e o de+ar'(re 'o ')e +,a-e o de$'ina'ion#
Red(-'ion o are doe$ no' 8($'iy any ,i/i'a'ion o ')e -o//on
-arrier:$ ,iabi,i'y#
Pa$$enger bo(nd no'.i')$'anding )i$ ai,(re 'o $ign +,ane 'i-5e'
-on'aining $'i+(,a'ion ,i/i'ing ,iabi,i'y 5no.n a$ -on'ra-' o
ad)e$ion#
T7 xtraordinary dilign! r#$ird 8or !arriag o8
&a""ngr" !annot 6 di"&n"d 5it7/
&# by $'i+(,a'ion
*# by +o$'ing o no'i-e$
6# by $'a'e/en' o 'i-5e'$
Prepared by the COMMERCIAL LAW SECTION Chief MARLON CORPUZ Assistant Chief MA. LOURDES COMTIAG Members MARLON
BACUNO, VOLTAIRE GARCIA, JEANNYLENE ISIP, BEVERLY MANZANO, KATHRYN BOLINAS, LOTTA OBADO, GRESIL SANTOS and
VENUS DUGAYON. All Ri!"# R$#$%&$d by the SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE O' LAW BAR OPERATIONS ())*.
+
7# o')er.i$e )o.e0er a$ an e3-e+'ion, +ar'ie$ /ay $'i+(,a'e
,i/i'ing -arrier:$ ,iabi,i'y .)ere ')e +a$$enger i$ -arried
gra'(i'o($,y
Co%%on Carrir i" lia6l 8or da%ag" 8or d8!t" o8 it"
#$i&%nt9
Co//on Carrier i$ ,iab,e or ')e /i$-ond(-' o i'$ e/+,oyee$
done in ')eir o.n in'ere$'#
Rea$on% ')e $er0an' i$ -,o')ed .i') ')e de,ega'ed a(')ori'y and
-)arged .i') d('y by ')e -arrier 'o e3e-('e )i$ (nder'a5ing$ 'o
-arry ')e +a$$enger $ae,y#
Carrier e3e/+' ro/ a-'$ o e/+,oyee$ no' done in ,ine o d('y#
T)e +a$$enger /($' ob$er0e ')e di,igen-e o a good a')er o a
a/i,y or ordinary di,igen-e 'o a0oid in8(ry 'o )i/$e,#
E,,ECTS O, NE.LI.ENCE9 .)ere ')e +ro3i/a'e -a($e o ')e
dea'); in8(ry 'o ')e +a$$enger i$ )i$ o.n neg,igen-e, -o//on
-arrier i$ e3e/+'ed ro/ ,iabi,i'y#
E,,ECT O, 0ASSEN.ER3S CONTRI+'TOR1 NE.LI.ENCE9
+a$$enger:$ -on'rib('ory neg,igen-e doe$ no' 8($'iy -arrier:$
e3e/+'ion ro/ ,iabi,i'y# Ho.e0er, ')e da/age$ .i,, be e4(i'ab,y
red(-ed#
A -o//on -arrier i$ re$+on$ib,e or in8(rie$ $(ered by a
+a$$enger on a--o(n' o ')e ,a.(, a-'$;neg,igen-e o o')er
+a$$enger$ or o $'ranger$ +ro0ided ')a' ')e e/+,oyee$ -o(,d
)a0e +re0en'ed ')e a-' or o/i$$ion ')ro(g) ')e e3er-i$e o a
good a')er o a a/i,y#
Degree o di,igen-e re4(ired o -arrier$ e/+,oyee$9 /ere,y ')a'
o ')e good a')er o a a/i,y or ordinary di,igen-e#
Liabi,i'y o air -arrier (nder War$a. Con0en'ion o O-'ober
&*,&<*<, ar'i-,e &=, ')e -arrier $)a,, be ,iab,e or da/age$
$($'ained in ')e e0en' o dea') or in8(ry o a +a$$enger i
a--iden' 'oo5 +,a-e on board ')e air-ra' or in ')e -o(r$e o
e/bar5ing or di$e/bar5ing#
Ar'i-,e &>?&@, ')e -arrier $)a,, be ,iab,e or da/age$ $($'ained in
')e e0en' o de$'r(-'ion or ,o$$ o or o da/age 'o any -)e-5ed
baggage or any good$ in ')e -o(r$e o 'ran$+or'a'ion#
?*@, ')e 'ran$+or'a'ion o air $)a,, -o/+ri$e ')e +eriod d(ring
.)i-) ')e baggage or good$ are in ')e -)arge o ')e -arrier
.)e')er an air+or' or on board an air-ra' or in -a$e o ,anding
o('$ide an air+or'#
?6@, ')e +eriod o 'ran$+or'a'ion by air $)a,, no' e3'end 'o any
'ran$+or'a'ion by ,and, $ea, or ri0er o('$ide an air+or'#
Ar'i-,e &<, ')e -arrier $)a,, be ,iab,e or da/age$ o--a$ioned by
de,ay in 'ran$+or'a'ion by air o +a$$enger$, baggage, or good$#
(AMA.ES RECO2ERA+LE )*EN (EAT* OCC'RS ('E
TO COMMISSION O, A CRIME/
&# inde/ni'y or dea') o a 0i-'i/
*# inde/ni'y or ,o$$ o earning
6# /ora, da/age$
7# e3e/+,ary da/age$
A# a''orney:$ ee$ and e3+en$e$ o ,i'iga'ion,
B# in'ere$' and +ro+er'ie$
,ACTORS TO +E CONSI(ERE( IN A)AR(IN. (AMA.ES
ARISIN. ,ROM (EAT*/
&# n(/ber o year$ on ')e ba$i$ o .)i-) ')e da/age$ $)a,,
be -o/+('ed
*# ra'e a' .)i-) ')e ,o$$e$ $($'ained $)o(,d be i3ed
For i3ed inde/ni'y or dea'), ')ere i$ no need 'o in'erroga'e
.i'ne$$#
Co//on -arrier no' ,iab,e or /ora, da/age$ 'o +a$$enger $
in8(red d(e 'o neg,igen-e o dri0er#
Carrier i$ ,iab,e .)en i' i$$(e$ 'o +a$$enger a -onir/ed 'i-5e'
or a +ar'i-(,ar 'i-5e' i )e i$ no' +(' in ')a' ,ig)'#
Carrier ,iab,e on,y or da/age$ ')a' are na'(ra, and +robab,e
-on$e4(en-e and brea-) o -on'ra-' .)i-) in-,(de$ /edi-a,,
)o$+i'a, and o')er e3+en$e$#
ITEMS INCL'(E( IN ACT'AL (AMA.ES/
&# in-o/e 'o be earned (+on -o/+,e'ion o $'(die$
*# ')e $(/ being -arried by de-ea$ed +a$$enger .)i-) .a$
,o$'
6# a/o(n' $+end 'o )er (nera,
7# a''orney:$ ee$ and -o(r' e3+en$e$
A# ,o$$ o ')e /er-)andi$e -arried by ')e de-ea$ed
B# ,o$$ o baggage -on'aining /edi-ine, bo3e$, and $(i'-a$e$
o +er$ona, be,onging$
E:CE0TIONS TO R'LE T*AT CARRIER NOT LIA+LE ,OR
MORAL (AMA.ES IN +REAC* O, CONTRACT/
&# .)ere ')e /i$)a+ re$(,'$ in ')e dea') o +a$$enger
*# .)ere i' i$ +ro0ed ')a' ')e -arrier i$ g(i,'y o ra(d or bad
ai') e0en i dea') doe$ no' re$(,'
6# .)ere ')e +a$$enger $(er$ $o-ia, )(/i,ia'ion, .o(nded
ee,ing$, an3ie'y and /en'a, ang(i$)
S(r0i0ing +a$$enger i$ no' en'i',ed 'o /ora, da/age$# Mere
-are,e$$ne$$ o ')e -arrier doe$ no' +er $e -on$'i'('e an
ineren-e o /a,i-e or bad ai') on i'$ +ar'#
Carrier $(b$idiary ,iab,e or /ora, da/age$ in a-'ion$ e3 de,i-'o#
E3e/+,ary da/age$ -anno' be re-o0ered a$ a /a''er o rig)'#
No/ina, and e3e/+,ary da/age$ a.arded or .i,,(, brea-) o
-on'ra-' -o//i''ed ')ro(g) agen' or e/+,oyee#
Carrier in-(rring on,y de,ay no' ,iab,e or /ora, and e3e/+,ary
da/age$ b(' on,y 'o ')e ,i/i'ed a/o(n' +rin'ed in ')e +,ane
'i-5e'#
E3e/+,ary da/age$ i$ a,,o.ab,e (nder 1abi' Sy$'e/#
Co//on Carrier in No/ina, Da/age$ or ai,(re o -arrier 'o
bring +a$$enger 'o )i$ de$'ina'ion b(' /ere 0io,a'ion o a
Con'ra-' o Carriage doe$ no' .arran' re-o0ery or /ora,
da/age$#
In -a$e o brea-) o ')e -arrier:$ -on'ra-'(a, ob,iga'ion 'o -arry
)i$ +a$$enger $ae,y 'o ')eir de$'ina'ion, ')e -arrier i$ $o,idari,y
,iab,e or )i$ dri0er:$ neg,igen-e# E3er-i$e o d(e di,igen-e in
$e,e-'ing dri0er i$ no' a deen$e#
Pre+onderan-e o e0iden-e $(i-ien' 'o +ro0e -i0i, ,iabi,i'y
ari$ing ro/ neg,igen-e#
(
O2ER LAN( TRAS0ORTATION
(art"9 3;<=37<> Cod o8 Co%%r!)
Ee-' o Ci0i, Code on ')e +ro0i$ion$ o ')e Code o Co//er-e
on O0er,and Tran$+or'a'ion
T)e NCC doe$ no' e3+re$$,y re+ea, ')e +ro0i$ion$ o
')e Code o Co//er-e on o0er,and 'ran$+or'a'ion#
In$'ead, i' /a5e$ $(-) +ro0i$ion $(++,e'ory 'o ')e
+ro0i$ion$ o ')e NCC on -o//on -arrier$
Bill of Lading, Defined
Wri''en a-5no.,edge/en' o re-ei+' o good$ and
agree/en' 'o 'ran$+or' ')e/ 'o a $+e-ii- +,a-e 'o a
+er$on na/ed or 'o )i$ order or bearer#
A/big(i'y i$ -on$'r(ed again$' ')e -arrier, ')e
-on'ra-' being one o ad)e$ion#
No' e$$en'ia, 'o -on'ra-'#
Kinds of Bills of Lading
T)ey are%
?&@# Nego'iab,e bi,, o Lading C one in .)i-) i' i$ $'a'ed
')a' ')e good$ reerred 'o ')erein .i,, be de,i0ered 'o ')e bearer,
or 'o ')e order o any +er$on na/ed in $(-) do-(/en'#
?*@# NonCNego'iab,e bi,, o Lading C ')e good$ reerred
'o ')erein .i,, be de,i0ered 'o a $+e-iied +er$on#
?6@# C,ean bi,, o Lading C One .)i-) doe$ no' indi-a'e
any dee-' in ')e good$
?7@# Fo(, bi,, o Lading C Con'ain$ a no'a'ion indi-a'ing
')a' ')e good$ are in bad Condi'ion#
?A@# S+en' bi,, o Lading C Co0er$ good$ ')a' )a0e
a,ready been de,i0ered by ')e -arrier .i')o(' a $(rrender o a
$igned -o+y o ')e Lading#
?B@# T)ro(g) bi,, o Lading C I$$(ed by a -arrier .)o i$
ob,iged 'o ($e ')e a-i,i'ie$ o o')er -arrier$#
?=@# On Board bi,, o ,ading C one in .)i-) i' i$ $'a'ed
')a' ')e good$ )a0e been re-ei0ed on board ')e 0e$$e, .)i-) i$
'o -arry ')e good$#
?>@# Re-ei0ed or S)i+/en' bi,, o ,ading C i' i$ $'a'ed
')a' ')e good$ )a0e been re-ei0ed or $)i+/en' .i') or .i')o('
$+e-iying ')e 0e$$e, by .)i-) ')e good$ are 'o be $)i++ed#
?<@# C($'ody bi,, o Lading C i$$(ed by ')e -arrier 'o
')e .)o/ ')e good$ )a0e been de,i0ered or $)i+/en' b(' ')e
0e$$e, indi-a'ed in ')e bi,, o ,eading .)i-) i$ 'o -arry ')e good$
)a$ no' ye' rea-)ed ')e +or' .)ere ')e good$ are )e,d or
$)i+/en'#
?&D@# Por' bi,, o Lading C one .)i-) i$ i$$(ed by ')e
-arrier 'o .)o/ ')e good$ )a0e been de,i0ered, and ')e 0e$$e,
'o -arry ')e good$ i$ a,ready in ')e +or' .)ere ')e good$ are
)e,d or $)i+/en'#
T7r=,old nat$r o8 6ill" o8 Lading
?&@# A -on'ra-' in i'$e, and ')e +ar'ie$ are bo(nd by i'$
'er/$2
?*@# A re-ei+'2 and
?6@# A $y/bo, o ')e -o0ered by i'
T)ey are a,$o do-(/en'$ o 'i',e, and i
nego'iab,e in or/ ')ey -an -on$'i'('e nego'iab,e
do-(/en'$ o 'i',e#
Lgal 88!t o8 t7 I""$an! o8 +ill o8 Lading
Bi,, o ,eading -on$'i'('e ')e ,ega, e0iden-e o ')e
-on'ra-' be'.een ')e $)i++er and ')e -arrier by ')e
-on'en'$ o .)i-) ')e di$+('e$ .)i-) /ay ari$e
regarding ')eir e3e-('ion and +eror/an-e $)a,, be
de-ided, no e3-e+'ion being ad/i$$ib,e o')er ')an
')o$e o a,$i'y and /a'eria, error in ')e dra'ing#
E88!t o8 a6"n! o8 a 6ill o8 lading
I' doe$ no' +re-,(de ,iabi,i'y on a -on'ra-' o
'ran$+or'a'ion# T)e di$+('e$ $)a,, be de'er/ine$ by
')e ,ega, +roo$ .)i-) ')e +ar'ie$ /ay +re$en' in
$(++or' o ')eir re$+e-'i0e -,ai/$, a--ording 'o ')e
genera, +ro0i$ion$ e$'ab,i$)ed in ')e Code or
-o//er-ia, -on'ra-'$#
)7n r"&on"i6ility o8 !arrir 6gin"
T)e re$+on$ibi,i'y o -arrier -o//en-e$ ro/ ')e
/o/en' )e re-ei0e$ ')e /er-)andi$e# T)e De,i0ery
'o )i/ /($' be /ade ei')er 'o )i/ +er$ona,,y, or
')ro(g) )i$ d(,y a(')oriEed agen'#
Rig7t to r8$" &a!4ag"
Gen# R(,e% C a -o//on -arrier -anno'
ordinari,y re($e 'o -arry a +ar'i-(,ar -,a$$ o god$ 'o ')e
+re8(di-e o ')e 'rai- in ')o$e good$#
E3-e+'ion% Ho.e0er, (nder Ar'# 6BA, -arrier are
a(')oriEed 'o re($e +a-5age$ i ')ey are (ni' or 'ran$+or'a'ion#
Ti% 8or dli?ry o8 good"
)7r no &riod 8ixd
T)e -arrier $)a,, be bo(nd 'o or.ard ')e/ in ')e
ir$' $)i+/en' o ')e $a/e or $i/i,ar good$, .)i-)
)e /a5e$ 'o ')e +oin'$ .)ere )e /($' de,i0er
')e/# S)o(,d )e no' do $o, ')e da/age$ -a($ed
by ')e de,ay $)a,, be or )i$ a--o(n'#
)7r 8or dli?ry o8 good"
T)e -arrier /($' de,i0er ')e good$ .i')in ')e 'i/e
i3ed# For ai,(re 'o do $o, ')e -arrier$ $)a,, +ay
')e inde/ni'y $'i+(,a'ed in ')e bi,, o ,ading# A,$o,
da/age$ $)a,, be +aid i ')e -arrier re($e$ 'o
+ay ')e $'i+(,a'ed inde/ni'y or i$ 4(a,i'y o ra(d
in ')e (,i,,/en' o )i$ ob,iga'ion#
Li%itation a" to !arrir@" lia6ility
(1)9 No Lia6ility
T)e -arrier .i,, no' be ,iab,e a' a,, or ')e
neg,igen' a-'$ o i'$ -re. and e/+,oyee$# T)i$ i$
N"LL and !OID or being -on'rary 'o +(b,i-
+o,i-y
(2)9 Li%itd Lia6ility
Regard,e$$ o ')e 0a,(e o ')e -argo, ')e
/a3i/(/ ,iabi,i'y o ')e -arrier .i,, be, or
e3a/+,e, PADD# T)i$ id !OID or being -on'rary
'o +(b,i- +o,i-y#
(3)9 A$ali8id Lia6ility
A $'i+(,a'ion in ')e bi,, o ,ading ,i/i'ing ')e
,iabi,i'y o ')e -arrier 'o a 0a,(a'ion (n,e$$ ')e
$)i++er de-,are$ a )ig)er 0a,(e and +ay$ a
)ig)er ra'e o reig)' i$ 0a,id#
Ho.e0er, ')e -arrier -anno' ,i/i' i'$ ,iabi,i'y
or in8(ry 'o, or ,o$$ o, good $)i++ed .)ere
$(-) in8(ry or ,o$e .a$ -a($ed by i'$ o.n
neg,igen-eF$#
*
R!o?ry o8 (a%ag" 8ro% !arrir" 8or !arriag o8
good"/
?&@ Intr-i"land C i god$ arri0ed in da/aged -ondi'ion%
I da/age i$ a++aren', ')e $)i++er /($' i,e
a -,ai/ i//edia'e,y#
I da/age i$ No' a++aren' )e $)o(,d i,e a
-,ai/ .i')in *7 )o(r$ ro/ de,i0ery#
T)e i,ing o -,ai/ i$ a -ondi'ion
+re-eden' or re-o0ery#
I ')e -,ai/ i$ i,ed, b(' ')e -arrier
re($e$ 'o +ay%
Enor-e -arrier$ ,iabi,i'y in -o(r' by i,ing
a -a$e%
Wi')in B year$, i no bi,, o
,ading )a$ been i$$(ed, or
Wi')in &D year$, i a bi,,
,ading )a$ been i$$(ed#
?*@ O?r"a" C W)ere good$ arri0ed in a da/aged
-ondi'ion ro/ a oreign +or' 'o a P)i,i++ine$ Por' o En'ry%
"+on di$-)arge o good$, i ')e da/age i$
a++aren' -,ai/ $)o(,d be i,ed i//edia'e,y2
I da/age i$ no' a++aren', -,ai/ $)o(,d be
i,ed .i')in 6 day$ ro/ de,i0ery#
)7n %ay a !on"ign o8 good" a6andon t7
good" and r!o?r t7 ?al$ t7ro8 8ro% t7 !arrirB
In any o ')e o,,o.ing -a$e$%
?&@ "nder Ar'# 6B6, in -a$e o +ar'ia, non9de,i0ery, .)ere
')e -on$ignee +ro0e$ ')a' )e -anno' /a5e ($e o ')e
good$ -a+ab,e o de,i0ery inde+enden',y o ')o$e no'
de,i0ered#
?*@ "nder Ar'# 6BA, .)ere ')e good$ are rendered ($e,e$$
or $a,e and -on$(/+'ion or ')e +(r+o$e or .)i-)
')ey are +ro+er,y de$'ined2 or
?6@ "nder Ar'# 6=&, .)ere ')ere i$ de,ay ')ro(g) ')e a(,'
o ')e -arrier#
T5o "&!ial "an!tion" 8or t7 n8or!%nt 6y t7
!arrir o8 t7 &ay%nt o8 x&n"" and tran"&ortation
!7arg"9
T)ey Are%
?&@# "nder Ar'# 6=7, 8(di-ia, $a,e o ')e good$
'ran$+or'ed2 and
?*@# "nder Ar'# 6=A, by -rea'ing a ,ien in a0or o ')e
-arrier on ')e good$ 'ran$+or'ed#
Ex%&tion 8ro% lia6ility o8 t7 !o%%on !arrir
A -o//on -arrier /ay be reed ro/ ,iabi,i'y or ,o$$
or da/age i i' +ro0e$ any o ')e o,,o.ing%
?a@ Na'(ra, di$a$'er
?b@ A-' o ')e P(b,i- ene/y in .ar
G A-' or o/i$$ion o ')e $)i++er
?d@ Dee-' in ')e +a-5ing and -)ara-'er o ')e good$
?e@ Order o -o/+e'en' +(b,i- a(')ori'y
MARITIME COMMERCE
I9 2ESSELS (in gnral)
9e3'end$ 'o e0ery')ing ,oa'ing in and on ')e .a'er,
b(i,' in ')e or/ o 0e$$e, and ($ed or na0iga'ion
regard,e$$ o or/, rig)' or /o'i0e +o.er#
MERC*ANT 2ESSELS9 engaged in ')e 'ran$+or'a'ion o
+a$$enger$ and reig)' ro/ one +or' 'o ano')er or ro/ one
+,a-e 'o ano')er#
CAr ?""l" ral or &r"onal &ro&rtyB
PERSONAL9 b(' ')ey +ar'a5e 'o a -er'ain e3'en', o ')e na'(re
and -ondi'ion$ o rea, +ro+er'y, on a--o(n' o ')eir 0a,(e and
i/+or'an-e o ')e .or,d o -o//er-e#
C*ARACTERISTICS O, MARITIME TRANSACTIONS/
&# Rea,9 $i/i,ar 'o 'ran$a-'ion$ o0er rea, +ro+er'y .i')
re$+e-'$ 'oo ee-'i0e,y again$' ')ird +er$on$, .)i-) i$ done
')ro(g) regi$'ra'ion# T)e e0iden-e o rea, na'(re i$ $)o.n
by ?&@ ')e ,i/i'a'ion o ')e ,iabi,i'y o ')e agen'$ 'o ')e a-'(a,
0a,(e o ')e 0e$$e, and ')e reig)' /oney and ?*@ ')e rig)'
'o re'ain ')e -argo and e/bargo and de'en'ion o ')e
0e$$e,#
*# Hy+o')e-ary9 ')e ,iabi,i'y o ')e o.ner o ')e 0a,(e o ')e
0e$$e, i$ ,i/i'ed 'o ')e 0e$$e, i'$e,#
6# Preeren-e o -redi'$9 Mor'gage o a 0e$$e, +ro+er,y
regi$'ered be-o/e$ o +reerred /or'gage ,ien .)i-) $)a,,
)a0e +riori'y o0er a,, -,ai/$ again$' ')e 0e$$e, in an
e3'ra8(di-ia, ore-,o$(re or%
a# -redi' in a0or o ')e +(b,i- 'rea$(ry
b# 8(di-ia, -o$' o ')e +ro-eeding$2
-# +i,o'age and 'onnage -)arge$ and o')er $ea and +or'
-)ange$2
d# $a,arie$ o de+o$i'orie$ and 5ee+er$ o ')e 0e$$e,
e# -a+'ain and -re.:$ .age$2
# genera, a0erage
g# $a,0age in-,(ding -on'ra-' $a,0age2
)# /ari'i/e ,ien$ ari$ing +rior in 'i/e 'o ')e re-ording o
')e +reerred /or'gage2
i# da/age$ ari$ing o(' o 'or'2 and
8# Preerred /or'gage regi$'ered +rior in 'i/e#
(OCTRINE O, LIMITE( LIA+ILIT1/
Genera, R(,e% T)e ,iabi,i'y o $)i+ o.ner$ i$ ,i/i'ed 'o ')e
a/o(n' o in'ere$' in $aid 0e$$e, $(-) ')a' .)ere 0e$$e, i$
en'ire,y ,o$', ')e ob,iga'ion i$ e3'ing(i$)ed# T)e in'ere$' e3'end$
'o ?&@ ')e 0e$$e, i'$e,, ?*@ e4(i+/en', ?6D reig)'age and ?7@
in$(ran-e +ro-eed$#
E3-e+'ion$%
&# -,ai/$ (nder Wor5/en:$ Co/+en$a'ion
*# in8(ry or da/age d(e 'o $)i+ o.ner$ a(,'
6# ')e 0e$$e, i$ in$(red
7# e3+en$e$ or re+air on 0e$$e, beore ,o$$2
A# ')e 0e$$e, i$ no' abandoned
0*ILI00INE COAST .'AR( (0C.)
