Page 2

Varshney, R.S., Gupta, S.C., Gupta, R.L., Theory and Design of

Irrigation Structure. N.C. Jain, at Roorkee press, Roorkee, India,
1982.
Garg, S.K., Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures,
Khanna Publishers, Delhi, 1976.
Abdulkadir, S. Z., Mero, S.K., Yaseen, D.S. Design of Barrage on
a Proposed River, 4th Year Graduation Project, 2008.
Page 3
In addition to the weir proper, head works consist of the following
components,
Undersluices.
Canal head regulator.
Divide wall or groyne.
Fish ladder.
Piers and abutments.
Protection works.
River training wall.

Page 4
These are gates controlled openings in the weir with crest at low
level. They are located on the same side as off-take canal. If two
canal take off on either side of the river, it would be necessary to
provide undersluices on either side.

Page 5
Functions of undersluices
To preserve a clear and defined river channel approaching the
canal regulator.
To scour silt deposited in front of canal regulator and control silt
entry in the canal.
To facilitate working of weir crest shutters or gates. The flood
can easily pass.
To lower the highest flood level.

Page 6
Discharge Capacity of undersluices is provided of the following:
i.Q
u
= 2 (Q
max.
)
offtake
ii.Q
u
= 20% (Q
max.
)
flood
Page 7
A canal head regulator is to serve the following functions:
Regulate the supply of water in the canal.
Control the entry of silt in the canal.

Page 8
The head regulator is normally aligned between 90 - 120 in respect
to the axis of the weir. The regulation done by means of gates, steel
gates of spans ranging between (8 m-12 m) are used and operated by
electric winches.
Height of gates = pond level - crest level

To check flood water entering the canal a
breast wall between pond level and high
flood level (H.F.L). Unless H.F.L - pond
level is nominal, breast wall is usually
more economical than high gates.
Page 9
If silt excluder is provided, it is necessary to further raise the crest of
head regulator by minimum of 0.75 m. To calculate the discharge, the
drowned weir formula can be used:
=
2
3

1
2 +

2
3

2
3

+
2
2 +

where:
C
1
=0.577, C
2
=0.8
H=difference of u.s and d.s water levels.
L=clear length of waterway.
d=depth of d.s water level above the crest.
h
a
=head due to velocity of approach.
Page 10
In case of the waterway (L) worked out more than width of the
canal, the crest level so adjusted as to keep (L) equal to the width of
the canal.
In exceptional cases waterway more than canal width may be
provided with a flared wall in the d.s of the regulator to join the
canal width.
Note that, the most critical condition of uplift occurs when high
flood level is passed down the weir and there is no flow in canal.

Page 11
It is a wall located between weir and undersluices extending a little
u.s of canal regulator, and d.s up to end of loose protection of the
undersluices. It is a concrete or masonry structure, with top width
(t)=(l.5-3)m, and aligned at right angle to the weir axis.

Page 12
The functions of divide walls are
To separate the floor of scouring sluices which is at lower
level than the weir proper.
To isolated the pockets u.s of the canal head regulator to
facilitate scouring operation.
To prevent formations of cross currents to a void their
damaging effects. Additional divide walls are sometimes
provided for this purpose.
Page 13
The divide walls are costly structures.
These walls are likely to be subjected to maximum differential
pressure when the full discharge of the river is passing through the
weir, (there will be difference in water level on the two sides ).
Also there may exit difference in silt pressure on the two side . The
values of differential pressure are taken arbitrarily say 1.0 m for
water heads and about 2.0 m for silt pressure (see Fig. (5)).

Page 14
Fish ladder or fish passes are generally provided to
enable the fish to ascend the head waters of the river and
thus reach their spawning grounds for propagation or to
follow their migratory habits in search of food.
Page 15
The general requirements of a fish ladder are:
The slope of the fish ladder should not be steeper than 1:10 (i.e
velocity not exceeding 2 m/s in any portion of the fish-way).
The compartments of bays of the pass must be such dimensions that
the fish do not risk collision with the sides and upper end of each
bay when ascending.

Page 16
The general requirements of a fish ladder are (Continued)
Plenty of light should be admitted in the fish-way.
The water supply should be ample at all times.
The top and sides of a fish-way should be above ordinary high
water level.(see fig.(6)).

