1

NI DUNG
2
1. c tnh chung ca bao b plastic
2. Phn loi
3. Bao b polyethylene PE
4. Bao b polypropylene PP oriented polypropylene
OPP
5. Bao b polyvinylchloride PVC PVDC
6. Bao b Ethylene vinyl alcohol EVOH
7. Bao b polyethylene terephthalate PET
8. Bao b polyamide PA
9. Bao b polycarbonate PC
10. Bao b polystyrene PS
1. GII THIU
3
VAI TR CA BAO B PLASTIC
C ngun gc t du m, rt phong ph v gi thnh thp
C tnh nng s dng cao
Chc nng a dng nh bo qun sn phm cn chn
khng, chng va chm, chng thm kh, thanh trng, lnh
ng, s dng trong l viba
ch
1. GII THIU
4
Nh
m bo
kn
Mm do
hoc cng
vng
Chng thm
kh
Trong sut
hoc m c
Chu c
nhit cao
hoc thp
In n d
dng
1. GII THIU
KHUYT
IM
nhim
mi
trng
Rt kh
ti sinh
1. GII THIU
6
Bao b plastic c th c mt hay nhiu lp vt liu
khc nhau to nn bao b c c tnh ring, p ng
yu cu ca sn phm.
Kt tinh
V nh
hnh
Lin kt ngang
Tng tnh bn
ha, bn c,
chng thm hi
Khng c lin kt
ca cc mch
polymer
Gim tnh chng
thm kh, hi,
cht bo
1. GII THIU
7
2. PHN LOI
HOMOPOLIM
ER
COPOLY
MER
TERPOLYME
R
PLASTIC l
loi polymer
cha 5.000-
10.000
monomer.
2. PHN LOI
9
LOI HOMOPOLYME
R
COPOLYMER TERPOLYME
R
PE EVA
PP EVOH
OPP EAA
PET EBA
PS EMA
OPS EMAA
EPS
PVC
PA
PVA
PC
3. BAO B POLYETHYLENE (PE)
10
Sn phm ca s trng hp kh ethylene thnh mch (-
CH2-CH2-)
c phn thnh 3 nhm chnh theo khi lng ring
LLDPE: Linear low density polyethylene
0.91 0.925 g/cm
3
LDPE: Low density polyethylene
0.92 g/cm
3
;
MDPE: Medium density polyethylene
0.926 0.94 g/cm
3
HDPE: High density polyethylene
0.941 0.965 g/cm
3
3. BAO B POLYETHYLENE PE
11
CU TRC
Mang nhnh
Khng mang nhnh
PHN NG TRNG HP
p sut p=10003000 at
Nhit t= 100300
o
C
Xc nh mch nhnh bng cch xc nh s nhm
CH
3
bng quang ph hng ngoi
Mch polymer qu di s ngn cn s kt tinh hay
ng rn
12
LLDPE so vi LDPE
Cc chui polymer ca LLPDE thng c kch thc ngn
hn, mch nhnh ngn v t hn => to vng kt tinh cao
hn
c trng hp iu kin nhit v p sut thp hn
LDPE 180250
o
C v 6892068 kN/m
2
HDPE
Trng hp p sut kh quyn, nhit 70
o
C hoc
nhit 100175
o
C, p sut 27503450 kN/m
2
MDPE
C tnh nng trung gian gia LPDE v HDPE, rt t c
sn xut trn th trng
13
Tnh cht LLDPE LDPE
Bn nhit 60-70
o
C, chng thm nc v hi tt,
chng kh km, bn ha cao
Kh nng in n km
C th gy mi bao b vo sn phm
trong sut, mm do Cao hn
Chng thm oxy Km Km
Nhit t
nc
: 95-180
o
C
t
min
: -57
o
C
t
hn
: 120-200
o
C
t
nc
: 85-93
o
C
t
min
: -57
o
C
t
hn
: 100-110
o
C
Tnh bn Bn ha, bn nhit, bn
c cao hn
Khng c dng trong
qu trnh thanh trng, tit
trng
T trng Cao hn
Tnh bm dnh Thp Cao , c dng lm lp
hn, dn
14
HDPE
Cu to bi cc chui thng c sp xp song song, c
nhnh ngn v s nhnh khng u
Tnh cng cao, trong sut, bng b mt thp
Bn nhit cao hn LDPE, t
nc
=121
o
C, t
min
=46
o
C, t
hn
=140-
