2008

H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E
E X A MI N AT I O N
Mathematics
GeneralInstructions
Readingtime5minutes
Workingtime3hours
Writeusingblackorbluepen
Board-approvedcalculatorsmay
beused
Atableofstandardintegralsis
providedatthebackofthispaper
Allnecessaryworkingshouldbe
shownineveryquestion
Totalmarks120
AttemptQuestions110
Allquestionsareofequalvalue
212
BLANKPAGE
2
Totalmarks120
AttemptQuestions110
Allquestionsareofequalvalue
Answereachquestionintheappropriatewritingbooklet.Extrawritingbookletsareavailable.
Question1(12marks)UsetheQuestion 1 WritingBooklet.
(a) Evaluate correcttothreesignificantfigures.
(b) Factorise 3x
2
+ x2.
2
5
cos

Marks
2
2
(c) Simplify
2
n
.
1
1 n+
2
(d) Solve 4 3 x . 7 = 2
(e) Expandandsimplify
(
. 3 1 2 3 5
)
+
( )
2
(f) Findthesumofthefirst21termsofthearithmeticseries 3 + 7 + 11 + . 2
3
Marks
2
2
2
2
1
3
Question2(12marks)UsetheQuestion 2 WritingBooklet.
(a) Differentiatewithrespectto x:
(i) (x
2
+ 3)
9
(ii) x
2
log x
e
sin x
(iii) .
x+ 4
(b) LetMbethemidpointof (1, 4) and (5, 8).
FindtheequationofthelinethroughMwithgradient
1
.
2
(c) (i) Find

dx
.
x+ 5

12
2
3x dx
0
(ii) Evaluate sec .
4
Marks
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
Question3(12marks)UsetheQuestion 3 WritingBooklet.
(a)
A(0,1)
B(0,3)
y
O x
C(1,5)
2
x

1
=
0

D
NOT
TO
SCALE
In the diagram,
2xy1 = 0.
ABCD is a quadrilateral. The equation of the line AD is
(i) ShowthatABCDisatrapeziumbyshowingthatBCisparalleltoAD.
(ii) Theline CDisparalleltothex-axis.Findthecoordinatesof D.
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
FindthelengthofBC.
ShowthattheperpendiculardistancefromBtoADis .
Hence,orotherwise,findtheareaofthetrapeziumABCD.
4
5
(b) (i) Differentiate log
e
(cos x) withrespectto x.

(ii) Hence,orotherwise,evaluate

4
tan x dx
0
.
5
R
Y X
Q
NOT
TO
SCALE
Question4(12marks)UsetheQuestion 4 WritingBooklet.
Marks
2
2
2
1
1
1
3
(a)
P
Inthediagram,XRbisectsPRQ and .
Copyortracethediagramintoyourwritingbooklet.
ProvethatXYRisanisoscelestriangle.
XY QR
(b) Thezoomfunctioninasoftwarepackagemultipliesthedimensionsofanimage
by 1.2 .Inanimage,theheightofabuildingis50 mm.Afterthezoomfunction
isappliedonce,theheightofthebuildingintheimageis60 mm.After asecond
application,itsheightis72 mm.
(i) Calculatetheheightofthebuildingintheimageafterthezoomfunction
hasbeenappliedeighttimes.Giveyouranswertothenearestmm.
(ii) The height of the building in the image is required to be more than
400 mm. Starting from the original image, what is the least number of
timesthezoomfunctionmustbeapplied?
(c) Considertheparabola x
2
= 8(y3).
(i) Writedownthecoordinatesofthevertex.
(ii) Findthecoordinatesofthefocus.
(iii) Sketchtheparabola.
(iv) Calculatetheareaboundedbytheparabolaandtheline y= 5.
6
Marks
3
2
2
1
2
2
Question5(12marks)UsetheQuestion 5 WritingBooklet.
dy
(a) Thegradientofacurveisgivenby = sin3 .Thecurvepassesthrough 1 6 x
dx
the point (0, 7).
Whatistheequationofthecurve?
(b) Considerthegeometricseries
5 + 10x+ 20x
2
+ 40x
3
+ .
(i) Forwhatvaluesof xdoesthisserieshavealimitingsum?
(ii) Thelimitingsumofthisseriesis 100.
Findthevalueof x.
(c) Lightintensityismeasuredinlux.Thelightintensityatthesurfaceofalakeis
6000 lux.Thelightintensity,Ilux,adistancesmetresbelowthesurfaceofthe
lakeisgivenby
I= Ae
ks
whereAand kareconstants.
(i) Writedownthevalueof A.
(ii) Thelightintensity6 metresbelowthesurfaceofthelakeis1000 lux.
Findthevalueof k.
(iii) Atwhatrate,inluxpermetre,isthelightintensitydecreasing6 metres
belowthesurfaceofthelake?
7
Marks
3
1
1
1
3
Question6(12marks)UsetheQuestion 6 WritingBooklet.
x
(a) Solve 2 sin
2
= 1 for x .
3
(b) Thegraphshowsthevelocityofaparticle,vmetrespersecond,asafunctionof
time,tseconds.
v
O t
2 4 6
8
12
20
40
60
80
10
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Whatistheinitialvelocityoftheparticle?
Whenisthevelocityoftheparticleequaltozero?
Whenistheaccelerationoftheparticleequaltozero?
ByusingSimpsonsRulewithfivefunctionvalues,estimatethedistance
travelledbytheparticlebetween t= 0 and t= 8.
Question6continuesonpage9
8
Marks
3
Question6(continued)
5
(c) Thegraphof y= isshownbelow.
x 2
3
x=2
6
O
y
x
5
Theshadedregioninthediagramisboundedbythecurve y= ,thex-axis
x 2
andthelines x= 3 and x= 6.
Find the volume of the solid of revolution formed when the shaded region is
rotatedaboutthex-axis.
EndofQuestion6
9
Marks
3
2
2
Question7(12marks)UsetheQuestion 7 WritingBooklet.
3
(a) Solve log x = 2.
e
log x
e
(b)
10
r

