Chapter 14 Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases: Chemistry, 6E (Mcmurry/Fay)

Chemistry, 6e (McMurry/Fay)
Chapter 14 Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases

14.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) An Arrhenius acid is best defined as a
A) hydroxide donor.
B) proton acceptor.
C) substance that dissociates in water to produce aqueous hydroen ions.
!) substance that dissociates in water to produce aqueous hydroxide ions.
Answer" C
#opic" $ection 14.1 Acid-Base Concepts" #he Bronsted-%owry #heory
&) 'hen dissol(ed in water) which of the followin co*pounds is an Arrhenius acid+
A) ,C-
B) -a.,
C) -a/
!) C,
0
C,
&
.,
Answer" A
0) An Arrhenius base is best defined as a
A) proton donor.
B) hydroxide acceptor.
C) substance that dissociates in water to produce aqueous hydroen ions.
!) substance that dissociates in water to produce aqueous hydroxide ions.
Answer" !
4) 'hen dissol(ed in water) which of the followin co*pounds is an Arrhenius base+
A) C,
0
.,
B) ,.Cl
C) 1.,
!) 1Cl
Answer" C
2) A Brnsted-%owry acid is best defined as a substance that can
A) accept a hydroxide ion.
B) donate a hydroxide ion.
C) accept a proton.
!) donate a proton.
Answer" !
1
Copyriht 3 &41& 5earson 6ducation) 7nc.
8) 'hich one of the followin species acts as a Brnsted-%owry acid in water+
A) -a,
B) -,
4
9
C) C,
0
-,
&
!) C
8
,
8
Answer" B
:) 7n the followin che*ical equation indicate the reactant that is a Brnsted-%owry acid.
,C-;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 C-
-
;aq)
A) ,C-
B) ,
&
.
C) ,
0
.
9
!) C-
-
Answer" A
<) 7ndicate all the Brnsted-%owry acids in the followin che*ical reaction.
,Cl;aq) 9 ,
&
.;aq) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 Cl
-
;aq)
A) ,Cl) ,
&
.
B) ,Cl) ,
0
.
9
C) ,Cl) Cl
-
!) ,Cl) ,
&
.) ,
0
.
9
Answer" B
=) 'hat are the Brnsted-%owry bases in the followin che*ical reaction+
C
2
,
2
-;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) C
2
,
2
-,9;aq) 9 .,-;aq)
A) C
2
,
2
-) ,
&
.
B) C
2
,
2
-) C
2
,
2
-,
9
C) C
2
,
2
-) .,
-
!) C
2
,
2
-) ,
&
.) .,
-
Answer" C
14) 'hat are the Brnsted-%owry acids in the followin che*ical reaction+
,Br;sol) 9 C,
0
C..,;sol) C,
0
C;.,)
&
9
;sol) 9 Br
-
;sol)
A) ,Br) C,
0
C..,
B) ,Br) C,
0
C;.,)
&
9
C) C,
0
C..,) C,
0
C;.,)
&
9
!) C,
0
C..,) Br
-
Answer" B
&
11) 'hat are the con>uate acid-base pairs in the followin che*ical reaction+
-,
0
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) -,
4
9
;aq) 9 .,
-
;aq)
A) -,
0
) ,
&
. and -,
4
9
) .,
-
B) -,
0
) -,
4
9
and ,
&
.) .,
-
C) -,
0
) .,
-
and ,
&
.) -,
4
9
!) -,
0
and -,
4
9
Answer" B
1&) 7dentify the con>uate acid?base pairs present in an aqueous solution of hydroen sulfate ion)
,$.
4
-
.
A) ,$.
4
-
?$.
4
&-
and ,
0
.
9
?,
&
.
B) ,
&
$.
4
?,$.
4
-
and ,
&
.?.,
-
C) ,$.
4
-
?,
&
. and ,
0
.
9
?$.
4
&-
!) ,$.
4
-
?,
&
. and ,
&
$.
4
?.,
-
Answer" A
10) 'hat is the con>uate base of the Brnsted-%owry acid ,5.
4
&-
+
A) ,
0
5.
4
B) ,
&
5.
4
-
C) ,5.
4
&-
!) 5.
4
0-
Answer" !
14) 'hat is the con>uate acid of the Brnsted-%owry base ,As.
4
&-
+
A) ,
&
As.
4
-
B) As.
4
0-
C) ,
&
.
!) ,
0
.
9
Answer" A
12) 'hich one of the followin can beha(e either as a Brnsted-%owry acid or a Brnsted-%owry base
in an aqueous solution reaction+
A) ,$.
0
-
B) -,
0
C) ,7
!) ,
0
5.
4
Answer" A
0
18) 'rite a balanced equation for the dissociation of the Brnsted-%owry acid ,$.
4
-
in water.
A) ,$.
4
-
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
&
$.
4
;aq) 9 .,
-
;aq)
B) ,$.
4
-
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) $.
4
&-
;aq) 9 ,
0
.
9
;aq)
C) ,$.
4
-
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) $.
0
&-
;aq) 9 .,
-
;aq)
!) ,$.
4
-
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) $.
0
;g) 9 .,
-
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l)
Answer" B
1:) 'hich of the followin Brnsted-%owry acids does not beha(e as a stron acid when it is dissol(ed
in water+
A) ,Br
B) ,Cl
C) ,-.
&
!) ,Cl.
4
Answer" C
#opic" $ection 14.& Acid $trenth and Base $trenth
1<) 'hich Brnsted-%owry base has the stronest con>uate acid+
A) C,
0
C.
&
-
B) C-
-
C) /
-
!) -.
0
-
Answer" !
1=) 'hich Brnsted-%owry acid has the stronest con>uate base+
A) ,Br
B) ,Cl.
4
C) ,/
!) ,7
Answer" C
&4) 'hat is the stronest Brnsted-%owry acid in the che*ical reaction shown below+
& ,-.
0
;aq) 9 Ba;.,)
&
;aq) @ Ba;-.
0
)
&
;aq) 9 & ,
&
.;l)
A) ,-.
0
B) Ba;.,)
&
C) Ba;-.
0
)
&
!) ,
&
.
Answer" A
4
&1) /ro* the followin che*ical reactions deter*ine the relati(e Brnsted-%owry acid strenths
;stronest to weaAest).
,Cl;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) @ ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 Cl
-
;aq)
,C-;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 C-
-
;aq)
A) ,Cl B ,C- B ,
0
.
9
B) ,Cl B ,
0
.
9
B ,C-
C) ,
0
.
9
B ,Cl B ,C-
!) ,C- B ,
0
.
9
B ,Cl
Answer" B
&&) /ro* the followin che*ical reactions deter*ine the relati(e Brnsted-%owry acid strenths
,Cl.
4
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) @ ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 Cl.
4
-
;aq)
,-.
&
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 -.
&
-
;aq)
A) ,Cl.
4
B ,
0
.
9
B ,-.
&
B) ,Cl.
4
B ,-.
&
B ,
0
.
9
C) ,
0
.
9
B ,Cl.
4
B ,-.
&
!) ,
0
.
9
B ,-.
&
B ,Cl.
4
Answer" A
&0) /ro* the followin che*ical reactions deter*ine the relati(e Brnsted-%owry acid strenths
,Cl.
4
;sol) 9 C,
0
C..,;l) @ C,
0
C
&
;.,)
&
9
;sol) 9 Cl.
4
-
;aq)
,
&
$.
4
;sol) 9 C,
0
C..,;l) C,
0
C;.,)
&
9
;sol) 9 ,$.
4
-
;sol)
A) ,Cl.
4
B ,
&
$.
4
B C,
0
C..,
B) ,Cl.
4
B ,
&
$.
4
B C,
0
C;.,)
&
9
C) ,Cl.
4
B C,
0
C.., B ,
&
$.
4
!) ,Cl.
4
B C,
0
C;.,)
&
9
B ,
&
$.
4
Answer" !
2
&4) /ro* the followin che*ical reactions deter*ine the relati(e Brnsted-%owry base strenths
,-.
0
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) @ ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 -.
0
-
;aq)
,/;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 /
-
;aq)
A) ,-.
0
B ,
0
.
9
B ,/
B) -.
0
-
B ,
&
. B /
-
C) /
-
B ,
&
. B -.
0
-
!) /
-
B -.
0
-
B ,
&
.
Answer" C
&2) /ro* the followin che*ical reactions deter*ine the relati(e Brnsted-%owry base strenths
& -a,;s) 9 ,
&
.;l) @ & -a., 9 ,
&
;g)
-,
0
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) -,
4
9
;aq) 9 .,
-
;aq)
A) ,
-
B .,
-
B -,
0
B) ,
-
B -,
0
B .,
-
C) .,
-
B ,
-
B -,
0
!) .,
-
B -,
0
B ,
-
Answer" A
&8) #he equilibriu* constant) K) for the reaction shown below has a (alue 1.< C 14
D2
. 7n this reaction
which is the stronest acid and which is the stronest base+
C,
0
C.
&
,;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 C,
0
C.
&
D
;aq)
A) C,
0
C.
&
, and C,
0
C.
&
D

