Chapter 14 Review Questions

General Chemistry: Atoms First, 2e (McMurry and Fay)
Chapter 14 Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases
14.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) An Arrhenius acid is best defined as a

A) hydroxide donor.
B) proton acceptor.
C) substance that dissociates in water to produce aqueous hydrogen ions.
D) substance that dissociates in water to produce aqueous hydroxide ions.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: Section 14.1 Acid-Base Concepts: The Brønsted-Lowry Theory
2) When dissolved in water, which of the following compounds is an Arrhenius acid?

A) HCN
B) NaOH
C) NaF
D) CH3CH2OH
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Algo. Option: algorithmic
3) An Arrhenius base is best defined as a

A) proton donor.
B) hydroxide acceptor.
C) substance that dissociates in water to produce aqueous hydrogen ions.
D) substance that dissociates in water to produce aqueous hydroxide ions.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
4) When dissolved in water, which of the following compounds is an Arrhenius base?

A) CH3OH
B) HOCl
C) KOH
D) KCl
Answer: C
Diff: 2
1
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5) A Brønsted-Lowry acid is best defined as a substance that can
A) accept a hydroxide ion.
B) donate a hydroxide ion.
C) accept a proton.
D) donate a proton.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
6) Which one of the following species acts as a Brønsted-Lowry acid in water?

A) NaH
B) NH4+
C) CH3NH2
D) C6H6
Answer: B
Diff: 2
7) In the following chemical equation indicate the reactant that is a Brønsted-Lowry acid
HCN(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + CN-(aq).
A) HCN
B) H2O
C) H3O+
D) CN-
Answer: A
Diff: 2
8) Indicate all the Brønsted-Lowry acids in the following chemical reaction

HCl(aq) + H2O(aq) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq).
A) HCl, H2O
B) HCl,
C) HCl, Cl-
D) HCl, H2O, H3O+
Answer: B
Diff: 2
2
9) What are the Brønsted-Lowry bases in the following chemical reaction
C5H5N(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ C5H5NH+(aq) + OH-(aq)?
A) C5H5N, H2O
B) C5H5N, C5H5NH+
C) C5H5N,
D) C5H5N, H2O, OH-
Answer: C
Diff: 2
10) What are the Brønsted-Lowry acids in the following chemical reaction
HBr(sol) + CH3COOH(sol) ⇌ CH3C(OH)2+(sol) + Br-(sol)?
A) HBr, CH3COOH
B) HBr,
C) CH3COOH, CH3C(OH)2+
D) CH3COOH, Br-
Answer: B
Diff: 2
11) What are the conjugate acid-base pairs in the following chemical reaction
NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)?
A) NH3, H2O and NH4+, OH-
B) NH3, NH4+ and H2O, OH-
C) NH3, OH- and H2O, NH4+
D) NH3 and NH4+
Answer: B
Diff: 2
12) Identify the conjugate acid/base pairs present in an aqueous solution of hydrogen sulfate ion,
HSO4-.
A) HSO4-/SO42- and H3O+/H2O
B) H2SO4/HSO4- and H2O/OH-
C) HSO4-/H2O and H3O+/SO42-
D) HSO4-/H2O and H2SO4/OH-
Answer: A
Diff: 2
3
13) What is the conjugate base of the Brønsted-Lowry acid HPO42-?
A) H3PO4
B) H2PO4-
C) HPO42-
D) PO43-
Answer: D
Diff: 2
14) What is the conjugate acid of the Brønsted-Lowry base HAsO42-?

A) H2AsO4-
B) AsO43-
C) H2O
D) H3O+
Answer: A
Diff: 2
15) Which one of the following can behave either as a Brønsted-Lowry acid or a Brønsted-
Lowry base in an aqueous solution reaction?
A) HSO3-
B) NH3
C) HI
D) H3PO4
Answer: A
Diff: 2
16) Write a balanced equation for the dissociation of the Brønsted-Lowry acid HSO4- in water.
A) HSO4-(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H2SO4(aq) + OH-(aq)
B) HSO4-(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ SO42-(aq) + H3O+(aq)
C) HSO4-(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ SO32-(aq) + OH-(aq)
D) HSO4-(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ SO3(g) + OH-(aq) + H2O(l)
Answer: B
Diff: 2
4
17) Which of the following Brønsted-Lowry acids does not behave as a strong acid when it is
dissolved in water?
A) H
B) HCl
C) HNO2
D) HClO4
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: Section 14.2 Acid Strength and Base Strength
18) Which Brønsted -Lowry base has the strongest conjugate acid?
A) CH3CO2-
B) CN-
C) F-
D) NO3-
Answer: D
Diff: 2
19) Which Brønsted-Lowry acid has the strongest conjugate base?

A) HCl
B) HClO4
C) HF
D) H
Answer: C
Diff: 2
20) What is the strongest Brønsted-Lowry acid in the chemical reaction shown below?
2 HNO3(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → Ba(NO3)2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)
A) HNO3
B) Ba(OH)2
C) Ba(NO3)2
D) H2O
Answer: A
Diff: 2
5
21) From the following chemical reactions determine the relative Brønsted-Lowry acid strengths
(strongest to weakest).
HCl(aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
HCN(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + CN-(aq)
A) HCl > HCN > H3O+
B) HCl > H3O+ > HCN
C) H3O+ > HCl > HCN
D) HCN > H3O+ > HCl
Answer: B
Diff: 3
HClO4(aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + ClO4-(aq)
HNO2(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + NO2-(aq)
A) HClO4 > H3O+ > HNO2
B) HClO4 > HNO2 > H3O+
C) H3O+ > HClO4 > HNO2
D) H3O+ > HNO2 > HClO4
Answer: A
Diff: 3
HClO4(sol) + CH3COOH(l) → CH3C2(OH)2+(sol) + ClO4-(aq)
H2SO4(sol) + CH3COOH(l) ⇌ CH3C(OH)2+(sol) + HSO4-(sol)
A) HClO4 > H2SO4 > CH3COOH
B) HClO4 > H2SO4 > CH3C(OH)2+
C) HClO4 > CH3COOH > H2SO4
D) HClO4 > CH3C(OH)2+ > H2SO4
Answer: D
Diff: 3
6
24) From the following chemical reactions determine the relative Brønsted-Lowry base strengths
HNO3(aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + NO3-(aq)
HF(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + F-(aq)
A) HNO3 > H3O+ > HF
B) NO3- > H2O > F-
C) F- > H2O > NO3-
D) F- > NO3- > H2O
Answer: C
Diff: 3
25) From the following chemical reactions determine the relative Brønsted-Lowry base strengths
2 NaH(s) + H2O(l) → 2 NaOH + H2(g)
NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)
A) H- > OH- > NH3
B) H- > NH3 > OH-
C) OH-> H- > NH3
D) OH- > NH3 > H-
Answer: A
Diff: 3
26) The equilibrium constant, K, for the reaction shown below has a value 1.8 × 10–5. In this
reaction which is the strongest acid and which is the strongest base?
CH3CO2H(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + CH3CO2–(aq)
A) CH3CO2H and CH3CO2–
B) CH3CO2H and H2O
C) H3O+ and H2O
D) H3O+ and CH3CO2–
Answer: D
Diff: 3
7
The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of binary acids of the type HA where the
water molecules have been omitted for clarity.
27) Determine the strongest acid of the set.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: B
Diff: 2
28) Arrange the acids in order of increasing acid strength.

