NGHIN CU SN XUT KEO DN G THAY TH KEO NHP KHU

PHC V CNG NGHIP CH BIN LM SN

Nguyn Vn nh, Phm Vn Tin
Trung tm NC v CGCN Cng nghip rng
TM TT
ti tin hnh tng hp v la chn 1 n keo t c cc thng s: Hm lng kh,
nht, pH, lng d Formaldehyde trong keo, p ng c tiu chun s dng phc v cho sn
xut vn nhn to. Thit k v ch to c thit b tng hp keo cng sut nh 100kg/m, thit b lm
kh keo theo nguyn l c c s dng ht p chn khng vi h thng iu khin nhit t ng. Kt
qu nghin cu ca ti xy dng quy trnh tng hp keo U-F.
T kha: Keo Ure- Formaldehyde
T VN
Nhng nm gn y, g rng trng l ngun nguyn liu chnh cho cng nghip ch bin g
Vit Nam. Vi s pht trin ca mt lot cc nh my ch bin g c cng sut ln nh: Nh my g
Tn Mai, Nh my g Cu ung (nay l cng ty Tissue Cu ung); Nh my vn dm Vit Tr, Thi
3
3
Nguyn (cng sut 16.000m sp/nm); Nh my vn si Honh B (cng sut 5.000m sp/nm); vn si
3
3
Qung Tr (cng sut 62.00 m sp/nm); vn si Gia Lai (cng sut 54.000m sp/nm) v rt nhiu cc
c s ch bin g cc tnh pha Nam nc ta ang c nhu cu s dng keo dn rt ln. p ng
nhu cu , mt s hng sn xut keo trn th gii cung cp cc sn phm keo dn vi s lng
tng i ln gi tr hng trm triu USD. Hng keo DYNO (Anh) chuyn cung cp keo cho cc nh my
ln sn xut cc loi vn nhn to (khong 800-1.200 tn/thng). Hng keo Casco Nobel (Thu in)
hay Better Resin chuyn cung cp keo dng sa, dng bt (khong 200-300tn/thng) sn xut
mc (ch yu l dn ngui) vi gi thnh keo tng i cao. Ngoi ra, phi k n mt lng khng nh
keo nhp t Trung Quc v keo do nhng c s sn xut nh trong nc t tng hp, cc loi keo ny
tuy cht lng khng cao nhng li c th trng chp nhn v gi thnh r hn so vi keo nhp
khu.
ch ng trong sn xut ch bin g v lm sn vi cht lng n nh p ng nhu cu
sn phm t g trong nc v xut khu, vic nghin cu tng hp keo Ur - Formaldehyde (U-F) t
nguyn liu ch yu trong nc vi gi thnh thp v cht lng n nh thay th keo nhp khu l
cn thit.
IIVT LIU, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
Vt liu nghin cu
Vt liu
Formaldehyde: Hm lng 36-37%, pH 5,5-6
Ure: Hm lng 25%
Cn cng nghip
NH3: 25-28% v NaOH
Dng c, thit b th nghim
S dng cc trang thit b ch to ca ti
- My o pH cm tay - Model: Handylab pH 11
Khong o pH: -2,00.+19,999 pH
phn gii: 0,001 pH
chnh xc: +0,005/ +0,01pH
Khong o mV: - 1999..+1999 mV
phn gii: 0,1 mV
chnh xc: +0,3/+1mV
C chc nng iu khin chng tri. Hiu chnh t ng 2 hoc 3 im
Mi trng hot ng: Nhit : -10..+550C
m: <90%RH
- My o nht:
Di o t 2 n 300 cP (mPa-s)
c trc tip trn mn hnh
Ni dung nghin cu
- Kho st nhu cu s dng keo v cht lng keo ti mt s nh my sn xut vn nhn to
- Xc nh thng s cng ngh tng hp keo U-F.
- Thit k ch to thit b tng hp keo cng sut 100 kg/m.
- Hon thin quy trnh cng ngh tng hp keo.
- Sn xut th vn dm bng keo nghin cu tng hp.
Phng php nghin cu:

- K tha nhng kt qu nghin cu trc y: Thu thp, tng hp v phn tch chn lc nhng
ti liu nghin cu v keo dn g ni chung v keo U-F ni ring s dng cho sn xut vn dm.
- iu tra kho st tnh hnh s dng keo dn mt s nh my sn xut vn nhn to v chng
loi v cht lng ca keo ang s dng.
- Nghin cu thc nghim: Xc nh cc thng s k thut tng hp keo quy m th nghim. B
tr th nghim 30 m tng hp keo vi 3 t l mol U/F khc nhau (t 1,0/1,6 ; 1,0/2,0 v 1,0/2,5). X l
kt qu thc nghim bng php thng k ton hc.
- Thit k ch to thit b tng hp keo quy m nh
- Hon thin quy trnh cng ngh tng hp keo: Nghin cu xc nh thng s k thut tng hp
keo trong phng th nghim -> Kho nghim quy trnh k thut v sn xut th trn thit b tng hp keo
(100kg/m) -> nh gi tnh hp l ca quy trnh trn c s nh gi cht lng keo, cht lng sn
phm vn dm, hon thin quy trnh.
- Sn xut th vn dm bng keo nghin cu tng hp
Cc thng s nh gi cht lng keo:
+ nh gi cht lng keo U-F tng hp: Hm lng kh, nht, pH, lng d
formaldehyde trong keo..theo tiu chun ASTM 1990;
+ nh gi cht lng keo tng hp quy m sn xut nh (100kg/m): Hm lng kh,
nht, pH, lng d formaldehyde trong keo.
+ nh gi kh nng dn dnh trn vn dm: bn un (MOR), bn ko vung gc (IB), kh
nng trng n, kim tra khi lng th tch, kim tra m vn....theo tiu chun GB/T4897-92; TCVN
7751:2007
+ nh gi s b hiu qu kinh t
KT QU NGHIN CU
Kt qu ca qu trnh kho st, thu thp s liu ti mt s nh my sn xut vn dm v vn si.
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti, nhm nghin cu tin hnh kho st tnh hnh s dng, chng
loi v cht lng keo dn ti mt s nh my sn xut vn nhn to (Nh my vn dm Vit Tr, vn
dm Thi Nguyn, MDF Qung Ninh, MDF Qung Tr v MDF Gia Lai):
Bng 1: S liu iu tra ti c s sn xut
Lng
Cng sut Cng sut
keo tiu
Loi
TT
Tn nh my
thit k
thc t
Hng cung cp keo
th
keo
3
3
(m /nm)
(m /nm)
(tn/nm)
1

Vn dm Vit Tr

3000

1500-2000

200-250

U-F

T sn xut

Vn dm Thi Nguyn

16000

7000-8000

800-1000

U-F

DYNO

MDF Qung Ninh

5000

3000

350-400

U-F

T sn xut

MDF Qung Tr

62000

40000

5000

U-F

DYNO, Better Resin

MDF Gia Lai

54000

50000

7000

U-F

DYNO

Cng ty sn xut 10000 sp

9000-10000
3-4
MUF Casco Nobel
mc Pisico Bnh nh
mc/nm
sp mc/nm
Da trn nhng d liu thu thp trong bng tng hp v nhu cu tiu th keo v cng sut sn
phm ca cc nh my cho thy nhu cu thc t v lng keo U-F s dng l rt ln. Nu hot ng
theo ng cng sut thit k th lng keo tiu th hng nm ca nhng nh my ny s tng ln rt
nhiu.
Hu ht nhng nh my vn nhn to ln u cha c xng sn xut keo, ngun cung cp keo
ch yu c cung cp bi cng ty DYNO. Chnh v vy vic ch ng nguyn liu sn xut v cht
lng ca sn phm ph thuc vo cht lng ca keo do hng cung cp.
Kt qu kim tra thng s k thut v cht lng ca mt s loi keo ang c cc nh my s
dng th hin bng 2.
Bng 2: Kim tra thng s ca keo UF ti mt s n v kho st
Hm lng kh ca
a im
Hm lng formaldehyde t
nht keo
keo
ly mu
do (%)
(mPs)
(%)
Qng Ninh
7,99
40
46,2
Thi Nguyn
3,66
31
49,0
Vit Tr
11,79
49
39,1
6