Page 17
In barrages piers are provided at an interval of 10 to 20 m. The piers
support bridge decking, and working platform for the operation of
gates. Cutwaters are usually simple in shape and the side face of piers
is often vertical. Tapering if done, does not exceed 1/50 to 1/40. Piers
should be provided with separate foundation (see Fig. (5)).

Page 18
In case, however, when raft is provided the piers may be
constructed monolith with floor.
Abutments are usually gravity section and founded on well packed
closely in either direction. Perhaps in case of higher abutments a
better alternative is to provide a counter fort type structure on open
foundation.

Page 19
The sediment transporting capacity of water depends mainly on the
discharge, slope and grade of material. As a result of putting
obstruction across the river in form of weir, the river regime will be
affected in the following sequence:

Page 20
A weir will pond up water leading to the flattening of water surface
slope for some distance on the up-stream side.
River would drop a part of its sediment load resulting in the
formation of shoals in the pond.
Clear water passes over the weir; this water scours the bed river to
make up deficiency in its silt load and causes a progressive
lowering or retrogression of downstream level.

Page 21
The progressive silting a formation of shoals in the u.s increases the
resistance to flow of water to recover this resistance increase head is
required.
The overall effect of a weir is to take away the excess energy due to
steep gradient by localizing it and ultimately dissipating it.

Page 22
The causes of failures may classify into:
Failure due to seepage or subsurface flow.
Failure due to surface flow.


Page 23
Subsurface flow endangers the stability of a weir in the following
two ways:
Piping or floatation.
Uplift pressure.
The surface flow endangers the weir in the following two ways:
Unbalanced head due to standing wave (i.e. due to formation of
the jump very high unbalanced pressures are developed in the
trough).
Scour in the upstream and downstream.(this occurs in the bed of
alluvial rivers at flood).

Page 24
The design of weir and barrage like any hydraulic structure,
consist of many phases. The two main phases are
The hydraulic design (evaluation hydraulic forces acting on the
structure).
The structural design (dimensioning of the various part of the
structure to enable it to resist safely all the forces acting on it).

Page 25
The problem involved in the hydraulic design of weir and barrage on
permeable foundation may be treated under the following:
Sub soil flow, and
Surface flow.
Page 26
Page 27
a) Crest level of a barrage is fixed on the consolidation of existing
river bed level, at the proposed site.
b) The undersluices crest is usually kept as near the bed level in the
deepest channel as is practically possible.
The barrage bay crest is kept slightly higher and at about the general
bed level in the remaining portion of the river.
The undersluice crest is kept lower to attract a deep current in front
of the regulators, so that the dry weather current may remain near
the regulator.

Page 28
Note that afflux and discharge per meter are related to crest levels.
So lower crest levels, result in lesser afflux, but higher discharge
per meter. Low set barrage with increase depth of water over crest
may result in an increased height of gates, thickness of floor, and
cost of superstructure above floor level.
Page 29
It's necessary to check that the maximum. Flood discharge passes
down the works without exceeding the afflux.
The following discharge formulas may be used for this purpose:
a) For broad crested weir:
= 1.705 0.1
3 2

b) For sharp crested weir:
= 1.84 0.1
3 2

where:
L= total clear waterway (m)
n= number of end contractions
H= the head over crest in (m)
Page 30
Afflux actually denotes loss of head and its magnitude is represented
by the difference in total energy level on upstream and the
downstream of the works. Afflux is generally limited to 1 meter, but
may be kept higher if permissible.
To adopt for waterway is given by the following formula representing
Lacey's wetted perimeter,
= 4.83
where:
P= Lacey's wetted perimeter, and
Q= Maximum flood discharge.

Page 31
In boulder reaches of the river it would be economical to reduce the
waterway to about (0.6 - 0.8) time Lacey's waterway. In plains where
the silt factor is in the neighborhood of unity it is generally
economical to keep the waterway (1.0 - 1.2) times the Lacey's
waterway. Generally the shorter waterway is preferable.
Page 32
1. Maximum flood discharge "Q

2. Stage discharge curve of the river at barrage.

3. Minimum water level.

Page 33
4. Cross section of the river at barrage site the following have to be
decided:
Lacey's silt factor (f) this is determined from the equation:
= 1.76
Length of waterway, discharge per meter and afflux.
Safe exit gradient.
Depth of sheet piles:
Scour depth.
Exit gradient.

