TASK-1

Part –A

1. A.1)

a) Not a linear differential Equation

b) Not a linear differential Equation

c) Linear differential Equation

1. A.2)

Index No:-07 n= 0+7=7

a) Order=7 and degree=1

b) Order=7 and degree=1

c) Order=7 and degree=4

Part –B

1. B.1)

a) Syms y (t)

 Use the syms function to create a symbolic variable x and automatically assign variable
y(t). When assign a number to the matlab variable y(t) , the number is represented in
double-precision and this assignment overwrites the previous assignment to a symbolic
variable.

b) P= solve (eq1, y)

 Solve the equation eq1 for the variable y returns a structure that contains the solutions.
Solves eq1 with the initial or boundary condition y

c) V= diff(y(x),x,x)

 This is xth difference function calculated along the dimension specified by scalar x. If
order x equals or exceeds the length of dimension x, diff returns an empty array.

d) Con_1= y (0) ==3

 Introducing constant value of differential equation. When y(0) then the magnitude is 3
1. B.2)
−x
297 x
y(x)= −3 x 2+ −902+903 e 12
4

TASK-2

Part-A

2. A.1)

a) F=ma

T-mg = -m ÿ

K(l+y)-kl = -m ÿ

m ÿ + k y =0

b) F=kl

(400/1000)*9.81=k*(3/100)

K=130.8N/M

c) 0.4 y ' ' + 130.8 y =0 , y(0)= 0.03, y’(0)= 32

3 cos ⁡( √327 t ) 32 √ 327 sin ⁡( √327)t

y= 100
+ 327

Part-B
2. B.1) x=[-3:0.1:3];

y=[-3:0.1:3];

[xx,yy]=meshgrid(x,y);

zz=3*xx.^2 + 8*yy.^2;

figure

surf(xx,yy,zz);

title('3D plot');

xlabel('X-axis');

ylabel('Y-axis');

Zlabel('Z-axis');

Colorbar

TASK-3

3.1)

Combining of mathematics and physical science, conditions were deciphered in various ways
which caused errors by and large in the final products. Along these lines, it is possible that this
thought can be extrapolated to different settings, like customary differential conditions and their
applications, uncovering comparable differences. While applying physics or science ideas to set
up mathematical models that will at last act as instruments to comprehend the way of behaving
of dynamics systems including differential equations.

Real world application mathematical modeling in Engineering

A large portion of the situations got by the understudies while displaying various sorts of
systems mechanical, electrical, and fluid, or a combination of these follow the pattern of ordinary
first or second order differential equations. These can be homogenous or non-homogenous and
linear or non-linear. This Engineering model excludes the utilization of partial differential
conditions since the systems to study are all time-subordinate as it were. Along these lines,
understudies are probably going to set up conditions of the structure.
  Pendulum system

The free body outline can

assist one with imagining the idea of summation of forces in a system yielding a subsequent
result of mass and speed increase. For this undertaking, it is the result of inertia and angular
acceleration, since there is a switch or pendulum pivots by the activity of the components
associated with it. Hence, taking into account the inference made from the FBD and also making
use of the Second Law of Newton (F = ma) we can infer the following equation representing the
governing principle in this task:

ΣM =Iθ̈

In this situation, M represents moments contributing to swing the pendulum, I is the snapshot of
dormancy, and θ̈ is the rakish speed increase. As a rule, it is normal that understudies can easily
transfer the notion of ∑F=ma, which entails systems where the mass shows a linear (straight line)
displacement, to this particular situation where the resulting motion is rotational. In this case, I is
analogous to m and a is analogous to θ̈ . Likewise, for this situation, one could begin to perceive
that this system is designed by a second-order differential condition since is the second
derivative of the variable. This suggests a mathematical perspective that could be useful during
the time spent demonstrating the system's way of behaving

By taking into account the Second Law of Newton, the equation resulting from the action of the
components

K1 L 12θ + K2 L 22θ –K2L2Y+C L 22 θ̇ – CL2 ẏ =Iθ̈

Following a standard ODE setting up, equation (2) can be rearranged as follows in order to give
a precise image of the ODE as recognized in the contexts of ODEs:

Iθ̈ +C L 22 θ̇ +( K1 L 12++ K2 L 22 ¿ θ = K2L2Y+ CL2 ẏ

This articulation contains the variable ߠand its derivates, the coefficients are all constant also, the
right side of the equation shows the input function.
  Circuit model

We could see that the voltage is impacted by the impact of three

components the capacitor (C), the inductance (L) and the resistor (R). The current i s flows
through the circuit and it does because of the potential difference known as voltage. This voltage
changes (diminishes) as the ongoing goes through every one of the components of the circuit.
This reality shows that the measure of the voltage will be different relying upon where the action
is taken.

i s =i 1 + i 2

Also, from Ohm’s law, we know can define v 0as follows

v0
v 0=i 1 R or i 1=
R

Analyze and define the effect of the other two elements involved in the circuit.
Now describe the influence of the capacitor (C) on the system:

1
v1 = ∫ i dt
c 2

1 v0
v1 =
c
∫ (i s− )dt
R

Analysis and description of the effect of the inductance (L) in the circuit, but also, it involves the
other two elements analyzed and thus, it allows obtaining the ordinary differential equation.

di
v1 −v o =L
dt

Finally

d2 v0 d v 0 v 0 is
LC + + =
d t2 dt CR C
2
d v0 d v0
LC 2 + RC + v o= Ri s
dt dt
Gotten a direct second request differential condition with consistent coefficients. There is an
input function is, acting as the input function so this is a non-homogenous ODE.

