98

3. Lekcja
trzecia
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.
ACCUSATIVE CASE OF
SINGULAR PRONOUNS.
LOCATIVE PHRASES.
trzy three. trzeci, trzecia, trzecie third
Baran ram, Aries
Konwersacje:
3.A. Czy nareszcie jeste gotowa?
Waiting for someone to get ready to go out.
3.B. W szkole, na uniwersytecie.
Working at a school. Studying at a university.
3.C. Interesujca/nudna praca.
Discussing kinds of work.
3.D. Nie pamitam.
Asking for an introduction.
3.E. Bardzo mi mio.
A social introduction.
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3.A. Czy nareszcie jeste gotowa?
A husband and wife get ready to go out.
M: Czy nareszcie jeste gotowa?
Czekam na ciebie ju do dugo.
ona: Nie, nie jestem jeszcze
gotowa. <Jeszcze si ubieram.>
M: Wic kiedy wreszcie bdziesz
gotowa?
ona: Nigdy nie bd gotowa, jeli
mnie cigle bdziesz pyta. Lepiej
czekaj na mnie na dworze.
M: Dobrze, bd tam czeka.
Are you finally ready? I've been waiting
for you a fairly long time already.
No, I'm not ready yet. <I'm still getting
dressed.>
So when will you be ready at last?
I'm never going to be ready if you're
going to keep asking me. Better wait
for me outside.
Fine, I'll wait there.

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For active knowledge and dictation practice:
Bd tam czeka.
Kiedy wreszcie bdziesz gotowy
(gotowa)?
Czekaj na mnie na dworze.
Czekam na ciebie ju do dugo.
Czy jeste nareszcie gotowy
(gotowa)?
Nie jestem jeszcze gotowy (gotowa).
Niedugo bd gotowy (gotowa).
Nigdy nie bd gotowy (gotowa).

Pytania
1. Gdzie odbywa si ta rozmowa?
2. O co pyta m? Jak dugo on czeka?
3. Czy ona jest gotowa do wyjcia? Dlaczego?
4. Kiedy ona bdzie gotowa?
5. Gdzie m ma czeka?
6. Czy ty dugo si ubierasz? Czy jeste punktualny (punktualna)?
7. Czy lubisz czeka, kiedy kto si ubiera?
Using mwi wie -wisz say, odpowiada am -asz answer, pyta am -asz ask,
retell the conversation.
Uwagi
cigle av continuously, constantly.
cigle pyta keep asking
czeka -am -asz na +A wait for.
czekaj! wait! (informal)
dugo av for a long time
do wyjcia for leaving, to leave, to
go
jeszcze av still, jeszcze nie not yet
ju av already, ju nie no longer,
ma czeka is supposed to wait
m mp husband
na dworze outside
nareszcie av finally
niedugo av before long, in a bit
odbywa si -a us 3p. take place
pyta -am -asz ask o+A ask about.
bdziesz pyta you are going to
ask.
ubiera si -am si -asz si get
dressed. Contrast with rozbiera
si get undressed.
wic so, then, in that case
wreszcie av finally, at last
ona f wife
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Kto mwi, kobieta czy zupa? A ready-made soup (zupa) is talking, saying
that her (since zupa is feminine) competitors are left in the dust (w
proszku). The juxtaposition of the lower and upper billboard, with the
reclining girl (advertising a supermarket), surely intentional, causes one to
do a double take.
Beer this evening, yogurt tomorrow morning. Another intentional
billboard juxtaposition, and suggested hangover recipe.
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3.A. GRAMATYKA
REVIEW OF PLACES WHERE c OCCURS. The letter c is associated with the
spelling of four different sounds.
a. Other than for the combinations cz, ch, and ci, the letter c, without
any mark above it, expresses the Polish "ts" sound: co what, taca tray, noc
night. The Polish letter c never has the sound of "k".
b. The combination cz expresses the 'hard' "ch" sound similar to ch in
English chalk: czas time, oczy eyes, wstecz backwards.
c. The combination ch expresses the Polish rough "h" sound: chyba
perhaps, ucho ear, dach roof .
d. The letter (kreska c) represents the 'soft' "ch" sound similar to ch in
English cheat, but with the tip of the tongue pressed farther forward. The
letter occurs only before consonants and at word-end: ma moth, la to pour.
Otherwise, one spells ci-; see point e.
e. Before i, the letter c, like , represents the soft Polish "ch" sound: cicho
"icho" quiet, leci "lei" it flies, ciasto "asto" dough, cake, zajcia "zaja"
classes.
Summary:
spelling sound examples
c "ts" co
cz "hard ch" czas
ch Polish "h" chyba
"soft ch" la, ma
ci- " " ciasto, cicho
PRACTICE WITH , d, , , BEFORE i (spellings ci, dzi, ni, si, zi). Before
the letter i, the sounds , d, , , are written without the "kreska";
pronunciation remains the same. This principle also holds in reverse; i.e.,
the combinations ci, dzi, ni, si, zi are always to be interpreted as "i", "di",
"i", "i", "i". Practice:
ci "i" to you cicho "i-cho" quiet , koci "ko-i" bones
dziwny "di-wny" strange, chodzi "cho-di" walks
ani "a-i" neither, nisko "i-sko" low, pani "pa-i" Ms.
sito "i-to" sieve, nosi "no-i" he carries
zima "i-ma" winter, wozi "wo-i" he transports.
PRONOUNCING THE PREPOSITION w in. The preposition w is
pronounced as if part of the following word, without any pause. Before
voiced consonants, it is pronounced "v": w banku "VBAN-ku". Before
voiceless consonants, it is pronounced "f": w kinie "FKI-nie". The
combination w+w is pronounced as a double "vv": w Warszawie "vvar-SZA-
wie"; the combination w+f is pronounced as a double "ff": w fabryce "FFA-
bryce". These different pronunciations of w will occur automatically as long
as one remembers to pronounce the w together with the following word.
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POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS (SINGULAR). Personal pronouns have associated
possessive forms which, if adjectival take gender-number-case endings.
base pronoun: possessive pronoun:
ja I mj, moja, moje my, mine
ty you (sg., informal) twj, twoja, twojeyour, yours
on he, it jego his, its
ona she, it jej her, hers, its
ono it jego its
reflexive: swj, swoja, swoje one's own
pan you, sir pana your, yours, sir's-formal m.
pani you, madam pani your, yours, madam's-formal f.
kto who czyj, czyja, czyje whose
Plural pronouns, for passive learning until Lesson 8:
my we nasz, nasza, nasze our, ours
wy you-pl. wasz, wasza, wasze your, yours
oni they-masc.pers., one they-
non-masc.pers.
ich their, theirs
NOTES ON POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
a. Note the vowel-change in mj moja moje and twj twoja twoje:
mj zeszyt my notebook "MUJ"
moja ksika my book "MO-ja"
moje mieszkanie my apartment "MO-je" .
The vowel here appears when there is no ending; o appears when an
ending is added. This change appears in various places in Polish grammar.
See also, for example, pokj room, w pokoju in the room; st table, stoy
tables.
b. The words jego his, its, jej her, pana yours (m. formal), pani yours (f. formal)
function as possessive adjectives but do not take endings:
Czy to jest jego magnetofon? Is that his tape recorder?