Page 34
5. Level and length of horizontal part of d.s. impervious floor in
coordination with hydraulic jump.
6. Thickness of d.s. impervious floor.
with reference to uplift pressure.
with reference to hydraulic jump or standing wave.
7. Length and thickness of protection works beyond pucca floor u.s.
and d.s.

Page 35
Page 36
Determine head loss (H
L
) for different flow condition.

H
L
= afflux (if there is no retrogression)*
If allowance for retrogression is taken in d.s bed level then,

H
L
= afflux + retrogression, usually, 0.5 m retrogression will be
sufficient in most cases.

* Retrogression is lowering d.s bed caused by water scour
Page 37
For known values of q and H
L
find Ef
2
from blench curve (from
Blench curves (Next slide)).
With known values of Ef
2
read corresponding values of D
2
.
Cistern Level = D.S.T.E.L Ef
2

Ef
2
= down stream specific energy.
D
2
= post jump corresponding to Ef
2
Ef
1
= Upstream specific energy.
D
1
= per jump depth corresponding to Ef
1

Page 38
Page 39
Ef
1
= Ef
2
+ H
L

Knowing Ef
1
, Ef
2
& q read values of D
1
and D
2
from Fig. 10 (next
slide), energy of flow curves.
Provide minimum cistern length = 5(D
2
D
1
).
= 6(D
2
D
1
).

Page 40
Page 41
Determine scour depth from the formula
= 1.35

1 3

Depth of u.s. sheet pile =(11.25)R
Depth of d.s. sheet pile =(1.251.5)R

Page 42
Work out the value
1

from equation:

1

= G.E.

(for given GE.)

GE =h/d.
1


=[(21)1]
b=
Page 43
Provide total length of floor =
Disposition of total floor length may be as follows
1. Cistern length = 5(D
2
D
1
) to 6(D
2
D
1
)
2. Glacis length = 3 to 5 times (crest level cistern level)
For 3:1 to 5:1 slope of glacis
3. Upstream floor = the balance.

Page 44
Find u.s pile and d.s pile % pressure; the pressure distribution
assumed to be linear; used Khoslas method; correct due to floor
thickness, interference of sheet pile and slope.

Page 45
Page 46
Plotting water profile before and after the jump formation (Fr=

)
The intercept between the profile of hydraulic jump and the gradient
gives the unbalance dynamic head. The floor thickness is, however,
designed for the max. unbalance head in jump through.
Floor thickness = H/(G1)
where:
H = max static head or max. unbalance head.
(use the greater head of the two)

Page 47
The protection works are now designed in respect to the scour depth.
Page 48
Page 49
A barrage is to be constructed on Tigris River having high flood
discharge 8500 cumecs. The relevant data are as follows:
Average bed level of river 100 m
High flood level 105.75 m
Normal pond level 103.5 m
Permissible afflux 1 m
Lacey silt factor 1 m
Safe exit gradient for bed material 1/6
Concentration 20
Bed retrogression 0.5
Pier contraction coefficient 0.1 m

Page 50
Design a suitable regulator with reference of the barrage with the
following data:

1. Full supply discharge of off-take canal =220 cumecs
2. full supply level of canal =102 m
3. water depth in canal =3.5m
4. bed level of canal =98.5 m
5. angel of off take canal =115
6. safe exit gradient =1/6
7. side slopes =2H:1V
Page 51
-Crest of under sluice is to be provided at bed level of the river = 100 m
-Crest level of other barrage is to be (1.25)m higher than under sluice
crest = 100+1.25=101.25 m
-Minimum water way = 4.83 . from Lacey new edition using factor
(4.75) instead of (4.83) but the factor (4.83) is used for more safe.
= 4.83
= 4.83 8500
= 445.3
Page 52
-Assume water way is as follows:
Under sluice water way:
- 5 bays (13 m) each =65m
- 4 piers(2.5m) each =10m
Total under sluice =75m
Other barrage water way
- 30 bays (10m) each =300m
- 29 piers(2m) each =58m
- Total other barrage =358m
- Divide wall thickness =3m
Total water way = 75+358+3=436m
Page 53
Page 54
D.S.H.F.L =105.75 m
U.S.H.F.L =D.S.H.F.L + Afflux
=105.75+1=106.75 m
q =Q/B =8500/436=19.5 cumec /m
= 1.35