A) D < C < A < B
B) D < C < B < A
C) D < B < A < C
D) D < A < C < B
Answer: D
Diff: 3
29) What is the geometric shape of the hydrated proton; that is, the hydronium ion H3O+?
A) angular
B) trigonal pyramidal
C) trigonal planar
D) tetrahedral
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: Section 14.3 Factors That Affect Acid Strength
8
30) An acidic solution at 25°C has
A) [H3O+] > [OH-] > 1 × 10-7 M.
B) [H3O+] > 1 × 10-7 M > [OH-].
C) [H3O+] = [OH-] > 1 × 10-7 M.
D) [H3O+] < 1 × 10-7 M > [OH-].
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: Section 14.4 Dissociation of Water
31) At 50°C the value of Kw is 5.5 × 10-14. A basic solution at 50°C has
A) [H3O+] < [OH-] < 2.3 × 10-7 M.
B) [H3O+] < 2.3 × 10-7 M < [OH-].
C) [H3O+] = [OH-] < 2.3 × 10-7 M.
D) [H3O+] > 2.3 × 10-7 M < [OH-].
Answer: B
Diff: 2
32) Calculate the hydronium ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains 2.50 × 10-4
M in hydroxide ion.
A) 4.00 × 10-9 M
B) 4.00 × 10-10 M
C) 4.00 × 10-11 M
D) 5.00 × 10-11 M
Answer: C
Diff: 2
33) Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains 3.50 × 10-3 M
in hydronium ion.
A) 2.86 × 10-4 M
B) 2.86 × 10-11 M
C) 2.86 × 10-12 M
D) 3.50 × 10-12 M
Answer: C
Diff: 2
9
34) A solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 3.25 × 10-2 M is ________ and has a
hydroxide concentration of ________.
A) acidic, 3.08 × 10-12 M
B) acidic, 3.08 × 10-13 M
C) basic, 3.08 × 10-12 M
D) basic, 3.08 × 10-13 M
Answer: B
Diff: 2
35) A solution with a hydroxide ion concentration of 4.15 × 10-4 M is ________ and has a
hydrogen ion concentration of ________.
A) acidic, 2.41 × 10-10 M
B) acidic, 2.41 × 10-11 M
C) basic, 2.41 × 10-10 M
D) basic, 2.41 × 10-11 M
Answer: D
Diff: 2
36) If the ionization constant of water, Kw, at 40°C is 2.92 × 10-14, then what is the hydronium
ion concentration for a neutral solution?
A) [H3O+] < 1.00 × 10-7 M
B) [H3O+] > 1.71 × 10-7 M
C) [H3O+] = 1.71 × 10-7 M
D) [H3O+] < 1.71 × 10-7 M
Answer: C
Diff: 2
37) An acidic solution at 25°C will have a hydronium ion concentration ________ and a pH
value ________.
A) [H3O+] > 1 × 10-7 M, pH > 7.00
B) [H3O+] > 1 × 10-7 M, pH < 7.00
C) [H3O+] < 1 × 10-7 M, pH > 7.00
D) [H3O+] < 1 × 10-7 M, pH < 7.00
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: Section 14.5 The pH Scale
10
38) If the ionization constant of water, Kw, at 40°C is 2.92 × 10-14, then what is the hydronium
ion concentration and pH for an acidic solution?
A) [H3O+] > 1.71 × 10-7 M and pH > 6.77
B) [H3O+] > 1.71 × 10-7 M and pH < 6.77
C) [H3O+] < 1.71 × 10-7 M and pH > 6.77
D) [H3O+] < 1.71 × 10-7 M and pH < 6.77
Answer: B
Diff: 2
39) Calculate the pH for an aqueous solution of acetic acid that contains hydronium
ion.
A) 4.65 × 10-12
B) 2.15 × 10-3
C) 2.67
D) 11.33
Answer: C
Diff: 2
40) Calculate the pH for an aqueous solution of pyridine that contains hydroxide
ion.
A) 4.65 × 10-11
B) 2.15 × 10-4
C) 3.67
D) 10.33
Answer: D
Diff: 2
41) What is the hydroxide ion concentration and the pH for a hydrochloric acid solution that has
a hydronium ion concentration of
A) 6.67 × 10-10 M, 4.82
B) 6.67 × 10-10 M, 9.18
C) 6.67 × 10-11 M, 3.82
D) 6.67 × 10-11 M, 10.18
Answer: C
Diff: 2
11
42) What is the hydronium ion concentration and the pH for an aqueous solution of NH3 that has
a hydroxide ion concentration of
A) 4.44 × 10-11 M, 3.65
B) 4.44 × 10-11 M, 10.35
C) 4.44 × 10-12 M, 2.65
D) 4.44 × 10-12 M, 11.35
Answer: D
Diff: 2
43) What is the hydronium ion concentration of an acid rain sample that has a pH of 3.15?
A) 1.41 × 10-11 M
B) 7.08 × 10-4 M
C) 3.15 M
D) 10.85 M
Answer: B
Diff: 2
44) What is the hydroxide ion concentration of a lye solution that has a pH of 11.20?
A) 6.31 × 10-12 M
B) 1.58 × 10-3 M
C) 2.80 M
D) 11.20 M
Answer: B
Diff: 2
45) What statement is most consistent for an acid with a pH = 3?

A) one one-hundredth as strong as an acid with a pH of 5
B) half a strong as an acid with a pH = 5
C) twice as strong as an acid with a pH of 5
D) one hundred times as strong as an acid with a pH = 5
Answer: D
Diff: 2
12
46) At 25°C, the pH of a vinegar solution is 2.60. What are the values of [H3O+] and [OH-] in
the solution?
A) 3.99 × 10-12 M, 2.51 × 10-3 M
B) 2.51 × 10-3 M, 3.98 × 10-12 M
C) 2.51 × 10-3 M, 11.40 M
D) 2.60 M, 11.40 M
Answer: B
Diff: 2
47) What is the approximate pH of a solution X that gives the following responses with the
indicators shown?
HIn —
Indicators In- pH range Solution X
methyl orange red-yellow 3.2-4.4 yellow
methyl red red-yellow 4.8-6.0 yellow
bromthymol blue yellow-blue 6.0-7.6 green
phenolphthalein colorless-pink 8.2-10.0 colorless
A) 3.2 - 4.4
B) 4.8 - 6.0
C) 6.0 - 7.6
D) 8.2 - 10.0
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: Section 14.6 Measuring pH
13
indicators shown?
HIn —
methyl red red-yellow 4.8-6.0 orange
bromthymol blue yellow-blue 6.0-7.6 yellow
phenolphthalein colorless-pink 8.2-10.0 colorless
A) 3.2 - 4.4
B) 4.8 - 6.0
C) 6.0 - 7.6
D) 8.2 - 10.0
Answer: B
Diff: 2
indicators shown?
HIn —
methyl red red-yellow 4.8-6.0 yellow
bromthymol blue yellow-blue 6.0-7.6 blue
phenolphthalein colorless-pink 8.2-10.0 pink
A) 4.8 - 6.0
B) 6.0 - 7.6
C) 7.6 - 8.2
D) > 8.2
Answer: D
Diff: 2
14
50) What is the pH of a 0.020 M HClO4 solution?
A) 0.020
B) 0.040
C) 1.70
D) 12.30
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: Section 14.7 The pH in Solutions of Strong Acids and Strong Bases
51) What is the pH of a 0.020 M RbOH solution?

