th

4 FEBRUARY
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING 2023
Detailed Solutions
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 Basic Thermodynamics
Applied thermodynamics
Thermal Engineering and
SECTION-A Heat Transfer
Fluid Engineering
Fluid Mechanics
Fluid Machinery

[MCQ 1M]
Air (density = 1.2 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity,  = 1.5 × 10–5 m2/s) flows over a flat plate with a free stream velocity of U
= 2 m/s. The wall shear stress at a location 15 mm from leading edge is . What is the wall shear stress at a location 30mm
from leading edge?
w w
(A) 2w (B) (C) 2 w (D)
2 2
Sol. (B)
Fluid (, )
From leading edge at 15 mm, w, 1
From leading edge at 30 mm, w, 2
Vx
Reynolds number Re =

For 30 mm

2  30 10−3
Re = −5
= 4000 < 5 × 105
1.5 10
Flow is laminar, for laminar flow
1
w 
x
 w,1 x2 30
= = = 2
 w, 2 x1 15

w
w2 =
2
[MSQ 1M]
Consider a laterally insulated rod of length (L) and constant thermal conductivity. Assuming one – dimensional heat
conduction in rod, which of the following steady-state temperature profile(s) can occur without internal heat generation?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Sol. (A, C)

For T1 > T2, the variation of temperature along its length is given by

For T2 > T1, the variation of temperature along its length is given by
[NAT-2M]
Consider a mixture of two ideal gas of X and Y with molar masses M x = 10 kg/kmol and M y = 20 kg/kmol, respectively

in a container. The total pressure in the container is 100 kPa, the total volume of the container is 10 m3 and the temperature
of the contents of the container is 300 K. If the mass of the gas X in the container is 2 kg, then the mass of gas Y in the
container is ___ kg? (Universal gas constant = 8314 J k-mol–1 K–1)

Sol. (4.018)
Ideal Gas1 → X
Ideal Gas2 → Y
kg
M X = 10
k mol
kg
MY = 20
k mol
mx = 2 kg
PV = n R T
 2 my 
100 10 =  +   8.314  300
 10 20 
my = 4.018 kg

[MCQ 1M]
A heat engine extracts heat (QH) from a thermal reservoir at a temperature of 1000 K and rejects heat (QL) to a thermal
reservoir at a temperature of 100 K. While producing work (W). Which one of the combinations of [Q H, QL and W] given
is allowed?
(A) QH = 2000 J, QL = 500 J, W = 1000 J (B) QH =2000 J , QL =750 J, W =1250 J
(C) QH =6000 J, QL =600 J , W=5500 J (D) QH =6000 J, QL =500 J, W=5500 J

Sol. (B)

QH – QL = W …(1)
Q
 T
7 0 …(2)

 QH = 2000 J, QL = 500 J & W = 1000 J

This condition does not satisfy equation (1)
 QH = 6000 J, QL = 600 J & W = 5500 J
This condition does not satisfy above equation (1)
 For QH = 6000 J, QL = 500 J & W = 5500 J
 QH QL 6000 500
− = − =1
TH TL 1000 100
Equation 2 is not satisfied for this condition.
 For QH = 2000 J, QL = 750 J & W = 1250 J
QH QL 2000 750
− = − = – 5.5
TH TL 1000 100

Since both equation (1) & (2) is satisfied by this condition hence the correct answer is QH = 2000 J, QL = 750 J &
W = 1250 J.

[NAT-2M]
Consider a unidirectional fluid flow with the velocity field given by V(x, y, z, t) = u(x, t) iˆ , where u(0, t) = 1. If the spatially
homogeneous density field varies with time ‘t’ as 𝜌 (t) = 1 + 0.2 e–t
The value of u(2, 1) is _____ (Assume all quantities to be dimensionless).

Sol. (1.137)
V = u( x, t )iˆ → x direction
1D Flow,
(t) = 1 + 0.2e–t
u(0, t) = 1
   
+ (u) + (v) + (w) = 0
t x y z
 
+ (u ) = 0
t x
 
(1 + 0.2e−t ) + [(1 + 0.2e−t ) u( x, y)] = 0
t x
u
0.2e−t (−1) + (1 + 0.2e−t ) =0
x
u 0.2 e−t
=
x 1 + 0.2e−t

 0.2 e−t 
u = 
 1 + 0.2e−t  x + c
 
Given, for x = 0, u = 1
 C = 1
 0.2 e−t
u(x, t) = x +1
(1 + 0.2e−t )

 0.2 e−1 
=   2 +1
 1 + 0.2e−1 
 
= 1.137

[NAT-2M]
The figure shows two fluids held by a hinged gate. The atmospheric pressure is Pa = 100 kPa. The moment per unit width

about the base of the hinge is ________ kNm/m (Take acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m/s 2)

Sol. (57.22)
P1 = 1 g h1 = 1000 × 9.81 × 1 N
= 9.81 kN/m2
P2 = P1 + 2 g h2
2000  9.81 2
= 9.81 + kN/m2
1000
= 49.05 kN/m2
Force per unit width is given by the area of the triangle and it will act at the centroid of the area.
1
F1 =  9.81  1
2