B) C,
0
C.
&
, and ,
&
.
C) ,
0
.
9
and ,
&
.
!) ,
0
.
9
and C,
0
C.
&
D
Answer" !
8
#he followin pictures represent aqueous solutions of binary acids of the type ,A where the water
*olecules ha(e been o*itted for clarity.
&:) !eter*ine the stronest acid of the set.
A) A
B) B
C) C
!) !
Answer" B
&<) Arrane the acids in order of increasin acid strenth.
A) ! E C E A E B
B) ! E C E B E A
C) ! E B E A E C
!) ! E A E C E B
Answer" !
&=) Fsin the con>uate acid-base pairs listed below) co*plete the followin equation with the pair that
i(es an equilibriu* constant K
c
B 1.
GGGGG 9 ,$.
0
-
GGGGG 9 ,
&
$.
0
A) C,
0
C.
&
,? C,
0
C.
&
-
B) ,C.
&
,? ,C.
&
-
C) ,-.
&
?-.
&
-
!) ,-.
0
?-.
0
-
Answer" !
:
04) Fsin the con>uate acid-base pairs listed below) co*plete the followin equation with the pair that
i(es an equilibriu* constant K
c
B 1.
GGGGG 9 ,
&
C.
0
GGGGG 9 ,C.
0
-
A) ,/?/
-
B) ,Cl?Cl
-
C) ,.Cl?.Cl
-
!) ,$.
4
&-
?$.
4
&-
Answer" C
01) 'hat is the eo*etric shape of the hydrated protonH that is) the hydroniu* ion ,
0
.
9
+
A) anular
B) pyra*idal
C) trional planar
!) tetrahedral
Answer" B
#opic" $ection 14.0 ,ydrated 5rotons and ,ydroniu* 7ons
0&) 'hich is not a hydrate of a proton+
A) ,
0
.
9
B) ,
=
.
4
9
C) ,
&2
.
11
9
!) ,
40
.
&1
9
Answer" C
00) An acidic solution at &2IC has
A) J,
0
.
9
K B J.,
-
K B 1 C 14
-:
M.
B) J,
0
.
9
K B 1 C 14
-:
M B J.,
-
K.
C) J,
0
.
9
K L J.,
-
K B 1 C 14
-:
M.
!) J,
0
.
9
K E 1 C 14
-:
M B J.,
-
K.
Answer" B
#opic" $ection 14.4 !issociation of 'ater
04) At 24IC the (alue of K
w
is 2.2 C 14
-14
. A basic solution at 24IC has
A) J,
0
.
9
K E J.,
-
K E & C 14
-:
M.
B) J,
0
.
9
K E & C 14
-:
M E J.,
-
K.
C) J,
0
.
9
K L J.,
-
K E & C 14
-:
M.
!) J,
0
.
9
K B & C 14
-:
M E J.,
-
K.
Answer" B
<
02) Calculate the hydroniu* ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains &.24 C 14
-4
M in
hydroxide ion.
A) 4.44 C 14
-=
M
B) 4.44 C 14
-14
M
C) 4.44 C 14
-11
M
!) 2.44 C 14
-11
M
Answer" C
08) Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains 0.24 C 14
-0
M in
hydroniu* ion.
A) &.<8 C 14
-4
M
B) &.<8 C 14
-11
M
C) &.<8 C 14
-1&
M
!) 0.24 C 14
-1&
M
Answer" C
0:) A solution with a hydroen ion concentration of 0.&2 C 14
-&
M is GGGGGGGG and has a hydroxide
concentration of GGGGGGGG.
A) acidic) 0.4< C 14
-1&
M
B) acidic) 0.4< C 14
-10
M
C) basic) 0.4< C 14
-1&
M
!) basic) 0.4< C 14
-10
M
Answer" B
0<) A solution with a hydroxide ion concentration of 4.12 C 14
-4
M is GGGGGGGG and has a hydroen ion
A) acidic) &.41 C 14
-14
M
B) acidic) &.41 C 14
-11
M
C) basic) &.41 C 14
-14
M
!) basic) &.41 C 14
-11
M
Answer" !
0=) 7f the ioniMation constant of water) K
w
) at 44IC is &.=& C 14
-14
) then what is the hydroniu* ion
concentration for a neutral solution+
A) J,
0
.
9
K E 1.44 C 14
-:
M
B) J,
0
.
9
K B 1.:1 C 14
-:
M
C) J,
0
.
9
K L 1.:1 C 14
-:
M
!) J,
0
.
9
K E 1.:1 C 14
-:
M
Answer" C
=
44) -or*al rainfall has a concentration of .,
-
that is 0.=< 14
-=
. #he concentration of ,
0
.
9
in
nor*al rainfall is
A) reater than 0.=< 14
-=
) and the rain is acidic.
B) reater than 0.=< 14
-=
) and the rain is basic.
C) less than 0.=< 14
-=
) and the rain is acidic.
!) less than 0.=< 14
-=
) and the rain is basic.
Answer" A
41) ,u*an tears ha(e a concentration of ,
0
.
9
that is 0.18 14
-<
. #he concentration of .,
-
in hu*an
tears is
A) reater than 0.18 14
-:
and tears are acidic.
B) reater than 0.18 14
-:
and tears are basic.
C) less than 0.18 14
-:
and tears are acidic.
!) less than 0.18 14
-:
and tears are basic.
Answer" B
4&) An acidic solution at &2IC will ha(e a hydroniu* ion concentration GGGGGGGG and a p, (alue
GGGGGGGG.
A) J,
0
.
9
K B 1 C 14
-:
M) p, B :.44
B) J,
0
.
9
K B 1 C 14
-:
M) p, E :.44
C) J,
0
.
9
K E 1 C 14
-:
M) p, B :.44
!) J,
0
.
9
K E 1 C 14
-:
M) p, E :.44
Answer" B
#opic" $ection 14.2 #he p, $cale
40) 7f the ioniMation constant of water) K
w
) at 44IC is &.=& C 14
-14
) then what is the hydroniu* ion
concentration and p, for an acidic solution+
A) J,
0
.
9
K B 1.:1 C 14
-:
M and p, B 8.::
B) J,
0
.
9
K B 1.:1 C 14
-:
M and p, E 8.::
C) J,
0
.
9
K E 1.:1 C 14
-:
M and p, B 8.::
!) J,
0
.
9
K E 1.:1 C 14
-:
M and p, E 8.::
Answer" B
44) Calculate the p, for an aqueous solution of acetic acid that contains &.12 C 14
-0
M hydroniu* ion.
A) 4.82 C 14
-1&
B) &.12 C 14
-0
C) &.8:
!) 11.00
Answer" C
14
42) Calculate the p, for an aqueous solution of pyridine that contains &.12 C 14
-4
M hydroxide ion.
A) 4.82 C 14
-11
B) &.12 C 14
-4
C) 0.8:
!) 14.00
Answer" !
48) 'hat is the hydroxide ion concentration and the p, for a hydrochloric acid solution that has a
hydroniu* ion concentration of 1.24 C 14
-4
M+
A) 8.8: C 14
-14
M) 4.<&
B) 8.8: C 14
-14
M) =.1<
C) 8.8: C 14
-11
M) 0.<&
!) 8.8: C 14
-11
M) 14.1<
Answer" C
