Data:

Shell side : (Water)

kg
Mass Flow Rate= ṁ=0.9
s
o
Inlet Temperature=T ci =35 C
o
Outler Temperature T co=73 C
260+70
T m= =54 o C=327 K
2
¿ Appendix A ( Table A .6 )
kg
ρ=¿985.67 3
m
kJ
C p=4. 181
kg . K
−6 Ns
μ=489∗10
m2
W
k =0.65
m. K
Pr =3.15

Tube Side: (octane)

kg
Mass Flow Rate= ṁ=2.5
s
o
Inlet Temperature=T hi=110 C

Outlet Temperature=T ho=87 o C

400+250
T m= =98.5o C=371.5 K
2
¿ Appendix A ( Table A .4 )
kg
ρ=635
m3
 kJ
C p=2.22
kg . K
−3 N .s
μ=0.23× 10 2
m
W
k =0.11
m.K
Pr=5.18

Solution:
By using heat balance formula ;
Hot fluid(octane) tube side

q h=ṁ h c p .(T hi −T ho)

h

q=( 2.5 ) ( 2.22∗10 ) ( 110−87 )

3

q=127.6 k W
Cold fluid(water) shell side

q h=ṁ h c p .(T hi −T ho )
h

q=( 0.9 ) ¿
q=142.99 kW
Now using LMTD method

Now , calculating Δ T l m ;
o
Δ T 1=T hi −T co=87−35=52 C
o
Δ T 2=T ho−T ci=110−73=37 C

Δ T 1−Δ T 2 52−37
Δ T l m= =
ln
( ) ( )
ΔT 1
ΔT 2
ln
52
37
o
Δ T l m=44.075 C
Now calculating the Reynolds number on tube side:

4 ṁ 4
ℜ= =
π Di μ π ( 30 ×10 ) ( 283 ×10−7 )
−3

6
ℜ=9.5 ×10
As the flow isturbulent above ℜ=4000
4
N u D=0.023 R e D5 × Pr 0.4
0.8
N u D=0.023 ( 9.5 × 106 ) × ( 0.668 )0.4

N u D=7478.5

Hence ,
k
hi =N u D ×
Di

252 ×10−3
hi =7478.5× −3
30 ×10
kW
hi =62.8 2
m .K
Assuming ho for water ¿ table 9.3 ;

h o=5000

W
Assuming Rf factor ¿ be 0.0005 , Also tube material is carbon steel , k =60
m .K

[ ]
−1

U f=
1 15
+ ×
1
+ 0.0005+
15 ×10 × ln
15
10
−3
( )
500 10 62.8× 10 3
60
−1
U f ¿ [ 2.325 ×10−3 ]

W
U f =381
m2 . K
Without fouling factor ;
 ro
r o ln ⁡( )
1 1 ro 1 ri
= + × +
U c h o r i hi k

[ ]
−1

U C=
1 15
+ ×
1
+
15 × 10 × ln
−3
( )
15
10
500 10 62.8 ×103 60

W
U c =470.53 2
m .K
Now , calculating ΔT lmcf ;
o
Δ T 1=T hi −T co=87−35=52 C
o
Δ T 2=T ho−T ci=110−73=37 C

ΔT 1−Δ T 2 52−37
Δ T lm ,cf = =
ln
( ) ( )
ΔT 1
ΔT 2
ln
52
37
o
Δ T lmcf =44.075 C
Assuming F=1 for single pass ;
o
Δ T m=0.9× 159 C
o
Δ T m=143.1 C
Now , estimating required areas A f ∧A c ;

q 5.3 ×106
Af= =
U f Δ T m 381× 143.1
2
A f =97.21m
Also ;
6
q 5.3 ×10
Ac = =
U c ΔT m 470.3× 143.1
2
Ac =78.75 m
Calculating shell diameter ;
 √ √
2
Cl A f ( PR ) d o
Ds =0.637 ×
CTP L