1 3
= 1.35
9/5
2
1
1 3
= 9.78
V=

=
19.5
9.78
= 1.99 m/sec
Velocity head =V/2g =1.99/2(9.81) =0.2 m
U.S.T.E.L =106.75+0.2 = 106.95 m

Page 55
Head over under sluice crest =106.95-100 = 6.95 m
Head over other barrage crest =106.95-101.25=5.7 m
Q
under sluice
= 1.705(L-0.1nH) H
3/2
=1.705(65-0.186.95)(6.95)
3/2
=1856.87 m/sec
Q
other barrage
=1.84(L-0.1 nH) H
3/2
=1.84(300-0.1585.7) 5.7
3/2
=6684.1 m/sec
Q
total
1856.87 + 6684.1 = 8540.98 m/sec >8500 m/sec
OK

Page 56
2.2.1 High flood condition
I . For high flood without concentration and retrogression
q =C H
3/2
=1.705(6.95)
3/2
=31.24 cumec/m
D.S.H.F.L= 105.75 m
U.S.H.F.L= 106.75 m
U.S.T.E.L= 106.95 m
D.S.T.E.L=105.95 m
H
L
= U.S.T.E.L-D.S.T.E.L
=106.95- 105.95 = 1 m

Page 57
I I . For high flood with 20% concentration and 0.5 m bed
retrogression
q =1.231.24 = 37.488 cumec/m
q =C H
3/2
H=(

)
2/3
=(
37.488
1.705
)
2/3
=7.848 m
U.S.T.E.L= 100+7.848 = 107 .848 m
D.S.H.F.L with 0.5 retrogression = 105.25 m
D.S.T.E.L=105.25+0.2 = 105.45 m
H
L
= 107.848- 105.45 = 2.398 m
Page 58
2.2.1.2 Flow at pond level
. without concentration and retrogression
Head over under sluice crest = 103.5-100 =3.5 m
Head over other barrage crest = 103.5-101.25 =2.25 m
Q =1.705(65-0.183.53.5
3/2
+1.84(300-0.1582.25) 2.25
3/2

= 694.41 + 1781.959 = 2476.369 m/sec
q=

=
2476.369
436
=5.68 m/sec/m

Page 59
Page 60
R=1.35(

)
1/3
= 4.297 m
V=

=1.32 m/sec
h
v
=

2
=0.089 m
U.S.T.E.L =103.5+ 0.089 = 103.59 m
D.S water level when flood discharge of 2476.369 m/sec is passing
= 102.7 m
Page 61
From stage discharge curve Fig .8






D.S.T.E.L =102.7 + 0.089 = 102.789 m
q between piers = C H
3/2
= 1.705(3.5)
3/2
= 11.164 m/sec/m
H
L
= 103.59- 102.789 = 0.801 m

Page 62
II. with 20% concentration and 0.5 m retrogression
q = 1.211.164 = 13.3968 cumec/m
head for this intensity =(
13.3968
1.705
)
2/3
=3.9523 m
U.S.T.E.L =100+3.9523 = 103.9523 m
D.S.W.L with 0.5 m retrogression
= 102.7-0.5 =102.289 m
D.S.T.E.L = 102.2 + 0.089 =102.289 m
H
L
= 103.9523-102.289 = 1.663 m
Page 63
2.2.2 Hydraulic jump calculations
No. Item
High Flood Pond Flow
Without
retrogression
and concentration
With
retrogression
and
concentration
Without
retrogression
and
concentration
With
retrogression
and
concentration
1 Discharge q 31.24 37.488 11.16 13.39
2 D.S.W.L 105.75 105.25 102.7 102.2
3 U.S.W.L 106.75 106.75 103.5 103.5
4 D.S.T.E.L 105.95 105.45 102.79 102.29
5 U.S.T.E.L 106.95 107.85 103.59 103.95
6 H
L
1 2.40 0.80 1.663
7 Ef
2
8 9.75 4.20 5.07
8 Ef
1
=Ef
2
+H
L
9 12.15 5.00 6.733
9 Level at which
jump occurs
97.95 95.70 98.59 97.22
10 D
1
2.81 2.70 1.25 1.25
11 D
2
6.85 8.63 3.71 4.51
12 Length of floor
5(D
2
-D
1
)
20.2 29.68 12.3 16.3
13
F=