90e$'ed .i') e3-,($i0e a(')ori'y o0er ')e regi$'ra'ion and
do-(/en'a'ion o P)i,i++ine 0e$$e,$, i$$(an-e o a,, -er'ii-a'e$,
,i-en$e$ or do-(/en'$, ne-e$$ary or in-iden' 'o regi$'ra'ion#
2ESSELS REA'IRE( TO +E RE.ISTERE(/
&# A,, 0e$$e,$ ($ed in P)i,i++ine .a'er#
*# !e$$e,$ o 6 'on$ gro$$ $)a,, no' be regi$'ered "NLESS ')e
o.ner $)a,, $o de$ire#
6# A,, (ndo-(/en'ed 0e$$e,$#
)7r Rgi"tration to 6 88!tdB
- a' i'$ )o/e +or' ?.)en a -oa$' g(ard di$'ri-' or $'a'ion i$ on
')e $a/e +or'@2 i none, a' ')e neare$' COAST G"ARD
DISTRICT OR STATION@#
O0TIONS AS TO SMALL +OATS/
,
&#@ I 0e$$e, i$ o do/e$'i- o.ner$)i+ and &A 'on$ gro$$ or
,e$$ -er'ii-a'e o P)i,i++ine regi$'ry i$ o+'iona,#
P(r+o$e% de-,are na'iona,i'y o a 0e$$e,
*#@ !e$$e, ?A 'on$ gro$$ or ,e$$@ H no -er'ii-a'e o P)i,i++ine
regi$'ry -er'ii-a'e o o.ner$)i+ i$ o+'iona,#
Pri0i,ege$% rig)' 'o engage in P)i,# Coa$'.i$e 'rade and
+ro'e-'ion o ')e a(')ori'ie$ and ')e ,ag i$ a,$o $(b8e-' 'o
')e $a/e +ri0i,ege$#
6#@ !e$$e, ?6 'on$ gro$$ or ,e$$@ no' be regi$'ered (n,e$$
')e o.ner $)a,, $o de$ire#
0'R0OSE O, RE.ISTRATION/
- P(r-)a$er:$ rig)'$ /aybe /ain'ained again$' a -,ai/ i,ed
by ')e THIRD PERSON#
IW)o $)a,, be en'i',ed 'o ')e reig)'age and .)o $)a,, be ob,iged
'o +ay ')e -re. and o')er +er$on$ .)o /a5e (+ ')e -o/+,i/en'
o ')e 0e$$e,J
A% I' de+end$ (+on ')e 'i/e o ')e $a,e#
I /ade .)i,e i' i$ on a 0oyage, reig)'age $)a,, +er'ain en'ire,y
'o P"RCHASER and +ay/en' o ')e -re. and o')er +er$on$
.)o /a5e (+ i'$ -o/+,i/en' or $a/e 0oyage $)a,, be or )i$
a--o(n'#
I /ade a'er ')e 0e$$e, )a$ arri0ed a' ')e +or' o i'$ de$'ina'ion,
reig)'age $)a,, +er'ain 'o ')e !ENDOR and o')er indi0id(a,$
.)o /a5e (+ i'$ -o/+,e/en' $)a,, be or )i$ a--o(n', "NLESS
')e -on'rary i$ $'i+(,a'ed in ei')er -a$e#
,ORMALITIES ,OR 2OL'NTAR1 SALE A+ROA(/
&# E3e-('ion o ')e bi,, o $a,e beore -on$(, o ')e P)i,i++ine$
a' ')e +or' .)ere i' 'er/ina'e$ i'$ 0oyage#
*# In$-ri+'ion in ')e regi$'ry o ')e -on$(,a'e
6# For.arding by ')e -on$(, o a 'r(e -o+y o ')e in$'r(/en' o
+(r-)a$e and $a,e 'o ')e regi$'ry o 0e$$e,#
7# S'a'e/en' .)e')er ')e 0endor re-ei0e$ i'$ +ri-e in .)o,e or
in +ar'#
,ORMALITIES ,OR SALE )*EN 2ESSEL REN(ERE(
'SELESS/
&# a++,i-a'ion or e3a/ina'ion
*# no'ii-a'ion o ')e -on$ignee; in$(rer
6# +roo o da/age and i/+o$$ibi,i'y o ')e re+air o ')e
0e$$e,
7# order or ')e $a,e o 0e$$e, a' +(b,i- a(-'ion
R'LES ,OR T*E SALE O, 2ESSEL AT 0'+LIC A'CTION/
&# ar'i-,e$ o ')e 0e$$e, $)a,, be a++rai$ed a'er /a5ing an
in0en'ory
*# +o$'ing o ')e order o ')e a(-'ion
6# anno(n-e/en'
7# a(-'ion $)a,, be )e,d on ')e day i3ed
A# Ob$er0an-e o $+e-ia, +ro0i$ion$, go0erning ')e $a,e o ')e
0e$$e, .)i,e i' i$ on ')e oreign -o(n'ry#
2 MET*O(S O, SALE/
&# 8(di-ia,
*# 0o,(n'ary
E,,ECT O, RE.ISTRATION O, D'(ICIAL SALE
- e3'ing(i$) a,, o')er ,iabi,i'ie$ o ')e 0e$$e,
IEe-' o Regi$'ra'ion o !o,(n'ary Sa,e
- i i' 'a5e +,a-e .)i,e ')e 0e$$e,$ i$ on a 0oyage, ')e
+reerred H )y+o'y)e-ary na'(re o ')e -redi' $(b$i$'$
again$' ')e 0e$$e, (n'i, a'er i'$ re'(rn 'o ')e +or' o regi$'ry
and 6 /on')$ a'er ')e in$-ri+'ion o ')e $a,e in ')e regi$'ry
o 0e$$e,$ or a'er ')e re'(rn, $o a$ 'o +re0en' ')e
+o$$ibi,i'y o ra(d (+on -redi'or$ ')ro(g) 0o,(n'ary $a,e#
0ARTICI0ANTS IN MARITIME COMMERCE/
a# $)i+o.ner$ and $)i+ agen'$
b# -a+'ain$ and /a$'er$ o ')e 0e$$e,
-# oi-er$ and -re. o ')e 0e$$e,
-#& $ai,ing ?&
$'
/a'e@
-#* 4(ar'er/a$'er ?*
nd
/a'e@
-#6 engineer
d# $ea/en
e# $(+er-argoe$
A9 S*I0O)NERS AN( S*I0 A.ENTS
S7i& o5nr- +er$on .)o )a$ +o$$e$$ion -on'ro, in
/anage/en' o ')e 0e$$e, and ')e -on$e4(en' rig)' 'o dire-'
)er na0iga'ion and re-ei0e reig)' earned and +aid, .)i,e )i$
+o$$e$$ion -on'in(e$#
S7i& agnt-+er$on en'r($'ed .i') +ro0i$ioning and re+re$en'ing
')e 0e$$e, in ')e +or' in .)i-) i' /ay be o(nd2 a,$o in-,(de$ ')e
$)i+ o.ner
LIA+ILIT1 O, S*I0O)NER AN( S*I0A.ENT/
&# or ')e a-'$ o ')e -a+'ain
*# -on'ra-'$ en'ered in'o by ')e -a+'ain 'o re+air, e4(i+, and
+ro0i$ion ')e 0e$$e, PRO!IDED ')a' ')e a/o(n' -,ai/ed
.a$ in0e$'ed or ')e benei' o ')e 0e$$e,
6# Inde/ni'ie$ in a0or o ')ird +er$on ')a' /ay ari$e ro/ ')e
-ond(-' o ')e -a+'ain in ')e -are o good$ and $ae'y o
+a$$enger$ 'ran$+or'ed#
7# Tor' or 4(a$i9de,i-' -o//i''ed by -a+'ain EKCEPT -o,,i$ion
.i') ano')er 0e$$e,#
A# Da/age$ in -a$e o -o,,i$ion d(e 'o ')e a(,', neg,igen-e or
.an' o $5i,, o -a+'ain, $ai,ing /a'e or by o')er /e/ber o
')e -o/+,e/en'#
S*I0A.ENT3S AN( O)NERS LIA+ILIT1 LIMITE(/
- By abandoning ')e 0e$$e, .i') a,, )er e4(i+/en' and ')e
reig)' i' /ay )a0e earned d(ring ')e 0oyage?by
NECESSARY IMPLICATION@2 ,i/i'ed 'o ')e 0a,(e o ')e
0e$$e, or i'$ in$(ran-e in 0ie. o ')e $o9-a,,ed REAL AND
HYPOTHECARY na'(re o /ari'i/e ,a.#
- Ee-'% -e$$a'ion o ')e re$+on$ibi,i'y o ')e o.ner
0O)ER AN( ,'NCTIONS AN( LIA+ILITIES O, S*I0
A.ENT/
&# -a+a-i'y 'o 'rade2
*# di$-)arge d('ie$ o ')e -a+'ain in -a$e o ')e ,a''er:$
ab$en-e2
6# -on'ra-' in ')e na/e o ')e o.ner$ .i') re$+e-' 'o re+air$,
de'ai,$ o e4(i+/en', ar/a/en', and a,, ')a' re,a'e 'o ')e
re4(ire/en'$ o na0iga'ion2
7# order o ne. 0oyage and /a5e a ne. -)ar'er or in$(re ')e
0e$$e, a'er ob'aining a(')oriEa'ion ro/ ')e $)i+ o.ner$#
('T1 O, S*I0A.ENT TO (ISC*AR.E T*E CA0TAIN AN(
MEM+ERS O, T*E CRE)/
9 I ')e $ea/en -on'ra-' i$ no' or a deini'e +eriod or 0oyage,
)e /a' di$-)arge ')e/ a' )i$ di$-re'ion
- I or a deini'e +eriod, )e /ay no' di$-)arge ')e/ (n'i,
a'er ')e (,i,,/en' o ')eir -on'ra-'$ EKCEPT on ')e #
Gro(nd$%
a# in$(bordina'ion in $erio($ /a''er$
b# robbery
-# ')e'
d# )abi'(a, dr(n5enne$$
-
e# da/age -a($ed 'o ')e 0e$$e, or 'o i'$ -argo ')ro(g)
/a,i-e, /anie$' or +ro0en neg,igen-e
E,,ECT-LOSS-(ESTR'CTION O, 2ESSEL/
&# e3'ing(i$)e$ ,iabi,i'y ari$ing ro/ ')e -ond(-' o ')e -a+'ain
in ')e 0igi,an-e o ')e good$ and or ')e $ae'y o ')e
+a$$enger$ and or any ,iabi,i'y ari$ing ro/ neg,igen' a-'$
o ')e -a+'ain
*# e3'ing(i$)e$ ,iabi,i'y or ')e .age$ or ')e -a+'ain and ')e
-re. and or ad0an-e$ /ade by ')e $)i+ agen' i ')e 0e$$e,
i$ ,o$' by $)i+.re-5 or -a+'(re
6# ,iabi,i'y or -o,,i$ion
+9 CA0TAINS AN( MASTERS O, T*E 2ESSEL
Ca&tain- .)o go0ern 0e$$e,$ ')a' na0iga'e ')e )ig) $ea$ or
$)i+$ o ,arge di/en$ion$ and i/+or'an-e, a,')o(g) engaged in
')e -oa$'.i$e 'rade
Ma"tr"9 .)o -o//and $/a,,er $)i+$ engaged e3-,($i0e,y in
')e -oa$'.i$e 'rade
NAT'RE O, 0OSITION/
&# Genera, agen' o ')e $)i+ o.ner
*# Te-)ni-a, Dire-'or o ')e 0e$$e,
6# Re+re$en'a'i0e o ')e Go0ern/en' o ')e -o(n'ry (nder
.)o$e ,ag )e na0iga'e$
A'ALI,ICATIONS/
&# Fi,i+ino -i'iEen
*# Lega, -a+a-i'y 'o -on'ra-'
6# M($' )a0e +a$$ed ')e re4(ired +)y$i-a,, /en'a,
e3a/ina'ion re4(ired or ,i-en$ing )i/ a$ $(-)
IN*ERENT 0O)ERS O, T*E CA0TAIN/
&# a++oin' -re. in ')e ab$en-e o $)i+ agen'
*# -o//and and dire-' -re.
6# i/+o$e -orre-'iona, +(ni$)/en' on ')o$e .)o .)i,e on
board 0e$$e, ai, 'o -o/+,y .i') )i$ order$ or are .an'ing in
di$-i+,ine
7# /a5e -on'ra-'$ or ')e -)ar'er o 0e$$e, in ')e ab$en-e o
$)i+ agen'
A# $(++,y, e4(i+, and +ro0i$ion ')e 0e$$e,
B# order re+air o 0e$$e, 'o enab,e i' 'o -on'in(e i'$ 0oyage
SO'RCES O, ,'N(S TO COM0L1 )IT* T*E IN*ERENT
0O)ERS O, T*E CA0TAIN/
&# ro/ ')e -on$ignee o ')e 0e$$e,
*# ro/ ')e -on$ignee o ')e -argo
6# by dra.ing on ')e $)i+ agen'
7# by a ,oan on bo''o/ry
A# by $a,e o +ar' o ')e -argo
('TIES O, T*E CA0TAIN/
&# bring on board ')e +ro+er -er'ii-a'e and do-(/en' and a
-o+y o ')e Code o Co//er-e
*# 5ee+ a ,ogboo5, a--o(n'ing boo5 and reig)' boo5
6# e3a/ine beore ')e 0oyage
7# $'ay on board d(ring ')e ,oading and (n,oading o ')e
-argo
A# be on de-5 .)i,e ,ea0ing or en'ering ')e +or'
B# $ee5$ +ro'e$', arri0a, (nder $'re$$ and in -a$e o $)i+.re-5
=# o,,o. in$'r(-'ion o and render a--o(n'ing 'o ')e $)i+
agen'
># $a0e ')e 0e$$e, ,o$' in -a$e o .re-5
<# )o,d in -($'ody +ro+er'ie$ ,e' by de-ea$ed by +a$$enger$
and -re. /e/ber$
&D# -o/+,y .i') ')e re4(ire/en'$ o -($'o/$, )ea,'), e'-# a' ')e
+or' o arri0a,
LIA+ILITIES O, T*E S*I0A.ENT-S*I0O)NER ,OR ACTS
(ONE +1 T*E CA0TAIN TO)AR(S 0ASSEN.ERS AN(
CAR.OES MAEIN. T*EM SOLI(ARIL1 LIA+LE TO T*E
LATTER/
&# da/age$ 'o 0e$$e, and 'o -argo d(e 'o ,a-5 o $5i,, and
neg,igen-e
*# ')e' and robbery o ')e -re.
6# ,o$$e$ and ine$ in 0io,a'ion o ,a.$
7# da/age$ d(e 'o /('inie$
A# da/age$ d(e 'o /i$($e o +o.er
B# de0ia'ion$
=# arri0a, (nder $'re$$
># da/age$ d(e 'o non9ob$er0an-e o /arine reg(,a'ion$
NO LIA+ILT1 ,OR T*E ,OLLO)IN./
&# da/age$ -a($ed 'o ')e 0e$$e, by or-e /a8e(re
*# ob,iga'ion$ -on'ra-'ed or ')e re+air, e4(i+/en' and
+ro0i$ioning o ')e 0e$$e, "NLESS )e )a$ e3+re$$,y bo(nd
)i/$e, +er$ona,,y or )a$ $igned a bi,, o e3-)ange or
+ro/i$$ory no'e in )i$ na/e
CAR.O- .)i-) in-,(de$ a,, good$, .are$ and /er-)andi$e
aboard a $)i+ .)i-) do no' ro/ +ar' o ')e $)i+:$ $'ore$#
REA'IREMENTS ,OR (E,ENSE O, 0'+LIC ENEM1/
&# a-' o +(b,i- ene/y in .ar .a$ ')e +ro3i/a'e and on,y
-a($e o ')e ,o$$
*# -o//on -arrier e3er-i$e d(e di,igen-e 'o +re0en',
/ini/iEe ,o$$ beore, d(ring, and a'er o--(rren-e o ')e a-' o
')e +(b,i- ene/y in .ar
,ORMALITIES REA'IRE( )*ERE 2ESSEL *AS .ONE
T*RO'.* *'RRICANE
&# Ca+'ain /($' /a5e a +ro'e$' beore -o/+e'en' a(')ori'y a'
')e ir$' +or' )e 'o(-)e$
*# S(-) a +ro'e$' /($' be /ade .i')in *7 )o(r$ o,,o.ing )i$
arri0a,
6# -a+'ain /($' ra'iy i' .i')in $o/e +eriod .)en )e arri0e$ a'
)i$ de$'ina'ion
7# )e /($' i//edia'e,y +ro-eed .i') ')e +roo o ')e a-'$
,ORMALITIES REA'IRE( )*ERE 2ESSEL
S*I0)RECEE(/
&# -a+'ain /($' /a5e a +ro'e$' beore ')e neare$' -o/+e'en'
a(')ori'y
*# +ro'e$' be /ade .i')in *7 )o(r$ o,,o.ing )i$ arri0a,
6# /a5e $.orn $'a'e/en' o ')e a-'$
7# a(')ori'y;-on$(, abroad $)a,, 0eriy $aid a-'$
A# $(-) a(')ori'y $)a,, 'a5e o')er $'e+$ in -arrying a' ')e a-'$
B# $(-) a(')ori'y $)a,, a,$o /a5e $'a'e/en'$ o .)a' /ay be
')e re$(,' o ')e +ro-eeding in ')e ,ogboo5 and in ')a' o ')e
$ai,ing /a'e
=# )e $)a,, de,i0er ')e origina, re-ord$ 'o ')e -a+'ain
># -a+'ain /($' ra'iy ')e +ro'e$'
C9 O,,ICERS AN( CRE)
&# Sai,ing /a'e;Fir$' /a'e
- $e-ond -)ie o ')e 0e$$e, .)o 'a5e$ ')e +,a-e o ')e
-a+'ain in -a$e o ab$en-e, $i-5ne$$, or dea') and $)a,,
a$$(/e a,, o )i$ d('ie$, +o.er$, and re$+on$ibi,i'ie$
('TIES/
.
&# +ro0ide )i/$e, .i') /a+$, and -)ar'$ .i')
a$'rono/i-a, 'ab,e$ ne-e$$ary or ')e di$-)arge o )i$
d('ie$
*# 5ee+ ')e Binna-,e boo5
6# C)ange ')e -o(r$e o ')e 0oyage on -on$(,'a'ion .i')
-a+'ain and ')e oi-er$ o ')e boa', o,,o.ing ')e
de-i$ion o ')e -a+'ain in -a$e o di$agree/en'$#
7# Re$+on$ib,e or a,, ')e da/age$ -a($ed 'o ')e 0e$$e,
or 'o ')e -argo by rea$on o )i$ neg,igen-e
*# Se-ond /a'e
- 'a5e$ -o//and o ')e 0e$$e, in -a$e o ')e inabi,i'y or
di$4(a,ii-a'ion o ')e -a+'ain and ')e $ai,ing /a'e,
a$$(/ing in $(-) -a$e ')eir +o.er$ and re$+on$ibi,i'ie$
and d('ie$
('TIES/
&# +re$er0e ')e )(,, and rigging o ')e 0e$$e,
*# arrange .e,, ')e -argo
6# di$-i+,ine ')e -re.
7# a$$ign .or5 'o -re. /e/ber$
A# In0en'ory ')e rigging and e4(i+/en' o ')e 0e$$e,, i
,aid (+#
6# Engineer$
- Oi-er$ o ')e 0e$$e, b(' )a0e no a(')ori'y EKCEPT in
/a''er$ 'o /o'or a++ara'($# W)en * or /ore are )ired, one
o ')e/ $)o(,d be ')e C)ie Engineer
('TIES/
&# in -)arge o /o'or a++ara'($, $+are +ar'$, and o')er
in$'r(/en'$ +er'aining 'o ')e engine$
*# 5ee+ ')e engine$ and boi,er$ in good -ondi'ion
6# no' 'o -)ange or re+air ')e engine .i')o(' a(')ori'y o
')e -a+'ain
7# inor/ ')e -a+'ain o any da/age 'o ')e /o'or
a++ara'($
A# 5ee+ an Engine boo5
B# $(+er0i$e a,, +er$onne, /ain'aining ')e engine
7# Me/ber$ o ')e Cre.