4:) 'hat is the hydroniu* ion concentration and the p, for an aqueous solution of -,
0
that has a
hydroxide ion concentration of &.&2 C 14
-0
M+
A) 4.44 C 14
-11
M) 0.82
B) 4.44 C 14
-11
M) 14.02
C) 4.44 C 14
-1&
M) &.82
!) 4.44 C 14
-1&
M) 11.02
Answer" !
4<) 'hat is the hydroniu* ion concentration of an acid rain sa*ple that has a p, of 0.12+
A) 1.41 C 14
-11
M
B) :.4< C 14
-4
M
C) 0.12 M
!) 14.<2 M
Answer" B
4=) 'hat is the hydroxide ion concentration of a lye solution that has a p, of 11.&4+
A) 8.01 C 14
-1&
M
B) 1.2< C 14
-0
M
C) &.<4 M
!) 11.&4 M
Answer" B
11
24) 'hat state*ent is *ost consistent for an acid with a p, L 0+
A) one one-hundredth as stron as an acid with a p, of 2
B) half a stron as an acid with a p, L 2
C) twice as stron as an acid with a p, of 2
!) one hundred ti*es as stron as an acid with a p, L 2
Answer" !
21) At &2IC) the p, of a (inear solution is &.84. 'hat are the (alues of J,
0
.
9
K and J.,
-
K in the
solution+
A) 0.== C 14
-1&
M) &.21 C 14
-0
M
B) &.21 C 14
-0
M) 0.=< C 14
-1&
M
C) &.21 C 14
-0
M) 11.44 M
!) &.84 M) 11.44 M
Answer" B
2&) 'hat is the approxi*ate p, of a solution N that i(es the followin responses with the indicators
shown+
Indicators HIn In
- pH range
Solution X
*ethyl orane red-yellow 0.&-4.4 yellow
*ethyl red red-yellow 4.<-8.4 yellow
bro*othy*ol blue yellow-blue 8.4-:.8 reen
phenolphthalein colorless-pinA <.&-14.4 colorless
A) 0.& - 4.4
B) 4.< - 8.4
C) 8.4 - :.8
!) <.& - 14.4
Answer" C
#opic" $ection 14.8 Measurin p,
1&
20) 'hat is the approxi*ate p, of a solution N that i(es the followin responses with the indicators
shown+
Indicators HIn In
- pH range
Solution X
*ethyl red red-yellow 4.<-8.4 orane
bro*othy*ol blue yellow-blue 8.4-:.8 yellow
phenolphthalein colorless-pinA <.&-14.4 colorless
A) 0.& - 4.4
B) 4.< - 8.4
C) 8.4 - :.8
!) <.& - 14.4
Answer" B
24) 'hat is the approxi*ate p, of a solution N that i(es the followin responses with the indicators
shown+
Indicators HIn In- pH range Solution X
*ethyl red red-yellow 4.<-8.4 yellow
bro*othy*ol blue yellow-blue 8.4-:.8 blue
phenolphthalein colorless-pinA <.&-14.4 pinA
A) 4.< - 8.4
B) 8.4 - :.8
C) :.8 - <.&
!) B <.&
Answer" !
22) 'hat is the p, of a 4.4&4 M ,Cl.
4
solution+
A) 4.4&4
B) 4.444
C) 1.:4
!) 1&.04
Answer" C
#opic" $ection 14.: #he p, in $olutions of $tron Acids and $tron Bases
10
28) 'hat is the p, of a 4.4&4 M Ob., solution+
A) 4.4&4
B) 4.444
C) 1.:4
!) 1&.04
Answer" !
2:) 'hat is the p, of a 4.4&4 M Ba;.,)
&
solution+
A) 1.44
B) 1.:4
C) 1&.04
!) 1&.84
Answer" !
2<) 'hat is the p, of a solution prepared by dissol(in 4.12 ra* of solid Ca. ;li*e) in enouh water
to *aAe &.44 % of aqueous Ca;.,)
&
;li*ewater)+
Ca.;s) 9 ,
&
.;l) @ Ca
&9
;aq) 9 & .,
-
;aq)
A) &.2:
B) &.<:
C) 11.10
!) 11.40
Answer" !
2=) 'hat is the p, of a solution prepared by dilutin &2.44 *% of 4.14 M ,Cl with enouh water to
produce a total (olu*e of 144.44 *%+
A) 1.44
B) 1.84
C) &.44
!) 0.&4
Answer" B
84) 'hat is the p, of a solution prepared by dilutin &2.44 *% of 4.4&4 M Ba;.,)
&
with enouh water
to produce a total (olu*e of &24.44 *%+
A) &.44
B) &.:4
C) 11.04
!) 11.84
Answer" !
14
81) 'hat is the p, of a solution *ade by *ixin 144.44 *% of 4.&4 M ,Cl with 24.44 *% of 4.14 M
,Cl+ Assu*e that the (olu*es are additi(e.
A) 4.12
B) 4.2&
C) 4.:<
!) 1.:4
Answer" C
8&) 'hat is the p, of a solution *ade by *ixin 144.4 *% of 4.14 M ,-.
0
) 24.4 *% of 4.&4 M ,Cl)
and 144.4 *% of water+ Assu*e that the (olu*es are additi(e.
A) 4.04
B) 4.<&
C) 1.44
!) 1.14
Answer" !
80) 'hat is the p, of a solution prepared by *ixin 144.44 *% of 4.4&4 M Ca;.,)
&
with 24.44 *% of
4.144 M -a.,+ Assu*e that the (olu*es are additi(e.
A) 1&.8:
B) 1&.:<
C) 1&.=2
!) 10.&2
Answer" B
84) 'hat is the equilibriu* constant expression ;1
a
) for the acid dissociation of hydrocyanic acid
,C-+ #he equation of interest is
,C-;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 C-
-
;aq).
A) K
a
L ;J,
0
.
9
KJC-
-
K)?;J,C-KJ,
&
.K)
B) K
a
L ;J,
0
.
9
KJC-
-
K)?;J,C-K)
C) K
a
L ;J,C-KJ,
&
.K)?;J,
0
.
9
KJC-
-
K)
!) K
a
L ;J,C-K)?;J,
0
.
9
KJC-
-
K)
Answer" B
#opic" $ection 14.< 6quilibria in $olutions of 'eaA Acids
12
82) 'hat is the equilibriu* constant expression ;K
a
) for the acid dissociation of nitrous acid ,-.
&
+
#he equation of interest is
,-.
&
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 -.
&
-
;aq).
A) K
a
L ;J,
0
.
9
KJ-.
&
-
K)?;J,-.
&
KJ,
&
.K)
B) K
a
L ;J,
0
.
9
KJ-.
&
-
K)?;J,-.
&
K)
C) K
a
L ;J,-.
&
KJ,
&
.K)?;J,
0
.
9
KJ-.
&
-
K)
!) K
a
L ;J,-.
&
K)?;J,
0
.
9
KJ-.
&
-
K)
Answer" B
88) !eter*ine the acid dissociation constant for a 4.14 M acetic acid solution that has a p, of &.<:.
Acetic acid is a weaA *onoprotic acid and the equilibriu* equation of interest is
C,
0
C..,;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 C,
0
C.&
0
-
;aq)
A) 1.0 C 14
-&