Real world application mathematical modeling in Science

A physical magnitude such as the shear stress on the endothelial film, which is truly challenging
to test in vitro, can be effortlessly determined on genuine geometries got with tri-dimensional
calculations, because of the help of modern and painless information obtaining innovations such
as nuclear magnetic resonance, digital angiography, axial tomography, and Doppler anemometry.

Flowing in arteries and veins, blood mechanically interacts with vessel walls, generating
complex fluid-structural interaction problems. Indeed, the pressure wave moves mechanical
energy to the walls, which enlarge; such energy is gotten back to the bloodstream while the
vessels
are
compacted. Vascular reenactment of the collaboration between the liquid and the wall requires
algorithms that portray both the energy transfer between the fluid and the structure

 Mathematical Models for America’s Cup

The standard methodology embraced in America's Cup configuration groups to assess whether a
design change (and the wide range of various plan adjustments that this change suggests) is
universally favorable, depends on the utilization of a Velocity Prediction Program (VPP), which
can be utilized to appraise the boat speed and mentality for any endorsed breeze condition and
cruising point. A mathematical prediction of boat speed and demeanor can be gotten by
modeling the balance between the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic forces acting on the boat.

D h +T a=0

Sh + Sa =0
 M h + M a=0

where Dh is the hydrodynamic drag (along the course direction), T a is the aerodynamic thrust, Sh
is the hydrodynamic side force perpendicular to the course, Sa is the aerodynamic side force, M h
and M aare, respectively, the hydro mechanical righting moment and the aerodynamic heeling
moment around the boat mean line

In a VPP program, every one of the terms in systems is displayed as elements of boat speed, heel
point, and yaw point. Reasonable connections between the levels of opportunity of the
framework and the different force parts can be gotten in light of different sources of information:
trial results, theoretical forecasts, and numerical simulations The role of cutting-edge
computational

fluid dynamics is to supply exact evaluations of the forces following up on the boat in various
cruising conditions to work on the unwavering quality of the forecast of the overall performance
related to a given design configuration.

Real world application mathematical modeling in Medicine

Mathematics in present-day science is the need for numerical reasoning to understand complex
peculiarities. The mathematical methodology incorporates measurement of perceptions,
demonstration, arrangement, enhancement, information handling, examination, forecast, and
approval. In turn, it is also true that mathematics owes much of its inspiration and vigorous
development to the natural sciences and, increasingly, also to biology, psychology, economy,
social sciences and medicine

Medical applications of mathematics have a place with an enormous number of branches. As

opposed to focusing in on a particular one, we have chosen a sample of distinct contributions in
neuroscience, cardiology and pathology to show the conceivable outcomes of the mathematical
approach and how it can improve subjects of various nature

 Computational fluid dynamics

The utilization of computational liquid elements to medication is very normal albeit

exceptionally nontrivial, principally for the accompanying two reasons. First, most bio fluids
(e.g. blood, semen, lymph) are non-Newtonian, i.e. unlike the more familiar Newtonian fluids
such as water, their behavior is not described by the Nervier–Stokes equation. Second, the
boundaries of the vessels and cavities conveying and containing fluids in the human body are
flexible (veins and arteries), time-varying (heart), porous (brain ventricles) or have a mind-
boggling geometry (lungs), which makes mathematical demonstrating much really challenging.

Design of ventricular catheters for the therapy of hydrocephalus, an ailment portrayed by an

overabundance of cerebrospinal liquid in the brain ventricles. geometry and structure of the
catheter openings to get a uniform stream design along the punctured area. Such catheters are
less inclined to impediments brought about by the macromolecules and tissues present in the
cerebrospinal liquid than the standard catheters being used. As compared to a general fluid-
mechanical problem, this particular case is simpler because the cerebrospinal fluid is Newtonian
to a high degree of accuracy and the influence of the ventricle geometry

Accurately positioned in the ventricle. Besides, the creators expected a consistent delta stream.
pulsatile nature of the cerebrospinal liquid attributable to the heart thumping and blood stream,
and measure the comparing amendments. This way they approve their catheter plans under
additional reasonable circumstances. off-the-shelf computational apparatus for liquid elements
alongside assistant lattice and graphical devices.

 Differential equations/dynamical systems

Conventional and partial differential conditions are pervasive in applied science since they
portray time-depending peculiarities; a straightforward model is the segment development given
by the situations of Malthus and Verhulst. Specifically cases, differential equations must be
enhanced to adapt to memory impacts (integrodifferential conditions or time-postpone
differential conditions) and commotion (stochastic differential conditions). On the off chance
that for comfort time ticks in a discrete manner (for example from one age to another in populace
elements), then, at that point, one arrangement with contrast conditions, which is an independent
part of science and the formalism hidden

The hypothesis of dynamical frameworks in discrete time. While the speculations of customary
differential conditions and distinction conditions or dynamical frameworks in persistent and
discrete time so far as that is concerned are advanced and perceived, of course, the hypothesis of
nonlinear fractional differential conditions needs up to this point a bound together methodology.
This deficiency is evaded by and by with mathematical strategies; a regular model was viewed as
computational liquid elements. Give note access passing that the discretization of a differential
condition by means of limited contrasts creates a distinction condition.

The synchronization of neuronal organizations assumes a significant part in mind elements, a

run-of-the-mill concentration on the case being epilepsy. Break down the interchange among
excitatory and inhibitory synaptic associations, and how they join to make both synchronized and
unsynchronized brain action. All the more explicitly, they depict a clever component of
synchronization in organizations of coupled blasting neurons, in view of a tight electrical and
inhibitory coupling that will unquestionably add to the comprehension of the aggregate elements
of swaying neuronal organizations. The outcomes are tried in little organizations and displayed
to hold in bigger ones.

References