Formulas for water content determination Shortcuts Titration Curves

according to KF
Instead of using VEQ and QEQ, you can also use E [mV, pH, µA...] E
R=(VEQ*CONC- Content; Stromboli blank the corresponding short forms (V and Q) in the
TIME*DRIFT/1000)*C value formulas. EQP Titration Function [1] EQP Titration Function [2]
[mg für C=1, µg für C=1000]
R=(VEQ*CONC- Content blank value com- If you leave out the symbol index of a symbol, EST1
B[Blank Stromboli]/1000- pensated (B in µg) Symbol Index 1 will be used. EHNV1 nEQ = 1 nEQ = 2
TIME*DRIFT/1000)*C/m For example: VEQ stands for VEQ1
[% für C=0.1, ppm für C=1000]
R=C*[(msol+mext)/mext]- External dissolution (B in If you leave out the group index of a symbol, EEQ2[2]
B*msol/mext) %), Group Index 1 will be used.
2
[%] (C=(VEQ*CONC- For example: VEQ1 stands for VEQ1[1] 1
TIME*DRIFT/1000)*0.1/m)
EEQ1
R=100/(100-C)*(C*msol/mext- External extraction (B in All three rules can also be combined.
B*msol/mext) %), For example: Q stands for QEQ1[1]
[%] (C=(VEQ*CONC- EEQ1[2]
1
TIME*DRIFT/1000)*0.1/m)
CONC=CONT*m/(VEQ-(DRIFT/ Concentration; CONC(alt)
CONC(alt))*TIME/1000) indicates the current setup
V [mL]
[mg/mL] value at the time of the
VEQ1[1] = V VEX V1[2] V2[2] VEX[2]
mit CONT: [mg/g], m: [g] calculation.
QEQ1[1] = Q QEX Q1[2] Q2[2] QEX[2]

VEND[1] / QEND[1] VEND[2] / QEND[2]

Make your titrator even more efficient with additional intelligent solutions from METTLER TOLEDO: Symbols (Raw Results) Mathematical Functions and Operators
EQP-, EP- and Two-phase Titration Function Functions
Applications With applications from METTLER TOLEDO for customized solutions to your needs. EST Initial potential prior to titrant addition: [mV, pH, µA, ...] Logarithm to base 10 lg(x)
www.mt.com/Titration_Applications EPD Potential after predis pensing: [mV, pH, µA, ...] Logarithm to base e ln(x)
Automation Consistently increased productivity and higher sample output for your titrations with EEQ Potential of the EQP's and EP's: [mV, pH, µA, ...] Exponential to base 10 pw(x)
automatic titration systems. www.mt.com/Titration_Automation VEQ (V) mL consumption up to EQP or EP Exponential to base e ex(x)
QEQ (Q) mmol consumption up to EQP or EP Square sq(x)
Software Complete overview and total control with LabX Titration Software. VEX mL excess after EQP or EP Square root sr(x)
www.mt.com/LabXTitration QEX mmol excess after EQP or EP
VEND Total titrant consumption in mL Mathematical operators
QEND Total titrant consumption in mmol Addition +
Vt(x) Titrant consumption up to time period x in mL Subtraction −
Qt(x) Amount of substance material consumption up to time Multiplication *
period x in mmol Division /
t Duration of the titration in min
Memo Card: T50 / T70 / T90 Titrators

Comparison operators
EQP-, and Two-phase Titration Function equal to =
EHNV Half neutralization value larger than >
(potential at VEQ/2): [mV, pH, µA, ...] larger than or equal to >=
© Mettler-Toledo AG 2006, 2007, 2008

BETAHNV Buffer capacity at VEQ/2: [mmol/mL], [mol/L] smaller than <

nEQ Number of found equivalence points and equivalence smaller than or equal to <=
point candidates x in the range of …< x <…
VE(x) Titrant consumption up to defined potential x in mL not equal to <>
0809/7.12 ME-51710421B

