019 WCDMA Call Drop Problem Analysis

Internal
Call Drop Problem

Analysis
ISSUE 1.0
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Call drop analysis is a useful way for

optimization and trouble-shooting.
Following discussion will give general
ideas on this special topic.
HUAWEI Mexico Training Center
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Page 1
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Describe the categories for call drop causes
Describe the flow of general call drop analysis
Analyze common call drop cases
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Page 2
Chapter 1 Principle of call drop

Chapter 2 Analysis of call drop
Chapter 3 Call drop cases
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Page 3
Principle of Call Drop
Content:
Calculation formula of call drop rate on
signaling plane and measurement points.
Calculation formula of call drop rate on
user plane and measurement points.
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Page 4
Principle of Call Drop
There are two types of call drop: signaling plane call

drop and user plane call drop:
Signaling plane call drop means RNC will send the
message IU RELEASE REQUEST to CN after CN
receives the IU connection setup complete
User plane call drop means RNC will send the
messageRAB release request to CN after CN
receives the RAB setup complete
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Formula of Signaling Plane Call Drop Rate

The formula of Call Drop Rate of CS Signaling Plane:
Call Drop Rate of CS Signaling Plane = RNC-originated CS
Domain Iu Connection Release / RNC-originated CS Domain Iu
Connection Setup Success 100%
The formula of Call Drop Rate of PS Signaling Plane:
Call Drop Rate of PS Signaling Plane = RNC-originated PS
Domain Iu Connection Release / RNC-originated PS Domain Iu
Connection Setup Success 100%
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Measurement points of Signaling plane call drop

Measurement points of Signaling plane call drop
Call Drop Rate of Signaling Plane is calculated by counting RNCoriginated Iu connection release
RNC
CN
IU RELEASE REQUEST
IU RELEASE COMMAND
IU RELEASE COMPLETE
A
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Cause of Signaling Plane call drop
Usually, the typical causes for sending the IU_release

message are as follows:
OM intervention
Repeated integrity checking failure
RNC generated signaling connection release
RL out-of-synchronization
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Formula of User Plane Call Drop Rate

The formula of Call Drop Rate of CS User Plane:
Call Drop Rate of CS User Plane = RNC-originated
CS Domain RAB Release / RNC-originated CS
Domain RAB Setup Success 100%
The formula of Call Drop Rate of PS User Plane:
Call Drop Rate of PS User Plane = RNC-originated
PS Domain RAB Release / RNC-originated PS
Domain RAB Setup Success 100%
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Page 9
Measurement points of User plane call drop

Measurement points of User plane call drop
Call Drop Rate of User Plane is calculated by
counting RNC-originated RAB connection
release
RNC
CN
RAB RELEASE REQUEST

A
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Analysis of Call Drop
content
main causes of high call drop rate
troubleshooting of high call drop rate
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Analysis of Call Drop

According to the definition of call drop
measurement point, call drop is usually caused by
the following:
Equipment problem. That is, call drop due to
the equipment defects, such as UE , NodeB,
RNC,CN;
RF problem. that is, call drop due to coverage
problem or unsuitable radio layer parameters.
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Equipment Problem
Call drop arising from equipment problem

Hardware problem
Transmission problem
Antenna and feeder fault
Other causes
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Radio Link Failure

Signaling process chart of radio link failure
UE
NodeB
RNC
CN
Measurement Report
Measurement Result
RL Failure INDICATION
IU RELEASE REQUEST (RL Failure)
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Analysis of Causes of Radio Link Failure

Analyze the causes of the failure of radio links.
The causes can be:
Interference
Internal interference, external interference
and the equipment interference
Poor coverage
Coverage hole, dead zone, isolated island,
uplink/downlink unbalance
parameter setting not proper
radio link timeout counter, handover,
power control etc.
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Radio Link Fault - Coverage
Coverage:
Coverage over shooting
Coverage hole
Signal fading
Incomplete definition of adjacent cells
unbalance of uplink/downlink
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Radio Link Fault - Interference
Interference:
Strong downlink interference (CPICH RSCP is
not low, but Ec/Io is low)
Strong uplink interference. On the basis of the
RSSI scanning result or analysis of the SIB7,
there is uplink interference
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Handover Problem
1
Handover is too late

1)The soft handover threshold is too high or the time-to-trigger
setting is too big.
2) The soft handover area is too small.
Ping Pong Handover
In the handover area, because of the signal fluctuation, the UE

will continually handover between source cell and target cell. For
intra-frequency hard handover, since there are intra-frequency
interferences, call drops are likely to occur; for inter-frequency
handover, since the compressed mode measurement is required,
ping pong handover will bring serious influence on the
communication quality.
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General call drop analysis flow:
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Call drop location analysis
Call drop location analysis: based on the location of

the call drop event in the map window in the post
processing tool, following information can be got:
a. The place of the drop call
b. At the edge of the 3G coverage or not
c. Related cells
d. Distance between related 3G cells and the drop
call point
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Neighbor list analysis
Neighbor list analysis: to find out any cell not defined in the
neighbor list, following information need to be got:
a.Best serving cell before the call dropped
b.Best serving cell after the call dropped
c. Existing neighbor list of the best serving 3G cell
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Coverage analysis
Coverage analysis Analyze the pilot coverage to get
information about:
i) CPICH transmission power
ii) Whether following coverage events take place or not:
a. Coverage limited
b. System interference
c. Poor uplink coverage
d. Poor downlink coverage
e. Pilot pollution
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Coverage analysis
Coverage analysis Analyze the service coverage to get

