化數 homework (CH6)

1. Evaluate the integrals:

 cos xe
2 sin x
(i) dx (5%) ;

e (1  e x )1 / 2 dx (5%)
x
(ii)

1
 xe
x
(iii) dx (10%)
0

(iv)

e
ax
cos bxdx (10%)

1 ax a
I   e ax cos bxdx e sin bx   e ax sin bxdx
b b
1 a 1 a
if u  e ax ,  e ax sin bx  [ e ax cos bx   e ax cos bxdx ]
b b b b
d 1 a a 2
 cos bx,  e ax sin bx  2 e ax cos bx  2  e ax cos bxdx
dx b b b
b I  be sin bx  ae cos bx  a I
2 ax ax 2

(a 2  b 2 ) I  e ax (b sin bx  a cos bx)

1
I   e ax cos bxdx  2 e ax (b sin bx  a cos bx)  C
a  b2

2. Determine a reduction formula for  sin n xdx , where n is a positive integer. (10%)
 3/ 2
 m 
3. For the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution f ( )  4   2 e m
2

/ 2 kT
.
 2kT 

Find the root mean square speed  2 , where  2    2 f ( )d . (10%)
0

3/ 2 3/ 2
 m  2  m 2 / 2 kT  m  m
f ( )  4    e , set A  4   ,B
 2kT   2kT  2kT

2  n 1
𝜐 2 = ∫0 𝜐 2 𝑓(𝜐)𝑑𝜐 = 𝐴 ∫0 𝜐 4 𝑒 −𝐵𝜐 𝑑𝜐, I n   r n e ar dx  I n 
∞ ∞ 2
I n2
0 2a
4 1 3 3 1
For n  4, I 4  I 4  2 , a  B, I 4  I2   I0
2a 2B 2B 2B
 1  3 1 
 I 0   e ar dr  ,  I4  
2

2
0 2 a 4B 2 a
∞ ∞
2
𝜐 2 = ∫ 𝜐 2 𝑓(𝜐)𝑑𝜐 = 𝐴 ∫ 𝜐 4 𝑒 −𝐵𝜐 𝑑𝜐
0 0

𝑚 3/2 3 2𝑘𝑇 2 2𝜋𝑘𝑇 3𝑘𝑇

= 𝐴 × 𝐼4 = 4𝜋 ( ) × ×( ) ×√ =
2𝜋𝑘𝑇 8 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚

3𝑘𝑇
∴ √𝜐 2 = √
𝑚
4. Line shapes in spectroscopy are sometimes analyzed in terms of second moments.

The second moment of a signal centred at angular frequency 0 is


 (   ) g ( )d , where g ( ) is a shape function for the signal. Evaluate the
2
0
0

2  1 
integral for the Gaussian curve g ( )  T exp  T 2 (  0 ) 2  (10%)
  2 

 2 
Set x  (   0 ), dx  d , I   (   0 ) 2 g ( )d  T  x 2 e  Bx dx
2

0  0

1 1 1 
For n  2, I 2  I 0 ; a  B  T 2 , I 2 
2a 2 4B B
2  2 1 2 1
I T  x 2 e  Bx dx  T  2
2

 0  2T 2 T 2
T

1  sin(a  b) x sin(a  b) x 
5. Prove that  sin ax sin bxdx    C , for a  b . (10%)
2  a  b a  b 
∵ 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ; 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝑥 − 𝑦)
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦
1
∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑏 𝑥 = [𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑥) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥)]
2
1
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑥 sin 𝑏 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫[𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥] 𝑑𝑥
2
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥
= [ − ]+𝐶
2 𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