= 4.905 kN/m
 I xc
ycp1 = yc +
Ayc
2h 2
yc1 = =
3 3
Moment due to force F1 at the hinge
M1 = F1 × 2.33
= 4.905 × 2.33
= 11.455 kN-m

2a + b h
s = 
a+b 3

2  9.81 + 49.05 2
=  = 0.777 m
9.81 + 49.05 3

Moment due to force F2

M2 = F2 × 0.777

1
F2 = (9.81 + 49.05)  2 kN/m = 58.86 kN/m
2

M2 = 58.86 × 0.777 kN-m/m

= 45.78 kN-m/m

Moment per unit width about the base of the hinge = M1 + M2 = 57. 22 kN-m/m
[MCQ-2M]
Consider a fully adiabatic piston-cylinder arrangement as shown in the figure. The piston is massless and cross-sectional
area at the cylinder is A. The fluid inside the cylinder is air (consider as a perfect gas), with  being the ratio of specific heat
capacity at constant pressure and specific heat capacity at constant volume of the air. The piston is initially located at a
position L1. The initial pressure at the air inside the cylinder is
P1 >> P0, where P0 is the atmospheric pressure. The stop S1 is
instantaneously removed and the piston moves to the position
L2, where the equilibrium pressure of air inside the cylinder is
P2 >> P0. What is the work done by the piston on the atmosphere
during this process?
( P2 L2 − P1L1 ) L1
(A) A (B) P1 AL1 ln (C) 0 (D) P0 A ( L2 − L1 )
(1 − ) L2
Sol. (D)

2
Wd =  Pexternal dV
1−2 1

2
= P0  dV  Pexternal = P0 = constant
1

= P0 (V2 −V1 )

= P0 A( L2 − L1 )
[MCQ-1M]
Consider an isentropic flow of air (ratio of specific heat = 1.4) through a duct as shown in figure. The variation
in the flow across the cross-section are negligible. The flow conditions at location 1 are given as follows:
P1 = 100 kPa, 𝜌1 = 1.2 kg/m3, u1 = 400 m/s
The duct cross-sectional area at location 2 is given by A2 = 2A1, where A1 denotes the duct cross-sectional area
at location 1. Which one of the given statements about the velocity u2 and pressure P2 at location 2 is true?

(A) u2 > u1, P2 < P1 (B) u2 < u1, P2 > P1 (C) u2 < u1, P2 < P1 (D) u2 > u1, P2 > P1
Sol. (A)

P1 = 100 kPa, u1 = 400 m/s

1 = 1.2 kg/m3 A2 = 2 A1

P1
= RT1
1

P1 100 103
 T1 = = = 290K
1R 1.2  287

 C1 = R1T1 = 1.4  287  290 = 341 m/s

u1 400
M1 = , M1 =  1  supersonic flow at inlet.
c1 341

Hence flow will expand in supersonic nozzle,

P2  P1
u2  u1
2  1

Hence, option (a) is correct.

[MCQ 1M]
Consider incompressible laminar flow of a constant property Newtonian fluid in an isothermal circular tube. The
flow is steady with fully developed temperature and velocity profiles. The Nusselt number for this flow depends
on
(A) Neither the Reynolds number nor Prandtl Number
(B) The Reynolds number but not the Prandtl number
(C) The Prandtl number but not the Reynolds number
(D) Both Reynolds and Prandtl number
Sol. (A)

For a steady & laminar flow, with fully developed temperature & velocity profiles, the Nusselt number is given by

Nu = 3.66 = Constant.

Hence, Nu neither depends on Reynolds number nor Prandtl number.

[MCQ 2M]
Which one of the following statements is FALSE?
(A) For an ideal gas undergoing a reversible polytropic process PV1.5 = Constant, the equation connecting the
𝑃 𝑚𝑇
pressure, volume and temperature of the gas at any point along the process is = , where R is the gas
𝑅 𝑉
constant and ‘m’ is the mass of the gas.
(B) Any real gas behaves as an ideal gas at sufficiently low pressure or sufficiently high temperature
(C) For a real gas going through an adiabatic reversible process, the process equation is given by PV γ = C ,
where P is the pressure, V is the volume and  is the ratio of specific heat at constant pressure and specific
heat at constant volume.
(D) For an ideal gas, the enthalpy is independent of pressure.
Sol. (C)

P mT
 For Ideal Gas PV = mRT  =
R V

 For a real gas to be treated as ideal gas if

PR → 0 or TR  2
 PV = C is valid for only when a perfect gas undergoes an isentropic process
 For ideal gas H = H (T) only
[MSQ-2M]
A very large metal plate of thickness ‘d’ and thermal conductivity ‘k’ is cooled by a stream of air at temperature
T = 300K with a heat transfer coefficient ‘h’, as shown in the figure. The centerline temperature of the plate is
Tp.
In which of the following case(s) can the lumped parameter model be used to study the heat transfer in the metal
plate?