Jej ssiadka jest do mia. Her neighbor is rather nice.
Pana (pani) nazwisko? Your (last) name, sir (madam)?
c. The 3rd-person possessives jego his, its, jej her, pana yours (m. formal),
pani yours (f. formal) are usually replaced by swj, swoja, swoje in the
predicate of a sentence:
To jest jego zeszyt. That is his notebook. (jego zeszyt is not in the
predicate, but is rather the subject of a to jest sentence).
Czy on ma swj zeszyt? Does he have his notebook? (jego zeszyt is in the
predicate, the direct object after the verb ma).
This rule becomes more important after the introduction of the
Accusative case (next lesson).
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d. Questions using czyj czyja czyje often use the following construction,
where the question-word czyj czyja czyje is separated by to jest from the
word it agrees with:
Czyj to jest owek? Whose pencil is that?
Czyja to jest ksika? Whose book is that?
Czyje to jest dziecko? Whose child is that?
d. Possessive pronouns may occupy the position of predicate adjective, in
which case their translation in English changes to 'mine', 'yours', 'his', 'hers':
Ta ksika jest moja. That book is mine.
Czy ten owek jest twj? Is that pencil yours?
To dziecko jest nasze. That child is ours.
THE WORDS ju AND jeszcze. The four concepts 'still', 'already', 'no
longer', and 'yet' are expressed in Polish by the two words ju and jeszcze,
used with or without nie:
jeszcze still, yet ju nie no longer
ju already jeszcze nie not yet
In effect, the negative counterpart of jeszcze is ju nie; the negative
counterpart of ju is jeszcze nie.
Czy ju tam pracujesz? Are you working there yet (already)?
Nie, jeszcze tam nie pracuj. No, I'm not working there yet.
Czy jeszcze tam pracujesz? Are you still working there?
Nie, ju tam nie pracuj. No, I'm not working there any longer.
Czy twj dziadek jeszcze yje? Is your grandfather still alive?
Nie, on ju nie yje. No, he's no longer alive.
The word jeszcze is often used to expressed 'else', as in Czy jeszcze co? Is
there anything else? (Do you want anything else?) In this sense, it is used to
express 'more' of some food or drink item:
Prosz jeszcze jedno piwo. One more beer, please.
THE USE OF bd bdziesz TO EXPRESS FUTURE-TENSE. The future tense
forms of by, bd I will, am going to be bdziesz you will, are going to be
bdzie he, she, it will, is going to be can be used in combination with an
infinitive to express future repetitive or drawn-out action:
Bd wiedzie jutro. I will know tomorrow. .
Nigdy nie bd gotowa, jeli bdziesz mnie cigle pyta. I will never be
ready if you are going to be constantly asking me.
In practice, forms of bd are more often used in combination with 3rd-
person past-tense forms (see Lesson 5). The bd construction cannot be used
with verbs marked in the glossary as Perfective (pf) for example, not with
pozna -am -asz meet, get to know pf.
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WICZENIA 3.A
SINGULAR POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS: czyj, mj, twj, jego, jej, pani,
pana.
3.1. zeszyt: a. Czyj to jest zeszyt? Whose notebook is that?
b. Mj. Mine
mieszkanie, samochd, radio, ksika, owek, kreda, piro.
3.1.
3.2. biuro: a. Gdzie jest twoje biuro? Where is your office?
b. Ono jest tutaj. It is here.
This exercise uses nouns from the section on Locative phrases; but in the
Nominative case.
hotel, pokj, gabinet, szkoa, uniwersytet, bank, mieszkanie, dom, fabryka.
3.2.
3.3. dom: a. Czy to jest twj dom? Is that your house?
b. Czy ten dom jest twj? Is that house yours?
c. Nie, on nie jest mj. No, it's not mine.
dugopis, pralka, krzeso, samochd, lampa, zeszyt, ksika, radio.
3.3.
3.4. on, znajomy: Czy to jest jego znajomy? Is that his acquaintance?
pani, kolega; pan, narzeczona; ona, znajoma; ty, koleanka; pan, ssiad.
3.4.
3.5. pan: a. Czy pan jest ju gotowy? Are you ready yet?
b. Nie, jeszcze nie jestem gotowy. No, I'm not ready yet.
pani, on, ona, twj kolega, twoja koleanka, ty.
3.5.
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THE WORDS ju AND jeszcze. Answer the 2nd-person cues with a 1st-person
response.
3.6. mie: a. Czy jeszcze co masz? Do you still have something?
b. Nie, ju nic nie mam. No, I don't have anything any more.
robi, pamita, mwi, rozumie, wiedzie, je, chcie.
3.6.
USE of bd TO EXPRESS FUTURE TENSE
3.7. pracowa: a. Czy teraz pracujesz? Are you working now?
b. Nie, ale niedugo bd pracowa. No, but I will be
working before long.
studiowa prawo-law, mieszka w Poznaniu, by gotowy (-a), mwi po
polsku, rozumie co, mie co, ubiera si.
3.7.
Your day, your water. Cindy Crawford selling bottled water to Poland.
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Uniwersytet we Wrocawiu. Main buildings of Wrocaw Univeristy.
3.B. W szkole, na uniwersytecie
Two friends meet on the street and catch up on family news.
Jarek: Gdzie mieszka teraz twoja
<modsza/starsza> siostra?
Jadzia: Irena mieszka teraz w Poznaniu.
Pracuje jako nauczycielka w szkole.
Jarek: Czy jest zadowolona?
Jadzia: Tak, jest bardzo zadowolona
<, mimo e nieduo zarabia>.
Jarek: A twj brat, gdzie on teraz jest?
Jadzia: Adam jest teraz we Wrocawiu.
Studiuje prawo na uniwersytecie.
Jarek: Czy on te jest zadowolony?
Jadzia: Nie, on mwi, e jest cigle
zmczony, bo za duo pracuje.
<Zreszt on zawsze tak mwi.>
Where is your <younger/older> sister Irena
living now?
Irena's living now in Pozna. She works as
a teacher in a school.
Is she satisfied?
Yes, she's very satisfied, <even though she
doesn't make very much>.
And your brother, where is he now?
Adam is now in Wrocaw. He's studying
law at the university.
And is he happy too?
No, he says that he's always tired, because
he works too much. <But he always talks
that way>.

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For passive knowledge and dictation practice:
Brat studiuje prawo na
uniwersytecie.
Gdzie mieszka teraz twoja siostra?
Gdzie studiuje twj brat?
Moja siostra pracuje w szkole.
On mwi, e jest cigle zmczony.
On mwi, e za duo pracuje.
On studiuje prawo we Wrocawiu.
Ona pracuje jako nauczycielka.
Ona mieszka w Poznaniu.
Ona mwi, e jest zadowolona.

Pytania
1. Gdzie mieszka siostra? Czy ona pracuje? Co ona robi?
2. Gdzie jest brat? Czy on te jest w Warszawie? Co on robi?
3. Czy siostra jest zadowolona?
4. A brat? Czy on te jest zadowolony? Dlaczego?
5. Czy za duo pracujesz? Czy jeste cigle zmczony (zmczona)?
6. Czy masz brata czy siostr? Gdzie on(a) jest? Co robi? Czy jest zadowolony
(zadowolona)?