Kt qu kim tra thng s ca keo UF tng hp trong phng th nghim

Nghin cu tng hp keo U-F phc v trong ngnh cng nghip sn xut vn dm, ti da
trn c s l thuyt v keo dn U-F, k tha nhng kt qu nghin cu trong v ngoi nc, la
chn hng tng hp keo U-F trn c s nha nhit rn.
ti la chn vic thay i t l mol gia U/F lm cn c chnh iu chnh lng ha
cht khc v lm bin s theo di kim tra cht lng ca tng loi keo. Trong qu trnh nghin cu
ti tin hnh tng hp th nghim 3 loi t l mol ca U/F t 1,0/2,5; 1,0/2,0 v 1,0/1,6 (vi s ln
lp 10 ln/1 n), nhm nghin cu a ra c 2 n keo c kh nng tha mn c nhng yu
cu t ra.
Bng 3: Kt qu kim tra keo U-F tng hp trong phng th nghim
Kt qu kim tra
T
Thng s c bn ca keo U-F T l mol U/F
T l mol U/F
T l mol U/F
T
1/2,5
1/2,0
1/1,6
1

Hm lng kh (%)

44

47

53

nht (mPs)

30

25

55

Hm lng Formaldehyd d (%)

2,8

1,9

1,0

pH (bo qun)

7,5

7,5

Thi gian bo qun (ngy)

130

120

120

Thit k ch to thit b tng hp keo quy m nh

Ch to thit b tng hp keo
Thit b tng hp keo l mt trong s nhng thit b quan trng nhm to nhng iu kin cn
thit cho qu trnh phn ng ca dung dch keo nh nhit , tc khuy. m bo c yu cu
v nhit phn ng ca dung dch keo, hin nay c rt nhiu phng php gia nhit v nguyn l gia
nhit khc nhau.
Trong sn xut cng nghip th phng php gia nhit bng hi qu nhit qua h thng ng
xun bn trong lp v thit b. u im ca phng php ny l kh nng iu khin nhit nhanh, rt
c li cho qu trnh iu khin nhit ca phn ng. Tuy nhin phng php ny c nhc im l
thit b tng i phc tp, gi thnh cao. V vy trong gii hn ca ti v kinh ph cng nh quy m
thc nghim (100kg/m) nn phng php gia nhit gin tip bng o nc qua v ni, s dng nng
lng in. Phng php ny c u im l nh gn, d thit k v lp t, ph hp vi nhng thit b
c dung tch nh.
Tc khuy c la chn c nh 35 vng/pht m bo yu cu khuy trn u dung
dch keo trong qu trnh phn ng.
Sau khi tng hp, keo c chuyn n thit b lm c c. Giai on ny nhm nng cao hm
lng kh ca keo bng cch lm bay hi mt phn nc c trong keo lm cho keo c cht lng tt
hn. Mt khc giai on ny cng thc y v loi bt mt phn formaldehyde d trong keo.
Thng s k thut v nguyn l lm vic ca thit b tng hp keo
Thng s k thut
H thng nu keo gin on vi nng sut 50-200kg/m
Dung tch ni nu: 270 lt
Vt liu: Inox chng g
Kh nng gia nhit: Gin tip bng nc nng qua v ni.
H thng cnh khuy 2 tng
H thng o nhit v khng ch nhit t ng
H thng bm lm mt v ni v lm mt sinh hn lin tc
H thng cnh khuy hai tng s dng ng c 2,5kw
Thanh gia nhit bng in vi cng sut tiu th ti a l 10KW
Nguyn l lm vic ca thit b
Cng sut tnh ton thc t ca ni nu l 270 lt vi h thng sinh hn lm mt v hi lu
formaldehyde. H thng ny nhm m bo cn bng p sut trong ni nu v m bo lng
formaldehyde bay hi hi lu tr li ni nhm n nh t l mol gia U/F trong qu trnh phn ng.
Nhit cung cp cho dung dch keo c cp gin tip qua o nc bao quanh v trong ca
ni s dng bng thanh gia nhit bng in vi cng sut tiu th ti a l 10KW m bo tc tng
nhit ca dung dch l 10/pht. H thng gia nhit cng trang b rle t ngu c hin th ng h o nhit
bng mn hnh s gip cho qu trnh iu khin nhit c d dng. H thng ny gip khng ch
nhit nu chnh xc nhm m bo nhit phn ng ca keo.
H thng cnh khuy hai tng s dng ng c 2,5KW qua hp gim tc vi chiu cao ca trc
cnh khuy l 803cm, chiu di cnh khuy 610cm v chiu cao ca cnh khuy l 5cm. H thng ny
m bo kh nng khuy trn ng u dung dch keo ti mi v tr.