B) 1.0 C 14
-0
C) 1.< C 14
-2

!) 1.< C 14
-8
Answer" C
8:) !eter*ine the acid dissociation constant for a 4.414 M nitrous acid solution that has a p, of &.:4.
-itrous acid is a weaA *onoprotic acid and the equilibriu* equation of interest is
,-.
&
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 -.
&
-
;aq).
A) <.4 C 14
-0
B) &.4 C 14
-0
C) 2.4 C 14
-4
!) 4.4 C 14
-4
Answer" C
8<) !eter*ine the acid dissociation constant for a 4.4&4 M for*ic acid solution that has a p, of &.:4.
/or*ic acid is a weaA *onoprotic acid and the equilibriu* equation of interest is
,C..,;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 ,C.
&
-
;aq).
A) 1.< C 14
-0
B) 1.< C 14
-4
C) 0.8 C 14
-4
!) 0.8 C 14
-2
Answer" B
18
8=) #he p, of 4.&22 M ,C- is 4.=2. 'hat is the (alue of K
a
for hydrocyanic acid+
A) 1.0 C 14
-14
B) 4.= C 14
-14
C) 1.1 C 14
-2
!) 4.4 C 14
-2
Answer" B
:4) #he p, of 4.124 M C,
0
C.
&
,) acetic acid) is &.:<. 'hat is the (alue of K
a
for acetic acid+
A) &.< C 14
-8
B) 1.= C 14
-2
C) 1.: C 14
-0
!) 1.1 C 14
-&
Answer" B
:1) 'hat is the stronest *onoprotic acid of the followin set if all the acids are at 4.144 M
concentration+
A) hydrofluoric acid with K
a
L 0.2 C 14
-4
B) benMoic acid with K
a
L 8.2 C 14
-2
C) acetic acid with K
a
L 1.< C 14
-2
!) hypochlorous acid with K
a
L 0.2 C 14
-<
Answer" A
:&) 'hat is the hydroniu* ion concentration of a 4.144 M acetic acid solution with a K
a
L 1.< C 14
-2
+
#he equation for the dissociation of acetic acid is"
C,
0
C.
&
,;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 C,
0
C.
&
-
;aq).
A) 1.0 C 14
-&
M
B) 4.& C 14
-&
M
C) 1.0 C 14
-0
M
!) 4.& C 14
-0
M
Answer" C
#opic" $ection 14.= Calculatin 6quilibriu* Concentrations in $olutions of 'eaA Acids
:0) 'hat is the hydroniu* ion concentration of a 4.144 M hypochlorous acid solution with
K
a
L 0.2 C 14
-<
+ #he equation for the dissociation of hypochlorous acid is"
,.Cl;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 .Cl
-
;aq).
A) 1.= C 14
-4
B) 2.= C 14
-4
C) 1.= C 14
-2
!) 2.= C 14
-2
Answer" !
1:
:4) 5ara-A*inobenMoic acid ;5ABA)) p-,
&
-C
8
,
4
;C..,)) is used in so*e sunscreens and hair
conditionin products. Calculate the p, of an aqueous solution with J5ABAK L 4.404 M and
K
a
L &.& C 14
-2
.
A) 1.2&
B) 0.4=
C) 4.88
!) 8.1<
Answer" B
:2) A tablet containin 244.4 * of aspirin ;acetylsalicylic acid or ,C
=
,
:
.
4
) was dissol(ed in enouh
water to *aAe 144 *% of solution. Pi(en that K
a
L 0.4 C 14
D4
for aspirin) what is the p, of the
solution+
A) 1.2:
B) &.24
C) 0.2&
!) 2.4<
Answer" B
:8) BenMoic acid ;C
8
,
2
C.
&
, L ,BM) solutions are so*eti*es used in experi*ents to deter*ine the
*olarity of a basic solution of unAnown concentration. 'hat is the p, of a 4.144 M solution of benMoic
acid if K
a
L 8.2 C 14
D2
and the equilibriu* equation of interest is
,BM;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
9 BM
-
;aq)+
A) 1.44
B) &.2=
C) 4.1=
!) 2.1=
Answer" B
::) 5otassiu* hydroen phthalate ;*olar *ass L &44.& ?*ol) is one of the *ost co**only used acids
for standardiMin solutions containin bases. 1,5 is a *onoprotic weaA acid with K
a
L 0.=1 C 14
D8
.
Calculate the p, of the solution that results when 4.44 of 1,5 is dissol(ed in enouh water to produce
&2.4 *% of solution.
A) &.14
B) 0.&8
C) 4.04
!) 2.41
Answer" B
1<
:<) Qinear is a 2.4R solution by weiht of acetic acid ;C,
0
C.
&
,) in water. Pi(en that
K
a
L 1.< C 14
D2
for acetic acid and assu*in the density of (inear to be 1.44 ?c*
0
) what is the p, of
this (inear solution+
A) &.44
B) &.41
C) &.<:
!) 4.:4
Answer" B
:=) Qinear is a 2.4R solution by weiht of acetic acid ;C,
0
C.
&
,) in water. Pi(en that the p, for
acetic acid is &.41) the K
a
L 1.< C 14
D2
and assu*in the density of (inear to be 1.44 ?c*
0
) what is
the percent dissociation of acetic acid in (inear+
A) 4.4:R
B) 1.2R
C) 4.4R
!) 2.4R
Answer" A
#opic" $ection 14.14 5ercent !issociation in $olutions of 'eaA Acids
<4) 'hat is the percent dissociation of a benMoic acid solution with p, L &.2=+ #he acid dissociation
constant for this *onoprotic acid is 8.2 C 14
D2
.
A) 4.24R
B) 1.2R
C) &.2R
!) 0.2R
Answer" C
<1) #he percent dissociation of acetic acid chanes as the concentration of the acid decreases. A 144-fold
decrease in acetic acid concentration results in a GGGGGGGG fold GGGGGGGG in the percent dissociation.
A) 14) increase
B) 14) decrease
C) 144) increase
!) 144) decrease
Answer" A
<&) 'hich of the followin are weaA diprotic acids+
A) carbonic acid - ,
&
C.
0
) hydrosulfuric acid - ,
&
$) acetic acid - C,
0
C.
&
,
B) for*ic acid - ,C.
&
,) acetic acid - C,
0
C.
&
,) benMoic acid - C
8
,
2
C.
&
,
C) carbonic acid - ,
&
C.
0
) oxalic acid - ,
&
C
&
.
4
) sulfurous acid - ,
&
$.
0
!) hydrocyanic acid - ,C-) sulfuric acid - ,
&
$.
4
) phosphoric acid - ,
0
5.
4
Answer" C
#opic" $ection 14.11 5olyprotic Acids
<0) 'hat is the second stepwise equilibriu* constant expression for phosphoric acid ,
0
5.
4
+
1=
A) K
a&
L ;J,
0
.
9
KJ,
&
5.
4
-
K)?;J,
0
5.
4
K)
B) K
a&
L ;J,
0
.
9
K&J,5.
4
&-
K)?;J,
0
5.
4
K)
C) K
a&
L ;J,
0
.
9
K0J5.
4
0-
K)?;J,
0
5.
4
K)
!) K
a&
L ;J,
0
.
9
KJ,5.
4
&-
K)?;J,
&
5.
4
-
K)
Answer" !
<4) Calculate the p, of a 4.4&4 M carbonic acid solution) ,
&
C.
0
;aq)) that has the stepwise dissociation
constants K
a1
L 4.0 C 14
-:
and K
a&
L 2.8 C 14
-11
.
A) 1.:4
B) 4.40
C) 8.0:
!) 14.&2
Answer" B
<2) Calculate the p, of a 4.&4 M ,
&
$.
0
solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants
K
a1
L 1.2 C 14
-&
and K
a&
L 8.0 C 14
-<
.
A) 1.&8
B) 1.0&
C) 1.<&
!) &.2&
Answer" B
<8) Calculate the concentration of bicarbonate ion) ,C.
0
-
) in a 4.414 M ,
&
C.
0
solution that has the
stepwise dissociation constants K
a1
L 4.0 C 14
-:
and K
a&
L 2.8 C 14
-11
.
A) 8.8 C 14
-2
M
B) 4.0 C 14
-:
M
C) 4.0 C 14
-=
M
!) 2.8 C 14
-11
M
Answer" A
<:) 'hat is the p, of a 4.14 M ,
&
$e solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants
K
a1
L 1.0 C 14
-4
and K
a&
L 1.4 C 14
-11
+
A) &.44
B) 0.<=
C) 4.<=
!) 2.24
Answer" A
<<) 'hat is the selenide ion concentration J$e
&-
K for a 4.144 M ,
&
$e solution that has the stepwise
&4
dissociation constants of K
a1
L 1.0 C 14
-4
and K
a&
L 1.4 C 14
-11
+
A) 0.8 C 14
-0
M
B) 1.0 C 14
-4
M
C) 1.0 C 14
-2
M
!) 1.4 C 14
-11
M
Answer" !
<=) 'hich of the followin can be classified as a weaA base+
A) C,
0
-,
&
B) -,
&
.,
C) Both C,
0
-,
&
and -,
&
.,
!) -either C,
0
-,
&
nor -,
&
.,
Answer" C
#opic" $ection 14.1& 6quilibria in $olutions of 'eaA Bases
=4) 'hat is the p, of a 4.144 M -,
0
solution that has K
b
L 1.< C 14
-2
+ #he equation for the
dissociation of -,
0
is
-,
0
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) -,
4
9
;aq) 9 .,
-
;aq).
A) 1.<:
B) &.<:
C) 11.10
!) 1&.10
Answer" C
=1) 'hat is the p, of a 4.04 M pyridine solution that has a K
b
L 1.= C 14
-=
dissociation of pyridine is
C
2
,
2
-;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) C
2
,
2
-,
9
;aq) 9 .,
-
;aq).
A) 4.8&
B) <.:&
C) =.0<
!) 14.0<
Answer" C
=&) Aniline) ;C
8
,
2
-,
&
) K
b
L 4.0 C 14
-14
at &2IC) is an industrially i*portant a*ine used in the
*aAin of dyes. !eter*ine the p, of an aniline solution *ade by dissol(in 0.=4 of aniline in enouh
water to *aAe 144 *% of solution.
A) 4.<:
B) =.10
C) =.:4
!) 14.:4
Answer" B
&1
=0) !eter*ine the a**onia concentration of an aqueous solution that has a p, of 11.24. #he equation
for the dissociation of -,
0
;K
b
L 1.< C 14
-2
) is
-,
0
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) -,
4
9
;aq) 9 .,
-
;aq).
A) &.2 M
B) 4.22 M
C) 2.: C 14
-0
M
!) 0.& C 14
-0
M
Answer" B
=4) ,ow *any ra*s of pyridine are there in 144 *% of an aqueous solution that has a p, of =.44+ #he
K
b
for pyridine is 1.= C 14
-=
and the equation of interest is
C
2
,
2
-;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) C
2
,
2
-,
9
;aq) 9 .,
-
;aq).
A) 4.420
B) 4.4&
C) 4.:=
!) :.=
Answer" B
=2) 'hat is the relationship between K
a
and K
b
at &2IC for a con>uate acid base pair+
A) K
a
C K
b
L 1 C 14
-14
B) K
a
?K
b
L 1 C 14
-14
C) K
b
?K
a
L 1 C 14
-14
!) K
a
9 K
b
L 1 C 14
-14
Answer" A
#opic" $ection 14.10 Oelation Between 1a and 1b
=8) A**onia -,
0
) has a base dissociation constant of 1.< C 14
-2
. 'hat is the con>uate acid of
a**onia and what is its acid dissociation constant+
A) -,
4
9
) 1.= C 14
=
B) -,
4
9
) 1.< C 14
-2
C) -,
4
9
) 2.8 C 14
-14
!) -,
&
-
) 2.8 C 14
-14
Answer" C
&&
=:) Methyla*ine C,
0
-,
&
) has a base dissociation constant of 0.: C 14
-4
. 'hat is the con>uate acid of
*ethyla*ine and what is its acid dissociation constant+
A) C,
0
-,
0
9
) &.: C 14
0
B) C,
0
-,
0
9
) 0.: C 14
-4
C) C,
0
-,
0
9
) &.: C 14
-11
!) C,
0
-,
&
-
) &.: C 14
-11
Answer" C
=<) Acetic acid C,
0
C..,) has an acid dissociation constant of 1.< C 14
-2
. 'hat is the con>uate base
of acetic acid and what is its base dissociation constant+
A) C,
0
C;.,)
&
9
) 2.8 C 14
4
B) C,
0
C;.,)
&
9
) 2.8 C 14
-14
C) C,
0
C..,) 2.8 C 14
-14
!) C,
0
C.
&
-
) 2.8 C 14
-14
Answer" !
==) !ihydroen phosphate ,
&
5.
4
-
) has an acid dissociation constant of 8.& C 14
-:
. 'hat is the
con>uate base of ,
&
5.
4
-
and what is its base dissociation constant+
A) ,
0
5.
4
) 1.8 C 14
8
B) ,
0
5.
4
) 1.8 C 14
-<
C) ,5.
4
&-
) 1.8 C 14
8
!) ,5.
4
&-
) 1.8 C 14
-<
Answer" !
144) 'hich of the followin salts are acidic+
A) %iCl) -aCl) 1Cl
B) -,
4
Cl) CuCl
&
) AlCl
0

