21.

63: a)
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
) 4 (
2
) 4 (
) 2 ( ) 2 (
) 2 (
1
) 2 (
1
d y
yd
d y
d y d y
d y d y
=

+
=
+

=
3
0
2 2 2
0
2 2 2
0
2 ) 4 ( 2 ) 4 (
2
4 y
p
d y
y

qd
d y
yd

q
E
y
b) This also gives the correct expression for y
E
since
y
appears in the full
expressions denominator squared so the signs carr! through correctl!"