V ni c bo n bng si thy tinh nhm m bo an ton v trnh tht thot nhit qua v
ni. H thng lm mt bng nc trc tip c a qua lp v th hai ca ni nu keo.Np ca ni c
thit k hai mt bch c c nh bng bulong v vy rt thun tin cho qu trnh tho lp v sa cha.
Trn np ni c b tr knh quan st v ca thao tc nhm to iu kin thun li cho thao tc vn hnh
trong qu trnh tng hp. H thng bm nc lm mt s dng cho qu trnh lm mt sinh hn lin tc
3
v lm mt keo sau qu trnh nu vi lu lng bm t 4m /h. H thng ng dn nc b tr hp l, to
iu kin thun li cho qu trnh thao tc v vn hnh thit b.

Hnh 1: Thit b
tng hp
keo
1- Gi thit b; 2 - Van x keo; 3 - Thit b gia nhit; 5 - Cnh khuy;
8 - o bo n; 9 - ng h; 12 - Bnh sinh hn
Thng s k thut v nguyn l lm vic ca thit b thit b c c ko
Thng s k thut
Dung tch cha: 50 lt
Thit b bng thp chng g v chu p sut
Gia nhit bng in gin tip qua o nc
Bm ht chn khng t 500mmHg
H thng iu chnh nhit t ng
Nguyn l lm vic ca thit b
Thit b chu p sut m nn dung tch ca thit b c khng ch 50 lt nhm m bo
cng vng v kt cu ca thit b.
Do cu to thit b chu p sut m nn h thng khng s dng cnh khuy trnh vic b
tn tht p sut, nh hng ti kh nng ht chn khng ca bm.
H thng gia nhit gin tip bng o nc bao quanh v ni c nguyn l ging nh thit b
tng hp keo. H thng c rle t ngu to kh nng khng ch nhit d dng vi tc tng nhit
0
1,5 - 2 /pht.
Np ca thit b c lin kt vi phn thn qua mt bch c c nh bng h thng bulng.
To iu kin cho qu trnh lp rp v sa cha. Trn np thit b c b tr knh quan st v ca thao tc.

Hnh 2:
Thit b c
c keo
1 - o cch nhit; 2 - V bn trong ; 4 - Hp iu khin; 5 - Thanh gia nhit ; 6 - Van x keo;
10 - Knh quan st; 11 - ng h; 12 - Ca np liu; 14 - Bm ht chn khng
Kt qu kim tra thng s ca keo U-F tng hp trn thit b ch to
ti tin hnh thit k v ch to thit b tng hp keo (cng sut 100kg keo/m) v thit b
lm kh keo theo nguyn l c c s dng ht p chn khng vi h thng iu khin nhit t ng.
Hai thit b ny hot ng rt n nh trong qu trnh sn xut th nghim keo U-F ca ti.
Trong qu trnh nghin cu, keo c tng hp nhit Tmax = 900C, trong mi trng kim
theo hai n pha ch vi t l mol U/F l 1,0/1,6 v 1,0/2,0. Keo U-F do ti nghin cu tng hp
t c nhng thng s k thut sau:
Bng 4: Kim tra thng s ca keo U-F ti tng hp
Mu 01:
Mu 02:
Mc cht
Keo U-F
n
Keo U-F
Ch tiu kim tra
Keo U-F (t l lng cn i chng
v
(t l U/F
U/F 1,0/1,6)
t
(DYNO)
1,0/2,0)
Hm lng kh
nht
Lng d Formaldehyd
pH
Thi gian ng rn

