Dimensions:

Inner tube diameter- 0.1m

Outer tube diameter- 0.15m
Tube length- 25.39m
Materials:
Tube- pure copper
Hot fluid- unused engine oil
Cold fluid- pure water
Problem
In industrial gas turbine engine, a counterflow double pipe heat exchanger is used to cool the lubricating
oil with pure water. The mass flow rate of cooling water through the inner tube with a diameter of 0.1m,
is 0.2kg/s. While the mass flow rate of unused engine oil through the outer annulus with a diameter of
0.15m, is 0.1kg/s. The inlet temperature of hot and cold fluid are 450K and 300K, respectively. If the
outlet temperature of oil is 400K, what is the length of the copper tube. Calculate the heat transfer rate.
Given:
Di=0.1m
ṁc =0.2 kg /s
D0=0.15 m
ṁh=0.1 kg /s
T h ,i=450 K
T c ,i=300 K
T h ,o =400 K

Find:
L=?
q=?
Solution:
Solving for film temperature of unused engine oil
T h , i+ T h , o 450 K +400 K
T h ,f = = =425 K
2 2
From Table A.5 at 425K (unused engine oil)
c p=1.919 kJ /kg ∙ K

μ=0.517 ×10−2 N ∙ s/m2

−3
k =132.5 ×10 W /m ∙ K
Assume Tc,f= 307K, from Table A.6 (liquid water)
c p=4.178 kJ /kg ∙ K
−6 2
μ=739.4 ×10 N ∙ s /m
−3
k =623.2× 10 W /m∙ K
Pr=4.968
Solving for heat transfer rate of hot fluid, from Equation 11.6b
 q=ṁh c p ,h ( T h ,i−T h ,o ) =0.1
kg
s (
2.449
kJ
kg ∙ K )
( 450 K −400 K )=12245 W

Solving for outlet temperature of cold fluid, from Equation 11.7b

q=ṁc c p ,c ( T c ,o −T c, i )

12245 W =0.2
kg
s (
4.178
kJ
kg ∙ K )
( T c ,o−300 K )

T c ,o=314.65 K

For water
Solving for Reynolds number, from Equation 8.6
4 ṁc 4 ( 0.2 kg/ s )
ℜD = = =3443.98 (turbulent)
π Di μ π ( 0.1m ) ( 739.4 ×10−6 N ∙ s /m2)

Solving for friction factor, from Equation 8.21

−2 −2
f =(0.790 ln ℜ D−1.64) =(0.790 ln 3443.98−1.64) =0.044

Solving for Nusselt number, from Equation 8.62

(f /8)(ℜD −1000)Pr (0.044 /8)(3443.98−1000)(4.968)
Nu D = = =23.67
1+12.7 (f /8) (Pr −1) 1+12.7( 0.044/8)1/ 2 ((4.968)2 /3 −1)
1 /2 2 /3

Solving for convection coefficient, from Equation 8.53

Nu D k (23.67)(623.2 ×10−3 W /m ∙ K ) 2
hi = = =147.49 W / m ∙ K
Di 0.1 m

For engine oil

Solving for Reynolds number, from Equation 8.71 and 8.1
4 ṁh
ℜD =
4(0.1kg /s )
π ( D0 + D ¿ ¿ i) μ= =98.51(laminar )¿
π (0.15 m+0.1 m)(0.517× 10−2 N ∙ s/m2)

Using Table 8.2

D i 0.1m
= =0.67 → Nui =5.45
D 0 0.15 m

From Equation 8.71

Dh=D o−Di=0.15 m−0.1 m=0.05 m

Solving for convection coefficient, from Equation 8.70

Nu i k (5.45)(132.5 ×10−3 W / m∙ K ) 2
h o= = =14.43 W /m ∙ K
Dh 0.05 m

From Equation 8.17 (counterflow)

∆ T 1=T h ,i−T c , o=450 K −314.65 K =135.35 K

∆ T 2=T h ,o −T c, i=400 K −300 K =100 K

Solving for log mean temperature difference, from Equation 11.15

∆ T 1−∆ T 2 135.35 K−100 K
∆ T lm= = =116.78 K
ln
( )
∆T1
∆T2 (
ln
135.35 K
100 K )
Solving for overall convection coefficient, from Equation 11.5
 1 1 1
= +
U hi ho

1 1 1
= +
U 147.49 W /m ∙ K 14.43 W /m2 ∙ K
2

U =13.14 W / m2 ∙ K
Solving for tube length, from Equation 11.14
q=UA ∆ T lm ; A=π Di L