2.117 2.70 2.55 3.06

Page 64
2.2.2 Hydraulic jump calculations
Provide the D.S floor at elevation 95.65 m with horizontal length of
32 m

Page 65
Table (2):the water surface profile u.s of the jump

Distance
from u.s
end of
crest
R .L of
glacis
U.S.T.E.L = 107.848 m
q= 37.488 cumec/m
U.S.T.E.L=103.952 m
q=13.396 cumec/m
High flood
D
1
Pond flow
D
1
Ef
1
=U.S.T.E.L-
R.L of glacis
Ef
1
=U.S.T.E.L-
R.L of glacis
3.00 99.00 8.848 3.76 4.952 1.75
4.23 98.59 9.259 3.50 5.363 1.70
6.00 98.00 9.848 3.31 5.952 1.45
6.15 97.95 9.898 3.25 6.002 1.40
8.34 97.22 10.629 3.10 6.733 1.35
9.00 97.00 10.848 3.00 6.952 1.30
12.00 96.00 11.848 2.76 7.952 1.15
12.90 95.70 12.148 2.60 8.252 1.10
Page 66
Page 67

SL
No .

1

High Flood Condition
Fr=2.698, Fr=7.279, D
1
=2.7 m
Pond Flow Condition
Fr=3.061, Fr=9.37, D
1
=1.25 m

X Y

X Y
1 1 1.3 2.7 3.51 1.3 1.25 1.625
2 2 1.70 5.4 4.6 1.70 2.5 2.125
3 4 2.40 10.8 6.48 2.40 5.0 3.00
4 6 2.7 16.2 7.28 2.75 7.5 3.44
5 8 2.9 21.6 7.83 3.10 10.0 3.875
6 10 3.09 27 8.34 3.40 12.5 4.25
7 11.88 3.21 32 8.66 3.6 14.8 4.50
8 12 3.65 15.0 4.56
9 14 3.85 17.5 4.81
10 16 3.90 20.0 4.88
11 18 3.95 22.5 4.94
12 20 4.00 25 5.00
13 22 4.00 27.5 5.00
14 24 4.00 30 5.00
15 25.6 4.00 32 5.00
16 26.4 4.00 33 5.00
Table (3): the water surface profile d.s the jump
Page 68
Page 69
2.2.3 Depth of sheet pile lines from scour condition
. Depth of scour
Total discharge passing through under sluice =1856.87 cumec
Under sluice over all water way = 75 m
q =average discharge =
1856.87
75
=24.758 m/sec
R (depth of scour) = 1.35(

)
1/3
= 11.468 m

Page 70
I I . U.S sheet pile
On the U.S side allow 1.1R = 1.1 11.468
= 12.615 m
R.L of bottom of scour hole =106.75-12.615 = 94.135 m
Provide sheet pile line at elevation 94 m
Depth of U.S sheet pile = 100-94 = 6 m
Page 71
I I I . D.S sheet pile
On D.S sheet pile allow 1.25 R
= 1.2511.468 = 14.34 m
R.L of bottom of scour hole =105.25-14.34 =90.91 m
Provide D.S sheet pile line at elevation 90 m
D.S sheet pile depth = 95.65 - 90 = 5.65 m
Page 72
2.2.4. Total floor length and exit gradient:
Safe exit gradient =
1
6

Maximum static head =103.5 95.65 =7.85 m
Depth of D.S sheet pile = 95.65 90.0 = 5.65 m
=

1

,
1
6
=
7.85
5.65
1


=7.704, = [ 2 1
2
1]=13.0437
Page 73
b =
b = 13.0437 5.65 = 73.697 m
provide D.S sheet pile = 6 m
= 6.243, = 11.44
b = 6.243 11.44 = 68.64 m
provide total floor length = 69 m
provide D.S sheet pile line at elevation 89.65 m
Page 74
Floor length should be distributed as following:
D.S horizontal floor =32 m
D.S glacis length =3(100- 95.65) =13.05 m
The balance should be provided as U.S floor = 23.95 m
Total length = 69 m

Page 75
Assume U.S floor thickness 1.0 m and D.S floor thickness 1.5 m
I. Upstream pile line:
d =100 94 = 6 m
1