C) -aC,
0
C.
&
) 1C,
0
C.
&
) ObC,
0
C.
&
!) -aCl) -,
4
Cl) -a
&
C.
0
Answer" B
#opic" $ection 14.14 Acid-Base 5roperties of $alts
141) 'hich one of the followin salts) when dissol(ed in water) produces the solution with the highest
p,+
A) -a,$.
4
B) %iCl.
4
C) M.
!) C,
0
-,
0
7
Answer" C
&0
14&) 7f an equal nu*ber of *oles of the weaA acid ,C- and the stron base 1., are added to water) is
the resultin solution acidic) basic) or neutral+
A) acidic
B) basic
C) neutral
!) #here is insufficient infor*ation pro(ided to answer this question.
Answer" B
140) Arrane the followin 4.14 M aqueous solutions in order of increasin p,"
-a.,) ,Br) -aC,
0
C.
&
) 1Br) -,
4
Br.
A) ,Br) 1Br) -,
4
Br) -aC,
0
C.
&
) -a.,
B) -a.,) -aC,
0
C.
&
) -,
4
Br) 1Br) ,Br
C) -a.,) -aC,
0
C.
&
) 1Br) -,
4
Br) ,Br
!) ,Br) -,
4
Br) 1Br) -aC,
0
C.
&
) -a.,
Answer" !
p,+
A) 17
B) 1Br
C) 1Cl
!) 1/
Answer" !
142) 'hich one of the followin salts) when dissol(ed in water) produces the solution with a p, closest
to :.44+
A) -,
4
Cl
B) Ba.
C) -a,$.
4
!) Ob7
Answer" !
148) Calculate the p, of a 4.144 M -aC,
0
C.
&
solution. K
a
for acetic acid) C,
0
C.
&
,) is 1.< C 14
-2
.
A) &.<:
B) 2.10
C) <.<:
!) 11.10
Answer" C
&4
14:) Calculate the p, of a of 4.144 M 1Br. solution. K
a
for hypobro*ous acid) ,Br.) is &.4 C 14
-=
.
A) 0.12
B) 4.<2
C) =.12
!) 14.<2
Answer" !
14<) Calculate the p, of a 4.144 M C,
0
-,
0
Cl solution. K
b
for *ethyla*ine) C,
0
-,
&
) is 0.: C 14
-4
.
A) &.&&
B) 2.:<
C) <.&&
!) 11.:<
Answer" B
14=) 6qual (olu*es of 4.14 M -,
0
;K
b
L 1.< C 14
-2
) and 4.14 M ,C- ;K
a
L 4.= C 14
-14
) are *ixed
toether. 'ill the resultin solution be acidic) basic) or neutral+
A) acidic
B) basic
C) neutral
!) insufficient infor*ation to sol(e
Answer" B
114) 'hich one of the followin salts) when dissol(ed in water) produces the solution with the lowest
p,+
A) -aCl
B) -,
4
Cl
C) MCl
&
!) AlCl
0
Answer" !
111) 'hat is the identity of M in the hydrate M;,
&
.)
8
n9
that has the 4.14 M solution with the lowest
p,+
A) %i
9
B) -a
9
C) M
&9
!) Al
09
Answer" !
&2
11&) 'hat is the identity of M in the hydrate M;,
&
.)
8
n9
that has the 4.14 M solution with the hihest
p,+
A) %i
9
B) -a
9
C) M
&9
!) Al
09
Answer" B
110) 'hat is the stronest acid a*on the followin+
A) ,/
B) ,Cl
C) ,Br
!) ,7
Answer" !
#opic" $ection 14.12 /actors #hat Affect Acid $trenth
A) ,
&
.
B) ,
&
$
C) ,
&
$e
!) ,
&
#e
Answer" !
A) ,/
B) ,Cl
C) ,
&
.
!) ,
&
$
Answer" B
118) 'hat is the weaAest acid a*on the followin+
A) $i,
4
B) 5,
0
C) ,
&
$
!) ,Cl
Answer" A
&8
11:) 'hich acid of the followin set has the stronest con>uate base+
A) C,
4
B) -,
0
C) ,
&
.
!) ,/
Answer" A
11<) 'hat is the stronest base a*on the followin+
A) Cl.
-
B) Cl.
&
-
C) Cl.
0
-
!) Cl.
4
-
Answer" A
11=) 'hat is the stronest acid a*on the followin+
A) ,
&
$.
0
B) ,
&
$.
4
C) ,
&
$e.
0
!) ,
&
$e.
4
Answer" B
1&4) 'hat is the stronest acid of the followin+
A) ,.7
B) ,.Br
C) ,.Cl
!) All are equi(alent.
Answer" C
1&1) 'hat is the stronest acid a*on the followin+
A) ,7.
B) ,7.
&
C) ,7.
0
!) ,7.
4
Answer" !
&:
1&&) 'hat is the stronest acid a*on the followin+
A) C,
0
C.
&
,
B) ClC,
&
C.
&
,
C) Cl
&
C,C.
&
,
!) Cl
0
CC.
&
,
Answer" !
1&0) 7dentify the %ewis acid that acts as a reactant in the followin reaction.
/e;,
&
.)
8
09
;aq) 9 8 C-
-
;aq) @ /e;C-)
8
0-
;aq) 9 8 ,
&
.;l)
A) /e
09
B) ,
&
.
C) C-
-
!) /e;,
&
.)
8
09
Answer" A
#opic" $ection 14.18 %ewis Acids and Bases
1&4) 7dentify the %ewis acid that acts as a reactant in the followin reaction.
Co;,
&
.)
8
09
;aq) 9 8 -,
0
;aq) @ Co;-,
0
)
8
09
;aq) 9 8 ,
&
.;l)
A) Co;,
&
.)
8
09
B) Co
09
C) -,
0
!) ,
&
.
Answer" B
1&2) /or Cu
&9
and C.
&
) which will beha(e as a %ewis acid toward .,
-
in water+
A) only Cu
&9
B) only C.
&
C) Cu
&9
and C.
&
!) neither Cu
&9
nor C.
&
Answer" C
1&8) 'hich one of the followin is not considered to be a %ewis base+
A) ,
&
.
B) -,
0
C) -,
4
9
!) Cl
-
Answer" C
&<
1&:) 'hich one of the followin is least able to beha(e as a %ewis base+
A) C,
0
-,
&
B) ;C,
0
)
&
-,
C) ;C,
0
)
0
-
!) ;C,
0
)
0
-,
9
Answer" !
1&<) #he co*pound B/
0
can be described as a;n) GGGGGGGG.
A) Arrhenius acid
B) Brnsted-%owry acid
C) %ewis acid
!) %ewis base
Answer" C
1&=) 7dentify the set of %ewis acids.
A) B,
0
) B/
0
) Cu
&9
) C.
&
B) Cl
-
) .,
-
) -,
0
) ,
&
.
C) ,
0
5.
4
) ,
&
5.
4
-
) ,5.
4
&-
) 5.
4
0-
!) C,
0
-
) -,
&
-
) .,
-
) /
-
Answer" A
104) 'hich one of the followin is expected to be the stronest %ewis acid+
A) /e
B) /e
9
C) /e
&9
!) /e
09
Answer" !
&=
7n the followin reaction the unshaded spheres represent , ato*s.
101) 7dentify the Brnsted-%owry acids.
A) ;1) and ;0)
B) ;1) and ;4)
C) ;&) and ;0)
!) ;&) and ;4)
Answer" B
#opic" Conceptual 5roble*s
10&) 7dentify the Brnsted-%owry bases.
A) ;1) and ;0)
B) ;1) and ;4)
C) ;&) and ;0)
!) ;&) and ;4)
Answer" C
100) 7dentify the Brnsted-%owry acids.
A) ;1) and ;0)
B) ;1) and ;4)
C) ;&) and ;0)
!) ;&) and ;4)
Answer" C
04
104) 7dentify the Brnsted-%owry bases.
A) ;1) and ;0)
B) ;1) and ;4)
C) ;&) and ;0)
!) ;&) and ;4)
Answer" B
102) 7dentify the Brnsted-%owry acid?base con>uate pairs.
A) ;1)?;&) and ;0)?;4)
B) ;1)?;0) and ;&)?;4)
C) ;1)?;4) and ;&)?;0)
Answer" B
108) 7dentify the Brnsted-%owry acid?base con>uate pairs.
A) ;1)?;&) and ;0)?;4)
B) ;1)?;0) and ;&)?;4)
C) ;1)?;4) and ;&)?;0)