- )ired by ')e $)i+ agen'# W)ere )e i$ +re$en' and in )i$
ab$en-e, ')e -a+'ain )ire$ ')e/ +reerring Fi,i+ino$, and in
')eir ab$en-e, )e ,ay 'a5e in oreigner$ b(' no' e3-eeding
&;A o ')e -re.#
CLASSES O, SEAMAN3S CONTRACT/
&# by ')e 0oyage
*# by ')e /on')
6# by $)are o +roi'$ or reig)'age
D'ST CA'SES ,OR T*E (ISC*AR.E O, SEAMAN )*ILE
CONTRACT S'+SISTS/
&# +er+e'ra'ion o a -ri/e
*# re+ea'ed in$(bordina'ion, .an' o di$-i+,ine
6# re+ea'ed in-a+a-i'y and neg,igen-e
7# )abi'(a, dr(n5enne$$
A# +)y$i-a, in-a+a-i'y
B# de$er'ion
CA'SES O, RE2OCATION O, 2O1A.E/
&# .ar
*# b,o-5ade
6# +ro)ibi'ion 'o re-ei0e -argo a' de$'ina'ion
7# e/bargo
A# inabi,i'y o ')e 0e$$e, 'o na0iga'e
R'LES IN CASE O, (EAT* O, A SEAMAN/
- T)e $ea/an:$ )eir$ are en'i',ed 'o ')e +ay/en' a$ o,,o.$%
&# i dea') i$ na'(ra,%
a# -o/+en$a'ion (+ 'o 'i/e o dea') i engaged on
0oyage
b# i by 0oyage9 )a, o a/o(n' i dea') o--(r$ on
0oyage o('2 and (,, i on 0oyage in
-# i by $)are$9 none i beore de+ar'(re2 (,, i a'er
de+ar'(re
*# i dea') i$ d(e 'o deen$e o 0e$$e,9 (,, +ay/en'
6# i -a+'(red in deen$e o 0e$$e,9 (,, +ay/en'
7# i -a+'(red d(e 'o -are,e$$ne$$9 .age$ (+ 'o ')e da'e o
')e -a+'(re
NO LIA+IL1 'N(ER T*E ,OLLO)IN. CIRC'MSTANCES/
&# I beore beginning 0oyage, -a+'ain a''e/+'$ 'o -)ange i' or
a na0a, .ar .i') ')e +o.er 'o .)i-) .a$ de$'ined o--(r$
*# I a di$ea$e brea5$ o(' and be oi-ia,,y de-,ared an
e+ide/i- in ')e +or' o de$'ina'ion
6# I ')e 0e$$e, -)ange o.ner or -a+'ain
COM0LEMENT O, T*E 2ESSEL
- A,, +er$on$ on board, ro/ ')e -a+'ain 'o ')e -abin boy,
ne-e$$ary or ')e /anage/en', /ane(0er$, and $er0i-e,
')($ in-,(ding ')e -re., ')e $ai,ing /a'e$, engineer$,
$'a,5er$ and o')er e/+,oyee$ on board no' )a0ing $+e-ii-
de$igna'ion$
- I' doe$ no' in-,(de ')e +a$$enger$ or ')e +er$on .)o/ ')e
0e$$e, i$ 'ran$+or'ed
,ORMALITIES REA'IRE( ,OR SEAMAN3S A.REEMENT/
&# red(-ed 'o .ri'ing in A--o(n'ing Boo5
*# $igned by +ar'ie$
6# 0i$aed by /arine a(')ori'y i e3e-('ed in P)i,i++ine
'erri'ory;-on$(, or -on$(,ar agen'$ i e3e-('ed abroad
7# read 'o ')e $ea/an -on-erned and $(-) a-' /($' be
$'a'ed in ')e agree/en'
Intrdi!tion o8 Co%%r!
- a go0ern/en'a, +ro)ibi'ion o -o//er-ia, in'er-o(r$e
in'ended 'o bring abo(' an en'ire -e$$a'ion or ')e 'i/e
being o a,, 'rade
E%6argo
- a +ro-,a/a'ion or order o ')e S'a'e ($(a,,y i$$(ed in 'i/e
o .ar; ')rea'ened )o$'i,i'ie$ +ro)ibi'ing ')e de+ar'(re
$)i+$; good$ ro/ $o/e or a,, ')e +or'$ o $(-) S'a'e (n'i,
(r')er order
+lo!4ad
- a $or' o -ir-(/0a,,a'ion o +,a-e by a,, oreign -onne-'ion$
and -orre$+onden-e i$ a$ ar a$ )(/an +o.er -an ae-' i'
'o be -('9o
(9 S'0ERCAR.OES
- +er$on .)o di$-)arge ad/ini$'ra'i0e d('ie$ a$$igned 'o
)i/ by $)i+ agen' or $)i++er$, 5ee+ing an a--o(n' and
re-ord o 'ran$a-'ion a$ re4(ired in ')e a--o(n'ing boo5 o
')e -a+'ain
C*ARTER 0ART1
/
- -on'ra-' by 0ir'(e o .)i-) ')e o.ner or agen' bind$ )i/$e,
'o 'ran$+or' /er-)andi$e or +er$on$ o a i3ed +ri-e
CLASSES O, C*ARTER 0ART1
&# A$ 'o e3'en' o 0e$$e, )ired
a# 'o'a,9 .)o,e o ')e 0e$$e, i$ -)ar'ered
b# +ar'ia,9 on,y +ar' o ')e 0e$$e, i$ -)ar'ered
*# A$ 'o 'i/e
a# (n'i, a i3ed day; or a de'er/ined n(/ber o day$ and
/on')$
b# or a 0oyage?o('going;re'(rn;ro(nd'ri+@
6# A$ 'o reig)'age
a# or a i3ed a/o(n' or ')e .)o,e -argo
b# or a i3ed a/o(n' +er 'on
-# or an a/o(n' +er /on')
,ORMAILITIES REA'IRE( ,OR A C*ARTER 0ART1/
&# in .ri'ing
*# dra.n in d(+,i-a'e
6# $igned by ')e +ar'ie$
7# -on'ain $'i+(,a'ion
no' a,, re4(i$i'e$ are e$$en'ia, or ')e 0a,idi'y o -)ar'er
+ar'y
0ri%ag
- be,ong$ 'o o.ner; reig)'er$2
- in-rea$e o ')e reig)' ra'e
- -on$idered gra'(i'y 'o /a$'er i i$ $'i+(,a'ed
(%$rrag
- $(/ .)i-) i$ i3ed by ')e -on'ra-' o -arriage, or .)i-) i$
a,,o.ed, a$ re/(nera'ion 'o ')e o.ner o a $)i+ or ')e
de'en'ion o )i$ 0e$$e, beyond ')e n(/ber o day$ a,,o.ed
by ')e -)ar'er +ar'y or ,oading;(n,oading;$ai,ing#
LLay day$L
- day$ a,,o.ed 'o -)ar'er +ar'ie$ or ,oading and (n,ading
LE3'ra Lay Day$L
- day$ .)i-) o,,o.ed a'er ,ay day$ )a0e e,a+$ed
.OO(S TRANS,ERRE( MA1 +E/
&# $o,d by -a+'ain 'o ne-e$$ary re+air$
*# 8e''i$oned or ')e -o//on $ae'y
6# ,o$$ by rea$on o $)i+.re-5;$'randing
7# $eiEed by +ira'e$;ene/ie$
A# $(er de'eriora'ion;di/in('ion$
B# in-rea$e by na'(ra, -a($e and .eig)' or $iEe
RI.*TS AN( O+LI.ATIONS O, C*ARTER 0ART1/
A# O ')e $)i+ o.ner or $)i+ agen'
&# I ')e 0e$$e, -)ar'ered .)o,,y no' 'o a--e+' -argo ro/
o')er$
*# To ob$er0e re+re$en'ed -a+a-i'y
6# To (n,oad -argo -,ande$'ine,y +,a-ed
7# To $(b$'i'('e ano')er 0e$$e, i ,oad i$ ,e$$ ')an 6;A o
-a+a-i'y
A# To ,ea0e ')e +or' i ')e -)ar'er doe$ no' bring ')e
-argo .i')in ')e ,ay day$ and e3'ra ,ay day$ a,,o.ed#
B# To +,a-e in a 0e$$e, in a good -ondi'ion 'o na0iga'e
=# To bring -argo 'o neare$' ne('ra, +or' in -a$e o .ar or
b,o-5ade
B# O ')e -)ar'erer
&# 'o +ay ')e agreed -)ar'er +ri-e
*# 'o +ay reig)'age or (nboarded -argoe$
6# 'o +ay ,o$$e$ 'o o')er$ or ,oading (n-on'ra-'ed -argo
and i,,i-i' -argo
7# 'o .ai' i ')e 0e$$e, need$ re+air
A# 'o +ay e3+en$e$ or de0ia'ion
RESCISSION O, C*ARTER 0ART1
A# A' -)ar'erer:$ re4(e$'
&# by abandoning ')e -)ar'er and +aying )a, o ')e
reig)'age
*# error in 'onnage or ,ag
6# ai,(re 'o +,a-e ')e 0e$$e, a' ')e -)ar'erer:$ di$+o$a,
7# re'(rn o ')e 0e$$e, d(e 'o +ira'e$, ene/ie$ or bad
.ea')er
A# arri0a, a' ')e +or' or re+air$
B# A' $)i+ o.nerF$ re4(e$'
&# I ')e e3'ra ,ay day$ 'er/ina'e .i')o(' -argo being
+,a-ed a,ong$ide ')e 0e$$e,
*# Sa,e by ')e o.ner o ')e 0e$$e, beore ,oading
C# For'(i'o($ -a($e$
&# .ar
*# b,o-5ade
6# +ro)ibi'ion 'o re-ei0e -argo
7# e/bargo
A# inabi,i'y o ')e 0e$$e, 'o na0iga'e
Loan on +otto%ry
- ,oan /ade by $)i+ o.ner or $)i+ agen' g(aran'eed by
0e$$e, i'$e, and re+ayab,e (+on arri0a, o 0e$$e, a'
de$'ina'ion
Loan on R"&ondntia
- ,oan , 'a5en on $e-(ri'y o ')e -argo ,aden on ')e 0e$$e,,
and re+ayab,e (+on $ae arri0a, o -argo a' $ae
de$igna'ion
COMMON ELEMENTS O, LOANS ON +OTTOMR1 AN(
RES0ON(ENTIA
&# e3+o$(re o $e-(ri'y or /arine +eri,
*# ob,iga'ion o ')e deb'or -ondi'ioned on,y (+on $ae arri0a,
o $e-(ri'y a' ')e +oin' o de$'ina'ion
E:CE0TIONS TO T*E *10OT*ECAR1 NAT'RE O,
+OTTOMR1 AN( RES0ON(ENTIS/
&# ,o$$ d(e 'o in)eren' dee-'
*# ,o$$ d(e 'o ')e barra'ry on ')e +ar' o ')e -a+'ain
6# ,o$$ d(e 'o ')e a(,' or /a,i-e o ')e borro.er
7# ')a' ')e 0e$$e, i$ engaged in -on'raband
A# ')a' ')e -argo ,oaded on ')e 0e$$e, be dieren' ro/ ')a'
agreed (+on
ACCI(ENTS IN MARITIME COMMERCE/
19 A2ERA.ES
29 ARRI2AL 'N(ER STRESS
39 COLLISION
;9 S*I0)RECE
0
I9 A?rag"
- an e3'raordinary or a--iden'a, e3+en$e in-(rred d(ring ')e
0oyage in order 'o +re$er0e ')e -argo, 0e$$e, or bo') and
a,, da/age$ or de'eriora'ion $(ered by ')e 0e$$e, ro/
de+ar'(re 'o ')e +or' o de$'ina'ion and 'o ')e -argo ro/
')e +or' o ,oading 'o ')e +or' o -on$ign/en'
CLASSES/
&# Par'i-(,ar;Si/+,e
- da/age ; e3+en$e$ -a($ed 'o ')e 0e$$e, or -argo ')a' did
no' in(red 'o ')e -o//on benei' and borne by re$+e-'i0e
o.ner
- ')e o.ner o ')e good$ .)i-) gi0e ri$e 'o e3+en$e or $(er
da/age $)a,, bear ')i$ a0erage
*# Gro$$; Genera,
- da/age; e3+en$e$ de,ibera'e,y -a($ed in order 'o $a0e ')e
0e$$e,, i'$ -argo or bo') ro/ rea, or 5no.n ri$5
9REM"ISITES%
a# -o//on danger
b# de,ibera'e $a-rii-e
-# $(--e$$
d# +ro+er or/a,i'ie$ and ,ega, $'e+$
OR(ER O, .OO(S TO +E CAST O2ER+OAR( IN CASE O,
DETTISON/
&# ')o$e .)i-) are on ')e de-5, +reerring ')e )ea0ie$' one
.i') ')e ,ea$' ('i,i'y o 0a,(e
*# ')o$e .)i-) are be,o. ')e (++er de-5 beginning .i') ')e
one .i') grea'e$' .eig)' and $/a,,e$' 0a,(e
II9 Arri?al 'ndr "tr""
- arri0a, o a 0e$$e, a' a +or' o de$'ina'ion on a--o(n' o ,a-5
o +ro0i$ion, .e,,9o(nded ear o $eiE(re, +ira'e$, or
a--iden'$ in $ea di$ab,ing na0iga'ion
- .)en (n,a.(,%
&# ,a-5 o +ro0i$ion$ d(e 'o neg,igen-e 'o -arry a--ording
'o ($age and -($'o/$
*# ri$5 o ene/ie$ no' .e,,95no.n or /anie$'
6# dee-' d(e 'o i/+ro+er re+air
7# /a,i-e, neg,igen-e, ,a-5 o ore$ig)', ,a-5 o $5i,,
III9 COLLISION
- i/+a-' o '.o 0e$$e,$ bo') o .)i-) are /o0ing
ALLISION
- i/+a-' be'.een a /o0ing 0e$$e, and $'a'ionary one
FONES O, TIME IN COLLISION O, 2ESSELS/
&# Fir$' Eone9 a,, 'i/e (+ 'o ')e /o/en' .)en ri$5 o -o,,i$ion
begin$
*# Se-ond None9 'i/e be'.een /o/en' .)en ri$5 o -o,,i$ion
begin$ and /o/en' i' be-o/e$ a +ra-'i-a, -er'ain'y
6# T)ird None9 'i/e .)en -o,,i$ion i$ -er'ain and 'i/e o
i/+a-'
CASES CO2ERE( +1 COLLISION AN( ALLISION/
&# one 0e$$e, a' a(,'9 $(-) 0e$$e, i$ ,iab,e or da/age -a($ed
'o inno-en' 0e$$e, a$ .e,, a$ da/age$ $(ered by o.ner$
o -argo o bo') 0e$$e,$
*# bo') 0e$$e,$ a' a(,'9 ea-) 0e$$e, /($' bear i'$ o.n ,o$$
b(' ')e $)i++er$ o bo') 0e$$e, /ay go again$' ')e $)i+
o.ner .)o .i,, be $o,idari,y ,iab,e
6# 0e$$e, a' a(,' no' 5no.n9 $a/e a$ r(,e *
7# ')ird 0e$$e, a' a(,'9 $a/e r(,e &
A# or'(i'o($ e0en'9 no ,iabi,i'y, ea-) bear i'$ o.n ,o$$
I29 S*I0)RECE
- ,o$$ o ')e 0e$$e, a' $ea a$ a -on$e4(en-e o i'$ gro(nding
or r(nning again$' an ob8e-' in $ea or on ')e -oa$'
- i ')e .re-5 .a$ d(e 'o /a,i-e, neg,igen-e or ,a-5 o $5i,, o
')e -a+'ain, ')e o.ner o ')e 0e$$e, /ay de/and inde/ni'y
ro/ $aid -a+'ain#
COMMON CARRIERS
( ARTICLES 1732-1766)
Co%%on Carrir"
- are PERSONS, CORPORATION, FIRMS, or
ASSOCIATIONS engaged in CARRYING or
TRANSPORTING PASSENGERS or GOODS or BOTH, by
LAND, WATER, or AIR or COMPENSATION OF
OFFERING THEIR SER!ICES TO THE P"BLIC#
E3'raordinary di,igen-e i$ re4(ired 'o -o//on -arrier$ in
'ran$+or'ing good$ and +a$$enger$
Rea$on$%
&# na'(re o ')e b($ine$$
*# +(b,i- +o,i-y
Regi$'ered o.ner +ri/ari,y and $o,idari,y .i') dri0er (nder ')e
1ABIT SYSTEM# 1abi' $y$'e/ i$ -on'rary 'o +(b,i- +o,i-y2
')ereore, 0oid and ine3i$'en'#
CIRC'MSTANCES 'N(ER )*IC* COMMON CARRIERES
CANNOT +E *EL( LIA+LE ,OR T*E LOSS-(ESTR'CTION
O, .OO(S/
&# ,ood, $'or/, ear')4(a5e, or o')er na'(ra, -a,a/i'ie$
*# a-' o +(b,i- ene/y in .ar, ei')er in'erna'iona, or ,o-a,
A# a-' or o/i$$ion o ')e $)i++er or o.ner o ')e good$
B# -)ara-'er o ')e good$ or dee-'$ o ')e +a-5ing
=# order o -o/+e'en' a(')ori'y
E3'raordinary di,igen-e ,a$'$ ro/ ')e 'i/e ')e -argoe$ are
,oaded in ')e 0e$$e, (n'i, ')ey are di$-)arged and de,i0ered 'o
')e -on$ignee#
Air -arrier$ -an 'er/ina'e $er0i-e$ o +i,o'$ or $erio($
/i$-ond(-' and dr(n5enne$$ be-a($e o i'$ e3'raordinary
di,igen-e#
INSTANCES )*IC* ARE NOT CASO ,ORT'ITO/
&# )i8a-5ing
*# a-'$ o $'ranger$ ,i5e ')ie0e$ or robber$ a-'ed .i')
gra0e or 0io,en-e
6# a--iden'$ d(e 'o dee-'$ o -arrier
7# .)ere 'ie b,o.9o('
Fire i$ no' a na'(ra, di$a$'er
No'i-e o arri0a, o good$ a/o(n'$ 'o -on$'r(-'i0e de,i0ery
S)i++er bo(nd 'o ob$er0e a,, di,igen-e in ob'aining de,i0ery o
good$
1
Co//on Carrier$ /ay be e3e/+'ed ro/ re$+on$ibi,i'y
PRO!IDED ')a' na'(ra, di$a$'er i$ ')e +ro3i/a'e and on,y
-a($e o ')e ,o$$#
STI0'LATIONS LIMITIN. LIA+ILIT1 IS 2ALI( 0RO2I(E(
T*AT/
&# ')e $'i+(,a'ion be in .ri'ing $igned by bo') +ar'ie$
*# ')e $'i+(,a'ion be $(++or'ed by a 0a,(ab,e
-on$idera'ion o')er ')an ')e $er0i-e rendered by
-o//on -arrier
6# ')e $'i+(,a'ion be rea$onab,e, 8($' and no' -on'rary 'o
+(b,i- +o,i-y
SOME 2ALI( STI0'LATIONS LIMITIN. CARRIER3S
LIA+ILIT1/
&# a--o(n' o $'ri5e$ or rio'
*# 0a,(e o ')e good$ a++earing in bi,, o ,ading "NLESS
$)i++er de-,are$ a grea'er 0a,(e
6# -on'ra-' i3ing ')e $(/ ')a' /ay be re-o0ered
2OI( STI0'LATIONS LIMITIN. CARRIER3S Lia6ility/
&# ')e good$ are 'ran$+or'ed a' ')e ri$5 o ')e $)i++er
*# ')a' ')e $)i++er i$ no' ,iab,e or any ,o$$ or de$'r(-'ion
o ')e good$
6# ')a' ')e -o//on -arrier need no' ob$er0ed any
di,igen-e and ,e$$ ')an ')a' o good a')er o a a/i,y
7# ')a' ')e -o//on -arrier $)a,, no' be re$+on$ib,e or
any a-'$ o i'$ e/+,oyee
T)e ,a. o ')e -o(n'ry 'o .)i-) ')e good$ are 'o be 'ran$+or'ed
$)a,, go0ern ')e ,iabi,i'y o -o//on -arrier or ')eir ,o$$,
de$'r(-'ion, or de'eriora'ion#
T)e a-' o ')e ')ie or robber$ .)o en'ered ')e -o//on -arrier:$
0e)i-,e i$ no' dee/ed or-e /a8e(re "NLESS i' i$ done .i') ')e
($e o ar/$ or ')ro(g) irre$i$'ib,e or-e#
A -o//on -arrier i$ bo(nd 'o -arry ')e +a$$enger$ $ae,y a$ ar
a$ )(/an -are and ore$ig)' -an +ro0ide ($ing ')e ('/o$'
di,igen-e o a 0ery -a('io($ +er$on .i') a regard o
-ir-(/$'an-e$#
In -a$e o dea') or in8(rie$ 'o +a$$enger$, -o//on -arrier$ are
+re$(/ed 'o be a' a(,' "NLESS +ro0ed ')a' ')ey ob$er0e e3'ra
ordinary di,igen-e#
LAST CLEAR C*ANCE
- ')i$ +rin-i+,e a++,ie$ on,y in a $(i' be'.een o.ner$ and
dri0er$ o '.o -o,,iding 0e)i-,e$# T)i$ i$ no' a++,i-ab,e 'o
Con'ra-' o Carriage#
Carrier no' ordinari,y ,iab,e or in8(rie$ 'o +a$$enger$ d(e 'o
ire$, and e3+,o$ion$ -a($ed by ar'i-,e$ bro(g)' in'o
-on0eyan-e by o')er +a$$enger$#
Ti!4t i" a !o%&lt 5rittn !ontra!t 6y and 6t5n t7
"7i&&r and &a""ngr 8or it !ontain"/
&# -on$en' o ')e -on'ra-'ing +ar'ie$
*# -a($e or -on$idera'ion .)i-) i$ ')e are +aid by ')e
+a$$enger$
6# ob8e-' .)i-) i$ ')e 'ran$+or'a'ion o ')e +a$$enger
ro/ ')e +,a-e o de+ar'(re 'o ')e +,a-e o de$'ina'ion#
Red(-'ion o are doe$ no' 8($'iy any ,i/i'a'ion o ')e -o//on
-arrier:$ ,iabi,i'y#
Pa$$enger bo(nd no'.i')$'anding )i$ ai,(re 'o $ign +,ane 'i-5e'
-on'aining $'i+(,a'ion ,i/i'ing ,iabi,i'y 5no.n a$ -on'ra-' o