3
The diagram shows a sector with radius r and angle where 0 < 2.
10
The arclengthis .
3
5
(i) Showthat
r
.
3
(ii) Calculatetheareaofthesectorwhen r= 4.
Question7continuesonpage11
10
Marks
1
2
2
Question7(continued)
(c) XenaandGabriellecompeteinaseriesofgames.Theseriesfinisheswhenone
2
playerhaswontwogames.Inanygame,theprobabilitythatXenawinsis and
3
1
theprobabilitythatGabriellewinsis .
3
Partofthetreediagramforthisseriesofgamesisshown.
First Second Third
game game game
2
3
1
3
X
G
X
(i) Copyandcompletethetreediagramshowingthepossibleoutcomes.
(ii) WhatistheprobabilitythatGabriellewinstheseries?
(iii) Whatistheprobabilitythatthreegamesareplayedintheseries?
EndofQuestion7
11
Marks
2
1
4
1
1
3
Question8(12marks)UsetheQuestion 8 WritingBooklet.
(a) Let x = x
4
8x
2
. ( )
y x (i) Findthecoordinatesofthepointswherethegraphof = ( ) crosses
theaxes.
(ii) Showthat x isanevenfunction. ( )
(iii) Find the coordinates of the stationary points of x and determine ( )
their nature.
(iv) Sketchthegraphof y= ( ) x .
(b)
E
A D
C
G H
B
F
In the diagram, ABCD is a parallelogram and ABEF and BCGH are both
squares.
Copyortracethediagramintoyourwritingbooklet.
(i) Provethat CD= BE.
(ii) Provethat BD= EH.
12
Marks
2
1
2
3
2
2
Question9(12marks)UsetheQuestion 9 WritingBooklet.
(a) Itisestimatedthat85%ofstudentsinAustraliaownamobilephone.
(i) Twostudentsareselectedatrandom.Whatistheprobabilitythatneither
ofthemownsamobilephone?
(ii) Basedonarecentsurvey,20%ofthestudentswhoownamobilephone
haveusedtheirmobilephoneduringclasstime.Astudentisselectedat
random.What is the probability that the student owns a mobile phone
andhasuseditduringclasstime?
(b) Peter retires with a lump sum of $100 000. The money is invested in a fund
whichpaysinteresteachmonthatarateof6% perannum,andPeterreceivesa
fixedmonthlypaymentof$Mfromthefund.Thus,theamountleftinthefund
afterthefirstmonthlypaymentis $(100 500 M).
(i) Find a formula for the amount, $A , left in the fund after n monthly
n
payments.
(ii) Peterchoosesthevalueof Msothattherewillbenothingleftinthefund
attheendofthe12th year(after144payments).Findthevalueof M.
(c) Abeamissupportedat (b, 0) and (b, 0) asshowninthediagram.
y
x
(b,0) (b,0)
O
It is known that the shape formed by the beam has equation , where
satisfies
(kisapositiveconstant)
and .
( ) = ( ) b b
( ) =
( )
x k b x
2 2
x ( )
y x = ( )
(i) Showthat
( ) x =

k b x
2
.

x
3
3
(ii) Howfaristhebeambelowthex-axisat x= 0?
13
O
y
x
7
log
e
5
3
(a)
Marks
5
3
3
1
Question10(12marks)UsetheQuestion 10WritingBooklet.
Inthediagram,theshadedregionisboundedby y= log (x2),thex-axisand
e
theline x= 7.
Findtheexactvalueoftheareaoftheshadedregion.
(b)
M
s
x
O

P N
x
K J
Thediagramshowstwoparallelbrickwalls KJand MNjoinedbyafencefrom
Jto M.Thewall KJissmetreslongand KJM= .Thefence JMis metres
long.
A new fence is to be built from K to a point P somewhere on MN. The new
fence KPwillcrosstheoriginalfence JMat O.
LetOJ= xmetres, where 0 < x< .
(i) Showthatthetotalarea,Asquaremetres,enclosedbyOKJandOMP
isgivenby

2

A s x + sin . =

2x

(ii) Find the value of x that makes A as small as possible. Justify the fact
that thisvalueof xgivestheminimumvaluefor A.
(iii) Hence,findthelengthofMPwhenAisassmallaspossible.
Endofpaper
14
BLANKPAGE
15
STANDARDINTEGRALS

1
n n+1

x dx = x , n 1; x 0, if n< 0

n+ 1


1

dx = ln x , xx > 0

x


1

ax ax

e dx = e , a 0
a

cosaxdx =
1
sinax , aa 0
a


1

sinaxdx = cosax , a 0

a



2

sec axdx =
1
ttan ax , a 0
a


1

secaxtanaxdx = secax , a 0

a


1 1 x

dx = tan
1
, a 0

2 2 a a

aa + x

1 x
1
dx = sin , aa > 0, a x a

< <
a
1
2 2


dx = ln
(
x+ x a
)
, x > a>> 0


x
2
a
2
1
2 2


dx = ln
(
x+ x + a
)

2 2

x + a
NOTE : ln x = log xx , x > 0
e
a x
2 2

16
BoardofStudiesNSW2008