(A) h = 100 Wm–2 K–1, k = 1000 Wm–1 K–1, d = 1mm, Tp = 325K

(B) h=100 Wm–2 K–1, k=100 Wm–1 K–1, d =1m, Tp =325K
(C) h=10 Wm–2 K–1, k=100 Wm–1 K–1, d =1mm, Tp =350K
(D) h=1000 Wm–2 K–1, k=1 Wm–1 K–1, d =1m, Tp =350K
Sol. (A, C)

For using Lumped parameter analysis,

Bi < 0.1

 For h = 1000 W/m2K, k = 1W/mK, d = 1m & T = 350K

hLc hd
Bi = =
k 2k
1000 1
= = 500
2 1

 for h = 100 W/m2K, k = 1000 W/mK, d = 1m & T = 325 K

100 1
Bi = = 0.05 (satisfies)
2 1000
  For h = 10 W/m2K, k = 100 W/ mK, d = 1 m & T = 350K
10 1
Bi = = 0.05 (satisfies)
2 100
 For h = 100 W/m2K, k = 100 W/mK, d = 1 m & T = 325 K
100 1
Bi = = 0.5
2 100

[MCQ-2M]
A cylindrical rod of length h and diameter d is placed inside a cubic enclosure of side length L. S denotes the
inner surface of the cube. The view factor FS-S is
(dh + d 2 / 2) (dh + d 2 / 2)
(A) (B) 1 − (C) 0 (D) 1
6L2 6L2
Sol. (B)

Let the rod be denoted by 1 and the cube by 2.

A1  F12 = A2 F21

A1 1 = A2 F21

 2
A dh + 2 d
F21 = 1 = 4
A2 6L2

F21 + F22 = 1

F22 =1 – F21

  
dh + d 2 
F22 or FS −S = 1 −  2
 
 6L2 
[NAT-2M]
An explosion at time t = 0 releases energy E, at the origin in a space filled
with a gas at density . Subsequently, a hemispherical blast wave propagates
radially outward as shown in the figure. Let R denote the radius of the front
hemispherical blast wave. The radius R follow the relationship R = ktaEb𝜌𝑐 ,
where k is a dimensionless constant. The value of exponent a is _________.
Sol. (0.4)

Given, R = K ta Eb C

K is dimension less constant,

R is the radius
t → time
[t] = [T]
[R] = [L]
[E] = [ML2 T–2]
[] = [ML–3]
By Rayleigh's Method
[R] = [K ta Eb C ]
[L] = [M0L0T0] [T]a [ML2T–2]b [ML–3]c
[L]1 = [M]b + c [L]2b – 3c [T]a – 2b
 b+c= 0
c= –b
 2b – 3c = 1
2b – 3(–b) = 1
5b = 1
1
b=
5

 a – 2b = 0
a = 2b
2
a = = 0.4
5
[NAT-2M]

The velocity field of a certain two-dimensional flow is given by V(x, y) = k ( xiˆ − yjˆ) where k = 2s–1. The co-
ordinates x and y are in meters. Assume gravitational effects to be negligible. If the density of the fluid is 1000
kg/m3 and the pressure at the origin is 100 kPa, the pressure at the location (2m, 2m) is _________ kPa.
Sol. (C)
V = k ( x iˆ − yjˆ) m/s,  = 103 kg/m3
k = 2 S–1
At, P (0, 0) = 100 kPa
At, P(2, 2) = _____

iˆ ˆj kˆ
  
CurlV = =0
x y z
kx −ky 0

 Flow is irrotational and Bernoulli's equation can be applied.

PA VA2 P V2
+ + Z A = B + B + ZB
g 2 g g 2 g
ZA = 0, ZB = 2

V = k x2 + y 2
VA = 0

100  103 PB k 2 ( x2 + y 2 )
 + 0 = + +2
103  g 103  g 2g

100 PB 4(4 + 4)
 = + +2
g 10  g
3 2g
PB = 84 kPa
[NAT]
Consider a counter flow heat exchanger with the inlet temperature of two fluids (1 and 2) being T = 300K and T = 350K.
1in 2in
The heat capacity rates of the two fluids are C = 1000 W/K and C = 400 W/K and the effectiveness of the heat exchanges
1 2
i.e., 0.5. The actual heat transfer rate is _____ kW.
Sol. (10)

C2 < C1
Hence
C2 (T2in − T2e )
=
C2 (T2in − T1in )
350 − T2e
0.5 =
350 − 300
T2e = 325 K
Heat transfer rate
Q = C2 (T2in − T2e )
= 400 (350 – 325)
= 10,000 W
Or 10 kW
 Engineering Mechanics
Strength of Material
SECTION-B Design Theroy of Machine
Vibration
Machine Design

[MCQ-1M]
The principal stress at a point P in a solid are 70 MPa, –70 MPa and 0. The yield stress of a material is 100 MPa. Which
prediction(s) about material failure of P is/are correct?
(A) Maximum shear stress theory predicts that the material fails
(B) Maximum normal stress theory predicts that the material fails
(C) Maximum shear stress theory predicts that the material does not fail
(D) Maximum normal stress theory predicts that the material does not fail
Sol. (A, D)
1 = 70MPa
2 = −70MPa
3 = 0
Maximum shear stress theory of failure:
1 − 2 70 − (−70)
= = 70MPa
 max 2 2
2 − 3 −70 − 0
= = 35MPa
2 2
1 − 3 70 − 0
= = 35MPa
2 2
 max = 70MPa
max ) f = 0.5S yf = 0.5 100 = 50MPa

max  max ) f ,
Hence as per maximum shear stress theory of failure, material will fail.
Maximum normal stress theory of failure:
max = max ( 70, −70,0)
max = 70MPa
max ) f = s yt = 100MPa

max  max ) f , Hence as per normal stress theory of failure material will not fail.
[MCQ-1M]
The effective stiffness of cantilever beam of length L and flexural rigidity EI subjected to transverse tip load W is

L3 3EI 2EI L3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2EI L3 L3 3EI

Sol (B)

WL3
A =
3EI
W W  3EI
ke = =
A WL3
3EI
ke =
L3

[MSQ-1M]
A beam is undergoing pure bending as shown in the figure. The stress(σ) – strain(ε) curve for material is also given. The
yield stress of material is σy. Which of the option(s) given represent(s) the bending stress distribution at cross-section AA
after plastic yielding?

