Maria Elena Rodriguez

What is memory?
The retention of information over time.



Memory and Learning
If learning deals with how experience
changes the brain, memory deals with how
these changes are stored and subsequently
reactivated.

3 Domains
Encoding involves how information gets into
memory.
Storage consists of retention of information over time.
Retrieval takes place when information is taken out of
storage.
Memory Encoding
Rehearsal
conscious repetition of information that increases
the length of time that information stays in
memory.
Verbal or visual
Deep Processing
add meaning to the information. (association)

Memory Encoding
Elaboration
Adds distinctiveness of the memory codes
you come up with some examples of the concept.
(self-reference)
Imagery
Reconstruct the information
Has two ways: verbal code or image code
Types of Memory
Sensory Memory
Holds information for only an instant, not much
longer than the brief time it is exposed to the
visual, auditory, and other senses.
Echoic Memory (auditory sensory memory)
Iconic Memory (visual sensory memory)
Types of Memory
Working or Short-Term Memory
Limited-capacity memory system in which
information is retained for as long as 30 secs.
Long- Term Memory
Relatively permanent type of memory that holds a
huge amounts of information for a long period of
time.









*Memory Consolidation- transfer of short term
memories to long term storage.
Sensory
memory
Short-
Term
Memory
Long-
Term
Memory
Memorys Contents
Declarative Memory
Explicit Memory
Conscious recollection of information, such as
specific facts or events
Can be verbally communicated
Nondeclarative Memory
Implicit Memory
Memory in which behavior is affected by prior
experience without that experience being
consciously recollected
Memorys Contents
Episodic Memory
Explicit memories for the particular events or
experiences of ones life
Ex. Daily life experiences
Semantic Memory
Explicit memories for general facts or information
Ex. Language ability, factual knowledge

Hippocampus
Play a role in consolidation
Temporarily store memories until they can be
transferred to a more stable cortical storage system
Episodic recognition of visual objects
Storage of memories for spatial location
Inferotemporal Cortex
The cortex of the inferior temporal lobe
Involved in the visual perception of objects
It is thought to participate in storing memories of
visual patterns
Amygdala
An almond sized and shaped brain structure
Sits in the brain's medial temporal lobe
Play a role in memory for the emotional significance of
experiences
Cerebellum
Store memories of learned sensorimotor skills
Involved in the implicit memory required to perform
skills

Amnesia
The loss of memory
Extreme memory deficits and comes in two forms
Damaged in hippocampus

Amnesia
Anterograde Amnesia
Forward- acting
Memory disorder that affects the retention of new
information or events
Retrograde Amnesia
Backward- acting
Memory loss for a segment of the past but not for
new events

End