Using mwi say, odpowiada answer, pyta ask, retell the conversation.
Write T/F statements to the dialogue.
Uwagi
cigle av constantly, continually
duo a lot. nieduo not much. za
duo too much
Jadzia diminutive or affectionate
form of Jadwiga
jako as, in the function or capacity of
Jarek diminutive or affectionate
form of Jarosaw
modszy comp aj younger.
najmodszy youngest
Pozna Poznan. w Poznaniu in
Poznan
starszy comp aj older. najstarszy
oldest
Wrocaw Wrocaw. we Wrocawiu
zadowolony aj satisfied. Used
where English would probably
use 'happy'.
zarabia -am -asz earn, "make"
zreszt for all that, for that matter, in
any case, as far as that goes.
3. LEKCJA TRZECIA
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GRAMATYKA 3.B.
REPORTING VERBS (CONTINUED FROM LESSON 2). The main Polish
reporting verbs (verbs used to report on speech, thought, events, and states
of affairs) are
mwi -wi -wisz speak, talk, say, e
myle -l -lisz think, e
odpowiada -am -asz answer, e
pamita -am -asz remember, e (or: nie pamita, czy)
sdzi -dz -dzisz judge, think, consider, e
uwaa -am -asz think, consider, e
wtpi -pi -pisz doubt, e
wiedzie wiem wiesz know (information) +e (or: nie wiedzie, czy)
mie mam, masz wraenie have the impression, e
NOTES ON REPORTING VERBS:
a. The verb zna -am -asz 'know' is not a reporting verb. It may not be
followed by either e that or czy whether, but only by direct objects:
Dobrze go znam. I know him well.
Czy znasz j? Do you know her?
b. Reporting verbs used to convey declarative information or indirect
speech must be followed by a conjunction, usually e that, preced by a
comma The conjunction e is never omitted (as the conjunction 'that' may be
in English):
Wiem, e on tam pracuje. I know (that) he works there.
Ona mwi, e bdzie spniona. She says (that) she will be late.
Wtpi, e on bdzie w domu. I doubt whether he'll be at home.
Verbs introducing yes-no information whose factual status is in doubt take
the conjunction czy:
Nie wiem, czy bd gotowa. I don't know whether I'll be ready.
Ona pyta, czy jestem gotowy. She's asking whether I'm ready.
The word wtpi 'doubt' can also take czy, but e is considered better.
c. The verbs uwaa consider, be of the opinion, and myle think are used
in statements expressing opinions like
Uwaam, e on za duo pracuje. I consider (think) that he works too much.
Myl, e on bdzie teraz w domu. I think he'll be at home now.
d. The adjectives pewien (or pewny), f. pewna sure, certain is often used
in a reporting function in combination with the verb by:
Jestem pewien (pewny), e skd pani znam. I'm certain I know you from
somewhere.
On nie jest pewien (pewny), czy on mnie pamita. He's not sure whether
he remembers me.
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This use is similar to the use of ciekaw(y), f. ciekawa in the sense 'curious',
'wonder' which, because of its meaning, occurs with the conjunction czy,
used with yes-no information:
Jestem ciekaw(y), czy ona bdzie ju w domu. I wonder whether she will
already be at home.
WORDS FOR 'FRIEND'. Polish distinguishes words for 'close friend',
'acquaintance', and 'work- or school-mate'.
1. The word for 'work- or schoolmate' is kolega (pl koledzy) f. koleanka
(pl koleanki) colleague. The word kolega is masculine in gender: mj
kolega my colleague.
2. The word for 'acquaintance' is znajomy (pl znajomi) f. znajoma (pl
znajome). These words are adjectives in form but function as nouns.
3. The words przyjaciel (pl. przyjaciele) przyjacika f. (pl przyjaciki)
friend are reserved for especially close friends.
4. English 'boyfriend' and 'girlfriend' are usually rendered in Polish by
chopak and dziewczyna, respectively. The words narzeczony and
narzeczona, literally 'fianc(e)', are sometimes used in the sense 'steady
boyfriend or girlfriend', especially narzeczony by young women.
Koledzy i koleanki m. and f. colleagues
Koledzy Marka Poniaka Colleagues of Marek Pozniak.
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WICZENIA 3.B.
3.8. Retell each line of Conversation 3.B., using reporting verbs mwi,
pyta, odpowiada.
3.9. moja zadowolona siostra:
a. Myl, e moja siostra jest zadowolona.
I think that my sister is satisfied.
b. Nie wiem, czy moja siostra jest zadowolona.
I don't know whether my sister is satisfied.
c. Wtpi, e moja siostra jest zadowolona. I doubt that my sister
is satisfied.
to zepsute radio, ten zmczony pan, ten interesujcy film, twj nowy
samochd, to interesujce muzeum, moja zajta-busy koleanka, mj
spniony kolega.
3.9.
TOO LITTLE, TOO MUCH. Use either za duo or za mao with the following
verbs, according to the model.
3.10. pracowa: a. On za duo pracuje. He works too much.
b. On mwi, e za duo pracuje. He says he works too much.
wiedzie, rozumie, robi, mie, chcie, studiowa, pamita, uczy si,
mwi.
3.10.
PERSONAL ADJECTIVES.
3.11. spniony: a. Zawsze jestem spniony (-a). I'm always late.
b. Nigdy nie jestem spniony (-a). I'm never late.
chory sick, gotowy, pewien (pewny), zadowolony, zmczony, zajty busy.
3.11.
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biblioteka library
Czy praca w bibliotece moe byinteresujca? Can work in a library be
interesting? Naprawd? Really?
3.C. Interesujca praca
Can work in a library really be interesting?
Pani A: Rozumiem, e pan
pracuje na uniwersytecie.
Pan B: Tak, to prawda, pracuj
tam w bibliotece.
Pani A: Czy to jest interesujca
praca?
Pan B: Oczywicie. Kada praca
jest interesujca.
<or: Nie, jest raczej nudna.>
I understand that you work at the
university.
Yes, that's right, I work there in the
library.
Is it an interesting job?
Of course. Every job is interesting.
<No, it's rather boring.>

3. LEKCJA TRZECIA
113
For active knowledge and dictation practice:
Czy pani pracuje na uniwersytecie?
Czy to jest interesujca praca?
Kada praca jest interesujca.
Pracuj tam w bibliotece.
Rozumiem, e pan pracuje na
uniwersytecie.
Ta praca jest raczej nudna.
To prawda.

Pytania
1. Gdzie pracuje Pan B?
2. Czy jego praca jest interesujca?
3. Czy praca w bibliotece moe by interesujca? Naprawd?
4. Czy zgadzasz si, e kada praca jest rwnie interesujca? Jaka praca nie
jest zbyt interesujca?
5. Czy pracujesz? Czy to jest interesujca praca?
Using mwi say, odpowiada answer, pyta ask, retell the conversation.
Uwagi
biblioteka library. w bibliotece in
the library.
kady, kada, kade each, every
moe by can be
naprawd really
nudny aj boring
rwnie equally
zgadza si -am -asz agree
GRAMATYKA 3.C.
THE WORDS ktry, ktra, ktre which AND kady, kada, kade each,
every. These two words are often used in tandem:
Ktra winda jest czynna? Which elevator is good (operable)?