(A) (B)

(C) (D)
Sol. (A, B)

 Full plastic stage (after plastic deformation)

 AB & DE portion plastic deformation

[MSQ-1M]
Which of the plot(s) shown is/are valid Mohr’s circle representation of plane state in material (The centre of each circle is
indicated by 0)

(A) M3 (B) M1 (C) M4 (D) M2

Sol. (A, B)
Mohr’s circle must be about σ axis. Hence option A(M3) and B(M1) are correct

[MCQ-2M]
The figure shows a thin called open to cylindrical vessel of radius r and wall thickness t. The vessel is held along the brims
and contains a constant density liquid to height h from base. Neglect atmospheric pressure, the weight of vessel and bending
stress in vessel walls. Which of plots depicts qualitatively correct sequence of magnitude of axial wall stress (σ 1) and
circumferential wall stress (σ2) any.
(A) (B)

(C) (d)

Sol (c)

pd ( gy) d
Circumferential stress c = 2 = =
2t 2t
2  y
It means σ2 will vary linearly with respect to height
Longitudinal stress,

gH  d 2
Weight of water 4
 = 1 = =
cross section area dt
gHd
 = 1 =
4t
σ1= constant
Hence
[NAT-2M]
A cylindrical transmission shaft of length 1.5 m and diameter 100 mm is made of linear elastic material with a shear modulus
of 80 GPa while operating at 500 RPM. The angle of twist across its length found to be 0.5 degree. Power transmitted at
this speed ______kW (2 decimal, π = 3.14)
Sol (239.24)

0.5 T  1500
 = 0.5 = =
180 80000    1004
32
T = 4569261.3 Nmm
= 4569.26 Nm
2  500
Power = T =  4569.26
60
= 239245.89 W
= 239.245 kW

[NAT-1M]
The figure shows a block of mass m = 20 kg attached to a pair of identical linear springs, each having a spring
constant k = 1000 N/m, the block oscillates on a frictionless horizontal surface. Assuming free vibration, the time
taken by block to complete 10 oscillation is _________(Round off 2 decimal) (use π = 3.14)

Sol (6.28)
Given
S = 1000 N/m
m = 20 kg
Spring are in parallel
Seq = S1 + S2
= 2000 N/m
Seq 2000
n = = = 10 rad/s
m 20
 2 2
T= = sec
n 10
Time required to complete 10 cycles
= 10T
= 2π = 6.2831 sec

[NAT-1M]
Two measuring spur gear 1 and 2 with diametral pitch of 8 teeth per mm and an angular vel ratio |ω2| / | ω1|| = 1/4,
having their centers 30 mm apart. The number of teeth on driver (gear 1) is ____ (Ans in integer)

Sol (96)

Center distance r + R = 30 mm … (1)

T t
Diametral pitch Pd = = = 8 tooth/mm & for meshing gear Pd must be same for both gears.
D d
2 1 r 1
= = =  R = 4r … (2)
1 T R 4
By solving equation 1 & 2
r = 6 mm
R = 24 mm
No. of teeth on gear 1 t.
t t
=8 = 8  t = 96
d 26
[MCQ-1M]
The option shown frame consisting of rigid bar connected by pin joints. Which one of frame is non-rigid?

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

Sol. (B)
l=7
j = 1B + 3T + 1Q
 10B
h=0
F = 3(7 –1) – 2 × 10 – 0
F = –2
Super structure

l=5
j = 2B + 2T  6B
h=0
F 3(5 – 1) – 2 × 6 – 0
F = 0 Structure

l = 13
j = 2B + 2T + 4Q
 18B
F = 3(13 – 1) – 2 × 18 – 0
F = 0 Structure

F = 3(4 – 1) – 2 × 4 – 0
F =1
Non Rigid.
[MCQ-2M]
The figure shows wheel rolling without slipping on a horizontal plane with angular velocity. ω1. A rigid bar PQ
is pinned to wheel at P while the end Q slides on floor. What is angular velocity of bar PQ?

(A) ω2 = 2 ω1 (B) ω2 = 0.5 ω1 (C) ω2 = 0.25 ω1 (D) ω2 = ω1

Sol. (c)

Since wheel is under pure rolling, wheel will rotate about point A. Hence velocity of point P will be
perpendicular to AP.
Now we will calculate instantaneous centre of rotation for link PD.
VP = r1 = ( 3 + 2 )
2 2
1

VP = 13 1

Now VP = r2
VP = 131 = 208 2
 13
2 = .1
208

2 = 1 = 0.251
4

[NAT-2M]
A cylindrical bar has a length L = 5 m and cross section area A = 10 m2. The bar is made of linear elastic material
with a density ρ = 2700 kg/m3 and E = 70 GPa. The bar is suspended as shown in figure and is state of uniaxial
tension due to its self-weight. The elastic energy stored in bar equals _________J (Round off to two decimal
places) (take acceleration due to gravity g = 9.8 m/s2)

Sol. (2.08)
L = 5m
A = 10m2
ρ = 2700 kg/m3
A = 70 × 103 Pa
g = 9.8 m/s2
U=?