ad)e$ion#
T7 xtraordinary dilign! r#$ird 8or !arriag o8
&a""ngr" !annot 6 di"&n"d 5it7/
&# by $'i+(,a'ion
*# by +o$'ing o no'i-e$
6# by $'a'e/en' o 'i-5e'$
7# o')er.i$e )o.e0er a$ an e3-e+'ion, +ar'ie$ /ay
$'i+(,a'e ,i/i'ing -arrier:$ ,iabi,i'y .)ere ')e +a$$enger
i$ -arried gra'(i'o($,y
Co//on Carrier i$ ,iab,e or da/age$ or dee-'$ o i'$
e4(i+/en'#
Co//on Carrier i$ ,iab,e or ')e /i$-ond(-' o i'$ e/+,oyee$
done in ')eir o.n in'ere$'#
Rea$on% ')e $er0an' i$ -,o')ed .i') ')e de,ega'ed a(')ori'y and
-)arged .i') d('y by ')e -arrier 'o e3e-('e )i$ (nder'a5ing$ 'o
-arry ')e +a$$enger $ae,y#
Carrier e3e/+' ro/ a-'$ o e/+,oyee$ no' done in ,ine o d('y#
T)e +a$$enger /($' ob$er0e ')e di,igen-e o a good a')er o a
a/i,y or ordinary di,igen-e 'o a0oid in8(ry 'o )i/$e,#
E,,ECTS O, NE.LI.ENCE9 .)ere ')e +ro3i/a'e -a($e o ')e
dea'); in8(ry 'o ')e +a$$enger i$ )i$ o.n neg,igen-e, -o//on
-arrier i$ e3e/+'ed ro/ ,iabi,i'y#
E,,ECT O, 0ASSEN.ER3S CONTRI+'TOR1 NE.LI.ENCE9
+a$$enger:$ -on'rib('ory neg,igen-e doe$ no' 8($'iy -arrier:$
e3e/+'ion ro/ ,iabi,i'y# Ho.e0er, ')e da/age$ .i,, be e4(i'ab,y
red(-ed#
A -o//on -arrier i$ re$+on$ib,e or in8(rie$ $(ered by a
+a$$enger on a--o(n' o ')e ,a.(, a-'$;neg,igen-e o o')er
+a$$enger$ or o $'ranger$ +ro0ided ')a' ')e e/+,oyee$ -o(,d
)a0e +re0en'ed ')e a-' or o/i$$ion ')ro(g) ')e e3er-i$e o a
good a')er o a a/i,y#
Degree o di,igen-e re4(ired o -arrier$ e/+,oyee$9 /ere,y ')a'
o ')e good a')er o a a/i,y or ordinary di,igen-e#
Liabi,i'y o air -arrier (nder War$a. Con0en'ion o O-'ober
&*,&<*<, ar'i-,e &=, ')e -arrier $)a,, be ,iab,e or da/age$
$($'ained in ')e e0en' o dea') or in8(ry o a +a$$enger i
a--iden' 'oo5 +,a-e on board ')e air-ra' or in ')e -o(r$e o
Ar'i-,e &>?&@, ')e -arrier $)a,, be ,iab,e or da/age$ $($'ained in
')e e0en' o de$'r(-'ion or ,o$$ o or o da/age 'o any -)e-5ed
baggage or any good$ in ')e -o(r$e o 'ran$+or'a'ion#
?*@, ')e 'ran$+or'a'ion o air $)a,, -o/+ri$e ')e +eriod d(ring
.)i-) ')e baggage or good$ are in ')e -)arge o ')e -arrier
.)e')er an air+or' or on board an air-ra' or in -a$e o ,anding
o('$ide an air+or'#
?6@, ')e +eriod o 'ran$+or'a'ion by air $)a,, no' e3'end 'o any
'ran$+or'a'ion by ,and, $ea, or ri0er o('$ide an air+or'#
Ar'i-,e &<, ')e -arrier $)a,, be ,iab,e or da/age$ o--a$ioned by
de,ay in 'ran$+or'a'ion by air o +a$$enger$, baggage, or good$#
+)
(AMA.ES RECO2ERA+LE )*EN (EAT* OCC'RS ('E
TO COMMISSION O, A CRIME/
&# inde/ni'y or dea') o a 0i-'i/
*# inde/ni'y or ,o$$ o earning
6# /ora, da/age$
7# e3e/+,ary da/age$
A# a''orney:$ ee$ and e3+en$e$ o ,i'iga'ion,
B# in'ere$' and +ro+er'ie$
,ACTORS TO +E CONSI(ERE( IN A)AR(IN. (AMA.ES
ARISIN. ,ROM (EAT*/
&# n(/ber o year$ on ')e ba$i$ o .)i-) ')e da/age$
$)a,, be -o/+('ed
*# ra'e a' .)i-) ')e ,o$$e$ $($'ained $)o(,d be i3ed
For i3ed inde/ni'y or dea'), ')ere i$ no need 'o in'erroga'e
.i'ne$$#
Co//on -arrier no' ,iab,e or /ora, da/age$ 'o +a$$enger $
in8(red d(e 'o neg,igen-e o dri0er#
Carrier i$ ,iab,e .)en i' i$$(e$ 'o +a$$enger a -onir/ed 'i-5e'
or a +ar'i-(,ar 'i-5e' i )e i$ no' +(' in ')a' ,ig)'#
Carrier ,iab,e on,y or da/age$ ')a' are na'(ra, and +robab,e
-on$e4(en-e and brea-) o -on'ra-' .)i-) in-,(de$ /edi-a,,
)o$+i'a, and o')er e3+en$e$#
ITEMS INCL'(E IN ACT'AL (AMA.ES/
&# in-o/e 'o be earned (+on -o/+,e'ion o $'(die$
*# ')e $(/ being -arried by de-ea$ed +a$$enger .)i-)
.a$ ,o$'
6# a/o(n' $+end 'o )er (nera,
7# a''orney:$ ee$ and -o(r' e3+en$e$
A# ,o$$ o ')e /er-)andi$e -arried by ')e de-ea$ed
B# ,o$$ o baggage -on'aining /edi-ine, bo3e$, and
$(i'-a$e$ o +er$ona, be,onging$
E:CE0TIONS TO R'LE T*AT CARRIER NOT LIA+LE ,OR
MORAL (AMA.ES IN +REAC* O, CONTRACT/
&# .)ere ')e /i$)a+ re$(,'$ in ')e dea') o +a$$enger
*# .)ere i' i$ +ro0ed ')a' ')e -arrier i$ g(i,'y o ra(d or
bad ai') e0en i dea') doe$ no' re$(,'
6# .)ere ')e +a$$enger $(er$ $o-ia, )(/i,ia'ion,
.o(nded ee,ing$, an3ie'y and /en'a, ang(i$)
S(r0i0ing +a$$enger i$ no' en'i',ed 'o /ora, da/age$# Mere
-are,e$$ne$$ o ')e -arrier doe$ no' +er $e -on$'i'('e an
ineren-e o /a,i-e or bad ai') on i'$ +ar'#
Carrier $(b$idiari,y ,iab,e or /ora, da/age$ in a-'ion$ e3
de,i-'o#
E3e/+,ary da/age$ -anno' be re-o0ered a$ a /a''er o rig)'#
No/ina, and e3e/+,ary da/age$ a.arded or .i,,(, brea-) o
-on'ra-' -o//i''ed ')ro(g) agen' or e/+,oyee#
Carrier in-(rring on,y de,ay no' ,iab,e or /ora, and e3e/+,ary
da/age$ b(' on,y 'o ')e ,i/i'ed a/o(n' +rin'ed in ')e +,ane
'i-5e'#
E3e/+,ary da/age$ i$ a,,o.ab,e (nder 1abi' Sy$'e/#
Co//on Carrier in No/ina, Da/age$ or ai,(re o -arrier 'o
bring +a$$enger 'o )i$ de$'ina'ion b(' /ere 0io,a'ion o a
Con'ra-' o Carriage doe$ no' .arran' re-o0ery or /ora,
da/age$#
In -a$e o brea-) o ')e -arrier:$ -on'ra-'(a, ob,iga'ion 'o -arry
)i$ +a$$enger $ae,y 'o ')eir de$'ina'ion, ')e -arrier i$ $o,idari,y
,iab,e or )i$ dri0er:$ neg,igen-e# E3er-i$e o d(e di,igen-e in
$e,e-'ing dri0er i$ no' a deen$e#
Pre+onderan-e o e0iden-e $(i-ien' 'o +ro0e -i0i, ,iabi,i'y
ari$ing ro/ neg,igen-e#
-
-
0'+LIC SER2ICE LA) 0'+LIC SER2ICE LA)
(C9A9 No9 1;6 a" a%ndd and %odi8id 6y
0( No9 1 Intgratd RorganiGation 0lan and E9O9H;6)
INTRO('CTION/
0'+LIC SER2ICE OR 0'+LIC 'TILIT1 (E,INE(

0$6li! Sr?i! 0$6li! Sr?i!- in-,(de$ e0ery +er$on ')a' no. or
)erea'er /ay o.n, o+era'e, /anage or -on'ro, in ')e
P)i,i++ine$ or )ire or -o/+en$a'ion, .i') genera, or
,i/i'ed -,ien'e,e, .)e')er +er/anen', o--a$iona, or
a--iden'a,, and done or genera, b($ine$$ +(r+o$e$,
any -o//on -arrier, $)i+yard, i-e +,an', e,e-'ri- ,ig)',
)ea' and +o.er or any o')er ('i,i'y, ?Se-# &6 b, C#A#
&7B a$ a/ended@#
P(b,i- "'i,i'y P(b,i- "'i,i'y9 a b($ine$$ or $er0i-e engaged in
$(++,ying ')e +(b,i- .i') $o/e -o//odi'y or $er0i-e
o +(b,i- -on$e4(en-e# ?A,bano 0# Reye$, &=A SCRA
*B7@
ORDINARY AND PRIMARY PURPOSE OF THE PUBLIC
SERVICE LAW
ORDINARY P"RPOSE%
To $(b8e-' +(b,i- $er0i-e$ 'o $'a'e -on'ro, and
reg(,a'ion#
SPECIFIC P"RPOSES%
&# To $e-(re ade4(a'e, $($'ained $er0i-e or
')e +(b,i- a' ')e ,ea$' +o$$ib,e -o$', and
+ro'e-' ')e +(b,i- again$' (nrea$onab,e
-)arge$ and +oor inei-ien' $er0i-e#
*# To +ro'e-' and -on$er0e in0e$'/en'$ .)i-)
)a0e a,ready been /ade or +(b,i- $er0i-e,
and +re0en' r(ino($ -o/+e'i'ion#
+ASIS O, T*E LE.ISLATI2E 0O)ER TO RE.'LATE
0'+LIC SER2ICES/
POLICE POWER, or ')e +ro'e-'ion o ')e +(b,i- a$
.e,, a$ ')e ('i,i'ie$ ')e/$e,0e$# ?Pan'ran-o 0# P#S#C#,
=D P)i, **&@
++
CONSTIT"TIONAL BASIS% CONSTIT"TIONAL BASIS%
&# ARTICLE KII, SECTION &&%
O A ran-)i$e, -er'ii-a'e, or any o')er or/ o
a(')oriEa'ion or ')e o+era'ion o +(b,i- ('i,i'y
$)a,, be gran'ed 'o%
- Fi,i+ino Ci'iEen$
- Cor+ora'ion$ or a$$o-ia'ion$
organiEed (nder P)i,i++ine La.$
.)ere a' ,ea$' BDP o ')e -a+i'a,
i$ o.ned by Fi,i+ino Ci'iEen$#
- &DDP Fi,i+ino Manage/en'
O Ma$$ /edia and -o//er-ia,
'e,e-o//(ni-a'ion$ $)a,, be%
- &DDP Fi,i+ino Ca+i'a,, and
- &DDP Fi,i+ino /anage/en'
*# ARTICLE KII, SEC &=%
In 'i/e$ o na'iona, e/ergen-y, .)en ')e +(b,i-
in'ere$' $o re4(ire$, ')e S'a'e /ay d(ring ')e
e/ergen-y and (nder rea$onab,e 'er/$, 'e/+orari,y
'a5e o0er or dire-' ')e o+era'ion o any +ri0a'e o.ned
+(b,i- ('i,i'y or b($ine$$ ae-'ed .i') +(b,i- in'ere$'$#
6# ARTICLE KII, SECTION &>
T)e $'a'e /ay, in ')e in'ere$' o na'iona, .e,are or
deen$e, e$'ab,i$) and o+era'e 0i'a, ind($'rie$ and
(+on +ay/en' o 8($' -o/+en$a'ion, 'ran$er 'o +(b,i-
o.ner$)i+ ('i,i'ie$ and o')er +ri0a'e en'er+ri$e$ 'o be
o+era'ed by ')e go0ern/en'#
7# ARTICLE KII, SECTION &<
T)e $'a'e $)a,, reg(,a'e or +ro)ibi' /ono+o,ie$ .)en
')e +(b,i- in'ere$' $o re4(ire$2 no -o/bina'ion in
re$'rain' o 'rade or (nair -o/+e'i'ion $)a,, be a,,o.ed
O,,ICES NO) C*AR.E( )IT* EN,ORCEMENT O,
0'+LIC SER2ICE LA)
T)e P(b,i- Ser0i-e Co//i$$ion )a$ been abo,i$)ed# T)e
o,,o.ing re+,a-ed i'%
&# LAND TRANSPORTATION9 De+ar'/en' o
Tran$+or'a'ion and Co//(ni-a'ion ?DOTC@ and ')e
Land Tran$+or'a'ion Fran-)i$ing and Reg(,a'ory
Board ?LTFRB@
*# WATER TRANSPORTATION9 Mari'i/e Ind($'ry
A(')ori'y ?MARINA@
6# AIR TRANSPORTATION9 Air Tran$+or'a'ion Oi-e
?ATO@ )eaded by an a$$i$'an' $e-re'ary and ')e Ci0i,
Aerona('i-$ Board, .)i-) )a$ been +,a-ed (nder ')e
DOTC a$ an a''a-)ed agen-y#
7# TELECOMM"NICATIONS9 Na'iona,
Te,e-o//(ni-a'ion$ Co//i$$ion, .)i-) )a$ been
+,a-ed (nder ')e DOTC a$ an a''a-)ed agen-y#
A# ENERGY9 Board o Energy b(' 'ran$erred 'o ')e
Energy Reg(,a'ory Board ?ERB@
B# WATERWOR1S9 Na'iona, Wa'er Re$o(r-e$ Co(n-i,
T)e DOTC $)a,, be ')e +ri/ary en'i'y in
Tran$+or'a'ion and Co//(ni-a'ion
LIMITATIONS ON T*E 0O)ERS O, T*E RE.'LATOR1
+OAR(S> COMMISSIONS AN( CO'NCILS/
19 .nral/
Po.er$ are ,i/i'ed ro/ ')o$e gran'ed in ')e
,egi$,a'ion -rea'ing ')e body#
29 Con"tit$tional/
Reg(,a'ion$ i/+o$ed /($' no' )a0e ')e ee-' o
de+ri0ing an o.ner o )i$ +ro+er'y .i')o(' d(e
+ro-e$$ o ,a. nor -oni$-a'ing or a++ro+ria'ing
+ri0a'e +ro+er'y .i')o(' 8($' -o/+en$a'ion#
39 D$di!ial/
Board$, -o//i$$ion$ are no' 8(di-ia, 'rib(na,$
and ')ereore -anno' de'er/ine 8(di-ia, 4(e$'ion$
$(-) a$ 0a,idi'y o -on'ra-'#
;9 D$ri"di!tion/
E3'end$ on,y 'o +er$on$ engaged in +(b,i-
('i,i'ie$, or o0er a +(b,i- ('i,i'y, .)i-) )o,d$ a
Cer'ii-a'e o P(b,i- Con0enien-e#
B. JURISDICTION
General Rule: O0er +er$on$ engaged in +(b,i-
('i,i'ie$, or o0er a +(b,i- ('i,i'y, .)i-) )o,d$ a
Cer'ii-a'e o P(b,i- Con0enien-e#
Ee!"#$%n: 0io,a'or$ o a 0a,id reg(,a'ion
+ro/(,ga'ed (nder ')e ,a.
C9 .ENERAL 0O)ERS O, T*E COMMISSION
a) ISSUE CERTIFICATES
CERTIFICATE OF P"BLIC CON!ENIENCE ?CPC@
An a(')oriEa'ion i$$(ed by ')e -o//i$$ion or ')e
o+era'ion o +(b,i- $er0i-e$ or .)i-) no ran-)i$e ei')er
/(ni-i+a, or ,egi$,a'i0e i$ re4(ired by ,a.#
CERTIFICATE OF P"BLIC CON!ENIENCE H
NECESSITY ?CPCN@
An a(')oriEa'ion i$$(ed by ')e -o//i$$ion or ')e
o+era'ion o +(b,i- $er0i-e$ or .)i-) a ran-)i$e i$
re4(ired by ,a.#
&# NAT"RE OF A CERTIFICATE OF P"BLIC
CON!ENIENCE
I' -on$'i'('e$ nei')er a FRANCHISE nor
a CONTRACT# I' -oner$ no +ro+er'y rig)'$ and i$
a /ere ,i-en$e or +ri0i,ege#
*# GENERAL R"LE% NECESSITY OF
CERTIFICATE OF P"BLIC CON!ENIENCE or
CERTIFICATE OF P"BLIC CON!ENIENCE H
NECESSITY
"n,e$$ o')er.i$e e3e/+', no +(b,i-
$er0i-e $)a,, o+era'e .i')o(' )a0ing been i$$(ed
+(
a -er'ii-a'e o +(b,i- -on0enien-e ?no ran-)i$e
i$ re4(ired by ,a.@ or a -er'ii-a'e o +(b,i-
-on0enien-e and ne-e$$i'y ?a +rior ran-)i$e i$
re4(ired by ,a.@#
6# EKCEPTIONS ?Se-'ion &7, P(b,i- Ser0i-e La.@

Crti8i!at o8 &$6li! !on?nin!> not n!""ary in t7
8ollo5ing/
a# Ware)o($e$
b# Ani/a, dra.n 0e)i-,e$, ban-a$ +o.ered by oar or $ai,2
'(gboa'$, ,ig)'er$ or +eda, dri0en 0e)i-,e$
-# Air$)i+$ e3-e+' a$ 'o i3ing o ra'e$
d# Radio Co/+anie$, e3-e+' a$ 'o i3ing o ra'e$
e# P(b,i- ('i,i'ie$ o+era'ed by ')e Na'iona, Go0ern/en'
# Go0ern/en' or +o,i'i-a, $(bdi0i$ion$ e3-e+' a$ 'o ra'e$
g# I-e+,an'$
)# P(b,i- Mar5e'$
7# REM"ISITES BEFORE A CERTIFICATE OF
P"BLIC CON!ENIENCE MAY BE GRANTED%
a# CITINENSHIP C Fi,i+ino Ci'iEen2 Fi,i+ino
Cor+ora'ion$; A$$o-ia'ion$
b# FINANCIAL CAPACITY
-# P"BLIC NECESSITY
d# P"BLIC CON!ENIENCE
Con"idration"%
a@ FINANCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY OF
APPLICANTS
a@ RELIABILITY OF
THE APPLICATION
b@ PRIORITY OF
FILING THE APPLICATION
-@ PRIORITY OF
OPERATION
0RIOR A00LICANT R'LE
Priori'y in ')e i,ing o a++,i-a'ion or a CPC i$, o')er
-ondi'ion$ being e4(a,, an i/+or'an' a-'or in de'er/ining ')e
rig)'$ o ')e +(b,i- $er0i-e -o/+anie$, and in ')e gran'ing or
re($a, o a -er'ii-a'e# ?Ba'anga$ Tran$ Co# 0 Or,ane$, A* P)i,
7AA@
0RIOR O0ERATOR R'LE
T)e ,a. -on'e/+,a'e$ ')a' ')e ir$' ,i-en$ee .i,, be
+ro'e-'ed in )i$ in0e$'/en' and .i,, no' be $(b8e-'ed 'o a
r(ino($ -o/+e'i'ion# I' i$ no' ')ereore ')e +o,i-y o ')e ,a. 'o
i$$(e a CPC 'o a $e-ond o+era'or 'o -o0er ')e $a/e ie,d and in
-o/+e'i'ion .i') a ir$' o+era'or .)o i$ rendering $(i-ien',
ade4(a'e and $a'i$a-'ory $er0i-e, and .)o in a,, ')ing$ and
re$+e-'$ i$ -o/+,ying .i') ')e r(,e$ and reg(,a'ion$ o ')e
-o//i$$ion# T)e o,d o+era'or /($' be gi0en ')e o++or'(ni'y 'o
i/+ro0e and e3'end )i$ ,ine$# ?Ba'anga$ Tran$ Co# 0 Or,ane$,
A* P)i, 7AA@
+ASIS O, T*E 0RIOR O0ERATOR R'LE
Pre0en' r(ino($ and .a$'e(, -o/+e'i'ion and in'ere$'
o +(b,i- .i,, be +re$er0ed#
E:CE0TIONS TO T*E 0RIOR O0ERATOR R'LE/
&# O+era'or ai,$; neg,e-'$ 'o /a5e
i/+ro0e/en' or ee-' ')e in-rea$e in $er0i-e .)en
gi0en ')e o++or'(ni'y#
*# W)en Prior o+era'or oer$ 'o /ee'
in-rea$e$ in de/and on,y .)en ano')er o+era'or oered
'o render addi'iona, $er0i-e
6# Abandon/en' o o+era'ion
7# Prior o+era'or$ did no' o++o$e
a++,i-a'ion
A# Prior o+era'or -anno' $a'i$y need$ o
')e +(b,i-
B# W)en o++or'(ni'y 'o i/+ro0e $er0i-e i$
rai$ed by +rior o+era'or on,y on a++ea,#
=# CPC gran'ed 'o ')e a++,i-an' i$ a
/aiden ran-)i$e -o0ering a ne. ro('e, a,bei'
o0er,a++ing .i') ')a' o ')e o,d o+era'or
># E3+ira'ion o -or+ora'e e3i$'en-e o
+rior o+era'or#
<# Mono+o,y
&D# Pa$$age ')ro(g) +ri0a'e $(bdi0i$ion
.)i-) gran'ed +er/i' 'o ano')er
b.) TO APPROVE A!" FRA!C#ISE OR
PRIVILE$E $RA!TED B" A!" POLITICAL SUBDIVISIO! OF
T#E P#ILIPPI!ES %#E! I! ITS &UD$'E!T SUC#
FRA!C#ISE OR PRIVILE$E %ILL PROPERL" CO!SERVE
T#E PUBLIC I!TEREST.