Kada winda jest czynna. Every elevator is good.
The word kady (-a, -e) may also answer questions formed with jaki (-a, -ie):
Jaka praca jest interesujca? What sort of work is intersting?
Kada praca jest interesujca. Every kind of work is interesting.
THE WORD aden, adna, adne no, none, not any. This word is more or less
the negative of kady (-a, -e). It requires that the verb be negated:
adna praca nie jest interesujca. No work is interesting.
aden film nie jest interesujcy. No film is interesting.
adne dziecko nie jest grzeczne. No child is polite.
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SOME LOCATIVE-COMPATIBLE VERBS. The following common verbs of
state or activity may be followed by a phrase of location (see further below):
by jestem jeste jest be or bd bdziesz bdzie will be
czeka -am -asz wait
je jem jesz eat
mieszka -am -asz live, reside
pracowa -cuj -cujesz work
spa pi pisz sleep
studiowa -iuj -iujesz study (as a course of study)
uczy si -cz -czysz study (in a concrete situation)
y yj yjesz live
Examples:
On jest teraz w domu. He is at home now.
Czy zwykle jesz w restauracji? Do you usually eat at a restaurant?
Czekaj na mnie w parku Wait for me in the park.
Mieszkamy i pracujemy w Warszawie. We live and work in Warsaw.
Ucz si w bibliotece. I study in the library.
One tends to say Studiuj na uniwersytecie. I study at the university. (more or
less the equivalent of saying "I am a student there"), but Ucz si w
bibliotece. I'm (momentarily) studying in the library.
Some Locative-compatible verbs of body position are
lee - -ysz lie, be lying
siedzie -0dz -dzisz sit
sta stoj stoisz stand
wisie -sz -sisz hang
Examples:
Ona teraz ley chora w ku. She's lying sick now in bed.
On siedzi teraz w gabinecie. He's sitting now in his of fice.
W pokoju stoi dua lampa. A large lamp is standing in the room.
SOME LOCATIVE PHRASES. The following phrases, expressing 'place
where' after the prepositions w in, at and na on, at, should be learned for the
time being next to the basic form of the noun. In the sense of at, the
preposition na is used with attendance at events, like performances, films,
concerts, meetings, and the like. Other nouns tend to take w. These forms
exhibit the Locative case, more fully presented in other lessons.
Nominative Locative:
bank bank w banku in the bank
biblioteka library w bibliotece in/at the library
biuro of fice, bureau w biurze at/in the of fice
budynek building w budynku in the building
hotel hotel w hotelu in the hotel
kino movie-house w kinie at the movie-house
koci church w kociele in church
miasto town w miecie in town
3. LEKCJA TRZECIA
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muzeum museum w muzeum in the museum
park park w parku in the park
poczta post- of fice na poczcie at the post-office
restauracja restaurant w restauracji in the restaurant
sklep store w sklepie in the store
szkoa school w szkole in/at school
szpital hospital w szpitalu in the hospital
teatr theater w teatrze in the theater
ulica street na ulicy on the street
uniwersytet university na uniwersytecie at the university
Home, Apartment, Rooms:
biurko desk na biurku on the desk
dom house, hom w domu at home
gabinet of fice (room) w gabinecie in the of fice
kuchnia kitchen w kuchni in the kitchen
azienka bathroom w azience in the bathroom
ko bed w ku in bed
mieszkanie apartment w mieszkaniu in the apartment
podoga floor na pododze on the floor
pokj room w pokoju in the room
st table na stole on the table
sufit ceiling na suficie on the ceiling
ciana wall na cianie on the wall
Events:
film film, movie na filmie at the film, movie
impreza get-together na imprezie at a get-together
koncert concert na koncercie at the concert
przedstawienie performance na przedstawieniu at the performance
prywatka (private) party na prywatce at the party
przyjcie reception, party na przyjciu at the reception
wystawa exhibit na wystawie at the exhibit
zajcia class(es) na zajciach in class(es)
Countries, Polish Cities:
Ameryka America w Ameryce in America
Polska Poland w Polsce in Poland
Gdask Gdansk w Gdasku in Gdansk
Krakw Krakow w Krakowie in Krakow
Lublin Lublin w Lublinie in Lublin
d Lodz w odzi In Lodz
Pozna Poznan w Poznaniu in Poznan
Warszawa Warsaw w Warszawie in Warsaw
Wrocaw Wroclaw we Wrocawiu
One may often form the Locative case of new nouns based on analogy to
forms already known, as long as one keeps feminine nouns separate from
masculine and neuter nouns. For example, on the basis of ulica street, na
3. LEKCJA TRZECIA
116
ulicy on the street, one can correctly guess tablica blackboard, na tablicy on the
blackboard.
FOR PASSIVE KNOWLEDGE: FORMING THE LOCATIVE CASE OF
NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES. Experience shows that the Locative case,
illustrated in the words just above, is best learned on the example of actual
forms rather than rules. However, here are the rules for those who are
interested in learning them at this point. These rules depend on the
distinction between so-called hard and soft consonants. Here is a chart of
Polish Hard (H) and corresponding Soft (S) consonants (spelled as if before
the ending -e):
H p b f w m t d s z n r
S pi- bi- fi- wi- mi- ci- dzi- si- zi- ni- l- rz-
H k g ch st zd s z sn
S c dz sz ci- dzi- l- l- ni- cz j
RULES FOR FORMING THE LOCATIVE CASE:
1. Masculine and neuter nouns. (a) If the stem ends in a a hard
consonant, the consonant is softened, and the ending is -e: zeszyt, L
zeszycie notebook. (b) If the stem ends in a soft consonant, or in k, g, ch, the
ending is -u: hotel, L hotelu hotel, mieszkanie, L mieszkaniu apartment,
rcznik, L rczniku towel, pudeko, L pudeku box. Irregular: dom, L domu
house, pan, L panu Sir, syn, L synu son. The adjective ending is -ym (-im):
dobrym good, drogim expensive, dear, moim my.
2. Feminine nouns. (a) If the stem ends in a hard consonant,
including in k, g, ch, the consonant is softened, and the ending is -e:
kobieta, L kobiecie woman, ksika, L ksice book. (b) If the stem ends in a
soft consonant, the ending is --y (-i): ulica, L ulicy street, rzecz, L rzeczy
thing, restauracja, L restauracji restaurant. The adjective ending is -ej: nowej
new, drogiej expensive, dear, mojej my.
3. The Locative plural of all nouns, without exception, is -ach:
zeszytach notebooks, mieszkaniach apartments, zajciach classes. The adjective
ending is -ych (-ich): nowych new, drogich expensive, dear, moich my.
NOTES:
a. Before the ending -'e (e plus preceding softening), nouns
containing ia or io/i before t, d, s, z, may change ia to ie and io/i to ie
(ssiad, L ssiedzie neighbor, miasto, L miecie town, koci, L kociele
church).
b. The possible change of root and to and o in masculine
nouns before all endings holds here too: m, L mu husband, st, L stole
table. Mobile (dropping) e occurs before endings in many masculine noun
stems, especially before k: budynek, L budynku building.
3. LEKCJA TRZECIA
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WICZENIA 3.C.
THE WORDS ktry, kady, aden.
