Andrew Alarcon

Homework05
Engineering Thermodynamics
MENG 3320
Andrew Alarcon
5–19 A house is maintained at 1 atm and 248C, and warm air inside a house is forced to leave
the house at a rate of 150 m3/h as a result of outdoor air at 58C infiltrating into the house through
the cracks. Determine the rate of net energy loss of the house due to mass transfer.
Answer:0.945 kW

10 m3
Given : P=1 atm , T =248C , R out = ,T final =58C
h
Find : Rate of thenet energy loss of the house
P 101.325 kPa kg
Solution : ρ= = =1.189 ,
RT kPa ( m ) 3
m3
( 0.287
Kg ( K )
( 24+273 ) K)
( 1.189 ) kg 1 kg
mass flow ṁ=
h 3600
s =0.0495( s )
Ėmass∈¿=ṁ h ∧Ė
1 mass out =ṁ h2 , thus Δ Ėmass = Ė mass ,out − Ėmass ,∈ ¿¿ ¿

Δ Ė mass= Ė mass, out − Ė kg

mass,∈¿=ṁ h2− ṁ h1= ṁ c p (T 2−T 1)= 0.0495( s )( 1.005 kJ
kg ( C ) )
( 24 C−5C ) =0.945 kW ¿

Answer : Net energy loss due ¿ mass trasnfer 0.945 kW

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 Andrew Alarcon

5–28 The diffuser in a jet engine is designed to decrease the kinetic energy of the air entering the
engine compressor with-out any work or heat interactions. Calculate the velocity at the exit of a
diffuser when air at 100 kPa and 30 C enters it with a velocity of 350 m/s and the exit state is 200
kPa and 90 C.
m
Given : P1=100 kPa∧T 1=30 C ,V 1=350 , P =200 kPa , T 2=90C .
s 2
Find :Calculate V 2 .

v 21 v2
(
Solution : Ėout − Ė¿ =Δ Ė System , Ė¿ = Ėout , thus , ṁ h1+
2 ) (=ṁ h 2+ 2
2 )
v 21 V 22
h1 + =h2 +
2 2
1 1
kJ
Exit Velocity :V 2 =[ v 21 +2 ( h1−h2 ) ] 2 =[ v 21 +2 cp ( T 1 −T 2 ) ] 2 , cp=1.007 (table A 2b)
Kg ( K )
˙ 1
m2 2

[( 350
m
s
2

)+ 2(1.007
kJ
Kg ( K )
) (30−90 ) K (
1000 2

1
kJ
kg
s
) =40.7
m
s
]
Answer : The exit velocity is 40.7 m/s at the stated values.

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 Andrew Alarcon

5–46 Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions of the steam are 4
MPa, 5008C, and 80 m/s, and the exit conditions are 30 kPa, 92 percent quality, and 50 m/s. The
mass flow rate of the steam is 12 kg/s. Determine (a) the change in kinetic energy, (b) the power
output, and (c) the turbine inlet area. Answers: (a) 21.95 k J/kg, (b) 12.1 MW, (c) 0.0130 m2

m 50 m
Given : P1=4 MPa∧T 1=500 C , V 1=80 , P =30 kPa ,V 2= X 2=92 % , mass flow rate=12 kg /s .
s 2 s
Find : Kinetic Energy change , Power output , turbine inlet area .
Solution :

V 22−V 21 50 2−802 −1950 J KJ

a ¿ Δ Ke= = = =−1.95
2 2 Kg Kg

ṁ h2 v 21 ṁ V 22
b ¿ Ėout − Ė¿ =Δ Ė System =0 , Ė¿ = Ėout , ṁh 1+ =Ẇ out + ṁ h2+
2 2

V 21−V 22 802−502
[
Ẇ out =ṁ h1−h 2+
2 ( 1000 ) ] (
=12 3446−2437.7+
2 ( 1000 )
=12123 kW =12.1 MW)
ṁ v 1 12(0.086442) 2
c ¿ A 1= = =0.013 m
V1 80
kJ
Answer : a ¿−1.95 , b ¿ 12.1 MW , c ¿ 0.013 m 2
Kg

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 Andrew Alarcon

5–62 Refrigerant-134a is throttled from the saturated liquid state at 700 kPa to a pressure of 160
kPa. Determine the temperature drop during this process and the final specific volume of the
refrigerant. Answers:42.3 C, 0.0345 m3/kg

Given : P1=700 kPa P2=160 kPa , Values for refrigerant −134 a

Find : Kinetic Energy change , Power output , turbine inlet area .