A) 0.020
B) 0.040
C) 1.70
D) 12.30
Answer: D
Diff: 2
52) What is the pH of a 0.020 M Ba(OH)2 solution?

A) 1.40
B) 1.70
C) 12.30
D) 12.60
Answer: D
Diff: 3
53) What is the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.15 gram of solid CaO (lime) in enough
water to make 2.00 L of aqueous Ca(OH)2 (limewater)?
CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca2+(aq) + 2 OH-(aq)
A) 2.57
B) 2.87
C) 11.13
D) 11.43
Answer: D
Diff: 3
15
54) What is the pH of a solution prepared by diluting 25.00 mL of 0.10 M HCl with enough
water to produce a total volume of 100.00 mL?
A) 1.00
B) 1.60
C) 2.00
D) 3.20
Answer: B
Diff: 3
55) What is the pH of a solution prepared by diluting 25.00 mL of 0.020 M Ba(OH)2 with
enough water to produce a total volume of 250.00 mL?
A) 2.40
B) 2.70
C) 11.30
D) 11.60
Answer: D
Diff: 3
56) What is the pH of a solution made by mixing 100.00 mL of 0.20 M HCl with 50.00 mL of
0.10 M HCl? Assume that the volumes are additive.
A) 0.15
B) 0.52
C) 0.78
D) 1.70
Answer: C
Diff: 3
57) What is the pH of a solution made by mixing 100.0 mL of 0.10 M HNO3, 50.0 mL of 0.20 M
HCl, and 100.0 mL of water? Assume that the volumes are additive.
A) 0.30
B) 0.82
C) 1.00
D) 1.10
Answer: D
Diff: 3
16
58) What is the pH of a solution prepared by mixing 100.00 mL of 0.020 M Ca(OH)2 with 50.00
mL of 0.100 M NaOH? Assume that the volumes are additive.
A) 12.67
B) 12.78
C) 12.95
D) 13.25
Answer: B
Diff: 3
59) What is the equilibrium constant expression (Ka) for the acid dissociation of hydrocyanic
acid HCN? The equation of interest is
HCN(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + CN-(aq).
A) Ka = ([H3O+][CN-])/([HCN][H2O])
B) Ka = ([H3O+][CN-])/([HCN])
C) Ka = ([HCN][H2O])/([H3O+][CN-])
D) Ka = ([HCN])/([H3O+][CN-])
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: Section 14.8 Equilibria in Solutions of Weak Acids
60) What is the equilibrium constant expression (Ka) for the acid dissociation of nitrous acid
HNO2? The equation of interest is
HNO2(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + NO2-(aq).
A) Ka = ([H3O+][NO2-])/([HNO2][H2O])
B) Ka = ([H3O+][NO2-])/([HNO2])
C) Ka = ([HNO2][H2O])/([H3O+][NO2-])
D) Ka = ([HNO2])/([H3O+][NO2-])
Answer: B
Diff: 2
61) Determine the acid dissociation constant for a 0.10 M acetic acid solution that has a pH of
2.87. Acetic acid is a weak monoprotic acid and the equilibrium equation of interest is
A) 1.3 × 10-2
B) 1.3 × 10-3
C) 1.8 × 10-5
D) 1.8 × 10-6
Answer: C
Diff: 3
17
62) Determine the acid dissociation constant for a 0.010 M nitrous acid solution that has a pH of
2.70. Nitrous acid is a weak monoprotic acid and the equilibrium equation of interest is
A) 8.0 × 10-3
B) 2.0 × 10-3
C) 5.0 × 10-4
D) 4.0 × 10-4
Answer: C
Diff: 3
63) Determine the acid dissociation constant for a 0.020 M formic acid solution that has a pH of
2.74. Formic acid is a weak monoprotic acid and the equilibrium equation of interest is
A) 1.8 × 10-3
B) 1.8 × 10-4
C) 3.6 × 10-4
D) 3.6 × 10-5
Answer: B
Diff: 3
64) The pH of 0.255 M HCN is 4.95. What is the value of Ka for hydrocyanic acid?
A) 1.3 × 10-10
B) 4.9 × 10-10
C) 1.1 × 10-5
D) 4.4 × 10-5
Answer: B
Diff: 3
65) The pH of 0.150 M CH3CO2H, acetic acid, is 2.78. What is the value of Ka for acetic acid?
A) 2.8 × 10-6
B) 1.9 × 10-5
C) 1.7 × 10-3
D) 1.1 × 10-2
Answer: B
Diff: 3
18
66) What is the strongest monoprotic acid of the following set if all the acids are at 0.100 M
concentration?
A) hydrofluoric acid with Ka = 3.5 × 10-4
B) benzoic acid with Ka = 6.5 × 10-5
C) acetic acid with Ka = 1.8 × 10-5
D) hypochlorous acid with Ka = 3.5 × 10-8
Answer: A
Diff: 1
67) What is the hydronium ion concentration of a 0.100 M acetic acid solution with a Ka = 1.8 ×
10-5? The equation for the dissociation of acetic acid is:
CH3CO2H(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + CH3CO2-(aq).
A) 1.3 × 10-2 M
B) 4.2 × 10-2 M
C) 1.3 × 10-3 M
D) 4.2 × 10-3 M
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Topic: Section 14.9 Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations in Solutions of Weak Acids
68) The p of HCN is 9.31. What is the pH of a 0.52 M solution of HCN?

A) 4.80
B) 5.20
C) 6.79
D) 6.33
Answer: A
Diff: 3
69) The of hypochlorous acid, HOCl, is 3.5 × . What is the pH of 0.78 M HOCl?
A) 3.78
B) 3.50
C) 2.82
D) 2.53
Answer: A
Diff: 3
19
70) What is the p of hypobromous acid, HOBr, if a 0.40 M HOBr has a pH of 4.50?
A) 8.60
B) 4.50
C) 6.11
D) 4.92
Answer: A
Diff: 3
71) What is the hydronium ion concentration of a 0.100 M hypochlorous acid solution with
The equation for the dissociation of hypochlorous acid is:
HOCl(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + OCl-(aq).
A) 1.9 × 10-4
B) 5.9 × 10-4
C) 1.9 × 10-5
D) 5.9 × 10-5
Answer: D
Diff: 3
72) Para-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA), p-H2NC6H4(COOH), is used in some sunscreens and hair
conditioning products. Calculate the pH of an aqueous solution with and
A) 1.52
B) 3.09
C) 4.66
D) 6.18
Answer: B
Diff: 3
73) A tablet containing 500.0 mg of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid or was dissolved in