L L
P2dx (gAx)2 dx
U = =
0
2 AE 0
2 AE

U = 
5
( 2700  9.8 10  x )2 dx
0 2 10  70 109
 U = 2.08 J
[MCQ-2M]
A spherical ball weighing 2 kg is dropped from a height of 4.9 m on to an immovable rigid block as shown in
figure. If collision is perfectly elastic what is momentum vector of ball (in kg m/s just after impact? (take g = 9.8
m/s2) Options have been round off to 1 decimal

(A) 17 i + 9.8 j (B) 19.6 j (C) 9.8 i + 17 j (D) 19.6 j

Sol. (A)

Velocity of ball just before impact

Vi = 2gh = 2  9.81 4.9
Vi = 9.81 m/s
Since collision is perfect elastic hence
Vi = Vf = 9.8 m/s
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[MCQ-1M]
The S-N curve from a fatigues test for steel is shown. Which one of option gives the endurance limit

(A) S4 (B) S2 (C) Sut (D) S1

Sol. (A)
Fatigue strength at which the S-N curve becomes asymptotic is known as endurance limit.
Hence, S4 represents endurance limit

[NAT-1M]
The braking system shown is figure uses a belt to slow down a pulley rotating in clockwise direction by the
application of force P. the belt wrap around the pulling ever an angle  = 270°. The coefficient of friction between
belt and pully is 0.3. The influence of centrifugal force on belt is negligible. During braking the ratio of tensions
T1 to T2 in belt is equal to ______ (Round off to two decimal) (use  = 3.14)

Sol. (4.11)
T1
= e
T2

0.3270
=e 180

= 4.11
[MCQ-1M]
The resulting bending moment distribution about y and z axes are denoted by My and Mz.

Which one of option given depicts qualitative correct variations of My and Mz along length of beam?

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

Sol (A)

Bending moment due to p is given by

My = p × (L – x ) (ACW)
Bending moment due to UDL is given by
L−x
Mz = – q(L − x)   (CW)
 2 
−q(L − x)2
=
2
[NAT-2M]
The area moment of inertia about axis of linearly tapered section about y axis shown in figure is ____ m4. (Ans
in integer)

Sol. (3024)

3123 1.5 123 1 

Iy = + 2 + 12 1.5  82 
3  36 2 
Iy = 3024 m4

[MSQ-2M]
Cylindrical bars P and Q have identical length and radius but are composed of different linear elastic materials.
The young modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion are twice the corresponding values of P. Assume bar to
be perfectly bonded at the interface and their weights to be negligible. The bars are held between rigid supports
as shown and temperature is raised by T. Assume that stress in each bar is homogeneous and uniaxial denote
magnitude of stress in P and Q by 1 and 2 respectively. Which of statement(s) is/are correct?

(A) 1 < 2
(B) 1 = 2
(C) Inter face between P and Q moves to left after heating
(D) Inter face between P and Q moves to right after heating

Sol (B, C)
FBD of combined bars,

Stress in bar P (σ1) = F/A

Stress in bar Q (σ2) = F/A
Consider equilibrium of bars:
ΣFx = 0
σ1 = σ2
Total elongation of bar:
Δltotal = 0
. 
(  T ) − 1 + 2 T − 1 = 0
E 2E
σ1 = 2 αEΔT
δAB = δAB)m + δAB)th
L
= − 1 + LT
E
2ET  L
=− + ET
E
δAB = – αEΔT (- sign indicates AB is under compression)
As AB is under compression, interface (B) moves towards left
 Manufacturing Engineering
Manufacturing and
SECTION-C Industrial Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Material Science

Manufacturing Engineering
[MCQ-2M]
In, Ideal orthogonal cutting.
V = 1 m/s,  = 5°,  = 45°, applying ideal orthogonal cutting model, consider two shear planes PQ and RS close to each
other, As they approach thin shear zone plane RS gets shared w.r.t. PQ [Point R1 shears to R2 and S1 shears to S2]

Assuming the perpendicular distance between PQ and RS is  = 25 m. The value of shear strain rate (S–1) that the material
undergoes at shear zone
(A) 1.30 × 104 (B) 5.20 × 104 (C) 1.84 × 104 (D) 0.71 × 104
Sol. (B)
Given, V = 1 m/s,  = 5°,  = 45°
Vs V
=
cos  cos( − )
cos 
Vs = V
cos( − )
(cos5)(1)
Vs = = 1.30045 m/ sec
cos(45 − 5)
Vs
=
ts
1.30045
= −6
= 5.20 104 s−1
25 10
[MCQ-2M]
A CNC machine has one of its linear positioning axis, consisting of a motor rotating a lead screw, which in turn moves a
nut horizontally on which a table is mounted. The motor moves in discrete rotational steps of 50 steps/rev. Pitch of screw =
5 mm and the horizontal traverse length of the table is 100 mm. What the total number of controllable location at which the
table can be positioned on this axis.

