Introduction Structural Focus Systems Function Structural Systems: Walls Structural Systems: Roof Model-making Process Concept Model Analysis Structure Analysis Conclusion pg 4 ............................................................................................................... pg 6 ....................................................................................................... pg 7 ............................................................................................. pg 8 ........................................................................... pg 10 ......................................................................... pg 11 ....................................................................................... pg 14 ............................................................................. pg 17 ................................................................................................ pg 19 ........................................................................................ pg 20 ....................................................................................................... CONCEPT pg 4 Te suspension of a volume within another. Seeing through concrete heaven, from outside, to inside, to outside -Massimiliano Fuksas For the achievement of the architect was inspired by the vertical design of the church, in keeping with the liturgical celebration of the Mass and the intention was to redefne the concept of a link between heaven and earth through the momentum upward. -Bellaumbria.net pg 5 Site: Via del Roccolo 30, 06034 Foligno PG, Italy Project Year: 2001-2009 Client: Italian Episcopal Conference - Diocesi of Foligno Total area: 20,690 sqm Building area: 610 sqm Parish complex: 1,300 sqm symbol of rebirth - the San Paolo church designed by Massimiliano and Doriana Fuksas in 2009 was introduced after a devastating earthquake locally. It emerged as the winning entry for a competition - proposed for a developing town named Foligno, against a gorgeous mountainous backdrop in Italy. Til present, it functions to serve the San Paolo Parishs Catholic congregation. The 25 metres tall, monolithic, box of a building stands out in strong contrast against the organic backdrop of huge mountains and amongst quaint residential buildings, yet, it manages to blend in with its seemingly modernist neighbours. Cladded in light grey, the concrete and steel church features distinctive light canons on its East and West facades. These structural openings ingeniously control and direct sunlight into the building. To the South, a gentle slope leads to a broad band of clear glass, with a cross marking the point of entry. The interior is a box within a box, position centrally and unifed by a ceiling with three rectangular skylights which alludes to the holy trinity. The interior box is made of lightweight concrete on a steel frame, suspended from structural beams in the roof to hover above the foor at the height of 3 metres. As if personifying the paradox of faith, the San Paolo church is really a complex creation, in spite of staggering simplicity observed at frst sight. Factual reference: http://www.theplan.it/J/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=88 2:complesso-parrocchiale-san-paolo&Itemid=367&lang=en A pg 6 STRUCTURAL FOCUS ROOF WALLS pg 7 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM: WALLS Exterior Wall Materials: - The structure of the external wall consists of reinforced concrete columns with reinforced concrete beams forming the frames. - Styrofoam panels form the walls with reinforced concrete layer sandwiching the Styrofoam panels. - The concrete layers are linked to each other with metal elements. Holes for metal ties Styrofoam Panel Reinforced Concrete layer Column Beam Holes for metal ties Reinforced Concrete layer Styrofoam Panel Column Beam pg 8 Interior Wall STRUCTURAL SYSTEM: WALLS Secondary roof beam Steel Structure Plaster Board Bracket on beam to connect to the steel structure Materials: - The internal walls are supported by steel structure which connects to the roof. - Plaster boards are installed to form the walls. Secondary roof beam Plaster Board Steel structure Bracket on beam to connect to the steel structure pg 9 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM: ROOF Secondary roof beam Main roof beam Roof truss Materials: - The roof consists of 5 main beams and a series of secondary beams. The secondary beams support the hung walls. - The internal elements of the roof are formed by trusses. The roof is fnished with a reinforced concrete slab Main roof beam Roof truss Secondary roof beam pg 10 SYSTEMS FUNCTION Roof External wall Internal wall Light shafts - Barrier to harsh weather - Windbreaker - Provides thermal insulation - Waterproofs building interior - Control excessive lighting - Hold up roof beams - Isolate space for privacy - Provides added insulation - Control and direct sunlight into the main space - Creates an upward momentum - Defne spatial hierarchy Barrier to harsh cold weather - Windbreaker - Provides thermal insulation - Waterproofs building interior (Direct rainwater away) - Control excessive lighting pg 10 MODEL-MAKING PROCESS The walls pg 12 MODEL-MAKING PROCESS The I-beams and trusses pg 13 MODEL-MAKING PROCESS The walls and roof pg 14 MODEL-MAKING PROCESS The skylights pg 15 MODEL-MAKING PROCESS The mock-up model The fnal model pg 16 MODEL ANALYSIS Materials: Failure - Concrete (cement+sand+water) Initially, concrete was used for the construction of wall. However the it was predicted that the heavy load of concrete was not practical due to the large area of walls needed to be built. Other than that, there wereforeseen difculties in controlling the thickness of the internal concrete walls. At the chosen scale, those walls would measure 0.2cm thick which might lead to severe concrete cracks. Success Chipboard Instead of using concrete, chipboard was used to represent the concrete material as it is lighter in weight and could acheive the appropriate thickness needed without compromising in structural stability. Concrete Concrete Chipboard pg 17 MODEL ANALYSIS Construction of light shafts: Slanted light shafts penetrating through the outer and inner walls are angled, therefore, their openings vary in position on both walls. This resulted in a tricky situation as the angles are varied and unknown to the team. Nevertheless, an ingenious solution was found by one of the teammates thereafter. The location of openings on both walls were fgured out by calculating ratios with the formula below:
d1/d2 = D1/D2 pg 18 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS Load distribution: pg 19 CONCLUSION The project has been a success despite several bumps faced along the way. Much knowledge with regards to solid building construction has been gained by the team. Many thanks to Ms Sufna who was supportive of the project and provided effective advice. pg 20 PRODUCED BY: Choo Ai Lin [0317253]; Hiew Yen Nee [0314212]; Kian Soon Jean [0314978]; Leong Carmen [0314953]; Liew Hui En [0314920]; Tan Heng Yee [0314941]; Yong Seh Li [0314345] Building Construction 2 (ARC 2513) Project 2 - Solid Construction