3.12. dobra pralka: a. Ktra pralka jest dobra? Which washing machine is
good?
b. Kada pralka jest dobra. Every wachine machine is
good.
c. adna pralka nie jest dobra. No washing machine is
good.
wymagajcy lektor, interesujca ksika, zmczony student, zepsute radio.
3.12.
LOCATIVE PHRASES
3.13. bank: a. Czy on jeszcze pracuje w banku? Does he still work at the bank?
b. Nie, on ju nie pracuje w banku. No, he doesn't work at the
bank any longer.
restauracja, hotel, uniwersytet, szkoa, biblioteka, muzeum, poczta, biuro.
3.13.
3.14. Polska: a. Czy on jeszcze mieszka w Polsce? Does he still live in
Poland?
b. Nie, on ju nie mieszka w Polsce. No, he doesn't live in
Poland any more.
Ameryka, Krakw, Warszawa, Lublin, Pozna, d.
3.14.
3.15. ty, pracowa w biurze: a. Czy jeszcze pracujesz w biurze? Do you
still work in an office?
b. Nie, ju nie pracuj w biurze. No, I don't
work in an office any more.
pan, mieszka w domu; pani, studiowa na uniwersytecie; ona, uczy si w
bibliotece; on, pracowa w szkole; ty, by zadowolony; pan, mwi po
wosku; pani, co je; on, co robi; ona, co chcie.
In the last three items, in b replace co something with nic nothing.
3.15.
3. LEKCJA TRZECIA
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3.16. dom: Ona pewnie jest teraz w domu. She's probably at home now.
mieszkanie, hotel, restauracja, praca, gabinet, pokj, biuro, poczta.
3.16.
3.17. Polska: Czy bye (bya) kiedy w Polsce? Have you ever been to
Poland? Uses 2nd pers. sg. past tense of by (see Lesson5).
Ameryka, Pozna, Krakw, Wrocaw, Gdask, Lublin, d.
3.17.
3.18. dom, praca: a. Czy ona jest w domu, czy w pracy? Is she at home or at
work?
b. Ona bdzie albo w domu, albo w pracy. She'll be
either at home or at work.
bank, biblioteka; hotel, restauracja; kino, koncert; szkoa, uniwersytet;
muzeum, park; Pozna, Warszawa; Ameryka, Polska; miasto, koci.
3.18.
More Signs Talking to Each Other
Bd legalny. Be legal! aden czowiek nie jest nielegalny. No man is illegal.
The first sign, on the left, is addressed to unregistered aliens, encouraging
them to register. The sign on the right responds to it philosophically.
3. LEKCJA TRZECIA
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Jak ma na imi twoje piwo? What's your beer's first name? (outdoor
advertisement for Lech Beer)
Piwo jedno ma imi beer has but one name. niejedno razem more than one at a
time. piwo bezalkoholowe non-alcoholic beer. Since outdoor advertising of
alcoholic beer is presently prohibited in Poland, the advertising of non-
alcoholic beer with the same brand name has proliferated. The slogan
alludes to the book by Pierre la Mure, translated into Polish as Mio
niejedno ma imi, literally, Love has more than one name.
3.D. Nie pamitam
One person asks another about his (her) friend.
Jurek: Jak ma na imi twj kolega
(twoja koleanka)?
Julia: Ktry (ktra)?
Jurek: Ten (ta) po prawej <po lewej>.
Julia: Leon (Lena). Dlaczego pytasz?
Jurek: On (ona) jest do sympatyczny
(sympatyczna). Skd go (j) znasz?
Julia: Nie pamitam, ale znam go (j)
od dawna. Chcesz go (j) pozna?
Jurek: Tak, bardzo chtnie go (j)
poznam.
What's your friend's name?
Which one??
The one on the right (on the left).
Jan (Janina). Why do you ask?
He (she) is rather nice. Where do you know
him (her) from?
I don't remember, but I've known him (her)
for a long time. Do you want to meet
him (her)?
Yes, I'll meet him (her) very gladly.

3. LEKCJA TRZECIA
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For active knowledge and dictation practice:
Bardzo chtnie go poznam.
Chcesz j pozna?
Jak ma na imi twj kolega?
Nie pamitam.
Skd go znasz?
Skd j znasz?
Ta po prawej stronie.
Ten po lewej stronie.
Twoja koleanka jest do
sympatyczna.
Znam go od dawna.
Znam j od dawna.

Pytania
1. Jak kolega (koleanka) ma na imi?
2. Skd Julia go (j) zna?
3. Czy Jurek chce go (j) pozna?
4. Jak twj kolega (twoja koleanka) obok ma na imi?
5. Czy znasz go (j) od dawna? Skd go (j) znasz? Jak dugo go (j) znasz?
6. Jak ma na imi najlepszy twj przyjaciel (najlepsza twoja przyjacika)?
Using mwi say, odpowiada answer, pyta ask, retell the conversation.
Uwagi
chtnie av gladly, willingly.
This word is often used to express
'I'd be glad to', as in chtnie go
poznam. I'll gladly meet him.
go him, j her. The Accusative
(direct object) forms of on, ona. See
below in this section.
Jurek diminutive or affectionate
form of Jerzy
kolega (m.) koleanka (f.)
colleague, work-mate, class-mate
nie pamitam I don't remember.
The negation of 'remember' is often
used in Polish to express what
English often expresses with 'I
forget', or 'I can't remember'.
obok av alongside
od dawna av phr for a long time,
since a long time ago
po lewej (stronie) on the left
(-hand side)
po prawej (stronie) on the right
(-hand side)
pozna -am -asz pf meet
skd literally means 'where
from'. It also has an idiomatic use in
the sense 'why no', 'not at all'.
sympatyczny aj nice,
sympathetic.
zna -am -asz know, be familiar
with (a person, place, thing). i.e.,
not in the sense 'know information',
which is expressed with wiedzie
wiem, wiesz.
3. LEKCJA TRZECIA
121
GRAMATYKA 3.D.
ACCUSATIVE CASE FORMS OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS (SINGULAR).
When a pronoun is placed in the direct-object position after a verb (the
position designating the person or thing receiving the action of the verb), it
will appear in its Accusative case form. The following common verbs take
objects in the Accusative case:
czeka -am -asz na wait for pamita -am -asz remember
je jem jesz eat rozumie -em -esz understand
lubi -bi -bisz like widzie -dz -dzisz see
mie mam masz have zna -am -asz know (someone)
Accusative case forms of pronouns are roughly analogous to the Objective
forms of English pronouns: I-me, he-him, she-her, who-whom (but you-you). The
subject forms of the pronouns are in the Nominative case. The Accusative
forms of the singular personal pronouns are as follows:
Nom. ja ty on ona ono pan pani kto co
Acc. mnie ci
ciebie
go
jego
j je pana pani kogo co
+ prep. mnie ciebie niego ni nie pana pani kogo co
Nom. nikt nic
Acc. nikogo nic
The forms ciebie and jego are emphatic or contrastive: Ciebie lubi, ale
jego nie lubi. You I like, but him I don't like. The forms in the third row
above occur after prepositions; see Czekam na ciebie. I'm waiting for you. On
czeka na ni. He's waiting for her. Nouns and adjectives have Accusative
forms as well, introduced in the following lesson.