Answer" B
01
#he followin pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids ,A ;A L N) S) or T)H water *olecules
ha(e been o*itted for clarity.
10:) Arrane the three acids in order of increasin acid strenth.
A) ,T E ,S E ,N
B) ,S E ,T E ,N
C) ,T E ,N E ,S
!) ,N E ,T E ,S
Answer" !
10<) 'hich acid) if any) is a stron acid+
A) All are stron acids.
B) ,N and ,T
C) ,S
!) -one are stron acids.
Answer" C
10=) 'hich acid has the sallest (alue of K
a
+
A) ,N
B) ,S
C) ,T
!) All ha(e the sa*e K
a
(alue.
Answer" A
0&
144) 'hich acid has the lowest percent dissociation+
A) ,N
B) ,S
C) ,T
!) All ha(e the sa*e percent dissociation.
Answer" A
141) 'hich acid solution has the lowest p,+
A) ,N
B) ,S
C) ,T
!) All ha(e the sa*e p,.
Answer" B
14&) 'hich of the abo(e pictures represents a solution of a weaA diprotic acid ,
&
A for which
K
a1
BB K
a&
+ ;'ater *olecules ha(e been o*itted for clarity.)
A) picture ;a)
B) picture ;b)
C) picture ;c)
!) picture ;d)
Answer" C
00
140) 'hich of the abo(e pictures represents a solution of a diprotic acid ,
&
A for which K
a1
L and
K
a&
is exceptionally s*all. ;'ater *olecules ha(e been o*itted for clarity.)
A) picture ;a)
B) picture ;b)
C) picture ;c)
!) picture ;d)
Answer" B
#he followin pictures represent equal (olu*es of aqueous solutions of three acids ,A ;A L N) S) or T)H
water *olecules ha(e been o*itted for clarity.
144) Arrane the acids in order of increasin acid strenth.
A) ,T E ,S E ,N
B) ,S E ,T E ,N
C) ,T E ,N E ,S
!) ,N E ,T E ,S
Answer" B
142) Arrane the acids in order of increasin (alue of K
a
.
A) K
a
;,T) E K
a
;,S) E K
a
;,N)
B) K
a
;,S) E K
a
;,T) E K
a
;,N)
C) K
a
;,T) E K
a
;,N) E K
a
;,S)
!) K
a
;,N) E K
a
;,T) E K
a
;,S)
Answer" B
148) Arrane the acids in order of increasin (alue of percent dissociation.
A) ,T E ,S E ,N
B) ,S E ,T E ,N
C) ,T E ,N E ,S
!) ,N E ,T E ,S
Answer" B
04
14:) Arrane the acids in order of increasin p,.
A) ,T E ,S E ,N
B) ,S E ,T E ,N
C) ,T E ,N E ,S
!) ,N E ,T E ,S
Answer" !
14<) Arrane the con>uate bases ;A
-
L N
-
) S
-
) or T
-
) in order of increasin base strenth.
A) T
-
E S
-
E N
-
B) S
-
E T
-
E N
-
C) T
-
E N
-
E S
-
!) N
-
E T
-
E S
-
Answer" !
14=) Arrane the con>uate bases ;A
-
L N
-
) S
-
) or T
-
) in order of increasin (alue of K
b
.
A) K
b
;T
-
) E K
b
;S
-
) E K
b
;N
-
)
B) K
b
;S
-
) E K
b
;T
-
) E K
b
;N
-
)
C) K
b
;T
-
) E K
b
;N
-
) E K
b
;S
-
)
!) K
b
;N
-
) E K
b
;T
-
) E K
b
;S
-
)
Answer" !
02
124) #he followin pictures represent solutions of three salts -aA ;A
-
L N
-
) S
-
) or T
-
)H water *olecules
and -a
9
ions ha(e been o*itted for clarity. Arrane the three A
-
ions in order of decreasin base
strenth.
A) N
-
B S
-
B T
-
B) N
-
B T
-
B S
-
C) S
-
B T
-
B N
-
!) T
-
B S
-
B NT
-
Answer" B
08
#he followin pictures represent solutions of three salts MAH water *olecules ha(e been o*itted for
clarity. !otted spheres represent A
y-
ionsH ray spheres represent M
x9
ionsH blacA spheres represent
oxyen ato*sH and unshaded spheres represent hydroen ato*s.
121) 'hich picture represents an acidic salt+
A) ;1)
B) ;&)
C) ;0)
!) -one of these
Answer" B
12&) 'hich picture represents a neutral salt+
A) ;1)
B) ;&)
C) ;0)
!) -one of these
Answer" C
120) 'hich picture represents a basic salt+
A) ;1)
B) ;&)
C) ;0)
!) -one of these
Answer" A
0:
124) .f the ele*ents indicated on the periodic table shown abo(e) which for*s the stronest binary
acid) ,
&
N or ,N) where N L A) B) C) or !+
A) A
B) B
C) C
!) !
Answer" !
122) .f the ele*ents indicated on the periodic table shown abo(e) which for*s the weaAest binary acid)
,
&
N or ,N) where N L A) B) C) or !+
A) A
B) B
C) C
!) !
Answer" A
128) .f the ele*ents indicated on the periodic table shown abo(e) which for*s the stronest oxoacid
acid with the for*ula ,
&
N.
0
or ,N.
0
) where N L A) B) C) or !+
A) A
B) B
C) C
!) !
Answer" B
12:) .f the ele*ents indicated on the periodic table shown abo(e) which for*s the weaAest oxoacid
acid with the for*ula ,
&
N.
0
or ,N.
0
) where N L A) B) C) or !+
A) A
B) B
C) C
!) !
Answer" C
0<
12<) $.
0
reacts with ,
&
. to for* ,
&
$.
4
. 'hich picture below correctly represents the cur(ed arrow
notation for the initial %ewis acid-%ewis base interaction in this reactionH what is the %ewis acid and the
%ewis base+
A) 5icture ;1) is correctH ,
&
. is the %ewis acid and $.
0
is the %ewis base.
B) 5icture ;1) is correctH $.
0
is the %ewis acid and ,
&
. is the %ewis base.
C) 5icture ;&) is correctH ,
&
. is the %ewis acid and $.
0
is the %ewis base.
!) 5icture ;&) is correctH $.
0
&
Answer" !
12=) C.
&
reacts with ,
&
. to for* ,C.
0
-
and ,
9
. 'hich picture below correctly represents the cur(ed
arrow notation for the initial %ewis acid-%ewis base interaction in this reactionH what is the %ewis acid
and the %ewis base+
;1) ;&)
A) 5icture ;1) is correctH ,
&
. is the %ewis acid and C.
&
is the %ewis base.
B) 5icture ;1) is correctH C.
&
&
C) 5icture ;&) is correctH ,
&
. is the %ewis acid and C.
&
is the %ewis base.
!) 5icture ;&) is correctH C.
&
&
Answer" B
0=
184) B/
0
and -,
0
undero a %ewis acid-base reaction for*in an adduct. 'hich picture below
correctly represents the cur(ed arrow notation for the initial %ewis acid-%ewis base interaction in this
reactionH what is the %ewis acid and the %ewis base+

