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Math Basics Test
Math Basics Test
3 1 - 0
1 - 3 0
0 0 1
A ,
1
1
1
]
1
1 - 1 0
1 1 0
0 0 1
P ,
1
1
1
]
1
1 - 1 0
1 1 0
0 0 2
2
1
Q , find (a)PA (b) AQ (c)
PQ (d) (PA)Q (e) P(AQ) (f) Q
T
A
T
P
T
A.(a)
1
1
1
]
1
4 - 4 0
2 2 0
0 0 1
PA (b)
1
1
1
]
1
2 - 1 0
2 1 0
0 0 1
AQ (c) PQ=I (d),(e),(f)
1
1
1
]
1
4 0 0
0 2 0
0 0 1
Q.9. Given
1
]
1
2 1 3
2 0 1
A ,
1
1
1
]
1
0 1
3 2
0 1
B , compute (a)AB (b)BA .
A.(a)
1
]
1
3 7
0 3
AB (b)
1
1
1
]
1
2 0 1
10 3 11
2 0 1
BA
Q.10. Calculate the given matrix products:
(a)
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
1
]
1
1 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 1
2 - 0 4
1 2 - 1 -
2 1 - 1
A.
1
1
1
]
1
2 0 2
0 2 - 0
3 1 - 3
(b)
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
1
]
1
2 - 0 4
1 2 - 1 -
2 1 - 1
1 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 1
A.
1
1
1
]
1
0 1 - 5
1 2 - 1 -
0 1 - 5
(c)
1
1
1
]
1
1
]
1
2 1 0
2 3 3
1 - 1 3
1 2 0
2 1 - 1
A.
1
]
1
6 7 6
1 0 0
(d)
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
1
]
1
1 - 5 2
1 3 - 1 -
1 - 2 - 2
0 0 1 -
0 1 - 0
1 - 0 0
A.
1
1
1
]
1
1 2 2 -
1 - 3 1
1 5 - 2 -
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 3
Prof.Bodhibrata Nag
(e)
1
]
1
1
1
1
1
]
1
1 1 2 0
3 2 1 - 1
1 - 1
3 2
1 1 -
1 1
A.
1
1
1
1
]
1
2 1 3 - 1
9 7 4 2
2 - 1 - 3 1 -
4 3 1 1
Q.11. Solve Ax=b by row reducing the augmented matrix, where
1
1
1
]
1
4 1 3
3 - 1 - 2
1 1 1
A ,
1
1
1
]
1
3
2
1
x
x
x
x and
1
1
1
]
1
5
1
0
b .
A.x
1
=-1, x
2
=2,x
3
=-1
Q.12. Solve the system of linear equations by reducing the augmented matrix to row reduced
form:
(a) 2x+4y-z+w=1, x+2y+3w=4, x+y+3z=2, 3y+2z+w=-1
A.x=2,y=-1,z=1/3,w=4/3
(b) x+y+z+w=9,x+y+2z=11, x+2z-w=8,y+3z-w=11
A.x=2,y=1,z=4,w=2
(c) x+y+z+4w=0, x-y-2z=0, x+2y+8z-w=0, y+3z+w=0
A.x=y=z=w=0
(d) x+z=2,y+w=4,z+v=6,x+w=8,y+v=0
A.x=0,y=-4,z=2,w=8,v=4
Q.13. Solve the following underdetermined system by reducing its augmented matrix to row
reduced form. State the solution in terms of a parameter t.