=
6
69
=0.084

1
= 100%% , = 18%

1
= 82%

1
= 100%% , = 27%

1
= 73%
Page 76
Correction of Thickness:
C
t
=

(
1

1
)
=
1
6
(82%-73%) = 1.5%
Page 77
Correction of Interference of Piles:
D =(100 1) 89.65 = 9.35 m
d =(100 - 1) - 94 =5 m
b'=69 0.5 0.5 =68 m
c
p
=19

(
:

)
=19
9.35
68
(
9.35:5
69
)
= 1.465

Corrected
1
=73% +1.5% +1.465% =75.965%

Page 78
II. D.S pile line
Depth of d.s sheet pile = 6 m

1

=
6
69
=0.08695~ 0.087
= 27 , = 18
Correction of thickness:
ct = -

( )
= -
1.5
6
( 27 18 ) = - 2.25
Page 79
Correction of interference:
d =(95.65 1.5 ) 89.65 =4.5 m
D =(95.65 1.5 ) 94 =0.15 m
Cp = - 19
0.15
68
(
0.15:4.5
69
)= - 0.06
Correction of = 27 2.25 0.06 =24.69
Page 80
condition




D.S
water
level
datum
(m)
U.S
water
level
datum
(m)


H

Of sub Soil H. G line above datum
U.S Pile line D.S Pile line

100
1
82
1
75.965

24.69

18

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No flow
maximu
m static
head

95.65

103.5

7.85
7.85


103.5
6.437


102.087
5.963


101.613
1.938


97.582
1.413


97.063
0


95.65
High
Flood

105.25

106.75

1.5
1.5


106.75
1.23


106.48
1.14


106.39
0.3704


105.620
0.27


105.52
0


105.25
Flow at
pond
level

102.289

103.5

1.211
1.211


103.5
0.9930


103.282
0.9199


103.210
0.2990


102.588
0.2180


102.507
0


102.289

Page 81
1. down stream floor thickness :
Distance
from D.S
end

Static head

(m)
Dynamic
head
(m)
Minimum
thickness
from
calculation
Provided
thickness
3 2.0860
1.6*
2
3
=1.067
1.68 1.70
6 2.2636 1.33 1.83 1.90
9 2.4411 1.467 1.97 2.00
12 2.6187 1.87 2.11 2.2
15 2.7963 2 2.26 2.40
18 2.9738 2.267 2.40 2.5
21 3.1514 2.67 2.54 2.70
24 3.3290 3.267 2.68 2.80
27 3.5066 4.0 3.22 3.3
30 3.6841 4.867 3.92 4.0
32 3.8025 5.13 4.13 4.2

Page 82
Provide 4.0 m of floor thickness extend by 3 m inside beyond the
toe of glacis.
2.U.S floor thickness:
The floor thickness is required however minimum thickness of 1 m
shall be provided.

Page 83
. Upstream protection
a) Block protection
R = 11.467 m
Provide 1.5 R = 1.511.467 =17.20 m
R.L of bottom of scour hole =106.75 17.2 =89.55 m
Scour depth below U.S floor = 100 89.55 = 10.45 m say 11 m
Volume of block = D m/m = 11m/m
Provide 1.6m 1.6m 1.0m c/c block
over 0.4 m thick graded filter.
Length =
11
1:0.4
= 7.857 m
Provide 5 row of c/c block in a length of 8 m

Page 84
. Upstream protection (continued)
b) Launching apron
provide 2.25 D m/m
= 2.25 * 11 =24.75 m/m
Length =
24.75
1.4
= 17.67857 m
Provide launching apron of a length of 18 m and 1.4 m thickness.

Page 85
II. Down stream protection
Anticipated scour depth = 2 R
= 2 11.467 = 22.934 m
R.L of bottom scour hole = 105.25 22.934 = 82.316 m
Depth of scour hole below D.S floor = 95.65 82.316
= 13.334 m
Say 13.4 m
Page 86
II. Down stream protection (continued)
a) Block protection
Length = 1.0 D = 1.0 13.4 = 13.4 m
Provide 1.6 1.6 1.0 c/c block with 10 cm gaps filled with
bajri over 1.0 m thick graded filter .
No. of rows required =13.4/(1+1) = 6.7 m
Provide 7 rows of blocks in a length of 11.9 m
Page 87
II. Down stream protection (continued)
b) Launching apron
Thickness of launching apron = 2.0 m
Length of launching apron =
2.2513.4
2
=15.0075 m
Provide 20 m length of launching apron in the downstream.
Page 88
Page 89
Page 90
I) High flood level
i) Without concentration and retrogression
U.S.W.L = 105.75 + 1 = 106.75 m
U.S.T.E.L = 106.75 + 0.2 = 106.95 m
Head over other barrage crest = 106.95 101.25 = 5.7 m
q =C.H
3/2
= 1.84 (5.7)
3/2
=25.04 m
D.S.W.L = 105.75 m
D.S.T.E.L =105.75 + 0.2 = 105.95 m
H
L
= 106.95 105.95 = 1 m