(A) 2 (B) 200 (C) 5000 (D) 1000

Sol. (D)
P = 5 mm
Number of revs = 100/5 = 20 rev
Total number of controllable locations = 20 × 50 = 1000.

[NAT-2M]
A solid part of polymer material is to be fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) in a sequence shaped layers starting
a
from bottom of the part working upwards. The Nozzle diagram of the additive manufacturing (AM) machine is mm and
10
a
the Nozzle follows a linear serpentine path parallel to the sides of the square layers with a feed rate of mm / min . Ignore
5
any tool path motion other than those involved in adding material and any other delays between layers or the serpentine
scan lines. The time taken to fabricate this path is _______ mint (Round off to nearest integer). All units in mm.

Sol. (1870)
a
mm = 0.1 mm/pass
10
 30
Number of passes in vertical direction = = 30 passes
0.10
Vertical length = 30 × 3a = 90a
Horizontal length = 3a
Total length for single layer = 93a
Assuming each layer thickness as 0.5a
1.5a
Number of layer required = = 3 layer
0.5a
Total length for bottom part = 93a × 3 = 279a.

2a
Number of vertical passes = 20 Passes
0.1a
Total vertical length = 20 × 2a = 40a
Horizontal length = 2a
Total length of travel in single layer = 42a
a
Consider layer thickness as 0.5a → Number of required layer = = 2 Pass
0.5a
Total length = 42a × 2 = 84a
For third step
a
Number of vertical passes = = 10 Passes
0.1a
Vertical length = 10 × a = 10a
Horizontal length = a
Total length of travel in each layer = 11a
0.5a
Assuming each layer thickness as 0.5a → Number of required layer = =1
0.5a
Total length for top step = 11a × 1 = 11a
Total length of travel = 279a + 84a + 11a = 374a mm
374a
T= min = 1870 min
a/5
[NAT-2M]
Upon viewing via optical flat. Monochromatic light of wavelength 0.5 m. 12 finger ware observed over a length 15 mm
of gauge B.
If the gauge are placed 45 mm apart, the difference of the gauges is _______m (Round off nearest integer).

Sol. (9)

Given, G = 45, n = 12, L = 15 mm,  = 0.5 m

 n  G 
h =   
 2  L 

12  0.5 10−3   45

h =     = 9 m

 2   15 

[MSQ-1M]
Two surfaces P and Q are to be joined together. In which of given joining operations there is no melting of the two surfaces
P and Q for creating the joints.
(A) Brazing (B) Adhesive Bonding (C) Spot welding (D) Arc welding
Sol. (A, B)

[MSQ-1M]
In total casting process the manufacture parts, both pattern and mould provide shape by dictating where the material should
or should not go
(A) Mould wall indicate boundaries within which the molten part material is allowed while pattern wall indicate
boundaries of regions where mould material is not allowed
(B) Pattern can be used to make mould
(C) Pattern wall indicate boundaries within which the molten part material is allowed while mould wall indicate
boundaries of region where mould material is not allowed
(D) Mould can be used to make patterns
Sol. (B, D)
[NAT-2M]
Ignoring all small elastic region true stress and true strain variation of a material beyond yield follow the equation
 = 400 0.3 MPa. The engineering ultimate tensile strength value of this material is _______ MPa (Round off one decimal
place).
Sol. (206.6)
At UTS
f = 400 n
n =  = 0.3
f = 400(0.3)0.3
f = 278.73 MPa
 = ln (e + 1) = 0.3
e + 1 = 1.349
f = 0 (e + 1)
278.73 = o × 1.349
278.73
0 = = 206.6 MPa
1.349

[MCQ-1M]
A cuboidal part has to be accurately positioned first, arrest 6 DOF and then clamped in a fixture to be used for machining.
Locating pin in the form of cylinder with hemi-spherical tops are to be placed on the fixtures are positioning four
configuration of locating proposed choose correct one.

(P1) (P2) (P3) (P4)

(A) P4 arrests 6-DOF, P1 and P3 over constrained P2 under-constrained
(B) P3 arrests 6-DOF, P2 and P4 over constrained P1 under-constrained
(C) P1 arrests 6-DOF, P2 and P4 over constrained P3 under-constrained
(D) P2 arrests 6-DOF, P1 and P3 over constrained P4 under-constrained
Sol. (A)
 Industrial Engineering
[MCQ-1M]
Which one of the options represent the feasible region of the LPP?

Max Z = 45x1 + 60x2

x1 ≤ 45, x2 ≤ 50

10x1 + 10x2 ≥ 600

25x1 + 5x2  750

(A) Region P (B) Region Q

(C) Region R (D) Region S

Sol. (B)

[MCQ-1M]
With reference to EOQ model which one of the following options is correct?