(a) x-z=2,y+z=7 A.x=2+t,y=7-t,z=t
(b) x+y-2z=2, -3x+y+6z=7 A.x=-5/4+2t,y=13/4,z=t
Q.14. Compute the following determinants:
(a)
1 2 3 4
1 - 1 2 3
1 1 - 1 2
1 - 1 1 - 1
(b)
4 - 1 0 2
1 - 3 0 3
0 1 2 4
0 2 3 1
(c)
1 3 1 0 1
3 2 2 0 2
0 0 2 - 0 0
1 4 1 1 - 2
3 1 - 2 2 - 1
A.(a) 27 (b) 120 (c) 32
Q.15. Find the solution to the following equations by using matrix inverse:
(a) 2x+y+3z=3, 2y+z=2, x+y+2z=1
(b) 2x+y-z=2, x+2y+3z=1, 2x+3y+4z=1
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 4
Prof.Bodhibrata Nag
(c) 2x-y+3z=33, y=-2, 2x+y+z=11
(d) x+z=2, -x+2z=1, y+3z=3
A.(a) x=6,y=3,z=-4 (b)x=-4, y=7, z=-3 (c) x=2,y=-2,z=9 (d) x=z=1,y=0
Q.16. Find the inversion of the following matrices using the principle of adjoint:
(a)
1
1
1
]
1
4 2 5
2 1 0
3 0 1
(b)
1
1
1
1
]
1
3 2 0 1
2 4 1 2
0 1 1 3
1 2 3 0
(c)
1
1
1
1
]
1
8 2 3 4
3 1 0 0
2 - 0 1 0
1 0 0 1
(d)
1
1
1
1
]
1
1 0 0 5
0 1 0 2
0 0 1 3
5 2 3 1
(e)
1
1
1
]
1
4 0 0
2 2 1
1 1 2
(f)
1
1
1
]
1
2 1 4
0 1 1
0 2 3
(g)
1
1
1
1
]
1
7 2 1 0
14 3 1 - 1
8 2 2 - 1
2 1 0 0
A.(a)
1
1
1
]
1
1 - 2 5
2 11 10 -
3 6 - 0
15
1
(b)
1
1
1
1
]
1
28 17 - 2 5
17 - 28 13 - 5 -
2 13 - 8 20
5 5 - 20 5
55
1
(c)
1
1
1
1
]
1
1 2 - 3 - 4 -
3 - 10 9 12
2 4 - 2 - 8 -
1 - 2 3 8
4
1
(d)
1
1
1
1
]
1
12 10 - 15 - 5
10 - 33 6 - 2
15 - 6 - 28 3
5 2 3 1
37
1
(f)
1
1
1
]
1
1 5 3 -
0 6 2 -
0 4 - 2
2
1
(g)
1
1
1
1
]
1
1 - 1 1 - 1
2 2 - 2 1 -
4 3 - 3 5 -
12 10 - 11 16
Q.17. Find the inverse of each matrix A and solve the equation AX=B by use of A
-1
:
(a)
1
]
1
1
]
1
11
7
B ,
3 1
1 2
A A.
1
]
1
1
]
1
3
2
X ,
2 1 -
1 - 3
5
1
A
1
(b)
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
1
]
1
11
8
3
B ,
2 3 2
4 - 10 3
1 - 3 1
A A.
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
1
]
1
2
1
2
X ,
1 3 11 -
1 4 14 -
2 - 9 - 32
A
1
(c)
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
1
]
1
17
16
6
B ,
4 3 2
2 7 3
1 2 1
A A.
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
1
]
1
3
1
1
X ,
1 1 5 -
1 2 8 -
3 - 5 - 22
A
1
(d)
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
1
]
1
12
35
15
B ,
2 - 2 - 1 -
1 11 5
3 2 1
A A.
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
1
]
1
3
2
2
X ,
1 0 1
14 1 9
31 - 2 - 20
A
1
(e)
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
1
]
1
5
5
3
B ,
1 1 - 0
1 - 0 1
0 1 - 2
A A.
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
1
]
1
2
3
3
X ,
1 - 2 - 1
2 - 2 - 1
1 - 1 - 1
A
1
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 5
Prof.Bodhibrata Nag
Q.18. Solve the following equations by Cramers Rule:
(a) 2x-z=1, 2x+4y-z=1, x-8y-3z=-2 A. x=1,y=0,z=1
(b) 2x+y+z=8, 3x-y-2z=-6, x-y+3z=7 A. x=1,y=3,z=3
(c) 2x+3y-z=9,3x-2y-z=1,2x-y+2z=4 A. x=2,y=2,z=1
Q.19. The frozen sea fish market is essentially made up of two competing producers- Big Fish
and Tasty Ones. Suppose that 65% of the customers buying the Big Fish product one month will
remain loyal the next month, while 25% of those buying the Tasty Ones product one month switch
to Big Fish the next month. Set up the brand switching matrix describing the loyalty transitions
from one product to the other. Supposing that the original market share of Big Fish is 90%,
determine its share two months hence. What is the equilibrium value of market share of Big Fish?
A.
1
]
1
0.75 0.35
0.25 65 . 0
, 49%, 42%.