Page 91
I) High flood level
ii) with 20 concentration and 0.5 m retrogression
q =1.2 25.04 = 30.048 cumecs/m
H =(

)
2/3
=(
30.048
1.84
)
2/3
=

6.43673 m
U.S.T.E.L 101.25 + 6.437 =107.687 m
D.S.W.L 105.75 0.5 = 105.25 m
D.S.T.E.L 105.25 +0.2 = 105.45 m
HL = 107.687 105.45 =2.237 m

Page 92
II. Pond flow condition
i)With out concentration and retrogression:
head over under sluice crest = 103.5 100 = 3.5 m
head over other barrage crest = 103.5 101.25 = 2.25 m
Q =1.705 (65 0.1 8 3.5 ) 3.5
+ 1.84 (300 0.1 58 2.25) 2.25
3/2
= 694.41 + 1781.9595 =2476.369 cumecs
q =
2476.369
436
= 5.679 m/sec ~ 5.68

Page 93
i)With out concentration and retrogression (continued):
R= 1.35 (
5.68
1
)
1/3
= 4.297
V =

=
5.68
4.297
=1.32 m/sec
hv =

2
=0.089 m

Page 94
i)With out concentration and retrogression (continued):
U.S.T.E.L =103.5 +0.089 = 103.589 m
D.S water level when flood discharge of 2476.369 cumecs is
passing =102.7 m ,for stage discharge curve
D.S.T.E.L = 102.7 + 0.089 =102.789 m
HL =103.589 102.789 = 0.80 m
q =1.84 (2.25)^1.5 = 6.21 cumecs/m

Page 95
ii) with 20 concentration and 0.5 retrogression
q = 1.2 * 6.21 = 7.452 cumecs/sec
H = (
7.452
1.84
)^
2
3
=2.54 m
U.
S.T.E.L =101.25 + 2.54 = 103.79 m
D.S.W.L = 102.7 0.5 = 102.2 m
D.S.T.E.L =102.2 +0.089 = 102.289 m
HL = 103.79 102.289 = 1.501 m

Page 96

No.



Item
High Flood Pond Flow
Without
concentration
and
retrogression
With
concentration
and
retrogression
Without
concentration
and
retrogression
With
concentration
and
retrogression
1
Discharge q 25.04 30.048 6.21 7.54
2
D.S.W.L 105.75 105.25 102.7 102.2
3
U.S.W.L 106.75 106.75 103.5 103.5
4
D.S.T.E.L 105.95 105.45 102.789 102.289
5
U.S.T.E.L 106.95 107.687 103.589 103.79
6
HL 1 2.237 0.80 1.501
7
Ef2 7.0 8.43 3.0 3.506
8
Ef1 =Ef2+HL 8.0 10.667 3.8 5.007
9
Level at which jump
occurs
98.95 97.02 99.778 98.78
10
D1 2.25 2.28 0.81 0.81
11
D2 6.06 7.45 2.66 3.18
12
Length of floor
5(D2 - D1)
19.05 25.85 9.237 11.85
13 F =

1

2.369 2.786 2.72 3.302

Provide the downstream floor at elevation 96.8 m with horizontal
length of 27 m .
Page 97

Distance
from
U.S end
of crest

R.L of
glacis
U.S.T.E.L=107.687

q =30.048
cumecs/m
U.S.T.E.L=
q =7.54 cumecs
103.79
/ m
High flood Pond flow
Ef1 =U.S.T.E.L
R.L of glacis
Ef1=U.S.T.E.L
R.L of glacis

D1
D1
0.75 2.79 1.5625
3 100.25 7.437 3.4375 3.54 1.125
3.75 100 7.687 3.218 3.79 1.06
6.0 99.25 8.437 2.844 4.54 0.906
6.75 99 8.687 2.75 4.79 0.84375
9 98.25 9.437 2.560 5.54 0.78125
9.75 98 9.687 2.50
12 97.25 10.437 2.344
12.69 97.02 10.667 2.281

Page 98
Page 99
Sl
No.