QE(x) Titrant consumption up to defined potential x in mmol approximately ~

Symbols (Raw Results & Results) Symbols (Sample Data) Specific Karl-Fischer symbols C=M ––
C = M*1000 ––
Stating Function nTOT Number of samples per loop Raw results C = M/(10*z) [g/100mL], [%] (w/v)
VENDSt Total titrant volume: [mL] m Sample size: [g, mL, pcs.] TIME Duration of a sample analysis from the end C = 56.1 ––
VPTSt For the pretitration used titrant volume. d Density of a sample or a standard: [g/mL] of Standby mode to the end of the titration
VStt(x) Up to time period (x) consumption volume: wp Weight per piece: [g/pc.] method function (incl. waiting for sample Desired indication of the result:
[mL] f Correction factor addition): [min] content per sample piece
QENDSt Total amount of substance material: [mmol] Ts Specified temperature: [°C, K, °F] DRIFT Consumption (mass) per minute for the
QPTSt For the pretitration used quantity of the titrant. n Sample number titration method function (water quantity per Input of the sample in [pcs.]: R = QEQ*C/m
QStt(x) Substance material consumption up to time time unit that penetrates the titration stand):
period (x): [mmol] Symbols (Resource Data) [µg/min] Constant Unit of Measure
ESTSt Initial potential prior to titrant addition: [mV, DRIFTV Volume of titrant consumption per minute for C = 1/z [mmol/pc.]
pH, µA, …] Sample (Titer) C = M/z [mg/pc.]
the drift determination: [µL/min]
EPDSt Potential after predispensing wait time d Density of a sample or a standard: [g/mL] C=1 [meq/pc.]
CW Volume of water titrated up to EP (without
EPTSt Potential after pretitration p Purity of a solid titer standard: [%] C = 1000/z [µmol/pc.]
drift or blank value correction): [µg]
CVt(x,y) Mean mL consumption within the time limit cst Concentration of a liquid titer standard: C = 1000 [µeq/pc.]
TEQ Temperature at end point [°C]
(x, y): [mL/min] [mol/L] C = M*1000/z [µg/pc.]
Sample data
CQt(x,y) Mean mmol consumption within the time M Molar weight, standard: [g/mol] C=M ––
msol Solvent weight for titrations of type KF ext.
limit (x, y): [mmol/min] z Equivalent number, standard C = M*1000 ––
extr. (external extraction): [g]
CORRt(x,y) Coefficient of correlation mext Extracted sample quantity for titrations of C = M/(10*z) ––
CONt(x) The reaction conversion at the time (x): [%] Blanks, Auxiliary Values, Substances C = 56.1 ––
type KF Ext. Extr.: [g]
tSt Duration: [min] B Blank: [µg, mmol, …]
Resource data
tCON(x) The time until x% of the titrant are converted: H Auxiliary value Calculation Formulas for Titer Determination
CONC Actual titrant concentration: [mg/g]
[min] M Molar weight, substance: [g/mol]
CONT Water content of the KF standard [mg/g,
z Equivalent number, substance Standard type: solid (input type = weight)
mg/mL, %, ppm, mg/St.]
Dispensing (Normal) and Dispensing (Controlled) R = m/(VEQ*c*C) C = M/(10*p*z)
Function Titrant (for Method Functions Ti, St, Di)
c Nominal concentration of the titrant used Constants Within the Content Calculations
VENDDi Total titrant volume: [mL] Standard type: liquid (input type = volume)
VDit(x) Consumption volume up to time period (x): cSt Nominal concentration of the titrant used R = m/(VEQ*c*C) C = 1/(cst*z)
Desired indication of the result:
[mL] for stating
content per gram of the sample
QENDDi Total amount of substance material: [mmol] cDi Nominal concentration of the titrant used Standard type: liquid (input type = weight)
QDit(x) Substance material consumption up to time for dosing Input of the sample in [g]: R = QEQ*C/m R = m/(VEQ*c*C) C = d/(cst*z)
period (x): [mmol] TITER Titer of the titrant
Input of the sample in [mL]: R = QEQ*C/(m*d)
tDi Duration: [min] TITERSt Titer of the titrant when stating
Input of the sample in [pcs.]: R = QEQ*C/(m*wp) Formulas for GT
ESTDi Initial potential before titrant addition TITERDi Titer of the titrant when dosing
R = QEQ*C/m Standard formula (content
(for (controlled) dispensing function only) Constant Unit of Measure
Sensors (for Method Functions Ti, St, Me, Di) calculation) for EQP-, EP-
C = 1/z [mmol/g], [mol/kg]
SLOPE Slope of the pH/ISE sensor or the and two-phase titration.
Measure (Normal) Function C = M/z [mg/g], [g/kg]
E Potential: [mV, pH, ...] phototrode R = QENDSt*C/m Standard formula for
C=1 [meq/g], [eq/kg]
T Temperature: [°C, °F, K] SLOPEE(x) Slope of the pH/ISE sensor or the pH-stating
C = 1000/z [mmol/kg], [µmol/g]
ESTMe Initial potential phototrode at potential (x) C = 1000 [meq/kg], [µeq/g] R = m/(VEQ*c*C) Intended for titer with
tMe Duration: [min] SLOPEMean Mean slope of the pH or ISE sensor C = M*1000/z [ppm], [mg/kg], [µg/g] standard substance or
ZERO Zero point of the pH/ISE/temperature sensor C=M –– standard solution
Measure (Measured Value Table) Function or phototrode C = M*1000 –– R = QEQ*C Content per sample
ESTMe Initial potential ZEROE(x) Zero point of the pH/ISE/temperature sensor C = M/(10*z) [%] (w/w) R = VEQ mL consumption
tMe Duration: [min] or phototrode at potential (x) C = M[KOH] = 56.1 [mg KOH/g], (TAN, TBN) R = VEQ/m mL consumption per sample
ZEROMean Mean zero point of the pH or ISE sensor size
Calculation Function CELLC Cell constant of the conductivity sensor Desired indication of the result: R=E Potential of the Measure
R Calculated result used content per milliliter of the sample function
C Calculation constant R = (QENDDi–Q)*C/m Back titration
Indication with St, Me, Di is performed similarly to that of the titrant
Mean[Ri] Mean value of the result Input of the sample in [mL]: R = QEQ*C/m R = (QEQ–B[Name])*C/m Solvent blank factored into
s[Ri] Standard deviation of the result Input of the sample in [g]: R = QEQ*C/(m/d) the calculation
srel[Ri] Relative standard deviation of the result R = pw(-E)*1000 Ion concentration in
tUse Duration of analysis from initial loop to first Constant Unit of Measure mmol/L ([E] = pH, pX, pM)
use in calculation function C = 1/z [mmol/mL], [mol/L]
C = M/z [mg/mL], [g/L]
C=1 [meq/mL], [eq/L]
C = 1000/z [mmol/L], [µmol/mL]
C = 1000 [meq/L], [µeq/mL]
C = M*1000/z [mg/L], [µg/mL]