180
o
C
bn c hc cao, sc bn ko, sc bn va chm, bn x
cao hn LLDPE v LDPE
Chng thm hi, nc tt; chng thm cht bo, kh,
hng cao hn LDPE v LLDPE
Kh nng in n cao hn LDPE v tng ng LLDPE
ng dng mng PE
15
LDPE v LLDPE
Dng lm lp trong cng hn dn
Ph bn ngoi cc loi giy, ba cng chng thm
nc, hi
Bao b cha thy sn lnh ng c ht chn khng
Ti ng sn phm tm thi
Bao gi rau, qu theo phng php c ch h hp
HDPE
Lm thng, can cha ng
Np chai l thy tinh
Ti xch thng thng
16
PE NG TRNG HP
Plastic ng trng hp ca PE v cc monomer khc
EVA : ethylene vinyl acetate
EVOH: ethylene vinyl alcohol
EAA: ethylene axit acrylic
EBA: ethylene butylacrylate
EMA: ethylene methylacrylate
EMAA: ethylene methyl axit methacrylic
4. BAO B POLYPROPYLENE (PP)
17
Thuc h polyolefin
PP c sn xut 2 dng chnh l homopolymer v
copolymer vi ethylene
4. BAO B POLYPROPYLENE (PP)
18
C 4 dng cu trc khng gian ca PP
19
TNH CHT
Cu trc dng xon, khng c mch nhnh, xu
hng to vng kt tinh cao. C th ko dn theo
chiu ngang
T trng thp 0.885-0.905 g/cm3
Kh bn nhit : t
nc
=132-149
o
C, t
min
=-18
o
C, t
hn
=140
o
C
Khng c dng lm lp trong hn hay cha ng
thy sn ng lnh
Chng thm kh, cht bo tt
C tnh bn c hc cao, khng mm do, khng b ko
gin di nn c ch to thnh si
ng dng ca PP
20
Bao b mt lp chng thm nc, hi, oxygen
To si dt bao b cha nng sn
Ph ngoi cng ca bao b mng ghp nhiu lp, tn
tnh chng thm kh, hi nc
Kh nng in n cao
c c thnh chai, l ng thc phm
4. BAO B ORIENTED
POLYPROPYLENE (OPP) (tt)
21
Mng PP ci tin, thuc dng homopolymer
c nh hng theo hai chiu trong qu trnh ch to, to
vng kt tinh cao
C TNH
-Tnh bn c hc cao
- D b x rch khi c mt vt ct sn
- T trng tng ng PP
- C trong sut v bng b mt cao hn
PP
-Tnh bn nhit tng t PP
-C tnh chng thm kh, hi cao hn PP
5. BAO B POLYVINYLCHLORIDE
(PVC)
22
Cht nn cho phn ng trng hp PVC l vinylchloride
(VCM) c xem l kh c hi
Mng t vt liu PVC c tnh gin, phi thm cht ph gia
tng tnh chng thm kh v hi
T trng 1.4g/cm
3
; b mt tnh do sau mt khong thi gian
d dng ph gia
VCM
5. BAO B POLYVINYLCHLORIDE
(PVC)
23
C hai dng l vt liu do ha v khng do ha
Vt liu khng do ha
Chng thm kh v du m cao
Khng b h hng bi axit v kim; b ph hy bi dung
mi hu c c bit l chloroform v ketone
To bao b mng ghp tng tnh chng thm kh, bao
b mng co bao bc thc phm ti sng
Vt liu do ha
D nhim mi
5. POLYVINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
(PVDC) tt
24
L sn phm trng hp ca monomer vinylidnene chloride
(VDC) v vinylchloride (VCM), l dng copolymer
c dng ph bin v c tnh trong sut, mm do, bn c
hc, tnh bm dnh tt v tnh chng thm kh cao
VDC
5. POLYVINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
(PVDC) tt
25
Thng c s dng lm lp che ph bn ngoi ca nhiu
loi vt liu khc nng cao tnh chng thm oxygen.