Q.20. Three major suppliers dominate the compact disk market, their products being MAG5,
D5MR and 5MEM. Computer users regularly purchase these disks in packs of 20 on a quarterly
basis. Of those users purchasing MAG5 one quarter, 90% will purchase the same product the next
quarter, the remainder evenly switching between D5MR and 5MEM; 70% of D5MRs customers
remain loyal, 20% switching to 5MEM; of those customers purchasing 5MEM one quarter, an
average 10% will switch to MAG5, and another 10% will switch to D5MR the next quarter. Set up
a brand switching matrix describing this consumer behaviour.
A.
1
1
1
]
1
1 0 0
2 1 0
5 3 1
(b)
1
1
1
]
1
0 0 0 0
4 1 0 0
1 2 - 2 - 1
(c)
1
1
1
1
]
1
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
2 1 0 0
4 - 2 3 - 1
A.(a) inconsistent (b) consistent, solution is 9+2t,t,4 for any real number t
(c) inconsistent
Q.26. Use a Gauss Jordan reduction of the appropriate matrix to find all the solutions to the given
system of linear equations, if any exist.
(a) x+y+z=0, x-y+z=0, x-3y+z=0 A.(-t,0,t) for t
(b) x-y+z=0, 2x+3y-5z=0, 3x+2y-4z=0 A. (2t,7t,5t) for t
(c) x+y=w, w+x=y, w+z=2x, x-y=z A. (0,t,-t,t) for t
(d) x-2y-2z=-1, 2x+3y-z=1,x+y-z=0 A. (1,0,1)
(e) x-y-z=3, 2x-2y+3z=5 A.
,
_
+
5
1
, ,
5
5 14
t
t
for t
(f) x+2y-2z=0, 3x-y+3z=1, 4x+y+z=2 A.inconsistent
(g) u+v-w-x=0,u-v+w-x=0, u+v-w+x=0 A.(0,t,t,0) for t
(h) x-3y+z=1, 2x+y-z=2, x+4y-2z=1, 5x-8y+2z=5 A.
,
_
+ t t t ,
7
3
,
7
2
1 for t
Q.27. Write the augmented matrix for the system of equations:
x-y+z=1, x+2y-z=2, 2x-3y+3z=1
Reduce the matrix to its reduced row echelon form and solve the system, if it has any solution.
A.(2,-1,-2)
Q.28. Use a Gauss-Jordan reduction of the appropriate matrix to find all of the solutions to the
following system of equations, if any exist:
-x-3y+z=1, -2x+y-z=2, -x+4y-2z=1, -5x-8y+2z=5
A.x=-1,y=0,z=0 is the unique solution
Q.29. Use a Gauss-Jordan reduction of the appropriate matrix to find all of the solutions to the
following system of equations, if any exist:
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 7
Prof.Bodhibrata Nag
3x-3y+z+2w=1, -2x+y-z+3w=3, -x+4y-2z+w=-2, 6x-2y+2z+4w=8
A.x=-1, y=3/2, z=53/10, w=8/5 is the unique solution
Q.30. Given that the homogeneous system of equations,
(1-a)x+y-3z=0, ay+2z=0, (1+a)z=0
(a) does not have a unique solution, find all possible values of a; then find all the solutions of the
resulting homogeneous system of equations (b) for what values of a does the homogeneous system
of equations have a unique solution? What is the unique solution?
A.(a)a=0,1,-1; for a=0, x=-t,y=t,z=0, t being any real number; for a=-1, x=t/2, y=2t,z=t; for a=1,
x=t,y=z=0 (b) for all a different from a=0,1,-1, the system has the unique/trivial solution x=y=z=0.
Q.31. Find the value of Rs 1000 deposited in a bank at 10% interest for 8 years compounded (a)
annually (b) quarterly (c) continuously
A.(a) 2144(b) 2204 (c)2226
Q.32. A loan shark lends you Rs 100 at 2% compound interest per week rate. How much will you
owe after 3 years? What is the sharks profit on such a loan?
A. 2196,2096
Q.33. A rich uncle wants to make you a millionaire. How much money must he deposit in a trust
fund paying 8% compounded quarterly at the time of your birth to yield Rs 1,000,000 when you
retire at age 60?
A.8629
Q.34. A Rs 15,000 machine depreciates by 35% per year. Find its value after 4 years?
A. 2678
Q.35. A sum is invested at 12% interest compounded quarterly. How soon will it double in value?
A. 5.9 years
Q.36. Find the inverse of the given functions:
(a) ) 3 x ( 5 ) x ( h A. 3
5
x
) x ( h
1
+
(b) ) 3 x ( 2 ) x ( g A.
2
x
3 ) x ( g
1
(c) 4 x ) x ( d
3
+ A.
