Balance de Energía de procesos no reactivos

Docente: Jhoan Sebastián Saldarriaga

Facultad de Ingeniería
Programa de Ingeniería Bioquímica

Camilo Tuberquia, Osiris Algarin,Oscar Daza,Yeina Becerra

camilo.tuberquias@udea.edu.co - osiris.algarin@udea.edu.co - oscar.daza@udea.edu.co - yeina.becerra@udea.edu.co

Apartadó, Antioquia. 26/11/2023

1. PRODUCING MANGO COMPOTE (40%)

A mango juice at 25°C, containing 10.0% by weight of solids, is directed to an evaporator
where enough water is removed at 1.5 atmospheres to create a product mixture with 50.0%
by weight of solids. Heat is supplied to the evaporator by introducing saturated steam at 2.0
absolute bars through a coil submerged in the liquid. The steam condenses in the coil, and
the juice boils at the normal boiling point of pure water. The heat capacity of the solids is
considered to be half that of liquid water, the final product is such as the figure 1 and
process is represented in the figure 2.
Solve the following questions:
• (15%) Calculate the required steam supply rate (kg/h) for a juice supply rate of 1.00 × 103
kg/h.
965,56506
ṁ 9 kg/h

• (15%) Vapor recompression is commonly used in evaporator operation. Let us assume that
the steam generated in the evaporator is compressed to 2.0 bars and simultaneously heated
to the saturation temperature at 2.0 bars, so that there is no condensation. The compressed
vapor and additional saturated vapor at 2.0 bars are then introduced into the evaporation
coil, where isobaric condensation occurs. How much additional steam is needed?
Vapor 165,565069
Necesario 3 kg /h

• (10%) What other information would be necessary to determine whether vapor

recompression is economically advantageous in this process?

Q 10000 kJ/h

2. FUNCTION FOR Cp (15%)

As part of a design calculation, it is necessary to evaluate the enthalpy change of a rare
organic vapor, which will be cooled from 1800°C to 150°C in a heat exchanger. Despite
searching through all standard references for tabulated enthalpies or vapor heat capacity
data, there is no success until stumbling upon an article from May 1922 in the Antarctic
Journal of Obscure Organic Vapors. This article contains a graph of Cp [cal/(g·°C)] on a
logarithmic scale against [T(°C)]1/2 on a linear scale. The graph is a straight line passing
through the points Cp = 0.329, T1/2 = 7.1, and Cp =0.533, T1/2 = 17.3.
Solve the following questions:
• (7%) Derive an equation for Cp as a function of T .

ca l
•(8 %) Assumethat the relationship ¿ part (a)is as follows :What is the specific enthalpy ∈( )?
g
1
2
C p=0.235 exp ⁡(0.0473 T )

Datos
Cp ¿ T (° C )¿ 1/2
 0.329 7.1
0.533 17.3

La ecuación de una línea recta es :

y=mx+b
1
y=ln ( cp ) ; x=T 2 ; m= pendiente

1
ln (cp)=mT 2 + ln(b)
1
ln ( cp )−ln ( b )=m T 2
1
2
ln (cp / b)=mT
1
ln (cp / b) mT 2
e =e
1
cp m T 2

=e
b
1
mT 2
Cp=b e

Hemos encontradola ecuación con laque trabajaremos

Encontramos m , de la siguiente forma .

ln ( Cp2 )−ln (Cp1 )
m= 1/ 2 1/ 2
T 2 −T 1

ln ( 0.533 )−ln(0.329)
m=
(17.3)−(7.1)
m=0.0473

Encontramos b , conla siguiente ecuación

ln ( b )=ln ( 0.329 )−(0.0473)(7.1)
ln ( b )=−1.4475
 ln (b ) −1.4475
e =e
b=0.235

Ahora , conlos datos de m y b podemos calcular Cp

1
0.0473 T 2
Cp=0.235∗e
B .1800 ºC−−→150 ºC

150

∫ Cp dT
1800

150 1

∫ 0.0473 T 2
0.235∗e dT =−1731.1184
1800

3. HUMEDAD RELATIVA (10%)

El sling psychrometer is a device used to measure air humidity. A porous fabric (the wick)
is wrapped around the bulb of a mercury thermometer, which is then swung in the air. As
the water evaporates from the wick, the temperature of the thermometer bulb drops,
stabilizing at the wet-bulb temperature of the air. The dry-bulb temperature is read using a
second thermometer mounted on the sling. On a summer day, the weather report indicates a
temperature of 33°C and a relative humidity of 40%. You wipe the sweat from your
forehead and tell a friend that you would bet $5 that the report is incorrect, and the relative
humidity is higher than 80%. Your friend immediately places a $5 bill on the table,
accepting your bet. You take out your sling psychrometer, swing it, and read that the dry
bulb temperature is 35°C, and the wet-bulb temperature is 27°C. Who wins the bet?
Analizando la gráfica de la figura A-31E de psicrometría del libro Cengel 7º edición de
termodinámica. El amigo gana la apuesta por que la humedad relativa es errónea a la que
enunció. Debido a que la humedad relativa a 35ºC esta entre 50% y 60%.

4. DRYING OF MANGO (30%)

Wet mango slices pass through a continuous dryer for the purpose of dehydration (figure 3).
Hot and dry air enters the dryer at a rate of 400 kg/min and collects the water evaporating
from the solids. The moist air exiting the dryer at 50°C contains 2.44% by weight of water
vapor and passes through a condenser where it cools to 10°C. The pressure of 1 atm
remains constant throughout the system.
Solve the following questions:
• (6%) At what rate (kg/min) is water evaporating in the dryer?

ṁ3 10,0041 kg/min

• (6%) Use the psychrometric chart to estimate the wet-bulb temperature, relative humidity,
dew point, and specific enthalpy of the air leaving the dryer.

H 114,97 kJ/kg DA
Thb 33 °C
hr 32 %
Tpr 28,6 °C
• (6%) Utilize the psychrometric chart to estimate the absolute humidity and specific
enthalpy of the air leaving the condenser.

H 29 kJ/kg DA
ha 0,0077 kg H2O/kg DA

• (6%) Employ the results from sections (b) and (c) to calculate the water condensation rate
(kg/min) and the rate at which heat must be transferred from the condenser (kW).
6,9241000
4 kg/min

-571,036741 kW

• (6%) If the dryer operates adiabatically, what conclusion can be drawn regarding the
temperature of the incoming air? Briefly explain your reasoning. What additional
information will be needed to calculate this temperature?

- Como el secador es un sistema adiabático y no ocurre ninguna reacción, se puede

concluir que la T_Entrada del aire al secador debe ser igual a la T_Salida, es decir;
50°C.
- Para poder calcular T_inicial, se necesita la capacidad calorfica, el flujo de entrada.

BIBLIOGRÁFIA

Cengel, Y. Boles, M. Termodinámica. (7a Edición). Pág.984.

Felder, Rousseau. Principios elementales de los procesos químicos (3a Edición). Pág.412.