12245 W = 13.14
( W
m2 ∙ K)( π (0.1 m)L ) ( 116.78 K )

L=25.39 m

Dimensions:
Side length- 19.25 m
Gap width- 1.6 m
Other important information:
Number of gaps- 12
Materials:
Plate- pure nickel
Hot fluid- refrigerant 134-a
Cold fluid- pure water
Problem
A compact plate heat exchanger consists of a stack of thin nickel sheets which is separated by N gaps of
width a. The heat exchanger is used to cool the refrigerant 134-a with pure water for industrial purposes.
Alternately, the hot and cold fluids flow through the gaps in opposite direction. Suppose the heat
exchanger is cubical, determine the side length L if N=12. The inlet temperature of refrigerant and water
are 380K and 260 K, respectively. Both fluids have the same mass flow rate of 1kg/s. If the outlet
temperature of the refrigerant is 316 K, calculate the rate of heat transfer.
Given:
N=12
T h ,i=380 K
T c ,i=260 K
ṁc =1 kg /s
ṁh=1 kg /s
T h ,o =316 K

Find:
L=?
q=?
Solution:
Solving for film temperature of refrigerant 134-a
T h , i+ T h , o 380 K +316 K
T h ,f = = =348 K
2 2
From Table A.5 at 348K (refrigerant 134-a)
c p=1.919 kJ /kg ∙ K
−2 2
μ=0.009844 ×10 N ∙ s /m
−3
k =59.5 ×10 W /m ∙ K
Assume Tc,f= 288K, from Table A.6 (liquid water)
c p=4.186 kJ /kg ∙ K

μ=1138× 10−6 N ∙ s/m2

−3
k =594.8 ×10 W /m ∙ K
Solving for heat transfer rate of hot fluid, from Equation 11.6b

q=ṁh c p ,h ( T h ,i−T h ,o ) =1
kg
s(1.919
kJ
kg ∙ K )
( 380 K −316 K )=122816 W

Solving for outlet temperature of cold fluid, from Equation 11.7b

q=ṁc c p ,c ( T c ,o −T c, i )

122816 W =1
kg
s (
4.186
kJ
kg ∙ K )
( T c ,o −260 K )

T c ,o=289.34 K

Assume laminar flow for both fluids, using Table 8.1

Nu D =7.54

From Equation 8.66

L
Dh=2a ; a=
N

D h=2 ( NL )=2( 12L )= L6

Solving for convection coefficient of water, from Equation 8.69
NuD k (7.54)(594.8 ×10−3 W /m ∙ K ) 26.91 2
hc= = = W /m ∙ K
Dh L/6 L

Solving for convection coefficient of refrigerant 134-a, from Equation 8.69

Nu D k (7.54)(59.5 ×10−3 W /m∙ K) 2.69 2
h h= = = W /m ∙ K
Dh L/6 L

From Equation 8.17 (counterflow)

∆ T 1=T h ,i−T c , o=380 K−289.34 K =90.66 K

∆ T 2=T h ,o −T c, i=316 K−260 K =56 K

Solving for log mean temperature difference, from Equation 11.15

∆ T 1−∆ T 2 90.66 K −56 K
∆ T lm= = =71.94 K
ln
( )
∆T1
∆T2
ln(90.66 K
56 K )
Solving for overall convection coefficient, from Equation 11.5
1 1 1
= +
U hc hh
 1 1 1
= +
U 26.91 2 2.69 2
W /m ∙ K W /m ∙ K
L L
2.33 2
U= W /m ∙ K
L
Solving for tube length, from Equation 11.14
2
q=UA ∆ T lm ; A=L ( N −1)

32985 W = ( 2.33L W /m ∙ K )( L (12−1)) ( 66.87 K )

2 2

L=19.25 m
Thus,
L 19.25 m
a= = =1.6 m
N 12
Dh=2a=2(1.6 m)=3.21 m

For water
Solving for Reynolds number, from Equation 8.5and 8.1
2 ṁ c D h 2( 0.5 kg/ s)(3.21 m)
ℜD = 2
= −6 2 2
=7.61(laminar)
μL (1138 ×10 N ∙ s / m )(19.25 m)

For refrigerant 134-a

Solving for Reynolds number, from Equation 8.5 and 8.1
2 ṁ h D h 2(0.5 kg /s)(3.21 m)
ℜD = 2
= −2 2 2
=100.03(laminar)
μL (0.00866 ×10 N ∙ s/m )(19.25 m)