A) 5icture ;1) is correctH -,
0
is the %ewis acid and B/
0
is the %ewis base.
B) 5icture ;&) is correctH B/
0
is the %ewis acid and -,
0
is the %ewis base.
C) 5icture ;0) is correctH -,
0
is the %ewis acid and B/
0
is the %ewis base.
!) 5icture ;4) is correctH B/
0
is the %ewis acid and -,
0
is the %ewis base.
Answer" B
14.& Alorith*ic Questions
1) 'hen dissol(ed in water) which co*pound is enerally considered to be an Arrhenius acid+
A) ,

-.
&

B) 1.,
C) %i

/

!) C,
0
.,

Answer" A
&) 'hich Brnsted-%owry acid is not considered to be a stron acid in water+
A) , 7
B) , Br

C) ,
&
$ .
0
!) ,

-.
0
Answer" C
44
0) Calculate the hydroniu* ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains &.24 C 14
- 8
M in
hydroxide ion.
A) 4.44 C 14
- :
M
B) 4.44 C 14
- <
M
C) 4.44 C 14
- =
M
!) 2.44 C 14
- =
M
Answer" C
4) Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains 0.24 C 14
- 4
M in
hydroniu* ion.
A) &.<8 C 14
- 0
M
B) &.<8 C 14
- 14
M
C) &.<8 C 14
- 11
M
!) 0.24 C 14
- 11
M
Answer" C
2) A solution with a hydroen ion concentration of 0.&2 C 14
- 8
M is GGGGGGGG and has a hydroxide ion
A) acidic) 0.4< C 14
- <
M
B) acidic) 0.4< C 14
- =
M
C) basic) 0.4< C 14
- <
M
!) basic) 0.4< C 14
- =
M
Answer" B
8) A solution with a hydroxide ion concentration of 4.12 C 14
- 8
M is GGGGGGGG and has a hydroen ion
A) acidic) &.41 C 14
- <
M
B) acidic) &.41 C 14
- =
M
C) basic) &.41 C 14
- <
M
!) basic) &.41 C 14
- =
M
Answer" !
:) Calculate the p, for an aqueous solution of acetic acid that contains &.12 C 14
-0
M hydroniu* ion.
A) 4.82 C 14
-1&
M
B) &.12 C 14
-0
M
C) &. 8:
!) 11. 00
Answer" C
41
<) Calculate the p, for an aqueous solution of pyridine that contains &.12 C 14
-4
M hydroxide ion.
A) 4.82 C 14
-11
B) &.12 C 14
-4
C) 0. 8:
!) 14. 00
Answer" !
=) 'hat is the hydroxide ion concentration and the p, for a hydrochloric acid solution that has a
hydroniu* ion concentration of 1.24 C 14
-&
M+
A) 8.8: C 14
- 1&
M) &.<&
B) 8.8: C 14
- 1&
M) 11.1<
C) 8.8: C 14
- 10
M) 1.<&
!) 8.8: C 14
- 10
M) 1&.1:
Answer" C
14) 'hat is the hydroniu* ion concentration and the p, for an aqueous solution of -,
0
that has a
hydroxide ion concentration of &.&2 C 14
-&
M+
A) 4.44 C 14
- 1&
M and &.82
B) 4.44 C 14
- 1&
M and 11.02
C) 4.44 C 14
- 10
M and 1.82
!) 4.44 C 14
- 10
M and 1&.02
Answer" !
11) 'hat is the hydroniu* ion concentration of an acid rain sa*ple that has a p, of 0. 42+
A) &.<& C 14
-11
M
B) 0.22 C 14
-4
M
C) 0. 42 M
!) 14. 22 M
Answer" B
1&) 'hat is the hydroxide ion concentration of a lye solution that has a p, of =.&4+
A) 8.01 C 14
- 14
M
B) 1.2< C 14
- 2
M
C) 4.<4 M
!) =.&4 M
Answer" B
4&
10) 'hat is the p, of a 4. 4&4 M ,Cl.
4
solution+
A) 4. 4&4
B) 4. 444
C) 1.:4
!) 1&.04
Answer" C
14) 'hat is the p, of a 4.4 44 M Ba;.,)
&
solution+
A) 1.14
B) 1.44
C) 1&.84
!) 1&.=4
Answer" !
12) 'hat is the p, of a solution prepared by dissol(in 4. 42 ra*s of solid Ca. ;li*e) in enouh water
to *aAe &.44 % of aqueous Ca;.,)
&
;li*ewater)+
Ca.;s) 9 ,
&
.;l) @ Ca
&9
;aq) 9 & .,
-
;aq)
A) &.14
B) &.44
C) 11.84
!) 11.=4
Answer" !
18) 'hat is the p, of a solution prepared by dilutin &4.44 *% of 4.14 M ,Cl with enouh water to
produce a total (olu*e of 144.44 *%+
A) 1.44
B) 1. :4
C) &.44
!) 0.44
Answer" B
1:) 'hat is the p, of a solution prepared by dilutin 144.44 *% of 4.4&4 M Ba;.,)
&
with enouh
water to produce a total (olu*e of &24.44 *%+
A) 1.<4
B) &. 14
C) 11.=4
!) 1&.&4
Answer" !
40
1<) 'hat is the p, of a solution prepared by *ixin 144.44 *% of 4.&4 M ,Cl with 124.44 *% of 4. 14
M ,Cl+ Assu*e that the (olu*es are additi(e.
A) 4. 1:
B) 4. 2&
C) 4. <2
!) 1.:4
Answer" C
1=) 'hat is the p, of a solution prepared by *ixin 144.44 *% of 4.4&4 M Ca;.,)
&
with 24.44 *% of
4. 044 M -a.,+ Assu*e that the (olu*es are additi(e.
A) 10.42
B) 10.14
C) 10.&<
!) 10.2<
Answer" B
&4) 'hat is the hydroniu* ion concentration of a 4. 244 M acetic acid solution with K
a
L 1.< C 14
-2
+
#he equation for the dissociation of acetic acid is"
C,
0
C.
&
,;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 C,
0
C.
&
-
;aq).
A) 0.4 C 14
-&
M
B) 4.& C 14
-&
M
C) 0.4 C 14
-0
M
!) 4.& C 14
-0
M
Answer" C
&1) 'hat is the hydroniu* ion concentration of a 4. 124 M hypochlorous acid solution with
K
a
L 0.2 C 14
-<
+ #he equation for the dissociation of hypochlorous acid is"
,.Cl;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 .Cl
-
;aq).
A) 1.= C 14
-4
M
B) :.& C 14
-4
M
C) &.< C 14
-2
M
!) :.& C 14
-2
M
Answer" !
44
&&) 5otassiu* hydroen phthalate ;*olar *ass L &44.& ?*ol)is one of the *ost co**only used acids
for standardiMin solutions containin bases. 1,5 is a *onoprotic weaA acid with K
a
L 0.=1 C 14
-8
.
Calculate the p, of the solution that results when 4. 24 of 1,5 is dissol(ed in enouh water to
produce &2.4 *% of solution.
A) &.42
B) 0. &1
C) 4. 44
!) 2.41
Answer" B
&0) Calculate the p, of a 4. 4<4 M carbonic acid solution) ,
&
C.
0;aq))
that has the stepwise
dissociation constants K
a1
L 4.0 C 14
-:
and K
a&
L 2.8 C 14
-11
.
A) 1.14
B) 0.:0
C) 8.0:
!) 14.&2
Answer" B
&4) Calculate the p, of a 4. 84 M ,
&
$.
0
) solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants
K
a1
L 1.2 C 14
-&
and K
a&
L 8.0 C 14
-<
.
A) 1.4&
B) 1.48
C) 1.<&
!) &.44
Answer" B
&2) Calculate the concentration of bicarbonate ion) ,C.
0
-
) in a 4.4 14 M ,
&
C.
0
solution that has the
stepwise dissociation constants K
a1
L 4.0 C 14
-:
and K
a&
L 2.8 C 14
-11
.
A) 8.8 C 14
- 2
M
B) 4.0 C 14
-:
M
C) 4.0 C 14
- =
M
!) 2.8 C 14
-11
M
Answer" A
&8) 'hat is the p, of a 4. 44 M ,
&
$e solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants
K
a1
L 1.0 C 14
-4
and K
a&
L 1.4 C 14
-11
+
A) &. 14
B) 0.<=
C) 4. &<
!) 2. 2:
Answer" A
42
&:) 'hat is the selenide ion concentration J$e
&-
K for a 4. 144 M ,
&
$e solution that has the stepwise
dissociation constants of K
a1
L 1.0 C 14
-4
and K
a&
L 1.4 C 14
-11
+
A) 0.8 C 14
-0
M
B) 1.0 C 14
-4
M
C) 1.0 C 14
-2
M
!) 1.4 C 14
-11
M
Answer" !
&<) 'hat is the p, of a 4. &44 M -,
0
solution that has K
b
L 1.< C 14
-2
dissociation of -,
0
is
-,
0
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) -,
4
9
;aq) 9 .,
-
;aq).
A) &.4&
B) &. :&
C) 11. =<
!) 11.&<
Answer" !
&=) 'hat is the p, of a 4.04 M pyridine solution that has 1
b
L 1.= C 14
-=
dissociation of pyridine is
C
2
,
2
-;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) C
2
,
2
-,
9
;aq) 9 .,
-
;aq).
A) 4. 8&
B) <.:&
C) =. 0<
!) 14. 0<
Answer" C
04) Aniline) ;C
8
,
2
-,
&
) K
b
L 4.0 C 14
-14
at &2IC) is an industrially i*portant a*ine used in the
*aAin of dyes. !eter*ine the p, of an aniline solution *ade by dissol(in 8.=4 of aniline in enouh
A) 4. :2
B) =. &2
C) =. 24
!) 14. 24
Answer" B
48
01) !eter*ine the a**onia concentration of an aqueous solution that has a p, of 11. 44. #he equation
for the dissociation of -,
0
;K
b
L 1.< C 14
-2
) is
-,
0
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) -,
4
9
;aq) 9 .,
-
;aq).
A) 0.4 M
B) 4. 428 M
C) 1.< C 14
- &
M
!) 1.4 C 14
-0
M
Answer" B
0&) 'hich one of the followin salts) when dissol(ed in water) produces the solution with the highest
p,+
A) 1, C.
0
B) CsCl.
4
C) Oa.
!) C,
0
C,
0
-,
0
Cl
Answer" C
00) 7f an equal nu*ber of *oles of the weaA acid ,C-