Re4(ire/en' o +re0io($ no'i-e and )earing#
T)e e3er-i$e o ')e $aid +o.er i$ i' di$-re'ionary a$ i' i$ 9
$(b8e-' 'o -ondi'ion$, e4(i+/en', /ain'enan-e, $er0i-e and
o+era'ion2
In ')e e3er-i$e o ')e abo0e9/en'ioned +o.er i' i$ a,$o
ne-e$$ary 'o de'er/ine .)e')er ')e e3er-i$e o ')e rig)'$
or +ri0i,ege$ gran'ed by ')e ran-)i$e are ne-e$$ary and
ade4(a'e or ')e +(b,i- -on0enien-e#
NAT'RE O, ,RANC*ISE/
,ran!7i" i" NOT x!l$"i? in nat$r9
Se-'ion &&, Ar'i-,e KII, &<>= P)i,i++ine
Con$'i'('ion C QNo ran-)i$e, -er'ii-a'e, or any o')er or/
o a(')oriEa'ion or ')e o+era'ion o a +(b,i- ('i,i'y $)a,, be
gran'ed e3-e+' 'o -i'iEen$ o ')e P)i,i++ine$ or 'o
-or+ora'ion$ or a$$o-ia'ion$ organiEed (nder ')e ,a.$ o
')e P)i,i++ine$ a' ,ea$' $i3'y +er -en'(/ o .)o$e -a+i'a, i$
o.ned by $(-) -i'iEen$, nor "7all "$!7 8ran!7i">
!rti8i!at> or a$t7oriGation 6 x!l$"i? in !7ara!tr or
8or a longr &riod t7an 8i8ty yar"#R
,ran!7i" "$6I!t to a%nd%nt and r&al9
Se-'ion &&, Ar'i-,e KII, &<>= P)i,i++ine
Con$'i'('ion 9 Nei')er $)a,, $(-) ran-)i$e or rig)' be
gran'ed e3-e+' (nder ')e -ondi'ion ')a' i' $)a,, be $(b8e-'
'o a/end/en', a,'era'ion, or re+ea, by ')e Congre$$ .)en
')e -o//on good $o re4(ire$#
.nral R$l/
E3-,($i0i'y o ran-)i$e i$ no' a0ored C ')a' i$
.)y in a,, gran'$ by ')e go0ern/en' 'o +ri0a'e -or+ora'ion$
+*
C ')e in'er+re'a'ion o rig)'$ +ri0i,ege$ or ran-)i$e$ i$
'a5en again$' ')e gran'ee#
HOWE!ER C i e3-,($i0i'y i$ gi0en by ,a. C i'
$)o(,d be .i') ')e (nder$'anding ')a' ')e -o/+any
en8oying i' i$ $e, $(i-ien' and -a+ab,e o $(++,ying
')e needed $er0i-e or +rod(-' a' /odera'e or
rea$onab,e +ri-e$#
In rea,i'y a ran-)i$e i$ a -on'ra-' be'.een ')e
S'a'e and ')e gran'ee#
A$"tion/ Sin-e a ran-)i$e i$ a -on'ra-' i$ ')i$
go0erned by ')e non9i/+air/en' -,a($e o ')e
Con$'i'('ionJ
An"5r/ No, .)i,e i' i$ 'r(e ')a' a ran-)i$e i$ in
')e na'(re o a -on'ra-', .)i-) ')e +ar'ie$ 'o i'
/($' re$+e-' C i' i$ no' a -on'ra-' $(-) a$ i$
+ro'e-'ed ro/ i/+air/en' by ')e Con$'i'('ion#
N9+9
T)e )o,der o a ,egi$,a'i0e ran-)i$e )a$
+reeren-e o0er ')e )o,der o a /(ni-i+a, ran-)i$e
gran'ed /ore ')an a year ,a'er#
I ')e )o,der o a /(ni-i+a, ran-)i$e .a$
$(b$e4(en',y gran'ed .i') a ,egi$,a'i0e ran-)i$e ')e
or/er .i,, be re+ea,ed by ')e ,a''er#
A /(ni-i+a,i'y doe$ no' )a0e ')e ,ega, rig)'
'o n(,,iy a ,egi$,a'i0e ran-)i$e by arbi'rari,y re($ing
'o a++ro0e +,an$ o ')e -o/+any re-ei0ing ')e
,egi$,a'i0e ran-)i$e /ade +(r$(an' 'o a +ro0i$ion
')erein#
No'e )o.e0er ')a' ')e Co//i$$ion /ay
di$a++ro0e a /(ni-i+a, ran-)i$e and i' /ay deny an
a++,i-a'ion .i')o(' inringing ')e ,egi$,a'i0e
+reroga'i0e o ')e /(ni-i+a, -o(n-i,, be-a($e ')e
Co//i$$ion /ere,y e3er-i$e$ a +o.er gran'ed by
,a.#
PSC )a$ +o.er 'o reg(,a'e /anner o
di$-onne-'ing $er0i-e$ by MERALCO 'o de,in4(en'
-($'o/er# I' -an -o/+e, MERALCO ')a' beore i' -an
ee-' di$-onne-'ion o i' $er0i-e$ 'o a de,in4(en'
-($'o/er i' i$ re4(ired ')a' i' /($' ir$' gi0e a .ri''en
no'i-e o di$-onne-'ion 7> )o(r$ in ad0an-e#
!9) T*E COMMISSION *AS ALSO T*E 0O)ER TO ,I:
AN( (ETERMINE IN(I2I('AL AN( DOINT RATES> TOLLS>
C*AR.ES> CLASSI,ICATIONS OR SC*E('LES T*EREO,>
EILOMETRA.E> AN( OT*ER S0ECIAL RATES9 (S!tion 16
(!) (0+A = +ar 2JJJ)
T)a' beore ')e Co//i$$ion -an i3 ra'e$ ')ere /($'
ir$' be a no'i-e and )earing#
*O)E2ER> t7 Co%%i""ion in it" di"!rtion !an
0RO2ISSIONAL1 a&&ro? rat" &ro&o"d 6y
&$6li! "r?i!" )IT*O'T NOTICE AN( *EARIN.
0RO2I(E( t7at )IT*IN T*IRT1 (3J) (A1S
T*EREA,TER A *EARIN. M'ST +E *EL( '0ON
0RE2IO'S 0'+LICATION AN( NOTICE TO T*E
CONCERNS O0ERATIN. IN T*E TERRITOR1
A,,ECTE(9
E#g# ERB )a$ a(')ori'y 'o i$$(e an order
gran'ing +ro0i$iona, in-rea$e o +ri-e$ e0en .i')o('
no'i-e and )earing#
E:TENT O, T*E 0O)ER O, T*E COMMISSION
TO ,I: RATES9
&# Ra'e$ are $(b/i''ed by ')e +(b,i- -arrier$ b(' are
$(b8e-' 'o a++ro0a, by ')e PSC .)i-) i$ NOT ,i/i'ed in
')e $e,e-'ion o ')e o,d or ')e ne. ra'e$ b(' -o(,d NOT
e$'ab,i$) $(-) ra'e$ a$ are +ro+er (nder ')e e0iden-e
+re$en'ed#
*# T)e /a3i/(/ ra'e i3ed in a ran-)i$e, .)i-) i'$
)o,der i$ a(')oriEed 'o -o,,e-', i$ a,.ay$ $(b8e-' 'o a
re0i$ion and reg(,a'ion by ')e PSC#
6# T)e PSC )a$ a,$o ')e +o.er 'o order ')e re(nd o
o0er-)arge$# C T)e re4(ire/en' i$ no' in ')e na'(re o
a +ena,'y C b(' i$ /ere,y a /ea$(re by .)i-) ')e
+(b,i- $er0i-e$ -on-erned are a$5ed 'o re'(rn .)a'
')ey did no' )a0e ')e rig)' 'o -o,,e-'#
7# In ano')er -a$e, ')e Co(r' a,$o $aid ')a' .)en ')e
Co//i$$ion i$ e/+o.ered by ,a. 'o i3 ')e ra'e$ o
reig)' .)i-) 0e$$e,$ /ay -)arge, i' i$ i/+,ied ')a' ')e
0e$$e,$ /ay no' ,ega,,y de/and /ore ')an ')o$e
ra'e$#
A# T)e Co//i$$ion )a$ ')e +o.er 'o a,'er ')e
e$'ab,i$)ed ra'e$ in a -er'ii-a'e o +(b,i-
-on0enien-e, e$+e-ia,,y .)ere ')e order i3ing ')e
ra'e$ i$ in ')e na'(re o an e3+eri/en' or a +eriod o
o(r /on')$#S
B# W)ere i' a++ear$ ')a' a +ro+o$ed 8oin' a'e $y$'e/
.i') 'ran$er$ in re,a'ion 'o a +oin' o -on'ra-' be'.een
'.o 'ran$+or'a'ion ,ine$ .o(,d $er0e ')e -on0enien-e
o ')e +(b,i-, ')e PSC )a$ a(')ori'y 'o ind a +(b,i-
need and ')erea'er 'o a++ro0e $(-) 8oin' are $y$'e/#
=# B(' ')e PSC -anno' de,ega'e 'o a +(b,i- $er0i-e i'$
+o.er 'o i3 and de'er/ine ')e ra'e$#
(ETERMINATION O, D'ST AN( REASONA+LE
RATES9
T)e i3ing o ra'e$ i$ a ,egi$,a'i0e and
go0ern/en'a, +o.er o0er .)i-) ')e go0ern/en' )a$
-o/+,e'e -on'ro,# B"T i' )a$ no +o.er 'o i3 ra'e$
.)i-) are (nrea$onab,e or 'o reg(,a'e ')e/ arbi'rari,y,
and ')a' a$ 'o .)e')er a gi0en ra'e i$ air and
rea$onab,e i$ a 8(di-ia, 4(e$'ion o0er .)i-) ')e -o(r'$
)a0e -o/+,e'e -on'ro,#
N#B# T)ere i$ a ,ega, +re$(/+'ion ')a' ')e
ra'e$ are rea$onab,e and i' /($' be -on-eded ')a' ')e
i3ing o ra'e$ by ')e go0ern/en' ')ro(g) i'$
a(')oriEed agen', in0o,0e$ ')e e3er-i$e o rea$onab,e
di$-re'ion and (n,e$$ ')ere i$ an ab($e o ')a'
di$-re'ion
REA'IREMENTS ,OR A D'ST AN( REASONA+LE
RATE
&# One .)i-) yie,d$ 'o ')e -arrier a air re'(rn (+on ')e
0a,(e o ')e +ro+er'y e/+,oyed in +eror/ing ')e
$er0i-e2
*# One .)i-) i$ air 'o ')e +(b,i- or ')e $er0i-e$
rendered#
+,
E#g# o -ir-(/$'an-e$ 8($'iying in-rea$e o ra'e$
C Qe3igen-ie$ o ')e +re$en' and ')e ('(re C 0ie.ed in ')e
,ig)' o re-en' de0e,o+/en'$ and ')e e3+erien-e gained in
-onne-'ion .i') ')e o+era'ion o ano')er +(b,i- ('i,i'y
ana,ogo($,y $i'(a'ed CQ
d9) TO ,I: D'ST AN( REASONA+LE STAN(AR(S>
CLASSI,ICATIONS> RE.'LATIONS> 0RACTICES>
MEAS'REMENTS> OR SER2ICE TO +E ,'RNIS*E(>
IM0OSE(> O+SER2E(> AN( ,OLLO)E( T*EREA,TER +1
AN1 0'+LIC SER2ICE9 (SECTION 16 (())
9) TO ASCERTAIN AN(
,I: A(EA'ATE AN( SER2ICEA+LE STAN(AR(S ,OR T*E
MEAS'REMENT O, A'ANTIT1> A'ALIT1> 0RESS'RE>
INITIAL OR SER2ICE REN(ERE( +1 AN1 0'+LIC SER2ICE
AN( TO 0RESCRI+E REASONA+LE RE.'LATIONS ,OR
T*E E:AMINATION AN( TEST O, S'C* 0RO('CT OR
SER2ICE> AN( TO 0RESCRI+E REASONA+LE
RE.'LATIONS ,OR T*E E:AMINATION AN( TEST O,
S'C* 0RO('CT OR SER2ICE AN( ,OR T*E
MEAS'REMENT T*EREO,9 (SECTION 16 (E))
89) TO ESTA+LIS* REASONA+LE R'LES AN(
RE.'LATIONS> INSTR'CTIONS> S0ECI,ICATIONS> AN(
STAN(AR(S> TO SEC'RE T*E ACC'RAC1 O, ALL
METERS AN( A00LIANCES ,OR MEAS'REMENTS9
(SECTION 16 (,))
g9) TO COM0EL AN1 0'+LIC SER2ICE TO ,'RNIS*
SA,E> A(EA'ATE> AN( 0RO0ER SER2ICE AS RE.AR(S
T*E MANNER O, ,'RNIS*IN. T*E SAME AS )ELL AS
T*E MAINTENANCE O, T*E NECESSAR1 MATERIAL AN(
EA'I0MENT9 (SECTION 16 (.))
NOTES/
T)e Co//i$$ion )a$ no +o.er 'o -)ange
+ro-ed(re re,a'i0e 'o in$+e-'ion and re+air o .a'er
/e'er$#
T)e PSC i$ in d('y bo(nd 'o $ee 'o i' ')a'
+er$on$ or -o/+anie$, )o,ding -er'ii-a'e$ o +(b,i-
-on0enien-e, render .i')in a rea$onab,e 'i/e ')e
+(b,i- $er0i-e ')a' ')ey )a0e been a(')oriEed 'o
render or ')e benei' o ')e +(b,i-#
T)e PSC $)a,, $ee 'o i' ')a' ')e -o/+anie$
)o,ding Cer'ii-a'e$ o P(bi- Con0enien-e render ')eir
$er0i-e .i') in a REASONABLE TIME#
79) TO REA'IRE AN1 0'+LIC SER2ICE TO
ESTA+LIS*> CONSTR'CT> MAINTAIN AN( O0ERATE AN1
REASONA+LE E:TENSION O, ITS E:ISTIN. ,ACILITIES =
S'C* E:TENSION IS REASONA+LE AN( 0RACTICA+LE
AN( )ILL ,'RNIS* S',,ICIENT +'SINESS TO D'STI,1
T*E CONSTR'CTION O, T*E SAI( 0'+LIC SER2ICE
REASONA+LE )ARRANTS T*E ORI.INAL E:0EN(IT'RE
REA'IRE( IN MAEIN. AN( O0ERATIN. S'C*
E:TENSION9 (SECTION 16 (*))
NOTES/
+8or t7 0SC !an xr!i" t7 a6o?-
%ntiond d$ty = t7r %$"t 8ir"t 6 noti! and
7aring9
T)($, ')e PSC )a$ a/+,e +o.er$ 'o re4(ire
and a(')oriEe +(b,i- $er0i-e$ .)i-) -er'ii-a'e$ o
+(b,i- -on0enien-e 'o e3'end ')eir $er0i-e .)en ')e
ne-e$$i'y o ')e +(b,i- $o de/and$#
PSC /ay gran' e3'en$ion 'o a++,i-an'
.)o$e -er'ii-a'e i$ $(b8e-' 'o -ondi'ion o non9
e3'en$ion i ')e Co//i$$ion i$ $a'i$ied ')a' +(b,i-
$er0i-e or -on0enien-e re4(ire$ or de/and$ ')a' ')e
,ine o $(-) e3'en$ion be r(n, o+era'ed and $er0ed
and ')a' ')e a++,i-an' i$ inan-ia,,y -a+ab,e o
o+era'ing i', ')e Co//i$$ion )a$ ')e +o.er 'o gran' a
-er'ii-a'e o +(b,i- -on0enien-e 'o ')e a++,i-an' or
')e o+era'ion o $(-) e3'en$ion ,ine#
T)e PSC )a$ a,$o ')e +o.er 'o -o/+e, a
+(b,i- $er0i-e a('o9b($ o+era'or 'o -)ange i'$ ro('e in
0ie. o ')e a-' ')a' .)a'e0er rig)'$ ')e o+era'or )a$
'o ')e ('i,iEa'ion o ')e $'ree'$ o a ,o-a,i'y i$ on,y by
0ir'(e o ')e Cer'ii-a'e gran'ed by ')e Co//i$$ion#
PSC -an +er/i' a++,i-an' 'o o+era'e $)or'er
ro('e ')an ')a' a++,ied by )i/ .)en ')e
-ir-(/$'an-e$ $o de/and and i' i$ NOT or ')e
o++o$i'or 'o in$i$' ')a' )e Co//i$$ion $)o(,d )a0e
-on-eded ')e a++,i-an' a ,onger ro('e#

i9) TO (IRECT AN1 RAILROA(> STREET RAIL)A1 OR
TRACTION COM0AN1 TO ESTA+LIS* AN( MAINTAIN AT
AN1 D'NCTION OR 0OINT O, CONNECTION OR
INTERSECTION )IT* AN1 OT*ER LINE O, SAI( ROA( OR
TRACE> OR )IT* AN1 OT*ER LINE O, AN1 OT*ER
RAILROA(> STREET> RAIL)A1 OR TRACTION TO
0ROMOTE T*E CON2ENIENCE O, S*I00ERS O,
0RO0ERT1> OR 0ASSAN.ERS9 SECTION 16 (I)
I9) TO A'T*ORIFE> IN ITS (ISCRETION> AN1 RAILROA(>
STREET RAIL)A1 OR TRACTION COM0AN1 TO LA1 ITS
TRACES ACROSS T*E TRACES O, AN1 RAILROA(>
STREET RAIL)A1 OR TRACTION COM0AN1 OR ACROSS
AN1 0'+LIC *I.*)A19 SECTION 16 (D)
49) TO (IRECT AN1 RAILROA( OR STREET RAIL)A1
COM0AN1 TO INSTALL S'C* SA,ET1 (E2ICES OR
A+O'T S'C* OT*ER REASONA+LE MEAS'RES AS MA1
IN T*E D'(.MENT O, T*E COMMISSION +E NECESSAR1
,OR T*E 0ROTECTION O, T*E 0'+LIC AT 0ASSIN.
.RA(E CROSSIN. O,
?&@ +(b,i- )ig).ay$ and rai,road$2
?*@ +(b,i- )ig).ay$ and $'ree' rai,.ay2 or
?6@ rai,.ay and $'ree' rai,.ay$#
l9) TO ,I: AN( (ETERMINE 0RO0ER AN( A(EA'ATE
RATES O, (E0RECIATION O, T*E 0RO0ERT1 O, AN1
0'+LIC SER2ICE )*IC* )ILL +E O+SER2E( IN A
0RO0ER AN( A(EA'ATE (E0RECIATION ACCO'NT TO
+E CARRIE( ,OR T*E 0ROTECTION O, STOCE*OL(ERS>
+ON(*OL(ERS OR CRE(ITORS9
THE INCOME FROM IN!ESTMENTS OF MONEY IN
S"CH F"ND SHALL LI1EWISE BE CARRIED IN S"CH F"ND#
THIS F"ND SHALL NOT BE EKPENDED OTHERWISE THAN
FOR DEPRECIATION, IMPRO!EMENTS, NEW
+-
CONSTR"CTION, EKTENSIONS OR CONDITIONS TO THE
PROPERTY OF S"CH P"BLIC SER!ICE# SECTION &B ?L@
NOTES/
T)e ra'e ba$e i$ PRESENT !AL"E, and i'
.o(,d be .)o,,y i,,ogi-a, 'o ado+' a dieren' r(,e or
de+re-ia'ion#
I ')e ra'e ba$e i$ +re$en' air 0a,(e, ')en
')e de+re-ia'ion ba$e a$ 'o de+re-iab,e +ro+er'y i$ ')e
$a/e ')ing#
%9) TO AMEN(> MO(I,1 OR RE2OEE AT AN1 TIME
CERTI,ICATE ISS'E( )*ENE2ER T*E ,ACTS AN(
CIRC'MSTANCES ON T*E STREN.T* O, )*IC* SAI(
CERTI,ICATE )AS ISS'E( *A2E +EEN
MISRE0RESENTE( OR MATERIALL1 C*AN.E(9 SECTION
16 (M)
n9) TO S'S0EN( OR RE2OEE AN1 CERTI,ICATE
ISS'E( )*ENE2ER T*E *OL(ER T*EREO, *AS
2IOLATE( OR )ILL,'LL1 AN( CONT'MACIO'SL1
RE,'SE( TO COM0L1 )IT* AN1 OR(ER> R'LE OR
RE.'LATION O, T*E COMMISSION9 SECTION 16 (N)
0RO2I(E( T*AT T*E COMMISSION ,OR .OO(
CA'SE MA1 0RIOR TO T*E *EARIN. S'S0EN( ,OR A
0ERIO( NOT TO E:CEE( T*IRT1 (3J) (A1S AN1
CERTI,ICATE OR T*E E:ERCISE O, AN1 RI.*T OR
A'T*ORIT1 ISS'E( OR .RANTE( +1 IT9
o9) TO ,I:> (ETERMINE> AN( RE.'LATE> AS T*E
CON2ENIENCE O, T*E STATE MA1 REA'IRE> A S0ECIAL
T10E O, A'TO-+'SSES> TR'CES> AN( MOTOR TR'CES
TO +E *EREA,TER CONSTR'CTE(> 0'RC*ASE(> AN(
O0ERATE( +1 O0ERATORS A,TER T*E A00RO2AL O,
T*IS ACTK
TO ,I: AN( T*E (ETERMINE T*E S0ECIAL
RE.ISTRATION ,EE ,OR A'TO-+'SSES> TR'CES> AN(
MOTOR TR'CES SO CONSTR'CTE( AN( O0ERATE(9
0RO2I(E(/ T*AT SAI( ,EES S*ALL +E
SMALLER T*AN T*OSE C*AR.E( ,OR A'TO-+'SSES>
TR'CES> AN( MOTOR TR'CES O, T10ES NOT MA(E
RE.'LATION 'N(ER T*IS S'+SECTION9 SECTION 16 (O)
LIMITATIONS ON T*E 0O)ER TO AMEN(
a# T)a' beore a /odii-a'ion, a/end/en', or re0o-a'ion $)a,,
be a,,o.ed, i' /($' be $)o.n ')a' ')e -ondi'ion$ ro/ .)i-)
')e -er'ii-a'e .a$ gran'ed no ,onger e3i$' or )a0e a,'ered,
or ')a' ')e -er'ii-a'e )o,der )a$ 0io,a'ed or de,ibera'e,y
re($ed 'o -o/+,y .i') ')e order$, r(,e$ and reg(,a'ion$ o
')e Co//i$$ion#
b# T)ere /($' be no'i-e and )earing beore ')e re0o-a'ion
-an be ee-'ed#
9 Wi')o(' no'i-e and )earingJ T)e Order -an-e,ing ')e
Cer'ii-a'e i$ 0oid#
E#g# A $ing,e )o,d9(+ in-iden' i$ no' a gro(nd or re0o5ing a
-er'ii-a'e o +(b,i- -on0enien-e#
N#B#
T)e gran' o a(')ori'y regarding (nran-)i$ed
o+era'ion re4(ire$ no'i-e and )earing#
In"tan!" 57n NO NOTICE AN( *EARIN. ar n!""ary9
&# W)ere ')e order i$ a /ere order o in0e$'iga'ion
+re+ara'ory 'o ')e ina, )earing and de-i$ion o ')e
a++,i-a'ion#
*# W)ere ')e /odii-a'ion o ')e -er'ii-a'e i$ on,y in or/ and
no' in $(b$'an-e, $(-) a$, an order gran'ing an a++,i-a'ion
or $(b$'i'('ion#
6# W)ere ')e order i$ /ere,y 'o gi0e addi'iona, 'i/e 'o regi$'er
0e)i-,e$#
7# An order or good -a($e $($+ending or a +eriod no' 'o
e3-eed ')ir'y day$ any -er'ii-a'e or ')e e3er-i$e or
a(')ori'y 'o i$$(ed or gran'ed#
A# W)ere ')e a(')oriEed ,ine o ')e o++o$i'or are dieren'
ro/ ')o$e or ')e a++,i-an', ')e or/er -anno' be
-on$idered 'o )a0e $(b$'an'ia, in'ere$' in ')e a++,i-a'ion $o
a$ 'o re4(ire )i$ +er$ona, no'ii-a'ion o ')e )earing#
NOTE/ T)a' la!4 o8 noti! i" d%d !$rd 57r
t7 &titionr" 5r a6l to ti%ly o&&o"
&tition"9 T)ey are dee/ed 'o )a0e been gi0en d(e
+ro-e$$ o ,a. .)i-) $i/+,y /ean$ ')e o++or'(ni'y 'o
be )eard#
W)ere ')e Co//i$$ion en'ered i'$ order
.i')o(' no'i-e and )earing, ')e dee-', i any, i$ -(red
by a )earing on ')e +e'i'ionerF$ /o'ion 'o re-on$ider
')e order# Ho.e0er, ')e dee-' i$ .ai0ed .)ere ')e
a++,i-an' +e'i'ion$ or ano')er e3'en$ion o $i3'y ?BD@
day$ in .)i-) 'o in$'a,, i'$ ran-)i$e#
PSC )a$ ')e +o.er 'o re9o+en -a$e, (nder
i'$ +o.er 'o re0o5e and /odiy#
.RO'N(S ,OR S'S0ENSION OR RE2OCATION O,
CERTI,ICATE
T)e rig)' 'o o+era'e a +(b,i- ('i,i'y i$ a +ri0i,ege
gran'ed by ')e $'a'e# T)($ i' -an be re0o5ed .)en ')e
)o,der%
&# !io,a'e$ -on'(/a-io($,y re($e$ 'o -o/+,y .i') any r(,e,
order or reg(,a'ion o ')e -o//i$$ion
*# I$ a /ere d(//y
6# Cea$e$ o+era'ion by +,a-ing )i$ b($ in $'orage
7# Abandon$ ')e $er0i-e
NO RE2I2AL O, T*E C0C ('E TO T*E ,ORE.OIN.9
T)e rig)' 'o a -er'ii-a'e o +(b,i- -on0enien-e
.)i-) )a$ been orei'ed by ')e )o,derF$ 0o,(n'ary and
(na(')oriEed abandon/en' o )i$ $er0i-e and ai,(re 'o
regi$'er )i$ e4(i+/en' $)o(,d no' be re0i0ed $i/+,y
6!a$" t7 go?rn%nt 5o$ld not 6 a6l to !oll!t
7i" tax lia6iliti"#
T)e /ere ai,(re o ')e Go0ern/en' 'o -o,,e-' ')e 'a3
,iabi,i'ie$ o a )o,der o a -er'ii-a'e o +(b,i- -on0enien-e i$
no' a $(i-ien' gro(nd or re0o5ing ')e Co//i$$ionF$
de-i$ion 'o -an-e, )i$ -er'ii-a'e .)ere ')e rea$on$
')ereore are ')a' ')e )o,der )a$ -o/+,e'e,y and 0o,(n'ari,y
abandoned, .i')o(' a(')ori'y, ')e $er0i-e$ re4(ired by )i$
-er'ii-a'e#
+.