Dimensions:
Tube inner diameter- 0.04m
Tube outer diameter- 0.045m
Tube length- 5.27m
Tube pitch- 0.05m
Baffle spacing- 0.12m
Shell diameter- 0.19m
Other important information:
Number of tubes- 10
Number of passes- 1
Number of baffles- 4
Pitch layout- square
Materials:
Tube- pure aluminum
Hot fluid- ethylene glycol water mixture
Cold fluid- pure water
Problem
A one pass shell-and-tube pass heat exchanger is used to transfer heat from an ethylene glycol-water
solution (shell side) to pure water (tube side) for household purposes. The tubes inner and outer
2
diameter are 0.04m and 0.045m, respectively. Assume a convection coefficient of h o=10500 W /m ∙ K ,
density ρ=1080 kg/m3, and specific heat c p=3.790 kJ /kg ∙ K for ethylene glycol-water mixture. The inlet
temperature of the shell and tube side are 100 ℃ and 30 ℃, respectively. Both fluids have the same
direction and mass flow rate of 3.5kg/s. Suppose the outlet temperature of water is 50 ℃, calculate the
rate of heat transfer inside the shell. If the heat exchanger has a total of 10 aluminum tubes, find its
length.
Given:
Di=0.04 m
Do =0.045 m
2
h o=10500 W / m ∙ K

ρ=1080 kg/m3
c p=3.790 kJ /kg ∙ K
T h ,i=100 ℃
T c ,i=30 ℃
ṁh=3.5 kg /s
ṁc =3.5 kg /s
T c ,o=50 ℃
N=10
Find:
q=?
L=?
Solution:
Solving for film temperature of pure water
T c ,i +T c ,o 30 ℃+50 ℃
T c ,f = = =40℃∨313 K
2 2
From Table A.6 at 313 K (liquid water)
c p=4.1786 kJ /kg ∙ K

μ=656.6 ×10−6 N ∙ s /m2

−3
k =631.6 ×10 W /m∙ K
Pr=¿ 4.344
Assume: (ethylene glycol water mixture)
ρ=1080 kg/m 3
c p=3.790 kJ /kg ∙ K

Solving for heat transfer rate of cold fluid, from Equation 11.7b

q=ṁc c p ,c ( T c ,o −T c, i )=3.5
kg
s(4.1786
kJ
kg ∙ K )
( 50−30 ) K =292.502 kW

Solving for outlet temperature of hot fluid, from Equation 11.6b

q=ṁh c p ,h ( T h ,i−T h ,o )
 292.502 kW =3.5
kg
s (
3.790
kJ
kg ∙ K )
( 100−T h , o ) K

T h ,o =77.95℃∨350.95 K

For water
Solving for Reynolds number, from Equation 8.6
4 ṁc 4 ( 3.5 k g /s ) /10
ℜD = = =16967.48(turbulent)
π Di μ π ( 0.04 m ) ( 656.6 × 10−6 N ∙ s/m2 )

Solving for Nusselt number, from Equation 8.60

4/5 0.4 4 /5 0.4
Nu D =0.023 ℜD Pr =0.023(16967.48) ( 4.344) =100.133

Solving for convection coefficient, from Equation 8.53

Nu D k (100.133)(631.6 ×10−3 W /m ∙ K ) 2
hi = = =1581.1W /m ∙ K
Di 0.04 m

From Equation 8.16 (parallel flow)

∆ T 1=T h ,i−T c ,i =100℃−30 ℃=70℃

∆ T 2=T h ,o −T c, o=77.95 ℃−50℃=27.95 ℃

Solving for log mean temperature difference, from Equation 11.15

∆ T 1−∆ T 2 70 ℃−27.95℃
∆ T lm= = =321.52 K ∨48.52 ℃
ln
( )
∆T1
∆T2
ln( 70 ℃
27.95 ℃ )
Solving for overall convection coefficient, from Equation 11.5
1 1 1
= +
U hi ho

1 1 1
= +
U 1581.1 W /m ∙ K 10500 W /m2 ∙ K
2

U =1374.18W /m2 ∙ K
Solving for tube length, from Equation 11.14
q=UA ∆ T lm ; A=π Di L

292.502 kW = 1374.18
( W
m2 ∙ K)( π (0.04 m) L ) (321.52 K )

L=5.27 m