Notes on Topic 4

The larger the size of a molecule, the stronger the instantaneous dipole. The strength of
permanent dipole depends on the difference in EN. The higher the difference, the higher the
strength
A dipole goes from negative to positive
SO
2
has a permanent dipole because one side is more negative
There is hydrogen bonding in ice
Ionic compounds are the most soluble in a polar solvent. As long as something has a charge
it is polar. The larger the change difference, the more polar the compound is, and the more
ionic it is
When you determine if a molecule is polar, you see if its charges are symmetrical, not its
shape
Hydrocarbons must be non-polar
The difference in EN between C and H is so insignificant that it is non-polar

Compare the boiling point of decane and hexane. Explain why decane is higher than hexanes
Decane has a larger molecular size, hence there is a higher electron density, leading to
stronger instantaneous dipole (since there is more chance of electrons just staying on one
side and inducing an instantaneous dipole)