In normal unemphatic speech, Accusative pronouns often go in front of
the verb, avoiding final position, but they do not usually go in absolute
initial position; see
On j lubi. He likes her.
Lubi ci. I like you.
Czy pamitasz mnie? Do you remember me?
Skd go znasz? Where do you know him from?
Dobrze pana pamitam. I remember you-m.formal well.
THE TWO VERBS 'KNOW'. The verb wiedzie wiem, wiesz means 'know
information'. It is usually followed by the conjunction e 'that' or by a
questioning adverb used as a conjunction:
Wiem, e rozumiesz po francusku. I know that you understand French.
Nie wiem, kiedy bd gotowy. I don't know when I'll be ready.
The verb zna znam, znasz signifies familiarity with some person or thing. It
is followed by direct objects in the Accusative case.
3. LEKCJA TRZECIA
122
Dobrze go znam. I know him well.
Kogo tu znasz? Whom do you know here?
WICZENIA 3.D.
ACCUSATIVE CASE OF SINGULAR PRONOUNS. Unless instructed
otherwise, omit 1st and 2nd person subject pronouns; do not omit 3rd person
subject pronouns, including pan and pani.
3.19. on: Dobrze go znam. I know him well.
ona, ty, pan, pani.
3.19.
3.20. ja, ty: Pamitam ci. I remember you
on, ona; ona, on; ja, pani; on, pan; ona, ja.
You may use the verbs lubi or rozumie instead of pamita.
3.20.
3.21. on, pani: On skd pani zna. He knows you (fem. formal) from
somewhere.
ona, pan; ja, ty; on, ja; on, ona; ja, on.
3.21.
3.22. on, pani: a. On pani lubi. He likes you (fem. formal).
b. Czy pani go lubi? Do you (fem. formal) like him?
ona, pan; ja, ty; on, ona.
3.22.
3.23. ty: Czekam na ciebie. I'm waiting for you.
on, ona, pani, pan.
3.23.
3.24. on, ona, park: On bdzie czeka na ni w parku. He'll be waiting
for her in the park.
ona, on, teatr; ja, pan, pokj; on, pani, muzeum; ja, ty, poczta; ty, ja, koci.
3.24.
3. LEKCJA TRZECIA
123
3.E. Bardzo mi mio
A social introduction. The man in the picture is probably not going to get one.
A: Pan(i) pozwoli, e si przedstawi.
Jan liwiski (Joanna liwiska).
B: Bardzo mi mio. Dariusz Trzmiel
(Danuta Trzmiel).
A: Mam wraenie, e skd pana
(pani) znam.
B: To chyba niemoliwe, nie jestem
std.
A: A skd pan (pani) jest?
B: To moja tajemnica.
Allow me to introduce myself. Jan
Sliwinski (Joanna Sliwinska).
Nice to meet you. Dariusz Trzmiel
(Danuta Trzmiel)
I have the impression that I know you from
somewhere.
That's probably impossible, I'm not from
here.
And where are you from?
That's my secret.

3. LEKCJA TRZECIA
124
For active knowledge and dictation practice:
Bardzo mi mio.
Mam wraenie, e pani (pana)
znam.
Nie jestem std.
Pan(i) pozwoli, e si przedstawi.
Skd pan(i) jest?
Skd pani (pana) znam.
To chyba niemoliwe.
To moja tajemnica.
Pytania
1. Jak ta kobieta si nazywa? A ten mczyna?
2. Czy on j zna? Czy ona go zna?
3. Skd on moe j zna, skoro ona nie jest std?
4. Dlaczego ona nie chce powiedzie, skd ona jest?
5. Czy wiesz, skd jest twj kolega (twoja koleanka) obok?
6. A czy ty jeste std? Skd jeste, jeli nie jeste std?
Uwagi
bardzo mi mio literally, 'it's very nice
for me'
Danuta Trzmiel (trzmiel bumblebee).
Women's last names ending in a
consonant do not take special gender
endings.
Joanna liwiska. Last names ending
in -ski are treated as adjectives and
take gender endings in the same
way as any adjective.
mi to, for me. The short Dative case
form of ja I (see Lesson 7).
pan (pani) pozwoli. literally, 'you will
allow'.
pana, pani. The Accusative (direct
object) forms of pan, pani.
pozwoli -l -lisz pf allow, permit
przedstawi -wi -wisz pf present,
introduce. przedstawi si introduce
oneself
skd av from where. skd from
somewhere
skoro conj since
std av from here.
...e si przedstawi that I introduce
myself.
wraenie n impression. mam
wraenie, e I have the
impression that
GRAMATYKA 3.E.
SOME USEFUL ADVERBS:
cigle constantly
czasami sometimes
czsto often
duo a lot
mao not much
na pewno surely
naprawd really
pewnie probably
prawie almost
rzadko rarely
teraz now
za duo too much
za mao too little
zawsze always
zwykle usually
3. LEKCJA TRZECIA
Adverbs modify the meaning of adjectives, verbs, or other adverbs:
modifying an adjective: Jestem cigle zmczony. I'm constantly tired.
modifying a verb: On duo rozumie. He understands a lot.
modifying another adverb: Ona jest prawie zawsze zajta. She is almost
always busy.
COMPOSING TRUE/FALSE STATEMENTS. A good test of one's
comprehension of a dialogue is to make up sentences which may be verified
or disconfirmed, so-called True/False sentences or, in Polish, tak/nie
sentences. Of course, in many instances, a statement purporting to be factual
will best be qualified as moe 'maybe', chyba tak 'probably so', chyba nie
'probably not', nie wiem 'I don't know', nie wiemy 'we don't know,' or in
some other way. Here is an example of a set of True/False statements, based
on Dialogue A of this lesson. You can determine the answers on your own.
M: Czy nareszcie jeste gotowa? Czekam na ciebie ju do dugo.
ona: Nie, nie jestem jeszcze gotowa. Jeszcze si ubieram.
M: A kiedy wreszcie bdziesz gotowa?
ona: Nigdy nie bd gotowa, jeli mnie cigle bdziesz pyta.
T/F Statements. Answer them. If the answer is nie, then explain why.
1. M jest gotowy. 6. ona bdzie niedugo gotowa.
2. M niedugo czeka. 7. M bdzie czeka w pokoju.
3. ona jest gotowa. 8. M i ona spniaj si-are late.
4. M jest cierpliwy-patient. 9. ona si pieszy.
5. ona robi makija-makeup. 10. ona nigdy nie bdzie gotowa.
SOME PROFESSIONS. The second word given is the female variant, if
available.
adwokat, f. adwokatka lawyer inynier engineer
aktor, f. aktorka actor (f. actress) kelner, f. kelnerka waiter
architekt architect lekarz, f. lekarka doctor
dentysta, f. dentystka dentist pielgniarka f nurse
dziennikarz, f. dziennikarka journalist profesor professor
ekspedient, ekspedientka salesperson sekretarka f secretary
farmaceuta, f. farmaceutka pharmacist nauczyciel, f. nauczycielka teacher
fryzjer, f. fryzjerka barber, hairdresser urzdnik, f. urzdniczka clerk
The conjunction jako as can be used with professions in the phrase pracowa
jako work as, in the capacity of:
Mj brat pracuje jako adwokat. My brother works as an lawyer.
Moja siostra pracuje jako farmaceutka. My sister works as a pharmacist.