S'o++age o o+era'ion$ $(i-ien' gro(nd or
-an-e,,a'ion o -er'ii-a'e# B(' ')e /ere ai,(re in good
8ait7 'o o+era'e 'e/+orari,y i$ NOT a gro(nd or
-an-e,,a'ion o ')e CPC#
(9 0ROCEE(IN.S O, COMMISSION )IT*O'T
0RE2IO'S *EARIN.9
T)e Co//i$$ion $)a,, )a0e +o.er, 5it7o$t
&r?io$" 7aring> "$6I!t to "ta6li"7d
li%itation" and x!&tion" and "a?ing &ro?i"ion"
to t7 !ontrary/
a# To in0e$'iga'e, (+on i'$ o.n ini'ia'i0e, or (+on -o/+,ain' in
.ri'ing, any /a''er, -on-erning any +(b,i- $er0i-e a$
regard$ /a''er$ (nder i'$ 8(ri$di-'ion2
b# To re4(ire any +(b,i- $er0i-e 'o +ay ')e a-'(a, e3+en$e$
in-(rred by ')e Co//i$$ion in any in0e$'iga'ion i i' $)a,,
be o(nd in ')e $a/e ')a' any ra'e, 'o,,, -)arge, $-)ed(,e,
reg(,a'ion, +ra-'i-e, a-' or $er0i-e ')ereo i$ in 0io,a'ion o
any +ro0i$ion o ')i$ a-' or $er0i-e ')ereo, i$ in 0io,a'ion o
any +ro0i$ion o ')i$ A-' or o any -er'ii-a'e, order, r(,e,
reg(,a'ion or re4(ire/en' i$$(ed or e$'ab,i$)ed by ')e
Co//i$$ion2
-# Fro/ 'i/e 'o 'i/e a++ri$e and 0a,(e ')e +ro+er'y o any
+(b,i- $er0i-e, .)ene0er in ')e 8(dg/en' o ')e
Co//i$$ion i' $)a,, be ne-e$$ary $o 'o do, or ')e +(r+o$e
o -arrying o(' any o ')e +ro0i$ion$ o ')i$ A-', and in
/a5ing $(-) 0a,(a'ion ')e Co//i$$ion /ay )a0e a--e$$
'o and ($e any boo5$, do-(/en'$, or re-ord$ in ')e
+o$$e$$ion o any de+ar'/en', b(rea(, oi-e, or board o
')e go0ern/en' o ')e P)i,i++ine$ or any +o,i'i-a,
$(bdi0i$ion ')ereo2
d# To +ro0ide, on /o'ion by or a' ')e re4(e$' o any -on$(/er
or ($er o a +(b,i- $er0i-e, or ')e e3a/ina'ion and 'e$' o
any a++,ian-e ($ed or /ea$(ring o any +rod(-' or $er0i-e
o a +(b,i- $er0i-e2
e# To +er/i' any $'ree' rai,.ay or 'ra-'ion -o/+any 'o -)ange
i'$ e3i$'ing ga(ge 'o $'andard $'ea/ rai,road ga(ge, (+on
$(-) 'er/$ and -ondi'ion$ a$ ')e Co//i$$ion $)a,,
+re$-ribe#
# To gran' 'o any +(b,i- $er0i-e $+e-ia, +er/i'$ 'o /a5e e3'ra
or $+e-ia, 'ri+$ .i')in ')e 'erri'ory -o0ered by i'$ -er'ii-a'e
o +(b,i- -on0enien-e, and /a5e $+e-ia, e3-(r$ion 'ri+$
o('$ide o i'$ o.n 'erri'ory i ')e +(b,i- in'ere$' or $+e-ia,
-ir-(/$'an-e$ re4(ired i'% Pro0ided, )o.e0er, ')a' in -a$e
a +(b,i- $er0i-e -anno' render $(-) e3'ra $er0i-e on i'$
o.n ,ine or in i'$ o.n 'erri'ory, a $+e-ia, +er/i' or $(-)
e3'ra $er0i-e /ay be gran'ed 'o any o')er +(b,i- $er0i-e2
g# To re4(ire any +(b,i- $er0i-e 'o 5ee+ i'$ boo5$, re-ord$,
and a--o(n'$ $o a$ 'o aord an in'e,,igen' (nder$'anding o
')e -ond(-' o i'$ b($ine$$ and 'o ')a' end 'o re4(ire e0ery
+(b,i- $er0i-e o ')e $a/e -,a$$ 'o ado+' a (nior/ $y$'e/
o a--o(n'ing2
)# To re4(ire any +(bi- $er0i-e 'o (rni$) ann(a, re+or'$ o
inan-e$ and o+era'ion$#
i# To re4(ire e0ery +(b,i- $er0i-e 'o i,e .i') ')e Co//i$$ion
a $'a'e/en' in .ri'ing, 0eriied by ')e oa')$ o ')e o.ner o
')e +re$iden' and ')e $e-re'ary ')ereo, i a -or+ora'ion,
$e''ing or') ')e na/e, 'i',e o oi-e or +o$i'ion, and +o$'
oi-e addre$$ and ')e a(')ori'y, +o.er and d('ie$ o e0ery
oi-er, /e/ber o ')e board o dire-'or$, 'r($'ee$ e3e-('i0e
-o//i''ee, $(+erin'enden', -)ie or )ead o -on$'r(-'ion
and o+era'ion ')ereo2
8# To re4(ire any +(b,i- $er0i-e 'o -o/+,y .i') ')e ,a.$ o ')e
P)i,i++ine$ and .i') any +ro0in-ia, re$o,('ion or /(ni-i+a,
ordinan-e re,a'ing ')ere'o and 'o -onor/ 'o ')e d('ie$
i/+o$ed (+on i' ')ereby or by ')e +ro0i$ion$ o i'$ o.n
-)ara-'er, .)e')er ob'ained (nder any genera, or $+e-ia,
,a. o ')e P)i,i++ine$2
5# To in0e$'iga'e any or a,, a--iden'$ ')a' /ay o--(r on ')e
+ro+er'y o any +(b,i- $er0i-e or dire-',y or indire-',y ari$ing
ro/ or -onne-'ed .i') i'$ /ain'enan-e or o+era'ion in ')e
P)i,i++ine$2 'o re4(ire any +(b,i- $er0i-e 'o gi0e ')e
Co//i$$ion i//edia'e and ee-'i0e no'i-e o a,, or any
$(-) a--iden'$, and 'o /a5e $(-) order or
re-o//enda'ion .i') re$+e-' ')ere'o a$ ')e +(b,i- in'ere$'
/ay .arran' or re4(ire2
,# To re4(ire e0ery +(b,i- $er0i-e a$ )erein deined 'o i,e .i')
i' -o/+,e'e $-)ed(,e$ o e0ery -,a$$ii-a'ion e/+,oyed and
o e0ery indi0id(a, or 8oin' ra'e, 'o,, are or -)arge /ade,
-)arged or e3a-'ed by i' or any +rod(-' $(++,ied or
rendered .i')in ')e P)i,i++ine$ and, in ')e -a$e o +(b,i-
-arrier$, 'o i,e .i') i' a $'a'e/en' $)o.ing ')e i'inerarie$ or
ro('e$ $er0ed a$ $+e-iied in $(-) re4(ire/en'#
NOTES/
T)e Co//i$$ion no' on,y )a$ ')e gnral
"$&r?i"ion o?r all &$6li! $tiliti" and t7 &o5r
to in?"tigat, (+on i'$ o.n ini'ia'i0e or a -o/+,ain' in
.ri'ing, any 8($' -a($e$ or grie0an-e$ again$' any o
')e/, 'o /a5e and enor-e rea$onab,e r(,e$ and
reg(,a'ion$, and grant rli8 in all &ro&r !a"" and
t7at it not only 7a" t7 &o5r to %a4 and n8or!
all ra"ona6l r$l" and rg$lation" 8or t7
o&ration o8 any &$6li! $tility> in!l$ding 5atr
!ra8t"> ?""l" and "ta%"7i&"9
T)e Co//i$$ion -an a++oin' /e/ber$ o
')e PNP $'a'ioned in ')e +ro0in-e$, a$ oi-ia,$ in
-)arge .i') enor-ing i'$ reg(,a'ion$#
T)e Co//i$$ion )a$ a,$o ')e e3+re$$
+o.er 'o -)arge ')e e3+en$e o an in0e$'iga'ion
again$' ')e o+era'or$ o(nd g(i,'y o 0io,a'ion o ')e
-ondi'ion$ o )i$ -er'ii-a'e or o a ,a. or ordinan-e, a$
i' )a$ +o.er, or ')e $a/e -a($e, 'o $($+end or
re0o5e a -er'ii-a'e o +(b,i- -on0enien-e#
0O)ER TO .RANT COMMISSION TO .RANT 0ERMITS
)IT*O'T *EARIN.9
.nral R$l/
T)e Co//i$$ion )a$ no +o.er 'o gran'
$+e-ia, +er/i'$ 'o o+era'e a +(b,i- $er0i-e .i')o('
NOTICE AND HEARING#
Ex!&tion"/
a# Per/i' 'o /a5e e3'ra or $+e-ia, 'ri+$ .i')in ')e
'erri'ory -o0ered by ')e -er'ii-a'e o +(b,i-
-on0enien-e2 and
b# S+e-ia, e3-(r$ion 'ri+$ o('$ide o ')e 'erri'ory o
')e +(b,i- $er0i-e i +(b,i- in'ere$' or $+e-ia,
-ir-(/$'an-e$ re4(ire i'#
-# I' i$ a Q.e,, $e'',ed do-'rine ')a' or a +ro0i$iona,
+er/i' an e3 +ar'e )earing $(i-e$# T)e de-i$i0e
-on$idera'ion i$ ')e e3i$'en-e o a +(b,i- need#R
OPERATIO!S OF PUBLIC SERVICE
RE.'LATIONS AN( 0RO*I+ITIONS
+/
SECTION &>#
I' $)a,, be (n,a.(, C 'o engage in any +(b,i- $er0i-e b($ine$$
.i')o(' )a0ing ir$' $e-(red ro/ ')e -o//i$$ion a -er'ii-a'e o
+(b,i- -on0enien-e or -er'ii-a'e o +(b,i- -on0enien-e and
ne-e$$i'y a$ +ro0ided or in ')i$ a-', e3-e+' gran'ee$ o
,egi$,a'i0e ran-)i$e$ e3+re$$,y e3e/+'ing $(-) gran'ee$ ro/
')e re4(ire/en' o $e-(ring a -er'ii-a'e ro/ ')i$ -o//i$$ion
a$ .e,, a$ -on-ern$ a' +re$en' e3i$'ing e3+re$$,y e3e/+'ed
ro/ ')e 8(ri$di-'ion o ')e -o//i$$ion, ei')er 'o'a,,y or in +ar',
by ')e +ro0i$ion$ o $e-'ion &6 o ')i$ a-'#
SECTION 1<9
It "7all 6 $nla58$l 8or any &$6li! "r?i!/
a9 To &ro?id or %aintain any "r?i! t7at i" $n"a8>
i%&ro&r or inad#$at> or 5it77old or r8$" any
"r?i! 57i!7 !an 6 ra"ona6ly d%andd and
8$rni"7dK
69 To %a4 or gi? dir!tly or indir!tly> 6y it"l8 or
t7ro$g7 it" agnt"> attorny" or 6ro4r"> or any o8
t7%> di"!o$nt" or r6at" on a$t7oriGd rat" or
grant !rdit 8or t7 &ay%nt o8 8rig7t !7arg"K
!9 To r8$" or ngl!t> 57n r#$"td 6y t7
dir!tor o8 &o"t" or 7i" a$t7oriGd r&r"ntati?>
to !arry &$6li! %ail in t7 rg$lar tri&" o8 any
&$6li! land tran"&ortation "r?i! %aintaind or
o&ratd 6y any "$!7 &$6li! "r?i!> $&on "$!7
tr%" and !ondition" and 8or a !on"idration in
"$!7 a%o$nt a" %ay 6 agrd $&on 6t5n t7
dir!tor o8 &o"t" and t7 !arrir9
NOTES/
T)e ,a. doe$ no' re4(ire ')a' ')e $a/e
-)arge be /ade or -arrying +a$$enger$ or +ro+er'y,
(n,e$$ a,, ')e -ondi'ion$ are a,i5e and
-on'e/+oraneo($# I' doe$ no' +ro)ibi' ')e -)arging o
a dieren' ra'e or -arrying +a$$enger$ or +ro+er'y
.)en ')e a-'(a, -o$' o )and,ing and 'ran$+or'ing ')e
$a/e i$ dieren'# I# $& '(en #(e "r%)e *(ar+e, $&
-%r #(e "ur"%&e %- -a)%r$n+ "er&%n& %r l%*al$#$e& %r
"ar#$*ular .$n,& %- !er*(an,$&e #(a# #(e la'
$n#er)ene& an, "r%($/$#&. I' i$ a0ori'i$/ and
di$-ri/ina'ion .)i-) ')e ,a. +ro)ibi'$#
SECTION 2J9
T)e o,,o.ing are ')e a-'$ .)i-) re4(ire$ a++ro0a, o ')e
-o//i$$ion%
a# To ado+', e$'ab,i$), i3, i/+o$e, /ain'ain, -o,,e-' or -arry
in'o ee-' any indi0id(a, or 8oin' ra'e$, -o//(ni-a'ion,
/i,eage or o')er $+e-ia, ra'e, 'o,,, are, -)arge,
-,a$$ii-a'ion or i'inerary#
b# To e$'ab,i$), -on$'r(-', /ain'ain, or o+era'e ne. (ni'$ or
e3'end e3i$'ing a-i,i'ie$ or /a5e any o')er addi'ion 'o or
genera, e3'en$ion o ')e $er0i-e2
-# To abandon any rai,road $'a'ion or $'o+ ')e $a,e o
+a$$enger 'i-5e'$, or -ea$e 'o /ain'ain an agen' 'o re-ei0e
and di$-)arge reig)' a' any $'a'ion no. or )erea'er
e$'ab,i$)ed a' .)i-) +a$$enger 'i-5e'$ are no. or /ay
)erea'er be reg(,ar,y $o,d, or a' .)i-) $(-) agen' i$ no.
or /ay )erea'er be /ain'ained, or /a5e any +er/anen'
-)ange in i'$ 'i/e 'ab,e$ or i'inerarie$ on any rai,road or in
i'$ $er0i-e2
d# To ,ay any rai,road or $'ree' rai,.ay a-ro$$ any )ig).ay2
e# Herea'er 'o i$$(e any $'o-5 or $'o-5 -er'ii-a'e$
re+re$en'ing an in-rea$e o -a+i'a,2 or i$$(e any $)are o
$'o-5 .i')o(' +ar 0a,(e2 or i$$(e bond$ or o')er e0iden-e o
indeb'edne$$ +ayab,e in /ore ')an one year ro/ ')e
i$$(an-e ')ereo2
# To -a+i'a,iEe ran-)i$e in e3-e$$ o ')e a/o(n', in-,($i0e o
any 'a3 or ann(a, -)arge a-'(a,,y +aid 'o ')e go0ern/en' o
')e P)i,i++ine$ or any o')er +o,i'i-a, $(bdi0i$ion ')ereo a$
')e -on$idera'ion o ')e $aid ran-)i$e2
g# To $e,, a,iena'e, /or'gage, en-(/ber or ,ea$e i'$ +ro+er'y,
ran-)i$e$, -er'ii-a'e$ +ri0i,ege$ or rig)'$, or any +ar'
')ereo, .i') ')o$e o any +(b,i- $er0i-e#
)7n %ay t7 &$6li! Sr?i! Co%%i""ion or
Rg$latory +oard a&&ro? "al or %ortgag o8
&$6li! "r?i! &ro&rtyB
T)e a++ro0a, /ay be gi0en beore or a'er ')e
-on$(//a'ion o ')e $a,e or /or'gage# I ')e a++ro0a,
'a5e$ +,a-e a'er ')e 'ran$er, ')e ee-' ')ereo i$ or
/ay be re'roa-'i0e# ?Na/boanga Tran$ Co 0 Ba-)ra-)
Mo'or Co, A* P)i, *77@
Critrion 8or a&&ro?al o8 a "al or n!$%6ran! o8
a !rti8i!at o8 &$6li! !on?nin!
"nder Se-# *D?g@, ')e Co//i$$ion ?no. reg(,a'ory
board$, -o//i$$ion$ and -o(n-i,$@ )a$ ')e +o.er and
a(')ori'y 'o a++ro0e a $a,e or 'ran$er o a CPC i%
&# T)ere are 8($' and rea$onab,e
gro(nd$ or /a5ing ')e 'ran$er
*# T)e $a,e or 'ran$er i$ no'
de'ri/en'a, 'o ')e +(b,i- in'ere$'#
T)i$ +ro0i$ion, i' i$ be,ie0ed i$ a++,i-ab,e 'o a,,
reg(,a'ory board$, -o//i$$ion$ and -o(n-i,$, a$ a
re$(,' o ')e 'ran$er o +o.er$ and (n-'ion$# T)e
8(ri$di-'ion and $(+er0i$ion and -on'ro, o0er a,, +(b,i-
$er0i-e$ origina,,y 0e$'ed in ')e P(b,i- Ser0i-e
Co//i$$ion )a0e been di$'rib('ed a/ong ')e 0ario($
reg(,a'ory board$, -o//i$$ion$ and -o(n-i,$#
T7 88!t o8 a "al o8 &$6li! "r?i! &ro&rty
5it7o$t t7 a&&ro?al o8 t7 &rtinnt &$6li!