Assuming CTP=0.9∧CL=1 for 90o ∧45o , PR=1.25 , lenght L=2 m

D s =0.637
1
√ √
0.9
×
97.21 ( 1.25 )2 ( 30 ×10−3 )
2
Ds =1.0135 m

Calculation the number of tubes ;

2
N t =0.785 ( )CTP
CL
×
Ds
2
( PR ) d 2O

( )
2
0.90 ( 1.013 )
N t =0.785 ×
1 ( 1.25 )2 × ( 30 ×10−3 )
2

N t =516

So , now we know that ;

( ) ( ) ( )
0.55 0.33 0.14
ho D e De GS Cp μ μb
=0.36
k μ k μw

for 2× 103 < R e s <106

For triangular pitch , Equivalent diameter on the shell side ;

( P T √3 π d o
)
2 2
4 −
4 8
De=
π do
2
∴ d o=outer diameter of tube

C=PT −d o

Now , Bundle cross flow area , A s ;

 D s CB
A s=
PT
Where , Ds isinner diamter of the shell ,C is the clearance between adjacent tubes ,

¿ Bis the baffle spacing

ṁ
Gs =
As

Shell−side Reynoldsnumber ;
Gs De
R e s=
μs
The wall temperature can be calculated as ;

T w=
2(
1 T c 1+T c 2 T h 1 +T h 2
2
+
2 )
So , now we have ;

( ) ( ) ( )
0.55 0.33 0.14
ho D e De GS Cp μ μb
=0.36
k μ k μw

¿ here we have heat transfer coefficient for shell side ,h o ;

value ×k
h o=
De

For tube−side heat transfer coefficient ,

π d 2i N t
Atp = .
4 2
ṁt
um =
ρ Atp
Tube−side Reynolds number ;
ρ um d i
R e t=
μ
4
Since, ℜ> 10 , the flow isturbulent .
'
By usingGnielinsk i s correlation ,
 N u b=
()
f
2
( ℜ−1000 ) Pr

()
1
f 2
1+12.7 ¿¿
2

Where f is the friction factor ;

−2
f =( 1.58 lnRe−3.28 )

So ,

Nu =
( 2)
f
( ℜ−1000 ) Pr

1+12.7 ( ) ¿ ¿
b 1
f 2
2
Thus , heat transfer coefficient for tube, hi ;

N ub k
hi =
di
k is thethermal conductivity of thetube material ,
hi =¿

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients ;

1
U f=

d o d o R ft
+ +
d o ln ( )
do
di
+ R fo +
1
d i hi di 2k ho
Foulingresistance values for a variety of fluidsare given∈TEMA Standards∈Table D.1
1
U c=

do
+
d o ln
( )
do
di
+
1
di hi 2k ho

Now , pressure drop at shell side;

 2
f Gs ( N b +1 ) D s
Δ p s=
2 ρs D e ϕ s

where f is firction factor ;

f =exp ( 0.576−0.19 ln R e s )

( )
0.14
μb
ϕ s=
μw

Note that μb isthe viscosity of the shell−side fluid at bulk temperature ,∧μ w is the viscosity

of the tube−side fluid at walltemperature .

ϕ s=¿

Number of baffles ;
L
N b = −1
B
Hence ,
2
f G s ( N b +1 ) D s
Δ p s=
2 ρ De ϕ s

For the tubelenght ;

Q=( ṁC p )c ( T c 2−T c1 )

Q
Aof =
U of ΔT m

ΔT 1−Δ T 2
Δ T lm ,cf =
ln
( )
ΔT 1
ΔT 2

The facotr F can be estimated ¿ figure ;

Δ T m=F ΔT lm, CF

So , we know ;
A f =π d o L N t
 Af
L=
π do N t

Calculating tube−side pressure drop;

( )
2
LNp ρ um
Δ pt = 4 f +4 N p
di 2