A verb often applied to professions is zarabia -am -asz earn, make money':
Mj brat dobrze zarabia jako kelner. My brother makes good money as a
waiter.
Ten adwokat duo (mao) zarabia. That lawyer makes a lot (not much).
3. LEKCJA TRZECIA
126
WICZENIA 3.E.
3.25. Think of a short sentence to go with each of the adverbs.
cigle: Jestem cigle zmczony (-a), I'm constantly tired.
czasami, czsto, duo, mao, na pewno, naprawd, pewnie, prawie, rzadko,
za duo. za mao, zawsze, zwykle.
3.26. Using'surely', 'constantly', 'always' with Locative phrases.
praca: On jest zawsze w pracy. He's always at work.
Substitute cigle, na pewno, zwykle, for zawsze in differentLocative sentences.
biblioteka, biuro, gabinet, koci, park, szkoa, ko.
3.27. Give a question that the statement might answer:
Nie, nie jestem jeszcze gotowa. Czy ju jeste gotowa?
1. Jeszcze si ubieram.
2. Ju niedugo bd gotowa.
3. Czekaj na mnie na dworze.
4. Moja siostra mieszka teraz w Poznaniu.
5. Siostra pracuje jako nauczycielka w szkole.
6. Mj brat jest teraz we Wrocawiu.
7. Brat studiuje na uniwersytecie.
8. Brat mwi, e jest cigle zmczony, bo za duo pracuje.
9. Brat jest zawsze zmczony, bo za duo pracuje.
10. Pracuj w bibliotece na uniwersytecie.
11. Praca w bibliotece jest zawsze interesujca.
12. Mj kolega ma na imi Jan.
13. Znam j od dawna.
14. Nie jestem std.
3.28. Sentence pairs based on the conversations. Translate.
1. Where is your sister living now?
She's living in Warsaw.
2. Does your sister work?
Yes, he works as a teacher in a
school.
3. Is your sister satisfied?
Yes, she's very satisfied.
4. Where is your brother now?
My brother is in Krakow.
5. What does your brother do?
He's studies at the university.
6. Is he satisfied?
No, he says he works too much.
7. Is he satisfied?
No, he's never satisfied.
7. He says he's always tired.
He always talks that way.
127
127
8. If I remember rightly, you work in
the library.
Yes, that's right.
9. Is that a good job?
I don't know whether it's good.
10. The work is always interesting.
Can work in a library really be
interesting?
11. Is that job interesting?
Every job can be interesting.
12. What's you friend's name?
Jadwiga.
13. Where do you know him/her
from?
I don't remember, but I know
him/her for a long time.
14. Your colleague is rather nice.
Do you want to meet him/her?
15. Do you want to meet him (her)?
Yes, very gladly.
16. Are you ready yet?
No, I'm not ready yet.
17. I'm still dressing.
Well then when will you be ready?
18. When will you finally be ready?
I'll never be ready.
19. You speak Polish quite well.
I speak French even better.
20. It seems to me I know you from
somewhere.
That's impossible. I'm not from here.
3.29. Fill in the blanks:
1. Chcesz --- pozna?
him (her)
2. Czy ju jeste ---?
ready (f.)
3. Czy on --- jest zadowolony?
also
4. Czy praca w szkole ---
interesujca? can be
5. --- pytasz?
why
6. --- si ubieram.
still
7. --- praca jest interesujca.
every
8. Kiedy bdziesz --- gotowa?
finally
9. Mj brat jest --- w Krakowie.
now
10. On mwi, e --- jest zmczony.
constantly
11. Ona mwi, e --- pracuje.
too much
12. Nie jestem --- gotowy.
yet
13. Nie jestem ---.
from here
14. Ona jest --- sympatyczna.
rather
15. On nie jest --- zadowolony.
too
16. Pan (pani) pozwoli, ---.
that I introduce myself
17. On pracuje jako nauczyciel ---.
in school
18. --- go znasz?
From where
19. Ona nie jest --- zadowolona.
too
20. Tak, to ---.
right
21. To chyba ---.
impossible
22. ---, e pana (pani) znam.
It seems to me
128
128
23. Znam j ---.
for a long time
24. Czy on bdzie ---?
at home
25. Czy to jest --- magnetofon?
his
26. --- to jest magnetofon?
Whose
27. --- to jest dziecko?
Whose
28. Jej ssiadka jest --- mia.
rather
29. --- tu znasz?
Whom
30. Lubi ---.
you
31. Nie, on --- yje.
no longer
32. On nie jest ---, czy mnie pamita.
certain
33. Ona mwi, e bdzie ---.
late
34. Pamitam ---.
you (male, formal)
35. Ta ksika jest ---.
mine
36. ---, e on za duo pracuje.
I consider
37. ---, czy on bdzie w domu.
I doubt
38. ---, e on tam pracuje.
I know
39. Skd --- pamitam.
you (female, formal)
40. Ona bdzie teraz w ---.
the office
brakujce wyrazy
Gdask, w Gdasku
1000 Years of Gdask. Postage stamp commemorating the millenial
anniversary of the city of Gdask.
129
129
VOCABULARY TO LESSON 3
Ameryka f America. w Ameryce
bank mi bank. w banku
biblioteka f library. w bibliotece
biuro n office. w biurze
brat mp Npl bracia GApl braci Ipl
brami brother
budynek -nku mi building. w
budynku
chtnie av gladly, willingly. chtnie
go poznam. I'd be glad to meet
him.
chopak mp boy, boyfriend
cigle av constantly. cigle pyta
keep asking
czasami av sometimes
czyj, czyja, czyje poss aj of kto whose
czynny aj operable, working
dom mi house, home. w domu
duo av or quant a lot. za duo too
much. nieduo not much
dziewczyna f girl, girlfriend
fabryka f factory. w fabryce
film mi film, movie. na filmie at a
movie
gabinet mi personal office. w
gabinecie
go pron A of on him
gotowy (gotw), f gotowa aj ready,
prepared
hotel mi hotel. w hotelu
jako conj as, in the function of
j pron A of ona her
je pron A of ono it
jego poss aj o fon his.
