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x = 10
-4,4
= [ ]
+
H ; pH = 4,40
2.a) Dung dch B: Thm KI : C
Ag+
= 0,025 M; C
Pb2+
= 0,050
C
I
- = 0,125M ; C
H+
= 0,10M
Ag
+
+ I
-
AgI
0,025 0,125
- 0,10
Pb
2+
+ 2 I
-
PbI
2
0,05 0,10
- -
Trong dung dch c ng th ha kt ta AgI v PbI
2
AgI
` `
``
Ag
+
+ I
-
K
s1
= 1.10
-16
(3)
PbI
2
` `
``
Pb
2+
+ 2I
-
K
s2
= 1.10
-7,86
(4)
K
s1
<< K
s2
, vy trong dung dch cn bng (4) ch yu. S to phc
hroxo ca Pb
2+
khng ng kO v c H
+
d:
Pb
2+
+ H
2
O
` `
``
PbOH + H
+
; K
2
= 10
-7,8
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] [ ]
+ +
+
+
<< = =
2 8 , 6
1
8 , 7
2
Pb PbOH 10
10
10
Pb
PbOH
Trong dung dch PbI
2
` `
``
Pb
2+
+ 2I
-
K
s2
= 1.10
-7,86
x 2x
(2x)
2
x = 10
-7,86
x = 1,51 . 10
-3
M 2x = |I
-
| = 2,302 . 10-
3
M
[ ]
[ ]
M 10 . 31 , 3
10 . 02 , 3
10 . 1
!
Ag
1"
3
16
1 #
+
= = =
.
E ca cc Ag trong dung dch A:
Ag
+
+ e
` `
``
Ag
[ ]
V 001 , 0 E
10 . 31 , 3 lg 0592 , 0 799 , 0 Ag lg 0592 , 0 E E
1
1" 0
Ag
Ag
1
=
+ = + =
+
+
Dung dch X
Ag
+
+ SCN
- ` `
``
AgSCN; 10
12,0
0,010 0,040
- 0,030 0,010
AgSCN
` `
``
Ag
+
+ SCN
-
; 10
-12,0
0,030
x (0,030 + x)
x0,030 + x) = 10
-12
[ ]
11
2
12
10 . 33 , 3
10 x 3
10
x Ag
+
= = =
[ ]
V 179 , 0 E
10 . 33 , 3 lg 0592 , 0 799 , 0 Ag lg 0,0592 0,799 E
2
11
2
=
+ = + =
+
V E
2
> E
1
, ta c pn gm cc Ag trong X cc + , cc Ag trong B
cc -
S pn:
Ag$%&
$%&
'
0,03M
Ag
Ag
Ag
Pb
2
b) E
pn
= 0,179 - 0,001 = 0,178V
c) Phng trnh phn ng
Ag +
'
Ag + (
Ag$%& +
'
Ag + $&%
'
Ag$%& + ( Ag + $&%
'
d)
"
16
12
) Ag * #
) Ag$%& * #
10
10
10
!
!
! = = =
3.
a)
Thm NaOH vo dung dch B:
Pb
2
+ "OH
'
PbO
2
+ 2 H
2
O + 2
'
Nng I
-
s tng n, do nng Ag
+
gm xung, E
1
cng gm ;vy E
pin
tng
b)
Thm Yt Fe
3+
vo dung dch X: Fe
3+
+ SCN
-
FeSCN
2+
Nng on SCN
-
gm, do nng on Ag
+
tng, E
2
tng; vy: E
pin
tng