–4
enough water to make 100 mL of solution. Given that Ka = 3.0 × 10 for aspirin, what is the pH
of the solution?
A) 1.57
B) 2.54
C) 3.52
D) 5.08
Answer: B
Diff: 4
20
74) Benzoic acid (C6H5CO2H = HBz) solutions are sometimes used in experiments to determine
the molarity of a basic solution of unknown concentration. What is the pH of a 0.100 M solution
of benzoic acid if and the equilibrium equation of interest is
A) 1.00
B) 2.59
C) 4.19
D) 5.19
Answer: B
Diff: 4
75) Potassium hydrogen phthalate (molar mass = 204.2 g/mol) is one of the most commonly
used acids for standardizing solutions containing bases. KHP is a monoprotic weak acid with
Calculate the pH of the solution that results when 0.40 g of KHP is dissolved in
enough water to produce 25.0 mL of solution.
A) 2.10
B) 3.26
C) 4.30
D) 5.41
Answer: B
Diff: 4
76) Vinegar is a 5.0% solution by weight of acetic acid (CH3CO2H) in water. Given that
for acetic acid and assuming the density of vinegar to be 1.00 g/cm3, what is the
pH of this vinegar solution?
A) 2.00
B) 2.41
C) 2.87
D) 4.74
Answer: B
Diff: 4
Topic: Section 14.10 Percent Dissociation in Solutions of Weak Acids
21
77) Vinegar is a 5.0% solution by weight of acetic acid (CH3CO2H) in water. Given that the pH
for acetic acid is 2.41, the and assuming the density of vinegar to be 1.00 g/cm3,
what is the percent dissociation of acetic acid in vinegar?
A) 0.47%
B) 1.5%
C) 4.0%
D) 5.0%
Answer: A
Diff: 4
78) What is the percent dissociation of a benzoic acid solution with pH = 2.59? The acid
dissociation constant for this monoprotic acid is
A) 0.50%
B) 1.5%
C) 2.5%
D) 3.5%
Answer: C
Diff: 4
79) The percent dissociation of acetic acid changes as the concentration of the acid decreases. A
100-fold decrease in acetic acid concentration results in a ________ fold ________ in the percent
dissociation.
A) 10, increase
B) 10, decrease
C) 100, increase
D) 100, decrease
Answer: A
Diff: 3
80) Which of the following are weak diprotic acids?

A) carbonic acid - H2CO3, hydrosulfuric acid - H2S, acetic acid - CH3CO2H
B) formic acid - HCO2H, acetic acid CH3CO2H, benzoic acid C6H5CO2H
C) carbonic acid - H2CO3, oxalic acid - H2C2O4, sulfurous acid - H2SO3
D) hydrocyanic acid - HCN, sulfuric acid - H2SO4, phosphoric acid - H3PO4
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: Section 14.11 Equilibria in Solutions of Polyprotic Acids
22
81) What is the second stepwise equilibrium constant expression for phosphoric acid H3PO4?
A) Ka2 = ([H3O+][H2PO4-])/([H3PO4])
B) Ka2 = ([H3O+]2[HPO42-])/([H3PO4])
C) Ka2 = ([H3O+]3[PO43-])/([H3PO4])
D) Ka2 = ([H3O+][HPO42-])/([H2PO4-])
Answer: D
Diff: 2
82) Calculate the pH of a 0.020 M carbonic acid solution, H2CO3(aq), that has the stepwise
dissociation constants and
A) 1.70
B) 4.03
C) 6.37
D) 10.25
Answer: B
Diff: 3
83) Calculate the pH of a 0.20 M H2SO3 solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants
Ka1 = 1.5 × 10-2 and Ka2 = 6.3 × 10-8.
A) 1.26
B) 1.32
C) 1.82
D) 2.52
Answer: A
Diff: 3
84) Calculate the concentration of bicarbonate ion, HCO3-, in a 0.010 M H2CO3 solution that
has the stepwise dissociation constants and
A) 6.6 × 10-5 M
B) 4.3 × 10-7 M
C) 4.3 × 10-9 M
D) 5.6 × 10-11 M
Answer: A
Diff: 3
23
85) What is the pH of a 0.10 M H2Se solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants Ka1 =
1.3 × 10-4 and Ka2 = 1.0 × 10-11?
A) 2.44
B) 3.89
C) 4.89
D) 5.50
Answer: A
Diff: 3
86) What is the selenide ion concentration [Se2-] for a 0.100 M H2Se solution that has the
stepwise dissociation constants of Ka1 = 1.3 × 10-4 and Ka2 = 1.0 × 10-11?
A) 3.6 × 10-3 M
B) 1.3 × 10-4 M
C) 1.3 × 10-5 M
D) 1.0 × 10-11 M
Answer: D
Diff: 3
87) Which of the following can be classified as a weak base?

A) CH3NH2
B) NH2OH
C) Both CH3NH2 and NH2OH
D) Neither CH3NH2 nor NH2OH
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: Section 14.12 Equilibria in Solutions of Weak Bases
88) What is the pH of a 0.100 M NH3 solution that has Kb = 1.8 × 10-5 ? The equation for the
dissociation of NH3 is
A) 1.87
B) 2.87
C) 11.13
D) 12.13
Answer: C
Diff: 3
24
89) What is the concentration of N in a 0.20 M ammonia solution? The base dissociaton
constant for ammonia is 1.8 × .
A) 0.0019 M
B) 0.20 M
C) 0.020 M
D) 0.040 M
Answer: A
Diff: 3
90) The concentration of C N in a 0.20 M methylamine (C ) solution is 2.32 ×

M. What is for methylamine?
A) 2.7 ×
B) 5.4 ×
C) 1.2 ×
D) 3.3 ×
Answer: A
Diff: 3
91) What is the pH of a 0.30 M pyridine solution that has a Kb = 1.9 × 10-9 ? The equation for
the dissociation of pyridine is
A) 4.62
B) 8.72
C) 9.38
D) 10.38
Answer: C
Diff: 4
92) Aniline, (C6H5NH2, Kb = 4.3 × 10-10 at 25°C) is an industrially important amine used in
the making of dyes. Determine the pH of an aniline solution made by dissolving 3.90 g of aniline
in enough water to make 100 mL of solution.
A) 4.87
B) 9.13
C) 9.74
D) 10.74
Answer: B
Diff: 4
93) Determine the ammonia concentration of an aqueous solution that has a pH of 11.50. The
25
equation for the dissociation of NH3 (Kb = 1.8 × 10-5) is
A) 2.5 M
B) 0.55 M
C) 5.7 × 10-3 M
D) 3.2 × 10-3 M
Answer: B
Diff: 4
94) How many grams of pyridine are there in 100 mL of an aqueous solution that has a pH of
9.00? The Kb for pyridine is 1.9 × and the equation of interest is
C5H5N(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ C5H5NH+(aq) + OH-(aq).
A) 0.053 g
B) 0.42 g
C) 0.79 g
D) 7.9 g
Answer: B
Diff: 4
95) What is the relationship between Ka and Kb at 25°C for a conjugate acid base pair?
A) Ka × Kb = 1 × 10-14
B) Ka/Kb = 1 × 10-14
C) Kb/Ka = 1 × 10-14
D) Ka + Kb = 1 × 10-14
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: Section 14.13 Relation Between Ka and Kb
96) Ammonia NH3, has a base dissociation constant of 1.8 × 10-5. What is the conjugate acid of
ammonia and what is its acid dissociation constant?
A) NH4+, 1.9 × 109
B) NH4+, 1.8 × 10-5
C) NH4+, 5.6 × 10-10
D) NH2-, 5.6 × 10-10
Answer: C
Diff: 2
26
97) Methylamine CH3NH2, has a base dissociation constant of 3.7 × 10-4. What is the conjugate
acid of methylamine and what is its acid dissociation constant?
A) CH3NH3+, 2.7 × 103
B) CH3NH3+, 3.7 × 10-4
C) CH3NH3+, 2.7 × 10-11
D) CH3NH2-, 2.7 × 10-11
Answer: C
Diff: 2
98) Acetic acid CH3COOH, has an acid dissociation constant of 1.8 × 10-5. What is the
conjugate base of acetic acid and what is its base dissociation constant?
A) CH3C(OH)2+, 5.6 × 104
B) CH3C(OH)2+, 5.6 × 10-10
C) CH3COOH, 5.6 × 10-10
D) CH3CO2-, 5.6 × 10-10
Answer: D
Diff: 2
99) Dihydrogen phosphate H2PO4-, has an acid dissociation constant of What is the
conjugate base of H2PO4- and what is its base dissociation constant?
A) H3PO4, 1.6 × 106
B) H3PO4, 1.6 × 10-8
C) HPO42-, 1.6 × 106
D) HPO42-, 1.6 × 10-8
Answer: D
Diff: 2
100) Which of the following salts are acidic?