jej poss aj of ona her, hers
jeszcze av still. jeszcze nie not yet
ju av already. ju nie no longer
kady, kada, kade pron aj each,
every
kino n movie theater. w kinie
kocha kocham kochasz impf love
kolega mp colleague, work- or
school-mate. f koleanka
koncert mi concert. na koncercie
koci -cioa mi church. w kociele
Krakw -kowa mi Krakow. w
Krakowie
lee - -ysz lie, be lying
lubi -bi -bisz impf like
ko n bed. w ku
mao quant a little, not much. za
mao too little
miasto n town. w miecie
mieszkanie n apartment. w
mieszkaniu
mio av nice. bardzo mi mio it's
very nice for me (to meet you)
mj, moja, moje poss aj of ja my,
mine
muzeum n museum. w muzeum
myle myl mylisz impf think
na pewno av phr surely, certainly, for
sure
naprawd av really, genuinely
nareszcie av finally
narzeczony mp decl as aj fianc. f
narzeczona fiance
niedugo av soon, before too long
niemoliwy aj impossible
od dawna av phr for a long time
pamita -am -asz impf remember. nie
pamitam I forget
pana poss aj of pan your
pani poss aj of pani your
park mi park. w parku
pewnie av probably
po lewej stronie on the left-hand
side
po prawej stronie on the right-
hand side
poczta f post-office. na poczcie
pokj -koju mi room, peace. w
pokoju
Polska f Poland. w Polsce
pozna -am -aszz pf meet, get to know
Pozna -ania mi Poznan. w Poznaniu
pozwoli -l -lisz (pf) allow
praca f work, job. w pracy
prawo n law
130
130
przedstawi -wi -wisz pf present,
introduce. przedstawi si
introduce oneself
przedstawienie n performance. na
przedstawieniu
przyjaciel mp (close) friend. f
przyjacika
przypusza -am -asz impf suppose,
expect, imagine
reklama f advertisement
restauracja f restaurant. w restauracji
sdzi -dz -dzisz judge, think
siedzie -dz -dzisz impf sit, be sitting
siostra f sister
skd av from somewhere
sklep mi store. w sklepie
spa pi, pisz impf sleep
sta stoj, stoisz impf stand
std av from here
sympatyczny aj nice, sympathetic
szkoa f school. w szkole
teatr mi theater. w teatrze
teraz av now
trzeci, trzecia, trzecie num aj third
trzy num three
twj, twoja, twoje poss pron of ty
your, yours
ubiera si -am -asz impf get dressed
uczy si cz -czysz impf
study, learn
ulica f street. na ulicy on the street
uniwersytet mi university.
na uniwersytecie
uwaa -am -asz impf consider, think.
jak uwaasz? what do you think?
Warszawa f Warsaw. w Warszawie
wtpi -pi -pisz impf doubt
widzie -dz -dzisz impf see
wic so, then, in that case
wraenie n impression. mam
wraenie, e I have the impression
that
wreszcie av finally, at last
wyjcie n exit, going out, leaving.
gotowy do wyjcia ready to leave
zadowolony aj satisfied, happy,
content
zajty aj busy, occupied
zawsze av always
zmczony aj tired
zna -am -asz impf know, be familiar
with (a person or thing)
znajomy mp decl like aj acquaintance.
f znajoma
zreszt av for all that, for that matter
zwykle av usually
y yj yjesz impf live, be alive
sowniczek
Malbork, w Malborku
Malbork. A castle about 35 kilometers south east of Gdask, a medieval seat
of the Knights of the Teutonic Order.
3. LEKCJA TRZECIA
131
SUPPLEMENTARY CONVERSATIONS
A. Nie narzekam
- Czy twj brat (twoja siostra)
pracuje?
- Tak, pracuje jako kelner (kelnerka)
w restauracji.
- Czy on (ona) dobrze zarabia?
- Do dobrze <Niele>. On (ona)
nie narzeka.
Does your brother (your sister) work?
Yes, he (she) works as a waiter (waitress)
in a restaurant.
Does he (she) make good money?
Fairly good. <Not bad.> He (She)
doesn't complain.
zarabia -am -asz earn, narzeka -am -asz complain
make money. dobrze zarabia niele av not bad
make good money
B. On jest chory
- Gdzie jest Jarek (Kasia) dzisiaj?
- On (Ona) jest chory (chora). Jest w
domu. Ley w ku.
- Ojej! Co mu (jej) jest?
- Po prostu bardzo le si czuje.
Chyba ma katar <kaca>.
Where is Jarek (Kasia) today?
He (She) is sick. He's (She's) at home.
He's (she's) lying in bed.
Oh dear. What is the matter with him
(her)?
He (she) simply feels very bad. Probably
he has a cold <a hangover>.
dzisiaj av today dobrze (le) si czu feel good (bad)
chory aj sick kac m hangover. mam kaca I have a
co mu (jej) jest? phr what is it to him hangover
her)? i.e., what is wrong with him katar mi head cold. mam katar I
(her)? have a cold
czu si czuj si, czujesz si feel.
C. W hotelu
- Dobry wieczr. Czy s wolne
pokoje w hotelu?
- Tak, jest jeszcze jeden pokj
jednoosobowy.
- Dobrze, bior go. Ile pac?
- Pidziesit euro za jedn noc.
Prosz o paszport.
Good evening. Are there free rooms in
the hotel?
Yes, there is still one single-person
room.
Good, I'll take it. How much do I pay?
Fifty euro for one night. May I have
your passsport, please?
bra bior, bierzesz impf take
pidziesit fifty
prosz o paszport may I have your
passport, please
ile how much. ile pac? how much
do I owe?
3. LEKCJA TRZECIA
132
Przygody biura podr "Zefir"
Rozdzia trzeci: Pan Orowski marzy
Pan Orowski jest w pracy. Siedzi w gabinecie. Ma dzisiaj duo pracy.
Musi pisa i odpowiada na listy. Musi te przygotowa bilans. Musi
pracowa szybko i bezbdnie. Pan Kowalczyk, jego szef, jest bardzo
wymagajcy. Wszystko musi by na dzisiaj gotowe.
Zamiast odpowiada na listy, Pan Orowski woli komponowa poetyckie
reklamy dla firmy. Oto jego najnowsza prba:
Z Zefirem wdruj za pan brat,
Objedaj z nami cay wiat!
Jest bardzo zadowolony z siebie.
Pan Orowski siedzi przy biurku. Trzyma owek, ale ju nic nie pisze.
Patrzy w okno, ale nic nie widzi. Marzy... Nagle widzi, e jest na prerii.
wieci soce... piewaj ptaki... preria jest zielona i spokojna... Pan Orowski
jedzie... jedzie... jedzie... Preria jest szeroka i spokojna, ale nagle widzi, e
nie jest sam. Inny jedziec jedzie w jego kierunku. Ma strzelb i celuje w
pana Orowskiego. Jaki straszny haas! W drzwiach stoi pan Kowalczyk.
Patrzy na pana Orowskiego, nie umiecha si.
bezbdnie av flawlessly
bilans mi balance
cay wiat the whole world
celowa luj -lujesz w+A aim at
drzwi pl form door. w drzwiach
dzisiaj av today. na dzisiaj for
today
haas mi noise, racket
inny aj another
jecha jad, jedziesz ride
jedziec dca mp rider
kierunek nku mi direction
komponowa -nuj -nujesz impf
compose
list mi letter. listy letters
marzy rz -rzysz daydream
musie musz, musisz +infin must
nagle av suddenly
objeda am asz travel around
oto part here is
patrzy rz -rzysz na+A look at
pisa pisz piszesz write
preria f prairie
prba f attempt, tryout
przy prep+L Iat, near
przygotowa tuj -tujesz prepare
ptak ma bird
reklama f advertisement
siedzie dz -dzisz sit
soce n sun
spokojny aj peaceful
straszny aj terrible
strzelba f hunting rifle
szeroki aj wide
wieci c -cisz shine
trzyma am asz hold
umiecha si am -asz smile
w drzwiach in the doorway
wdrowa ruj -rujesz wander.
wdruj 'wander!' (the command
form fo the verb)
widzie widz, widzisz see
wole -l -lisz prefer
z nami with us
za pan brat phr like brothers
z "Zefirem" with Zephyr
zadowolony z siebie satisfied
with oneself
zamiast prep +infin instead of
zielony aj green
Rozdzia trzeci