information about:
a. Service related Maximum downlink transmission
power
b. SIR before the call dropped
c. Max uplink transmission power allowed for UE
d. Actual uplink transmission power before the call
dropped
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Handover analysis
Handover analysis to get information about:

i) Signal strength change of the target call and
the serving cell
a. insufficient handover area
b. too late to start CM
c. too late to add target cell
d. interaction problem among 3 type of
handover
ii) Following cause exist or not:
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Page 26
Signaling analysis
Signaling analysis:
a. Signaling of different interface including: Iu, Iub, Iur, Uu
b. Signaling of different layer including : NAS, RRC
c. In addition, analyze signaling in UE side in conjunction
with signaling in network side.
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Case 1
Fault description: The position of the drop call was not in the
edge of the 3G coverage. The call dropped on cell SC209.
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Case1
Analysis:
1.Poor coverage :from the page shown ,we can find that
1) prior to the drop, the best server for the UE is not the
same as that of the scanner.
2) the CPICH Ec/Io (and CPICH RSCP) degrades for

UE ONLY while scanner shows no degradation.
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Case 1
Analysis:
2:Compared UE data with scanner data, it can be
concluded that the best serving cell is not the signal
strongest cell. The best serving cell should be picked out by
the latest measurement control message and corresponding
event measurement report.
3: Check the latest measurement control message .
Corresponding measurement control shows theres no
neighbor relation between SC209 and SC128.
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Page 30
Case 1
Trouble-shooting
add the neighbor relation between
SC209 and SC128
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Case 2
Fault description : The position of the drop call was in the edge of the
3G coverage, the call dropped on cell SC314, the distance between
cell SC314 was very far away from the drop call point.
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Page 32
Case 2
Analysis
1. analyze the active set and monitor set information
before call drop from UE measurement results
only sc314 in the active set,

no cell in the monitor set.
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Case2
Analysis
2 Analyze the scanner data in conjunction with the UE data
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case2
Troubleshooting
the coverage should be enhanced here
to avoid the call drop in this place
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case2
Conclusion To analyze the coverage, need to:
1)Analyze the pilot coverage in conjunction with the
service coverage
2)Analyze the uplink coverage in conjunction with the
downlink coverage
3)Analyze the scanner data in conjunction with the UE
data
4)Analyze the CPICH RSCP in conjunction with CPICH
Ec/Io, SC
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case3
Fault description: The call drop happened in the area of frequent
change of best server shown by the scanner
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case3
Analysis
1.Compare Ec/Io from both scanner and UE at the time of
the drop: the UE Ec/Io drop to < -18 dB while the scanner
remained above -6 dB :
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Page 38
case3
Analysis
2.Comparing the best servers from the UE and the scanner at the time of drop:
for the scanner and UE SC506 is the best server prior to the drop. However,
before the drop, the scanner selected SC505 as the best server while the UE
continued to have only SC506 in its active set resulting in the drop call.
Immediately after the drop, the UE camps on SC505:
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Case 3
Analysis
3. according the latest measurement control
message, we can find SC506 is in the list. The
drop call is not the case of missing neighbor.
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Case 3
Analysis
4. It seems that the best cell changes from SC506 to SC505
too fast for the UE to perform soft handover on time.
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Case 3
Analysis
As the handover Reporting range of 1A event is 4.5dB,
the hysteresis is 0dB, the delay trigger time is 320ms,
the filter coefficient is 3 (1 second is required), so the
requirement for the handover area is: the lasting time
when (Ec/Io of 506 cell Ec/Io of 505 cell) < 4.5dB is
about 2 seconds . The value in the circle as shown in
the diagram cannot meet the requirement.
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Page 42
Case3
Analysis
Uu Interface messages that 1A event of SC505 was triggered at 54:04:
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Case3
Analysis
But SC506 went bad too severe for the procedure of Active
Set Update to be finished:
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Case3
Troubleshooting
Increase the value of range-to-report
decrease the value of trigger-to-time
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Case3
Conclusion
handover analysis to get information about:
1)the signal strength change of the target call and the
serving cell
2)whether following cause exist or not: insufficient
handover area, too late to start CM, too late to add
target cell, too early to delete serving cell, interaction
problem among 3 type of handover
3)whether ping-pang handover exist or not
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Thank You
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019 WCDMA Call Drop Problem Analysis

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Internal

Call Drop Problem

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Call drop analysis is a useful way for

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

All rights reserved

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Chapter 1 Principle of call drop

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

All rights reserved

Principle of Call Drop

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Principle of Call Drop

There are two types of call drop: signaling plane call

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

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Formula of Signaling Plane Call Drop Rate

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Measurement points of Signaling plane call drop

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

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Cause of Signaling Plane call drop

Usually, the typical causes for sending the IU_release

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Formula of User Plane Call Drop Rate

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HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

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Measurement points of User plane call drop

RAB RELEASE REQUEST

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Chapter 1 Principle of call drop

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HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

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Analysis of Call Drop

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Analysis of Call Drop

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Call drop arising from equipment problem

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Radio Link Failure

IU RELEASE REQUEST (RL Failure)

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Analysis of Causes of Radio Link Failure

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