A) LiCl, NaCl, KCl
B) NH4Cl, CuCl2, AlCl3
C) NaCH3CO2, KCH3CO2, RbCH3CO2
D) NaCl, NH4Cl, Na2CO3
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Topic: Section 14.14 Acid-Base Properties of Salts
27
101) Which one of the following salts, when dissolved in water, produces the solution with the
highest pH?
A) NaHSO4
B) LiClO4
C) MgO
D) CH3NH3I
Answer: C
Diff: 3
102) If an equal number of moles of the weak acid HCN and the strong base KOH are added to
water, is the resulting solution acidic, basic, or neutral?
A) acidic
B) basic
C) neutral
D) There is insufficient information provided to answer this question.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
103) Arrange the following 0.10 M aqueous solutions in order of increasing pH: NaOH, HBr,
NaCH3CO2, KBr, NH4Br.
A) HBr, KBr, NH4Br, NaCH3CO2, NaOH
B) NaOH, NaCH3CO2, NH4Br, KBr, HBr
C) NaOH, NaCH3CO2, KBr, NH4Br, HBr
D) HBr, NH4Br, KBr, NaCH3CO2, NaOH
Answer: D
Diff: 3
highest pH?
A) KI
B) KBr
C) KCl
D) KF
Answer: D
Diff: 3
28
105) Which one of the following salts, when dissolved in water, produces the solution with a pH
closest to 7.00?
A) NH4Cl
B) BaO
C) NaHSO4
D) RbI
Answer: D
Diff: 3
106) Calculate the pH of a 0.100 M NaCH3CO2 solution. Ka for acetic acid, CH3CO2H, is
A) 2.87
B) 5.13
C) 8.87
D) 11.13
Answer: C
Diff: 5
107) Calculate the pH of a of 0.100 M KBrO solution. Ka for hypobromous acid, HBrO, is
A) 3.15
B) 4.85
C) 9.15
D) 10.85
Answer: D
Diff: 5
108) Calculate the pH of a 0.100 M CH3NH3Cl solution. Kb for methylamine, CH3NH2, is
A) 2.22
B) 5.78
C) 8.22
D) 11.78
Answer: B
Diff: 5
29
109) Equal volumes of 0.10 M NH3 (Kb = 1.8 × 10-5) and 0.10 M HCN (Ka = 4.9 × 10-10) are
mixed together. Will the resulting solution be acidic, basic, or neutral?
A) acidic
B) basic
C) neutral
D) insufficient information to solve
Answer: B
Diff: 3
lowest pH?
A) NaCl
B) NH4Cl
C) MgCl2
D) AlCl3
Answer: D
Diff: 3
111) What is the identity of M in the hydrate M(H2O)6n+ that has the 0.10 M solution with the
lowest pH?
A) Li+
B) Na+
C) Mg2+
D) Al3+
Answer: D
Diff: 3
112) What is the identity of M in the hydrate M(H2O)6n+ that has the 0.10 M solution with the
highest pH?
A) Li+
B) Na+
C) Mg2+
D) Al3+
Answer: B
Diff: 3
30
113) What is the strongest acid among the following?
A) HF
B) HCl
C) HBr
D) HI
Answer: D
Diff: 2

A) H2O
B) H2S
C) H2Se
D) H2Te
Answer: D
Diff: 2

A) HF
B) HCl
C) H2O
D) H2S
Answer: B
Diff: 2
116) What is the weakest acid among the following?

A) SiH4
B) PH3
C) H2S
D) HCl
Answer: A
Diff: 2
117) Which acid of the following set has the strongest conjugate base?
A) CH4
B) NH3
C) H2O
D) HF
Answer: A
Diff: 3
31
118) What is the strongest base among the following?
A) ClO-
B) ClO2-
C) ClO3-
D) ClO4-
Answer: A
Diff: 3

A) H2SO3
B) H2SO4
C) H2SeO3
D) H2SeO4
Answer: B
Diff: 3
120) What is the strongest acid of the following?

A) HOI
B) HOBr
C) HOCl
D) All are equivalent.
Answer: C
Diff: 2

A) HIO
B) HIO2
C) HIO3
D) HIO4
Answer: D
Diff: 2

A) CH3CO2H
B) ClCH2CO2H
C) Cl2CHCO2H
D) Cl3CCO2H
Answer: D
Diff: 3
32
123) Identify the Lewis acid that acts as a reactant in the following reaction
Fe(H2O)63+(aq) + 6 CN-(aq) → Fe(CN)63-(aq) + 6 H2O(l).
A) Fe3+
B) H2O
C) CN-
D) Fe(H2O)63+
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Topic: Section 14.15 Lewis Acids and Bases
124) Identify the Lewis acid that acts as a reactant in the following reaction
Co(H2O)63+(aq) + 6 NH3(aq) → Co(NH3)63+(aq) + 6 H2O(l).
A) Co(H2O)63+
B) Co3+
C) NH3
D) H2O
Answer: B
Diff: 3
125) For Cu2+ and CO2, which will behave as a Lewis acid toward OH- in water?
A) only Cu2+
B) only CO2
C) Cu2+ and CO2
D) neither Cu2+ nor CO2
Answer: C
Diff: 3
126) Which one of the following is not considered to be a Lewis base?

A) H2O
B) NH3
C) NH4+
D) Cl-
Answer: C
Diff: 3
33
127) Which one of the following is least able to behave as a Lewis base?
A) CH3NH2
B) (CH3)2NH
C) (CH3)3N
D) (CH3)3NH+
Answer: D
Diff: 3
128) The compound BF3 can be described as a(n)

A) Arrhenius acid.
B) Brønsted-Lowry acid.
C) Lewis acid.
D) Lewis base.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
129) Identify the set of Lewis acids.

A) BH3, BF3, Cu2+, CO2
B) Cl-, OH-, NH3, H2O
C) H3PO4, H2PO4-, HPO42-, PO43-
D) CH3-, NH2-, OH-, F-
Answer: A
Diff: 3
130) Which one of the following is expected to be the strongest Lewis acid?
A) Fe
B) Fe+
C) Fe2+
D) Fe3+
Answer: D
Diff: 3
34
In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms.
131) Identify the Brønsted-Lowry acids.

A) (1) and (3)
B) (1)
C) (2) and (3)
D) (2) and (4)
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: Conceptual Problems
132) Identify the Brønsted-Lowry bases.

A) (1) and (3)
B) (1) and (4)
C) (2)
D) (2) and (4)
Answer: C
Diff: 2
35
133) Identify the Brønsted-Lowry acids.

A) (1) and (3)
B) (1) and (4)
C) (2)
D) (2) and (4)
Answer: C
Diff: 2
134) Identify the Brønsted-Lowry bases.