Solution :
Ėout − Ė¿ =Δ Ė System =0 , Ė¿ = Ėout , ṁh1 =ṁh 2 , h1=h2

Since Q̇ ≅ Ẇ =Δ ke ≅ Δ pe ≅ 0
P2=160 kPa , h2=h1 , h f =31.18 ,∧T Sat =−15.60 C

Table A−11 ¿ P=0.7 MPa , T =T sat =26.69 C , h1=h f =88.82 kJ /kg

ΔT =T 2−T 1=−15.60−26.69=−42.3 C(Negative sign inidcatesit cooled down)

h2−h f 88.82−31.18
Quality=x 2= = =0.274 5
h fg 209.96

m3
Therefore , v 2=v f + x 2 v fg =0.0007435+ 0.2745 ( 0.12355−0.0007435 ) =0.03445
kg

Answer :a ¿ 43.3 C (cooling), b ¿ 0.0345 m3 /kg

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 Andrew Alarcon

5–72 In steam power plants, open feedwater heaters are frequently utilized to heat the feedwater
by mixing it with steam bled off the turbine at some intermediate stage. Consider an open
feedwater heater that operates at a pressure of 1000 kPa. Feedwater at 50 C and 1000 kPa is to be
heated with superheated steam at 200 C and 1000 kPa. In an ideal feedwater heater, the mixture
leaves the heater as saturated liquid at the feedwater pressure. Determine the ratio of the mass
flow rates of the feedwater and the superheated vapor for this case. Answer:3.73s

Given : P=10 00 kPa T 1=50C , T 2=200 C ,

Find : Ratio of the mass flow rates of the feewater∧the superheated vapor .

Solution :
d Ė system
ṁ1+ ṁ2=ṁ3 , Ė¿ − Ė out = =0 ( steady ) , thus Ė¿ = Ėout
dt
Ė¿ = Ė out , ṁ 1 h1+ ṁ2 h2=ṁ 3 h3 , ṁ 1 h1+ ṁ2 h2= ( ṁ 1+ ṁ2 ) h2

kJ kJ
762.5 −2 828.3
ṁ ṁ h −h kg kg
ṁ2 ṁ 2 [ ]
ṁ1 h1+ ṁ2 h2=( ṁ1 + ṁ2 ) h2 1 h1 +h 2= 1 +1 h3 ,∈terms of y : y h 1+ h2=( y +1 ) h3 , y = 3 2 =
h 1−h3 kJ
209.34 −762.51
kg
k
k

Answer :The ratio of the mass flow rates is 3.73 .

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 Andrew Alarcon

5–78 A thin-walled double-pipe counter-flow heat exchanger is used to cool oil (cp5 2.20
kJ/kg·8C) from 150 to 408C at a rate of 2 kg/s by water (cp5 4.18 kJ/kg·8C) that enters at 228C
at a rate of 1.5 kg/s. Determine the rate of heat transfer in the heat exchanger and the exit
temperature of water.

kg kJ kJ kg
Given : ṁ oil =2 , T 1=150 C ,T 2=40C ,C P =4.18 ,C P =2.20 ,T 3=22 C , ṁ water =1.5
s kg ( C )
water
kg ( C )
oil
s

Find : Rate of heat transfer

Solution :

ṁ ¿ =ṁ out , Ė¿ − Ė out =0 , thus Ė ¿= Ė out

Q̇+ ṁ¿ h¿ =ṁout hout , Q̇=ṁoil ( C poil ) ( T 2−T 1 )=2 ( 2.20 ) ( 40−150 )=−484 kW ( Negative signindicates lost of heat)

thus , Q̇=ṁwater ( C pwater ) ( T 4 −T 3 ) =( 1.5 )( 4.18 ) ( T 4−22 )

77.2=T 4 −22 ,T 4 =99.192C

Answer :−484 kW∧the final temperature of the water will be 99.192 C

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 Andrew Alarcon

5–81 Refrigerant-134a at 1 MPa and 908C is to be cooled to 1 MPa and 308C in a condenser by
air. The air enters at 100 kPa and 278C with a volume flow rate of 600 m3/min and leaves at 95
kPa and 608C. Determine the mass flow rate of the refrigerant. Answer:100 kg/min

kPa ( m3 ) m3
( 0.287 )(300 K ) 600
R T1 kg ( K ) m3 V min kg
Given :v 1= = =0.861 , m= 1 = 3
=696.9
P1 100 kPa kg v1 m min
0.861
kg
Find : Mass flow rate of the refrigerant

Solution : Massbalance :m¿ −mout =Δ msystem=0 ,therefore m1=m2=ma∧m3=m4=m R

Energy balance : E¿ −Eout = Δ Esystem =0 ,thus , E¿ =Eout

m 1 h1+ m3 h3=m2 h2 +m2 h2+ m 4 h4 , m a ( h2−h1 ) =m R ( h 3−h 4 )

kJ
h 2−h1 C p ( T 2 −T 1 ) ( 1.005
kg ( C ) )
( 60−27 ) C
kg
For m R=
h3−h4
≅
h3 −h4
ma =
(324.66−93.58 ) kJ ( 696.9 )
min
=100 kg /min

kg

100 kg
Answer : Mass flow rate of the refrigerant .
min

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