1

High
Fr=2.78
flood
Fr=7.76
Condition
D1=2.28m
Pond
Fr=3.302
Flow
Fr=10.9
Condition
D1=0.81m

1

X Y

1

X Y
1 1 1.3 2.28 2.964 1.3 0.81 1.053
2 2 1.67 4.56 3.8070 2.714 1.62 1.39
3 4 2.286 9.12 5.212 2.38 3.24 1.93
4 6 2.71 13.68 6.179 2.86 4.86 2.316
5 8 3.0 18.24 6.84 3.143 6.48 2.546
6 10 3.19 22.8 7.27 3.524 8.1 2.85
7 12 3.286 27.36 7.49 3.62 9.72 2.93
8 12.28 3.3 28 7.524 3.64 9.947 2.95
9 14 3.86 11.34 3.126
10 16 4.0 12.96 3.24
11 18 4.095 14.58 3.317
12 20 4.19 16.2 3.4

Page 100
Page 101
. Depth of scour
Total discharge passing through other barrage
=6684.1 cumecs
Other barrage over all water way =358 m
q =
6684.1
358
= 18.6706 cumecs/m
R =1.35(

)
1/3
= 9.5 m

Page 102
II. U.S sheet pile
Allow 1.1 R = 1.1 9.5 = 10.45 m
R.L of the bottom of scour hole = 106.75 10.45 = 96.3 m
Provide sheet pile lines at elevation 96 m
Depth of U.S sheet pile = 100 96 = 4 m
Page 103
III. D.S sheet pile :
Allow 1.25 R = 1.25 9.5 = 11.675 m
R.L of bottom of scour = 105.25 11.875 = 93.375 m
Provide sheet pile lines at elevation 92 m
Page 104
Safe exit gradient =
1
6

max. static head = 103.5 96.8 = 6.8 m
Depth of D.S cut off = 96.8 92 = 4.8 m
GE =

1



1
6
=
6.8
4.8
1

, = 7.32
= 2 1
2
1 = 13.6
b = = 13.6 4.8 =65.28 m say 66 m
provide floor length = 66 m

Page 105
The floor length is distributed as follows:
down stream horizontal floor =27 m
down stream glacis length = 3(101.25 96.8) = 13.35 m
width of crest = 2 m
Upstream glacis length = 22.4 m
Total floor length = 66 m
Page 106
Assume up stream floor thickness 1.0 m and down stream floor
thickness 1.5 m
. Upstream pile line
d = 100 96 = 4 m

1

=
4
66
= 0.0606
1 = 100 , = 15
= 100 15 = 85
1 = 100 , = 22
= 100 22 = 78

Page 107
Correction of thickness :
Ct =

(1 1)
=
1
4
(85 78 ) = 1.75
Correction of interference :
Cp = 19

`
(
:

)
= 19
7
65
(
3:7
66
) = 0.945
Corrected = 78 +1.75 +0.945 = 80.695
Page 108
II. Down stream sheet pile lines

1

=
4.8
66
= 0.0727
= 16 , = 24
Correction of thickness :
Ct = -

( )
= -
1.5
4.8
(24 16) = - 2.5
Corrected = 24 2.5 = 21.5
Correction of interference:
There is no correction of pile interference .
Page 109
Condition

D.S
water
level
datum
(m)
U.S
water
level
datum
(m)
H
Height/Elevation of sub soil H.G. line above datum
U.S Pile Line D.S Pile Line

100

85

80.695

21.5

16

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No flow
max.
static
head

96.8

103.5

6.7

6.7
5.695

102.495
5.4065

102.2065
1.4405

98.2405
1.072

97.872
0

96.8
High
Flood

105.25

106.75

1.5

1.5
1.275

106.525
1.21

106.46
0.3225

105.5725
0.24

105.49
0

105.25
Flow at
pond
level

102.2

103.5

1.3

1.3
1.105

103.305
1.049

103.249
0.2795

102.4795
0.208

102.408
0

102.2