A) (1) and (3)
B) (1)
C) (2) and (3)
D) (2) and (4)
Answer: B
Diff: 2
36
135) Identify the Brønsted-Lowry acid/base conjugate pairs.

A) (1)/(2) and (3)/(4)
B) (1)/(3) and (2)/(4)
C) (1)/(4) and (2)/(3)
Answer: B
Diff: 2
136) Identify the Brønsted-Lowry acid/base conjugate pairs.

A) (1)/(2) and (3)/(4)
B) (1)/(3) and (2)/(4)
C) (1)/(4) and (2)/(3)
Answer: B
Diff: 2
37
The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA (A = X, Y, or Z); water
molecules have been omitted for clarity.
137) Arrange the three acids in order of increasing acid strength.

A) HZ < HY < HX
B) HY < HZ < HX
C) HZ < HX < HY
D) HX < HZ < HY
Answer: D
Diff: 2
138) Which acid, if any, is a strong acid?

A) All are strong acids.
B) HX and HZ
C) HY
D) None are strong acids.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
139) Which acid has the smallest value of Ka?

A) HX
B) HY
C) HZ
D) All have the same Ka value.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
38
140) Which acid has the lowest percent dissociation?
A) HX
B) HY
C) HZ
D) All have the same percent dissociation.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
141) Which acid solution has the lowest pH?

A) HX
B) HY
C) HZ
D) All have the same pH.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
39
142) Which of the above pictures represents a solution of a weak diprotic acid H2A for which
(Water molecules have been omitted for clarity.)
A) picture (a)
B) picture (b)
C) picture (c)
D) picture (d)
Answer: C
Diff: 3
143) Which of the above pictures represents a solution of a diprotic acid H2A for which
and Ka2 is exceptionally small. (Water molecules have been omitted for clarity.)
A) picture (a)
B) picture (b)
C) picture (c)
D) picture (d)
Answer: B
Diff: 3
40
The following pictures represent equal volumes of aqueous solutions of three acids HA (A = X,
Y, or Z); water molecules have been omitted for clarity.
144) Arrange the acids in order of increasing acid strength.

A) HZ < HY < HX
B) HY < HZ < HX
C) HZ < HX < HY
D) HX < HZ < HY
Answer: B
Diff: 2
145) Arrange the acids in order of increasing value of Ka.

A) Ka(HZ) < Ka(HY) < Ka(HX)
B) Ka(HY) < Ka(HZ) < Ka(HX)
C) Ka(HZ) < Ka(HX) < Ka(HY)
D) Ka(HX) < Ka(HZ) < Ka(HY)
Answer: B
Diff: 2
146) Arrange the acids in order of increasing value of percent dissociation.

A) HZ < HY < HX
B) HY < HZ < HX
C) HZ < HX < HY
D) HX < HZ < HY
Answer: B
Diff: 2
41
147) Arrange the acids in order of increasing pH.
A) HZ < HY < HX
B) HY < HZ < HX
C) HZ < HX < HY
D) HX < HZ < HY
Answer: D
Diff: 2
148) Arrange the conjugate bases (A- = X-, Y-, or Z-) in order of increasing base strength.
A) Z- < Y- < X-
B) Y- < Z- < X-
C) Z- < X- < Y-
D) X- < Z- < Y-
Answer: D
Diff: 3
149) Arrange the conjugate bases (A- = X-, Y-, or Z-) in order of increasing value of Kb.
A) Kb(Z-) < Kb(Y-) < Kb(X-)
B) Kb(Y-) < Kb(Z-) < Kb(X-)
C) Kb(Z-) < Kb(X-) < Kb(Y-)
D) Kb(X-) < Kb(Z-) < Kb(Y-)
Answer: D
Diff: 3
42
150) The following pictures represent solutions of three salts NaA (A- = X-, Y-, or Z-); water
molecules and Na+ ions have been omitted for clarity. Arrange the three A- ions in order of
decreasing base strength.
A) X- > Y- > Z-
B) X- > Z- > Y-
C) Y- > Z- > X-
D) Z- > Y- > XZ-
Answer: B
Diff: 2
43
The following pictures represent solutions of three salts MA; water molecules have been omitted
for clarity. Dotted spheres represent Ay- ions; gray spheres represent Mx+ ions; black spheres
represent oxygen atoms; and unshaded spheres represent hydrogen atoms.
151) Which picture represents an acidic salt?

A) (1)
B) (2)
C) (3)
D) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 3
152) Which picture represents a neutral salt?

A) (1)
B) (2)
C) (3)
Answer: C
Diff: 3
153) Which picture represents a basic salt?

A) (1)
B) (2)
C) (3)
Answer: A
Diff: 3
44
154) Of the elements indicated on the periodic table shown above, which forms the strongest
binary acid, H2X or HX, where
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: D
Diff: 3
155) Of the elements indicated on the periodic table shown above, which forms the weakest
binary acid, H2X or HX, where
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: A
Diff: 3
156) Of the elements indicated on the periodic table shown above, which forms the strongest
oxoacid acid with the formula H2XO3 or HXO3, where
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: B
Diff: 3
45
157) Of the elements indicated on the periodic table shown above, which forms the weakest
oxoacid acid with the formula H2XO3 or HXO3, where
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: C
Diff: 3
158) SO3 reacts with H2O to form H2SO4. Which picture below correctly represents the curved
arrow notation for the initial Lewis acid-Lewis base interaction in this reaction; what is the
Lewis acid and the Lewis base?
A) Picture (1) is correct; H2O is the Lewis acid and SO3 is the Lewis base.
B) Picture (1) is correct; SO3 is the Lewis acid and H2O is the Lewis base.
C) Picture (2) is correct; H2O is the Lewis acid and SO3 is the Lewis base.
D) Picture (2) is correct; SO3 is the Lewis acid and H2O is the Lewis base.
Answer: D
Diff: 4
46
159) CO2 reacts with H2O to form HCO3- and H+. Which picture below correctly represents the
curved arrow notation for the initial Lewis acid-Lewis base interaction in this reaction; what is
the Lewis acid and the Lewis base?
(1) (2)
A) Picture (1) is correct; H2O is the Lewis acid and CO2 is the Lewis base.
B) Picture (1) is correct; CO2 is the Lewis acid and H2O is the Lewis base.
C) Picture (2) is correct; H2O is the Lewis acid and CO2 is the Lewis base.
D) Picture (2) is correct; CO2 is the Lewis acid and H2O is the Lewis base.
Answer: B
Diff: 4
160) BF3 and NH3 undergo a Lewis acid-base reaction forming an adduct. Which picture below
correctly represents the curved arrow notation for the initial Lewis acid-Lewis base interaction in
this reaction; what is the Lewis acid and the Lewis base?
A) Picture (1) is correct; NH3 is the Lewis acid and BF3 is the Lewis base.
B) Picture (2) is correct; BF3 is the Lewis acid and NH3 is the Lewis base.
C) Picture (3) is correct; NH3 is the Lewis acid and BF3 is the Lewis base.
D) Picture (4) is correct; BF3 is the Lewis acid and NH3 is the Lewis base.
Answer: B
Diff: 4
47
14.2 Algorithmic Questions
1) When dissolved in water, which compound is generally considered to be an Arrhenius acid?

