Homework06

Engineering Thermodynamics
MENG 3320

6–1C Describe an imaginary process that violates both the first and the second laws of
thermodynamics.

The First Law of Thermodynamics discusses the changes, and processes that a system
undergoes, when it only deals with conservation of energy. It accounts for the energy
balance involving work interactions, heat interactions, etc., and does not deal with the
possibility of the process, the direction and more. Whereas, the second the law of
thermodynamics helps defining the process and also the direction of the processes. It tells
about the possibility of a process or the restriction of a process. In other words, it helps in
analyzing the performance of processes, cycles, devices, etc.

Example 1) First Thermodynamic Law violation: The Perpetual devices that assure that
energy will flow infinitely, or any tricks that magicians tend to claim that it appeared
form nothing. Usually examples of condensation of any material.

Example 2) Hot water in a cold environment will never get hotter, the energy-heat flow
will always be unidirectional where it goes from the hot to the cold body.

One example that can join both would be when the heat transfer is not equal to the heat of
the air.

Q=W ,Q=15 kJ ∧20 kJ , which results into 15 kJ ≠ 20 kJ ( violating the first law ) , thusthe second work will re

W 20
n= ( 100 )= (100 )=133.33 % which is mroe than 100 % of effiecny which
QH 15

violatesthe second law of thermodynacmis .

6–39 Determine the COP of a heat pump that supplies energy to a house at a rate of 8000 kJ/h for
each kW of electric power it draws. Also, determine the rate of energy absorption from the
outdoor air. Answers: 2.22, 4400 kJ/h

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Solution :

QH
COP=
kJ
8000
h 1 kW
W net ,∈¿ =
1 kW 3600 kJ
h ( )
=2.22−−− Answer ¿

Heat Absortion :Q L=Q H −W net ,∈¿¿

Q L=Q H −W 3600kJ
net ,∈¿=8000
kJ
h
−1 kW ( )h
1 kW
=
4400 kJ
h
−−−Answer ¿

6–77 A Carnot heat engine operates between a source at 1000 K and a sink at 300 K. If the heat
engine is supplied with heat at a rate of 800 kJ/min, determine (a) the thermal efficiency and (b)
the power output of this heat engine. Answers: (a) 70 percent, (b) 9.33 kW

Solution :

TL 300 K
a ¿ Thermal effiency of Carnot heat engine :ηth =1− =1− =0.70=70 %−−−Answer
TH 1000 K

560 kJ 0.0166666 kW
b ¿ Ẇ net ,out =ηth ( Q˙ H )=0.70 ( 800 kJ ) =
min ( )
kJ /min
=9.33 kW −−− Answer

6–100) A refrigerator operating on the reversed Carnot cycle has a measured work input of 200
kW and heat rejection of 2000 kW to a heat reservoir at 27 C. Determine the cooling load
supplied to the refrigerator, in kW, and the temperature of the heat source, in 8C. Answers: 1800
kW, -3 C

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Given :T H =27 C , Ẇ net=200 kW , Q̇ H =2000 kW

Solution :

Desired output Q̇ L 1
CO P R= = = , Ẇ net =Q̇ H −Q̇ L
Required input Ẇ net T H
−1
TL

which can be written as : Q̇ L =Q̇ H −Ẇ net =2000−200=1800 kW −− Answer( The cooling effect of th

1 1800 TL
CO P R= = ,
TH 200 300−T L
−1
TL

T L =270 K=−3 C−−− Answer

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