%
mPs
%

Thi gian sng

47
50
0,96
7,5
75

52
45-47
1,96
7,5
67

48 - 55
50-150
<3
7-7,5
60

49
50
3,66
7,5
65

Ngy

105

98

>100

40-50

5. Kt qu sn xut th nghim vn dm s dng keo U-F tng hp c

ti sn xut th nghim to vn dm cng nghip vi kch thc vn 1220 x 2440mm, trn
cc thit b hin c ca xng sn xut th nghim thuc Trung tm Nghin cu thc nghim v chuyn
giao cng ngh cng nghip rng - Trng i hc Lm nghip.

Nghin cu, la chn

cng ngh sn xut vn
dm

p vn sn xut
(1220 x 2440 mm)

Kim tra cc tnh

cht ca vn

So snh vi tnh cht

ca
vn dm thng
Hnh 3: Quy trnh nghin cu p vn dm cng
nghip
2
Thng s to vn p: Kch thc vn 1220x2440x16mm, p lc p (P): 24,
kgf/cm
thng
Kt lun

Nhit p (T): 1400C, Thi gian p: (

= 1;

= 13;

= 45s ;

= 15s)

Loi dm: Trm ta 10 tui vi m dm 10,5%

Keo s dng: loi keo U-F (II) v U-F (III)
Bng 5: nh gi cht lng keo thng qua cht lng sn phm vn dm
Vn dm
g Trm ta
Thng s

Vn s
dng
keo III

Vn s
dng
keo II

Vn dm
g Keo lai
Vn
Vn s
s
dng
dng
keo II
keo III
7,11
7,12

Vn i
chng
(keo
DYNO)

Vn i
chng
(keo
DYNO)

Vn
dm
loi A
(GB)

m vn (%)
11,58
11,27
11,51
8,65
8-12
Chiu dy vn
13 15,49
15,14
15,32
14,74
16,24
15,73
(mm)
20
Khi lng th
0,500,73
0,70
0,67
0,74
0,68
0,69
tch (g/cm3)
0,85
bn un tnh
29,00
24,59
11,6
25,98
23,93
16,15
15
(MPa)
bn ko
0,48
0,36
0,28
0,47
0,45
0,43
0,35
vung gc (MPa)
Kh nng trng
8,15
9,73
12,9
7,75
7,58
18,48
8,0
n (%)
Bng 6: So snh bn c hc ca vn dm s dng keo U-F
(Theo tiu chun GB/T 4897-92)

Vn
dm
thng
dng
(TCVN)
5-13
16-19
0,650,75
> 11,5
0,24
<14

T bng
5 v 6 cho
thy, vn dm
cng nghip
do ti th nghim trn keo UF t tng hp m bo yu cu v tnh cht c vt l ca vn dm thng
dng theo tiu chun TCVN 7754: 2007.
Keo U-F ca ti tng hp hon ton c th trin khai thc hin trn quy m cng nghip vi
nng sut 100 kg keo/m v m bo nhng yu cu k thut cakeo U-F s dng trong cng nghip
sn xut vn dm.
nh gi hiu qu kinh t
Sau khi sn xut th 700kg keo/10 m keo U-F trn thit b ca ti. ti tnh ton s b
v nhng chi ph v nguyn vt liu, nng lng tiu tn v nhn cng nh sau:
Bng 7: nh gi s b n gi sn xut ca 1kg keo U-F ca ti
Gi thnh /kg keo (VN)
Kinh
T l
Tng
Keo
n
ph/m
gim gi
Keo
Keo
Khi
n
lng
t
Ha Cht
gi
tng
so vi
UF
U-F
Lng
v
keo/m
nhn
(VN)
hp
keo
ca
ca
(Kg)
sn
(VN)
DYNO
ti
DYNO
xut
55
7.109 6.400 - 9.100
22%
Amnic
1,5
Lt
10.000
15.000