and the stron base 1., are added to water)
is the resultin solution acidic) basic) or neutral+
A) acidic
B) basic
C) neutral
!) #here is insufficient infor*ation pro(ided to answer this question.
Answer" B
p,+
A) Ob7
B) ObBr
C) ObCl
!) Ob/
Answer" !
02) 'hich one of the followin salts) when dissol(ed in water) produces the solution with a p, closest
to :.44+
A) -,
4
Br

B) Ca

.
C) 1

,$.
4
!) Cs 7
Answer" !
4:
08) Calculate the p, of a 4.<44 M -aC,
0
C.
&
solution. K
a
for acetic acid) C,
0
C.
&
,) is 1.<= C 14
-2
.
A) &. 4&
B) 4.8<
C) =.0&
!) 11. 2<
Answer" C
0:) Calculate the p, of a 1.84 M 1Br. solution. K
a
for hypobro*ous acid) ,Br.) is &.4 C 14
-=
.
A) &.22
B) 4.&2
C) =. :2
!) 11.42
Answer" !
0<) Calculate the p, of a 1.84 M C,
0
-,
0
Cl solution. K
b
for *ethyla*ine) C,
0
-,
&
) is 0.: C 14
-4
.
A) 1.81
B) 2. 1<
C) <. <&
!) 1&.0=
Answer" B
0=) 'hich one of the followin salts) when dissol(ed in water) produces the solution with the lowest
p,+
A) -aCl
B) 1Cl
C) MCl
&
!) AlCl
0
Answer" !
4<
14.0 $hort Answer Questions
1) #he Brnsted-%owry acids in the che*ical equation below are GGGGGGGG and GGGGGGGG.
,-.
&
;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 -.
&
D
;aq)
Answer" ,-.
&
) ,
0
.
9
&) #he equilibriu* constant for the reaction below has the (alue K
a
L 0.2 C 14
-4
. 7n this reaction the
stroner Brnsted-%owry acid is GGGGGGGG and the weaAer Brnsted-%owry acid is GGGGGGGG.
,/;aq) 9 ,
&
.;l) ,
0
.
9
;aq) 9 /
D
;aq)
Answer" ,
0
.
9
) ,/
0) A proton hydrated by four water *olecules has the for*ula GGGGGGGG.
Answer" ,
=
.
4
9
4) #he nu*ber of waters of hydration in the hydrate proton ,
:
.
0
9
is GGGGGGGG.
Answer" 0
2) An acidic solution with hydroniu* ion concentration J,
9
K L 1.84 C 14
D0
M has a hydroxide ion
concentration J.,
D
K L GGGGGGGG.
Answer" 8.&2 C 14
D1&
M
8) #he concentration of ,
0
.
9
in hu*an sweat can be as low as &.2 14
-8
. #he concentration of .,
-
in
the sweat is GGGGGGGG) and this solution is GGGGGGGG ;acidic) basic) neutral).
Answer" 4.4 14
-=
) acidic
:) Fndersea flora prefer a *axi*u* concentration of .,
-
of 1.2< 14
-2
. #he concentration of ,
0
.
9

in the seawater is GGGGGGGG) and this solution is GGGGGGGG ;acidic) basic) neutral).
Answer" 8.01 14
-14
) basic
<) At the nor*al body te*perature of 0:IC) K
w
L &.4& 14
-14
. #he ,
0
.
9
concentration of nor*al
blood ranes fro* 0.2 14
-<
to 4.2 14
-<
. #he .,
-
concentration of nor*al blood ranes fro*
GGGGGGGG to GGGGGGGG) and blood is GGGGGGGG ;acidic) basic) neutral).
Answer" &.& 14
-:
) &.= 14
-:
) basic
4=
=) At 24IC the (alue of K
w
is 2.2 C 14
D14
) and the p, of a neutral solution at 24IC is GGGGGGGG.
Answer" 8.80
14) .ne way to prepare a solution with a p, of 14.44 is to dissol(e GGGGGGGG ra*s of Ca. in enouh
Answer" 1.4 14
-0
11) Bro*othy*ol blue indicator chanes color fro* yellow at a p, of 8.4 to blue at a p, of :.8. 5henol
red indicator chanes color fro* yellow at a p, of 8.< to red at a p, of <.4. A sa*ple of pancreatic fluid
ha(in J.,
-
K L 1.&2< 14
-8
would i*part a GGGGGGGG color to bro*othy*ol blue and a GGGGGGGG
color to phenol red.
Answer" blue) red
1&) Bro*othy*ol blue indicator chanes color fro* yellow at a p, of 8.4 to blue at a p, of :.8. Methyl
red indicator chanes color fro* red at a p, of 4.4 to yellow at a p, of 8.&. A sa*ple of sali(a ha(in
J,
0
.
9
K L 8.014 14
-:
would i*part a GGGGGGGG color to bro*othy*ol blue and a GGGGGGGG color to
*ethyl red.
Answer" yellow) yellow
10) #he p, of a 4.4&2 M 1., solution is GGGGGGGG.
Answer" 1&.44
14) #he (alue of K
a
for a 4.&24 M ,C- solution ha(in a p, of 4.=28 is GGGGGGGG.
Answer" 4.=4 C 14
D14
12) 7n order for the reaction ,A 9 ,$.
0
-
A
-
9 ,
&
$.
0
to ha(e an equilibriu* constant K
c
E 1) the K
a
of ,A *ust be GGGGGGGG ;reater) less) than the K
a
of ,$.
0
-
.
Answer" less
18) 7n order for the reaction A
-
9 ,
&
C.
0
,A 9 ,C.
0
-
to ha(e an equilibriu* constant K
c
E 1) the
K
a
of ,A *ust be GGGGGGGG ;reater) less) than the K
a
of ,
&
C.
0
.
Answer" reater
1:) A 1.&2 14
-4
M solution of the anti-infla**atory dru naproxen has a p, L 4.&. #he K
a
and pK
a

of naproxen are GGGGGGGG and GGGGGGGG.
Answer" 8.0 14
-2
) 4.&
24
1<) 5henobarbital is an antiepileptic dru with a water solubility of 4.0 14
-0
M and pK
a
L :.4. 'hat is
the p, and percent ioniMation of 4.0 14
-0
M phenobarbital+
Answer" 4.<<) 4.04R
1=) 5henobarbital has a pK
a
L :.4. Co*pared to a 1.4 14
-0
M solution) 1.4 14
-4
M phenobarbital
will ha(e a GGGGGGGG ;hiher) lower) p, and a GGGGGGGG ;hiher) lower) percent ioniMation.
Answer" hiher) hiher
&4) 6rythro*ycin is a basic anti*icrobial with pK
b
L 2.&. A 1.4 14
-0
M solution of erythro*ycin has
a p, of and a percent ioniMation.
Answer" =.=) <R
&1) A 4.424 M solution of hydroxyla*ine) -,
&
.,) ha(in K
b
L =.1 C 14
D=
has a p, of GGGGGGGG.
Answer" =.00
&&) A 4.14 M 1-.
&
solution will ha(e a p, GGGGGGGG se(en.
Answer" reater than
&0) #he acid strenth of an oxoacid ha(in the eneral for*ula ,
n
S.
m
increases as the
electroneati(ity of S GGGGGGGG and as the oxidation nu*ber of S GGGGGGGG.
Answer" increases) increases
&4) 7n the aquation reaction Co
&9
9 8 ,
&
. @ JCo;,
&
.)
8
K
&9
) the %ewis acid is GGGGGGGG and the
%ewis base isGGGGGGGG.
Answer" Co
&9
) ,
&
.
&2) 7n the reaction between -.
&
and ,
&
. that produces ,-.
0
) the %ewis acid is GGGGGGGG and the
%ewis base is GGGGGGGG.
Answer" -.
&
) ,
&
.
21

Chapter 14 Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases: Chemistry, 6E (Mcmurry/Fay)

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Chapter 14 Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases: Chemistry, 6E (Mcmurry/Fay)

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Chapter 14 Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases

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