Lun c ghp vi cc loi mng plastic khc tng tnh
chng thm kh
Ch c dng ring lm mng bc rau qu, cc thc n
c tr lnh
6. BAO B ETHYLENE VINYL
ALCOHOL (EVOH)
26
L copolymer ca ethylene vi vinylalcohol, c tnh
cht chc nng gn vi PVDC
C tnh chng thm oxygen tt hn PVDC m
mi trng thp
Tnh bn c cao, trong sut, mm do, chng thm kh,
mi tt, ch to d dng
Thng c dng lm lp bao ph chng thm kh
O2 ca mng ghp nhiu lp hn l PVDC do
Khong nhit s dng rng
T trng thp
Khng b cho l gy nhim
7. BAO B POLYETHYLENE
TEREPHTHALATE (PET)
27
Thuc nhm polyester, l loi polymer c ch to
bi phn ng trng ngng
28
Mng PET c sn xut hai chiu tnh trong sut,
tnh bn c v tnh mm do tng ln.
L dng bao b thc phm rt quan trng to mng
hoc to dng chai l bi:
T trng 1.4
Tnh bn c cao, chu s mi mn, ng vng cao
Tr vi mi trng thc phm
Trong sut
Chng thm kh O
2
v CO
2
tt hn cc loi polyelefin
29
Cu trc ha hc c gi nguyn khi gia nhit n
200
o
C, tnh chng thm kh hi vn gi nhit 60-
100
o
C.
Nhit t
mm do
> 70
o
C lm bin dng co rt mng
Khng b h hng bi dung mi hu c
Chng thm du, m tt
MT S LoI PLASTIC TNG CN PET
PETG
CPET (Pet kt tinh nhanh)
PET v nh hnh
8. BAO B POLYAMIDE (PA)
30
L sn phm ca phn ng trng ngng ca mt loi axit hu c
v mt amin
Tn gi thng mi l nylon
Nylon 6
Nylon 6,6
9. BAO B POLYCARBONATE (PC)
31
Nylon 6 c dng lm bao b ph bin hn so vi cc
loi nylon khc
u im bn nhit, d hn dn nhit v to mng c
bng phng php n p vi cc loi nha nhit do
khc
BON l nylon 6 c nh hng 2 chiu
Chng thm thu kh, hi tt, c dng lm bao b ht
chn khng
Chng thm nc km
Khng th ch to chai, l do khng c tnh cng, vng
Tnh bn c l cao
Hn dn nhit tt
In n tt
Khng b h hng bi cht bo, chng thm cht bo cao
9. BAO B POLYCARBONATE (PC)
32
L loi polyester c trng ngng gia bisphenol A
v diphenyl carbonate
10. BAO B POLYSTYRENE (PS)
33
L sn phm trng hp ca styrene vi xc tc khi
u ca mt peroxide, l polymer v nh hnh
C TNH
-Trong sut
-Tnh cng, vng, gin
-Bn c
-t
nc
= 88
o
C
-Chng thm nc tt
-Chng kh hi km
10. BAO B POLYSTYRENE (PS)
34
c dng lm khay cha ng trng, bnh, thc n
n lin, nguyn liu thc phm ti hay x l
Lm lp lt ca s cho cc bao b ngoi
PS d c nh hng hai chiu vn khng th lm
mng mt lp chng thm kh hi v tnh gin v cng
Kt lun
35
PET, PVC, PVDC v PC c t trng cao s lm tng
gi thnh bao b do din tch b mt thp nht khi ch
to cng dy v khi lng so vi cc loi plastic
khc
OPP, PET, OPS, PVDC, BON c gin di thp
di tc dng ca lc ko
Cc loi plastic chu c p sut u c tnh chng
thm nc cao tr nylon v BON
PET, PVDC, BON, EVOH c tnh chng thm oxi cao
nht
Cc loi LDPE, LLDPE, EVA, OPS v PC chng thm
O
2
km nht