PC = Production cost

HC = Holding cost

TC = Total cost

SC = Setup cost
 P1 P2 P3 P4
(A) PC HC TC SC
(B) TC HC SC PC
(C) TC PC HC SC
(D) HC SC PC TC

Sol. (B)

[NAT-2M]
A part, produced in high volume is dimensioned as shown. The machining process making this part is known to be
statistically in control based on sampling data.
The sampling data shows that D1 follows a normal distribution with a mean of 20 mm & standard deviation of 0.3 mm,
while D2 follows a normal distribution with a mean = 35 mm, standard deviation = 0.4 mm. An inspection of Dimension C
is carried out in a sufficiently large number of parts. To be considered under six-sigma process control. The upper limit of
dimension C should be _____mm (Round off one decimal place).

Sol. (16.6)
D1 → x = 20 mm  = 0.3 mm
D2 → x = 35 mm  = 0.4 mm

D2 = D1 + C

C = D2 − D1 = 15 mm

2D2 = 2D1 + C
2

C
2
= 2D2 − 2D1 = (0.4)2 − (0.3)2 = 0.07

(UCL)c = C + Zc
= 15 + 6 0.07
= 16.587 mm = 16.6 mm
 Material Science
[NAT-2M]
2
Atomic Radius of the hypothetical FCC = nm , Atomic weight = 24.092 g/mol, avogadro number = 6.023 × 10 23
10
atoms/mol. The density of the structure is ________ kg/m3.
Sol. (2500)
Given, 4r = a 2
2 10−9
4  =a
10 2
Volume of cell = a3 = (0.4 × 10–9)3
No. of atom  mass
=
Volume  Avogadro number
4  24.092
=
(0.4 10−9 )3  6.023 103
4  24.092
=
(0.4 10−9 )3  6.023 1023
= 25 × 105 g/m3 = 25 × 102 kg/m3
= 2500 kg/m3

[NAT-2M]
A steel sample with 1.5 wt% carbon is slowly cooled from 1100°C to just below the eutectoid temperature (723°C). The
ratio of pro-eutectoid cementite content to total cementite content in the microstructure that develops just below eutectoid
temperature ______.

Sol. (0.53)
1.5 − 0.8
mPro-Fe3C = = 0.119
6.67 − 0.8
1.5 − 0.025
mtotal Fe3C = = 0.220
6.67 − 0.025
mPro-Fe3C
= 0.53
m total-Fe3C
 General Aptitude and General Aptitude
SECTION-D
Engineering Mathematics Engineering Mathematics
General Aptitude
[MCQ -2M]
Which one of the sentence sequences in the given options creates a coherent narrative?
1. I could not bring myself to knock
2. There was a murmur of unfamiliar voices coming from the big drawing room and the door was firmly shut.
3. The passage was dark for a bit, but then it suddenly opened into a bright kitchen
4. I decided I would rather wonder down the passage
(A) 2, 1, 4, 3 (B) 3, 1, 2, 4 (C) 4, 1, 3, 2 (D) 1, 3, 2, 4
Sol. (A)

[MCQ -1M]
A certain country has 504 universities and 25951 colleges. These are categorized into grades I, II, III as shown in
the given pie charts. What is the percentage, correct to one decimal place at higher education institutions (colleges
and universities) that fall into grade III?

(A) 15.0 (B) 66.8 (C) 22.7 (D) 23.7

Sol. (C)

[MCQ -1M]
Planting: Seeds :: Raising : ___________
(A) Child (B) Temperature (C) Height (D) Lift
Sol. (A)
[MCQ -1M]
He did not manage to fix the car himself, so he ______ in the garage.
(A) Got it fixed (B) Getting it fixed (C) Gets fixed (D) Got fixed
Sol. (A)

Option (A) and (D) expresses past tense but in option (D) misses the object.

[MCQ -1M]
The symbols , *,  and  are to be filled, one in each box, as shown below. The rules for filling in the four
symbols are as follows:
1. Every row and every column must contain each at the four symbols
2. Every 2 × 2 square delineated by bold lines must contains each of the four symbols.
Which symbols will occupy the box marked with ? In the particularly filled figures:

(A)  (B)  (C) * (D) O

Sol. (C)

[MCQ -1M]
The minute hand & second-hand of clock cross each other __________ times between 9 :15 AM to 9 : 45 AM on
a day.
(A) 31 (B) 15 (C) 29 (D) 30
Sol. (C)

[MCQ -2M]
Consider the following in equalities
p2 – 4q < 4
3p + 2q < 6
Where, p & q are positive integers, then Value of the (p + q) ______________
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
Sol. (C)
[MCQ -2M]
How many pairs of sets (S, T) are possible among the subset of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} that satisfy the condition that S
is a subset of a T?
(A) 729 (B) 664 (C) 665 (D) 728
Sol. (A)

[MCQ -2M]
In a recently a parent teacher meeting the teacher had very few complaints about Ravi, after all was a hardworking
& kind student, incidentally, almost all of Ravi’s friends at school were hardworking and kind too. But the teacher
drew attention to Ravi’s complete lack of interest in sports the teacher believed that, along with some of his friends
who showed similar disinterest in sports, Ravi needed to engage in some sports for his overall development. Based
only on the information provided above which one of the following statements can be logically informed with
certainty.
(A) Some of Ravi’s friend are hardworking & kind
(B) No one, who is not a friend to Ravi is hardworking & kind
(C) All of Ravi’s friends are hardworking & kind
(D) None of Ravi’s friend are interested in sports.
Sol. (C)