A) H NO2
B) KOH
C) Li F
D) CH3OH
Answer: A
Diff: 2
2) Calculate the hydronium ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains 2.50 × 10-6 M
in hydroxide ion.
A) 4.00 × 10-7 M
B) 4.00 × 10-8 M
C) 4.00 × 10-9 M
D) 5.00 × 10-9 M
Answer: C
Diff: 2
3) Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains 3.50 × 10-4 M
in hydronium ion.
A) 2.86 × 10-3 M
B) 2.86 × 10-10 M
C) 2.86 × 10-11 M
D) 3.50 × 10-11 M
Answer: C
Diff: 2
48
4) A solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 3.25 × 10-6 M is ________ and has a
hydroxide ion concentration of ________.
A) acidic, 3.08 × 10-8 M
B) acidic, 3.08 × 10-9 M
C) basic, 3.08 × 10-8 M
D) basic, 3.08 × 10-9 M
Answer: B
Diff: 2
5) A solution with a hydroxide ion concentration of 4.15 × 10-6 M is ________ and has a
hydrogen ion concentration of ________.
A) acidic, 2.41 × 10-8 M
B) acidic, 2.41 × 10-9 M
C) basic, 2.41 × 10-8 M
D) basic, 2.41 × 10-9 M
Answer: D
Diff: 2
6) Calculate the pH for an aqueous solution of acetic acid that contains hydronium
ion.
A) 4.65 × 10-12 M
B) 2.15 × 10-3 M
C) 2.67
D) 11.33
Answer: C
Diff: 2
7) Calculate the pH for an aqueous solution of pyridine that contains hydroxide ion.
A) 4.65 × 10-11
B) 2.15 × 10-4
C) 3.67
D) 10.33
Answer: D
Diff: 2
49
8) What is the hydroxide ion concentration and the pH for a hydrochloric acid solution that has a
hydronium ion concentration of
A) 6.67 × 10-12 M, 2.82
B) 6.67 × 10-12 M, 11.18
C) 6.67 × 10-13 M, 1.82
D) 6.67 × 10-13 M, 12.17
Answer: C
Diff: 2
9) What is the hydronium ion concentration and the pH for an aqueous solution of NH3 that has
a hydroxide ion concentration of
A) 4.44 × 10-12 M and 2.65
B) 4.44 × 10-12 M and 11.35
C) 4.44 × 10-13 M and 1.65
D) 4.44 × 10-13 M and 12.35
Answer: D
Diff: 2
10) What is the hydronium ion concentration of an acid rain sample that has a pH of 3.45?
A) 2.82 × 10-11 M
B) 3.55 × 10-4 M
C) 3.45 M
D) 10.55 M
Answer: B
Diff: 2
11) What is the hydroxide ion concentration of a lye solution that has a pH of 9.20?
A) 6.31 × 10-10 M
B) 1.58 × 10-5 M
C) 4.80 M
D) 9.20 M
Answer: B
Diff: 2
50
12) What is the pH of a 0.020 M HClO4 solution?
A) 0.020
B) 0.040
C) 1.70
D) 12.30
Answer: C
Diff: 2
13) What is the pH of a 0.040 M Ba(OH)2 solution?

A) 1.10
B) 1.40
C) 12.60
D) 12.90
Answer: D
Diff: 3
14) What is the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.45 grams of solid CaO (lime) in
enough water to make 2.00 L of aqueous Ca(OH)2 (limewater)?
CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca2+(aq) + 2 OH-(aq)
A) 2.10
B) 2.40
C) 11.60
D) 11.90
Answer: D
Diff: 3
15) What is the pH of a solution prepared by diluting 20.00 mL of 0.10 M HCl with enough
water to produce a total volume of 100.00 mL?
A) 1.00
B) 1.70
C) 2.00
D) 3.40
Answer: B
Diff: 3
51
16) What is the pH of a solution prepared by diluting 100.00 mL of 0.020 M Ba(OH)2 with
enough water to produce a total volume of 250.00 mL?
A) 1.80
B) 2.10
C) 11.90
D) 12.20
Answer: D
Diff: 3
17) What is the pH of a solution prepared by mixing 100.00 mL of 0.20 M HCl with 150.00 mL
of 0.10 M HCl? Assume that the volumes are additive.
A) 0.17
B) 0.52
C) 0.85
D) 1.70
Answer: C
Diff: 3
18) What is the pH of a solution prepared by mixing 100.00 mL of 0.020 M Ca(OH)2 with 50.00
mL of 0.300 M NaOH? Assume that the volumes are additive.
A) 13.05
B) 13.10
C) 13.28
D) 13.58
Answer: B
Diff: 3
19) What is the hydronium ion concentration of a 0.500 M acetic acid solution with Ka = 1.8 ×
10-5? The equation for the dissociation of acetic acid is:
CH3CO2H(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + CH3CO2-(aq).
A) 3.0 × 10-2 M
B) 4.2 × 10-2 M
C) 3.0 × 10-3 M
D) 4.2 × 10-3 M
Answer: C
Diff: 3
52
20) What is the hydronium ion concentration of a 0.150 M hypochlorous acid solution with
The equation for the dissociation of hypochlorous acid is:
HOCl(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + OCl-(aq).
A) 1.9 × 10-4 M
B) 7.2 × 10-4 M
C) 2.8 × 10-5 M
D) 7.2 × 10-5 M
Answer: D
Diff: 3
21) Potassium hydrogen phthalate (molar mass = 204.2 g/mol)is one of the most commonly used
acids for standardizing solutions containing bases. KHP is a monoprotic weak acid with
Calculate the pH of the solution that results when 0.50 g of KHP is dissolved in
enough water to produce 25.0 mL of solution.
A) 2.05
B) 3.21
C) 4.40
D) 5.41
Answer: B
Diff: 4
22) Calculate the pH of a 0.080 M carbonic acid solution, H2CO3(aq), that has the stepwise
dissociation constants Ka1 = 4.3 × 10-7 and Ka2 = 5.6 × 10-11.
A) 1.10
B) 3.73
C) 6.37
D) 10.25
Answer: B
Diff: 4
53
23) Calculate the pH of a 0.60 M H2SO3, solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants
Ka1 = 1.5 × 10-2 and
A) 1.02
B) 1.06
C) 1.82
D) 2.04
Answer: B
Diff: 5
24) Calculate the concentration of bicarbonate ion, HCO3-, in a 0.010 M H2CO3 solution that
has the stepwise dissociation constants Ka1 = 4.3 × 10-7 and Ka2 = 5.6 × 10-11.
A) 6.6 × 10-5 M
B) 4.3 × 10-7 M
C) 4.3 × 10-9 M
D) 5.6 × 10-11 M
Answer: A
Diff: 4
25) What is the pH of a 0.40 M H2Se solution that has the stepwise dissociation constants Ka1 =
1.3 × 10-4 and
A) 2.14
B) 3.89
C) 4.28
D) 5.57
Answer: A
Diff: 3
26) What is the selenide ion concentration [Se2-] for a 0.100 M H2Se solution that has the
stepwise dissociation constants of and
A) 3.6 × 10-3 M
B) 1.3 × 10-4 M
C) 1.3 × 10-5 M
D) 1.0 × 10-11 M
Answer: D
Diff: 3
54
27) What is the pH of a 0.200 M NH3 solution that has Kb = 1.8 × 10-5? The equation for the
dissociation of NH3 is
A) 2.02
B) 2.72
C) 11.98
D) 11.28
Answer: D
Diff: 3
28) What is the pH of a 0.30 M pyridine solution that has Kb = 1.9 × 10-9? The equation for the
dissociation of pyridine is
A) 4.62
B) 8.72
C) 9.38
D) 10.38
Answer: C
Diff: 4
29) Aniline, (C6H5NH2, Kb = at 25°C) is an industrially important amine used in the

