Unit 18

Just completed actions and experiences

Objective: To learn about expressing just completed actions and experiences.

Present Perfect tense
Usage:
Just completed actions
Experiences
Past action has some relation to the present

Examples:
Anna has finished the essay just now. (Just completed actions)
I have been to Himalayas. (Experience)
Raj has come to see Malar. (Past action has some relation to the present)

Structures:
S =Subject; M.V =Main Verb; P.P =Past Participle; O.W =Other Words
Use have for I/ We/ You/ They/ John and Anwar
Use has for He/ She/ It/ John

Positive statement:

S + has/ have + M.V [P.P] + O.W
Examples:
Gavin has refused to pay the money.
I have seen her.

Negative statement:

S + has/ have + not + M.V [P.P] + O.W
S + hasnt/ havent + M.V [P.P] + O.W
Examples:
Those children havent scribbled on the desk.
The plan has not worked properly.

Yes/ No Positive question:

Has/ have + S + M.V [P.P] + O.W?
Examples:
Has Samantha accepted to come?
Have Gayathri and Roja attended the meeting?

Yes/ No Negative question:

Has/ have + S + not + M.V [P.P] + O.W?
Hasnt/ havent + S + M.V [P.P] + O.W?
Examples:
Havent you been to Pune?
Has she not stitched it?

Wh Positive question:

Wh + has/ have + S + M.V [P.P] + O.W?
Examples:
How has Johny known the truth?
How long have they waited?

Wh(y) Negative question:

Why + has/ have + S + not + M.V [P.P] + O.W?
Why + hasnt/ havent + S + M.V [P.P] + O.W?
Examples:
Why has Connor not unpacked it?
Why havent Layla and Joe travelled to Ooty?