7.000
Ure*
15
Kg
4.700
70.500
Formaldehyde*
40
Lt
5.600
224.000
NaOH
0,3
Lt
5.000
1,5
in
20
Kw
2.000
40.000
Nhn cng
1
Cng 40.000
40.000
Tng
391.400
* Gi ha cht c ly ti Tng kho ha cht c Giang - Gia Lm theo n gi bn l.
Gi trn cha bao gm nhng chi ph khu hao my mc, thit b, nh xng v nhng chi ph
kinh doanh cng nh cc chi ph khc.
Qua so snh gia n gi sn xut 1kg keo ca ti vi n gi ca keo U-F do hng keo
DYNO (Thy in) cung cp, ng thi tham kho gi ca mt s loi keo U-F hin c trn th trng.
Gi thnh sn xut 1kg keo ca ti tuy cha c tnh cnh tranh i vi nhng loi keo t tng hp
hin c khc. Tuy nhin li c nhng u im hn hn nh cht lng dn dnh, t l formaldehyde
trong keo. i vi keo U-F ca hng DYNO th gi thnh li c phn cnh tranh hn (gim c 22% gi
thnh so vi keo UF ca DYNO). iu ny cho thy nu p dng nhng nghin cu ca ti vo sn
xut keo U-F s dng cho vn dm quy m cng nghip l tng i kh thi. V khi n gi ca ha
cht s dng cng nh nhng chi ph v nng lng, nhn cng cng nh khu hao thit b v nhng
chi ph khc s c gim i ng k, to iu kin thun li cho vic h gi thnh sn phm.
KT LUN
Keo U-F do ti tng hp c nhng tnh cht k thut hon ton ph hp vi cng ngh sn
xut vn dm.
Keo U-F c hm lng formaldehyde t do trong keo thp hn nhiu so vi nhng keo cng loi
hin c trn th trng v c thi gian sng lu hn.
Gi thnh ca keo U-F tuy cha gim nhiu so vi cc loi keo TQ v cc loi keo t nhn trn
thi trng nhng so vi keo U-F ca hng DYNO thi gim nhiu.
Cc ch s v bn c vt l ca vn dm sn xut hon ton ph hp vi cc ch s ca vn
khi thc hin trn quy m th nghim. iu ny cho thy s n nh ca keo khi s dng vo cng nghip
sn xut vn dm l rt cao.
Keo U-F ca ti tng hp hon ton c th trin khai thc hin trn quy m cng nghip vi
s lng ln v m bo nhng yu cu k thut ca keo U-F s dng trong cng nghip sn xut vn
dm.
KIN NGH
Tip tc nghin cu mt s loi keo bin tnh t keo U-F nhm nng cao nhng tnh cht ca
keo (kh nng chng m, kh nng chm chy) vi mc ch m rng phm vi ng dng ca keo U-F.
Tip tc kho nghim quy trnh tng hp keo v to vn trn quy m sn xut.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Trn Vn Ch, 2006. Nghin cu s dng g Keo tai tng vo sn xut vn LVL. Tp ch Nng
nghip v pht trin nng thn, s 8.
2. Trn Vn Ch, 2007. Nghin cu to keo ure formaldehyde c bit dng trong cng ngh sn
xut vn Laminated veneer lumber. Tp ch Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn, s 15.
3. Phm Vn Chng, 1993. Keo dn g cho cng ngh sn xut vn dm. Trng i hc Lm
nghip, H Ni.
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nghip.
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ADHESIVE PRODUCTION RESEARCH AS IMPORT SUBSTITUTION FOR FOREST PRODUCT
PROCESSING INDUSTRY
Nguyen Van Dinh, Pham Van Tien
Research Center for Forest Industry
SUMMARY
The research developed a synthetic process of Urea Formaldehyde adhesives. The produced UF formula
can meet standard UF criteria used for wood based panel such as: dry content, viscosity, pH, residual
formaldehyde in adhesives. In this research an adhesive synthesis equipment with 100kg capacity and
the condensed drying equipment using vacuum with automatic control was designed and built.
Keywords: Ure Formaldehyde Adhesive
Ngi thm nh: GS.TS. H Chu Ch