making of dyes. Determine the pH of an aniline solution made by dissolving 6.90 g of aniline in
enough water to make 100 mL of solution.
A) 4.75
B) 9.25
C) 9.50
D) 10.50
Answer: B
Diff: 4
55
30) Determine the ammonia concentration of an aqueous solution that has a pH of 11.00. The
equation for the dissociation of NH3 (Kb = 1.8 × 10-5) is
A) 3.0 M
B) 0.056 M
C) 1.8 × 10-2 M
D) 1.0 × 10-3 M
Answer: B
Diff: 4
highest pH?
A) KHCO3
B) CsClO4
C) RaO
D) CH3CH3NH3Cl
Answer: C
Diff: 3
32) If an equal number of moles of the weak acid HCN and the strong base KOH are added to
water, is the resulting solution acidic, basic, or neutral?
A) acidic
B) basic
C) neutral
D) There is insufficient information provided to answer this question.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
highest pH?
A) RbI
B) RbBr
C) RbCl
D) RbF
Answer: D
Diff: 3
56
34) Which one of the following salts, when dissolved in water, produces the solution with a pH
closest to 7.00?
A) NH4Br
B) Ca O
C) K HSO4
D) CsI
Answer: D
Diff: 3
35) Calculate the pH of a 0.800 M NaCH3CO2 solution. Ka for acetic acid, CH3CO2H, is
A) 2.42
B) 4.68
C) 9.32
D) 11.58
Answer: C
Diff: 5
36) Calculate the pH of a 1.60 M KBrO solution. Ka for hypobromous acid, HBrO, is
A) 2.55
B) 4.25
C) 9.75
D) 11.45
Answer: D
Diff: 5
37) Calculate the pH of a 1.60 M CH3NH3Cl solution. Kb for methylamine, CH3NH2, is
A) 1.61
B) 5.18
C) 8.82
D) 12.39
Answer: B
Diff: 5
57
lowest pH?
A) NaCl
B) KCl
C) MgCl2
D) AlCl3
Answer: D
Diff: 3
14.3 Short Answer Questions
1) The Brønsted-Lowry acid in the chemical equation below is _________.

HNO2(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + NO2–(aq)
Answer: HNO2
Diff: 2
2) The equilibrium constant for the reaction below has the value Ka = 3.5 × 10–4. In this
reaction the Brønsted-Lowry acid is ________.
HF(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + F–(aq)
Answer: HF
Diff: 2
3) A proton hydrated by four water molecules has the formula ________.

Answer: H9O4+
Diff: 3
4) An acidic solution with hydronium ion concentration [H+] = 1.60 × 10–3 M has a hydroxide
ion concentration [OH–] = ________.
Answer: 6.25 × 10–12 M
Diff: 2
5) At 50°C the value of Kw is 5.5 × 10–14, and the pH of a neutral solution at 50°C is ________.
Answer: 6.63
Diff: 3
58
6) The pH of a 0.025 M KOH solution is ________.
Answer: 12.40
Diff: 2
7) The value of Ka for a 0.250 M HCN solution having a pH of 4.956 is ________.

Answer: 4.90 × 10–10
Diff: 3
8) A 0.050 M solution of hydroxylamine, NH2OH, having Kb = 9.1 × 10–9 has a pH of

________.
Answer: 9.33
Diff: 4
9) A 0.10 M KNO2 solution will have a pH ________ seven.

Answer: greater than
Diff: 2
10) The acid strength of an oxoacid having the general formula HnYOm increases as the
electronegativity of Y ________ and as the oxidation number of Y ________.
Answer: increases, increases
Diff: 3
59

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General Chemistry: Atoms First, 2e (McMurry and Fay)

Chapter 14 Aqueous Equilibria: Acids and Bases

14.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) An Arrhenius acid is best defined as a

2) When dissolved in water, which of the following compounds is an Arrhenius acid?

3) An Arrhenius base is best defined as a

4) When dissolved in water, which of the following compounds is an Arrhenius base?

6) Which one of the following species acts as a Brønsted-Lowry acid in water?

8) Indicate all the Brønsted-Lowry acids in the following chemical reaction

14) What is the conjugate acid of the Brønsted-Lowry base HAsO42-?

19) Which Brønsted-Lowry acid has the strongest conjugate base?

27) Determine the strongest acid of the set.

28) Arrange the acids in order of increasing acid strength.

45) What statement is most consistent for an acid with a pH = 3?

51) What is the pH of a 0.020 M RbOH solution?

52) What is the pH of a 0.020 M Ba(OH)2 solution?

68) The p of HCN is 9.31. What is the pH of a 0.52 M solution of HCN?

73) A tablet containing 500.0 mg of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid or was dissolved in

80) Which of the following are weak diprotic acids?

87) Which of the following can be classified as a weak base?

90) The concentration of C N in a 0.20 M methylamine (C ) solution is 2.32 ×

100) Which of the following salts are acidic?

108) Calculate the pH of a 0.100 M CH3NH3Cl solution. Kb for methylamine, CH3NH2, is

114) What is the strongest acid among the following?

115) What is the strongest acid among the following?

116) What is the weakest acid among the following?

119) What is the strongest acid among the following?

120) What is the strongest acid of the following?

121) What is the strongest acid among the following?

122) What is the strongest acid among the following?

126) Which one of the following is not considered to be a Lewis base?

128) The compound BF3 can be described as a(n)

129) Identify the set of Lewis acids.

131) Identify the Brønsted-Lowry acids.

132) Identify the Brønsted-Lowry bases.

133) Identify the Brønsted-Lowry acids.

134) Identify the Brønsted-Lowry bases.

135) Identify the Brønsted-Lowry acid/base conjugate pairs.

In the following reaction the unshaded spheres represent H atoms.

136) Identify the Brønsted-Lowry acid/base conjugate pairs.

137) Arrange the three acids in order of increasing acid strength.

138) Which acid, if any, is a strong acid?

139) Which acid has the smallest value of Ka?

141) Which acid solution has the lowest pH?

144) Arrange the acids in order of increasing acid strength.

145) Arrange the acids in order of increasing value of Ka.

146) Arrange the acids in order of increasing value of percent dissociation.

151) Which picture represents an acidic salt?

152) Which picture represents a neutral salt?

153) Which picture represents a basic salt?

1) When dissolved in water, which compound is generally considered to be an Arrhenius acid?

13) What is the pH of a 0.040 M Ba(OH)2 solution?

29) Aniline, (C6H5NH2, Kb = at 25°C) is an industrially important amine used in the

37) Calculate the pH of a 1.60 M CH3NH3Cl solution. Kb for methylamine, CH3NH2, is

14.3 Short Answer Questions

1) The Brønsted-Lowry acid in the chemical equation below is _________.

3) A proton hydrated by four water molecules has the formula ________.

7) The value of Ka for a 0.250 M HCN solution having a pH of 4.956 is ________.

8) A 0.050 M solution of hydroxylamine, NH2OH, having Kb = 9.1 × 10–9 has a pH of

9) A 0.10 M KNO2 solution will have a pH ________ seven.

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