"r?i! rg$latory 6ody
S$!7 tran"8r i" not 6inding again"t "aid
!o%%i""ion and again"t t7ird &r"on"> and t7
original grant !ontin$" to 6 r"&on"i6l $&on
t7 8ran!7i"9 S$!7 a&&ro?al i" not 7o5?r a
!ondition &r!dnt to t7 ?alidity o8 t7 !ontra!t9
T7 a&&ro?al i" only n!""ary to &rot!t &$6li!
intr"t9 And a" 6t5n t7 &arti"> t7 !ontra!t
i" ?alid and 6inding ?n 5it7o$t "$!7 a&&ro?al9
((arang ? +liGar> Dan$ary 31> 1<67)
T7 tran"8ror !ontin$" to 6 rgardd a"
o&rator = 57r t7 tran"8r i" 5it7o$t 0SC@"
a&&ro?al9
In a tran"8r NOT A00RO2E( 6y t7 0SC> 8or
da%ag !a$"d a &a""ngr t7 RE.ISTERE(
O)NER i" (IRECTL1 LIA+LE to t7 &a""ngr>
+'T t7 TRNS,EREE i" lia6l to t7
TRANS,EROR
+0
)# To $e,, or regi$'er in i'$ boo5$ ')e 'ran$er or $a,e o
$)are$ o i'$ -a+i'a, $'o-5, i ')e re$(,' o ')a' $a,e in i'$e, or
in -onne-'ion .i') ano')er +re0io($ $a,e, $)a,, be 'o 0e$' in
')e 'ran$eree /ore ')an or'y +er-en'(/ o ')e $(b$-ribed
-a+i'a, o $aid +(b,i- $er0i-e#
i# To $e,,, a,iena'e or in any /anner 'ran$er $)are$ o i'$
-a+i'a, $'o-5 'o any a,ien i ')e re$(,' o ')a' $a,e, a,iena'ion,
or 'ran$er in i'$e, in i'$e, or in -onne-'ion .i') ano')er
+re0io($ $a,e $)a,, be ')e red(-'ion 'o ,e$$ ')a' BDP o ')e
-a+i'a, $'o-5 be,onging 'o P)i,i++ine -i'iEen$#
8# To i$$(e, gi0e or 'ender dire-',y or indire-',y, any ree
'i-5e', ree +a$$ or ree or red(-ed ra'e o 'ran$+or'a'ion or
+a$$enger$, e3-e+' 'o ')e o,,o.ing +er$on$%
?&@ oi-er$, agen'$ e/+,oyee$, a''orney$,
+)y$i-ian$ and $(rgeon$ o $aid +(b,i-
$er0i-e, and /e/ber$ o ')eir a/i,ie$2
?*@ in/a'e$ o )o$+i'a,$ or -)ari'y
in$'i'('ion$ and +er$on$ engaged in
-)ari'ab,e .or52
?6@ indigen', de$'i'('e and )o/e,e$$
+er$on$ .)en 'ran$+or'ed by -)ari'ab,e
$o-ie'ie$ or )o$+i'a,$, and ')e
ne-e$$ary agen'$ e/+,oyed in $(-)
'ran$+or'a'ion2
?7@ ')e ne-e$$ary -are'a5er$, going and
re'(rning, o ,i0e$'o-5, +o(,'ry, r(i' and
o')er reig)' (nder (nior/ and non9
di$-ri/ina'ory reg(,a'ion2
?A@ e/+,oyee$ o $,ee+ing -ar -or+ora'ion$
and 'e,egra+) and 'e,e+)one
-or+ora'ion$, rai,.ay and /arine /ai,
$er0i-e e/+,oyee$ .)en 'ra0e,ing in
')eir oi-ia, d('y2
?B@ +o$' oi-e in$+e-'or$, -($'o/ oi-er$
and in$+e-'or$, and i//igra'ion
in$+e-'or$ .)en engaged in in$+e-'ion2
?=@ .i'ne$$e$ a''ending any ,ega,
in0e$'iga'ion in .)i-) +(b,i- $er0i-e i$
an in'ere$'ed +ar'y2
?>@ +er$on$ in8(red in a--iden'$ or .re-5$,
and +)y$i-ian$ and n(r$e$ a''ending
$(-) +er$on$2
?<@ +ea-e oi-er$ and /en o reg(,ar,y
-on$'i'('ed ire de+ar'/en'$#
NOTES%
R(,e$ re,a'i0e 'o ')e e3'en' o ')e +o.er o
')e PSC .i') regard 'o a++ro0a, o ')e $a,e, a,iena'ion, or
/or'gage o +(b,i- $er0i-e +ro+er'y%
&# T)e a++ro0a, by ')e Co//i$$ion i$ di$-re'ionary#
*# T)e a++ro0a, by ')e Co//i$$ion /ay be gi0en beore
or a'er ')e -on$(//a'ion o ')e a,iena'ion in
4(e$'ion# I ')e a++ro0a, 'a5e$ +,a-e a'er ')e 'ran$er,
')e ee-' ')ereo i$ or /ay be re'roa-'i0e#
6# T)e PSC )a$ a,$o 8(ri$di-'ion 'o a++ro0e ')e $a,e o
Cer'ii-a'e o P(b,i- Con0enien-e (nder re-ei0er$)i+
a$ .e,, a$ ')e a$$igned /ade by ')e +(r-)a$er o )i$
rig)'$ 'o $(-) -er'ii-a'e$ 'o a(')oriEe an a++e,,ee 'o
o+era'e ')e 'ran$+or'a'ion ,ine$ -o0ered ')ereby#
7# Cer'ii-a'e$ o P(b,i- Con0enien-e are in-,(ded in ')e
'er/ +ro+er'y9 ')($9 i' i$ ,iab,e 'o e3e-('ion#
A# In -a$e o $a,e o CPC ')e a++ro0a, o ')e PSC i$
NOT a /ere or/a,i'y ')a' -o(,d be di$+en$ed .i') or
'a5en or gran'ed#
Sin-e a ran-)i$e i$ +er$ona, in na'(re, any
'ran$er or ,ea$e ')ereo $)o(,d be no'iied
'o ')e PSC $o ')a' ')e ,a''er /ay 'a5e
+ro+er $aeg(ard$ 'o +ro'e-' ')e in'ere$' o
')e +(b,i-#
PSC no' ')e -o(r'$, +ro+er +,a-e 'o ob'ain
-on0eyan-e o -er'ii-a'e and ')re$) o('
rig)'$ o +ar'ie$ in $a,e ')ereo#
Penden-y in -o(r' + 0a,idi'y o 'ran$er o
ran-)i$e doe$ no' de+ri0e PSC o +o.er 'o
a++ro0e 'ran$er ')ereo#
PSC )a$ +o.er 'o a++ro0e or di$a++ro0e
$a,e e0en o Cer'ii-a'e$ (nder 8(di-ia,
a''a-)/en'#
PSC )a$ +o.er 'o a++ro0e or di$a++ro0e
$a,e e0en o -er'ii-a'e $(b8e-' o +ending
-an-e,,a'ion +ro-eeding$ in PSC#
Co(r' r(,ing$ a$ 'o ')e +ro-ed(re or ob'aining
a++ro0a,#
&# "nder +ar g o Se-'ion *D, ')e a++ro0a, re4(ired
$)a,, be gi0en a'er no'i-e 'o ')e +(b,i- and a'er
)earing ')e +er$on$ in'ere$'ed a' a +(b,i-
)earing2
*# A$ 'o no'i-e, i' )a$ been )e,d ')a' no'i-e o $a,e
by +(b,i-a'ion i$ $(i-ien'#
6# A$ 'o +er$on$ .)o /ay o++o$e ')e a++ro0a,, i'
)a$ been )e,d ')a' a +ar'y no' ae-'ed by ')e
$a,e -anno' ,ega,,y o++o$e i'#
7# T)e re4(ire/en' regarding +(b,i-a'ion o ')e $a,e
o ')e -er'ii-a'e o +(b,i- -on0enien-e on,y reer$
'o an a++,i-a'ion or ')e ina, a++ro0a, o a deed
o $a,e and 'o an e3 +ar'e +e'i'ion or +ro0i$iona,
a++ro0a,, and ')e /e/orand(/ order o ')e
Co//i$$ion on,y reer$ 'o ')e a,e o 'e/+orary
-er'ii-a'e$ o A 'o &D year$ ,ie and no' 'o ')o$e
i$$(ed or a nor/a, ,ie o *A year$2
A# Moreo0er, ')e re4(ire/en' regarding +(b,i-a'ion
-on'ained in ')e /e/orand(/ order i$ /ere,y
dire-'ory .)i-) -an be .ai0ed by ')e
Co//i$$ion i i' ind$ good rea$on$ or doing a$
'o +ro/o'e +(b,i- in'ere$'#
0ENALTIES ,OR 2IOLATIONS
S!tion 219
T)e Co//i$$ion )a$ ')e +o.er 'o i/+o$e FINES no'
e3-eeding P*DD#DD +er day or e0ery day d(ring .)i-) $(-)
dea(,' or 0io,a'ion -on'in(e$ C .)i-) ine -an be i/+o$e on,y
AFTER D"E NOTICE AND HEARING#
E88!t i8 8in i" not &aidB
FAIL"RE 'o +ay ')e FINE $)a,, be DEEMED GOOD
AND S"FFICIENT REASON FOR THE S"SPENSION OF THE
CERTIFICATE OF SAID P"BLIC SER!ICE "NTIL PAYMENT
SHALL BE MADE#
NOTES%
)7r t7 0SC i" %&o5rd 6y
8ran!7i" o8 o&rator only to 8ix t7 rat"
= it 7a" no a$t7ority to i%&o" 8in" on
"aid 7oldr o8 8ran!7i"9
In ordr t7at a r"&ondnt &$6li! "r?i!
%ay 6 7ld !ri%inally lia6l = t7 a!t
+1
!o%%ittd 6y it %$"t 6 x&r""ly
&ro7i6itd9 In t7 a6"n! o8 "aid
x&r"" &ro7i6ition t7 7oldr o8 t7
8ran!7i" !annot 6 7ld !ri%inally
lia6l9
S!tion 229
Ob$er0an-e o ')e order$, de-i$ion$, and reg(,a'ion$
o ')e Co//i$$ion and o ')e 'er/$ and -ondi'ion$ o any
-er'ii-a'e /ay a,$o be enor-ed by /anda/($ or in8(n-'ion in
a++ro+ria'e -a$e$# PRO!IDED, ')a' ')e Co//i$$ion /ay
-o/+ro/i$e any -a$e ')a' /ay ari$e (nder ')i$ A-' in $(-)
/anner and or $(-) a/o(n' a$ i' /ay dee/ 8($' and
rea$onab,e#
NOTES%
19 T7 RTC 7a" !on!$rrnt I$ri"di!tion 5it7 t7
Co%%i""ion o?r !a"" o8 an o&rator
?iolating 7i" or it" !rti8i!at9
29 *o5?r> t7 8iling o8 t7 !a" 68or t7
Co%%i""ion %$"t not 6 &r%at$r9
39 RTC %ay grant an inI$n!tion again"t &$6li!
"r?i! o&rator"K
;9 RTC %ay grant t7 inI$n!tion again"t a &$6li!
"r?i! 5it7o$t a$t7ority to o&rat9
H9 T7 di"o6din! to an ordr o8 a !o$rt
8or6idding a &$6i! "r?i! !o%&any to !oll!t
a 8ar l"" t7an t7at a$t7oriGd 6y t7 0SC
!on"tit$t" !ri%inal !ont%&t9
69 RTC %ay i""$ %andatory inI$n!tion to
!o%&l an o&rator to 8$rni"7 "r?i!9
Ca"" 57r t7 RTC !annot grant inI$n!tion"/
&# T)e RTC -anno' i$$(e in8(n-'ion$ again$' ')e order$
o ')e Co//i$$ion#
*# T)e RTC -anno' en8oin an o+era'or ro/ doing .)a'
')e Co//i$$ion )a$ a(')oriEed#
S!tion 239
Any +(b,i- $er0i-e (o)*o)a+ion ')a' $)a,,%
a# +eror/, -o//i', or do any a-' or ')ing
orbidden or +ro)ibi'ed2 or
b# $)a,, neg,e-' ai, or o/i' 'o do or
+eror/ any a-' or ')ing )erein 'o be
done or +eror/ed
SHALL BE P"NISHED%
a# a ine NOT e3-eeding P*A,DDD#DD2 or
b# I/+ri$on/en' NOT e3-eeding A year$2
or
-# BOTH in ')e di$-re'ion o ')e -o(r'#
S!tion 2;9
Any +(b,i- $er0i-e *e)son $)a,,%
a# +eror/, -o//i', or do any a-' or ')ing
orbidden or +ro)ibi'ed2 or
-# $)a,, neg,e-' ai, or o/i' 'o do or
+eror/ any a-' or ')ing )erein 'o be
done or +eror/ed SHALL BE
P"NISHED by
a# a ine NOT e3-eeding P*,DDD#DD2 or
b# I/+ri$on/en' NOT e3-eeding * year$2
or
PRO!IDED%
T)a' or o+era'ing a +ri0a'e +a$$enger
a('o/obi,e a$ a +(b,i- $er0i-e .i')o(' )a0ing a
-er'ii-a'e o +(b,i- -on0enien-e or ')e $a/e ')e
oender $)a,, be $(b8e-' 'o ')e +ena,'ie$ +ro0ided or
in Se-'ion B= ?8@ o A-' 6<<*9
NOTE%
A +er$on +er/i''ing )i$ +ri0a'e,y o.ned and
regi$'ered -ar 'o be ($ed or )ire i$ +(ni$)ab,e (nder
')i$ Se-'ion#
S!tion 2H9
Any +er$on .)o $)a,, 5no.ing,y and .i,,(,,y neg,e-',
ai, or o/i' 'o do or +eror/ or .)o $)a,, 5no.ing,y and .i,,(,,y
-a($e or 8oin or +ar'i-i+a'e .i') o')er$ in -a($ing any +(b,i-
$er0i-e -or+ora'ion or -o/+any 'o neg,e-', ai, or o/i' 'o do or
+eror/ 333 $)a,, be P"NISHED
a# a ine NOT e3-eeding P*,DDD#DD2 or
b# I/+ri$on/en' NOT e3-eeding * year$2
or
S!tion 269
Any +er$on .)o $)a,, de$'roy, in8(re, or in'erere .i')
any a++ara'($ or a++,ian-e o.ned or o+era'ed by or in -)arge
o ')e Co//i$$ion or i'$ agen'$, $)a,, be dee/ed g(i,'y o a
/i$de/eanor and (+on -on0i-'ion $)a,, be P"NISHED
a# a ine NOT e3-eeding P&,DDD#DD2 or
b# I/+ri$on/en' NOT e3-eeding B
/on')$2 or
S!tion 279
T)e A-' $)a,, NOT )a0e ')e ee-' 'o re,ea$e or .ai0e
any rig)' o a-'ion by ')e Co//i$$ion or by any +er$on 333#
S!tion 2L9
!io,a'ion$ o ')e order$, de-i$ion$, and reg(,a'ion$ o
')e Co//i$$ion and o ')e 'er/$ and -ondi'ion$ o any
-er'ii-a'e i$$(ed by ')e Co//i$$ion $)a,, +re$-ribe a'er ,-
da.s and 0io,a'ion$ o ')e +ro0i$ion$ o ')i$ A-' $)a,, +re$-ribed
a'er /0- da.s#
NOTES%
C CPre$-ri+'ion o -ri/e# Pre$-ri+'ion o -ri/e#
T)e +eriod o +re$-ri+'ion -o//en-e$ 'o r(n ro/ ')e
day on .)i-) ')e -ri/e i$ di$-o0ered by ')e oended +ar'y, ')e
a(')ori'ie$ or ')eir agen'$# T)e -o//en-e/en' o a -ri/ina,
a-'ion in'err(+'$ ')e r(nning o ')e +eriod o +re$-ri+'ion#
T)e BD day +re$-ri+'ion +eriod (nder Se-'ion *B o ')e
P(b,i- Ser0i-e La. i$ a0ai,ab,e deen$e on,y in -ri/ina, or +ena,
+ro-eeding$#
0ROCE('RE AN( RE2IE)
S!tion 2<9
A,, )earing$ and in0e$'iga'ion$ beore ')e Co//i$$ion
$)a,, be go0erned by r(,e$ ado+'ed by ')e Co//i$$ion C and in
()
')e -ond(-' ')ereo ')e Co11ission s2all no+ be bo3nd b. +2e
+e(2ni(al )3les of legal e4iden(e%
PRO!IDED% T)a' ')e P(b,i- Ser0i-e Co//i$$ioner
/ay $(//ari,y +(ni$) any +er$on .)o i$ g(i,'y o /i$-ond(-' in
')e +re$en-e o ')e +re$en-e o ')e Co//i$$ioner or
CONTEMPT%
PENALTY% FINE C no' e3-eeding P*DD#DD or or
IMPRISONMENT C no' e3-eeding &D day$ or BOTH#
To enor-e ')e +ro0i$ion$ o ')i$ Se-'ion, ')e
Co//i$$ion /ay, i ne-e$$ary re4(e$' ')e a$$i$'an-e o ')e
M"NICIPAL POLICE or ')e e3e-('ion o any order /ade or
$aid +(r+o$e#
NOTES%
T7 R$l" o8 Co$rt i" "$&&ltory to t7 r$l" o8 t7
Co%%i""ion9
CO'RT R'LIN.S AS TO 0ARTIES9
&# W)i,e ')e Co//i$$ion i$ a(')oriEed 'o /a5e r(,e$ or ')e
-ond(-' o ')eir b($ine$$, i' -o(,d no' $ea' a' na(g)' ')e
(nda/en'a, r(,e o a,, +ro-eeding$ ')a' on,y +ar'ie$ )a0ing
a rea, in'ere$' .i,, be )eard#
*# A +ar'y NOT ae-'ed or +re8(di-ed -anno' i,e an
o++o$i'ion#
6# One +(b,i- $er0i-e -or+ora'ion -anno' a$$(/e ')e na/e
and be $(b$'i'('ed in ')e +,a-e o ano')er +(b,i- $er0i-e
-or+ora'ion#
7# A ,ega, re+re$en'a'i0e o ')e e$'a'e o ')e de-ea$ed
a++,i-an' /ay be $(b$'i'('ed or ')e ,a''er#
A# One .)o )a$ been gran'ed a ,egi$,a'i0e ran-)i$e 'o
o+era'e an i-e +,an', a,')o(g) no' ye' an o+era'or o $(-)
+(b,i- ('i,i'y#
B# T)e a-' ')a' a +ar'y i$ ')e ,e$$ee o a ,ine doe$ no' bar )i/
ro/ a++,ying or a -er'ii-a'e o i'$ o.n in ')e $a/e ,ine#
=# A -a$e in0o,0ing ')e gran' o Cer'ii-a'e o P(b,i-
Con0enien-e 'o ')e re$+onden' be-o/e$ /oo' and
a-ade/i- .)ere ')e re$+onden' -ea$e$ 'o be a b($
o+era'or, and i' $)o(,d be di$/i$$ed#
># T)e PSC )a$ no a(')ori'y 'o a(')oriEe one -or+ora'ion 'o
a$$(/e ')e na/e o ano')er#
CO'RT R'LIN.S AS TO NOTICE9
&# A +(b,i- $er0i-e i$ en'i',ed 'o no'i-e a$ 'o ')e -)arge$
again$' i', and 'o )a0e an o++or'(ni'y 'o an$.er $(-)
-)arge and 'o deend i'$e, again$' i'#
*# A +ar'y ae-'ed by an order a/ending a -er'ii-a'e i$
en'i',ed 'o a no'i-e#
6# An in'ere$'ed +ar'y .)o i$ no' gi0en no'i-e i$ no' bo(nd by
')e de-i$ion#
7# In -er'ain -a$e$, a dee-' in ')e order o a +(b,i-a'ion or a
-er'ii-a'e o +(b,i- -on0enien-e .i,, no' 0i'ia'e ')e
-er'ii-a'e#
A# No'i-e o )earing /ay )o.e0er be .ai0ed#
B# W)ere +er$ona, no'i-e i$ re4(ired by ')e no'i-e o )earing
by ')e no'i-e o )earing i'$e,, ai,(re 'o do $o 0i'ia'e$
de-i$ion no' .i')$'anding +(b,i-a'ion o no'i-e#
CO'RT R'LIN.S AS TO RECE0TION O, E2I(ENCE9
&# T)e Co//i$$ion -anno' di$/i$$ a -a$e +ro0i$iona,,y
.i')o(' re-ei0ing e0iden-e#
*# T)e re+or' o an in$+e-'or o ')e Co//i$$ion /($' be
/ade beore ')e Co(r' and $(b8e-'ed 'o -ro$$ e3a/ina'ion#
6# T)e Co//i$$ion in ')e e3er-i$e o i'$ 4(a$i98(di-ia, and
ad/ini$'ra'i0e (n-'ion$#
7# Re-e+'ion o e0iden-e /ay be de,ega'ed 'o ')e C)ie
A''orney o ')e Co//i$$ion or an a$$i$'an' 'o a
Co//i$$ioner#
A# T)e +ar'ie$ /($' be gi0en o++or'(ni'y 'o +re$en' ')eir
e0iden-e#
B# T)e Co//i$$ion /ay a,$o ba5e no'i-e o -er'ain a-'$#
Co$rt r$ling" a" to r#$ir%nt" o8 &$6li!ation o8
a&&li!ation 8or 7aring9
&# A/ong ')e r(,e$ ado+'ed by ')e PSC i$ ')a' .)i-) re4(ire$
')a' ')e order $e''ing an a++,i-a'ion or )earing be
+(b,i$)ed in '.o ne.$+a+er$ o genera, -ir-(,a'ion a' ,ea$'
&D day$ +rior 'o ')e da'e o ')e )earing#
*# B(' .)ere ')e -orre$+onding no'i-e o ')e a++,i-a'ion .a$
+(b,i$)ed and $er0ed (+on ')e +ar'ie$ and ')e a++,i-a'ion
.a$ a/ended by red(-ing ')e $a/e ,ine a++,ied or, ')e
ai,(re 'o +(b,i$) no'i-e o ')e a/end/en' -anno' +o$$ib,y
i/+air ')e rig)'$ o any o+era'or or ae-' ')e 8(ri$di-'ion o
')e PSC 'o en'er'ain ')e +e'i'ion a$ a/ended and 'o gran'
')e $a/e#
6# T)e r(,e$ o +ro-ed(re in ')e Co//i$$ion re4(ire an
a++,i-an' or a -er'ii-a'e 'o o+era'e a b($ or TP" a('o9
'r(-5 $er0i-e 'o +(b,i$) in '.o ne.$+a+er$ o genera,
-ir-(,a'ion ')e order $e''ing )i$ a++,i-a'ion or )earing and
in addi'ion 'o $en' by regi$'ered /ai, -o+y o ')e a++,i-a'ion
and ')e order o )earing 'o a,, o+era'or$ .)o /ay be
(+
ae-'ed ')ereby a$ a++earing in ')e ,i$' (rni$)ed by ')e
Co//i$$ion#
Co$rt r$ling" a" to 0SC d!i"ion9
&# A de-i$ion o ')e Co//i$$ion /($' )a0e $o/e e0iden-e 'o
$(++or' i'#
*# B(' a inding o a-' i$ no' ne-e$$ary or ')e 0a,idi'y o ')e
Co//i$$ionF$ de-i$ion$#
6# A de-i$ion o ')e Co//i$$ion /($' be ba$ed on -ondi'ion$
a' ')e 'i/e o )earing or de-i$ion#
7# A de-i$ion o ')e Co//i$$ion -anno' in-,(de in a -er'ii-a'e
a ,ine e3-,(ded d(ring ')e )earing#
A# T)ere i$ no 'i/e i3ed or ')e Co//i$$ion .i')in .)i-) 'o
render i'$ de-i$ion$#
B# And ')e a-' ')a' ')e de-i$ion .a$ rendered beore ')e i,ing
o ')e /e/orand(/ o ')e +ar'ie$ i$ no gro(nd or i'$
re0er$a,#
=# "n,e$$ a-'(a,,y .i')o(' ba$i$, ')e in'er+re'a'ion ba$ed (+on
i'$ order$ by ')e PSC $)o(,d no' be di$'(rbed by ')e
S(+re/e Co(r'#
># PSC i$ e/+o.ered 'o a++ro0e *)o4isional )a+es o ('i,i'ie$
.i')o(' +rior )earing#
<# La. -onine$ in ad/ini$'ra'i0e oi-e 4(e$'ion$ o a-'$,
8(ri$di-'ion$ o $(-) oi-e o0er ')e Co(r'$#
Con'e/+' Pro-eeding$
'ndr S!tion 2< = t7 Co%%i""ion %ay "$%%arily &$ni"7
a &r"on 8or dir!t !ont%&t 6$t not 8or indir!t !ont%&t =
at la"t in"o8ar a" t7ir I$ri"di!tion o?r &$6li! "r?i!" i"
!on!rnd9
(ir!t Cont%&t
9 Dire-' -on'e/+' /ay -on$i$'$ in%
&# /i$-ond(-' in ')e +re$en-e o ')e Co//i$$ioner$ or $o
near ')e/ a$ 'o in'err(+' ')e )earing or $e$$ion or any
+ro-eeding$ beore ')e/2
*# re($a, 'o be $.orn a$ a .i'ne$$ or 'o an$.er a$ $(-)
.)en ,a.(,,y re4(ired 'o do $o#
Indir!t Cont%&t
9 Indire-' -on'e/+' /ay -on$i$'$ o%
&# ai,(re 'o obey a $(b+oena i$$(ed by ')e Co//i$$ion
re4(iring ')e a''endan-e and 'e$'i/ony o a .i'ne$$ o ')e
+rod(-'ion o ne-e$$ary boo5$, +a+er$ and do-(/en'$,
*# re($a, 'o -o/+,y .i') any order or de-i$ion ,a.(,,y
en'ered by ')e Co//i$$ion#
Se-'ion 6D#
&# T)e Co//i$$ion /ay i$$(e $(b+oena and $(b+oena
d(-e$ 'e-(/, or .i'ne$$e$ in any /anner or in4(iry
+ending beore ')e Co//i$$ion and re4(ire ')e
+rod(-'ion o boo5$, +a+er$, 'ari$, -on'ra-'$,
agree/en'$, and a,, o')er do-(/en'$ .)i-) ')e
Co//i$$ion /ay dee/ ne-e$$ary in any +ro-eeding#
*# Any +er$on .)o $)a,, neg,e-' or re($e 'o an$.er
,a.(, in4(iry or +rod(-e beore ')e Co//i$$ion
boo5$, +a+er$, 'ari$, -on'ra-'$, agree/en'$, and a,,
o')er do-(/en'$2 or 'o an$.er any ,a.(, in4(iry $)a,,
be +(ni$)ed by a ine no' e3-eeding PA,DDD#DD or by
i/+ri$on/en' no' e3-eeding & year, or bo'), in ')e
di$-re'ion o ')e -o(r'#
6# T)e Co//i$$ioner and a$$o-ia'e -o//i$$ioner$, ')e
-)ie$ o di0i$ion$, ')e a''orney$ o ')e Co//i$$ion,
and ')e de+('y $e-re'arie$ $)a,, )a0e ')e +o.er 'o
ad/ini$'er oa')$ in a,, /a''er$ (nder ')e 8(ri$di-'ion o
')e Co//i$$ion#
7# Any +er$on .)o $)a,, 'e$'iy a,$e,y or /a5e any a,$e
aida0i' or oa') beore ')e Co//i$$ion or beore any
o i'$ /e/ber$ $)a,, be g(i,'y o +er8(ry, and (+on
-on0i-'ion ')ereo in a -o(r' o -o/+e'en' 8(ri$di-'ion,
$)a,, be +(ni$)ed a$ +ro0ided by ,a.#
A# Wi'ne$$e$ a++earing beore ')e Co//i$$ion in
obedien-e 'o $(b+oena or $(b+oena d(-e$ 'e-(/,
$)a,, be en'i',ed 'o re-ei0e ')e $a/e ee$ and /i,eage
a,,o.an-e a$ .i'ne$$e$ a''ending RTC -i0i, -a$e$#
B# Any +er$on .)o $)a,, ob$'r(-' ')e Co//i$$ion or
ei')er o ')e Co//i$$ioner$ .)i,e engaged in ')e
di$-)arge o oi-ia, d('ie$ or .)o $)a,, -ond(-'
)i/$e, in a r(de, di$order,y or di$re$+e-'(, /anner
beore ')e Co//i$$ion C (+on -on0i-'ion o ')e $a/e
$)a,, be +(ni$)ed or EACH oen$e by a FINE no'
e3-eeding P&,DDD#DD or by IMPRISONMENT no'
e3-eeding B /on')$, or BOTH in ')e di$-re'ion o ')e
-o(r'#
S!tion 319
No +er$on $)a,, be e3-($ed ro/ a $(b+oena or
$(b+oena d(-e$ 'e-(/ i$$(ed by ')e Co//i$$ion EKCEPT
.)en ')e 'e$'i/ony or e0iden-e re4(ired o )i/ /ay 'end 'o
in-ri/ina'e )i/#
Wi')o(' ')e -on$en' o ')e in'ere$'ed +ar'y NO
/e/ber or e/+,oyee o ')e Co//i$$ion $)a,, be -o/+e,,ed or
+er/i''ed 'o gi0e 'e$'i/ony in any -i0i, $(i' 'o .)i-) ')e
Co//i$$ion i$ no' a +ar'y, .i') regard 'o $e-re'$ ob'ained by
)i/ in ')e di$-)arge o )i$ oi-ia, d('y#
S!tion 329
T)e Co//i$$ion i$ a,$o a,,o.ed 'o 'a5e de+o$i'ion o
.i'ne$$e$ .)o are re$iding .i')in or .i')o(' ')e P)i,i++ine$ 'o
be 'a5en in ')e /anner +re$-ribed by ')e R(,e$ o Co(r'#
0See: De"%&$#$%n %- W$#ne&&e& 1 Rule& 23 #% 24 5 6447 Rule&
%n C$)$l Pr%*e,ure8.