3 1
4 x ) x ( d
(d)
3
4 x ) x ( p + A. 4 x ) x ( p
3 1
(e)
3 x
2
) x ( R
A. 3
x
2
) x ( R
1
+
Q.37. Determine the domain of the functions in interval notation:
(a)
2 x
x
) x ( G
A. x2
(b) t 11 5 ) t ( G A. (-,5/11]
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 8
Prof.Bodhibrata Nag
(c)
3 w
5
) w ( P
A. (3, +)
Q.38. Determine whether the function given is even, odd or neither:
(a)
1 x
x 2
) x ( g
2
A.odd
(b) ( )
2
2
x 3 x ) x ( f A.neither
(c)
2
x 2 x ) x ( G A.even
Q.39. Determine the equation of the line described in the form y=mx+b.
(a) The line passes through (2,1) and (-1,-8) A.y=3x-5
(b) The line passes through (2,1) and is parallel to the line 3x-7y=5 A.
7
1
x
7
3
y +
(c) The line passes through (12,-8) and is perpendicular to the line 12x+7y+10=0. A. 15 x
12
7
y
(d) The line is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment with end points (5,10) and (1,-2).
A. 5 x
3
1
y +
Q.40. Determine the functions f+g,f-g,fg and f/g and state their domains:
(a) ( )
2
2 2 4
3 x ) x ( g , x x 2 ) x ( f +
A. ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 4 6 8 2 4 2 4
x 9 x 12 x 11 x 2 x fg , 9 x 7 x ) x ( g f , 9 x 5 x 3 ) x ( g f + + + + +
( )
( )
+
,
_
: domain all ,
3 x
x x 2
x
g
f
2
2
2 4
(b) ( )
2
x
2 x
x g ,
x
3
) x ( f
+
A. ( )( ) 0 x : domain ,
x
2 x 4
x g f
2
+
+ ; ( )( ) 0 x : domain ,
x
2 x 2
x g f
2
( )( ) 0 x : domain ,
x
6 x 3
x fg
3
+
; ( ) 2 , 0 x : domain ,
2 x
x 3
x
g
f
+
,
_
(c)
x
2 x
) x ( g ,
4 x
x
) x ( f
+
+
A. ( )
x 4 x
8 x 6 x 2
) x ( g f
2
2
+
+ +
+ , domain: x0,-4; ( )( )
x 4 x
8 x 6
x g f
2
+
, domain: x0,-4
( )( )
4 x
2 x
x fg
+
+
, domain: x0,-4; ( )
( )( ) 4 x 2 x
x
x
g
f
2
+ +
,
_
, domain: x0,4,-2
Q.41. Find g f o and f g o for the following functions:
(a) ( ) ( )
x
1
x g , x 5 x f A. ( )( ) x g f o =
x
5
, ( )( ) x f g o =
x 5
1
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT CALCUTTA
Qualifying Mathematics (OM 100) Course Problem Set
- Page 9
Prof.Bodhibrata Nag
(b) ( ) x f =
x
2
x
2
, ( ) x g = 1 x
A. ( )( ) x g f o =
1 x
2
1 x
, ( )( ) x f g o =
x
x 2 x x
2 4
(c) ( ) x f = 2 x
2
, ( ) x g =
x
1
x +
A. ( )( ) x g f o =
2
2
x
1
x + , ( )( ) x f g o =
2 x
1
2 x
2
2
+
(d) ( ) x f =
5 x
1
3
+
, ( ) x g =
3
x
x 5 1
A. ( )( ) x g f o = x, ( )( ) x f g o =x
(e) ( ) x f = 3
2
x
, ( ) x g =2x+3
A. ( )( ) x g f o = x-3/2, ( )( ) x f g o =x-3
Q.42. Find f f o for the following functions:
(a) f(x)=2x-1 A.4x-3
(b) f(x)=
2
x 9 A.-|x|
(c) ( )
1 x
1 x
x f
+
A.-1/x
Q.43. Suppose that you are observing the behavior of cell duplication in a lab. In one experiment,
you started with one cell and the cells doubled every minute. That is, the population cell is
increasing at the constant rate of 100%. Formulate an equation to determine the number
(population) of cells after t hours.
A.
t
t f 2 ) (
Q.44. If you start a biology experiment with 5,000,000 cells and 45% of the cells are dying every
minute, how long will it take to have less than 50,000 cells?
A. 7.7 minutes