@SolutionsAndTricks

https://t.me/SolutionsAndTricks

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 Engineering Mathematics
[MCQ – 1 M]
The figure shown the plot of the function over the interval [–4, 4]. Which one of options given correctly identifies the
function

(A) |2 – (x)| (B) |2 – x| (C) |2 + (x)| (D) |2– |x||

Sol. (d)

|2 –|x||

[NAT- 1M]
A linear transformation maps a point ( x,
ˆ yˆ ) in plane to the point (x, ˆ according to rule xˆ = 3y, yˆ = 2x . Then the disc x2
ˆ y)
+ y2 ≤ 1 gets transformed to a region with an area equal to ______. (R.O. To 3 decimal) use π = 3.14.
Sol. (18.84)
x2 + y2  1

xˆ = 3y and yˆ = 2x
xˆ yˆ
 y= and x =
3 2
2 2
 xˆ   yˆ 
   +   1
 3 2
 A = (3)(2)
= 6
A = 18.84 unit2

[NAT-1M]
A vector field B (x, y, z) = 𝒙𝒊 ̂+𝒚𝒋 –̂ 𝟐𝒛𝒌 ̂ is defined over a conical region having height h = 2, base radius r = 3 and axis
along z, as shown in fig. The base of cone lies in x – y plane and is centered at origin. If n denotes the unit outward normal
to curved surface s of cone. The value of integral  B.nds is______. (Answer in integer)
S

Sol. (0)

B = xi + yj – 2zk
 B
=1+1–2
=0
 B  nˆ ds
S
Gauss – divergence theorem
 B  nˆ ds = V   BdV
S
=0
[NAT- 1 M]
The value of k that makes the complex valued function f(z) = e–kx (cos 2y – i sin 2y) analytic, where z = x + iy, is _______.
(Ans in integer)
Sol. (2)
f(z) = e–kx (cos2y – isin 2y)
u = e–kx cos2y
v = – e–kx sin2y
CR equation: ux = vy
–ke–kxcos2y = –e–kx(2cos2y)
k = +2

[NAT- 2M]
The smallest perimeter that a rectangle with area of 4 square units can have is ______units (Ans in integer)
Sol. (8)
A = ab = 4
P = 2(a + b)
P = 2  a + 
4
 a
dP 8
= 2− 2 =0
da a
a2 = 4
a=2
b=2
P = 2(a + b) = 2(2 + 2) = 8

[NAT-2M]
x 2d 2 y xdy
Consider second order linear ordinary differential equation
2
+ − y = 0, x ≥ 1, with initial conditions
dx dx
𝑑𝑦
y(x = 1) = 6, | = 2. The value of y at x = 2, is ____ (Answer in integer)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=1
Sol. (9)
d2 y dy
x2 2
+x −y=0
dx dx
Take x = ez or 1/x = e-z
D(D – 1)y + Dy – y = 0
[D2 – D + D – 1]y = 0
D= 1
y = c1 ez + c2 e–z
 c2
y = c1x +
x
c
y' = c1 − 22
x
Given, x = 1, y = 6
c1 + c 2 = 6
given, at x = 1, y' = 2
c1 – c2 = 2
from above two equations c1 = 4, c2 = 2
2
y = 4x +
x
2
y(x = 2) = 8 + =9
2

[MCQ - 1M]
A machine produces a defective component with a probability of 0.015. The number of defective components in a packed
box containing 200 components produced by the machine follow poison distribution. The mean and the variance of the
distribution are
(A) 3, 3
(B) 0.015, 0.015
(C) 3, 9
(D) 3, 3
Sol. (A)
p = 0.015
n = 200
 = np = 3
When random variable follows Poisson distribution then its mean and variance are given by
E[x] = 
x2 = 
x = 3
x2 = 3

[MCQ - 2M]
1
Which one of options given is inverse Laplace transform of ? Where u(t) denotes the unit step function.
s −s
3

 1 −t t 
(A)  e − e  u(t)
3 
 1 −t 1 t 
(B)  −1 + e + e  u(t)
 2 2 
  1 −(t −1) 1 (t −1) 
(C)  −1– e − e  u(t −1)
 2 2 
(D)  −1 + e−(t −1) + e(t −1)  u(t −1)
1 1
 2 2 
Sol. (B)
1 1 1
= 2 =
s − s s(s − 1) s(s − 1)(s + 1)
3

a0 a a
+ 1 + 2
s (s − 1) (s + 1)
a 0 = −1
a1 = 1/ 2
a2 = 1 / 2
−1 1 1
X(s) = + +
s 2(s − 1) 2(s + 1)

X(t) =  −1 + e+ t + e−t  u(t)

1 1
 2 2 

[MCQ-2M]
dy
The initial value problem + 2y = 0 , y(0) = 1 is solved numerically using forward Euler’s method with a constant and
dt
positive time step of t. Let yn represent the numerical solution obtained after n-steps. The condition |yn+1| ≤ |yn| is satisfied
if and only if t does not exceed _____ . (Ans integer)
Sol. (1)
yn+1  yn
dy
= λy
dx
dy
Comparing with + 2y = 0
dt
(λ = −2) @SolutionsAndTricks
2
h
|λ| https://t.me/SolutionsAndTricks
2
h
| 2|
h 1
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❑❑❑Govt aspirant
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