S!tion 339
((
E0ery order /ade by ')e Co//i$$ion $)a,, be $er0ed
(+on ')e +er$on or +(b,i- $er0i-e ae-'ed ')ereby, .i')in &D
day$ ro/ ')e 'i/e $aid order i$ i,ed by +er$ona, de,i0ery or by
ordinary /ai,, (+on ')e a''orney o re-ord or in -a$e ')ere be no
a''orney o re-ord, (+on ')e +ar'y in'ere$'ed2 and in -a$e $(-)
-er'iied -o+y i$ $en' by regi$'ered /ai,, ')e regi$'ry /ai, re-ei+'
$)a,, be ')e +ri/a a-ie e0iden-e o ')e re-ei+' o $(-) order by
')e +(b,i- $er0i-e in d(e -o(r$e o /ai,#
Se-'ion 67#
Any in'ere$'ed +ar'y /ay re4(e$' ')e re-on$idera'ion
o any order, r(,ing, or de-i$ion o ')e Co//i$$ion by /ean$ o
a +e'i'ion i,ed no' ,a'er ')an &A day$ a'er ')e da'e o ')e no'i-e
o ')e order, r(,ing, or de-i$ion in 4(e$'ion#
NOTES%
Li1i+a+ion on Co11ission5s *o6e) +o o)de) )e2ea)ing.
A re)earing -anno' be gran'ed by ')e PSC
or ')e re-on$idera'ion o a 4(e$'ion .)i-) )a$ been
de-ided by ')e SC on a++ea, 'o ')a' 'rib(na,#
W)i,e ')e Co//i$$ion i$ gi0en .ide +o.er
'o gran' re)earing, a di$'in-'ion /($' be /ade
be'.een ')o$e order$ ')a' re/ain en'ire,y .i')in ')e
+o.er$ o ')e Co//i$$ion and ')o$e order$ .)i-) are
bro(g)' 'o ')e SC or re0ie. and ina, de-i$ion#
Mo'ion /($' be ba$ed on a-'$#
T)e rig)' 'o be )eard and +re$en' e0iden-e
in $(++or' o ')e a,,ega'ion$, -on'ained in )i$ /o'ion o
in'er0en'ion, na'(ra,,y o,,o.$, +ro0ided ')e /o'ion or
in'er0en'ion or re-on$idera'ion $'a'e a-'$ $(i-ien' 'o
8($'iy a re-on$idera'ion o ')e 4(e$'ioned order and
')e gran'ing o a ne. )earing#
S!tion 3H9
T)e S(+re/e Co(r' i$ )ereby gi0en 8(ri$di-'ion 'o
re0ie. any order, r(,ing or de-i$ion o ')e Co//i$$ion and 'o
/odiy or $e' a$ide $(-) order, r(,ing or de-i$ion .)en i' -,ear,y
a++ear$ ')a' ')ere i$ no e0iden-e beore ')e Co//i$$ion 'o
$(++or' rea$onab,y $(-) order, r(,ing, or de-i$ion, or ')a' ')e
$a/e i$ -on'rary 'o ,a., or ')a' i' .a$ .i')o(' 8(ri$di-'ion o ')e
Co//i$$ion#
NOTES%
An (n0eriied Mo'ion or Re-on$idera'ion
-on'aining genera,i'ie$ -anno' 8($'iy $e''ing a$ide o a
de-i$ion )anded do.n in re$+on$e 'o a -,ear +(b,i-
need, .)ere ')ere i$ e0iden-e ')a' ')e b($e$ o+era'ed
by ')e /o0an' -anno' a--o//oda'e a,, ')e
+a$$enger$ on ')o$e ,ine$#
Re/edie$ 'o $e' a$ide order o Co//i$$ion#
T7r ar only t5o r%di" a?aila6l in t7 S$&r% Co$rt
to "t a"id an ordr o8 t7 0$6li! Sr?i! Co%%i""ion9
&# Pe+i+ion fo) )e4ie6 see R3le 78, R3les of Co3)+
*# Pe+i+ion fo) Ce)+io)a)i see R3le ,8, R3les of
Co3)+
N#B#
RTC not t7 CA 7a" I$ri"di!tion o?r a!tion" to ann$l
ordr" o8 t7 Co%%i""ion = 6!a$" ?n t7 a6o?
%ntiond r%di" 5a" indi!atd to 6 a?aila6l only to
t7 SC = "till yo$ nd to 8ollo5 t7 R$l" on *irar!7y o8
Co$rt" 57i!7 &ro?id" t7at 0tition 8or R?i5 or on
Crtiorari "7all 8ir"t 6 8ild 68or t7 RTC> to CA and t7n
to SC9
A" a r$l> Co$rt do" not intr8r 5it7
ad%ini"trati? a!tion &rior to it"
!o%&ltion and 8inality9
Con"tr$!tion gi?n 6y an ad%ini"trati?
agn!y &o""""d o8 t7 n!""ary
"&!ial 4no5ldg> x&rti" and
x&rin! d"r?" grat 5ig7t and
r"&!t> tr% radiotl&7ony in!l$d"
!ll$lar &7on"9 (0L(T ?9 NTC> 1<J SCRA
717)9
S!tion 369
Any order, r(,ing, or de-i$ion o ')e Co//i$$ion /ay
be re0ie.ed on ')e a++,i-a'ion o any +er$on or +(b,i- $er0i-e
/ay be re0ie.ed on ')e a++,i-a'ion o any +er$on or +(b,i-
$er0i-e ae-'ed ')ereby, by -er'iorari in a++ro+ria'e -a$e$, or by
+e'i'ion 'o be 5no.n a$ +e'i'ion or re0ie., .)i-) $)a,, be i,ed
.i')in 6D day$ ro/ ')e no'ii-a'ion o $(-) order, r(,ing or
de-i$ion#
NOTES%
T7 r$l on t7 1H day and 3J day &riod
i" t7 "a% in t7 Enrgy Rg$latory 0riod9 +$t
a" to t7 LT,R+ and t7 NTC = t7 &riod 5it7in
57i!7 a&&al %ay 6 %ad i" 5it7in 3J day" 8ro%
noti!9
A" to t7 National )atr R"o$r!"
Co$n!il = no5 +oard- a&&al" to t7 RTC %$"t 6
%ad 5it7in 1H day" 8ro% t7 dat t7 &arty
a&&aling r!i?" a !o&y o8 t7 d!i"ion9
A" to t7 Mariti% Ind$"try A$t7ority = a&&al %ay
6 %ad 5it7in 3J day" 8ro% noti!9
Pe+i+ion fo) )e4ie6 filed se4en 9:) 1on+2s
af+e) )e(ei*+ of no+i(e of denial is (onside)ed
+o 2a4e been filed o3+ of +i1e.
Ob;e(+ions no+ )aised in +2e Co11ission
(anno+ be )aised on a**eal.
Co1*)o1ise ag)ee1en+ of *a)+ies ba)s
(e)+io)a)i o) )e4ie6.
'o+ion fo) )e(onside)a+ion no+ a (ondi+ion
*)e(eden+ fo) a**eal.
(*
If +2e *e+i+ione) s2o6s la(< of in+e)es+ in +2e
(ase +2e *e+i+ione) 2as no s+anding in +2e
Co3)+, and 2is *e+i+ion fo) )e4ie6 of an o)de)
of +2e PSC 13s+ be dis1issed 6i+2 (os+s.
S!tion 379
T)e in$'i'('ion o a .ri' o -er'iorari or o')er $+e-ia,
re/edie$ in ')e S(+re/e Co(r' $)a,, in no -a$e $(+er$ede ')e
S(+re/e Co(r' $)a,, $o dire-', and ')e a++e,,an' /ay be
re4(ired by ')e S(+re/e Co(r' 'o gi0e bond in $(-) or/ and o
$(-) a/o(n' a$ /ay be dee/ed +ro+er#
S!tion 3L9
T)e C)ie o ')e ,ega, di0i$ion or any o')er a''orney$
o ')e Co//i$$ion $)a,, re+re$en' ')e $a/e in a,, 8(di-ia,
+ro-eeding$# I' $)a,, be ')e d('y o ')e So, Gen 'o re+re$en' ')e
Co//i$$ion in any 8(di-ia, +ro-eeding$ i, or $+e-ia, rea$on,
')e Co//i$$ioner $)a,, re4(e$' )i$ in'er0en'ion#
Se-'ion 6<#
Any +ro-eeding in any -o(r' o ')e P)i,i++ine$ dire-',y
ae-'ing an order o ')e Co//i$$ion or 'o .)i-) ')e
Co//i$$ion i$ a +ar'y, $)a,, )a0e +reeren-e o0er a,, o')er -i0i,
+ro-eeding$ +ending in $(-) -o(r', EKCEPT e,e-'ion -a$e#
CON2ENTION ,OR *E 'NI,ICATION O, CERTAIN
R'LES RELATIN. TO INTERNATIONAL
CARRIA.E +1 AIR> SI.NE( AT )ARSA) ON
OCT9 12 1<2< ()ARSA) CON2ENTION)
I) S!o&
T)i$ Con0en'ion a++,ie$ 'o a,, in'erna'iona, -arriage o
+er$on$, ,(ggage, or good$ +eror/ed by air-ra' or re.ard# I'
a++,ie$ e4(a,,y 'o gra'(i'o($ -arriage by air-ra' +eror/ed by an
air 'ran$+or' (nder'a5ing#
OT)i$ a,$o a++,ie$ 'o -arriage +eror/ed by ')e S'a'e or by
,ega,,y -on$'i'('ed +(b,i- bodie$ +ro0ided i' -o/+,ie$ .i') ')e
-ondi'ion o ')e abo0e $'a'ed#
OT)i$ doe$ no' a++,y )o.e0er 'o -arriage +eror/ed (nder ')e
'er/$ o any in'erna'iona, +o$'a, -on0en'ion#
MIntrnational !arriag/ /ean$ any -arriage in .)i-)
a--ording 'o ')e -on'ra-' /ade by ')e +ar'ie$, ')e +,a-e o
de+ar'(re and ')e +,a-e o de$'ina'ion, .)e')er or no' $i'(a'ed
ei')er .i')in )e 'erri'orie$ o '.o Hig) Con'ra-'ing +ar'ie$, or
.i')in ')e 'erri'ory o a $ing,e Hig) Con'ra-'ing +ar'y, i ')ere in
agreed $'o++ing +,a-e .i')in ')e 'erri'ory $(b8e-' 'o ')e 'o ')e
,a.$ o ')e $'a'e#
NA -arriage .i')o(' $(-) agreed $'o++ing +,a-e be'.een
'erri'orie$ $(b8e-' 'o )e ,a. o ')e -on'ra-'ing +ar'ie$ i$ no'
dee/ed 'o be in'erna'iona, or ')e +(r+o$e$ o ')i$ a-'#
A -arriage 'o be +eror/ed by $e0era, $(--e$$i0e air
-arrier$ i$ dee/ed, or ')e +(r+o$e o ')i$ a-' 'o be one
(ndi0ided -arriage, i i' )a$ been regarded by ')e +ar'ie$ a$ a
$ing,e o+era'ion, .)e')er i' )ad been agreed (+on (nder ')e
or/ o a $ing,e -on'ra-' or o a $erie$ o -on'ra-'9
II) (o!$%nt" o8 !arriag
A) 0a""ngr ti!4t
For ')e -arriage o +a$$enger ')e -arrier /($' de,i0er a
+a$$enger 'i-5e' .)i-) $)a,, in-,(de ')e +,a-e and da'e o i$$(e,
de$'ina'ion and da'e o de+ar'(re, agreed $'o++ing +,a-e, and
')e ,iabi,i'y or ')e -arrier (nder in'erna'iona, ,a.#
OT)e ab$en-e, irreg(,ari'y, or ,o$$ o ')e +a$$enger 'i-5e' doe$
no' ae-' ')e e3i$'en-e and ')e 0a,idi'y o ')e -on'ra-'#
OS)o(,d ')e -arrier a--e+' +a$$enger .i')o(' 'i-5e', ')e -arrier
-anno' a0ai, o ')e +ro0i$ion o ')i$ Con0en'ion 'o e3-,(de or
,i/i' )i$ ,iabi,i'y#

+) L$ggag ti!4t
For ')e -arriage o ,(ggage, o')er ')an $/a,, +er$ona,
ob8e-'$ o .)i-) ')e +a$$enger 'a5e$ -)arge )i/$e,, ')e -arrier
/($' i$$(e a ,(ggage 'i-5e'# .)i-) $)a,, be in d(+,i-a'e, one +ar'
or ')e +a$$enger and ')e o')er or ')e -arrier#
OT)e ab$en-e, irreg(,ari'y, or ,o$$ o ')e ,(ggage 'i-5e'
doe$ no' ae-' ')e 0a,idi'y o ')e -on'ra-' (n,e$$ in -a$e ')e
-arrier did no' de,i0er a 'i-5e', or ')e 'i-5e' did no' -on'ain ')e
$'a'e/en' o ')e n(/ber and .eig)' o ')e ,(ggage and ')e
$'a'e/en' ')a' ')e -arriage i$ $(b8e-' 'o ')e r(,e$ re,a'ing 'o
,iabi,i'y e$'ab,i$)ed by ')i$ -on0en'ion, ')e -arrier -anno' a0ai, o
')e +ro0i$ion o ')e -on0en'ion ,i/i'ing )i$ ,iabi,i'y#
C) Air !on"ign%nt not
E0ery -arrier o good$ )a$ ')e rig)' 'o re4(ire ')e -on$ignor
'o /a5e o(' and de,i0er 'o )i/ an QAir -on$ign/en' no'eR
And e0ery -on$ignor )a$ ')e rig)' 'o re4(ire ')e -arrier 'o
a--e+' ')i$ do-(/en'#
OT)e ab$en-e or irreg(,ari'y or ,o$$ o ')i$ no'e $)a,, no'
ae-' ')e 0a,idi'y and e3i$'en-e o ')e -on'ra-'# Pro0ided
')a' i ')e -arrier a--e+'$ good$ .i')o(' ')e air
-on$ign/en' no'e or ')e +ar'i-(,ar$ $(-) a$ ')e +,a-e o
de$'ina'ion, na/e and addre$$ o ')e -on$ignee, a++aren'
-ondi'ion o ')e good$ 4(an'i'y and 0o,(/e o ')e good$,
')e -arrier -anno' a0ai, o ')e +ro0i$ion ,i/i'ing )i$ ,iabi,i'y
in -a$e o a ,o$$ or da/age 'o+ ')e good$#
O T)e air -on$ign/en' no'e i$ +ri/a +a-ie e0iden-e o ')e
-on-,($ion o ')e -on'ra-', o ')e re-ei+' o ')e good$ and
o ')e -ondi'ion o -arriage#

() Rig7t" o8 t7 !on"ignor
&@ Con$ignor i$ re$+on$ib,e or ')e -orre-'ne$$ o ')e
+ar'i-(,ar$ o ')e good$
*@ Liab,e or da/age $(ered by ')e -arrier or any o')er
+er$on by rea$on o ')e irreg(,ari'y, in-orre-'ne$$, or
in-o/+,e'ene$$ o ')e $aid +ar'i-(,ar$ and $'a'e/en'$#
(,
6@ Rig)' o $'o++age or 'o .i')dra. ')e good$ a' ')e
aerodro/e o de+ar'(re or de$'ina'ion or 'o be
de,i0ered 'o o')er +er$on o')er ')an ')e -on$ignee#
OI i' i$ i/+o$$ib,e 'o -arry o(' ')e order$ o ')e -on$ignor ')e
-arrier /($' inor/ )i/ o $(-) i/+o$$ibi,i'y#
O I i' in0o,0e$ ')e di$+o$i'ion o ')e good$ ')e -arrier /($'
de/and ')e -on$ign/en' no'e, o')er.i$e ')e -arrier i$ ,iab,e 'o
')e -on$ignee or 'o anyone in +o$$e$$ion o ')e good$ in -a$e
o da/age 'o ')e good$#
OT)e rig)' o ')e -on$ignor -ea$e$ a' ')e /o/en' ')e -on$ignee
re-ei0ed ')e good$#
E) Rig7t o8 t7 !on"ign
&@ To de,i0er 'o )i/ ')e good$ (+on arri0a, a' ')e +,a-e o ')e
de$'ina'ion#
*@ To de,i0er 'o )i/ ')e -on$ign/en' no'e
6@ To be gi0en no'i-e o ')e arri0a, o ')e good$#
7@ Rig)' 'o enor-e ,iabi,i'y again$' ')e -arrier in -a$e o ,o$$#
,) Lia6ility o8 t7 !arrir
&@ Liab,e or da/age in ')e e0en' o dea') or .o(nding o
+a$$enger or any o')er bodi,y in8(ry i ')e in8(ry or da/age
'a5e +,a-e on board or in ')e -o(r$e o ')e o+era'ion o
*@ To da/age$ i ')e good$ .ere da/aged d(ring ')e
-arriage by air#
OT)e +eriod o -arriage doe$ no' e3'end 'o -arriage by ,and or
by $ea e3-e+' i ')e -arriage by ,andT i$ or ')e +(r+o$e o
,oading, de,i0ery, 'ran$$)i+/en', any da/age i$ +re$(/ed 'o
)a0e been ')e re$(,' o an e0en' .)i-) 'oo5 +,a-e d(ring ')e
-arriage by air#
6@ Liab,e or da/age in -a$e o de,ay in ')e -arriage o ')e
good$ or ,(ggage#
,) Carrir i" not lia6l9
&@ I ')e -arrier a-' .i') ne-e$$ary /ea$(re 'o a0oid ')e
da/age
*@ I ')e -arrier +ro0e$ ')a' ')e da/age ,o$$ .a$ d(e 'o
neg,igen-e in ')e )and,ing o ')e air-ra' or +i,o'age#
6@ May be e3onera'ed .)o,,y or +ar'ia,,y i -arrier +ro0e$
-on'rib('ory neg,igen-e on ')e +ar' o ')e in8(red +er$on#
T)e -arrier -anno' a0ai, o ')e +ro0i$ion o ')i$ -on0en'ion
in ,i/i'ing or e3-,(ding )i/ ro/ any ,iabi,i'y i ')e da/age
.a$ -a($ed by ')e .i,,(, /i$-ond(-' on )i$ +ar'#
Carrier i$ no' en'i',ed 'o ')e +ro0i$ion ,i/i'ing )i$ ,iabi,i'y i
')e da/age .a$ -a($ed by ')e agen' o ')e -arrier a-'ing
.i')in ')e $-o+e o )i$ e/+,oy/en'#
.) 2n$ o8 a!tion9
&@ RTC .)ere ')e b($ine$$ o ')e -arrier i$ ,o-a'ed
*@ RTC o ')e +,a-e .)ere ')e -on'ra-' .a$ /ade
6@ Co(r' o ')e +,a-e o de$'ina'ion
7@ Co(r' o ')e +,a-e o de+ar'(re
A@ Co(r' .)ere ')e +,a-e )a$ $'o++ed o0er
*) 0r"!i&tion o8 a!tion9
Wi')in '.o ?*@ year$ ro/ ')e da'e o arri0a, a' ')e
de$'ina'ion, or ro/ ')e 'i/e ')e air-ra' o(g)' 'o )a0e arri0ed, or
ro/ ')e 'i/e ')e -arrier .a$ $'o++ed#
(-

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